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Laporan

TEKNOLOGI SEDIAAN LIQUIDA DAN SEMISOLID “Shampo Ketokonazole”

O L E H

KELOMPOK

: 1 (SATU) (SATU)

KELAS KELAS

: C- S1 FARMAS FARMASII 2014

ASISTEN

: Nur Aini Fadia! S"#ar$

LA%ORATORIUM FARMAKO&NOSI 'AN FITOKIMIA URUSAN FARMASI FAKULTAS OLAHRA&A 'AN KESEHATAN UNIERSITAS NE&ERI &ORONTALO 201*

Lembar Pengesahan

TEKNOLOGI SEDIAAN LIQUIDA DAN SEMISOLID

OLEH KELOMPOK : I 1"

Adi+,a R" Laaa

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2"

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3"

Sai Sai+a +a A5du 5du A6i7 6i7

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4"

Ard,a Pra$97+i P" unu7

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Karina Ha7an

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N;9$59r 201*

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Nur Aini Aini Fadia! S"#ar$

KATA KATA PENGANTAR PENG ANTAR

A77aa$ua+=an Pu>i Su=ur =9!adi =9!adira+ ra+ Aa! Aa! ST ,an ,an +9a! +9a! $9nan $9nanu9 u9ra! ra!=an =an ra!$a+ ra!$a+ dan !ida,a !ida,a!-N, !-N,aa =9ada =a$i 79!ina daa+ $9n,997ai=an aran ra=+i=u$ +9=ni 79dian i?uida dan 79$i7id +9n+an @SHAMPO KETOKONAOLEB" KETOKONAOLEB" 'aa$ 'aa$ 9nu 9nui i7an 7an ar aran an ini ini 797un 797un u! u!n, n,aa +ida +ida= = 79di= 79di=i+ i+ +an+ +an+an ana an n =97ui+an dan !a$5a+an ,an =a$i !adai na$un d9nan 9nu! 9ra,a diri di79r+ai +9=ad dan =9$auan ,an =9ra7 ada a=!irn,a aran ini daa+ =a$i 7997ai=an 795aai$ana adan,a" Fa=+r Fa=+r anu9r anu9ra! a! dan 5an+ua 5an+uan n dari dari 59r5a 59r5aai ai i!a= i!a= +9a! +9a! $9$9r $9$9ran anar ar 9nui7an aran ini dan 9! =ar9na i+u d9nan $9nda!uu=an 7,u=ur A!a$duia! ada =979$a+an ,an 59r!ara ini =a$i $9ra7a 59r=9Da>i5an $9n,a$ai=an uaan +9ri$a =a7i! ,an +uu7 79r+a 9n!araan ,an 79+ini+inin,a =9ada 79$ua i!a= ,an 9nu! =9i=!a7an +9a! $9$59ri=an 5an+uan $ri dan $a+9ri =9ara! 9n,997aian aran ini"

%ia!i Fii Sa5ii!a? Fa7+a5i?u K!aira+ a77aa$u
&rn+a N;9$59r 201*

K9$= 1

DAFTAR ISI LEMAR PENGESA!AN

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I"1

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I"2

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A II TIN"AUN PUSTAKA""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""3

II"1

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II"2

Uraian %a!an""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" %a!an"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""* """""""""""""""""""""""""""""*

II"3 II"3

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A III PENDEKATAN FORMULA"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""/ A I# FORMULASI DAN PER!ITUNGAN""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 3*

I" I"1

Fr$ua"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Fr$ua""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 3*

I" I"2

P9r!i+unan """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " 38

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Cara =9r>a"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =9r>a""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""" " 41

"2

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P9nu+u""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" P9nu+u"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""" """""" " 48

II"2

=97i$uan""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =97i$uan"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " 48

DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN

A I PENDA!ULUAN I%&

Lata' elakan(

Far$a7i adaa! i$u ,an $9$9a>ari ara $9$5ua+ $9na$ur $9rai= $9$#r$ua7i $9nid9n+i#i=a7i $9n=$5ina7i $9nanai7i7 79r+a 79r+a $9n7+an $9n7+andar dar=an =an 5a+ 5a+ dan 9n5 9n5a+an a+an >ua >ua 7i#a+-7i 7i#a+-7i#a+ #a+ 5a+ 5a+ 5979r+ 5979r+aa 9nd7+ri5u7iann,a dan 9nunaann,a 9nunaann,a 79ara a$an" S9irin d9nan 9r=9$5anan di daa$ 5a+ 59n+u= 79diaan daa$ 5idan #ar$a7i >ua 79$a=in 59r;aria7i" S9diaan 5a+ +9r795u+ an+ara ain 79diaan ada+ 799r+i 79r5u= =a7u 7u7i+ria +a59+S9diaan 79+9na! ada+ +9rdiri dari 7a9 9 =ri$ a7+a dan 79diaan i?uid 799r+i aru+an 7u79n7i 7u79n7i dan 9$u7i" Adan,a Adan,a 59r5aai 59r5aai 59n+u= 59n+u= 79diaan +9795u+ di!ara=an di!ara=an daa+ $9$59ri=an =9a$anan dan =9n,a$anan 5ai =n7u$9n" Saa! 7a+u n+! 79diaan #ar$a7i ,an 59r9dar di a7aran a+i= in7+aa7i =979!a+an dan += 5a+ ,a=ni 79diaan ai+ (i?uid)" S9diaan i?uid $9rua=an 79diaan d9nan Du>ud air $9nandun 7a+u a+au 95i! 6a+ a=+i# ,an +9raru+ a+au +9rdi9r7i 7+a5i daa$ $9diu$ !$9 !$9n, n, ada ada 7aa+ diai diai=a7 =a7i=a i=an" n" S9diaa S9diaan n air a+au a+au i?uid i?uid 5an,a 5an,a= = di$i di$ina na+i +i dari dari =aan =aana an n ana= ana=-an -ana= a= d9Da d9Da7a 7a dan dan an7ia an7ia 79!i 79!in na a 7a+u 7a+u =9un =9unua uan n 79diaan 79diaan i?uid i?uid di5and di5andin in=an =an d9nan d9nan 79diaan 79diaan-79d -79diaan iaan ain ain adaa! dari 79i ra7a dan 59n+u= 59n+u= 79diann,a" 79diann,a" Saa! 7a+u dari 79diaan i?uid adaa! 9$u7i" E$u7i adaa! 7i7+9$ dua #a79 di$ana 7aa! 7a+u airann,a +9rdi79r7i daa$ airan ,an ain daa$ 59n+u= +9+97an-+9+97an =9i ('ir>9n POM 1//)" Saa! 7a+u 79diaan 9$u7i ,an diuna=an daa$ =7$9+i= an+ara ain 7!a$" S!a$ adaa! 79diaan =7$9+i=a un+u= $ A=7ud =9ra$a7 ra$5u+ 79!ina 79+9a! i+u =ui+ =9aa dan ra$5u+ $9n>adi 59r7i! dan 79ada+ $un=in $9n>adi 9$5u+ $uda! dia+ur dan 59r=iau" S!a$ $9rua=an rdu= 9raDa+an ra$5u+ ,an diuna=an un+u= $9n!ian=an $in,a= d95u 79ri!an =ui+ dan =+ran ain di ra$5u+"

S95ua! #rua7i 7!a$ ,an 5ai= $9$un,ai =9$a$uan =!u7u7 ,an daa+ $9$ini$ai7a7i iri+a7i $a+a $9nn+r =9+$59 (dandruff ) 79r+a daa+ $9$9r5ai=i 7+ru=+ur ra$5u+ 79ara =979uru!an" S!a$ an+i=9+$59 $9rua=an 7!a$ ,an di+u>u=an un+u= $9nn+r 79 =ui+ $a+i di =uu+ =9aa" Fr$ua7in,a +9rdiri dari 6a+ a=+i# 799r+i 799niu$ 7u#ida 6in ir,+!in dan na+riu$ auri 7u#a+ 79r+a 5a!an 9ndu=un ainn,a 799r+i air 7ur#a=+an 9naD9+ daar an+i=7idan !u$9=+an 9$i9n dan 9nar$a" 'aa$ ra=+i=u$ ini dia=u=an 9r5aan 79diaan 7!a$ d9nan 6a+ a=+i# =9+=na6 ,an diindi=a7i=an un+u= 9na+an in#9=7i rai >9ni7 i+,r7ru$ 799r+i i+,ria7i7 ;9r7iaar d9r$a+i+i7 795rr!9i dan i+,ria7i7 ai+i7 ,an $9na=i5a+=an =9+$59 d9nan 9=7ii9n-9=7i9n 9ndu=un dan $9$#r$ua7i

79diaan

7!a$ =9+=na6 79r+a

$9n9;aua7i 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6" I%)

T*+*an Pe',o-aan

1" Un+u= $9n9+a!ui ara 9$5ua+an 7!a$ =9+=na6 9$ua+r +D99n .0 dan 7an .0" 2" Un+u= $9n9+a!ui ara $9$#r$ua7i 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6 9$ua+r +D99n .0 dan 7an .0" 3" Un+u= $9n9+a!ui ara $9n9;aua7i 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6 9$ua+r +D99n .0 dan 7an .0"

A II TIN"AUAN PUSTAKA II%& Da.a' Teo'/ A% De0/n/./ Em*l./

E$u7i adaa! 7i7+9$ dua #a79 ,an 7aa! 7a+u airann,a +9rdi79r7i daa$ airan ,an ain daa$ 59n+u= +9+97an =9i ('ir>9n POM 1//)" E$u7i adaa! 7ua+u 7i7+9$ !9+9r9n ,an +ida= 7+a5i 79ara +9r$dina$i=a ,an +9rdiri dari ain 79di=i+ dua #a79 airan ,an +ida= 59ra$ur di$ana 7aa! 7a+un,a +9rdi79r7i daa$ airan ainn,a daa$ 59n+u= +9+97an-+9+97an =9i ,an 59ru=uran 01-100 $ ,an di7+a5i=an d9nan 9$ua+r7ur#a=+an ,an =" K$n9n 9$u7i ,an 7+ai5i !aru7 !aru7 +9rdiri dari 3 =$n9n ,ai+u #a79 +9rdi79r7i a+au #a79 in+9rna #a79 =n+in,u a+au #a79 9=7+9rna dan 5a!an 9n9$u7i (Tunadi R 2014)" % T/pe Em*l./

'ua +i9 9$u7i $9nuru+ An79 (2011) adaa! 795aai 59ri=u+: 1" E$u7i ,an $9$un,ai #a79 daa$ $in,a= dan #a79 uar air di795u+ 9$u7i $in,a= daa$ air dan 5ia7an,a di59ri +anda 795aai 9$u7i MA 2" E$u7i ,an $9$un,ai #a79 daa$ air dan #a79 uar $in,a= di795u+ 9$u7i air daa$ $in,a= dan di=9na 795aai 9$u7i AM M9nuru+ Tunadi R (2014) ada 3 +i9 9$u7i ,ai+u: 1" MA (Min,a=Air) : 7ua+u 9$u7i di$ana $in,a= +9rdi79r7i 795aai +9+97an-+9+97a daa$ #a79 air dan dii7+ia!=an 9$u7i $in,a= daa$ air" 2" AM (AirMin,a=) : >i=a air adaa! #a79 +9rdi79r7i dan $in,a= adaa! $9diu$ 9ndi79r7i $a=a 9$u7i di795u+ 9$u7i air daa$ $in,a=" 3" E$u7i anda

+9a!

di=9$5an=an 59rda7ar=an

9ndundaan

99a7an 5a!an a=+i#" 'aa$ +i9 9$u7i ini $9$ii=i 3 #a79 ,an

di795u+ 59n+u= 9$u7i AMA a+au MAM a+au di795u+ @9$u7i daa$ 9$u7iB $% $a'a menent*kan t/pe em*l./

Ada 5959raa u>i un+u= $9n9n+u=an +i9 9$u7i adaa! 795aai 59ri=u+ (Tunadi 2014): 1" U>i P9n9n9ran M9+d9 ini +9ran+un ada =9n,a+aan 5a!Da 7ua+u 9 $u7i $a daa+ di9n9r=an d9nan air dan 9$u7i a$ d9nan $in,a=" Saa+ $in,a= di+a$5a!=an +ida= a=an 59ra$ur =9 daa$ 9$u7i dan a=an na$a= n,a+a 9$i7a!ann,a" T97 ini 79ara 59nar di5u=+i=an 5ia 9na$5a!an air a+au $in,a= dia$a+i 79ara $i=r7=" 2" U>i =ndu=+i;i+a7 E$u7i di$ana #a79 =n+in,u adaa! air daa+ diana $9$ii=i =ndu=+i;i+a7 ,an +ini di5andin 9$u7i di$ana #a79 =n+in,un,a adaa! $in,a=" %9rda7ar=an =9+i=a 79a7an 99=+rd9 di!u5un=an d9nan 795ua! a$u dan 7u$59r i7+ri= di$a7u==an daa$ 9$u7i $a a$u a=an $9n,aa =ar9na $9n!an+ar=an aru7 un+u= =9 dua 99=+rd9" i=a a$u +ida= $9n,aa  dia7u$7i=an 5a!Da +i9 a$" 3" U>i K9aru+an arna %a!Da 7ua+u 9Darna aru+ air a=an aru+ daa$ #a79 59rair dari 9$u7i" S9$9n+ara 6a+ Darna aru+ $in,a= a=an di+ari= 9! #a79 $in,a=" adi =9+i=a9nu>ian $i=r7=i= $9nun>u==an 5a!Da 6a+ Darna aru+ air +9a! di+ari= un+u= #a79 =n+in,u u>i ini diuani $9nuna=an 79>u$a! =9i 9Darna aru+ $in,a= 9Darnaan #a79 =n+in,u $9nun>u==an +i9 a$" D% Shampo

S!a$ adaa! 7aa! 7a+u =7$9+i= 9$59r7i! ra$5u+ dan =ui+ =9aa dari 79aa $aa$ =+ran 5ai= ,an 59rua $in,a= d95u 7979 ,an 7uda! $a+i dan 795aain,a (La+i#a! 2008)" Fun7i 7!a$ ada u$u$n,a diuna=an d9nan $9na$ur=an d9nan air d9nan +u>uan 795aai 59ri=u+ :

1" M9aru+=an $in,a= aa$i ,an di=9uar=an 9! +u5u! un+u= $9induni ra$5u+ dan $9$59r7i!=an =+ran ,an $99=a+" 2" M9nin=a+=an +9anan 9r$u=aan =ui+ u$u$n,a =ui+ =9aa 79!ina daa+ $9uru!=an =+ran" E% KETOKONA1OLE

K9+=na6 $9rua=an an+i>a$ur i$ida6 ,an $9nanu 7in+97i7 9r7+9r dan =ar9na i+u $9nu5a! 9r$9a5ii+a7 $9$5ran 79 >a$ur 79n7i+i#"" K9+=na6 $9$ii=i 79=+ru$ ,an ua7 dari a=+i;i+a7 an+i$i=r5a +9r$a7u= a=+i;i+a7 +9r!ada Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida 7" Coccidioides immitis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Histoplasma

capsulatum,

Malassezia

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,

7" Microsporum

Trichophyton

canis,

mentagrophytes,

dan

T.rubrum. %959raa 7+rain spergillus 7" Cryptococcus neoformans, dan !porothri" schenc#ii 79n7i+i#" K9+=na6 $9$ii=i a=+i;i+a7 +9r!ada 5959raa 5a=+9ri &ra$ 7i+i# dan 5959raa a=+i;i+a7 an+ir+6a +9r!ada Leishmania 7" Ada aran an=a Candida albicans $9$9r9! r97i7+9n7i +9r!ada =9+na69" K9+=na6 di+9ra=an 79ara +i=a 795aai =ri$ 2G daa$ 9n5a+an in#9=7i andida a+au d9r$a+#i+ ada =ui+ a+au daa$ 9n5a+an pityriasis $ersicolor " Ha ini diuna=an 79=ai a+au dua =ai 79!ari dan dian>u+=an 79a$a 79+ida=n,a 5959raa !ari 79+9a! !iann,a 9>aa" S!a$ ,an $9nandun 1 a+au 2G =9+=na6 >ua i+u di+9ra=an dua =ai 79$inu 79a$a 2 7a$ai 4 $inu (a+au =adan=adan 95i! a$a) daa$ 9n5a+an =9+$59 a+au d9r$a+i+i7 795ri=" 2G 7!a$ diuna=an 79=ai 79!ari !ina  !ari di i+,ria7i7 ;9r7ir" Un+u= r#ia=7i7 795ri= d9r $a+i+i7 2G 7!a$

diuna=an 79=ai 79+ia 1 7a$ai 2 $inu un+u= r#ia=7i7 i+,ria7i7 ;9r7ir daa+ diuna=an 79=ai 79!ari 79a$a $a=7i$a" 3 !ari 7959u$ aaran 7inar $a+a!ari II%)

St*2/ P'e0o'm*la./ &% Ketokonazole

Na$a r97$i

:

=9+na69 Na$a ain

: K9+na6u$ K9+=na+7i K9+=na6 K9+=na6a7

R$%$

: C

2*

H2.C2 N4O4



324

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 59r59n+u= 79r5u= ar+i=9 u+i! a+au !a$ir u+i!

P=a

: 2/ dan *

H

: -*

K9aru+an

: Pra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air 79di=i+ aru+ daa$ a=! 595a7 aru+ daa$ di=r$9+ana aru+ daa$ $9+i a=!"

In=$a+i5ii+a7

:-

S+a5ii+a7

: 7!a$ !aru7 di7i$an ada 7u!u +ida= $995i!i 20 dan !aru7 diinduni dari a!a,a 1G 7!a$ !aru7 di7i$an an+ara 2-30 0 dan !aru7 diinduni dari a!a,a dan 9$59=uan

Far$a=i

: =9+=na6 9r+a$a

adaa!

79+ru$

#uni7+a+i=u$ 9$ida6 =9r>an,a

$iri

d9nan

$i=na6 dan $9iu+i 5an,a= #uni a+!9n (raid9r$a+#i++9r$a7u= i+,r7ru$ ;a9) 6a+ ini diuna=an ada in#9=7i >a$ur 7i7+9$i= ,an

ara!

dan =rni779ara

a

ada

anuan =9+$59 !95a+ K9unaan

: 795aai 6a+ a=+i#

II%3 Anal/./. pe'ma.alahan

-

K9+=na6 ,an di5ua+ daa$ 59n+u= 7!a$ diindi=a7i=an 795aai 9n5a+an an+i =9+$59"

-

'i+in>au dari =9aru+an =9+=na6 ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air a=an +9+ai 79di=i+ aru+ daa$ a=! +u>uan =9+=na6 di5ua+ 7!a$ ,ai+u diindi=a7i=an un+u= in#9=7i rai >9ni7 i+,r7ru$ 799r+i: i+,ria7i7 ;9r7iaar d9r$a+i+i7

795rr!9i dan i+,ria7i7 ai+i7

(=9+$59) (RD9200/)" -

Aa7an ainn,a =9+=ana6 di5ua+ daa$ 59n+u= 7!a$ di=ar9na=an un+u= $9$9r$uda! a7i9n $9nuna=ann,a di7iuai=an >ua d9nan indi=a7i dari =9+=na69 ini di$ana $9$an di+u>u=an un+u=

$9n5a+i =9+$59 =ar9na $9$9r+i$5an=an indi=a7in,a $a=a 95i! 5ai= di#r$ua7i 795aai 79diaan 7!a$ -

+u>uan di=$5ina7i=an +D99n .0 dan 7an .0 795aai 9$ua+r ,ai+u un+u= daa+ $9$59ri=an 9$59n+u=an 9$u7i 95i! 5ai= di5andin=an d9nan ,an +una (=i$ 200)"

-

Un+u= $9n9a! adan,a 9r+u$5u!an $i=r5a ,an di=ar9na=an 79diaan ini $9nandun air =a$i $9nuna=an 9naD9+" P9naD9+ ,an diuna=an ,ai+u $9+i ara59n dan ri ara59n $9+i ara59n 795aai 9naD9+ ada #a79 air dan ri ara59n 795aai 9naD9+ ada #a79 $in,a= (RD9 200/)"

-

+u>uan diuna=an ri9ni= 795aai !u$9=+an ,an a=an $9na!an 9nuaan air ada 79diaan dan di=ui+ 59r#un7i 795aai $i7+uri69r (99$5a5) un+u= =ui+ =9aa (RD9200/ Nur7ia! 2011)"

-

+u>uan 9nunaan an+i=7idan 79ndiri di+u>u=an ada #a79 ir un+u= $9n!indari +9r>adin,a =7ida7i 9! 5a!an-5a!an 9$u7i ,an ada ada #a79 air"

-

+u>uan diuna=an -+=#9r ,ai+u 795aai 7u$59r ;i+a$in E 79r+a $9nun>u==an 7i#a+ an+i=7idan (RD9 200/)

-

%a!an 9ndaar diuna=an un+u= $9$9r+a!an=an ! 79diaan" Ha ini 59r!u5unan d9nan 7+a5ii+a7 79diaan" Tu>uann,a un+u= $9n!indari +9r>adin,a 9nuraian 6a+ a=+i#" P9nurunan =adar 79a$a 9n,i$anan" P! 79diaan ini daa+ $9$9naru!i 7+a5ii+a7 79diaan

A III PENDEKATAN FORMULA III%&

U'a/an ahan a% 1at akt/0 &% K9+=na69 (Mar+inda9 3/ 'ir>9n POM 1//  4.*)

Na$a ain

: KETOCONAOLUM

RM%M

: C2*H2.C2 N4O43114

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= !a5ur u+i! +ida= 59r5au"

K9aru+an

: ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air 79di=i+ aru+ daa$ a=!  595a7 aru+ daa$ $9+i a=! $9induni dari a!a,a

In=$a+i5ia+a7 S+a5ii+a7

: : di7i$an ada 7u!u +ida= $995i!i 20 dan !aru7 diinduni dari a!a,a !aru7 di7i$an an+ara 2-300 dan !aru7 diinduni dari a!a,a dan 9$59=uan

Kn79n+ra7i

: 2G

K9unaan

: 6a+ a=+i#

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an an+ara 2-300

-% Em*l(ato'

1" TD99n .0 (rD9 200/ 1/8.7,9d 2014=i$ 200 FI III !a 0/) Na$a ain

: POLJSOR%ATUM .0

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: airan =9n+a 799r+i $in,a= =unin 5au a7a$ 9$a= =!a7

K9aru+an

: $uda!

aru+

9+an+ida=

daa$

aru+

air

daa$

daa$ $in,a=

$in9ra In=$a+i5ii+a7

: 9ru5a!an

Darna

dan

a+au

9n9ndaan +9r>adi d9nan 59r5ai 6a+ +9ru+a$a #9n +anin S+a5ii+a7

: 7+a5i un+u= 99=+ri+ dan a7a$ 9$a! dan 5a7a

2

Kn79n+ra7i

: 1-10G

K9unaaan

: 9$ua+r

P9n,i$anan

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai

San .0 (r9D9200/FI III !a *8) Na$a ain

: SOR%ITOLUM

RM%M

: C*H14O* 1.218

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

H OH

H OH OH H

HO - C  C  C - C  C  C - OH H P9$9rian

H OH

H H

H

: 79r5u= 5u+iran a+au =9inan  u+i!  ra7a $ani7 !ir7=i=

K9aru+an

: ada

u$u$n,a

aru+

+9rdi79r7i

daa$ $in,a= aru+ daa$ 9aru+ rani= ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air In=$a5ii+a7

: d9nan a7a$ a+au 5a7a =ua+ +9r>adi 9$59n+u=an 7a5un d9nan 5a7a =ua+

S+a5ii+a7

: 9ra!an-a!an a=an $9$59n+u= 5u7a d9nan adan,a a7a$ =ua+ dan 5a7a 7+a5i +9r!ada a7a$ 9$a! dan 5a7a 9$a!

3

Kn79n+ra7i

: 1-10G

K9unaan

: 9$ua+r

P9$,i$ana

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u raa+

Na+riu$ aur9 7u#a+ (rD9200/ !a  *1-*2 'ir>9n POM1// !a /) Na$a ain

: SO'IUM LAUREL SULFATE

RM%M

: C12H2 NaO47

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= u+i! a+au =ri$ 7a$ai =ri7+a =unin

K9aru+an

: $uda! aru+ daa$ air $9$59n+u= aru+an a979n"


: na+riu$ auri 7u#a+ 59r9a=7i d9nan 7ur#a=+an

=a+ini=

!iann,a

a=+i#i+a7

=n79n+ra7i

$9n,95a5=an 5a!=an

+9rau

daa$ r9nda!

$9n,95a5=an +ida= 799r+i 7a5un !a ini =$a+i59 d9nan a7a$ 9n9r dan in =a7iu$ dan $an97iu$"

Na+riu$ aur9 7u#a+ in=$a+i5ii+a7 d9nan ara$ i;a9n in a$ 799r+i au$uniu$ +i$a a+au 79n dan r97i#a+ d9nan ara$ =aiu$" Laru+an na+riu$ aur9 7u#a+ (H /10) aa= =r7i# 5a>a rinan +9$5aa =uninan dan au$uniu$" S+a5ii+a7

: na+riu$ aur9 7u#a+ 7+a5i di5aDa! =ndi7i nr$a 9n,i$anan" Na$un daa$ aru+an =ndi7i 9=7+ri$ ,ai+u H 2 a+au di5aDa! i+u $9naa$i !idri7i7 aur9 a=! dan na+riu$ 5i7u#a+9"

%a!an

!aru7

di7i$an

daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u d9nan 5ai= dari a9n =7ida7i ,an =ua+ di+9$a+ ,an dinin =9rin" Kn79n+ra7i

: 1G

K9unaan

: 9$ua+r

P9n,i$anan

: =9rin" daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u d9nan 5ai= dari a9n =7ida7i ,an =ua+ di+9$a+ ,an dinin

4 S9+i 7+9ari a=! (rD9 200/ 14/) Na$a ain

: CETOSTEARJL ALCOHOL

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$rian

: 59r59n+u= ranu 5u+iran a+au =u5u7 ,an 799r+i iin

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ 9+an (/G) 9+9r dan $in,a= ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air

In=$a5ii+a7

: in=$a+i59 d9nan a9n =7ida7i ,an =ua+ dan ara$ a$

S+a5ii+a7

: 79+i7+9ari a=! 7+a5i di5aDa! =ndi7i nr$a 9n,i$anan" S9+i 7+9ri a=! !aru7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= di+9$a+ ,an dinin =9rin

Kn79n+ra7i

: /G

K9unaan

: 9$ua+r

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= di+9$a+ ,an dinin =9rin

 -ahan pen(a4et 1" M9+,ara59n ('ir>9n POM 1/8/ !a 38.rD9 200/ !a 442) Na$a ain

: METHJLIS PARA%ENUM

RM%M

: C.H.O3

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= =ri7+a +ida= 59rDarna 7a$ai u+i! dan +ida= 59r5au

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ 00 5aian air daa$ 20 5aian air $9ndidi! daa$ 9+9r dan daa$ aru+an a=ai !idr=7ida aru+ daa$ *0 5aian i79r  ana7dan daa$ 40 5aian $in,a=na5a+i ana7 >i=a didinin=an aru+an +9+a >9rni!"


: a=+i;i+a7

an+i$i=r5a

dari

$9+iara59n dan ara59n ainn,a >au!

59r=uran

d9nan

adan,a

7ur#a=+an nnini= 799r+i i7r5a+ .0

S+a5ii+a7

: 7+a5i ada H 3-* 7+a5i 7a$ai 79=i+ar 4 +a!un ada 7u!u =a$ar $9+iara59n !aru7 +9r7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= daa$ 79>u= dan =9rin

Kn79n+ra7i

: 002G-03G

P9n,i$anan

: +9r7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= daa$ 79>u= dan =9rin

K9unaan

: 795aai 9naD9+

2 Priara59n (RD9 200/ !a /8 FI I !a 813 FI III !a 3) Na$a ain

: PROPJLIS PARA%ENUM

RM%M

: C10H12O31.021

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= !a5ur u+i!  +ida= 59r5au  +ida= 59r5u7a

K9aru+an

: 7ana+ 7u=ar aru+ daa$ air aru+ daa$ 3 5aian 9+an (/G) daa$ 3 5aian a79+n  daa$ 140 5aian i79r 9$a=



daa$ 5aian

$uda! aru+

$in,a=

daa$

a=i

!idr=7ida" In=$a+i5ii+a7

: a=+i#i+a7

an+i$i=r5a

riara59n 7ur#a=+an $i9i6a+in

59r=uran nnini= $

dari >au!

di

795aai au$uniu$

+ri7ii=a+

diar=an

$9nua

i7r,

ara59n

79!ina

$9nurani

a=+i#i+a7

9naD9+

riara59n 59ru5a! Darna d9nan adan,a

597i

dan

+undu=

ada

!idri7i7 9! a=ai 9$a! dan a7a$ =ua+" S+a5ii+a7

: 7u7i ara59n 597ar ada P! 3-* daa+

di7+9ri=an

d9nan au+=a#

+9r!ada d9=$7i7i ada P! 3-* aru+an air 7+a5i  10G d9=$7i7i 7a$ai 79=i+ar P! . a+au dia+a7 adaa! 7u5>9=  di!idri7i7 ,an 9a+ 10G a+au 95i! Kn79n+ra7i

: 002G

K9unaan

: 795aai 9naD9+

P9n,i$anan

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai=

3 5rn (rD9 200/80) Na$a ain

: %RONOPOL

RM%M

: C3H*%rNO4200"00

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

:

5rn adaa! 5u5u= =ri7+a u+i! a+au !a$ir u+i! +ida= 59r5au a+au u+i! =ara=+9ri7+i= 5au 7a$ar

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ 9+an (1:2) ri9ni= (1:2) 5rn (1:4) air i79r (1:100) i7ri$iri7+a+ (1:200)


: 79n,aDa 9nurunan

7u#!idri ,an

$9n,95a5=an

7ini#i=an

ada

a=+i#i+a7

5rn

dan

7i7+9in

!idr=rida daa+ diuna=an 795aai a9n $9nna=+i#=an daa$ +97i#i=a7i 9naD9+

=$5ina7i97i+in

a+au

i7r5a+ +ida= = un+u= +un>uan ini 5rn +ida= =$a+i59 d9nan na+riu$ +ri7u#a+ d9nan na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ =7ida

dan

a+au

!idri7a+

r+9in

dan

a+au

a$ina

7ur#a=+an

d9nan

$9+a5i7u#i+ =7ida

d9nan

na+riu$

d9nan

r+9in

a$ina

7ur#a=+an

!idri7a+ =ar9na =9+ida= =an d9nan

au$uniu$

9nunaan

au$uniu$ daa$ =9$a7an rdu= ,an $9nandun 5rn !aru7 di!indari S+a5ii+a7

: 5rn

7+a5i

an+i$i=r5a

dan

adaa!

a=+i#i+a7

ra=+i7

+ida=

+9r9naru! =9+i=a di7i$an 795aai ada+

ada

7u!u

=a$ardan

=99$5a5an r9a+i# a$5i9n 7a$ai 2 +a!un Kn79n+ra7i

: 002G

=9unaan

: 795aai 9naD9+

9n,i$anan


2 a(ent pen(ental

1" H$ (rD9 200/314) Na$a ain

: HI'ROKSI

PROPIL

METIL

SELULOSA (HJPROMELLOSE) RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: u+i!

u+i!

=9a5uan

=9=uninan

5u5u=

a+au

u+i! ranu

!ir7=i= 79+9a! 9n9rinan K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ air dinin $9$59n+u= =id =9n+a aru+an ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air ana7 =r#r$ 9+an (/G) dan 9+9r +ai aru+ daa$ a$uran 9+an dan di=r$9+ana dan

a$uran

$9+an

dan

di=r$9+an dan a$uran air dan a=!" Niai +9r+9n+u !,r$979 ,an aru+ daa$ aru+an a79+n 59rair a$uran di=r$9+ana dan ran2- dan 9aru+ rani= ainn,a" %959raa niai ,an a59 7D9 daa$ 9+an" S+a5ii+a7

: 5u5u= !,r$9u79 adaa! 5a!an ,an

7+a5i

$97=iun

!ir7=i7 7u7i

79+9a!

7+a5i

59r7i#a+

9n9rinan

ada

P!

!,r$979

3-11

$9naa$i

+ran7#r$a7i 7-9 r9;9r7i59 ada 9$ana7an dan 9ndininan $a7in$a7in 7u!u 9a7i adaa! 0-/0.  +r9ran+un

ada

=9a7

dan

=n79n+ra7i

5a!an"

Un+u=

7u!u

di5aDa! aru+an

7u!u

9a7i

$9nurun

$9nin=a+"

'iuar

;i7=7i+a7

=ar9na 7u!u

7u!u 9a7i

;i7=7i+a7 $9nin=a+ =ar9na 7u!u $9nin=a+" Kn79n+a7i

: 2G

K9unaan

: a9n+ 9n9n+a

P9n,i$anan


2" Car5 (rD9 !a 110) Na$a ain

: CAR%OMER

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 59rDarna u+i! 59r5au a7a$ 5u5u= !ir7=i7 d9nan 79di=i+ 5au ,an =!a7

K9aru+an

: 7D9a59 daa$ air dan i79rin dan 79+9a!

din9+rai7ir

daa$

9+an

(/G) =ar5$9r +ida= aru+n +9+ai !an,a $9$59n=a= 7a$ai 5a+a7 ,an 5ia7a =ar9na $9r9=a $9r9=a adaa! +ia di$9n7i $i$r97 7ian In=$a+i5ii+a7

: =ar5$9r ,an 59ru5a! Darna 9! r97r7indan

+ida=

=$a+i59

d9nan #9n i$9r =a+ini= a7a$ =ua+ dan +in=a+ +ini 99=+ri+" Ad>u;an an+i$i=r5a +9r+9n+u >ua !aru7 di!indari a+au diuna=an ada +i$=a+ r9nda!" Tin=a+ >9>a= 597i dan ainn,a a$ +ran7i7i =a+ai7 daa+ $9nurun=an

di79r7i

=ar5$9r

+9r+9n+u

a=+i#

#un7ina

d9nan

$9$59n+u=

a$in=$9=7

d9nan =ar5$9r" S+a5ii+a7

: =ar5$9 7+a5i 5a!an !ir7=i7 ,an daa+ diana7=an ada 7u!u di5aDa! 104 7a$ai 2 >a$+ana $9$9naru!i 9#i7i9n7i 9n95aan" Na$un

aaran

59r95i!an 9ru5a!n

7u!u

daa+ Darna

7+a5ii+a7"

,an

$9na=i5a+=an dan

L9n=a

$9nurani d9=$77i

+9r>adi d9nan 9$ana7an 79a$a 30 $9ni+di 2*0" K9rin 59n+u= 5u5u= =9r5$9r+ida= 9r+u$5u!an

$9ndu=un >a$ur"

S95ai=n,a

$i=rrani7$9 +u$5u! d9nan 5ai= 7aa+ =ar5$9r didi79r7i=an daa$ airdan

=ar9na

9naD9+ !rr97

i+u

9nunaan

an+i$i=r5a

799r+i

$9+!,ara59n

riara59n a+au +!i$9r7a !aru7 di+a$5a!=an" I+u 79ain 3.

Na CMC (rD9200/11. FI III 401) Na$a ain : NATRII CAR%OJMETHJLCELLULOSU M RM%M : Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur :

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= a+au 5u+iran  u+i! a+au u+i! =unin adin +ida= 59r5au a+au !a$ir +ida= 59r5au !ir7=i=

K9aru+an

: $uda!

$9ndi79r7i

daa$

air

$9$59n+u= 7u79n7i =ida +ida= aru+ daa$ 9+an (/G)  daa$ 9+9r  dan daa$ 9aru+ rani= ain" In=$a+i5ii+a7

: in=$a+i59 d9nan aru+an a7a$ =ua+ dan d9nan aru+an ra$ 597i dan

5959raa

a$

799r+i

au$uniu$ $9r=uri dan 6in= >ua d9nan $ an+!an 9n9ndaan +9r>adi ada H di 5aDa! 2 dan ada 7aa+

9na$uran

d9nan

9+an

/G $9$59n+u= =$9=7 d9nan 9a+in dan 9=+in" S+a5ii+a7

: aru+an

7+a5i

ada

H

2-10

9n9ndaan +9r>adi ada H di5aDa! 2"

i7=7i+a7

aru+an

59r=uran

d9nan 9a+ >i=a H dia+a7 10 $9nun>u=an ;i7=7i+a7 dan 7+a5ii+a7 $a=7i$u$

ada

di7+9rii7a7i

daa$

H

8-/"

%i7a

=ndi7i =9rin

ada 7u!u 1*0" Kn79n+ra7i

: 3-*G

K9unaan

: 795aai 9n9n+a

P9n,i$anan

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u raa+"

e Dapa'

1 -

'aar 7i+ra+ ( Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ dan a7a$ 7i+ra+ )

Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ Na$a ain

: NATRII CITRAS

RM%M

: C*H Na3O8"2H2O2/410

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: !a5ur +ida= 59rDarna a+au 79r5u= !au7 u+i!"

K9aru+an

:

aru+ ada air ,an 79di=i+ 5a7a dan ra=+i +ida= aru+ daa$ 9+an (/G)

in=$a+i5ii+a7

: a=an 59r9a=7i d9nan 6a+ a7a$ a=an +9r>adi 9n9ndaan >i=a 59r9a=7i d9nan 9r9a=7i 5a7a 6a+ 9r9du=7i dan =7ida7i a9n+

7+a5ii+a7

: 7diu$ 7i+ra+ di!idra+ adaa! 5a!an ,an

7+a5i

ada

9n,i$anan"

air

daa+

$9n,95a5=an

Laru+an

9$i7a!an

=9i

!aru7

di7i$an

daa$ Dada! =9da udara daa$ 79>u= dan =9rin

-

=n79n+ra7i

:

03-20G

=9unaan

: 795aai 9ndaar

9n,i$anan


A7a$ 7i+ra+ Na$a ain

: CITRII ACI'

RM%M

: C*H.O8"H2O1/2

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 59r59n+u= =ri7+a +ida= 59rDarna a+au 59nina+au

=ri7+a

9##r979n+"+ida=

u+i!

5u5u=

59r5au

dan

$9$ii=i ra7a a7a$ ,an =ua+ K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ =uran dari 1 5aian air dan daa$ 1 5aian 9+an (/G)  7u=ar aru+ daa$ 9+9r 


:

a7a$ 7i+ra+ +ida= =$a+i59 d9nan =aiu$

+ar+ra+

a=ai

+ana!

dan

5i=ar5na+ a79+a+ dan 7u#ida +ida= =$a+i59 >ua $9na=u =7ida+r 5a7a $9nurani a9n+ dan ni+ra+" Ha ini 59r+9n7i $99da= d9nan ni+ra+

a$

ada

9n,i$anan

7u=r7a daa+ $9n=ri7+a dari 7i=a d9nan =959radaan a7a$ 7i+ra+ S+a5ii+a7

: a7a$ 7i+ra+ $n!idra+ =9!ianan air 7aa+ =ri7+ai7a7i ada udara 9$5a5" A7a$ 7i+ra+ $n!idra+ di7i$an ada +9$a+ 79>u= dan =9rin

Kn79n+ra7i

: 03-20G

K9unaan

: 795aai 9ndaar

P9n,i$anan


0 emol/en

1" &i79rin (FI III 1/8/: 281 Eii9n+ * +! 200/:2/) Na$a ain

: &LJCEROLUM

RM%M

: C3H.O3/210

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: Cairan 799r+i 7iru >9rni! +ida=

CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH

59rDarna +ida= 59r5au $ani7 dii=u+i

ra7a

!an,a+

!ir7=i7

>i=a

di7i$an 5959raa a$a ada 7u!u r9nda! daa+ $9$ada+ $9$59n+u= $a77a !a5ur +ida> 59rDarna ,an +ida= $995ur !ina 7u!u $9naai =uran 200C K9aru+an

: 'aa+ 59ra$ur d9nan air d9nan 9+an (/G) P ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ =r#r$ P daa$ 9+9r P dan daa$ $in,a= 9$a=


: In$a+i59 9n=7ida

d9nan

5a!an

++ariu$

=ra+

9+a7iu$ 9r$anana+ S+a5ii+a7

: S+a5i

ada

+9=anan

dan

7u!u

$a=7i$a Kn79n+ra7i

: 30G

K9unaan

: 795aai 6a+ +a$5a!an

P9n,i$anan


2" Para##in i?uidu$ (rD9200/!a44* dir>9n $ 1//!a *2 FI III 484) Na$a ain

: PARAFFINUM LIUI'UM

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: airan

=9n+a

+ran7aran

+ida=

59r#ur979n7i +ida= 59rDarna!a$ir +ida= 59r5au!a$ir +ida= $9$un,ai ra7a K9aru+an

: Pra=+i7 +ida= aru+ 9+an /G i79rin dan air" Laru+ daa$ >9ni7 $in,a= 9$a= !ana+


:


d9nan

a9n

=7ida+r =ua+ S+a5ii+a7

:

'aa+ +9r=7ida7i 9! ana7

dan a!a,a Kn79n+ra7i

: 1-32

K9unaan

: 795aai 9$i9n

P9n,i$anan

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= +9rinduni dari a!a,a

3" i79ri $n7+9ara+ (RD9 200/ !a : 2/0-2/2  RD9 !a : 30.  310  >urna) Na$a R97$i

:

i79ri $n7+9ara+

Na$a ain

:

7+9ari aid i79rin $n7+9ara+

RM%M

:

C21H42O4  3."*

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: u+i! 59rDarna =r9$ 799r+i iin ada+ 79ri! a+au 5u5u=" dan $9$ii=i 5au 9$a= 79di=i+ dan ra7a

K9aru+an

:

Laru+

daa$

9+an

=r#r$ a79+n

ana7

9+9r

ana7 $in,a=

$in9ra dan $in,a= +9+a" Pra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air +9+ai daa+ +9r795ar di daa$ air d9nan 5an+uan 79>u$a! =9i 7a5un a+au 7ur#a=+an ain" S+a5ii+a7

:

i=a di7i$an ada 7u!u !ana+ i79ri $n7+9ara+ =9nai=an niai a7a$ ada 9nuaan =ar9na un+u= 7ani#i=a7i

97+9r d9nan >u$a!

>9>a= air" an+i=7idan ,an 9#9=+i# daa+

di+a$5a!=an

799r+i

!idr=7i+u9n 5u+,a+9d dan ri aa+9" K9unaan

:

795aai a9n 9$i9n

P9n,i$anan

:

di7i$an di+9$a+ 79>u= dan daa$ Dada! +9+u+u raa+


:

In$a+i59 d9nan 6a+ a7a$

K79n+ra7i

:

0   G

Aa7an P9unaan

:

&i79ri $n9a+ diuna=an daa$ #r$ua7i #ar$a7i ra dan +i=a dan u$u$n,a diana 795aai ,an r9a+i# nn iri+an dan 9=7ii9n +ida= 59raun" >9ni7 i79ri $n7+9ara+ diuna=an 795aai 9$u7i#i9r nnini= 9n7+a5i 9$i9n dan a7+ii69r daa$ 59r5aai $a=anan #ar$a7i dan ai=a7i =7$9+i=

( !*mektan

1" Pri9ni= (rD9 !a: /2-/3  FI III 34) Na$a ain

: PROPJLEN&LJCOLUM

RM%M

: C3H.O28*10

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: Cairan =9n+a >9rni! +ida= 59rDarna +ida=

59r5au

$ani!ir7=i=

ra7a

aa=

K9aru+an

: Laru+

d9nan

a79+n

=r#r$

9+an (/G) i79rin dan air aru+ ada 1 di * 5aian 9+9r +ida= aru+ d9nan $in,a= a+au +9+a $in,a= $in9ra rinan In=$a+i5ii+a7

: Pr,9n9 , +ida= 797uai d9nan r9a9n 9n=7ida7i 799r+i =aiu$ 9r$anana+"

S+a5ii+a7

: Pada 7u!u dinin ri9n i= 7+a5i daa$ =9adaan +9r+u+u raa+ +9+ai ada 7u!u +ini di +9$a+ +9r5u=a

ia

9nd9run

un+u=

$9n=7ida7i 79!ina $9ni$5u=an rdu= 799r+i rinad9!ida a7a$ a=+a+ iru;a+ a7a$ dan a7a$ a79+a+" Pr,9n9

,

79ara

=i$iaDi

7+a5i 7aa+ dia$ur d9nan 9+an (/G) i79rin a+au air" Kn79n+ra7i

: 1G

K9unaan

: 6a+ +a$5a!an :9aru+

P9n,i$anan


2" Sr5i+ (rD9 342) Na$a r97$i

: SOR%ITOL

Na$a ain

: I7$a+

RM%M

: C12H24O1344"32

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: u+i! a+au !a$ir5u5u= u+i! a+au 5u+iran a+au 5a!an =ri7+a" M9$ii=i

$9n,9nan=an 7uari=9 ra7a d9nan ra7a $ani7 ,an rinan 79=i+ar 0*0G dari ,an 7u=r7a K9aru+an

:

7ana+ $uda! aru+ air 7u=ar

aru+ daa$ 9+an daa$ $9+!an dan daa$ a79+a+ In=$a+i5ii+a7

:

7r5i+

a=an

$9$59n+u=

=9a+ aru+ daa$ air d9nan 5an,a= di;a9n+ dan a$ +ri;a9n+ in daa$ =ndi7i 7ana+ a7a$ dan 5a7a S+a5ii+a7

: 7+a5i diudara d9nan +ida= adan,a =a+ai7 dan dinin 9n9r a7a$ dan 5a7a" Sr5i+ +ida= +9rurai ada 7u!u ,an +ini a+au d9nan a$ina"

K9unaan

: 795aai !u$9=+an

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an daa$ Dada! ,an +9r+u+u raa+ dan di+9$a+ =9rin"

Kn79n+ra7i

:

3-1G

Aa7an 9na$5a!an

: 7r5i+ 79ara =i$iaDi r9a+i;9 dan =$a+i59 d9nan 795aian 597ar 5a!an

9$5an+u"

Sr5i+

+ida=

$9$5ua+ in#a$a7i +ida= =r7i# dan +ida= r9a+i;9 3" P,9+!,9n9 ,7 (rD9200/!a18-1.) Na$a r97$i

: P,9+!,9n9 &,

Na$a ain

: Car5Da Car5Da S9n+r, Li ,,9+!,9n9 ,"

RM%M

: H(OCH2CH2)nOH8 000-/ 000

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 59rDarna u+i! a+au +ida= 59rDarna dan 79ri! iin 5au $ani7"

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ air dan aru+ daa$ 79$ua rr7i

d9nan

i9+i9n

i=

ainn,a (S9+9a! 99! >i=a 9ru)" aru+an air dari !i!9r$9uar- niai 59ra+ 5adan daa+ $9$59n+u= 9" ,9+!,9n9 air i=

,an

aru+

daa$

a79+n

a=! 59n69na i79rin dan i=" i= i9+i9n ada+ ,an aru+ daa$

a79+n

di=r$9+ana

9+an

(/G)

dan

$9+an $9r9=a 79di=i+ aru+ daa$ !idr=ar5n ai#a+i= dan 9+9r +ai aru+ daa$

9$a=

$in,a=

+9+a dan

$in,a= $in9ra S+a5ii+a7

:

i9+i9n i= 79ara =i$iaDi 7+a5i di udara dan daa$ aru+an $97=iun niai d9nan 59ra+ $9=u =uran dari 2000

,an

!idr7=i7"

i9+i9n

i= +ida= $9ndu=un 9r+u$5u!an $i=r5a dan $9r9=a +ida= $9n>adi +9ni=" i9+i9n i= dan 7u7i i9+i9n i= 59rair daa+ di7+9ri=an d9nan au+=a# #i+ra7i a+au iradia7i 7inar a$$a K9unaan

: 795aai !u$9=+an

Kn79n+ra7i

:

-

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u raa+ +9r!indar dari 7inar $a+a!ari

Aa7an 9na$5a!an

: i9+i9n i= 5an,a= diuna=an daa$ 59r5aai

#r$ua7i #ar$a7i

+9r$a7u= ar9n+9ra +i=a i9+i9n i=

7+a5i

da7arn,a

6a+

nn

!idr#ii=

irri+an+

,an

ada

=ui+

M9r9=a +ida= $uda! $9n9$5u7 =ui+ $97=iun i= i9+i9n ,an aru+ daa$ air dan $uda! di!au7 dari =ui+ d9nan $9nui" h Ant/ok./2an

1" Na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ (rD9 200/ FI III 1/8/ 41/) Na$a ain

: NATRII PJROSULFIS

RM%M

: Na2S2O1/010

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: +ida=

59rDarna

59r59n+u=

=ri7+a

ri7$a a+au 79r5u= =ri7+a 59rDarna u+i! !ina u+i! =9=a+an ,an 59r5au 7u#ur di=7ida dan a7a$" K9aru+an

: Laru+ daa$ dua 5aian air 7u=ar aru+ daa$ 9+an


: Na+riu$ $9+5i7u#a+ 59r9a=7i d9nan 7i$a+$i$9+i= dan ainn,a

5a+

,an r+ a+au ara!idr=7i59n6i d9ri;a+ a=! un+u= $9$59n+u= +urunan a7a$ 7u#a+ ,an $9$ii=i 79di=i++ida= #ar$a=i $9+a5i

ada 79ain 7u#i+797uai

=ra$#9ni==

a=+i;i+a7 i+u

na+riu$ d9nan

S+a5ii+a7

: Pada aaran udara dan =99$5a5a5n na+riu$ $9+5i7u#i+ 79ara 9ra!an +9r=7ida7i $9n>adi na+riu$ 7u#a+ d9nan d97in+9ra7i =ri7+a

Kn79n+ra7i

: 001-1 G

K9unaan

: an+i=7idan

P9n,i$anan


2" %HA (9##inra 2012 rD9200/) Na$a ain

: %UTHJLIS HJ'ROJTOLUENNUM

RM%M

: C1H24O2203

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= =ri7+a u+i! a+au !a$ir u+i! ada+an 799r+i iin 59rDarna =unin 9$a! 5au ar$a+i= ,an =!a7

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ 9+an daa$ =r#r$ dan daa$ 9+9r Tida= aru+ daa$ air dan ri9ni= $uda!


: %HA adaa! 79n,aDa #9ni= dan $9naa$i r9a=7i =ara=+9ri7+i= #9n" Ha ini +ida= 797uai d9nan =7ida+r dan ara$ 597i"

S+a5ii+a7

: Paaran 9ru5a!an

a!a,a Darna

$9n,95a5=an dan

!iann,a

a=+i;i+a7 5!a !aru7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u raa+ Kn79n+ra7i

: 000-002 G

K9unaan

: 795aai an+i=7idan

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u raa+

3" - +=#9r (RD9 200/) Na$a ain

: -+=#9r;i+a$in E

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: ra=+i7 +ida= 59r5au dan +ida= 59ra7a 59rua

K9aru+an

$in,a=

=9n+a

>9rni!

: ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air 595a7 aru+ daa$ $in,a= a79+n 9+an 9+9r dan 7a,uran


: +=#9r +ida= =$a+i59 d9nan 9n=7ida

d9nan

in

a$

+9ru+a$a 597i +9$5a!a dan 9ra=" T=#9r

daa+

di79ra

=9daa$

a7+i= S+a5ii+a7

: +=#9r +9r=7ida7i 9ra!an 9! =7i9n a+$7#9r dan 9a+ d9nan 597i dan ara$ 9ra=" T=#9r 97+9r 95i! 7+a5i +9r!ada =7ida7i dariada +=#9r !ar7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! =9da udara di+9$a+ ,an 79>u= dan =9rin +9rindun dari a!a,a

Kn79n+ra7i

: 0001-00G

K9unaan

: 795a!ai an+i=7idan

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an daa$ Dada! =9da udara di+9$a+ ,an

79>u=

+9rindun dari a!a,a /

Pem-*.a

1" Sdiu$ Laur, Su#a+9 (FI III 1/8/:813 RD9 200/:*1)

dan =9rin

Na$a ain

: NATRIUM LAURJL SULFATE

RM%M

: C12H2 NaO4S2..3.

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: 79r5u= u+i! a+au =ri$ 7a$ai =ri7+a =unin

K9aru+an

: Sana+ aru+ daa$ air aru+ 795aian daa$ 9+an


: Tida= =$a+i59 d9nan ara$ dari a7u99n a$ 799r+i au$iniu$ +i$a! 79n dan r97ii+a7i d9nan ara$ =aiu$

S+a5ii+a7

: Sdiu$ auri+ 7u#a+ 7+a5i daa$ =ndi7i 9n,i$anan nr$a na$un daa$ aru+an dan daa$ =9adaan 9=7+ri$

,ai+u P! 2 $9naa$i

!dri7i7 un+u= aur, a=! dan 7diu$ +i7u#a+ Kn79n+ra7i

: 10G

K9unaan

: 795aai 9$5u7a

P9n,i$anan

: =9rin" 'aa$ Dada! +9r+u+u d9nan 5ai= dari a9n =7ida7i ,an =ua+ di+9$a+ ,an dinin"

2" C9+7+9ari a=! (RD9 10) Na$a r97$i

: CETOSTEARIL ALKOHOL

Na$a ain

: A!

9+,iu7

9+

7+9ar,iu7

9+9ar, a! 9+, 7+9ar, a! RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: u+i! a+au 59rDarna =r9$ 59r$ani7$ani7 5u+iran"

$a77a

79ri!

M9$ii=i

99+

7a$ar

a+au

795ua!

=ara=+9ri7+i= $ani7 5au" K9aru+an

: Laru+ daa$ 9+an (/G) 9+9r dan $in,a= ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air"


: In$a+i59 Di+! 7+rn idi6in a9n+7 and $9+a 7a+7"

S+a5ii+a7

: S9+7+9ari a=! 7+a5i di 5aDa! =ndi7i

9n,i$anan

nr$a"

S9+7+9ari a=! !aru7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai= daa$ 79>u= dan =9rin" Kn79n+ra7i

: -

3" C9+i a=! (rD9 1) Na$a ain

: C9+, A!

Na$a r97$i

: A! 9+,iu7 A; Ca!a+ a$i+, a!

RM%M Ru$u7

P9$9rian

: C1*H34O242"44 7+ru=+ur

:

: 79ri!an u+i! 5u+iran =u5u7 a+au ran" M9$ii=i 5au ,an =!a7 7a$ar dan ra7a !a$5ar

K9aru+an

: %95a7 aru+ daa$ 9+an (/G) dan 9+9r =9aru+an $9nin=a+ d9nan $9nin=a+n,a

7u!u

ra=+i7

+ida=

aru+ daa$ air" Laru+ =9+i=a $999! d9nan 9$a= airan dan ara#in ada+ dan i7ri $iri7+a+"


: K$a+i59 d9nan =7ida+r =ua+" S9+i

a=!

un+u=

59r+anun

$9nurun=an

i5ur#9n

,an

=99nd9runan

+i+i=

>aDa5 99!

Ha7i

$9nua+

di 79a$a

r797 ai7an #i$ =ri7+a i5ur#9n S+a5ii+a7

: S9+i a=! 7+a5i d9nan adan,a a7a$ a=ai a!a,a dan udara +ida= $9n>adi +9ni="

P9n,i$anan

: !aru7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u Dada! di +9$a+ ,an 79>u= dan =9rin"

Kn79n+ra7i

: 2-G

K9unaan

: 9$5u7a

" Pen(a'oma

1" O9u$ i+ri+ (FI III4) Na$a ain

: OLEUM CITRI

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: airan =unin ua+ a+au =unin =9!i>auan 5au =!a7  ra7a 9da7 dan aa= a!i+"

K9aru+an

: aru+ daa$ 12 5aian ;u$9 9+an (/0G) " Laru+an aa= 59ra979n7i daa+

59ra$ur

d9nan

9+an

$u+a= P In=$a+i5ii+a7

: -

S+a5ii+a7


Kn79n+ra7i

: ?"7

K9unaan

: 795aai 9nar$a

P9n,i$anan


2" M9n+! (rD9200/FI III3*2) Na$a ain

: MENTHOLUM

RM%M

: C10H20O1*30

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

:

P9$9rian

: !a5ur 59r59n+u= >aru$ a+au ri7$a  +ida= 59rDarna  5au +a>a$ 799r+i $i,a= 9r$9n  ra7a ana7 dan ar$a+i= dii=u+i ra7a dinin"

K9aru+an

: 7ana+ aru+ daa$ 9+an (/G) =r#r$ 9+9r $in,a= 9$a= dan ara##in air aru+ daa$ a79+n dan 59n6na 7ana+ 79di=i+ aru+ daa$ i79rn ra=+i7 +ida= aru+ daa$ air


: =$a+i59 d9nan 5u+, =ra!idra+ =ra!idra+ =r$iu$ +ri=7ida 5na#+ #9n =aiu$ 9r$anana+9 ir a r97r7ina dan +i$

S+a5ii+a7

: #r$ua7i ,an 9nandun $9n+ 1G 55

daa$

=ri$

59rair

+9a!

diar=an 7+a5i !ina 1. 5uan 5ia

di7i$an

ada

7u!u =a$ar"

M9n+ !aru7 di7i$an daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u

5ai=

$995i!i

20C

ada

7u!u

=ar9na

+ida= $uda!

+9r7u5i$a7i Kn79n+ra7i

: daa$ #r$ua7i +ia ,ai+u 00100G

K9unaan

: 795aai 9nar$a

P9n,i$anan

: daa$ Dada! +9r+u+u 5ai=  di+9$a+ 79>u=

3 Min,a= 6ai+un (FI III4.) Na$a ain

: OLEUM OLIAE

RM%M

: -

Ru$u7 7+ru=+ur

: -

P9$9rian

: airan =unin ua+ a+au =unin =9!i>auan  5au 9$a! +ida= +9ni=  ra7a =!a7" Pada 7u!u r9nda! 795aian a+au 79uru!n,a $9$59=u

K9aru+an

: 7u=ar aru+ daa$ 9+ann(/G)  $uda! aru+ daa$ =r#r$  daa$ 9+9r  dan daa$ 9+9r $in,a= +ana! 


: -

S+a5ii+a7

: =9+i=a didinin=an $in,a= 6ai+un $9n>adi

=ru!

79=i+ar10.

dan

$9n>adi $a77a $9n+9a 0. $in,a= 6ai+un !aru7 di7i$an di+9$a+ ,an 79>u=

dan

=9rin

daa$

=9+a+

+9rindun dari a!a,a un+u= $in,a= a!an di$a=7ud=an un+u= diuna=an daa$ 9$5ua+an ar9n+9ra 59n+u= 79diaan

,an

ada

P!

*2

$9n,a+ara=an 5a!Da $in,a= ura! di7i$an di5aDa! a7 in9r+ Kn79n+ra7i

: ?"7

K9unaan

: 795aai 9nar$a

P9n,i$anan

: di7i$an di+9$a+ ,an 79>u= dan =9rin

A I# FORMULASI DAN PER!ITUNGAN

I"1 Fr$ua7i a" Fr$ua u+a$a R K9+=na6 7!a$ TD99n .0 San .0 M9+i ara59n Pri ara59n HPMC 'aar 7i+ra+ A7a$ 7i+ra+ Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ &i79rin Pri9ni= Na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ -+=#9r NLS O9u$ i+ra+9 A?uad97+ 5" Fr$ua a+9rna+i;9 R K9+=na69 7!a$ NLS M9+i ara59n Pri ara59n H$ 'aar 7i+ra+ A7a$ 7i+ra+ Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ &i79rin Pri9ni= Na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ -+=#9r O9u$ i+ri+ A?uad97+ " Fr$ua ,an di79+u>ui R K9+=na6 7!a$ TD99n .0 San .0

2G 10G 10G 01.G 002G 2G

30G 1G 1G 00G 10G ?"7 ad 100 G

2G 10G 01.G 002G 2G

30G 1G 1G 00G ?"7 ad 100 G

2G 10G 10G

M9+i ara59n Pri ara59n H$ 'aar 7i+ra+ A7a$ 7i+ra+ Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ Para##in Pri9ni= Na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ -+=#9r NLS Min,a= 6ai+un A?uad97+ I"2 Pe'h/t*n(an a% Pe'h/t*n(an 2apa'

01.G 002G 2G

1G 1G 1G 00G 10G ?"7 ad 100 G

P! 7+a5ii+a7 6a+ a=+i# P! daar 7i+ra+

 -*

 22-.

P=a1  312.  P=a2  48*1  P=a3  *3/* P! =ui+

 *

P! ,an didaar  * P=a

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Pe'h/t*n(an -ahan

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:

u$9 di95i!=an :

120 $ 3G

120

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Pe'h/t*n(an al/(a./

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M9+i ara59n

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HPMC

2100  123* $  2482 ra$

&i79rin

30100  123* $  380. ra$

Pri9ni=

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A # $ARA KER"A DAN E#ALUASI &% $a'a ke'+a

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Ta59 !a7i 9;aua7i 79diaan 9$u7i +9=ni 79diaan i?uida dan 79$i7ida 9ni7 S9diaan

: S!a$ K9+=na69

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: 1 (Sa+u) C-S1 Far$ai 2014

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2

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%9rda7r=an an=a ,an di+un>u=an 99! aa+ 9nu=ur P! (P! $9+9r) ,an di 9u=an ada 7a$9 M9n9n+u=an d9n7i+a7 aru+an d9nan $9ni$5an $a7a aru+a?n 7957na,a= ;u$9 +9r+9n+u d9nan i=n$9n+9r ,an =9$udian di5andin=an d9nan airan ,an +9a! di=9+a!ui id9n+i+a7n,a (a?uad97+) ada 7u!u

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Pi=n =7n : 1882 ra$ Pi=n79diaan : 2.00 ra$ Pi=n =7n : 1882 ra$ Pi=n79diaan : 280 ra$ Pi=n =7n : 1882

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S9diaan di+9+97i d9nan $9+i9n 5u9 79u=un,a =9$uadian dia$a+i

'ia$ur=a 1 ra$ 7a$9 d9nan 0 $ air di== 79a$a 20 d9+i= dan dia$a+i +ini 5u7a S9diaan di9+a=an ada +9$a+ d9nan 7u!u C 5iar=an 79a$ 2 !ari" K9$udian a$a+i +9r>adi 9$i7a!an a+au +ida=" K9$udian 9+a=an ua 79diaan ada +9$a+ dd9nan 7u!u 40 C" di5iar=an 79a$a 2 !ari " a$a+i +9r>adi 9$i7a!an a+au +ida="

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A #I PEMA!ASAN #I%& PEMA!ASAN

S!a$ adaa! 7aa! 7a+u rdu= 9raDa+an ra$5u+ ,an diuna=an un+u= $9n!ian=an $in,a= d95u =9+$59 ar+i=9-ar+i=9 =a7ar ,an 59ra7a dari in=unan dan =+ran ain dari ra$5u+ (Pu+ra 200/)" Pada ra=+i=u$ +9=ni 79diaan i?uida dan 79$i 7id ini di5ua+ 7!a$ daa$ 59n+u= 9$u7i $in,a= daa$ air" S!a$ =9+=na69 79ndiridiindi=a7i=an

un+u= 9n5a+an =9+$59

a+au d9r$a+i+i7 795ri=" 2G 7!a$ diuna=an 79=ai 79!ari !ina  !ari di i+,ria7i7 ;9r7ir" Un+u= r#ia=7i7 795ri= d9r$a+i+i7 2G 7!a$ diuna=an 79=ai 79+ia 1 7a$ai 2 $inu (rD9200/) Pada Fr$ua7i Ini 'iuna=an %a!an E$ua+rn,a adaa! TD99n .0 dan San .0 d9nan =n79n+ra7i 10G 9naD9+ ada #a79 air adaa! M9+i ara59n 01.G  dan ada #a79 $in,a= adaa! Pri ara59n 002G un+u= 5a!an 9nin=a+ ;i7=7i+a7 adaa! HPMC 795an,a= 2G  dan 5a!an 9ndaan,a adaa! A7a$ 7i+ra+ 011G Na+riu$ 7i+ra+ 0440G un+u= 5a!an 9$i9nn,a dia=ai &i79rin 30G 79r+a !u$9=+ann,a adaa! Pri9ni= 1G ada #r$ua7i ini >ua =a$i $9nuna=an an+i=7idan ada #a79 air adaa! Na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ 1G dan an+i=7idan ada #a79 $in,a=n,a adaa! -+=#9r 00G di=ar9na=an 79diaan ini adaa! 7!a$ =a$i $9na$5a!=an NLS 10G 795aai 9$5u7a dan 795a!ai a9n 9nar$a adaa! Oi;9 i 79r+a +ida= ua >ua $9na$5a!=an A?uad97+ ,an di ad 100 G 795aai 9$5aDa #a79 airn,a" P9nunaan E$ua+r +D9n dan 7an ini $9rua=an 7ur#a=+an nnini= di$ana +D9n dan 7an ini +ida= a=an $9niri+a7i =ui+ 79!inan,a 95i! a$an diuna=an 9! 9nuna" S9ain i+u NLS ,an 'iuna=an 795aai a9n 9$5u7a di=ar9na=an NLS ini $9rua=an 7ur#a=+an anini= ,an $9$an 5ia7a diuna=an daa$ #r$ua7i =7$9+i=" NLS ini >ua $9rua=an 7u#a=+an anini= 79!inan,a daa$ r797 9$59r7i!an a=an +9r>adi d9nan $uda! (rD9200/)"

Un+u= $9nun>an a79+a5ii+a7 dari 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na69 ini =a$i $9n$5a!=an HPMC 795aai 9nin=a+ ;i7=7i+a7 79diaan 79ain i+u !$ ini >ua 5i7a un+u= $9n>aa =97+a5ian 5u7a (#ai6a+un200.)" S9ain i+u diuna=an 5a!an 9naD9+ ada #a79 air dan $in,a= di$ana 9naD9+ ada #a79 air adaa! $9+i ara59n dan ada #aa79 $in,a= adaa! riara59n" P9naD9+ ini di+u>u=an un+u= $9n>aa 9$aran $i=r5a ada 79diaan" S9diaan $9nandun air dan air ini $9rua=an $9dia u+a$a 9r+u$5u!an $i=r5a" An+i=7idan ,an diuna=an adaa! na+riu$ $9+a5i7u#i+ ada #a79 air dan a#a +=#9r ada #a79 $in,a=" P9na$5a!an an+i=7idan di7ini di+u>u=an un+u= $9n9a! +9r>adin,a =7ida7i" Fr$ua7i 7!a$ =9+=na69 ini $9nuna=an 5a!an 99$5u+ (9$i9n+) 59rua i79rin" Ha ini 59rda7ar=an RD9 (200/) 5a!Da daa$ #r$ua7i +i=a dan =7$9+i= i79rin u+a$an,a diuna=an 795aai 9$i9n dan !u$9=+an" Hu$9=+an di7ini >ua =a$i $9nuna=an ri9ni= ,ai+u un+u= $9n>aa =ui+ =9aa aar +9+a daa$ =9adaan 9$5a5" M9nuru+ Tunadi (2014) ara 9$5ua+an 9$u7i 79ara u$u$ ,ai+u d9nan $9nuna=an $9+d9 59=9r di$ana $9+d9 ini diuna=an >i=a 9$u7i ,an di5ua+ +9rdiri dari 2 >9ni7 ,ai+u 9$ua+r aru+ $in,a= dan aru+ air" Pr79dur =9r>a 9$5ua+an 7!a$ da$ 59n+u= 9$u7i $in,a= daa$ air ini ,ai+u diana7=an #a79 air dan #a79 $in,a= ada $a7in-$a7in 59=9r dia+a7 Da+9r 5a+! !ina 7u!u 80C un+u= #a79 $in,a= dan .0C un+u= #a79 air" Ha ini di$a=7ud=an =ar9na $in,a= 95i! a$a dinin di5andin=an d9nan air (Tunadi 2014)" HPMC dia=u=an 9ra=uan =!u7u7 ,ai+u didi79r7i=an =9 daa$ air ana7 *0-80C" K9$udian diadu= d9nan u+ra+ura d9nan =99a+an 100 r$ 79a$a * $9ni+ dan didinin=an 7a$ai 7u!u 20-2C" S9+9a! diana7=an #a79 $in,a= di$a7u==an =9 daa$ #a79 air dan dia$ur d9nan u+ra+ura" 'i+a$5a!=an a$uran +9r795u+ =9 daa$ HPMC dan diadu= ai d9nan u+ra+ura d9nan =99a+an *00 r$ 79a$a 2 $9ni+ 7a$ai !$9n" S!a$ =9+=na69 di=9$a7 daa$ =9$a7an 5+ ,an +9r+u+u raa+ dan +9rindun dari a!a,a"

A #II PENUTUP #II%& Ke./mp*lan

'aa+ di7i$u=an 5a!Da: 1" Cara $9$5ua+ 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6 ,ai+u d9nan ara di i7a!=an 5a!an #a79 air dan #a79 $in,a= au diana7=an $a7in$a7in #a79 =9$udian dia$7u==an #a79 $in,a= =9 daa$ #a79 air dan dia$ur ada u+ra+ura au dia$ur=an d9nan 9n9n+a dan di+a$5a!=an 9nr$a" 2" Cara $9$#r$ua7i 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6 ,ai+u d9nan $9na$5a!=an 6a+ +a$5a!an 799r+i 7ur#a=+an 9naD9+ 9ndaar 9n9n+a 9$i9n !u$9=+an 9nar$a" 3" Cara $9n9;aua7i 79diaan 7!a$ =9+=na6 ,ai+u u>i ran9+i7 u>i H u>i ;i7=7i+a7 u>i 55+ >9ni7 u>i +i9 9$u7i dan u>i +ini 5u7a" #II%) Sa'an

S95ai=n,a

ada 7aa+ ra=+i=u$

ra=+i=an

di!ara=an 5i7a

$9n9+a!ui 5aai$ana ara $9nuna=an aa+ ,an 5ai= dan 59nar aar daa+ $9$ini$ai7ir 59r5aai =97aa!an ,an $un=in 7a>a +9r>adi ada 7aa+ ra=+i=u$ 59ran7un"

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

'ir>9n P$" 1/8/" %arma#ope &ndonesia 'ilid &ii" a=ar+a: '9ar+9$9n K979!a+an R9u5i= Indn97ia 'ir>9n P$" 1//" %arma#ope &ndonesia 'ilid &$" a=ar+a: '9ar+9$9n K979!a+an R9u5i= Indn97ia E##inra" 2012 , E#sipien (alam !ediaan %armasi )*ara#terisasi (an pli#asi+  a=ar+a: 'ian Ra=,a+ Fai6a+un200.. %ormulasi !ediaan !ampo E#stra# Bunga Chamomile (engan Hidro#si Propil Metil !elulosa !ebagai Pengental.a=ar+a: Uni;9r7i+a7 Pana7ia" &ra9 2010" Pengaruh Pening#atan *onsentrasi Carbopol - !ebagai Bahan Pengental Terhadap /is#ositas (an *etahanan Busa !ediaan !hampo " J,a=ar+a: Uni;9r7i+a7 S9na+a '!ar$a" Nu7i,a! Ha7,i$ 2011 %ormulasi 0el (ari !ari Belimbing 1uluh" Ma=a77ar: Uni;9r7i+a7 Ha77anudin RD9 R" 200." Handboo# 2f Pharmaceutical E"cipient 3 th Edition. a7!in+n: P!ar$a9u+ia Pr977 SD99+$an"S" E+ A"200/" Martindale 43 th " Lndn: P!ar$a9u+ia Pr977" Tunadi2014" Te#nologi !ediaan Li5uida (an !emisolid "a=ar+a: Saun S9+"

LAMPIRAN

F+ 79diaan

perbaikan-laporan-shampo-3.docx

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