PART A: PELT PE LTON ON TURBINE TU RBINE 1.0 OBJECT OBJECTIVE IVE
To determine the characteristic of Pelton Turbine by using several speed. 2.0 LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOME OUTCOMES S
At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have learned to: a. Understand the the basic operating system system of the Pelton turbine. b. Understand the factors which influence the efficiency of turbine. 3.0 THEORY
A Pelton Turbine Turbine characteristic operation curve can be derived by using the same method as a pump. It is because the velocity is usually assumed as an independent parameter when the plotting of power, efficiency, efficiency, torue and discharge are carried out. !echanical Power, P P m τ
"watt# $ %otation " , Nm# Nm#
ω =
×
ω
radius ) min ,π *+ sec) min
%adius"m %adius"m#" Nm# Nm# and
"rad)s# where, - revolution is eual to P w
=
gHQ ρ
!eanwhile, 'ater Power, constant "./-m/s "./-m/s2#,
η 0
=
P m P w
H
×
&ircular velocity " , rad/sec#. rad/sec#. 'here, T $(orce" $(orce" N N #
radius.
g
ρ
where,
π
3
is water density "-++kg/m "-++kg/m #,
is gravity
Q
is head at inlet point "m " m# and
is flowrate "m "m3 /s#. /s#. 'heel efficiency, efficienc y,
× -++
x
. To convert the unit of 1rpm2 to 1radians per minute2 is given by, x
revolution)min#$" 3
π
radian#)min.
x
rpm$ "
4.0 EQUIPME EQUIPMENTS NTS
-. Pelt Pelton on Turbi urbine ne
. Tachomet ometeer
4. 5topwatch
5.0 PROCEDURES
-. . 4. 7. 9. *. .
The bell brake is is fi3ed fi3ed according according to the the '- value value "6eglect "6eglect '- $ +# +# The level level ball ball shoul should d be push push up before before the the pump pump is on. on. The The pum pump p is is swit switch ch on. on. 8pen the the valve valve controll controller er from from low level to high high level. level. The pressure pressure reading reading is obtained obtained from the the most high high sound from from the valve valve controlle controlled. d. The press pressure ure obtain obtained ed is is recor recorded. ded. The %P! reading reading is obtained obtained from the optic optic tachometer tachometer.. "The reading reading which which a freuently freuently
is recorded# /. The ' ' value value is obta obtaine ined d from from the bell bell brak brake. e. . The level level ball ball shoul should d be push pushed ed down. down. -+. The stop watch is use to obtained the time needed to reach 9 liter volume of water. water. --. The level ball should be pushed up after recording the the time. -. The valve controller controller should should be off. -4. The pump is switch switch off. -7. %epeat the procedure procedure according according to the ne3t '- valve. valve.
6.0 RESULT AND CULCULATION CULCULATION
Table Table *.- %esults of Pelton Pelton Turbine e3periment
% P!
9-7.
//4.7
*.+
7/99.*
47+7.
-/9.
*.7+
/9.99
/+4.4
9+/.7/
49*.7
+./
+
- .+
.+
4 .+
7 .+
9. +
+
- ./
4 ./
9 .9
* .
/. 4
+
+ ./
- ./
.9
.
4. 4
4+
4+
4+
4+
4+
4+
+
+.+7
+.+97
+.+9
+.+/
+.+
+
-./-
74.7-
4/.-7
4-.+-
+.9/
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
4
4
4
4
.-3-+=7
.-3-+=7
.-3-+=7
.-3-+=7
.-3-+=7
.-3-+=7
+3-+*
+ 3-+*
+ 3-+*
+ 3-+*
+ 3-+*
+ 3-+*
747+
747+
747+
747+
747+
747+
+
+.7*
-.++
+.//
+.-
+.7
ω
"rad)s# '- "6#
' "6#
' ;'- "6#
"6m# Pm"'#
>olume "l#
Time"s#
(lowrate "m4)s#
Pressure "m?8# Pw "'#
η
@fficiency
"0#
.0 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS DAT DATA
%P!$ //4.7 '-$ -.+ '$ -./ >olume $ +.++9m4 Time$ 4s Pressure $ + 3-+*
-. &ircul &ircular ar veloci velocity ty,, $ %P! %P! 3Br 3Brad) ad)min min $ //4.7 3 Brad)min ! /9.99rad)s . ' = '- $ -./ ; -.+ $ +./ 6 4. %ota %otati tion on,, C $ load load "' "' ; '-# 3 drum radius "4+3-+=4# $ "+./# 3 4+3-+=4 $ +.+7 6m 7. !echanical !echanical Power, Power, Pm $ "%otati "%otation, on, C# 3 "&ircular "&ircular velocity velocity,, # $ +.+7 6m 3 /9.99 rad)s $ -./-watt 9. (low (lowra rate te,, D $ >o >olume lume "-+=4m4# ) Time "s# $ +.++9 3 .-3-+=7 $ -.+/9 3 -+=* m4)s *. 'ater ater Powe Power, r, Pw $ "Pre "Pressu ssure re 3 -+*# 3 "flow rate# $ +3-+* 3.-3-+=7 $747+ watt η
. @ff @fficie icienc ncy y,
$ "Pm)Pw# 3 -++ $ "-./- ) 747+# 3 -++ $ +.7*0
".0 DISCUSSION DISCUSSION AND AND QUESTION QUESTION
-. Plot Plot grap graph h of: of: a. the the rot rotat atio ion n pow power er curv curvee
b. efficiency curve
c. disc discha harg rgee versu versuss moto motorr speed speed
.
Eive a comment on the graph obtained
•
•
•
Eraph of %otation Power &urve (orm the graph, we can see that the %P! is decreased when the rotation is increased. Fowest %P! value was achieved when the rotation was reached the ma3imum value. 5o, the rotation of turbine affected the %P! value. Eraph of @fficiency &urve Gased on the efficiency graph, we can see that when the efficiency increased, the %P! will decreased. The ma3imum power achieved, the efficiency will be ma3imum. Eraph of discharge versus motor speed (rom the graph, we can see that the discharge is constant with the motor speed. 'hen the %P! is decreasing, the flowrate will constant.
4. &alculate &alculate the velocity velocity where where the ma3imum ma3imum power power is reached. reached. Eive Eive your comment comment based based on the level of ma3imum efficiency. Pm $ "%otation, C# 3 "&ircular velocity, # &ircular velocity $ "Pm)%otation# $ -./- watt ) ++76m $ /9.7 rad)s 7. 5tate five five "9# safety safety factors factors that that have been been taken taken in the e3perimentH e3perimentH The Pelton turbine machine have been ensured in good condition before e3periment started. The e3periment must be conduct properly to make sure incident not happen because this e3periment involved the electricity and water. All group member must read and understand the manual sheet before make an e3periment to avoid inuries while conducting the e3periment. 'hile the %P! reading taken b y using tachometer, must beware to avoid inuries •
as if hand or fingers touched the moving belt brake wheel. Gefore turned off the switch, make sure our hand in dry condition to avoid electric shocked that could be dangerous.
#.0 CONCLU CONCLUSION SION
The numerical analysis of flow in the Pelton turbine was performed for several operating points. 8n the basic of the results it can be conclude: Accurate calculation of et thickness and velocity is crucial for prediction of Pelton turbine efficiency. Too Too coarse grid greatly influences the results and is on e of the most important reasons.
