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dapat gunakan oleh karyawan maupun pengunjung (terlatih) untuk menyerang sumber api. Rumah sakit harus menyediakan peralatan pemadam kebakaran sbb:
2)
a.
APAT, alat pemadam api tradisional
b.
APAR, alat pemadam api ringan
c.
Hydran atau nose reel
d.
Peralatan springkler
e.
Sistim deteksi dan alarm
Sistim proteksi pasif. a.
Tersedia fasilitas system control ventilasi asap
b.
Ada pintu dan tangga darurat kebakaran
c.
Lift kebakaran
d.
Tempat titik kumpul
e.
Pintu keluar dan jalur evakuasi
Ataupun aktivitas fire aktivitas fire safety management (pemeriksaan (pemeriksaan & pemeliharaan peralatan, latihan kebakaran, pembentukan tim internal, audit keselamatan kebakaran, penyusunan fire emergency plan) saja, tetapi gabungan dari ketiganya. Kesiapan personil yang ditunjang dengan peralatan proteksi (aktif maupun pasif) yang prima dan tersedianya prosedur emergency yang dapat dan sering dipraktekan (workable (workable)) akan menjamin keselamatan bangunan terhadap baha ya kebakaran dan kondisi emergency emergen cy lainnya.
Sist Si ste em pr oteksi to total
Sistem
Sistem pasif
Aktif
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4.
Standar Keamanan Fasilitas Fisik Bangunan Gedung
Setiap gedung dan bangunan rumah sakit dilengkapi fasilitas keamanan yang berfungsi melindungi semua manusia, asset didalam gedung tersebut. Bangunan bertingkat secara khusus dilengkap keselamatan dan keamanan (K3) bangunan. Beberata persyaratan standar keamanan pada bangunan rumah sakit sbb :
1.
Tersedia instalasi penangkap petir
2.
Terpasang fasilitas proteksi kebakaran
3.
Tersedia jalur evakuasi
4.
Tersedia jalan horizontal / ram
5.
Tersedia pintu atau tangga darurat
6.
Tersedia tempat berkumpul (titik ) kumpul
7.
Tersedia instalasi pengolahan limbah medis
8.
Tersedia tempat penyimpanan B3
9.
Tersedia tempat penampungan air bersih
10. Tersedia sumber listrik 11. Tersedia kamar isolasi 12. Tersedia area parkir, dll Semua standar kelengkapan fasilitas secara periodic dilakukan pemeliharaan, perawatan dan test uji kalibrasi secara komprehensif. Peralatan medis, mesin-mesin dan instalasi penting dipantau dan terdokumentasi. terdokume ntasi. Parameter pemeriksaan kesehatan lingkungan dilakukan bekerjasama dengan komite PPI, sedangkan pelaksanaan pemeriksaan fasilitas alat medis hanya dapat dilakukan seorang tenaga ahli elektromedis yang berpengalaman memiliki sertifikat keahlian khusus. Dalam pelaksanaan, pelaksanaan, stand standar ar a t a u langkah tersebut tersebut tidak tidak harus berurutan berurutan dan tidak
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BAB III TATA LAKSANA
Mengacu kepada standar keselamatan gedung dan keamanan fasilitas fisik seperti pokok bahasan bahas an pada BAB III, maka rumah sakit harus mendesign (merencanakan) (merencanak an) proses baru atau memperbaiki fasilitas yang ada, memonitor dan mengevaluasi kinerja melalui pengumpulan data, menganalisis secara intensif Kejadian Tidak Diharapkan, dan melakukan perubahan untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan kenyamanan gedung dan fasilitas di Rumah Sakit Umum "Darmayu". Berkaitan hal tersebut diatas maka perlu ada sasaran pencapaian standar keamanan bangunan gedung dan d an pengamanan fasilitas fisik di rumah sakit. A.
Pengamanan Gedung Dari Bencana Kebakaran 1.
Pemasangan Penangkal Petir
Bangunan gedung rumah sakit dilengkapi instalasi pengkal petir supaya terhindar dari kebakaran akibat sambaran petir. Ketentuan pemasangan instalasi penangkal petir sbb a.
Penangkal petir terpasang pada gedung/bangunan
b.
Kapasitas pengarah petir mampu melindungi gedung dari sambaran petir minimal radius 100 m2.
c.
Instalasi pengarah petir terbuat dari tembaga diameter 0.50 mm, dari tembaga
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5)
Pasang pengaman pada stopkontak
6)
Control isolator pada setiap sambungan
7)
Pakai T dos pada setiap terminal
8)
Pasang kawat grounding pada stand meter PLN
9)
Pasang tulisan peringatan “ AWAS TEGANGAN TINGGI “
10) Beri tanda stiker merah pada stop kontak khusus IPSRS 3.
Instalasi Hydrant (nose)
Hydrant terpasang dan berfungsi untuk mengatasi bencana kebakaran. Hydran bersifat proteksi kebakaran aktif, dipergunakan khusus memadamkan api yang membakar gedung, atau fasilitas vital di rumah sakit. Langkah penerapan: a.
Rumah sakit memasang instalasi Hydran di dalam dan luar gedung.
b.
Hydrant batang mampu mencangkau gedung yang terbakar sampai 100 m.
c.
Hydrant batang harus mempu menyerang api pada bangunan / gedung bertingkat dengan tekanan 15 bar.
d.
Menyediakan tendon air kapasitan lebih dari 100 m3 Cara Menggunakan Hydrant Jika terjadi Kebakaran
1)
Ambil nose rel dari tempat penyimpanan.
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a)
Jenis – jenis APAR: APAR:
1)
APAR jenis air
2)
APAR jenis tepung kimia
3)
APAR jenis busa
4)
APAR jenis CO2
5)
APAR jenis hallon
b) Cara Merawat :
Point-point yang harus dipenuhi setiap pelaksanaan pemeriksaan alat pemadam api ringan antara lain: 1)
Penempatan APAR (sesuai dengan yang direkomendasikan atau tidak);
2)
Bebas halangan dan mudah terlihat;
3)
Terdapat Operating Instruction yang Instruction yang dapat terbaca dengan jelas
4)
Segel & indikator tekanan tidak rusak, pecah, patah, atau hilang;
5)
Berat yang sesuai dengan kapasitasnya
6)
Indikator tekanan berfungsi dengan baik;
7)
Untuk unit yang menggunakan roda, diperlukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut pada roda tersebut, bisa beroperasi atau tidak;
8)
Terdapat label pada alat pemadam api tersebut (berkaitan denga jenisnya).
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Cabut PIN pengaman
Tekan katup untuk test alat
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APAR adalah pemadam api pengganti haloon yang berwawasan lingkungan tidak beracun tidak beracun, tidak menyebabkan me nyebabkan iritasi pada kulit
d) Ketentuan Penempatan APAR
Setiap bentangan 15 m disediakan satu (1) unit pemadam api ringan. Jenisnya pun disesuaikan fungsi ruangan. Tentu tempat pengolahan makanan, kamar obat dan di ruangan pasien menggunakan APAR jenis AF 11, tidak beracun dan tidak iritasi pada kulit.
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e)
Perawatan APAR
APAR perlu perawatan berkala. Setiap 6 bulan perlu dikontrol baik isi maupun selang dan nozzle. Dalam jangka waktu tertentu isi dari APAR bisa membeku sehingga tidak bisa digunakan. Oleh sebab itu maksimal 2 tahun sekali perlu diganti atau cukup Refiil ulang .
B.
Monitor Keamanan Area Yang Beresiko
Tujuannya adalah untuk mencegah kecelakaan dan cidera, menjaga kondisi bagi keselamatan dan keamanan pasien, keluarga, staf dan pengujung; serta mengurangi dan mengendalikan bahaya dan risiko. Ini khususnya penting selama masa pembangunan atau renovasi. Sebagai tambahan, untuk menjamin keamanan, semua staf, pengunjung, vendor/ pedagang dan lainnya di rumah sakit diidentifikasi dan diberi tanda pengenal
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khusus dimana suara-suara dari luar tidak dapat terdengar. Alarm kebakaran berupa: a.
Alarm
Kebakaran
Audio
yang
memberikan
isyarat
berupa
bunyi
khusus.
b. Alarm kebakaran Visual yang memberikan isyarat yang terlihat jelas, dipasang pada ruangan khusus, seperti pada perawatan orang tuli. sistem alarm kebakaran yang kebakaran yang baik harus mempunyai alat sensor yang baik secara kualitas fungsi dan tepat penempatan serta kegunaannya, maksudnya adalah alat yang dipakai mempunyai kualitas baik karena bahaya kebakaran adalah bahaya yang terjadi secara tiba – tiba – tiba dan tidak disangka terjadi begitu saja sensor yang dipakai haruslah alat yang siap sedia dan bekerja secara baik bila diperlukan, kita tidak membicarakan waktu 1 tahun atau dua tahun mungkin 5 – 10 tahun maka pekerjaan memelihara kualitas dan fungsi sensor – sensor harus dilakukan , setiap 3 bulan atau 6 bulan sekali sensor sistem alarm kebakaran dicek/ melakukan pengontrolan secara berkala, sebenarnya hanya memerlukan waktu 5-10
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Test fungsi springkler
3.
Pintu / Tangga Darurat dan Jalur Evakuasi Dari perencanaan pembangunan sebuah gedung harus ditempatkan pintu darurat dan jalur evakuasi bencana di
strategis, dekat dengan pintu keluar menuju titik
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6.
Jalan Horizontal / RAM Syarat jalan RAM sbb :
7.
a.
Kemiringan jalan ram maksimal 5 derajat
b.
Diberi railing / pegangan
c.
Bebas dari tumpukan barang-barang / meja, kursi dll
d.
Ada petunjuk dan tulisan jelas
e.
Diberi karpet atau keramik anti licin
Titik Kumpul Rumah sakit menyediakan tempat berkumpul apabila terjadi bencana kebakaran. Titik kumpul harus memenuhi persyaratan keamanan. Syarat-Syarat titik kumpul sbb : a)
Mudah diakses oleh korban bencana maupun penolong
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badan pengawas tersebut adalah Bapeten adalah Bapeten (Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir) Nuklir)..[1] Proteksi Radiasi yang dipakai sekarang ditetapkan oleh Komisi Internasional untuk Proteksi Radiasi (International Commission on Radiological Protection, Protection, ICRP) dalam suatu pernyataan yang mengatur pembatasan dosis radiasi, yang intinya sebagai berikut: 1.
Suatu kegiatan tidak akan dilakukan kecuali mempunyai keuntungan yang positif dibandingkan dengan risiko, yang dikenal sebagai azas justifikasi.
2.
Paparan radiasi diusahakan pada tingkat serendah mungkin yang bisa dicapai (as low as reasonably achievable, ALARA) dengan mempertimbangkan faktor ekonomi dan sosial, yang dikenal sebagai azas optimasi.
3.
Dosis perorangan tidak boleh melampaui batas yang direkomendasikan oleh ICRP untuk suatu lingkungan tertentu, yang dikenal sebagai azas limitasi. Proteksi Radiasi Di bidang Radiologi
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6)
Pasang lampu bahaya (merah)
7)
Tulisan “DILARANG MASUK “ selain petugas, dll mudah dibaca dan tidak terhalang. Informasi bahaya radiasi bagi bagi customers di rumah sakit dilakukan dalam bentuk pemasangan Tulisan peringatan perin gatan dilengkapi Simbol Simbo l bahaya radiasi.
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khususnya kemajuan teknologi laboratorium, maka resiko yang dihadapi petugas laboratorium di rumah sakit akan semakin meningkat. Petugas laboratorium merupakan orang pertama yang terpajan bahan biologi dan kimia yang merupakan bahan toksik korosif, mudah meledak dan terbakar. Selain itu dalam pekerjaannya menggunakan alat-alat yang mudah pecah, berionisasi dan radiasi serta alat-alat elektronik dengan voltase yang mematikan, dan
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7)
Ada tempat container LB3
8)
Pencahayaan
9)
Ada tempat Dekontaminasi
10) Sediakan APD 11) Lakukan pemeriksaan kalibrasi kalibrasi alat laboratorium
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f.
Syarat Teknis Pintu Dan Kamar Mandi 1)
Pintu a)
Pintu masuk ke ruang rawat inap, terdiri dari pintu ganda, masingmasing dengan lebar 90 cm dan 40 cm. Pada sisi pintu dengan den gan lebat
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tahun. Hal ini terjadi akibat menurunnya pengamanan gedung dari bahaya kebakaran. Itulah sebabnya pelatihan penanganan bencana kebakaran menjadi prioritas. Pelaksanaan pelatihan Disaster kebakaran mencakup rencana dan pengaturan latihan, prosedur pemadaman kebakaran, rencana darurat, evakuasi dan
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