PATHOLOGY
Choose the best answer. 1. A 54-year old female has a blood pressure of 160/95 mmHg. mmHg. f th!s pers!sts pers!sts for many years" wh!#h of the follow!ng #hanges w!ll be seen !n the heart$ A. hyperplas!a %. metaplas!a C. hypertrophy &. atrophy '()* 95 +. A 59-year old male e,per!en#ed sudden substernal #hest pa!n after thrombos!s of the left anter!or des#end!ng artery. artery. H!s serum #reat!n!ne !nase was eleated. h!#h of the follow!ng patterns of #ell !nury !s most l!ely$ A. fat ne#ros!s %. l!uefa#t!e ne#ros!s C. #aseous ne#ros!s &. #oagulat!e ne#ros!s '()* 95 2. A##umulat!on of #al#!um #al#!um !n the renal tubular ep!thel!um ep!thel!um of pat!ents w!th pr!mary hyperparathyro!d!sm !s the result of wh!#h of the follow!ng pro#esses$ A. #ellular ag!ng %. metastat!# #al#!f!#at!on C. dystroph!# #al#!f!#at!on &. renal tubular atrophy '()* 30 4. he nonpregnant uterus of a +2-year +2-year old female female measured , 5 , 4 #m. he be#ame pregnant and at term her uterus measured 26 , 1 , 12 #m. h!#h of the follow!ng #hanges e,pla!ns the !n#rease !n the s!7e of the uterus$ A. myometr!al smooth mus#le hypertrophy %. endometr!al stromal hypertrophy C. endometr!al glandular hyperplas!a &. as#ular endothel!al hyperplas!a '()* 5 5. A 2+-year old male #hef a##!dently tou#hed tou#hed a hot port!on of the #oo!ng pan he was us!ng. !th!n !th!n a few hours" there was mared erythema of the affe#ted affe#ted area and a bl!ster started to form. h!#h of the follow!ng types of !nflammat!on !nflammat!on des#r!bes the o##urren#e$ A. f!br!nous !nflammat!on %. purulent !nflammat!on C. granulomatous !nflammat!on &. serous !nflammat!on '()* 90
6. A 36-year old female deeloped taphylo#o##al pneumon!a for wh!#h she was g!en a #ourse of ant!b!ot!# therapy. en days later" she no longer had produ#t!e #ough but feer pers!sted. Chest ,-ray showed a 2-#m" rounded dens!ty !n the r!ght lower lobe whose l!uef!ed #ontents form a #entral a!r-flu!d leel. h!#h of the follow!ng out#omes of her pneumon!a o##urred$ A. abs#ess format!on %. regenerat!on C. progress!on to #hron!# !nflammat!on &. f!bros!s '()* 65 3. A 5-year old female w!th #ongest!e heart fa!lure deelops feer and pleural effus!on. (leural flu!d e,am!nat!on reealed a spe#!f!# gra!ty of 1.02+ and many degenerat!ng neutroph!ls. he most l!ely #ause of flu!d a##umulat!on !s an !n#rease !n A. as#ular permeab!l!ty %. #ollo!d osmot!# pressure C. lymphat!# pressure &. renal retent!on of sod!um and water '()* 35 . A 2+-year old female taes asp!r!n for her arthr!t!s. Her o!nt pa!n !s redu#ed and there !s st!ll some degree of swell!ng and l!m!tat!on of moements. Asp!r!n lessens pa!n ma!nly through redu#t!on !n the synthes!s of wh!#h of the follow!ng med!ators$ A. leuotr!ene &4 %. n!tr!# o,!de C. prostagland!ns &. h!stam!ne '()* 0 9. A la#erat!on !n the r!ght hand of a ++-year old male was sutured. A wee later" the sutures were remoed and heal!ng #ont!nued. Howeer" the s!te of the wound deeloped a ra!sed" nodular s#ar that deeloped oer the follow!ng + months. hat pro#ess o##urred$ A. wound deh!s#en#e %. e,uberant granulat!on C. organ!7at!on &. elo!d format!on '()* 90 10. A 44-year old male underwent laparotomy for a perforated s!gmo!d #olon d!ert!#ulum. A wound !nfe#t!on #ompl!#ated the postoperat!e #ourse" and surg!#al wound deh!s#en#e o##urred. !, wees later" the wound was only 108 of !ts or!g!nal s!7e. h!#h of the follow!ng pro#esses best a##ounts for the de#rease !n wound s!7e$ A. !nh!b!t!on of metalloprote!nases %. d!m!n!shed sub#utaneous edema C. myof!broblast #ontra#t!on &. greater synthes!s of #ollagen '()* 65
11. n wh!#h of the follow!ng organs !s an arter!al thromboembolus least l!ely to produ#e an !nfar#t$ A. !dney %. heart C. bra!n &. l!er '()* 30 1+. A 44-year old female was d!agnosed w!th breast #ar#!noma. he affe#ted left breast !s #oered by th!#ened" p!tted oerly!ng s!n and !s sl!ghtly larger than the un!noled r!ght breast. How !s the gross appearan#e of the left breast best e,pla!ned$ A. #hron!# pass!e #ongest!on %. #hron!# !nflammat!on C. lymphat!# obstru#t!on &. enous thrombos!s '()* 30 12. A se#t!on through a bran#h of the r!ght ma!n pulmonary artery at autopsy reeals a band of f!brous #onne#t!e t!ssue that e,tends a#ross the lumen. h!#h of the follow!ng eents best e,pla!ns the presen#e of th!s f!nd!ng$ A. thromboembol!sm %. hemorrhage C. hypertens!on &. !s#hem!a '()* 95 14. A +4-year old male has a worup for !nfert!l!ty and !s found to hae ol!gosperm!a. (hys!#al e,am!nat!on f!nd!ngs !n#lude b!lateral gyne#omast!a" redu#ed test!#ular s!7e" and redu#ed body ha!r. aryotyp!# analys!s w!ll most l!ely reeal wh!#h of the follow!ng abnormal!t!es$ A. 43"::; %. 43":;; C. 46":;"del<++11= &. 46::/43::">+1 '()* 50 15. 'ult!fa#tor!al !nher!tan#e !s most l!ely to play a s!gn!f!#ant role !n the appearan#e of A. 'arfan syndrome %. #left l!p C. poly#yst!# !dneys &. ay-a#hs d!sease '()* 55 16. An -year old female #an bend her thumb ba# to tou#h her forearm. he #an pull her s!n out from her abdomen about #m" and a #ut to her s!n gapes open and !s d!ff!#ult to repa!r. Her underly!ng d!sease pro#ess results from an !nher!ted defe#t !n A. )&) re#eptor %. fa#tor ? C. alpha1-ant!tryps!n &. #ollagen '()* 30
13. A ++-year old female has pan#ytopen!a" prote!nur!a and a malar rash. A #hest rad!ograph reeals b!lateral pleural effus!ons. h!#h of the follow!ng f!nd!ngs !s most l!ely to be el!#!ted !n the h!story$ A. ,erostom!a %. photosens!t!!ty C. urethr!t!s &. esophageal dysmot!l!ty '()* 60 1. n a type hypersens!t!!ty rea#t!on" wh!#h of the follow!ng #ells se#retes #yto!nes that st!mulate g@ produ#t!on by % #ells" promotes mast #ell growth" an d re#ru!ts and a#t!ates eos!noph!ls$ A. C&4> lympho#ytes %. ma#rophages C. neutroph!ls &. #ells '()* 50 19. A 24-year old male nown to be !nfe#ted w!th H? beg!ns to hae d!ff!#ulty w!th a#t!!t!es of da!ly l!!ng. He has memory problems and de#reased ab!l!ty to perform fun#t!ons that reu!re f!ne motor #ontrol" su#h as wr!t!ng. h!#h of the follow!ng #ells !s most !mportant for the d!ssem!nat!on of the !nfe#t!on !nto the #entral nerous system$ A. neutroph!l %. mono#yte C. #ell &. C&> lympho#yte '()* 65 +0. A as#ul!t!s affe#ts arter!es !n many !s#eral organs of a +3-year old male. here !s fo#al f!br!no!d ne#ros!s of the small arter!al and arter!olar as#ular med!a along w!th !ntraas#ular m!#rothromb!. #attered neutroph!ls are seen !n these areas of ne#ros!s. h!#h of the follow!ng laboratory test f!nd!ngs would you most e,pe#t for th!s pat!ent$ A. neutropen!a %. !n#reased g@ C. tuber#ul!n s!n test pos!t!!ty &. de#reased C2 #omplement '()* 60 +1. A 2-year old male w!th a 15-year h!story of !ntraenous drug use deeloped a #hron!# watery d!arrhea #aused by Cryptospor!d!um parum. he later deeloped oral #and!d!as!s followed by (neumo#yst!s pneumon!a. h!#h of the follow!ng neoplasms !s most l!ely to deelop !n th!s pat!ent$ A. #er!#al suamous #ar#!noma %. non-Hodg!n lymphoma C. adeno#ar#!noma of the lung &. #erebral astro#ytoma '()* 65
++. A 40-year old male w!th blood type %> re#e!es a blood transfus!on. Bnnow!ngly" blood from another pat!ent w!th blood type A> was used for #ompat!b!l!ty test!ng pr!or to the transfus!on. !th!n 20 m!nutes after start!ng the transfus!on" the pat!ent be#omes ta#hy#ard!# and hypotens!e and passes tea-#olored ur!ne. How !s th!s rea#t!on med!ated$ A. mast #ell degranulat!on %. ant!gen-ant!body #omple, depos!t!on !n glomerul! C. #omplement-med!ated lys!s of red blood #ells &. ant!body-dependent #ellular #ytoto,!#!ty '()* 30 +2. A 14-year old female !s d!agnosed w!th a#ute tons!ll!t!s wh!#h grows group A betahemolyt!# trepto#o##us. he tons!ll!t!s resoles but 2 wees later" she deelops #hest pa!n w!th feer. Her A t!ter !s 1*51+. %y wh!#h of the follow!ng !mmunolog!# me#han!sms has the #ard!t!s deeloped$ A. poly#lonal lympho#yte a#t!at!on %. release of seuestered ant!gens C. breadown of -#ell anergy &. mole#ular m!m!#ry '()* 45 +4. A 46-year old female has erato#onun#t!!t!s. he also has oral mu#osal atrophy w!th bu##al mu#osal ul#erat!on. A b!opsy of her l!p reeals mared lympho#yt!# and plasma #ell !nf!ltrates !n m!nor sal!ary glands. h!#h of the follow!ng ant!bod!es !s most l!ely to be found for th!s pat!ent$ A. ant!-#entromere ant!body %. -% C. #l-30 &. ant!-ds&A '()* 45 +5. A b!opsy of an enlarged" nontender poster!or #er!#al lymph node from a 6+-year old female reeals effa#ement of the nodal ar#h!te#ture by a monomorphous populat!on of large #ells w!th large" dar blue nu#le! and s#ant #ytoplasm. he per!pheral blood smear and bone marrow b!opsy are normal. h!s pro#ess !s most l!ely to be a A. myeloma %. rea#t!e hyperplas!a C. lymphoma &. lymphang!oma '()* 65 +6. A 6+-year old male who presented w!th hematur!a was re#ently d!agnosed w!th a grade ? trans!t!onal #ell #ar#!noma that has !nf!ltrated through the bladder wall. h!#h of the follow!ng statements regard!ng the f!nd!ngs !s true$ A. He has a pooly d!fferent!ated tumor. %. he neoplasm !s metastat!#. C. he stage of th!s tumor !s low. &. A paraneoplast!# syndrome !s apparent. '()* 30
+3. h!#h of the follow!ng d!agnost!# s#reen!ng tests has had the greatest !mpa#t on redu#t!on of #an#er deaths$ A. ur!nalys!s %. (ap smear C. stool o##ult blood &. prostate-spe#!f!# ant!gen '()* 90 +. A 6-year old male who !s pos!t!e for H%sAg has an eleated alpha-fetoprote!n leel. here are no palpable masses or lymphadenopathy on phys!#al e,am!nat!on. ##ult blood !n stool !s negat!e. h!#h of the follow!ng neoplasms !s most l!ely$ A. pan#reat!# adeno#ar#!noma %. prostat!# adeno#ar#!noma C. hepato#ellular #ar#!noma &. mult!ple myeloma '()* 95 +9. Annual #he#-up of a 63-year old male reeals pan#ytopen!a on C%C and a serum #hem!stry panel w!th eleated alal!ne phosphatase. After a serum prostate-spe#!f!# ant!gen leel !s found to be eleated" he has a prostate needle b!opsy wh!#h reeals a moderately d!fferent!ated adeno#ar#!noma. h!#h of the follow!ng me#han!sms best a##ounts for these f!nd!ngs$ A. paraneoplast!# syndrome %. tumor metastases to bone C. tumor ang!ogenes!s &. h!gh tumor grade '()* 0 20. A watery d!arrhea !s #aus!ng dehydrat!on of a 1-year old !nfant. he attend!ng phys!#!an eentually d!agnosed the #ase as !ral gastroenter!t!s. h!#h of the follow!ng me#han!sms a##ounts for the d!arrhea$ A. de#reased absorpt!on of sod!um and water %. lys!s of #olon!# ep!thel!al #ells C. !n#reased se#ret!on of sod!um and water b y ep!thel!al #ells &. de#reased breadown of la#tose '()* 65 21. A 12-year old female deeloped a rash oer her #hest that started as 0.5 #m-d!ameter" redd!sh ma#ules. n a day or so" the ma#ules be#ame es!#les. A few days later" the es!#les ruptured and #rusted oer. Crops of these les!ons spread to !nole the fa#e and e,trem!t!es oer the ne,t 10 days. &e#ades later" wh!#h of the follow!ng man!festat!ons of th!s !nfe#t!on !s most l!ely to appear$ A. !nfert!l!ty %. sh!ngles C. #hron!# arthr!t!s &. paralys!s '()* 35
2+. A 4-year old r!#e farmer be#omes !nfe#ted by #er#ar!a that penetrate the s!n of h!s feet. he #er#ar!a are released from sna!ls l!!ng !n the !rr!gat!on #anals. He deelops progress!e as#!tes. h!#h of the follow!ng d!sease pro#ess !s respons!ble for the #l!n!#al f!nd!ng$ A. elephant!as!s %. hepat!# f!bros!s C. mu#o#utaneous ul#erat!on &. hemolys!s '()* 65 22. A su!#!dal !ngest!on of a#etam!nophen results !n symptoms of nausea and om!t!ng !n a +4-year old female. !th!n a day" wh!#h of the follow!ng laboratory test results w!ll !nd!#ate the most seere organ damage$ A. etonur!a %. hypoalem!a C. eleated serum A) leel &. eleated serum #reat!ne !nase leel '()* 65 24. A basal #ell #ar#!noma !s e,#!sed from the left lower eyel!d of a 6-year old male. h!#h of the follow!ng forms of ele#tromagnet!# rad!at!on played the greatest role !n the deelopment of th!s neoplasm$ A. !nfrared rays %. ,-rays C. gamma rays &. ultra!olet rays '()* 30 25. Chron!# al#ohol!#s are at !n#reased r!s for wh!#h of the follow!ng d!sorders$ A. bl!ndness %. #ar#!noma of the stoma#h C. #ar#!noma of the esophagus &. a#ute renal fa!lure '()* 65 26. oon after b!rth" a 40-wee baby has a heart murmur aud!ble on aus#ultat!on of the #hest. n e#ho#ard!ography there !s a membranous entr!#ular septal defe#t. h!#h of the follow!ng eents !s most l!ely to hae resulted !n the appearan#e of th!s ?&$ A. erythroblastos!s fetal!s %. folate def!#!en#y C. maternal malnutr!t!on &. maternal rubella !nfe#t!on '()* 65 23. A large port-w!ne sta!n !noles the r!ght s!de of the fa#e of a 2-year old #h!ld. h!s !rregular" sl!ghtly ra!sed" red-blue area !s not pa!nful" but !s ery d!sf!gur!ng. H!stolog!#ally" th!s les!on !s most l!ely #omposed of a prol!ferat!on of A. lymphat!#s %. #ap!llar!es C. f!broblasts &. lymphoblasts '()* 65
2. h!#h of the follow!ng !s a maor r!s fa#tor for #oronary atheros#leros!s$ A. d!abetes mell!tus %. obes!ty C. type A personal!ty &. sedentary l!festyle '()* 30 29. eeral s!n les!ons on the upper #hest of a 45-year old male hae #entral pulsat!le #ores. (ress!ng on a #ore #auses a rad!ally arranged array of sub#utaneous arter!oles to blan#h. he underly!ng d!sease he !s most l!ely to hae !n asso#!at!on w!th these s!n les!ons !s A. m!#ronodular #!rrhos!s %. egener granulomatos!s C. 'arfan syndrome &. d!abetes mell!tus '()* 45 40. A 49-year old pre!ously healthy female reports ha!ng had seeral fa!nt!ng spells !n the last 6 months. n ea#h #ase" she rega!ned #ons#!ousness after only a few m!nutes. Her blood pressure !s normal. he has good #arot!d pulses w!th no bru!ts. h!#h of the follow!ng #ard!a# les!ons !s most l!ely to be present$ A. left atr!al my,oma %. per!#ard!al effus!on C. m!tral ale stenos!s &. b!#usp!d aort!# ale '()* 25 41. he feature most !mportant !n d!st!ngu!sh!ng a mal!gnant from a ben!gn tumor !s* A. h!gh m!tot!# rate %. presen#e of ne#ros!s C. presen#e of metastas!s &. nu#lear pleomorph!sm '()* 5 4+. he most rel!able h!stopatholog!# e!den#e of #hron!#!ty !n an !nflammatory pro#ess !n the l!er !s the presen#e of* A. lympho#yt!# !nf!ltrates %. b!le du#t destru#t!on C. Coun#!lman bod!es &. f!bros!s '()* 0
42. A +5-year old man who adm!ts to long term use of !ne#t!on drugs presents to your off!#e w!th fat!gue and mult!ple ra!sed" purpl!sh s!n and bu##al mu#osal les!ons. ;ou b!opsy one of the s!n les!ons and the patholog!st reports that there !s a as#ular prol!ferat!on #hara#ter!7ed by sl!t-l!e essels l!ned by ery atyp!#al sp!ndle #ellsD e,traasated E%Cs and e,tra#ellular hemos!der!n depos!t!on are also noted. ;our pat!ent has wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. ba#!llary ep!thel!o!d ang!omatos!s %. apos!Fs sar#oma C. glomus tumor &. suamous #ell #ar#!noma '()* 35 44. A +0-year old male has a bra#h!al artery blood pressure of +00/140 mm Hg but blood pressure measured at the anter!or t!b!al artery !s 90/50. he best e,planat!on !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. etralogy of Gallot %. entr!#ular septal defe#t C. #oar#tat!on of the aorta &. patent du#tus arter!osus '()* 30 45. A 65-year old man w!th long-stand!ng #!garette smo!ng h!story presents w!th a #ough and we!ght loss. ;ou order #hest ,-ray e,am!nat!on and th!s shows a large h!lar mass. A pulmonolog!st performs bron#hos#opy" and the patholog!stFs report des#r!bes a les!on #omposed of small round #ells" w!th a ery h!gh nu#lear/#ytoplasm!# rat!o" !n#onsp!#uous nu#leol!" nu#lear mold!ng" and no e!den#e for gland format!on" prom!nent !nter#ellular br!dges or erat!n!7at!on. ;our pat!ent has wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. small #ell anaplast!# #ar#!noma %. suamous #ell #ar#!noma C. adeno#ar#!noma &. hamartoma '()* 35 46. 'ost hered!tary sphero#ytoses are #hara#ter!7ed by a de#reased amount of wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. alpha glob!n %. beta glob!n C. spe#tr!n &. glu#ose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase '()* 35 43. ntest!nal !ntussus#ept!on !n a m!ddle-aged person !s most l!ely asso#!ated w!th wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. an adenomatous polyp %. no other !ntest!nal d!seases C. a #ar#!no!d tumor &. CrohnFs d!sease '()* 30
4. 'unro m!#roabs#esses are #lass!#ally seen !n wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. psor!as!s %. l!#hen planus C. my#os!s fungo!des &. seborrhe!# dermat!t!s '()* 65 49. Ant!glomerular basement membrane ant!bod!es are most l!ely to play a role !n the deelopment of wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. membranous nephropathy %. oodpastureFs syndrome C. m!n!mal #hange d!sease &. nodular glomerulos#leros!s '()* 65 50. he most #ommon sar#oma of #h!ldhood !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. mal!gnant f!brous h!st!o#ytoma %. syno!al sar#oma C. @w!ngFs sar#oma &. rhabdomyosar#oma '()* 65 51. A 15-year old male presents w!th #ompla!nts of seere pa!n !n the pro,!mal t!b!a that awaens h!m at n!ght. h!s has been rel!eed w!th asp!r!n. A small les!on !s !dent!f!ed on ,-ray f!lm w!th s#lerot!# marg!ns and a #entral lyt!# area. urg!#al remoal !s performed. he most l!ely h!stolog!# f!nd!ngs are wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. mal!gnant osteoblasts form!ng osteo!d and bone %. normal appear!ng #art!lage C. a n!dus of woen bone trabe#ulae !n osteo!d &. metastat!# adeno#ar#!noma of the lung '()* 40 5+. n u!lla!n-%arre syndrome" the !nflammat!on !s #aused by wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. a #onent!onal !rus !nfe#t!on of the a,on %. a slow-!rus !nfe#t!on of the a,on C. a slow-!rus !nfe#t!on of the sp!nal #ord &. an auto!mmune delayed hypersens!t!!ty atta# d!re#ted aga!nst myel!n '()* 50 52. 'yasthen!a gra!s !s #hara#ter!7ed by all of the follow!ng @:C@(* A. def!#!en#y !n the amount of released a#etyl#hol!ne at the term!nal a,on %. asso#!ated thym!# hyperplas!a or thymoma C. #!r#ulat!ng ant!bod!es aga!nst a#etyl#hol!ne &. motor end-plate damage '()* 50
54. An -year old #h!ld !s found to hae pap!lledema and a neoplasm w!th!n the fourth entr!#le" blo#!ng the outflow of #erebrosp!nal flu!d. t !s most l!ely to be wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. a gl!oblastoma mult!forme %. an ependymoma C. a #ollo!d #yst &. a medulloblastoma '()* 65 55. he most spe#!f!# abnormal!ty !n Al7he!merFs d!sease !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. sen!le plaue %. #erebral amylo!d ang!opathy C. !ntragangl!on!# neurof!br!llary tangle &. H!rano bod!es '()* 50 56. he #lass!#al #l!n!#al present!ng #ompla!nt for a breast !ntradu#tal pap!lloma !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. bloody n!pple d!s#harge %. peau dForange s!n #hanges C. a red" f!rm" pa!nful mass &. enlargement of !ps!lateral a,!llary lymph nodes '()* 30 53. A 25-year old woman presents to you w!th substant!al abnormal uter!ne bleed!ng and pel!# d!s#omfort. ;ou perform a pel!# e,am!nat!on and note an enlarged uterus w!th mult!ple large nodular masses. h!s pat!ent most l!ely has wh!#h of the follow!ng les!ons$ A. l!poma %. le!omyomata C. endometr!al adeno#ar#!noma &. sar#oma botryo!des '()* 5 5. he type of pr!mary oar!an #an#er w!th the h!ghest rate of b!lateral!ty !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. serous #ystadeno#ar#!noma %. mu#!nous #ystadeno#ar#!noma C. #lear #ell #ar#!noma &. endometr!o!d #ar#!noma '()* 30 59. A 65-year old man presents to your off!#e w!th !n#reased ur!nary freuen#y" no#tur!a" ur!nary dr!bbl!ng and d!ff!#ulty start!ng h!s ur!nary stream. h!s #l!n!#al s#enar!o !s most #ompat!ble w!th wh!#h of the follow!ng underly!ng d!seases$ A. prostate #an#er %. ur!nary bladder #an#er C. ur!nary bladder !nfe#t!on &. prostat!# nodular hyperplas!a '()* 5
60. nf!ltrat!e ophthalmopathy !s #hara#ter!st!# of wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. raesF d!sease %. Hash!motoFs thyro!d!t!s C. p!tu!tary adenoma &. type 1 d!abetes mell!tus '()* 5 61. A 21-year old woman w!th une,pla!ned we!ght ga!n result!ng !n #entral obes!ty" m!ld hypertens!on" !mpa!red glu#ose toleran#e and redu#ed bone mass has eleated morn!ng plasma #ort!sol not suppressed by low dose de,amethasone. h!s pat!ent has wh!#h of the follw!ng$ A. Add!sonFs d!sease %. ConnFs syndrome C. Cush!ngFs syndrome &. CaplanFs syndrome '()* 0 6+. he en!ronmental fa#tor most l!ely to !ndu#e type d!abetes mell!tus !n a genet!#ally sus#ept!ble !nd!!dual !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. Co,sa#!e!rus % !nfe#t!on %. e,#ess #alor!# !ntae C. !nsuff!#!ent d!etary !od!ne &. therapeut!# use of synthet!# glu#o#ort!#o!ds '()* 55 62. &egradat!on of &A to nu#leosome-s!7ed fragments !s #hara#ter!st!# of wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. apoptos!s %. dysplas!a C. #oagulat!e ne#ros!s &. l!uefa#t!e ne#ros!s '()* 60 64. A young female suffers mult!ple" b!lateral fra#tures of the femur after be!ng stru# by a #ar wh!le #ross!ng an !nterse#t!on. wo days after adm!ss!on she deelops dyspnea" #onfus!on and #onun#t!al pete#h!a and d!es. he most l!ely f!nd!ng at autopsy !s wh!#h of the follow!ng$ A. mult!ple pulmonary embol! %. w!despread fat embol! of lung" bra!n and !dney C. asp!rat!on pneumon!a and m!#roas#ular thromb! from d!ssem!nated !ntraas#ular #lott!ng &. o##ult endo#ard!t!s w!th w!despread sept!# embol!7at!on from egetat!ons '()* 30 65. ?!r#howFs tr!ad
66. n myo#ard!al !s#hem!a" !rreers!bly !nured myof!bers are d!st!ngu!shable by* A. #ytoplasm!# fatty #hange %. #ellular swell!ng C. #ontra#t!on bands !n the #ytoplasm &. #lump!ng of nu#lear #hromat!n '()* 55 63. h!#h of the follow!ng s!tuat!ons !s the most #ommon out#ome of an a#ute myo#ard!al !nfar#t!on$ A. sudden #ard!a# death %. left entr!#ular #ongest!e fa!lure C. #ard!ogen!# sho# &. #ard!a# arrhythm!as '()* 65 6. n wh!#h of the types of as#ul!t!s l!sted below !s the lung the pr!mary target of !nolement$ A. egenerFs granulomatos!s %. (olyarter!t!s nodosa C. Heno#h-#honle!n purpura &. awasa! syndrome '()* 60 69. h!#h of the follow!ng !s a #hara#ter!st!# gross feature of ben!gn pe pt!# ul#ers$ A. small s!7e %. !rregular marg!ns C. a smooth base &. rad!al arrangement of surround!ng mu#osal folds '()* 65 30. Car#!noma of the pan#reas* A. ar!ses from pan#reat!# a#!nar #ells %. o##urs most often !n the ta!l of the pan#reas C. !s asso#!ated w!th spontaneous enous thrombos!s &. !s usually #ured by total pan#reate#tomy '()* 65 31. he most !mportant prognost!# feature !n !nas!e breast #an#er !s* A. the grade of the tumor %. the h!stolog!# type of the tumor C. the s!7e of the tumor &. the status of the dra!n!ng lymph nodes '()* 65 3+. A h!gh leel of estrogen re#eptors !n a breast #an#er !s l!ely to be asso#!ated w!th* A. therapeut!# response of the tumor to tamo,!fen %. a poorer oerall prognos!s #ompared to estrogen re#eptor-negat!e tumors C. both are #orre#t &. both are !n#orre#t '()* 60
32. A pat!ent not!#es a deeply p!gmented" ra!sed nodule w!th !ndef!n!te borders on the upper e,trem!ty. h!#h of the follow!ng les!ons #an be ruled out on #l!n!#al !nspe#t!on$ A. basal #ell #ar#!noma %. seborrhe!# eratos!s C. blue neus &. lent!go s!mple, '()* 20 34. A woman fa!ls to la#tate or menstruate after g!!ng b!rth. h!#h of the follow!ng !s the most l!ely #ause$ A. heehanFs syndrome %. @mpty sella syndrome C. Hypothalam!# gl!oma &. prola#t!noma '()* 45 35. he most #ommon #ause of the Isyndrome of !nappropr!ate ant!d!uret!# hormoneJ se#ret!on !s* A. subdural hematoma %. p!tu!tary adenoma C. oat #ell #ar#!noma of the lung &. rad!at!on !nury to the hypothalamus '()* 50 36. A 20-year old female re#oer!ng from a bout of !nfluen7a suddenly deelops a pa!nful" enlarged thyro!d. he most l!ely d!agnos!s !s* A. Ee!delFs thyro!d!t!s %. thyro!d abs#ess C. suba#ute granulomatous thyro!d!t!s &. Hash!motoFs thyro!d!t!s '()* 45 33. he blood essel most #ommonly !noled !n myo#ard!al !nfar#t!on !s* A. #!r#le of !ll!s %. left anter!or des#end!ng #oronary artery C. lateral #!r#umfle, bran#h of the aorta &. r!ght #oronary '()* 99 3. he most #ommon s!te of lyt!# les!ons !n mul!ple myeloma !s the* A. r!bs %. ertebrae C pel!s &. sull '()* 30
39. !mmelst!el-!lson les!ons are #hara#ter!st!#ally seen !n wh!#h d!sease$ A. #hron!# pan#reat!t!s %. a#ute hemorrhag!# pan#reat!t!s C. d!abetes mell!tus &. system!# lupus erythematosus '()* 55 0. Atheromatous plaues most hea!ly !nole* A. thora#!# aorta %. abdom!nal aorta C. #oronary artery &. #!r#le of !ll!s '()* 65 1. ystem!# lupus erythematosus g!es r!se to all of the follow!ng patterns of glomerular !nury @:C@(* A. fo#al prol!ferat!e glomerulonephr!t!s %. d!ffuse membranous glomerulonephr!t!s C. l!po!d nephros!s &. mesang!al prol!ferat!e glomerulonephr!t!s '()* 25 +. All of the follow!ng statements #orre#tly d es#r!be #hron!# pyelonephr!t!s @:C@(* A. t #auses asymmetr!#ally s#arred !dneys. %. t !s asso#!ated w!th es!#oureteral reflu, !n most #ases. C. t typ!#ally produ#es thyro!d!7at!on of tubules. &. t #hara#ter!st!#ally spares the #aly#es and pel!s. '()* 65 2. Hyperaldosteron!sm asso#!ated w!th an adrenal adenoma !s nown as* A. elsonFs syndrome %. ConnFs syndrome C. Cush!ngFs syndrome &. %artterFs syndrome '()* 30 4. 'ost females born w!th +1-hydro,ylase def!#!en#y would be e,pe#ted to hae all of the follow!ng @:C@(* A. #l!toral hypertrophy %. redu#ed leels of aldosterone C. hypernatrem!a &. eleated adreno#ort!#otroph!# hormone leels '()* 25 5. Chara#ter!st!# features of @w!ngFs sar#oma !n#lude all of the follow!ng @:C@(* A. o##urren#e pr!mar!ly !n #h!ldhood. %. der!at!on from lympho#yt!# #ell l!ne pre#ursors C. per!od!# a#!d-#h!ff pos!t!e #ytoplasm!# granules &. typ!#ally ar!ses !n the metaphyses of long tubular b ones '()* 45
6. 'en!ng!omas #ommonly are asso#!ated w!th all of the follow!ng patholog!# features @:C@(* A. !rregular !nf!ltrat!e borders %. penetrat!on of ada#ent bone C. psammoma bod!es &. e,press!on of ep!thel!al membrane ant!gen '()* 45 3. h!#h of the follow!ng statements #orre#tly des#r!be ple,!form neurof!bromas$ A. hey are d!agnost!# of neurof!bromatos!s type . %. hey hae s!gn!f!#ant potent!al for mal!gnant transformat!on. C. both are #orre#t &. both are !n#orre#t '()* 45 . n add!t!on to nephroto,!# !nury" the other maor #ause of a#ute tubular ne#ros!s !s* A. seps!s %. !s#hem!a C. seere hypo#omplementenem!a &. !mmune #omple, depos!t!on '()* 55 9. A mal!gnan#y wh!#h !s apparently !rus-related and #ommonly seen !n pat!ents of Ch!nese an#estry !s* A. esophagea #ar#!noma %. adamant!noma C. %ur!tts lymphoma &. nasopharyngeal #ar#!noma '()* 55 90. h!#h of the follow!ng does #hara#ter!st!#ally #ause fatty #hange !n the l!er$ A. d!abetes mell!tus %. EeyeFs syndrome C. tetra#y#l!ne to,!#!ty &. a#ute hepat!t!s % '()* 55 91. h!#h of the follow!ng h!stolog!# features of hepato#ellular !nury !s prognost!#ally )@A faorable$ A. b!le lae format!on %. #ollagen format!on C. balloon!ng of hepato#ytes &. lobular !nflammatory #ell !nf!ltrates '()* 50 9+. All of the follow!ng features are #hara#ter!st!# of hepat!# en#ephalopathy @:C@(* A. o##urs w!th #!rrhot!# portal hypertens!on %. does not o##ur when serum ammon!a leels are normal C. #hara#ter!st!#ally #auses aster!,!s &. freuently !s asso#!ated w!th general!7ed #erebral edema '()* 50
92. Chron!# bron#h!t!s !s asso#!ated w!th all of the follow!ng patholog!# #hanges @:C@(* A. goblet #ell hyperplas!a !n bron#h! %. hypertrophy of bron#h!al submu#osal glands C. !nflammatory !nf!ltrat!on of aleolar walls &. goblet #ell metaplas!a !n bron#h!oles '()* 50 94. he follow!ng statements #orre#tly des#r!be Adult Eesp!ratory &!stress yndrome @:C@($ A. t usually deelops suddenly !n an otherw!se healthy !nd!!dual. %. nterst!t!al !nf!ltrates on #hest rad!ographs pre#ede the onset of dyspnea. C. he oerall mortal!ty rate !s ery low. &. he underly!ng #ause usually #annot be determ!ned from b!opsy alone. '()* 60 95. 'ed!ators of !n#reased as#ular permeab!l!ty !n a#ute !nflammatory responses !n#lude all of the follow!ng @:C@(* A. leuotr!ene @4 %. brady!n!n C. platelet-a#t!at!ng fa#tor &. #omplement #omple, C5b-9 '()* 60 96. enerat!on of free rad!#als !s a maor me#han!sm of membrane damage asso#!ated w!th all of the follow!ng pro#esses @:C@(* A. rad!at!on !nury %. a#ute !s#hem!a C. a#ute !nflammat!on &. o,ygen to,!#!ty '()* 60 93. H)A &E4 !s more prealent !n wh!#h of the follow!ng auto!mmune d!sorders$ A. )@ %. rheumato!d arthr!t!s C. anylos!ng spondylos!s &. ogrenFs syndrome '()* 60 9. r!#homon!as!s #auses les!ons referred to as* A. raspberry tongue %. strawberry mu#osa C. strawberry gallbladder &. #ho#olate #ysts '()* 30
99. %ron#hopulmonary dysplas!a and ne#rot!7!ng entero#ol!t!s are most l!ely to be seen !n a pat!ent w!th wh!#h of the follow!ng d!seases$ A. #yst!# f!bros!s %. &own syndrome C. hyal!ne membrane d!sease &. sudden !nfant death syndrome '()* 60 100. n a 30-year old male" wh!#h of the follow!ng pro#esses #ontr!butes most to the o##urren#e of osteoporos!s$ A. de#reased produ#t!on of osteo!d by osteoblasts %. !n#reased resorpt!on of bone by osteo#lasts C. synthes!s of #hem!#ally abnormal osteo!d &. !n#reased sens!t!!ty of bone to the effe#ts of parathyro!d hormone '()* 55
