DIGESTED CASES ON AGENCY, TRUST AND PARTNERSHIP
SUBMITTED SUBMIT TED BY BY:: Ranel De Lara
SUBMITTED TO: Judge Ampuan
GREGORIO F. ORTEGA, TOMAS O. DEL CASTILLO, JR., and BEJAMI T. BACORRO , petitioners, !". #O. COURT OF A$$EALS, SECURITIES AD E%C#AGE COMMISS ISSIO and JOA&UI L. MISA, respondents G.R. No. 1092! "#$% &, 199' FACTS: Orte(), t*en ) senior p)rtner in t*e $)+ r- ito, /is), )nd o)d) +it*dre+ ro- t*e s)id r-. He $ed +it* SEC ) petiti petition on or dis disso$ so$#ti #tion on )nd $i3#id $i3#id)tio )tion n o t*e p)rtners p)rtners*ip *ip.. T*e SEC en 4)n5 r#$ed t*)t +it*dr)+)$ o /is) ro- t*e r*)d disso$6ed t*e p)rtners*ip. Sin5e it is p)rtners*ip )t +i$$, t*e $)+ r- 5o#$d 4e disso$6ed 4% )n% p)rtner )t )n%ti-e, s#5* )s 4% +it*dr)+)$ t*erero-, re()rd$ess o (ood )it* or 4)d )it*, sin5e no p)rtner 5)n 4e or5ed to 5ontin#e in t*e p)rtners*ip )()inst *is +i$$. ISSUE: 1. 7*et* 7*et*er er or not t*e p)rtn p)rtners ers*i *ip p o i ito, to, o)d o)d) ) )nd )nd /is) is ) p)rtners*ip )t +i$$. 2. 7*et 7*et*e *err or not not +it* +it*dr dr)+ )+)$ )$ o /is) /is) di diss sso$ o$6e 6ed d t*e t*e p)rtners*ip re()rd$ess o (ood )it* )nd 4)d )it*. RULIG: 1. Yes. T*e p)rtners*ip p)rtners*ip )(ree-ent )(ree-ent o t*e r- pro6ides pro6ides t*)t t*)t 8t: 8t:*e *e p)rt p)rtne ners rs*i *ip p s* s*)$ )$$$ 5ont 5ontin in#e #e so $on( $on( )s -#t#) -#t#)$$ $$% % s)ti s)tis s)5 )5to tor% r% )nd )nd #pon #pon t*e t*e de)t de)t* * or $e() $e()$$ in5)p)5it% o one o t*e p)rtners, s*)$$ 4e 5ontin#ed 4% t*e s#r6i6in( p)rtners.8 2. Yes. An% one o t*e p)rtners -)%, )t *is so$e p$e)s#re, di5t)te ) disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip )t +i$$ +i$$ ;e.( ;e.(.. 4% +)% +)% o +it* +it*dr dr)+ )+)$ )$ o ) p)rt p)rtne ner< r<.. He -#s #st, t, *o+e6 +e6er, )5t in (ood ood )it*, not t*)t t*e )ttend)n5e o 4)d )it* 5)n pre6ent t*e disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip 4#t t*)t it 5)n res#$t in ) $i)4i$it% or d)-)(es. A p)rtners*ip t*)t does not = its ter- is ) p)rtners*ip )t +i$$. It 5)n 4e disso$6ed )n%ti-e sin5e no p)rtner 5)n 4e or5ed to 5ontin#e in t*e p)rtners*ip )()inst *is +i$$. Do5trine o De$e5t#s Person)e )$$o+s t*e- to *)6e t*e po+er, )$t*o#(* not ne5ess)r% ) ri(*t to disso$6e t*e p)rtners*ip.
GREGORIO F. ORTEGA, TOMAS O. DEL CASTILLO, JR., and BEJAMI T. BACORRO , petitioners, !". #O. COURT OF A$$EALS, SECURITIES AD E%C#AGE COMMISS ISSIO and JOA&UI L. MISA, respondents G.R. No. 1092! "#$% &, 199' FACTS: Orte(), t*en ) senior p)rtner in t*e $)+ r- ito, /is), )nd o)d) +it*dre+ ro- t*e s)id r-. He $ed +it* SEC ) petiti petition on or dis disso$ so$#ti #tion on )nd $i3#id $i3#id)tio )tion n o t*e p)rtners p)rtners*ip *ip.. T*e SEC en 4)n5 r#$ed t*)t +it*dr)+)$ o /is) ro- t*e r*)d disso$6ed t*e p)rtners*ip. Sin5e it is p)rtners*ip )t +i$$, t*e $)+ r- 5o#$d 4e disso$6ed 4% )n% p)rtner )t )n%ti-e, s#5* )s 4% +it*dr)+)$ t*erero-, re()rd$ess o (ood )it* or 4)d )it*, sin5e no p)rtner 5)n 4e or5ed to 5ontin#e in t*e p)rtners*ip )()inst *is +i$$. ISSUE: 1. 7*et* 7*et*er er or not t*e p)rtn p)rtners ers*i *ip p o i ito, to, o)d o)d) ) )nd )nd /is) is ) p)rtners*ip )t +i$$. 2. 7*et 7*et*e *err or not not +it* +it*dr dr)+ )+)$ )$ o /is) /is) di diss sso$ o$6e 6ed d t*e t*e p)rtners*ip re()rd$ess o (ood )it* )nd 4)d )it*. RULIG: 1. Yes. T*e p)rtners*ip p)rtners*ip )(ree-ent )(ree-ent o t*e r- pro6ides pro6ides t*)t t*)t 8t: 8t:*e *e p)rt p)rtne ners rs*i *ip p s* s*)$ )$$$ 5ont 5ontin in#e #e so $on( $on( )s -#t#) -#t#)$$ $$% % s)ti s)tis s)5 )5to tor% r% )nd )nd #pon #pon t*e t*e de)t de)t* * or $e() $e()$$ in5)p)5it% o one o t*e p)rtners, s*)$$ 4e 5ontin#ed 4% t*e s#r6i6in( p)rtners.8 2. Yes. An% one o t*e p)rtners -)%, )t *is so$e p$e)s#re, di5t)te ) disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip )t +i$$ +i$$ ;e.( ;e.(.. 4% +)% +)% o +it* +it*dr dr)+ )+)$ )$ o ) p)rt p)rtne ner< r<.. He -#s #st, t, *o+e6 +e6er, )5t in (ood ood )it*, not t*)t t*e )ttend)n5e o 4)d )it* 5)n pre6ent t*e disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip 4#t t*)t it 5)n res#$t in ) $i)4i$it% or d)-)(es. A p)rtners*ip t*)t does not = its ter- is ) p)rtners*ip )t +i$$. It 5)n 4e disso$6ed )n%ti-e sin5e no p)rtner 5)n 4e or5ed to 5ontin#e in t*e p)rtners*ip )()inst *is +i$$. Do5trine o De$e5t#s Person)e )$$o+s t*e- to *)6e t*e po+er, )$t*o#(* not ne5ess)r% ) ri(*t to disso$6e t*e p)rtners*ip.
LU'(IMIDA J. (ILLAREAL, DIOGEES (ILLAREAL and CARMELITO JOSE, petitioners, !". DOALDO EFRE C. RAMIRE' and Sp)u"e" CESAR G. RAMIRE' JR. and CARMELITA C. RAMIRE' , respondents. G.R. No. 121 "#$% 1, 200& FACTS: In 19!, >i$$)re) >i$$)re)$, $, C)r-e$ito C)r-e$ito "ose )nd "es#s "ose or-ed ) p)rtners*ip +it* ) 5)pit)$ o P?'0,000or t*e oper)tion o ) rest) est)#r #r)n )ntt )nd )nd 5)te 5)teri rin( n( 4#si 4#sine ness ss.. Respo espond nden entt R)-ir )-ire e @oined )s ) p)rtner in t*e 4#siness +it* t*e 5)pit)$ 5ontri4#tion o P2'0,000. In 19!?, "es#s "ose +it*dre+ rot*e p)rtn p)rtner ers* s*ip ip )nd +it*i +it*in n t*e s)-e s)-e ti-e ti-e,, >i$$) i$$)re re)$ )$ )nd )nd C)r-e$ito "ose, petitioners 5$osed t*e 4#siness +it*o#t prior no+$ed(e o respondents In /)r5* 19!?, respondents +rote ) $ett $etter er to peti petiti tion oner ers s st st)t )tin in( ( t*)t t*)t t*e% t*e% +er +ere no $on( $on(er er interested in 5ontin#in( t*e p)rtners*ip )nd t*)t t*e% +ere )55eptin( t*e $)tterBs oer to ret#rn t*eir 5)pit)$ 5ontri4#tion. T*is +)s $et #n*eeded 4% t*e petitioners, )nd 4% re)son o +*i5* respondents $ed ) 5o-p$)int in t*e RTC. RTC r#$ed r#$ed t*)t t*)t t*e p)rti p)rties es *)d *)d 6o$# 6o$#nt) nt)ri ri$% $% enter entered ed into into ) p)rtners*ip, +*i5* 5o#$d 4e disso$6ed )t )n% ti-e, )nd t*is disso$#tion +)s s*o+ed 4% t*e )5t t*)t petitioners stopped oper oper)t )tin in( ( t*e t*e rest) est)#r #r)n )nt. t. On )ppe )ppe)$ )$,, CA #p*e #p*e$d $d RTCBs CBs de5ision t*)t t*e p)rtners*ip +)s disso$6ed )nd it )dded t*)t respo espond nden ents ts *)d *)d no ri(* ri(*tt to de-) de-)nd nd t*e t*e ret#r et#rn n o t*ei t*eirr 5)pit)$ 5ontri4#tion. Ho+e6er sin5e petitioners did not (i6e t*e proper )55o#ntin( or t*e $i3#id)tion o t*e p)rtners*ip, t*e CA too it #pon itse$ to 5o-p#te t*eir $i)4i$ities )nd t*e )-o#nt t*)t is proper to t*e respondent. T*e 5o-p#t)tion o +*i +*i5* +)s ;5)pit)$ t)$ o t*e t*e p)rtne rtners rs* *ip o#ts #tst)nd )ndin( o4$i o4$i() ()ti tion< on< F re-) re-)ini inin( n( p)rtn p)rtners ers )-o )-o#nt #nt d#e d#e to pri6 pri6)t )te e respondent. ISSUE: 7*et*er or not petitioners )re $i)4$e to respondents *is s*)re in t*e p)rtners*ip. RULIG: No, respondents *)6e no ri(*t to de-)nd ropetitioners petitioners 4#t p)rtners*ip p)rtners*ip is $i)4$e $i)4$e inste)d. inste)d. T*e p)rtners*ip p)rtners*ip *)s ) @#ridi5)$ person)$it% sep)r)te )nd distin5t ro- t*)t o e)5* o t*e p)rtners. Respondents *)6e no ri(*t to de-)nd ro- petitioner t*e ret#rn o t*eir e3#it% s*)re. Sin5e t*e 5)pit)$ +)s 5ontri4#ted to t*e p)rtners*ip, not to petitioners,
it is t*e t*e p)rt p)rtne ners rs*i *ip p t*)t t*)t -#st -#st re#n e#nd d t*e t*e e3#i e3#it% t% o t*e t*e retirin( p)rtners. Ho+e6er, 4eore t*e p)rtners 5)n 4e p)id t*eir s*)res, t*e 5reditors o t*e p)rtners*ip -#st rst 4e 5o5o-pens pens)t )ted ed.. T*er T*ere eor ore, e, t*e t*e e=)5 =)5t )-o# )-o#nt nt o re#n e#nd d e3#i6)$ent to respondentsB onet*ird s*)re in t*e p)rtners*ip 5)nnot 4e deter-ined #nti$ )$$ t*e p)rtners*ip )ssets +i$$ *)6e 4een $i3#id)ted )nd )$$ p)rtners*ip 5reditors *)6e 4een p)id.
BEJAMI YU, petitioner, !". ATIOAL LABOR RELATIOS COMMISSIO and JADE MOUTAI $RODUCTS COM$AY LIMITED, *ILLY CO, R#ODORA D. BEDAL, LEA BEDAL, C#IU S#IA JEG and C#E #O+FU , respondents. G.R. No. 9?212 "#ne &0, 199& FACTS: en@)-in Y# #sed to 4e t*e Assist)nt Gener)$ /)n)(er o ")de /o#nt)in, ) p)rtners*ip en()(ed in -)r4$e 3#)rr%in( )nd e=port 4#siness. T*e -)@orit% o t*e o#ndin( p)rtners so$d t*eir interests in s)id p)rtners*ip to 7i$$% Co )nd E--)n#e$ )p)nt) +it*o#t Y#Bs no+$ed(e. S)id ne+ p)rtners*ip 5ontin#ed oper)tin( #nder t*e s)-e n)-e )nd 5ontin#ed t*e 4#sinessBs oper)tions. Ho+e6er, it tr)nserred its -)in oJ5e ro- /))ti to /)nd)$#%on(. S)id ne+ p)rtners*ip did not )n%-ore )6)i$ed o t*e ser6i5es o Y#. T*#s, *e $ed ) 5o-p$)int or i$$e()$ dis-iss)$, re5o6er% o #np)id +)(es )nd d)-)(es. ISSUE: 7*et*er or not o$d p)rtners*ip o YU )nd )s Assist)nt Gener)$ /)n)(er e=tin(#is*ed )nd rep$)5ed 4% ne+ p)rtners*ip. RULIG: No. T*e $e()$ 5onse3#en5es o disso$#tion o ) p)rtners*ip do not, *o+e6er, )#to-)ti5)$$% res#$t in t*e deter-in)tion o t*e $e()$ person)$it% o t*e o$d p)rtners*ip. T*e $e()$ ee5t o t*e 5*)n(es in t*e -e-4ers*ip o t*e p)rtners*ip +)s t*e disso$#tion o t*e o$d p)rtners*ip +*i5* *)d *ired Y# in 19! )nd t*e e-er(en5e o ) ne+ r5o-posed o 7i$$% Co )nd E--)n#e$ )p)nt) in 19!?. T*e ne+ p)rtners*ip si-p$% too o6er t*e 4#siness enterprise o+ned 4% t*e pre5edin( p)rtners*ip, )nd 5ontin#ed #sin( t*e o$d n)-e o ")de /o#nt)in Prod#5ts Co-p)n% i-ited, +it*o#t +indin( #p t*e 4#siness ))irs o t*e o$d p)rtners*ip, p)%in( o its de4ts, $i3#id)tin( )nd distri4#tin( its net )ssets, )nd t*en re)sse-4$in( t*e s)id )ssets or -ost o t*e- )nd openin( ) ne+ 4#siness enterprise. Not on$% t*e retirin( p)rtners 4#t )$so t*e ne+ p)rtners*ip itse$ +*i5* 5ontin#ed t*e 4#siness o t*e o$d, disso$6ed, one, )re $i)4$e or t*e de4ts o t*e pre5edin( p)rtners*ip.
LOURDES A(ARRO AD MEARDO A(ARRO , petitioners, !". COURT OF A$$EALS, JUDGE BET#EL ATALBAS+ MOSCARDO, $re"-d-ng Judge, Reg-)nal Tr-al C)ur )/ Ba0)l)d C-1, Bran02 34, S-52 Jud-0-al Reg-)n and Sp)u"e" OLI(IA (. YASO AD RICARDO B. YASO , respondents. G.R. No. 101!? /)% 2?, 199& FACTS: Pri6)te respondent O$i6i) >. Y)nson )nd Petitioner o#rdes N)6)rro +ere en()(ed in t*e 4#siness o Air Krei(*t Ser6i5e A(en5%. P#rs#)nt to t*e A(ree-ent +*i5* t*e% entered, t*e% )(reed to oper)te t*e s)id A(en5%L It is t*e Pri6)te Respondent O$i6i) Y)nson +*o s#pp$ies t*e ne5ess)r% e3#ip-ent )nd -one% #sed in t*e oper)tion o t*e )(en5%. Her 4rot*er in t*e person o Att%. Rodo$o >i$$)Mores +)s t*e -)n)(er t*ereo +*i$e petitioner o#rdes N)6)rro +)s t*e C)s*ierL In 5o-p$i)n5e to *er o4$i()tion )s st)ted in t*eir )(ree-ent, pri6)te respondent 4ro#(*t into t*eir 4#siness 5ert)in 5*)tte$s or -o6)4$es or person)$ properties. Ho+e6er, t*ose person)$ properties re-)in to 4e re(istered in *er n)-eL A-on( t*e pro6isions stip#$)ted in t*eir )(ree-ent is t*e e3#)$ s*)rin( o +*)te6er pro5eeds re)$ied ro- t*eir 4#sinessL Ho+e6er, so-eti-e on "#$% 2&, 19?, pri6)te respondent O$i6i) >. Y)nson, in order or *er to re5o6er% t*e )4o6e -entioned person)$ properties +*i5* s*e 4ro#(*t into t*eir 4#siness, $ed ) 5o-p$)int )()inst petitioner o#rdes N)6)rro or De$i6er% o Person)$ Properties 7it* D)-)(es )nd +it* )n )pp$i5)tion or ) +rit o rep$e6in. Pri6)te respondents )pp$i5)tion or ) +rit o rep$e6in +)s $)ter )ppro6edF(r)nted 4% t*e tri)$ 5o#rt. Kor *er deense, petitioner N)6)rro )r(#e t*)t s*e )nd pri6)te respondent Y)nson )5t#)$$% or-ed ) 6er4)$ p)rtners*ip +*i5* +)s en()(ed in t*e 4#siness o Air Krei(*t Ser6i5e A(en5%. S*e 5ontended t*)t t*e de5ision s#st)inin( t*e +rit o rep$e6in is 6oid sin5e t*e properties 4e$on(in( to t*e p)rtners*ip do not )5t#)$$% 4e$on( to )n% o t*e p)rties #nti$ t*e n)$ disposition )nd +indin( #p o t*e p)rtners*ip. ISSUE:
7*et*er or not ) p)rtners*ip e=ists 4et+een t*e p)rties.
RULIG: No. Arti5$e 1?? o t*e Ne+ Ci6i$ Code denes t*e 5ontr)5t o p)rtners*ip Art. 1??. % t*e 5ontr)5t o p)rtners*ip t+o or -ore persons 4ind t*e-se$6es to 5ontri4#te -one%, propert%, or ind#str% to ) 5o--on #nd, +it* t*e intention o di6idin( t*e pro5eeds )-on( t*e-se$6es. A 5#rsor% e=)-in)tion o t*e e6iden5es presented no proo t*)t ) p)rtners*ip, +*et*er or)$ or +ritten *)d 4een 5onstit#ted. In )5t, t*ose -o6)4$es 4ro#(*t 4% t*e p$)inti or t*e #se in t*e oper)tion o t*e 4#siness re-)in re(istered in *er n)-e. 7*i$e t*ere -)% *)6e 4een 5oo+ners*ip or 5opossession o so-e ite-s )ndFor )n% s*)rin( o pro5eeds 4% +)% o )d6)n5es re5ei6ed 4% 4ot* p$)inti )nd t*e deend)nt, t*ese )re not indi5)ti6e )nd s#pporti6e o t*e e=isten5e o )n% p)rtners*ip 4et+een t*e-. Art. 1?9 p)r. 2 pro6ides Coo+ners*ip or 5o possession does not o itse$ est)4$is* ) p)rtners*ip, +*et*er s#5* 5oo+ners or 5opossessors do or do not s*)re )n% prots -)de 4% t*e #se o t*e propert%8 esides, t*e )$$e(ed prot +)s ) dieren5e o#nd )ter e6)$#)tin( t*e )ssets )nd not )risin( ro- t*e re)$ oper)tion o t*e 4#siness.
LILIBET# SUGA+C#A and CECILIA SUGA , petitioners, !". T#E #OORABLE COURT OF A$$EALS6 T#E #OORABLE $RESIDIG JUDGE, Reg-)nal Tr-al C)ur, Bran02 77, S-ndangan, 'am8)anga Del )re6 T#E REGIOAL TRIAL COURT S#ERIFF, Bran02 77, S-ndangan, 'am8)anga Del )re6 T#E CLER OF COURT OF MAILA, a" E5+O90-) S2er-6 and LAMBERTO T. C#UA, respondents. G.R. No. 101 "#ne 2', 200! FACTS: On "#ne 22, 1992, respondent )-4erto T. C*#) $ed ) 5o-p$)int )()inst petitioners, i$i4et* S#n() S#n() C*)n )nd Ce5i$i) S#n(), d)#(*ter )nd +ie, respe5ti6e$% o t*e de5e)sed ")5into . S#n(), or +indin( #p o P)rtners*ip A)irs, )55o#ntin(, )ppr)is)$ )nd re5o6er% o S*)res )nd D)-)(es +it* 7rit o Pre$i-in)r% Att)5*-ent +it* t*e Re(ion)$ Tri)$ Co#rt, r)n5* 11, )-4o)n() de$ Norte. Respondent )$$e(ed t*)t in 19??, *e 6er4)$$% entered into ) p)rtners*ip +it* ")5into in t*e distri4#tion o S*e$$)ne i3#eed Petro$e#- G)s ;PG< in /)ni$) +it* initi)$ 5)pit)$ 5ontri4#tion o P*p100,000.00 e)5*, +it* t*e intention t*)t t*e prots +o#$d 4e e3#)$$% di6ided 4et+een t*e-. Kor 4#siness 5on6enien5e, respondent )nd ")5into )(reed to re(ister t*e 4#siness n)-e o t*eir p)rtners*ip SHEITE GAS APPIANCE CENTER #nder t*e n)-e o ")5into )s so$e proprietors*ip.
ISSUE: 7*et*er or not respondent )-4erto C*#) )nd ")5into . S#n() *)s entered into ) p)rtners*ip. RULIG: Yes. T*e 5o#rt r#$ed t*)t ) p)rtners*ip -)% 4e 5onstit#ted in )n% or-, e=5ept +*ere i--o6)4$e propert% or re)$ ri(*ts )re 5ontri4#ted t*ereto, in +*i5* 5)se ) p#4$i5 instr#-ent s*)$$ 4e ne5ess)r%. A$so, Arti5$e 1??2 o t*e Ci6i$ Code re3#ires t*)t p)rtners*ip +it* ) 5)pit)$ o P*p&,000.00 or -ore -#st re(ister +it* t*e Se5#rities )nd E=5*)n(e Co--ission, *o+e6er t*is re(istr)tion re3#ire-ent is not -)nd)tor%. Arti5$e 1?! o t*e Ci6i$ Code e=p$i5it$% pro6ides t*)t t*e p)rtners*ip ret)ins its @#ridi5)$ person)$it% e6en i it )i$s re(ister. T*e )i$#re to re(ister t*e 5ontr)5t o p)rtners*ip does not in6)$id)te t*e s)-e )s )-on( t*e
p)rtners, so $on( )s t*e 5ontr)5t *)s t*e essenti)$ re3#isites, 4e5)#se t*e -)in p#rpose o re(istr)tion is to (i6e noti5e to t*ird p)rties, )nd it 5)n 4e )ss#-ed t*)t t*e -e-4ers t*e-se$6es ne+ o t*e 5ontents o t*eir 5ontr)5t.
EMILIO EMACE, petitioner, !". COURT OF A$$EALS, ESTATE OF (ICETE TABAAO, S#ER*I TABAAO, (ICETE *ILLIAM TABAAO, JAETTE TABAAO DE$OSOY, (ICETA MAY TABAAO (ARELA, ROSELA TABAAO and (ICET TABAAO, respondents. G.R. No. 12&& No6e-4er 2&, 2001 FACTS: E-i$io E-n)5e, ")5into Di6in)(r)5i) )nd >i5ente T)4)n)o or-ed ) p)rtners*ip en()(ed in t*e s*in( ind#str%. In 19!, ")5into de5ided to $e)6e t*e p)rtners*ip *en5e t*e% )(reed to disso$6e t*e p)rtners*ip. At t*)t ti-e, t*e p)rtners*ip *)s )n esti-)ted )sset )-o#ntin( to P&0,000,000.00. Ho+e6er, #nti$ t*e de)t* o >i5ente T)4)n)o in 199, E-n)5e ne6er rendered )n )55o#ntin( eit*er to >i5ente or *is *eirs. E-n)5e rene(ed on *is pro-ise to t#rn o6er T)4)n)oBs s*)re +*i5* is 1F& o t*e P&0/. T*e *eirs o T)4)n)o t*en s#ed E-n)5e. E-n)5e )r(#ed, )-on( ot*ers, t*)t t*e *eirs )re 4)rred 4% pres5ription *en5e t*e% 5)n no $on(er de-)nd )n )55o#ntin(. He 5ontends t*)t t*e p)rtners*ip +)s disso$6ed in 19! )nd t*)t +)s t*e ti-e +*en T)4)n)oBs ;)nd *is *eirsB< ri(*t to in3#ire into t*e 4#siness ))irs )55r#edL t*)t s)id ri(*t *)s e=pired in 1990 or %e)rs )ter. So 4e%ond 1990, t*e% 5)n no $on(er in3#ire.
ISSUE: 7*et*er or not t*e *eirs o pres5ription.
T)4)no )re 4)rred 4%
RULIG: No. Pres5ription *)s not r#n in t*is 5)se, it *)s ne6er 4e(#n. T*e t*ree n)$ st)(es o p)rtners*ip )re )< disso$#tion, 4< +indin( #p, )nd 5< ter-in)tion. In t*is 5)se, E-n)5e )nd *is p)rtners disso$6ed t*eir p)rtners*ip 4#t s#5* did not pere5t t*e disso$#tion 4e5)#se no )55o#ntin( too p$)5e. T*e p)rtners*ip, )$t*o#(* disso$6ed, 5ontin#es to e=ist )nd its $e()$ person)$it% is ret)ined, )t +*i5* ti-e it
5o-p$etes t*e +indin( #p o its ))irs, in5$#din( t*e p)rtitionin( )nd distri4#tion o t*e net p)rtners*ip )ssets to t*e p)rtners. Kor )s $on( )s t*e p)rtners*ip e=ists, )n% o t*e p)rtners ;or $e()$ represent)ti6e in t*is 5)se t*e *eirs o T)4)n)o< -)% de-)nd )n )55o#ntin( o t*e p)rtners*ipBs 4#siness. Pres5ription o t*e s)id ri(*t st)rts to r#n on$% #pon t*e disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip +*en t*e n)$ )55o#ntin( is done. 7*en ) n)$ )55o#ntin( is -)de, it is on$% t*en t*)t pres5ription 4e(ins to r#n. In t*e 5)se )t 4)r, no n)$ )55o#ntin( *)s 4een -)de, )nd t*)t is pre5ise$% +*)t t*e *eirs )re seein( in t*eir )5tion 4eore t*e tri)$ 5o#rt, sin5e E-n)5e *)s )i$ed or re#sed to render )n )55o#ntin( o t*e p)rtners*ipBs 4#siness )nd )ssets. Hen5e, t*e s)id )5tion is not 4)rred 4% pres5ription.
JOSEFIA $. REALUBIT, Petitioner, !". $ROSECIO D. JASO and EDE G. JASO , Respondents. G.R. No. 1?!?!2 Septe-4er 21, 2011 FACTS: On 1? /)r5* 199, petitioner "osen) Re)$#4it ;"osen)< entered into ) "oint >ent#re A(ree-ent +it* Kr)n5is Eri5 A-)#r% iondo ;iondo<, ) Kren5* n)tion)$, or t*e oper)tion o )n i5e -)n#)5t#rin( 4#siness. 7it* "osen) )s t*e ind#stri)$ p)rtner )nd iondo )s t*e 5)pit)$ist p)rtner, t*e p)rties )(reed t*)t t*e% +o#$d e)5* re5ei6e 0Q o t*e net prot, +it* t*e re-)inin( 20Q to 4e #sed or t*e p)%-ent o t*e i5e -)in( -)5*ine +*i5* +)s p#r5*)sed or t*e 4#siness.' Kor )nd in 5onsider)tion o t*e s#- o P'00,000.00, *o+e6er, iondo s#4se3#ent$% e=e5#ted ) Deed o Assi(n-ent d)ted 2? "#ne 199?, tr)nserrin( )$$ *is ri(*ts )nd interests in t*e 4#siness in )6or o respondent Eden ")so ;Eden<, t*e +ie o respondent Prosen5io ")so. 7it* iondoBs e6ent#)$ dep)rt#re ro- t*e 5o#ntr%, t*e Spo#ses ")so 5)#sed t*eir $)+%er to send "osen) ) $etter d)ted 19 Ke4r#)r% 199!, )pprisin( *er o t*eir )53#isition o s)id Kren5*-)nBs s*)re in t*e 4#siness )nd or-)$$% de-)ndin( )n )55o#ntin( )nd in6entor% t*ereo )s +e$$ )s t*e re-itt)n5e o t*eir portion o its prots. ISSUE: 7*et*er or not t*e 5o#rt -)% order "osen) Re)$#4it )s p)rtner in t*e @oint 6ent#reto render )n )55o#ntin( to one +*o is not ) p)rtner in s)id @oint 6ent#re. RULIG: No. Gener)$$% #nderstood to -e)n )n or()ni)tion or-ed or so-e te-por)r% p#rpose, ) @oint 6ent#re is $iened to ) p)rti5#$)r p)rtners*ip or one +*i5* *)s or its o4@e5t deter-in)te t*in(s, t*eir #se or r#its, or ) spe5i5 #ndert)in(, or t*e e=er5ise o ) proession or 6o5)tion.2? T*e r#$e is sett$ed t*)t @oint 6ent#res )re (o6erned 4% t*e $)+ on p)rtners*ips2! +*i5* )re, in t#rn, 4)sed on -#t#)$ )(en5% or de$e5t#s person)e.29 Inso)r )s ) p)rtnerBs 5on6e%)n5e o t*e entiret% o *is interest in t*e p)rtners*ip is 5on5erned, Arti5$e 1!1& o t*e Ci6i$ Code pro6ides )s o$$o+s
Art. 1!1&. A 5on6e%)n5e 4% ) p)rtner o *is +*o$e interest in t*e p)rtners*ip does not itse$ disso$6e t*e p)rtners*ip, or, )s )()inst t*e ot*er p)rtners in t*e )4sen5e o )(ree-ent, entit$e t*e )ssi(nee, d#rin( t*e 5ontin#)n5e o t*e p)rtners*ip, to interere in t*e -)n)(e-ent or )d-inistr)tion o t*e p)rtners*ip 4#siness or ))irs, or to re3#ire )n% inor-)tion or )55o#nt o p)rtners*ip tr)ns)5tions, or to inspe5t t*e p)rtners*ip 4oosL 4#t it -ere$% entit$es t*e )ssi(nee to re5ei6e in )55ord)n5e +it* *is 5ontr)5ts t*e prots to +*i5* t*e )ssi(nin( p)rtners +o#$d ot*er+ise 4e entit$ed. Ho+e6er, in 5)se o r)#d in t*e -)n)(e-ent o t*e p)rtners*ip, t*e )ssi(nee -)% )6)i$ *i-se$ o t*e #s#)$ re-edies. In t*e 5)se o disso$#tion o t*e p)rtners*ip, t*e )ssi(nee is entit$ed to re5ei6e *is )ssi(norBs interest )nd -)% re3#ire )n )55o#nt ro- t*e d)te on$% o t*e $)st )55o#nt )(reed to 4% )$$ t*e p)rtners.
#EIRS OF JOSE LIM, represented Petitioners, !". JULIET (ILLA LIM, Respondent. G.R. No. 1?290 /)r5* &, 2010
4%
EENITO
I/,
FACTS: In 19!0, t*e *eirs o "ose i- )$$e(ed t*)t "ose ientered into ) p)rtners*ip )(ree-ent +it* "i--% Y# )nd Nor4erto U%. T*e t*ree 5ontri4#ted P'0,000.00 e)5* )nd #sed t*e #nds to p#r5*)se ) tr#5 to st)rt t*eir tr#5in( 4#siness. A %e)r $)ter *o+e6er, "ose i- died. T*e e$dest son o "ose i-, E$Medo i-, too o6er t*e tr#5in( 4#siness )nd #nder *is -)n)(e-ent, t*e tr#5in( 4#siness prospered. E$Medo +)s )4$e to 4#t re)$ properties in *is n)-e. Kro- one tr#5, *e in5re)sed it to 9 tr#5s, )$$ tr#5s +ere in *is n)-e *o+e6er. He )$so )53#ired ot*er -otor 6e*i5$es in *is n)-e. In 199&, Nor4erto U% +)s i$$ed. In 199', E$Medo i- died o ) *e)rt )tt)5. E$MedoBs +ie, "#$iet i-, too o6er t*e properties 4#t s*e inti-)ted to "i--% )nd t*e *eirs o Nor4erto t*)t s*e 5o#$d not (o on +it* t*e 4#siness. So t*e properties in t*e p)rtners*ip +ere di6ided )-on( t*e-. No+ t*e ot*er *eirs o "ose i-, represented 4% E$enito i-, re3#ired "#$iet to do )n )55o#ntin( o )$$ in5o-e, prots, )nd properties ro- t*e est)te o E$Medo i- )s t*e% 5$)i-ed t*)t t*e% )re 5oo+ners t*ereo. "#$iet re#sed *en5e t*e% s#ed *er. T*e *eirs o "ose i- )r(#ed t*)t E$Medo i- )53#ired *is properties ro- t*e p)rtners*ip t*)t "ose i- or-ed +it* Nor4erto )nd "i--%. In 5o#rt, "i--% Y# testied t*)t "ose i+)s t*e p)rtner )nd not E$Medo i-. T*e *eirs testied t*)t E$Medo +)s -ere$% t*e dri6er o "ose i-.
ISSUE: 7*o is t*e p)rtner 4et+een "ose $i- )nd E$Medo i- in ) p)rtners*ip RULIG: It is E$Medo i- 4)sed on t*e e6iden5e presented re()rd$ess o "i--% Y#Bs testi-on% in 5o#rt t*)t "ose i- +)s t*e p)rtner. I "ose i- +)s t*e p)rtner, t*en t*e p)rtners*ip +o#$d *)6e 4een disso$6ed #pon *is de)t* ;in )5t, t*o#(*
t*e SC did not s)% so, I 4e$ie6e it s*o#$d *)6e 4een disso$6ed #pon Nor4ertoBs de)t* in 199&<. A p)rtners*ip is disso$6ed #pon t*e de)t* o t*e p)rtner. K#rt*er, no e6iden5e +)s presented )s to t*e )rti5$es o p)rtners*ip or 5ontr)5t o p)rtners*ip 4et+een "ose, Nor4erto )nd "i--%. Unort#n)te$%, t*ere is none in t*is 5)se, 4e5)#se t*e )$$e(ed p)rtners*ip +)s ne6er or-)$$% or()nied. Art. 1?9. In deter-inin( +*et*er ) p)rtners*ip e=ists, t*ese r#$es s*)$$ )pp$% ;1< E=5ept )s pro6ided 4% Arti5$e 1!2', persons +*o )re not p)rtners )s to e)5* ot*er )re not p)rtners )s to t*ird personsL ;2< Coo+ners*ip or 5opossession does not o itse$ est)4$is* ) p)rtners*ip, +*et*er s#5* 5oo+ners or 5opossessors do or do not s*)re )n% prots -)de 4% t*e #se o t*e propert%L ;&< T*e s*)rin( o (ross ret#rns does not o itse$ est)4$is* ) p)rtners*ip, +*et*er or not t*e persons s*)rin( t*e- *)6e ) @oint or 5o--on ri(*t or interest in )n% propert% ro- +*i5* t*e ret#rns )re deri6edL ;< T*e re5eipt 4% ) person o ) s*)re o t*e prots o ) 4#siness is ) pri-) )5ie e6iden5e t*)t *e is ) p)rtner in t*e 4#siness, 4#t no s#5* ineren5e s*)$$ 4e dr)+n i s#5* prots +ere re5ei6ed in p)%-ent ;)< As ) de4t 4% inst)$$-ents or ot*er+iseL ;4< As +)(es o )n e-p$o%ee or rent to ) $)nd$ordL ;5< As )n )nn#it% to ) +ido+ or represent)ti6e o ) de5e)sed p)rtnerL ;d< As interest on ) $o)n, t*o#(* t*e )-o#nt o p)%-ent 6)r% +it* t*e prots o t*e 4#sinessL ;e< As t*e 5onsider)tion or t*e s)$e o ) (ood+i$$ o ) 4#siness or ot*er propert% 4% inst)$$-ents or ot*er+ise. App$%in( t*e $e()$ pro6ision to t*e )5ts o t*is 5)se, t*e o$$o+in( 5ir5#-st)n5es tend to pro6e t*)t E$Medo +)s *i-se$ t*e p)rtner o "i--% )nd Nor4erto.
Mar"man Dr1"dale Land , IC., petitioner, !". $#ILI$$IE GEOAALYTICS, IC. $RO$ERTIES, IC. , respondents. G.R. No. 1!&&?. "#ne 29, 2010.
AD
GOTESCO
FACTS: /)rs-)n Dr%sd)$e, In5. ;/)rs-)n< )nd Gotes5o Properties, In5. ;Gotes5o< entered into ) @oint 6ent#re )(ree-ent or t*e 5onstr#5tion )nd de6e$op-ent o )n oJ5e 4#i$din( on ) $)nd o+ned 4% /)rs-)n. T*e% )(reed on ) '0 '0 r)tio on t*e pro5eeds o t*e pro@e5t, 4#t did not )(ree on *o+ $osses +o#$d 4e di6ided. T*e @oint 6ent#re en()(ed t*e ser6i5es o P*i$ippine Geo)n)$%ti5s, In5. ;PGI< to pro6ide s#4s#r)5e soi$ e=p$or)tion, seis-i5 st#d% )nd (eote5*ni5)$ en(ineerin(. PGI 5o-p$eted its seis-i5 st#d% 4#t )i$ed to 5o-p$ete its s#4s#r)5e soi$ e=p$or)tion 4e5)#se t*e )re) +*ere dri$$in( +)s to 4e -)de *)d not 4een 5$e)red. T*e 4#i$din( pro@e5t +)s s#4se3#ent$% s*e$6ed d#e to #n)6or)4$e e5ono-i5 5onditions. PGI 4i$$ed t*e @oint 6ent#re or +or done, 4#t +)s not p)id despite its repe)ted de-)nds. PGI, t*#s, $ed ) 5o$$e5tion 5)se )()inst /)rs-)n )nd Gotes5o. /)rs-)n p)ssed t*e o4$i()tion to Gotes5o 4e5)#se #nder t*e @oint 6ent#re )(ree-ent, Gotes5o +)s so$e$% $i)4$e or t*e -onet)r% e=penses o t*e pro@e5t, )nd /)rs-)nBs p)rti5ip)tion +)s $i-ited to t*e $)nd. Gotes5o, on t*e ot*er *)nd, )sserted t*)t PGI *)d no 5)#se o )5tion )()inst it )s PGI *)d %et to 5o-p$ete t*e ser6i5es in its 5ontr)5t, )nd it +)s /)rs-)nBs )i$#re to 5$e)r t*e propert% o de4ris +*i5* pre6ented PGI ro- 5o-p$etin( its +or. ISSUE: 7*et*er or not ) @oint 6ent#re 4et+een /)rs-)n )nd Gotes5o is ) or- o p)rtners*ip. RULIG: Yes. A @oint 6ent#re 4ein( ) or- o p)rtners*ip, it is to 4e (o6erned 4% t*e $)+s on p)rtners*ip. Under t*e $)+s on p)rtners*ip, p)rti5#$)r$% Arti5$e 1?9? o t*e Ci6i$ Code, t*e
$osses )nd prots s*)$$ 4e distri4#ted in )55ord)n5e +it* t*e )(ree-entL i on$% t*e s*)re o e)5* p)rtner in t*e prots *)s 4een )(reed #pon, t*e s*)re o e)5* in t*e $osses s*)$$ 4e in t*e s)-e proportion. In t*e @oint 6ent#re )(ree-ent, /)rs-)n )nd Gotes5o )(reed on ) '0'0 r)tio on t*e pro5eeds o t*e pro@e5t, 4#t did not pro6ide or t*e sp$ittin( o $osses. App$%in( Arti5$e 1?9?, t*e s)-e r)tio )pp$ies in sp$ittin( t*e o4$i()tion$oss o t*e @oint 6ent#re to PGI. 7*en t*ere )re t+o or -ore de4tors, t*e o4$i()tion is pres#-ed to 4e @oint #n$ess t*e $)+ or t*e o4$i()tion e=press$% st)tes t*)t t*e $i)4i$it% is so$id)r%, or #n$ess t*e n)t#re o t*e o4$i()tion re3#ires so$id)r% $i)4i$it% ;Arti5$es 120? )nd 120!, Ci6i$ Code<. In t*is 5)se, sin5e so$id)r% $i)4i$it% +)s not re3#ired 4% $)+, or t*e 5ontr)5t, or 4% t*e n)t#re o t*e o4$i()tion, t*e o4$i()tion to PGI +)s pres#-ed to 4e @oint 4et+een /)rs-)n )nd Gotes5o.
J. TIOSEJO I(ESTMET COR$., petitioner, (". S$OUSES BEJAMI AD ELEAOR AG, respondents. G.R. No. 1?19 FACTS: On 2! De5e-4er 199' petitioner entered into ) "oint >ent#re A(ree-ent ;">A< +it* Pri-eto+n Propert% Gro#p, In5. ;PPGI< or t*e de6e$op-ent o ) residenti)$ 5ondo-ini#pro@e5t to 4e no+n )s T*e /edite$ on t*e or-ers 9,'02 s3#)re -eter propert% )$on( S)-)t St., Hi(*+)% Hi$$s, /)nd)$#%on( Cit%. 7it* petitioner 5ontri4#tin( t*e s)-e propert% to t*e @oint 6ent#re )nd PPGI #ndert)in( to de6e$op t*e 5ondo-ini#-, t*e ">A pro6ided, )-on( ot*er ter-s )nd 5onditions, t*)t t*e de6e$oped #nits s*)$$ 4e s*)red 4% t*e or-er )nd t*e $)tter )t ) r)tio o 1?Q!&Q, respe5ti6e$%. 7*i$e 4ot* p)rties +ere )$$o+ed, )t t*eir o+n indi6id#)$ responsi4i$it%, to prese$$ t*e #nits pert)inin( to t*e-. PPGI #rt*er #ndertoo to #se )$$ pro5eeds ro- t*e prese$$in( o its s)$e)4$e #nits or t*e 5o-p$etion o t*e Condo-ini#- Pro@e5t. On 1? "#ne 199, t*e Ho#sin( )nd )nd Use Re(#$)tor% o)rd ;HUR< iss#ed i5ense to Se$$ No. 902!' in )6or o petitioner )nd PPGI )s pro@e5t o+ners. % 6irt#e o s)id $i5ense, PPGI e=e5#ted Contr)5t to Se$$ No. 0212 +it* Spo#ses en@)-in )nd E$e)nor An( on ' Ke4r#)r% 199?, o6er t*e &'.'s3#)re -eter 5ondo-ini##nit deno-in)ted )s Unit A100, or t*e )(reed 5ontr)5t pri5e o P'2,'9?.!! per s3#)re -eter or ) tot)$ P2,0??,&&.2'.!: On t*e s)-e d)te PPGI )nd respondents )$so e=e5#ted Contr)5t to Se$$ No. 021 o6er t*e 12.'0 s3#)re -eter p)rin( sp)5e identied )s P)rin( S$ot No. 00', or t*e stip#$)ted 5onsider)tion o P2,00.00 s3#)re -eters or ) tot)$ o P&1&,'00.
ISSUE: 7*o )re $i)4$e or t*e $osses in5#rred 4% ) @oint 6ent#re to ) t*ird person RULIG: Under Arti5$e 1!2 o t*e Ci6i$ Code o t*e P*i$ippines, )$$ p)rtners )re so$id)ri$% $i)4$e +it* t*e p)rtners*ip or e6er%t*in( 5*)r(e)4$e to t*e p)rtners*ip, in5$#din( $oss or in@#r% 5)#sed to ) t*ird person or pen)$ties in5#rred d#e to )n% +ron(#$ )5t or o-ission o )n% p)rtner )5tin( in t*e ordin)r% 5o#rse o t*e 4#siness o t*e p)rtners*ip or +it* t*e
)#t*orit% o *is 5op)rtners. 7*et*er inno5ent or (#i$t%, )$$ t*e p)rtners )re so$id)ri$% $i)4$e +it* t*e p)rtners*ip itse$.
FEDERICO JARATILLA, JR ., Petitioner, !". ATOIETA JARATILLA, BUEA(ETURA REMOTIGUE, "u8"-ued 81 CYT#IA REMOTIGUE, DOROTEO JARATILLA and TOMAS JARATILLA, Respondents. G.R. No. 1'! De5e-4er 1, 2010 FACTS: T*e present 5)se ste-s ro- t*e 5o-p$)int$ed 4% Antoniet) ")r)nti$$) )()inst#en)6ent#r) Re-oti(#e, C%nt*i) Re-oti(#e, Kederi5o ")r)nti$$), "r., Doroteo ")r)nti$$) )ndTo-)s ")r)nti$$), or t*e )55o#ntin( o t*e )ssets )nd in5o-e o t*e 5oo+ners*ip, or itsp)rtition )nd t*e de$i6er% o *er s*)re 5orrespondin( to ei(*t per5ent ;!Q<, )nd or d)-)(es. Antoniet) 5$)i-ed t*)t in 19, s*e *)d entered into )n )(ree-ent +it* t*e deend)nts toen()(e in 4#siness t*ro#(* t*e e=e5#tion o ) do5#-ent deno-in)ted )s A5no+$ed(e-ent o P)rti5ip)tin( C)pit)$. Antoniet) )$so )$$e(ed t*)t s*e *)d *e$ped in t*e -)n)(e-ent o t*e 4#siness t*e% 5oo+ned +it*o#t re5ei6in( )n% s)$)r%. Antoniet) #rt*er 5$)i-ed 5oo+ners*ip o 5ert)in properties ;t*e s#4@e5t re)$ properties< in t*e n)-e o t*e deend)nts sin5e t*e on$% +)% t*e deend)nts 5o#$d *)6e p#r5*)sed t*ese properties +ere t*ro#(* t*e p)rtners*ip )s t*e% *)d no ot*er so#r5e o in5o-e. ISSUE: 7*et*er or not ) p)rtners*ip e=ists 4et+een t*e p)rties s#4@e5t to t*e A5no+$ed(e-ent o P)rti5ip)tin( C)pit)$. RULIG: Yes, Under Arti5$e 1?? o t*e Ci6i$ Code, t*ere )re t+o essenti)$ e$e-ents in ) 5ontr)5t o p)rtners*ip ;a< )n )(ree-ent to 5ontri4#te -one%, propert% or ind#str% to ) 5o--on #ndL )nd ;8< intent to di6ide t*e prots )-on( t*e 5ontr)5tin( p)rties. T*e rst e$e-ent is #ndo#4ted$% present in t*e 5)se )t 4)r, or, )d-itted$%, )$$ t*e p)rties in t*is 5)se *)6e )(reed to, )nd did 5ontri4#te -one% )nd propert% to ) 5o--on #nd. Hen5e, t*e iss#e n)rro+s do+n to t*eir intent in )5tin( )s t*e% did. T*e% *)6e )d-itted t*is )5t )(reed to its 6er)5it%, )nd e6en s#4-itted one 5o--on
do5#-ent)r% e6iden5e to pro6e s#5* p)rtners*ip t*e A5no+$ed(e-ent o P)rti5ip)tin( C)pit)$.
$2-le5 M-n-ng Re!enue
C)rp.
!.
C)mm-""-)ner
)/ Inernal
G.R. No. 1!1!? Apri$ 1, 200! Yn)resS)nti)(o, ".
FACTS: P*i$e= /inin( Corp. entered into )n )(ree-ent +it* )(#io Go$d /inin( Co. or t*e or-er to -)n)(e )nd oper)te t*e $)tterBs -inin( 5$)i-, no+n )s t*e Sto. Nino /ine. T*e p)rtiesB )(ree-ent +)sdeno-in)ted )s Po+er o Attorne%8 +*i5* pro6ides inter)$i) 7it*in t*ree ;&< %e)rs rod)te t*ereo, t*e PRINCIPA ;)(#io Go$d< s*)$$ -)e )6)i$)4 $e to t*e /ANAGERS ;P*i$e= /inin(< #p to EE>EN /IION PESOS ;P11,000,000.00<, in s#5* )-o#nts )sro- ti-e to ti-e -)% 4e re3#ired 4% t*e /ANAGERS +it*in t*e s)id & %e)r period, or #se in t*e/ANAGE/ENT o t*e STO. NINO /INE. T*e s)id EE>EN /IION PESOS ;P11,000,000.00< s*)$$ 4e dee-ed, or intern)$ )#dit p#rposes, )s t*e o+nerBs )55o#nt in t*e Sto. Nino PRO"ECT. An% p)rt o )n% in5o-e o t*e PRINCIPA ro- t*e STO. NINO /INE, +*i5* is $et +it* t*e Sto. Nino PRO"ECT,s*)$$ 4e )dded to s#5* o+nerBs )55o#nt. P*i$e= /inin( -)de )d6)n5es o 5)s* )nd propert% in )55ord)n5e +it* p)r)(r)p* ' o t*e )(ree-ent. Ho+e6er, t*e -ine s#ered 5ontin#in( $osses o6er t*e %e)rs +*i5* res#$ted to P*i$e=/inin(Bs +it*dr)+)$ )s -)n)(er o t*e -ine )nd in t*e e6ent#)$ 5ess)tion o -ine oper)tions. T*e p)rties e=e5#ted ) Co-pro-ise +it* D)tion in P)%-ent8 +*erein )(#io Go$d )d-itted )n inde4tedness to petitioner in t*e )-o#nt o P1?9,&9,000.00 )nd )(reed to p)% t*e s)-e in t*ree se(-ents. T*e p)rties e=e5#ted )n A-end-ent to Co-pro-ise +it* D)tion in P)%-ent8 +*ere t*e p)rtiesdeter-ined t*)t )(#io Go$dBs inde4tedness to petitioner )5t#)$$% )-o#nted to P2'9,1&?,2'.00,+*i5* s#- in5$#ded $i)4i$ities o )(#io Go$d to ot*er 5reditors t*)t petitioner *)d )ss#-ed
)s(#)r)ntor. T*ese $i)4i$ities pert)ined to $on(ter- $o)ns )-o#ntin( to US11,000,000.00 5ontr)5ted 4% )(#io Go$d ro- t*e )n o A-eri5) NT SA )nd Citi4)n N.A. T*is ti-e, )(#io Go$d#ndertoo to p)% petitioner in t+o se(-ents 4% rst )ssi (nin( its t)n(i4$e )ssets orP12?,!&!,0'1.00 )nd t*en tr)nserrin( its e3#it)4$e tit$e in its P*i$odri$$ )ssets or P1,&02,2.00. T*e p)rties t*en )s5ert)ined t*)t )(#io Go$d *)d ) re-)inin( o#tst)ndin( inde4tedness topetitioner in t*e )-o#nt o P11,99,?!.00. In its 19!2 )nn#)$ in5o-e t)= ret#rn, P*i$e= /inin( ded#5ted ro- its (ross in5o-e t*e )-o#nt o P112,1&,000.00 )s $oss on sett$e-ent o re5ei6)4$es ro- )(#io Go$d )()inst reser6es )nd)$$o+)n5es.8 Ho+e6er, t*e IR dis)$$o+ed t*e )-o#nt )s ded#5tion or 4)d de4t )nd )ssessed petitioner ) de5ien5% in5o-e t)= o P2,!11,11.&9. P*i$e= /inin( protested 4eore t*e IR )r(#in( t*)t t*e ded#5tion -#st 4e )$$o+ed sin5e )$$ re3#isites or ) 4)d de4t ded#5tion +ere s)tised.
ISSUE: 7ON t*e p)rties entered into ) 5ontr)5t o )(en5% 5o#p$ed +it* )n interest +*i5* is not re6o5)4$e )t +i$$.
#ELD: No. In t*is 5)se, t*e nonre6o5)tion or non+it*dr)+)$ #nder p)r)(r)p* ';5< )pp$ies to t*e )d6)n5es -)de 4% petitioner +*o is s#pposed$% t*e )(ent )nd not t*e prin5ip)$ #nder t*e 5ontr)5t. T*#s, it 5)nnot 4e inerred rot*e stip#$)tion t*)t t*e p)rtiesB re$)tion #nder t*e )(ree-ent is one o )(en5% 5o#p$ed +it* )n interest )nd not ) p)rtners*ip. T*e -)in o4@e5t o t*e Po+er o Attorne%8 +)s not to 5oner ) po+er in )6or o petitioner to 5ontr)5t +it* t*ird persons on 4e*)$ o )(#io Go$d 4#t to 5re)te ) 4#siness re$)tions*ip 4et+een petitioner )nd )(#io Go$d, in +*i5* t*e or-er +)s to -)n)(e )nd oper)te t*e $)tterBs -ine t*ro#(* t*e p)rtiesB -#t#)$ 5ontri4#tion o -)teri)$ reso#r5es )nd ind#str%. T*e stron(est indi5)tion t*)t petitioner +)s ) p)rtner in t*e Sto. Nino /ine is t*e )5t t*)t it +o#$d re5ei6e '0Q o t*e net prots )s 5o-pens)tion #nder p)r)(r)p* 12 o t*e )(ree-ent. T*e entiret% o t*e p)rtiesB 5ontr)5t#)$ stip#$)tions si-p$% $e)ds to no ot*er 5on5$#sion t*)n t*)t petitionerBs 5o-pens)tion8 is )5t#)$$% its s*)re in t*e in5o-e o t*e @oint 6ent#re. Arti5$e 1?9 ;< o t*e Ci6i$ Code e=p$i5it
%$ pro6ides t*)t t*e re5eipt 4% ) person o ) s*)re in t*e prots o ) 4#sinessis pri-) )5ie e6iden5e t*)t *e is ) p)rtner in t*e 4#siness.8
Sp)u"e" Fernand) and L)urde" (-l)r-a !". C)n-nenal A-rl-ne", In0. G.R. No. 1!!2!! ")n#)r% 1, 2012
FACTS: In 199?, +*i$e t*e spo#ses >i$ori) +ere in t*e United St)tes, t*e% )ppro)5*ed Ho$id)% Tr)6e$, ) tr)6e$ )(en5% +orin( or Continent)$ Air$ines, to p#r5*)se ti5ets roNe+)r to S)n Die(o. T*e tr)6e$ )(ent, /)r()ret /)(er, )d6ised t*e 5o#p$e t*)t t*e% 5)nnot tr)6e$ 4% tr)in 4e5)#se it is #$$% 4ooedL t*)t t*e% -#st p#r5*)se p$)ne ti5ets or Continent)$ Air$inesL t*)t i t*e% +onBt p#r5*)se p$)ne ti5etsL t*e%B$$ ne6er re)5* t*eir destin)tion in ti-e. T*e 5o#p$e 4e$ie6ed /)(erBs represent)tions )nd so t*e% p#r5*)sed t+o p$)ne ti5ets +ort* !00.00. )ter *o+e6er, t*e spo#ses o#nd o#t t*)t t*e tr)in trip isnBt #$$% 4ooed )nd so t*e% p#r5*)sed tr)in ti5ets )nd +ent to t*eir destin)tion 4% tr)in inste)d. T*en t*e% 5)$$ed #p /)(er to re3#est or ) re#nd or t*e p$)ne ti5ets. /)(er reerred t*e 5o#p$e to Continent)$ Air$ines. As t*e 5o#p$e )re no+ in t*e P*i$ippines, t*e% $ed t*eir re3#est +it* Continent)$ Air$ineBs oJ5e in A%)$). T*e spo#ses >i$ori) )$$e(ed t*)t /)(er -is$ed t*e- into 4e$ie6in( t*)t t*e on$% +)% to tr)6e$ +)s 4% p$)ne )nd so t*e% +ere oo$ed into 4#%in( e=pensi6e ti5ets. Continent)$ Air$ines re#sed to re#nd t*e )-o#nt o t*e ti5et )nd so t*e spo#ses s#ed t*e )ir$ine 5o-p)n%. In its deense, Continent)$ Air$ines 5$)i-ed t*)t t*e ti5et so$d to t*e- 4% /)(er is nonre#nd)4$eL t*)t, i )n%, t*e% )re not 4o#nd 4% t*e -isrepresent)tions o /)(er 4e5)#se t*ereBs no )(en5% e=istin( 4et+een Continent)$ Air$ines )nd /)(er. T*e tri)$ 5o#rt r#$ed in )6or o spo#ses >i$ori) 4#t t*e Co#rt o Appe)$s re6ersed t*e r#$in( o t*e RTC.
ISSUE: 7*et*er or not ) 5ontr)5t o )(en5% e=ists 4et+een Continent)$ Air$ines )nd /)(er.
#ELD: Yes. A$$ t*e e$e-ents o )(en5% )re present, to +it
t*ere is 5onsent, e=press or i-p$ied o t*e p)rties to est)4$is* t*e re$)tions*ipL t*e o4@e5t is t*e e=e5#tion o ) @#ridi5)$ )5t in re$)tion to ) t*ird personL t*e )(ent )5ts )s ) represent)ti6e )nd not or *i-se$, )nd t*e )(ent )5ts +it*in t*e s5ope o *is )#t*orit%. T*e rst )nd se5ond e$e-ents )re present )s Continent)$ Air$ines does not den% t*)t it 5on5$#ded )n )(ree-ent +it* Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ to +*i5* /)(er is p)rt o, +*ere4% Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ +o#$d enter into 5ontr)5ts o 5)rri)(e +it* t*ird persons on t*e )ir$inesB 4e*)$. T*e t*ird e$e-ent is )$so present )s it is #ndisp#ted t*)t Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ -ere$% )5ted in ) represent)ti6e 5)p)5it% )nd it is Continent)$ Air$ines )nd not Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ +*o is 4o#nd 4% t*e 5ontr)5ts o 5)rri)(e entered into 4% Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ on its 4e*)$. T*e o#rt* e$e-ent is )$so present 5onsiderin( t*)t Continent)$ Air$ines *)s not -)de )n% )$$e()tion t*)t Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ e=5eeded t*e )#t*orit% t*)t +)s (r)nted to it. Continent)$ Air$ines )$so ne6er 3#estioned t*e 6)$idit% o t*e tr)ns)5tion 4et+een /)(er )nd t*e spo#ses. Continent)$ Air$ines is t*ereore in estoppe$s. Continent)$ Air$ines 5)nnot 4e )$$o+ed to t)e )n )$to(et*er dierent position )nd den% t*)t Ho$id)% Tr)6e$ is its )(ent +it*o#t 5ondonin( or (i6in( i-pri-)t#r to +*)te6er d)-)(e or pre@#di5e t*)t -)% res#$t ro- s#5* deni)$ or retr)5tion to Spo#ses >i$ori), +*o re$ied on (ood )it* on Continent)$ Air$inesB )5ts in re5o(nition o Ho$id)% Tr)6e$Bs )#t*orit%. Estoppe$ is pri-)ri$% 4)sed on t*e do5trine o (ood )it* )nd t*e )6oid)n5e o *)r- t*)t +i$$ 4e)$$ )n inno5ent p)rt% d#e to its in@#rio#s re$i)n5e, t*e )i$#re to )pp$% it in t*is 5)se +o#$d res#$t in (ross tr)6est% o @#sti5e.
Sall1 Y)"2-=a>- !". J)1 Tra-n-ng Cener )/ Aur)ra, In0. GR 1?9?! "#% &1, 201& FACTS: On No6e-4er 10, 199!, t*e spo#ses Ri5*)rd )nd ind) "o*nson so$d t*e re)$ properties, ) 7r)n($er @eep, )nd ot*er person)$ properties in )6or o t*e spo#ses S)$$% )nd Yos*io Yos*i)i. On t*e s)-e d)te, ) Deed o A4so$#te S)$e )nd ) Deed o S)$e o /otor >e*i5$e +ere e=e5#ted in )6or o t*e spo#ses Yos*i)i. T*e spo#ses "o*nson +ere -e-4ers o "o% Tr)inin(Bs 4o)rd o tr#stees )t t*e ti-e o s)$e. On De5e-4er ?, 199!, TCT No. T2'&& +)s 5)n5e$$ed )nd TCT No. T20'2 +)s iss#ed in t*e n)-e o t*e spo#ses Yos*i)i. On De5e-4er !, 199!, "o% Tr)inin(, represented 4% its A5tin( C*)irperson Re#4en >. R#4io, $ed )n )5tion or t*e C)n5e$$)tion o S)$es )nd D)-)(es +it* pr)%er or t*e iss#)n5e o ) Te-por)r% Restr)inin( Order )ndFor 7rit o Pre$i-in)r% In@#n5tion )()inst t*e spo#ses Yos*i)i )nd t*e spo#ses "o*nson 4eore t*e Re(ion)$ Tri)$ Co#rt o )$er, A#ror) ;RTC<. In t*e 5o-p$)int, "o% Tr)inin( )$$e(ed t*)t t*e spo#ses "o*nson so$d its properties +it*o#t t*e re3#isite )#t*orit% ro- t*e 4o)rd o dire5tors. It )ss)i$ed t*e 6)$idit% o ) 4o)rd reso$#tion d)ted Septe-4er 1, 199! +*i5* p#rported$% (r)nted t*e spo#ses "o*nson t*e )#t*orit% to se$$ its re)$ properties. It )6erred t*)t on$% ) -inorit% o t*e 4o)rd, 5o-posed o t*e spo#ses "o*nson )nd A$e=)nder A4)d)%)n, )#t*oried t*e s)$e t*ro#(* t*e reso$#tion. Ater t*e present)tion o t*eir testi-oni)$ e6iden5e, t*e spo#ses Yos*i)i or-)$$% oered in e6iden5e p*oto5opies o t*e reso$#tion )nd 5erti5)tion, )-on( ot*ers. "o% Tr)inin( o4@e5ted to t*e or-)$ oer o t*e p*oto5opied reso$#tion )nd 5erti5)tion on t*e (ro#nd t*)t t*e% +ere not t*e 4est e6iden5e o t*eir 5ontents. In )n Order d)ted /)% 1!, 200, t*e RTC denied t*e )d-ission o t*e oered 5opies. T*e RTC r#$ed in )6or o t*e spo#ses Yos*i)i. It o#nd t*)t "o% Tr)inin( o+ned t*e re)$ properties. Ho+e6er, it *e$d t*)t t*e s)$e +)s 6)$id 4e5)#se "o% Tr)inin( )#t*oried t*e spo#ses "o*nson to se$$ t*e re)$ properties. T*e CA #p*e$d t*e RTCBs @#risdi5tion o6er t*e 5)se 4#t re6ersed its r#$in( +it* respe5t to t*e s)$e o re)$ properties.
It -)int)ined t*)t t*e present )5tion is 5o(ni)4$e 4% t*e RTC 4e5)#se it in6o$6es re5o6er% o o+ners*ip ro- t*ird p)rties. It )$so r#$ed t*)t t*e reso$#tion is 6oid 4e5)#se it +)s not )ppro6ed 4% ) -)@orit% o t*e 4o)rd o tr#stees. It st)ted t*)t #nder Se5tion 2' o t*e Corpor)tion Code, t*e 4)sis or deter-inin( t*e 5o-position o t*e 4o)rd o tr#stees is t*e $ist =ed in t*e )rti5$es o in5orpor)tion.
ISSUES: 7*et*er or not t*ere +)s ) 5ontr)5t o )(en5% to se$$ t*e re)$ properties 4et+een "o% Tr)inin( )nd t*e spo#ses "o*nson.
RULIG: T*ere is no 5ontr)5t o )(en5% 4et+een "o% Tr)inin( )nd t*e spo#ses "o*nson to se$$ t*e p)r5e$ o $)nd +it* its i-pro6e-ents Arti5$e 1!! o t*e Ci6i$ Code denes ) 5ontr)5t o )(en5% )s ) 5ontr)5t +*ere4% ) person 4inds *i-se$ to render so-e ser6i5e or to do so-et*in( in represent)tion or on 4e*)$ o )not*er, +it* t*e 5onsent or )#t*orit% o t*e $)tter.8 It -)% 4e e=press, or i-p$ied ro- t*e )5ts o t*e prin5ip)$, ro- *is si$en5e or $)5 o )5tion, or *is )i$#re to rep#di)te t*e )(en5%, no+in( t*)t )not*er person is )5tin( on *is 4e*)$ +it*o#t )#t*orit%. T*e spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne% -)nd)ted 4% $)+ -#st 4e one t*)t e=press$% -entions ) s)$e or t*)t in5$#des ) s)$e )s ) ne5ess)r% in(redient o t*e )#t*oried )5t. 7e #ne3#i6o5)4$% de5$)red in Cos-i5 #-4er Corpor)tion 6. Co#rt o Appe)$s t*)t ) spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne% -#st e=press t*e po+ers o t*e )(ent in 5$e)r )nd #n-ist))4$e $)n(#)(e or t*e prin5ip)$ to 5oner t*e ri(*t #pon )n )(ent to se$$ re)$ est)te. 7*en t*ere is )n% re)son)4$e do#4t t*)t t*e $)n(#)(e so #sed 5on6e%s s#5* po+er, no s#5* 5onstr#5tion s*)$$ 4e (i6en t*e do5#-ent. In t*e present 5)se, S)$$% presents t*ree pie5es o e6iden5e +*i5* )$$e(ed$% pro6e t*)t "o% Tr)inin( spe5i)$$% )#t*oried t*e spo#ses "o*nson to se$$ t*e re)$ properties.
T*e CABs position t*)t t*e 4)sis or deter-inin( t*e 4o)rd o tr#steesB 5o-position is t*e tr#stees )s =ed in t*e )rti5$es o in5orpor)tion )nd not t*e )5t#)$ -e-4ers o t*e 4o)rd. T*e se5ond p)r)(r)p* o Se5tion 2' o t*e Corpor)tion Code e=press$% pro6ides t*)t ) -)@orit% o t*e n#-4er o tr#stees )s =ed in t*e )rti5$es o in5orpor)tion s*)$$ 5onstit#te ) 3#or#- or t*e tr)ns)5tion o 5orpor)te 4#siness. CA de5ision )Jr-ed, petition denied.
$URITA $A#UD, SOLEDAD $A#UD, and IA LEE CASTILLA ;repre"ened 81 M)2er and A)rne1+-n+ Fa0 (IRGIIA CASTILLA<, Petitioners, 6ers#s COURT OF A$$EALS e. al. , Respondents. G.R. No. 10&
FACTS: Kor o#r reso$#tion is ) petition or re6ie+ on certiorari )ss)i$in( t*e Apri$ 2&, 200& De5ision )nd O5to4er !, 200& Reso$#tion o t*e Co#rt o Appe)$s ;CA< in CAG.R. C> No. '92. T*e )ppe$$)te 5o#rt, in t*e s)id de5ision )nd reso$#tion, re6ersed )nd set )side t*e ")n#)r% 1, 199! De5ision o t*e Re(ion)$ Tri)$ Co#rt ;RTC<, +*i5* r#$ed in )6or o petitioners. T*e disp#te ste--ed ro- t*e o$$o+in( )5ts. D#rin( t*eir $ieti-e, spo#ses Pedro S)n A(#stin )nd A()ton) Geni$ +ere )4$e to )53#ire ) 2s3#)re -eter p)r5e$ o $)nd sit#)ted in Barangay Anos, os )os, )(#n) )nd 5o6ered 4% Ori(in)$ Certi5)te o Tit$e ;OCT< No. O ;1''< 01'. A()ton) Geni$ died on Septe-4er 1&, 1990 +*i$e Pedro S)n A(#stin died on Septe-4er 1, 1991. ot* died intest)te, s#r6i6ed 4% t*eir ei(*t ;!< 5*i$dren respondents E#e-i), R)#$, Kerdin)nd, en)id), /i$)(ros, /iner6), Is)4e$it) )nd >ir(i$io. So-eti-e in 1992, E#e-i), Kerdin)nd )nd R)#$ e=e5#ted ) Deed o A4so$#te S)$e o Undi6ided S*)res 5on6e%in( in )6or o petitioners ;t*e P)*#ds, or 4re6it%< t*eir respe5ti6e s*)res ro- t*e $ot t*e% in*erited ro- t*eir de5e)sed p)rents or P'2',000.00. E#e-i) )$so si(ned t*e deed on 4e*)$ o *er o#r ;< ot*er 5o*eirs, n)-e$% Is)4e$it) on t*e 4)sis o ) spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne% e=e5#ted on Septe-4er 2!, 1991, )nd )$so or /i$)(ros, /iner6), )nd en)id) 4#t +it*o#t t*eir )pp)rent +ritten )#t*orit%. T*e deed o s)$e +)s )$so not not)ried. On "#$% 21, 1992, t*e P)*#ds p)id P&',?92.&1 to t*e os )os R#r)$ )n +*ere t*e s#4@e5t propert% +)s -ort()(ed. T*e 4)n iss#ed ) re$e)se o -ort()(e )nd t#rned o6er t*e o+ners 5op% o t*e OCT to t*e P)*#ds. O6er t*e o$$o+in( -ont*s, t*e P)*#ds -)de -ore p)%-ents to E#e-i) )nd *er si4$in(s tot)$in( to P&'0,000.00. T*e% )(reed to #se t*e re-)inin( P!?,'00.00 to der)% t*e p)%-ent or t)=es )nd t*e e=penses in tr)nserrin( t*e tit$e o t*e propert%. 7*en
E#e-i) )nd *er 5o*eirs dr)ted )n e=tr)@#di5i)$ sett$e-ent o est)te to )5i$it)te t*e tr)nser o t*e tit$e to t*e P)*#ds, >ir(i$io re#sed to si(n it. On "#$% !, 199&, >ir(i$ios 5o*eirs $ed ) 5o-p$)int or @#di5i)$ p)rtition o t*e s#4@e5t propert% 4eore t*e RTC o C)$)-4), )(#n). On No6e-4er 2!, 199, in t*e 5o#rse o t*e pro5eedin(s or @#di5i)$ p)rtition, ) Co-pro-ise A(ree-ent +)s si(ned +it* se6en ;?< o t*e 5o*eirs )(reein( to se$$ t*eir #ndi6ided s*)res to >ir(i$io orP?00,000.00. T*e 5o-pro-ise )(ree-ent +)s, *o+e6er, not )ppro6ed 4% t*e tri)$ 5o#rt 4e5)#se Att%. Di-etrio Hi$4ero, $)+%er or E#e-i) )nd *er si= ;< 5o*eirs, re#sed to si(n t*e )(ree-ent 4e5)#se *e ne+ o t*e pre6io#s s)$e -)de to t*e P)*#ds. On De5e-4er 1, 199, E#e-i) )5no+$ed(ed *)6in( re5ei6ed P?00,000.00 ro- >ir(i$io. >ir(i$io t*en so$d t*e entire propert% to spo#ses Is)()ni e$)r-ino )nd eti5i) O5)-po ;e$)r-inos< so-eti-e in 199. T*e e$)r-inos i--edi)te$% 5onstr#5ted ) 4#i$din( on t*e s#4@e5t propert%. A$)r-ed )nd 4e+i$dered 4% t*e on(oin( 5onstr#5tion on t*e $ot t*e% p#r5*)sed, t*e P)*#ds i--edi)te$% 5onronted E#e-i) +*o 5onr-ed to t*e- t*)t >ir(i$io *)d so$d t*e propert% to t*e e$)r-inos. A((rie6ed, t*e P)*#ds $ed ) 5o-p$)int in inter6ention in t*e pendin( 5)se or @#di5i)$ p)rtition. Ater tri)$, t*e RTC #p*e$d t*e 6)$idit% o t*e s)$e to petitioners. T*e dispositi6e portion o t*e de5ision re)ds Not s)tised, respondents )ppe)$ed t*e de5ision to t*e CA )r(#in(, in t*e -)in, t*)t t*e s)$e -)de 4% E#e-i) or )nd on 4e*)$ o *er ot*er 5o*eirs to t*e P)*#ds s*o#$d *)6e 4een de5$)red 6oid )nd ine=istent or +)nt o ) +ritten )#t*orit% ro- *er 5o*eirs. T*e CA %ie$ded )nd set )side t*e ndin(s o t*e tri)$ 5o#rt. In disposin( t*e iss#e, t*e CA r#$ed Judicial Partition is *ere4% RE>ERSED )nd SET ASIDE, )nd ) ne+ one entered.
ISSUE: T*e o5)$ iss#e to 4e reso$6ed is t*e st)t#s o t*e s)$e o t*e s#4@e5t propert% 4% E#e-i) )nd *er 5o*eirs to t*e P)*#ds.
Rul-ng:
7e nd t*e tr)ns)5tion to 4e 6)$id )nd enor5e)4$e. A$so, #nder Arti5$e 1!?!, ) spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne% is ne5ess)r% or )n )(ent to enter into ) 5ontr)5t 4% +*i5* t*e o+ners*ip o )n i--o6)4$e propert% is tr)ns-itted or )53#ired, eit*er (r)t#ito#s$% or or ) 6)$#)4$e 5onsider)tion. In se6er)$ 5)ses, +e *)6e repe)ted$% *e$d t*)t t*e )4sen5e o ) +ritten )#t*orit% to se$$ ) pie5e o $)nd is, ipso jure, 6oid, pre5ise$% to prote5t t*e interest o )n #ns#spe5tin( o+ner ro- 4ein( pre@#di5ed 4% t*e #n+)rr)nted )5t o )not*er. )sed on t*e ore(oin(, it is not diJ5#$t to 5on5$#de, in prin5ip$e, t*)t t*e s)$e -)de 4% E#e-i), Is)4e$it) )nd *er t+o 4rot*ers to t*e P)*#ds so-eti-e in 1992 s*o#$d 4e 6)$id on$% +it* respe5t to t*e F! portion o t*e s#4@e5t propert%. T*e s)$e +it* respe5t to t*e &F! portion, representin( t*e s*)res o en)id), /i$)(ros, )nd /iner6), is 6oid4e5)#se E#e-i) 5o#$d not dispose o t*e interest o *er 5o*eirs in t*e s)id $ot )4sent )n% +ritten )#t*orit% ro- t*e $)tter, )s e=p$i5it$% re3#ired 4% $)+. T*is +)s, in )5t, t*e r#$in( o t*e CA. Sti$$, in t*eir petition, t*e P)*#ds )r(#e t*)t t*e s)$e +it* respe5t to t*e &F! portion o t*e $)nd s*o#$d *)6e 4een dee-ed r)tied +*en t*e t*ree 5o*eirs, n)-e$% /i$)(ros, /iner6), )nd en)id), e=e5#ted t*eir respe5ti6e spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne%s )#t*oriin( E#e-i) to represent t*e- in t*e s)$e o t*eir s*)res in t*e s#4@e5t propert%. 7*i$e t*e s)$e +it* respe5t to t*e &F! portion is 6oid 4% e=press pro6ision o $)+ )nd not s#s5epti4$e to r)ti5)tion, +e ne6ert*e$ess #p*o$d its 6)$idit% on t*e 4)sis o t*e 5o--on $)+ prin5ip$e o estoppe$.
Arti5$e 1&1 o t*e Ci6i$ Code pro6ides Art. 1&1. T*ro#(* estoppe$ )n )d-ission or represent)tion is rendered 5on5$#si6e #pon t*e person -)in( it, )nd 5)nnot 4e denied or dispro6ed )s )()inst t*e person re$%in( t*ereon. Tr#e, )t t*e ti-e o t*e s)$e to t*e P)*#ds, E#e-i) +)s not )r-ed +it* t*e re3#isite spe5i)$ po+er o )ttorne% to dispose o t*e &F! portion o t*e propert%. It is ) 4)si5 r#$e in t*e $)+ o )(en5% t*)t ) prin5ip)$ is s#4@e5t to $i)4i$it% or $oss 5)#sed to )not*er 4% t*e $)tters re$i)n5e #pon ) de5eit#$
represent)tion 4% )n )(ent in t*e 5o#rse o *is e-p$o%-ent ;1< i t*e represent)tion is )#t*oriedL ;2< i it is +it*in t*e i-p$ied )#t*orit% o t*e )(ent to -)e or t*e prin5ip)$L or ;&< i it is )pp)rent$% )#t*oried, re()rd$ess o +*et*er t*e )(ent +)s )#t*oried 4% *i- or not to -)e t*e represent)tion. % t*eir 5ontin#ed si$en5e, en)id), /i$)(ros )nd /iner6) *)6e 5)#sed t*e P)*#ds to 4e$ie6e t*)t t*e% *)6e indeed 5$ot*ed E#e-i) +it* t*e )#t*orit% to tr)ns)5t on t*eir 4e*)$. C$e)r$%, t*e t*ree 5o*eirs )re no+ estopped roi-p#(nin( t*e 6)$idit% o t*e s)$e ro- )ss)i$in( t*e )#t*orit% o E#e-i) to enter into s#5* tr)ns)5tion. A55ordin($%, t*e s#4se3#ent s)$e -)de 4% t*e se6en 5o *eirs to >ir(i$io +)s 6oid 4e5)#se t*e% no $on(er *)d )n% interest o6er t*e s#4@e5t propert% +*i5* t*e% 5o#$d )$ien)te )t t*e ti-e o t*e se5ond tr)ns)5tion.
Yun ?an B1ung !" $AGCOR De5e-4er 11, 2009
Fa0": PAGCOR $)#n5*ed its Korei(n Hi(*ro$$er /)retin( Pro(r)- ;Pro(r)-<. T*e Pro(r)- )i-s to in6ite p)trons roorei(n 5o#ntries to p$)% )t t*e do$$)r pit o desi(n)ted PAGCORoper)ted 5)sinos #nder spe5ied ter-s )nd 5onditions )nd in )55ord)n5e +it* ind#str% pr)5ti5e. T*e Vore)n4)sed AS Corpor)tion +)s one o t*e intern)tion)$ (ro#ps t*)t )6)i$ed o t*e Pro(r)-. In ) $etter)(ree-ent d)ted 2' Apri$ 199 ;"#net A(ree-ent<, AS Corpor)tion )(reed to 4rin( in orei(n p$)%ers to p$)% )t t*e 6e desi(n)ted ()-in( t)4$es o t*e C)sino Ki$ipino Si$)*is )t t*e Gr)nd o#$e6)rd Hote$ in /)ni$) ;C)sino Ki$ipino<. Petitioner, ) Vore)n n)tion)$, )$$e(es t*)t ro- No6e-4er 199 to /)r5* 199?, *e 5)-e to t*e P*i$ippines o#r ti-es to p$)% or *i(* st)es )t t*e C)sino Ki$ipino. PAGCOR 5$)i-s t*)t petitioner, +*o +)s 4ro#(*t into t*e P*i$ippines 4% AS Corpor)tion, is ) @#net p$)%er +*o p$)%ed in t*e do$$)r pit e=5$#si6e$% $e)sed 4% AS Corpor)tion or its @#net p$)%ers. PAGCOR )$$e(es t*)t it pro6ided AS Corpor)tion +it* distin5t @#net 5*ips. AS Corpor)tion distri4#ted t*ese 5*ips to its @#net p$)%ers. At t*e end o e)5* p$)%in( period, t*e @#net p$)%ers +o#$d s#rrender t*e
5*ips to AS Corpor)tion. On$% AS Corpor)tion +o#$d -)e )n )55o#ntin( o t*ese 5*ips to PAGCORBs 5)sino tre)s#r%. PAGCOR )r(#es t*)t petitioner is not ) PAGCOR p$)%er 4e5)#se #nder PAGCORBs ()-in( r#$es, ()-4$in( 5*ips 5)nnot 4e 4ro#(*t o#tside t*e 5)sino. TC dis-issed t*e 5o-p$)int )nd 5o#nter5$)i-. CA )Jr-ed.
I""ue": 1. 7ON )n i-p$ied )(en5% +)s 5re)ted 2. 7*et*er t*e CA erred in )i$in( to 5onsider t*)t PAGCOR r)tied, or )t $e)st )dopted, t*e )5ts o t*e )(ent, AS Corpor)tion.
Rul-ng: 1. NO. T*ere is no i-p$ied )(en5% in t*is 5)se 4e5)#se PAGCOR did not *o$d o#t to t*e p#4$i5 )s t*e prin5ip)$ o AS Corpor)tion. PAGCORBs )5tions did not -is$e)d t*e p#4$i5 into 4e$ie6in( t*)t )n )(en5% 5)n 4e i-p$ied ro- t*e )rr)n(e-ent +it* t*e @#net oper)tors, nor did it *o$d o#t AS Corpor)tion +it* )n% )pp)rent )#t*orit% to represent it in )n% 5)p)5it%. T*e "#net A(ree-ent +)s -ere$% ) 5ontr)5t o $e)se o )5i$ities )nd ser6i5es. Arti5$e 1!9 o t*e Ci6i$ Code st)tes t*)t i-p$ied )(en5% is deri6ed ro- t*e )5ts o t*e prin5ip)$, ro- *is si$en5e or $)5 o )5tion, or *is )i$#re to rep#di)te t*e )(en5%, no+in( t*)t )not*er person is )5tin( on *is 4e*)$ +it*o#t )#t*orit%. I-p$ied )(en5%, 4ein( )n )5t#)$ )(en5%, is ) )5t to 4e pro6ed 4% ded#5tions or ineren5es ro- ot*er )5ts. T*e $)+ -)es no pres#-ption o )(en5% )nd pro6in( its e=isten5e, n)t#re )nd e=tent is in5#-4ent #pon t*e person )$$e(in( it. 7*et*er or not )n )(en5% *)s 4een 5re)ted is ) 3#estion to 4e deter-ined 4% t*e )5t t*)t one represents )nd is )5tin( or )not*er. 2. NO. T*e "#net A(ree-ent is 6oid. A 6oid or ine=istent 5ontr)5t is one +*i5* *)s no or5e )nd ee5t rot*e 6er% 4e(innin(. Hen5e, it is )s i it *)s ne6er 4een entered into )nd 5)nnot 4e 6)$id)ted eit*er 4% t*e p)ss)(e o ti-e or 4% r)ti5)tion. Arti5$e 109 o t*e Ci6i$ Code pro6ides t*)t 5ontr)5ts e=press$% pro*i4ited or de5$)red 6oid 4% $)+, s#5* )s ()-4$in( 5ontr)5ts, 5)nnot 4e r)tied.
;FA< !". ITERMEDIATE A$$ELLATE COURT, SU$ERIOR ;SG< S#I$$IG COR$ORATIO G.R. No. ?'0
Apri$ ', 1990
Fa0": On Septe-4er , 19?9 Gi$ /ed)$$), )s 5o--ission )(ent o t*e p$)inti S#perior S*ippin( Corpor)tion, entered into ) 5ontr)5t or *ire o s*ip no+n )s /> Se) R#nner +it* deend)nt N)tion)$ Gr)ins A#t*orit%. Under t*e s)id 5ontr)5t /ed)$$) o4$i()ted to tr)nsport on t*e /> Se) R#nner !,''0 s)5s o ri5e 4e$on(in( to deend)nt N)tion)$ Gr)ins A#t*orit% ro- t*e port o S)n "ose, O55ident)$ /indoro, to /)$)4on, /etro /)ni$). Upon 5o-p$etion o t*e de$i6er% o ri5e )t its destin)tion, p$)inti on O5to4er 1?, 19?9, +rote ) $etter re3#estin( deend)nt NGA t*)t it 4e )$$o+ed to 5o$$e5t t*e )-o#nt st)ted in its st)te-ent o )55o#nt. On No6e-4er ', 19?9, p$)inti +rote )()in deend)nt NGA, t*is ti-e spe5i5)$$% re3#estin( t*)t t*e p)%-ent or rei(*t)(e )nd ot*er 5*)r(es 4e -)de to it )nd not to deend)nt /ed)$$) 4e5)#se p$)inti +)s t*e o+ner o t*e 6esse$ /> Se) R#nner. In rep$%, deend)nt NGA on No6e-4er 1, 19?9 inor-ed p$)inti t*)t it 5o#$d not (r)nt its re3#est 4e5)#se t*e 5ontr)5t to tr)nsport t*e ri5e +)s entered into 4% deend)nt NGA )nd deend)nt /ed)$$) +*o did not dis5$ose t*)t *e +)s )5tin( )s ) -ere )(ent o p$)inti . T*ere#pon on No6e-4er 19, 19?9, deend)nt NGA p)id deend)nt /ed)$$) t*e s#- o P2',9?.90, or rei(*t ser6i5es in 5onne5tion +it* t*e s*ip-ent o !,''0 s)5s o ri5e ;E=*i4it A<. On De5e-4er , 19?9, p$)inti +rote deend)nt /ed)$$) de-)ndin( t*)t *e t#rn o6er to p$)inti t*e )-o#nt o P2?,000.00 p)id to *i- 4% deend)nt NKA. Deend)nt /ed)$$), *o+e6er, i(nored t*e de-)nd. P$)inti +)s t*ereore 5onstr)ined to $e t*e inst)nt 5o-p$)int. Kor ser6i5es rendered, t*e N)tion)$ Kood A#t*orit% p)id Gi$ /ed)$$) P2?,000.00 or rei(*t)(e. "#d(-ent +)s rendered in )6or o t*e p$)inti. Deend)nt N)tion)$ Kood A#t*orit% )ppe)$ed to t*is 5o#rt on t*e so$e iss#e )s to +*et*er it is
@oint$% )nd se6er)$$% $i)4$e +it* deend)nt Gi$ /ed)$$) or rei(*t)(e. It is 5ontended 4% petitioner NKA t*)t it is not $i)4$e #nder t*e e=5eption to t*e r#$e ;Art. 1!!&< sin5e it *)d no no+$ed(e o t*e )5t o )(en5% 4et+een respondent S#perior S*ippin( )nd /ed)$$) )t t*e ti-e +*en t*e 5ontr)5t +)s entered into 4et+een t*e- ;NKA )nd /ed)$$)<.
I""ue: 7*et*er or not t*e inst)nt 5)se )$$s +it*in t*e e=5eption o t*e (ener)$ r#$e pro6ided or in Art. 1!!& o t*e Ci6i$ Code o t*e P*i$ippines.
Rul-ng: Petitioner NKAs 5ontention *o$ds no +)ter. It is )n #ndisp#ted )5t t*)t Gi$ /ed)$$) +)s ) 5o--ission )(ent o respondent S#perior S*ippin( Corpor)tion +*i5* o+ned t*e 6esse$ /> Se) R#nner t*)t tr)nsported t*e s)5s o ri5e 4e$on(in( to petitioner NKA. T*e 5onte=t o t*e $)+ is 5$e)r. Art. 1!!&, +*i5* is t*e )pp$i5)4$e $)+ in t*e 5)se )t 4)r pro6ides Art. 1!!&. I )n )(ent )5ts in *is o+n n)-e, t*e prin5ip)$ *)s no ri(*t o )5tion )()inst t*e persons +it* +*o- t*e )(ent *)s 5ontr)5tedL neit*er *)6e s#5* persons )()inst t*e prin5ip)$. In s#5* 5)se t*e )(ent is t*e one dire5t$% 4o#nd in )6or o t*e person +it* +*o- *e *)s 5ontr)5ted, )s i t*e tr)ns)5tion +ere *is o+n, e=5ept +*en t*e 5ontr)5t in6o$6es t*in(s 4e$on(in( to t*e prin5ip)$.
Conse3#ent$%, +*en t*in(s 4e$on(in( to t*e prin5ip)$ ;in t*is 5)se, S#perior S*ippin( Corpor)tion< )re de)$t +it*, t*e )(ent is 4o#nd to t*e prin5ip)$ )$t*o#(* *e does not )ss#-e t*e 5*)r)5ter o s#5* )(ent )nd )ppe)rs )5tin( in *is o+n n)-e. In ot*er +ords, t*e )(ents )pp)rent represent)tion %ie$ds to t*e prin5ip)$s tr#e represent)tion )nd t*)t, in re)$it% )nd in ee5t, t*e 5ontr)5t -#st 4e 5onsidered )s entered into 4et+een t*e prin5ip)$ )nd t*e t*ird person ;S% "#5o )nd >i)rdo 6. S% "#5o, 0 P*i$. &<. Coro$$)ri$%, i t*e prin5ip)$ 5)n 4e o4$i(ed to peror- *is d#ties #nder t*e 5ontr)5t, t*en it 5)n )$so de-)nd t*e enor5e-ent o its ri(*ts )risin( rot*e 5ontr)5t.(alen=uela ! CA
G.R. ). @744 O0)8er 7, 7
Fa0": Petitioner >)$en#e$), ) Gener)$ A(ent respondent P*i$)-(en, +)s )#t*oried to so$i5it )nd se$$ )$$ inds o non $ie ins#r)n5e. He *)d ) &2.'Q 5o--ission r)te. Kro- 19?& to 19?', >)$en#e$) so$i5ited -)rine ins#r)n5e ro- De$t) /otors, In5. in t*e )-o#nt o P. /i$$ion ro- +*i5* *e +)s entit$ed to ) 5o--ission o &2Q. Ho+e6er, >)$en#e$) did not re5ei6e *is #$$ 5o--ission +*i5* )-o#nted to P1. /i$$ion ro- t*e P. /i$$ion. Pre-i#- p)%-ents )-o#ntin( to P1,9,!!.00 +ere p)id dire5t$% to P*i$)-(en. >)$en#e$)Bs 5o--ission )-o#nted to P&2,?&?.00. P*i$)-(en +)nted to 5#t >)$en#e$)Bs 5o--ission to '0Q o t*e )-o#nt. He de5$ined. 7*en P*i$)-(en oered reiter)ted *is o4@e5tion.
)()in,
>)$en#e$)
r-
%$P*i$)-(en too dr)sti5 )5tion )()inst >)$en#e$). T*e% re6ersed t*e 5o--ission d#e *i-, t*re)tened t*e 5)n5e$$)tion o po$i5ies iss#ed 4% *is )(en5%, )nd st)rted to $e) o#t ne+s t*)t >)$en#e$) *)s ) s#4st)nti)$ de4t +it* P*i$)-(en. His )(en5% 5ontr)5t +)s ter-in)ted. T*e petitioners so#(*t re$ie 4% $in( t*e 5o-p$)int )()inst t*e pri6)te respondents. T*e tri)$ 5o#rt o#nd t*)t t*e prin5ip)$ 5)#se o t*e ter-in)tion )s )(ent +)s *is re#s)$ to s*)re *is De$t) 5o--ission. T*e 5o#rt 5onsidered t*ese )5ts )s *)r)ss-ent )nd ordered t*e 5o-p)n% to p)% or t*e res#$tin( d)-)(e in t*e
6)$#e o t*e 5o--ission. T*e% )$so ordered t*e 5o-p)n% to p)% &'0,000 in -or)$ d)-)(es. T*e 5o-p)n% )ppe)$ed. T*e CA ordered >)$en#e$) to p)% t*e entire )-o#nt o t*e 5o--ission. Hen5e, t*is )ppe)$ 4% >)$en#e$).
I""ue: 1. 7ON t*e )(en5% 5ontr)5t is 5o#p$ed +it* interest on t*e p)rt o )(ent >)$en#e$). 2. 7*et*er or not P*i$)-(en 5)n 4e *e$d $i)4$e or d)-)(es d#e to t*e ter-in)tion o t*e Gener)$ A(en5% A(ree-ent it entered into +it* t*e petitioners.
Rul-ng:
R)tio 1. Yes, )(en5% is one 5o#p$ed +it* )n interest. In )n% e6ent t*e prin5ip)$s po+er to re6oe )n )(en5% )t +i$$ is so per6)si6e. Re5ords s*o+ t*)t t*e )(en5% is one 5o#p$ed +it* )n interest, )nd, t*ereore, s*o#$d not 4e ree$% re6o5)4$e )t t*e #ni$)ter)$ +i$$ o t*e 5o-p)n%. T*e re5ords s#st)in t*e ndin( t*)t t*e pri6)te respondent st)rted to 5o6et ) s*)re o t*e ins#r)n5e 4#siness t*)t >)$en#e$) *)d 4#i$t #p, de6e$oped )nd n#rt#red. T*e 5o-p)n% )ppropri)ted t*e entire ins#r)n5e 4#siness o >)$en#e$). 7orse, despite t*e ter-in)tion o t*e )(en5%, P*i$)-(en 5ontin#ed to *o$d >)$en#e$) @oint$% )nd se6er)$$% $i)4$e +it* t*e ins#red or #np)id pre-i#-s. Under t*ese 5ir5#-st)n5es, it is 5$e)r t*)t >)$en#e$) *)d )n interest in t*e 5ontin#)tion o t*e )(en5% +*en it +)s #n5ere-onio#s$% ter-in)ted not on$% 4e5)#se o t*e 5o--issions *e pro5#red, 4#t )$so P*i$)-(enBs stip#$)tion $i)4i$it% )()inst *i- or #np)id pre-i#-s. T*e respondents 5)nnot st)te t*)t t*e )(en5% re$)tions*ip 4et+een >)$en#e$) )nd P*i$)-(en is not 5o#p$ed +it* interest. T*ere is )n e=5eption to t*e prin5ip$e t*)t )n )(en5% is re6o5)4$e )t +i$$ )nd t*)t is +*en t*e )(en5% *)s 4een (i6en not on$% or t*e interest o t*e prin5ip)$ 4#t )$so or t*e -#t#)$ interest o t*e prin5ip)$ )nd t*e )(ent. T*e prin5ip)$
-)% not dee)t t*e )(ents ri(*t to inde-ni5)tion 4% ) ter-in)tion o t*e 5ontr)5t o )(en5%. A$so, i ) prin5ip)$ 6io$)tes ) 5ontr)5t#)$ or 3#)si5ontr)5t#)$ d#t% +*i5* *e o+es *is )(ent, t*e )(ent -)% )s ) r#$e 4rin( )n )ppropri)te )5tion or t*e 4re)5* o t*)t d#t%. 2. Yes, t*e prin5ip)$ 5)n 4e *e$d $i)4$e. Hen5e, i ) prin5ip)$ )5ts in 4)d )it* )nd +it* )4#se o ri(*t in ter-in)tin( t*e )(en5%, t*en *e is $i)4$e in d)-)(es. T*e Ci6i$ Code s)%s t*)t e6er% person -#st in t*e e=er5ise o *is ri(*ts )nd in t*e peror-)n5e o *is d#ties )5t +it* @#sti5e, (i6e e6er%one *is d#e, )nd o4ser6e *onest% )nd (ood )it* ;Art. 19, Ci6i$ Code<, )nd e6er% person +*o, 5ontr)r% to $)+, +i$#$$% or ne($i(ent$% 5)#ses d)-)(es to )not*er, s*)$$ inde-ni% t*e $)tter or t*e s)-e ;Art. 20, Ci6i$ Code<. T*e 5ir5#-st)n5es o t*e 5)se, *o+e6er, re3#ire t*)t t*e 5ontr)5t#)$ re$)tions*ip 4et+een t*e p)rties s*)$$ 4e ter-in)ted #pon t*e s)tis)5tion o t*e @#d(-ent. No -ore 5$)i-s )risin( ro- or )s ) res#$t o t*e )(en5% s*)$$ 4e entert)ined 4% t*e 5o#rts )ter t*)t d)te.
$#ILI$$IE ATIOAL BA , petitioner, !". COURT OF A$$EALS AD B.$. MATA AD CO., IC., respondents. G.R. No. 9?99' ")n#)r% 21, 199&
FACTS: Pri6)te Respondent .P. /)t) Co. In5. ;/)t)<, is ) pri6)te 5orpor)tion en()(ed in pro6idin( (oods )nd ser6i5es to s*ippin( 5o-p)nies. Sin5e 19, it *)s )5ted )s ) -)nnin( or 5re+in( )(ent or se6er)$ orei(n r-s. On Ke4r#)r% 21, 19?', Se5#rit% P)5i5 N)tion)$ )n ;SEPAC< o os An(e$es +*i5* *)d )n )(en5% )rr)n(e-ent +it* P*i$ippine N)tion)$ )n ;PN<, tr)ns-itted ) 5)4$e -ess)(e to t*e Intern)tion)$ Dep)rt-ent o PN to p)% t*e )-o#nt o US1,000 to /)t). On t*e 4)sis o t*e 5)4$e -ess)(e d)ted Ke4r#)r% 2, 19?' C)s*iers C*e5 No. 29'22 in t*e )-o#nt o US1,00 ;P9,??2.9'< representin( rei-4#rse-ent ro- St)r Vist.
Ho+e6er, o#rteen d)%s )ter or on /)r5* 11, 19?', PN ee5ted )not*er p)%-ent t*ro#(* C)s*iers C*e5 No. 2?02?1 in t*e )-o#nt o US1,000 ;P9?,!?!.0< p#rportin( to 4e )not*er tr)ns-itt)$ o rei-4#rse-ent ro- St)r Vist, pri6)te respondents orei(n prin5ip)$. Si= %e)rs $)ter, or -ore spe5i5)$$%, on /)% 1&, 19!1, PN re3#ested /)t) or re#nd o US1,000 ;P9?,!?!.0< )ter it dis5o6ered its error in ee5tin( t*e se5ond p)%-ent. On Ke4r#)r% , 19!2, PN $ed ) 5i6i$ 5)se or 5o$$e5tion )nd re#nd o US1,000 )()inst /)t) )r(#in( t*)t 4)sed on ) 5onstr#5ti6e tr#st #nder Arti5$e 1' o t*e Ci6i$ Code.
ISSUE: 7*et*er or not t*ere is i-p$ied tr#st 4et+een t*e p)rties.
RULIG: Yes, +*i$e it is tr#e t*)t t*ere is i-p$ied tr#st in t*e 5)se. 7e r#$e t*)t petitioners 5$)i- 5)nnot prosper sin5e it is )$re)d% 4)rred 4% $)5*es. It is ) +e$$sett$ed r#$e no+ t*)t )n )5tion to enor5e )n i-p$ied tr#st, +*et*er res#$tin( or 5onstr#5ti6e, -)% 4e 4)rred not on$% 4% pres5ription 4#t )$so 4% $)5*es. 7*i$e pres5ription is 5on5erned +it* t*e )5t o de$)%, $)5*es de)$s +it* t*e ee5t o #nre)son)4$e de$)%.
ABERTO #ERBO, MARGARITO #ERBO and GABIO #ERBO, petitioners, !". LEO$OLDO respondents.
T.
G.R. No. 19'2
$ALAD
and
#ELE$.
CAYETAO,
"#$% 20, 200
FACTS: Gon)$o P)$)d in *is $ieti-e +)s ) 5oo+ner o ) p)r5e$ o )(ri5#$t#r)$ $)nd $o5)ted in Po4$)5ion, )()5, )t))n no+n )s ot 21, +it* )n )re) o &2,9 s3#)re -eters )nd 5o6ered 4% Tr)nser Certi5)te o Tit$e ;TCT< No. 0! o t*e Re(ister o Deeds o )t))n. Gon)$oBs s*)re +)s 5on@#()$ propert%, *)6in( 4een )53#ired d#rin( *is -)rri)(e +it* A$e@)ndr) N)6). A$e@)ndr) died in199, Gon)$o 5ontr)5ted )
se5ond -)rri)(e +it* Re-edios Torres, ) +ido+ +it* t*ree 5*i$dren ro- *er pre6io#s -)rri)(e, *erein petitioners. T*e #nion o Gon)$o )nd e-edios 4ore no 5*i$dren. On No6e-4er 1, 19!&, Gon)$o died. T*ere)ter, petitioners too possession o ) portion o t*e propert% )nd despite respondentsB de-)nd to 6)5)te )nd t#rno6er possession o t*e propert%, petitioners re#sed to do so. On "#$% 22, 199?, t*e RTC rendered its De5ision dis-issin( t*e 5o-p$)int )nd orderin( respondents to p)% petitioners P &,000.00 )s )ttorne%Bs ees )nd 5ost o s#it. T*e RTC *e$d t*)t t*e )5tion or re5o6er% o possession 5)nnot prosper sin5e petitioners pro6ed t*)t t*e% )re 5o o+ners o t*e s#4@e5t propert% 4)sed on t*e t+o deeds o )4so$#te s)$e +*i$e CA set )side t*e de5ision o RTC. Hen5e, )n )ppe)$.
ISSUE: 7*et*er or not i-p$ied tr#st e=ist in t*is 5)se.
RULIG: Yes, t*e Co#rt nds t*)t on -)tters o i-p$ied tr#st, Arti5$e 1! o t*e Ci6i$ Code pro6ides T*ere is )n i-p$ied tr#st +*en propert% is so$dW, )nd t*e $e()$ est)te is (r)nted to one p)rt% 4#t t*e pri5e is p)id 4% )not*er or t*e p#rpose o *)6in( t*e 4ene5i)$ interest o t*e propert%. T*e or-er is t*e tr#stee, +*i$e t*e $)tter is t*e 4ene5i)r%. Ho+e6er, i t*e person +*o- t*e tit$e is 5on6e%ed is ) 5*i$d, $e(iti-)te or i$$e(iti-)te, o t*e one p)%in( t*e pri5e o t*e s)$e, no tr#st is i-p$ied 4% $)+, it 4ein( disp#t)4$% pres#-ed t*)t t*ere is ) (it in )6or o t*e 5*i$d.8 T*e tr#st 5re)ted is so-eti-es reerred to )s ) p#r5*)se -one% res#$tin( tr#st, t*e e$e-ents o +*i5* )re )< )n )5t#)$ p)%-ent o -one%, propert% or ser6i5es, or )n e3#i6)$ent, 5onstit#tin( 6)$#)4$e 5onsider)tionL )nd 4< s#5* 5onsider)tion -#st 4e #rnis*ed 4% t*e )$$e(ed 4ene5i)r% o ) res#$tin( tr#st.
Sp)u"e" AT#OY and $ERCITA OCO, Petitioners, !". (ICTOR LIMBARIG, Respondent. G.R. No. 1129!
")n#)r% &1, 200
FACTS: So-eti-e in 199, S)4)s i-4)rin( s#4di6ided *is ot 2&2'D, 5o6ered 4% Tr)nser Certi5)te o Tit$e ;TCT< No. '2!, into t+o $ots deno-in)ted )s ot Nos. 2&2'D1 )nd 2&2'D2. He t*en e=e5#ted in )6or o "ennier i-4)rin( ) Deed o S)$e or ot 2&2'D2 or P0,000L )nd, in )6or o
S)r)* ")ne i-4)rin(, )not*er Deed or ot 2&2'D1 or P1,0. A55ordin($%, TCT No. '2! +)s 5)n5e$$ed )nd TCT Nos. T21921 )nd T21920 +ere iss#ed in t*e n)-es o "ennier )nd S)r)* ")ne, respe5ti6e$%. Sensin( so-e irre(#$)rities in t*e tr)ns)5tion, Per5it) O5o, t*e d)#(*ter o S)4)s i-4)rin(, $et P#erto Prin5es) Cit% )nd +ent to O)-is Cit%. S*e t*en $ed ) 5)se o per@#r% )nd )$si5)tion o do5#-ents )()inst respondent, *er #n5$e +*o +)s t*e )t*er o "ennier )nd S)r)* ")ne. D#rin( t*e pre$iti()tion 5oneren5e 5)$$ed 4% Cit% Prose5#tor #-ind) U% on "#$% 1, 199, t*e p)rties )(reed t*)t t*e t+o p)r5e$s o $)nd s*o#$d 4e re5on6e%ed to Per5it), +*o +)s to p)% respondent )$$ t*e e=penses t*)t *)d 4een )nd +o#$d 4e in5#rred to tr)nser t*e tit$es to *er n)-e.
ISSUE: 7)s t*ere ) tr#st 5re)ted 4et+een i-4)rin( +*en *e p#r5*)sed t*e properties in )6or o *is d)#(*ter.
RULIG: No, Under t*e $)st senten5e o Arti5$e 1!, respondentBs )$$e(ed )5ts p)%in( t*e pri5e o t*e s#4@e5t properties )nd, in t*e tit$es, n)-in( *is 5*i$dren )s o+ners r)ise t*e pres#-ption t*)t ) (it +)s ee5ted in t*eir )6or. Respondent )i$ed to re4#t t*is pres#-ption. A4sent )n% 5$e)r proo t*)t ) tr#st +)s 5re)ted, *e 5)nnot 4e dee-ed ) re)$ p)rt% in interest.9 T*)t *e s*o#$d 4e dee-ed ) tr#stor on t*e 4)sis -ere$% o *)6in( p)id t*e p#r5*)se pri5e is p$)in$% 5ontr)di5ted 4% t*e pres#-ption 4)sed on Arti5$e 1! o t*e Ci6i$ Code t*)t t*ere is ) (it in )6or o t*e 5*i$d, not +it* p)rent.
MARLEE CRISOSTOMO Petitioners,
JOSE
G.
!". FLORITO M. GARCIA, JR., Respondent. G.R. No. 1?!?
")n#)r% &1, 200
CRISOSTOMO,
FACTS: On 2 Septe-4er 19!, >i5tori) G)r5i) >d). de Crisosto-o, -ot*er o petitioner "ose G. Crisosto-o, so$d to *i-, 4% +)% o ) Deed o A4so$#te S)$e, t*e propert%, des5ri4ed in t*e )ores)id TCT in5$#din( t*e i-pro6e-ents )nd ri(*ts t*ereon, p)rti5#$)r$% des5ri4ed )s TAG No. !20' 109? ;Ur4)n $iss e6e$ I $o5)ted )t 1& i4is T)$is)%, C)$oo5)n Cit%<. In t*e Deed o S)$e, petitioner "ose Crisosto-o )nd *is sister Cristin) Crisosto-o si(ned )s +itnesses in t*e e=e5#tion o t*e instr#-ent. Sin5e t*e% +ere dist)nt re$)ti6es, respondent )$$o+ed >i5tori) )nd *er 5*i$dren, petitioner "ose )nd Cristin), to st)% in t*e s#4@e5t propert% )s $essees #nder ) Contr)5t o e)se. % 6irt#e o t*e s)id deed o s)$e, respondent ee5ted t*e tr)nser o t*e t)= de5$)r)tion 5o6erin( t*e propert%, #nder *is n)-e rot*e Cit% AssessorBs OJ5e o C)$oo5)n Cit%. Ho+e6er, 4eore t*e tr)nser o tit$e to respondent 5o#$d 4e 5o-p$eted, petitionersspo#ses "ose )nd /)r$ene Crisosto-o +ere )4$e to se5#re ) $o)n ro- t*e N)tion)$ Ho-e /ort()(e Kin)n5e Corpor)tion #sin( t*e s#4@e5t propert% )s se5#rit% t*ro#(* 4)d )it* )nd -)5*in)tions. 7orse, petitioners +ere )4$e to tr)nser t*e s#4@e5t propert% #nder t*eir n)-es, o4t)inin( TCT No. 2?&1', ro- t*e Re(istr% o Deeds o C)$oo5)n Cit%, +it*o#t t*e no+$ed(e )nd 5onsent o t*e respondent. Inste)d o )n Ans+er, petitioners $ed )n Ur(ent /otion to Dis-iss A5tion, )$$e(in( t*)t sin5e respondentBs 5)#se o )5tion is 4)sed on )n )$$e(ed deed o s)$e e=e5#ted on 2 Septe-4er 19!, t*e 5)#se o )5tion o t*e respondent to enor5e )nd to i-p$e-ent t*e instr#-ent )rose on 2 Septe-4er 19! )nd p#rs#)nt to Arti5$e 11 o t*e Ci6i$ Code, t*e )5tion -#st 4e 4ro#(*t +it*in 10 %e)rs ro- t*e ti-e t*e ri(*t o )5tion )55r#es. T*#s, ro- 2 Septe-4er 19!, respondent *)d on$% #p to 2 Septe-4er 199 +it*in +*i5* to $e t*e )5tion. Sin5e t*e 5o-p$)int +)s $ed on$% on 20 "#ne 2002, or )ter t*e $)pse o -ore t*)n 1 %e)rs, t*e 5)#se o )5tion is 5$e)r$% 4)rred 4% pres5ription.
ISSUE:
7*et*er or not t*e )5tion $ed 4% t*e respondent *)d )$re)d% pres5ri4ed.
RULIG: No, It is no+ +e$$sett$ed t*)t t*e pres5ripti6e period to re5o6er propert% o4t)ined 4% r)#d or -ist)e, (i6in( rise to )n i-p$ied tr#st #nder Art. 1' o t*e Ci6i$ Code, is 10 %e)rs p#rs#)nt to Art. 11. T*is ten%e)r pres5ripti6e period 4e(ins to r#n ro- t*e d)te t*e )d6erse p)rt% rep#di)tes t*e i-p$ied tr#st, +*i5* rep#di)tion t)es p$)5e +*en t*e )d6erse p)rt% re(isters t*e $)nd. C$e)r$%, t*e )pp$i5)4$e pres5ripti6e period is ten %e)rs #nder Art. 11 )nd not o#r %e)rs #nder Arts. 1&!9 )nd 1&91. App$%in( t*e $)+ )nd @#rispr#denti)$ de5$)r)tion )4o6e5ited to t*e )$$e()tions o )5t in t*e 5o-p$)int, it 5)n 5$e)r$% 4e seen t*)t respondent *)s ) period o 10 %e)rs ro- t*e re(istr)tion o t*e tit$e +it*in +*i5* to $e t*e )5tion. Sin5e t*e tit$e +)s re(istered in t*e n)-e o t*e petitioners on 1 No6e-4er 199&, respondent *)d ) period o 10 %e)rs ro- t*e ti-e o t*e re(istr)tion +it*in +*i5* to $e t*e 5o-p$)int. Sin5e t*e 5o-p$)int +)s $ed on 20 "#ne 2002, t*e )5tion 5$e)r$% *)s not pres5ri4ed )nd +)s ti-e$% $ed.
FELOMIA ABELLAA, petitioner, !". S$OUSES ROMEO $OCE and LUCILA $OCE and 2e REGISTER OF DEEDS )/ BUTUA CITY, respondents. G.R. No. 10!!
Septe-4er &, 200
FACTS: On "#$% 1', 19!1, Ke$o-in), ) spinster, p*)r-)5ist )nd )#nt o pri6)te respondent #5i$) Pon5e, p#r5*)sed ro- t*e $)te Este$) C)$do)P)5res ) , 29? s3#)re -eter )(ri5#$t#r)$ $ot +it* t*e intention o (i6in( s)id $ot to *er nie5e, #5i$). T*#s, in t*e deed o s)$e, t*e $)tter +)s desi(n)ted )s t*e 4#%er o ot &, P5s1000019!, 5o6ered 4% Ori(in)$ Certi5)te o Tit$e No. P2?, Ho-este)d P)tent No. > 1''1 )nd $o5)ted )t os An(e$es, #t#)n Cit%. T*e tot)$ 5onsider)tion o t*e s)$e +)s P1,'00.00, 4#t on$% P,'00.00 +)s st)ted in t*e deed #pon t*e re3#est o t*e se$$er. S#4se3#ent$%, Ke$o-in) )pp$ied or t*e iss#)n5e o tit$e in t*e n)-e o *er nie5e. On Apri$ 2!, 1992, Tr)nser Certi5)te o Tit$e ;TCT< No. 2!? o6er t*e s#4@e5t $ot +)s iss#ed in t*e n)-e o #5i$). S)id tit$e, *o+e6er, re-)ined in t*e possession o Ke$o-in) +*o de6e$oped t*e $ot t*ro#(* "#)n)rio Torreon )nd p)id re)$ propert% t)=es t*ereon. T*e re$)tions*ip 4et+een Ke$o-in) )nd respondent spo#ses Ro-eo )nd #5i$) Pon5e, *o+e6er, t#rned so#r. T*e $)tter )$$e(ed$% 4e5)-e disrespe5t#$ )nd #n(r)te#$ to t*e point o *#r$in( *er ins#$ts )nd e6en )tte-ptin( to *#rt *er p*%si5)$$%. Hen5e, Ke$o-in) $ed t*e inst)nt 5)se or re6o5)tion o i-p$ied tr#st to re5o6er $e()$ tit$e o6er t*e propert%. Pri6)te respondent spo#ses #5i$), )$so ) p*)r-)5ist, )nd Ro-eo, ) -)rine en(ineer, on t*e ot*er *)nd, 5$)i-ed t*)t t*e p#r5*)se pri5e o t*e $ot +)s on$% P,'00.00 )nd t*)t it +)s t*e- +*o p)id t*e s)-e. T*e p)%-ent )nd si(nin( o t*e deed o s)$e )$$e(ed$% too p$)5e in t*e oJ5e o Att%. Teodoro E-4o% in t*e presen5e o t*e se$$er )nd *er si4$in(s n)-e$%, A3#i$ino C)$do) )nd t*e $)te i$i) C)$do). A %e)r $)ter, "#)n)rio )ppro)5*ed #5i$) )nd
