Orchestra Symbols Note
Note modifier
Violin page 1
Rest
Length
British name
American name
4 crotchets semibreve
whole note
2 crotchets minim
half note
1 crotchet
crotchet
quarter note
½
crotchet
quaver
eighth note
¼
crotchet
semiquaver
sixteenth no n o te
#
Name shar sharp p
Effect makes akes a not note e high higher er (mov (move e fing finger er towa towarrds bri bridge) dge)
§
natu atural
can anc cels a previous sh sharp arp or or fla flat
b
fl at
makes a note lower (move finger towards scroll)
• (to right of note) dot
makes a note or rest 50% longer
– a ʻdotted minimʼ – takes 3 crotchet beats – a ʻdotted crotchetʼ – takes 1½ crotchet beats down bow start start bow bow at the the heel (the (the square square end) end) up bow bow star tart bow bow at the the titip (th (the e poi point nty y end) end)
!
!
Time Time ignatures The to number gives the number of beats in each bar. The b tto number gives the ote in each beat. ! ! 3 crotchet beats ! 4 crotchet beats ! or " in each bar in each bar ! ! 2 crotchet beats ! 2 minim beats ! or " in each bar in each bar
Exception If the bottom number is 8 (quaver), the beat is u ually a dotted crotchet (3 quavers). ! 2 dotted crotchet beats " in each bar ! 1 dotted crotchet beat " in each bar
" " " " " ! """" """" """ Pitch
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
D Major scale
D Major arpeggio
D Harmonic Minor scale
D Melodic Minor scale
G
A
! " " #" " " " #" " #" " " " #" " " ! " #" " " " #" "
! " " " " " #" $" " $" #" " " " " " ! " " " " " #" $" " #" %" " " " " " Copyright © 2009 Launceston Youth and Community Orchestra Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Australia License. To To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/au/ , or write to Creative Commons, 171 2nd Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. This document is available from the LYCO Sheet Music Archive ( http://sheetmusic.lyco.org.au http://sheetmusic.lyco.org.au). ). Revised 19/03/2009.
Orchestra Symbols
Violin page 2
Dynamic
Italian
pp
pianissimo
very soft
p
piano
soft
mp
mezzo piano
moderately soft
mf
mezzo forte
moderately loud
forte
loud
fortissimo
very loud
f
Tempo !
Abbreviation Meaning
crescendo
cresc.
gradually become louder
diminuendo
dim.
gradually become softer
Italian fermata ritenuto accelerando
Abbreviation Meaning pause rit. held back accel. speed up
Technique Italian arco pizzicato
Abbreviation Meaning bow the strings pizz. pluck the strings
Structure
Abbreviation D.C. D.C. al Fine D.C. al Fine
Italian Da Capo Da Capo al Fine Da Capo al Coda
Meaning return to the start, play to the end return to the start, play to the Fine return to the start, play to the !
Dal Segno D.S. start from the ! Dal Segno al Fine D.S. al Fine start from the ! , play to the fine Dal Segno al Coda D.S. al Coda start from the ! , play to the ! Fine Segno To Coda
!
!
finish (only after you pass a D.C. al Fine or D.S. al Fine ) sign (come back here after a Dal Segno ) tail (go from the ! in the music to the ! at the end, only after you pass a D.C. al Coda or D.S. al coda )
Structure examples
# !" $
!" "
Fine
$
$ $
$ To Coda
" "
% Ø
D.S. al Coda
" "
D.C. al Fine
$ Ø CODA
!#
$
1. Play from the beginning to the D.C. al Fine . 2. Return to the beginning, play to the Fine . 1. Play from the beginning to the D.S. al Coda. 2. Play from the ! to the To Coda ! . 3. Play from the ! Coda to the end.
Copyright © 2009 Launceston Youth and Community Orchestra Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Australia License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/au/ , or write to Creative Commons, 171 2nd Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. This document is available from the LYCO Sheet Music Archive ( http://sheetmusic.lyco.org.au). Revised 19/03/2009.