University Of The Philippines
COLLEGE OF LAW CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Second Semester 2011-2012 Ar A r n o V . Sa n i d a d
MANDATORY READINGS: 1. Juri Jurisd sdic icti tion on
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.
Batas Batas Pamban Pambansa sa Blg. Blg. 129 129 (as (as amende amended); d); SC Admini Administra strativ tive e Circ Circul ular ar No. No. 09-94 09-94;; The 1991 Revised Revised Rules Rules on Summ Summary ary Procedure; Procedure; Republic Republic Act No. 8493 (The Speedy Speedy Trial Trial Act Act of 1988); 1988); SC Circu Circular lar No. 38-98 38-98 (Implem (Implementi enting ng Rules Rules to RA RA 8493) 8493);; Pres. Dec. No. 1606, 1606, as amended amended (Sandigan (Sandiganbaya bayan n Law); Law); RA 8249 8249 (Amendme (Amendments nts to to Sandigan Sandiganbaya bayan n Law); Law); Rep. Rep. Act No. No. 6770 6770 (Ombu (Ombudsm dsman an Law); Law); A.M. No. 09-609-6-8-SC, 8-SC, “The Rules Rules of Procedu Procedure re for Environme Environmental ntal Cases.” Cases.” S.C. Administrative Circular No. 51-96 [Superseding [Superseding Administrative Order No. 173-94 173-94 dated 28 September 1994]Special Courts for Kidnapping, Robbery, Dangerous Drugs, Carnapping and Other Heinous Crimes under R. A. NO. 7659.
2. Subs Substa tanti ntive ve Righ Rights ts
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Cons Const. t. (1987 (1987), ), art. art. III; Const. Const. (1987 (1987), ), art. art. VIII, VIII, sec. sec. 5(5); 5(5); Rule 115, 115, 2000 2000 Rules Rules on Criminal Criminal Procedure; Procedure; Repu Republ blic ic Act Act No No.. 7438 7438;; DOJ-N DOJ-NPS PS Manu Manual, al, Part Part XI, secs secs.. 1, 2; 2; Juveni Juvenile le Justi Justice ce and and Welfar Welfare e Act, Act, Secs. Secs. 60-61 60-61;;
3. DOJ Inquest Inquest and Prelimi Preliminary nary Investigatio Investigation n Procedure Procedure
a. DOJ Departm Department ent Order Order No. No. 70 [2000 [2000 NPS Rule on Appeal]; Appeal]; b. DOJ Circula Circularr No. 61 61 (1993) (1993) [New [New Rules Rules on Inquest Inquest]; ];
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c. DOJ National Prosecution Service, 2008 Manual for Prosecutors (see Reserved Section); 4. Special Rules and Procedures
a. b. c. d. e.
SC AM No. 00-04-07-SC [Child Witness Rule]; SC AM No. 02-1-18-SC [Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law]; SC AM No. 02-1-19-SC [Rule on Commitment of Children]; SC AM No. 02-2-07-SC [Amendments to Rule 110, sec. 5]; SC AM No. 03-1-09-SC [Rule on Guidelines to be Observed by Trial Judges and Clerks of Court in the Conduct of Pre-Trial and Use of Deposition-Discovery Measures] f. Rule On DNA Evidence A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC October 2, 2007 g. Rule on the Writ of Amparo [A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC, 25 September 2007] h. Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data [A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC dated 22 January 2008] i. S.C., A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC, “The Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases.”
COURSE OUTLINE PART ONE INTRODUCTION I. History & Sources of Rules on Criminal Procedure Amy Rossabi, Th e C olonial R oots o f C rim inal P rocedure i n th e Philippines , 11 Columbia Journal of Asian Law 175 II. Criminal Jurisdiction & Hierarchy of Courts: A. Oscar M. Herrera , Rem edial Law Vol. IV , Criminal Procedur e (Rules 110-127), pp. 1-56.
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 (as amended); SC Administrative Circular No. 09-94; The 1991 Revised Rules on Summary Procedure; Pres. Dec. No. 1606, as amended (Sandiganbayan Law); RA 8249 (Amendments to Sandiganbayan Law); Rep. Act No. 6770 (Ombudsman Law);
B. Criminal Jurisdiction 1. Allegations of complaint as basis Buaya v. Polo, 169 SCRA 471 (1989)
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2. Elements & Requisites of Criminal Jurisdiction a) Subject matter or offense Revised Penal Code as amended Special Penal Laws People v. Lagon, 185 SCRA 442 (1990) b) Venue or Territory where committed; Purpose Sec. 18, B.P. 129 Uy v. C.A., 276 SCRA 367 (1997) Campanano, Jr. vs. Datuin, 536 SCRA 471(2007)] People v. Taroy, G.R. #192466, Sept. 12, 2011 Change of venue: Art. VIII, Sec. 5 (4), !987 Constitution People v. Gutierrez, 36 SCRA 172 (1970) People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975) Mondiguing v. Abaci, G.R. No. 4131 3. November 6, 1975,68 SCRA 14. People v. Sola, G.R. No. L-56158-64 March 17, 1981 ( E.B) See:
[A.M. No. 10-1-06-RTC : January 12, 2010] Re: Petition for Change of Trial Venue of Crimina l Case No. Sa-198, People v. Data Andal Ampatuan, Sr., et Al. For Rebellion from the Regional Trial Court of Cotabato City to the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City.
c) Person of the accused Valdepeñas v. People, 16 SCRA 871 (1966) Miranda v. Tuliao, 486 SCRA 377 3. a) Jurisdiction not subject to waiver or agreement Figueroa v. People, G.R. No. 147406, July 14, 2008 b) Jurisdiction and double jeopardy Heirs of Honrales v. Honrales, 629 SCRA 423 (2010)
III.
Hierarchy of Courts and the Remedy of Appeal A. Generally Rule 122, secs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9; Section 9. Appeal to the Regional Trial Courts. — Rules 123, 124, 125; Alonso, et al. vs. Cebu Country Club, Inc., et al., G.R. No. 188471, April 20, 2010.
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B. MTC: (Metropolitan Trial Courts, the Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, the Municipal Trial Courts, and the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts) 1. Original & Exclusive Criminal Jurisdiction: Sec. 32, (1) & (2), B.P. 129 Sec, 3 & 4, SC Administrative Circular No. 09-94 2. Appeal Sec. 1, Rule 122 Sec. 39, B.P. 129 Sec. 2 (a), Rule 122 3. How appeal taken Sec. 3, (a), Rule 122 C. Regional Trial Court: 1. Original & Exclusive Criminal Jurisdiction Sec. 20, B.P. 129 ( As amended by R.A. No. 7691) a. Family Courts Sec. 3 & 5 (a), R.A. No. 8369 ("Family Courts Act of 1997") b. Special Courts Kidnapping, Robbery, Dangerous Drugs, Carnapping and Other Heinous Crimes under R. A. No. 7659. S.C. ADMINISTRATIVE CIRCULAR NO. 51-96 [Superseding Administrative Order No. 173-94 dated 28 September 1994] Environmental Courts (AO No. 23-2008, Re: Designation of Special Courts to Hear, Try, and Decide Environmental Cases, January 28, 2008) c. Offenses committed by public officials Sec. 4(a) par. 2, Pres. Dec. No. 1606, as amended by R.A. NO. 7975 and R.A. NO. 8249 Lacson v. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999) Magno v. People, 647 SCRA 362 (2011)
2. Appellate jurisdiction
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Sec. 1, Rule 122 Sec. 2 (a), Rule 122 3. Appeals from RTC, how appeal taken a. In the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction Sec. 2 (b), Rule 122 b. In the exercise of its original jurisdiction (1) Death Penalty Cases R.A. 9346 Rule 122, secs. 3 (d), 10 (as amended by SC A.M. No. 00-5-03 [October 15, 2004]; Amendments to the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure to Govern Death Penalty Cases); cf. RA 9346;
Rule 124, sec. 12, 13 (as amended by SC A.M. No. 00-5-03 [October 15, 2004]; Amendments to the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure to Govern Death Penalty Cases) Rule 125; (2) Penalty is reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment Rule 122, Sec. 3 (c) People v. Mateo, 433 SCRA 640 (2004) People v. Salome, G.R. No. 169077, Aug. 31, 2006 (3) Other cases Rule 122, Sec. 2 (c) To the Court of Appeals Rule 41, Sec. 2 c) Appeal by any of several accused Rule 122, sec. 11; d) Withdrawal of appeal Rule 122, sec. 12; PD 968 (as amended), sec. 4; e) Effects of death of accused pending appeal
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Villegas v. CA, 271 SCRA 148 (1997); People v. Ayochok, 629 SCRA 324 (2010) f) Effect of failure to appeal a patently wrong judgment People v. Barro Sr., 338 SCRA 312 (2000); g) Appeal a Judgment of Acquittal: People v. Asis, 629 SCRA 250 (2010) 4. Ombudsman & Sandiganbayan: Pres. Dec. No. 1606, as amended (Sandiganbayan Law); RA 8249 (Amendments to Sandiganbayan Law); Rep. Act No. 6770 (Ombudsman Law); a) Ombudsman: Uy v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 105965-70. March 20, 2001 Appeals from the Ombudsman: (i) In administrative cases & annulment of judgment Fabian vs. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470, September 16, 1998 Macalalag vs. Ombudsman, 424 SCRA 741(2004) Office of the Ombudsman vs. Court of Appeals, 640 SCRA 544(2011) (ii) In criminal cases Golangco vs. Fung, 504 SCRA 321(2006) Perez vs. Office of the Ombudsman, 429 SCRA 357(2004) Office of the Ombudsman vs. Heirs of Margarita Ventura , 605 SCRA 1(2009) b) Sandiganbayan - “. . . in relation to office” (i) “Grade 27 and above” Sec. 4(a), (1), (2), (3), (4) & (5) Pres. Dec. No. 1606, as amended by R.A. NO. 7975 and R.A. NO. 8249 (ii) Public officials irrespective of salary grade Sec. 4(a), 1(a), (b), ©, (d), (e), (f) & (g)Pres. Dec. No. 1606, as amended by R.A. NO. 7975 and R.A. NO. 8249
Rodriguez v. Sandiganbayan, 424 SCRA 236 (2004)
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Bariaga v. Sandiganbayan, 457 SCRA 301 (2005) Organo v. Sandiganbayan, 320 SCRA 684 (1999) Inding v. Sandiganbayan, 434 SCRA 388 (2004) Lacson v. Executive Secretary, supra (iii) Appeals from RTC Magno v. People, supra 5. Court of Appeals: a) Rule 41 Ordinary Appeal (Appeal By Writ of Error ) b) Rule 42 Petition fo Review c) Rule 124 6. Supreme Court: a) Generally Rule 65 People vs. Asis, 629 SCRA 250 (2010) b) Improvident Plea; Remand & Re-arraignment When Proper: People v. Molina, G.R. Nos. 141129-33, December 14, 2001; Ong vs. Genio, 609 SCRA 188, Dec. 23, 2009 c) Even split or no majority in Supreme Court Rule 125, sec. 3; Ramirez vs. Court of Appeals, 71 SCRA 231(1976)
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PART TWO RULE 126 - SEARCH AND SEIZURE Pertinent Documents & Pleadings: (1) Search Warrant; (2) Documents as basis for issuance: Request for Issuance; Affidavit/s of complainant or witnesses Others (Photographs, sketches, etc.) (3) Motion to Quash Search Warrant (4) Motion to Suppress (5) Motion for Return of Property Seized I. Nature, scope and definition A. Definition & Nature Const. (1987), art. III, Secs. 2, 3; Rule 126, Secs. 1, 13; “Exclusionary Rule” Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967); People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000) EB “People not places.” Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967); Private searches People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991); B. Constitutional and statutory boundaries; limitations on State action 1. Nature of right protected; waiver of protected right Villanueva v. Querubin, 48 SCRA 349 (1972); Guanzon v. De Villa, 181 SCRA 623 (1990); People v. Marti, supra 2. Scope of protection Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 3(1); Katz v. U.S., supra Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984) EB; People v. Valdez, supra
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- “Enhanced Senses” and “Reasonable expectation of privacy”: Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001) - Thermal imaging device California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986) - Aerial “naked eye” observation Dow Chemicals v. U.S., 476 U. S. 227 (1986) - Aerial search using device United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983) - Sniff Dog Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293 (1966) - “Plant” California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988); - Garbage search Washington vs. Boland, 115 Wn.2d 57 (1990); 800P.2d 1112 RA 4200 4200 (Anti-wire Tapping Law): Gaanan vs. IAC, G.R. No. L-69809 October 16, 1986 RA 9272 (Human Security Act of 2007): Sec. 7-16 Rule 126, sec. 13; C. Types 1. With A Search Warrant a. Generally Rule 126, sec. 1; People v. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998); Manalili v. CA, 280 SCRA 400 (1997); b. Venue of application; jurisdiction of court Rule 126, sec. 2; BP 129 (as amended by RA 7691), sec. 21; Interim Rules (January 11, 1983), par. A3; Malaloan v. CA, 232 SCRA 249 (1994); People v. CA, 291 SCRA 400 (1998); c. Requisites for issuance
Rule 126, sec. 1; cf. Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 2; PICOP v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); (1) Concept of probable cause in search warrants People v. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998);
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Microsoft Corporation v. Maxicorp, Inc., 438 SCRA 224 (2004) People v. Aruta, G.R. No. 120915 April 3, 1998 Burgos v. Chief of Staff, supra Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 613 (1983) Stonehill v. Diokno, supra (2) Determining probable cause: i) Person Authorized: Who determines? Const. (1987), Art. III, sec. 2; Rule 126, sec. 4; People v. Tuan, G.R. No. 176066. August 11, 2010 Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70 Bache vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971) People vs. Mamaril, 420 SCRA 662 (2004) Tan vs. Sy Tiong Gue, 613 SCRA 98 (2010) ii) Procedure: How is it determined? Rule 126, sec. 5; Personal examination by searching questions complainant & witnesses: Bache v. Ruiz, supra Kho vs. Makalintal, supra PICOP v. Asuncion, supra People v. Tuan, G.R. No. 176066. August 11, 2010 Roan v. Gonzales, 145 SCRA 687 (1984); Coca-Cola v. Gomez, 571 SCRA 18 (2008) (3) Description of things to be seized Kho v. Macalintal, supra; Bache vs. Ruiz, supra; (4) Description of place to be searched People v. Estrada, supra Roan vs. Gonzales, supra PICOP v. Asuncion, supra People vs. C.A., supra
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of
d. Things that may be seized Rule 126, sec. 3; Burgos vs. Chief of Staff, supra California v. Greenwood, supra Washington vs. Boland, supra Rules on DNA Evidence A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC October 2, 2007 People v. Umanito, G.R. #172607 Oct. 26, 2007 e. Form and content of warrant; lifetime Rule 126, sec. 1, 6, 10; Bache v. Ruiz, supra Mustang Lumber v. CA, 257 SCRA 430 (1996); f. Validity of warrant People v. Estrada, supra People v. CA, supra 2. Warrantless Search & Seizure: a. Search incident to lawful arrest Rule 126, sec. 13; People v. Aruta, G.R. No. 120915 April 3, 1998 People v. Valdez, supra People v. Padilla, 269 SCRA 402 (1997); People v. Chua Ho San, 308 SCRA 432 (1999); People v. Binad Chua, G.R. Nos. 136066-67, February 4, 2003 Office of the Court Administrator v. Barron, 297 SCRA 376 (1998); Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969); Nolasco v. Pano, 147 SCRA 509 (1987); Cf. Nolasco v. Pano, 139 SCRA 152 (1985); Posadas v. CA, 188 SCRA 288 (1990) People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325 Malacat v. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997) EB; Warrantless Search of Computers & Cell Phones: Computers: U.S. vs. Hill, 459 F.3d 966 (2006) U.S. vs. Ziegler, 474 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir., January 30, 2007)
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Journal Articles: Edward T.M. Garland and Donald F. Samuel, Fourth Am en dm en t an d C om puter s, Geo rgia B ar Journal , Vol. 44, Feb. 2009 Cellphones: U.S. vs. Finley, 477 F.3d 250 State vs. Smith, 124 Ohio St.3d 163 (2009) Journal Articles: Adam M. Gershowitz, Th e I P hone M eet s t he F ourth Am en dm en t , UCLA Law Review, October, 2008. Bryan Andrew Stillwagon, Bringing an End to Warrantless Cell Phone Searches , Summer 2008 Georgia Law Review. b. Consented search People v. Malasigui, 63 Phil. 221 (1936); Alvarez v. CFI, 64 Phil. 48 (1937); Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325 (1) Peaceful submission not consent to search Garcia v. Locsin, 65 Phil. 689 (1938); Written consent: Roan v. Gonzales, supra (2) Effect of voluntary surrender People v. Agbot, 106 SCRA 325 (1981); (3) Effect of posting bail Rule 114, sec. 26; c. “Stop and Frisk”, Roadblocks & Checkpoints, and Other Less Intrusive Searches “Stop and Frisk” :
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Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968); Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993) Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 (2000) People v. Binad Chua, supra Malacat v. CA, supra Esquillo v. People, 629 SCRA 370 (2010) Roadblocks & Checkpoints: Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979); Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325 Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002; People v. Lacerna, 278 SCRA 561 (1997) People v. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996) People v. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401(1991) People vs. Encinada, G.R. No. 116720. October 2, 1997 Checkpoints: Valmonte v. De Villa, 178 SCRA 211 (1989); People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004); Aniag vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 424 (1994); People vs. Escano, 323 SCRA 754 (2000) d. Moving vehicles/hot pursuit Caroll v. US, 267 U.S. 132 (1925); California V. Carney, 471 U.S. 386 (1985) Papa v. Mago, 22 SCRA 857 (1968); Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002; Asuncion v. CA, 302 SCRA 490 (1999); Roldan v. Arca, 65 SCRA 336 (1975); People v. Lo Ho Wing, 193 SCRA 122 (1990); People v. Balingan, 241 SCRA 277 (1995); Obra v. CA, 317 SCRA 594 (1999); e. "Plain View" Doctrine: Harris v. US, 390 U.S. 234 (1966); Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 472 (1971);
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Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987) Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990) People v. Musa, 217 SCRA 597 (1993); People v. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 (1999); People v. Bolasa, 321 SCRA 459 (1999); People v. Evaristo, 216 SCRA 431 (1992); People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 24 (2000); People v. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683 (2001) f. Private Searches & "State Expansion of Private Search" People v. Marti, supra People v. Bongcarawan, G.R. No. 143944. July 11, 2002 State v. Von Bulow, 475 A.2d 995 g. Extraordinary circumstances: People v. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994); Bringham City v. Stuart, 126 S.Ct. 1943 (2006) h. Concepts of : "Fruit of the Poisonous Tree"; "Attenuation"; "Inevitable Discovery" Nardone v. U.S., 308 U.S. 338 Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471 Nix vs. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 II. Procedure for service of warrant; post-service procedure A. Service of warrant 1. Time of search Rule 126, sec. 9; 2. Two-witness rule Rule 126, sec. 8; People v. Gesmundo, 219 SCRA 743 (1993); 3. Breaking of door or window to effect search Rule 126, sec. 7; People vs. Huang Zhen Hua, 439 SCRA 350 (2004)
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B. Post-service procedure People v. Gesmundo, supra 1. Issuance of Receipt Rule 126, sec. 11; People v. Lacbanes, 270 SCRA 193 (1997); 2. Delivery of property and inventory; return and proceedings on the return: Rule 126, sec. 12; People v. Gesmundo, supra III. Remedies against unreasonable search and seizure 1. “Exclusionary Rule”: Motion to quash search warrant or suppress evidence : Art. III, Sec. 3 (2) Rule 126, sec. 14; RA 8493, sec. 2(d) (cf. Rule 118, sec. 2[d];) Stonehill v. Diokno, supra Bache v. Ruiz, supra Rakes v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 (1978); PICOP v. Asuncion, supra 2. Waiver of Jurisdiction & Non Waiver of Admissibility: People vs. Lapitaje, 397 SCRA 674 (2003); Esquillo vs. People, G.R. No. 182010, August 25, 2010 3. Return of property illegally seized: Uy Kheytin v. Villareal, 42 Phil. 892 (1920); Magoncia v. Palacio, 80 Phil. 170 (1948); Collector v. Villaluz, 71 SCRA 356 (1976); Mata v. Bayona, 128 SCRA 388 (1984); 4. Criminal liability and Civil Damages: Rev. Pen. Code, Arts. 128, 129, 130, 206; MHP Garments v. CA, 236 SCRA 227 (1994);
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