Oracle Database 10g Migration to ASM

Oracle Database 10g Migration to Automatic Storage Management An Oracle White Paper August 2004

Oracle Database 10g Migration to Automatic Storage Management

Executive Executive Overview.................. Overview............................. ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ................. ...... 3 Introduction Introduction............ ....................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...................... ............... 3 Database Database Migration Migration to ASM overview overview .................... ............................... ...................... ..................... ................. ....... 3 Cold Migration Migration ....................... .................................. ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ............... ... 3 Hot Migration........... Migration...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................... .................. ...... 4 Database Database Migration Migration – Detailed Detailed Steps ..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... ................... ........ 5 Assumptions Assumptions........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................... ....................... .................... ......... 5 Choosing Choosing the correct correct method ..................... ................................ ...................... ..................... ..................... ................ ..... 6 Cold Migration............ Migration....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ........... 6 Hot Migration Migration ..................... ................................ ...................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ...................... .............. ... 6 Cold Migration Migration to ASM ...................... ................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................... .............. 8 1. Cold Migration Migration - Pre Migration ...................... ................................. ...................... ...................... ............... 8 2. Cold Migration - First First Outage – Recovery Recovery Area moves to ASM.. 9 3. Cold Migration - Database Database Backup Backup ..................... ............................... ..................... .................. ....... 11 4. Cold Migration - Second Second Outage – Data Area moves to ASM... ASM... 12 5. Cold Migration Migration - Post Migration ...................... ................................. ...................... .................... ......... 15 Hot Migration Migration to ASM....................... ASM.................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ............. 16 1. Hot Migration - Pre Migration.............. Migration. .......................... .......................... ........................... ................. ... 16 2. Hot Migration Migration - The Switch ...................... ................................ ..................... ...................... .................. ....... 18 3. Hot Migration - Post Migration.......................... Migration..................................... ...................... .................. ....... 20 Conclusion........... Conclusion...................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ................ 21 Appendix 1: Migrating ASM Disk Groups Back to Original Database Storage......... Storage..................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ...................... ..........22 22


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EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

In Oracle Database 10g, storage management and provisioning for the database has becomes much more simplified with a new feature called Automatic Storage Management (ASM). ASM provides filesystem and volume manager capabilities built into the Oracle database kernel. With this capability, ASM simplifies storage management tasks, such as creating/laying out databases and disk space management. Since ASM allows disk management to be done using familiar create/alter/drop SQL statements, DBAs do not need to learn a new skill set or make crucial decisions on provisioning. This white paper describes two methods of migrating the Oracle database from its current storage to ASM. INTRODUCTION

With the introduction of Oracle Database 10g, Oracle now provides Automatic Storage Management (ASM) that is optimized for Oracle files. You may decide to migrate to ASM with a piecemeal approach by allocating new Oracle data files into ASM as the database grows, however to receive the full benefits of ASM such as the ability to add or remove storage from the database configuration with automated balancing of the distribution of the data files without downtime, the entire database should be migrated to ASM. This white paper introduces two methods to migrate an existing database completely from legacy storage to ASM. DATABASE MIGRATION TO ASM OVERVIEW

There are two migration methods, cold migration and hot migration, described in this white paper. Both of these migration methods use Recovery Manager (RMAN) as RMAN is the utility that must be used to recover a database that is located on an ASM disk group. The migration method to use depends upon the amount of storage and processing capacity available, and the amount of down time that can be tolerated. Cold Migration

The cold migration method is used when there is insufficient unallocated disk space available to hold a full copy of the database. This method consists of two phases:


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the first phase migrates the flash recovery area, which contains recovery related files such as archived redo logs and database backups. The second phase migrates the data and redo log files. Both phases of the cold migration can be completed during a single maintenance window or spread over the course of multiple days or eve n weeks. Hot Migration

The hot migration method is used when there is sufficient, unallocated disk space that can be used for ASM. The amount of disk space required for hot migration depends on the backup strategy and the amount of disk space used by disk-based backups. The minimum amount amount of unallocated unallocated disk space required is equivalent to at least the size of the database. This method consists of a preparation phase that builds and configures the ASM storage while the database remains online followed by a short outage phase that switches the database to the new ASM storage while the database is offline.


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DATABASE MIGRATION – DETAILED STEPS

The following pages describe the migration of an Oracle Database 10g database from Unix File Systems to ASM. The database is a s ingle instance database residing on Redhat Linux, but the procedure is identical for users migrating from a Cluster File System or RAW partitions, irrespective of the Operating System 1. Assumptions

The following assumptions have been made about the environment. The database area (init.ora:db_create_file_dest) for the database resides on the Unix file system /oradata, and is striped and mirrored over 4 individual disks. The recovery area (init.ora:db_recovery_file_dest) for the database resides on the Unix file system /flash_recovery, and is striped and mirrored over 4 individual disks. The database has two redo log members per group, one on the /oradata file system and the other on the /flash_recovery file system. The database has two control files, one on the /oradata file system and the other on the /flash_recovery file system. There are 8 additional disks available for the Hot Migration. The following picture represents the disk layout before and after the migration is completed.

Note: For

more information on ASM best practices and failure groups, please take a look at the following links:





ASM on OTN Oracle Database Administrator's Guide, Chapter 12

1 The

commands may differ from those described below depending upon the Operating System.


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Choosing the correct method

Use the table below to assist in determining the available migration methods based upon the amount of disk space required for the migration Disk Space Availability

Method

Outage Time

Not enough space to contain the database and recovery area

Cold Migration

First Outage Proportional Proportional to storage reconfiguration and log file member recreation Second Outage Proportional to database restore and recovery

Sufficient space to create a second copy of the database and recovery area

Hot Migration

Only One Outage Proportional to database recovery from disk

Cold Migration

Cold Migration is required when there is not enough disk space to make an ASM disk group large enough to contain a copy of the database and recovery area files during the course of the migration. This can be done using RMAN with two methods: disk or tape. Cold Migration using Disk

Cold Migration using disk relies on the ability to create a full RMAN backup in the Flash Recovery Area to speed up the time take for the database to be restored during the second outage. Cold Migration using Tape

Cold Migration using tape is the slowest method to migrate to ASM and requires the use of tape devices to hold the backup of the database. The method described below assumes that the default device type for backup’s has been set to tape using the RMAN configure command. Hot Migration

Hot Migration is possible when there is sufficient disk space available to create an ASM disk group to contain a duplicate of the database during the course of the migration.


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Hot Migration to New Storage

Hot Migration to new storage relies upon the additional allocation of disk space to be available on a permanent basis. This method is ideal in the event that new storage is being added to hold the database, and the current storage is remaining in place to be used to hold disk backups. Hot Migration with Current Storage

Hot Migration with current storage utilizes the temporary presence of additional storage. The method has additional steps that are documented in Appendix 1 of the paper, and is used when the disk space s pace is available for a limited amount of time. The ultimate goal is to migrate the database back to the original storage system after it is configured with ASM.


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Cold Migration to ASM

There are five phases to the migration of a database from Unix File Systems to ASM. 1. Cold Migration - Pre Migration 2. Cold Migration - First Outage – Recovery Area moves to ASM 3. Cold Migration - Database Backup 4. Cold Migration - Second Outage – Data Area moves to ASM 5. Cold Migration - Post Migration 1. Cold Migration - Pre Migration

During this phase of the migration, there is no outage to the database. Create the ASM Instance init.ora file Create an SPFILE for the ASM Instance Start the ASM Instance Save any backups to tape Create the ASM Instance init.ora file

The ASM Instance is created using a special init.ora file. A typical ASM init.ora file is as follows; *.instance_type='asm' *.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED' *.large_pool_size=12M *.asm_power_limit=10 *.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/bdump' *.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/cdump' *.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/udump' *.asm_diskstring='/dev/raw/raw*'

Oracle defaults the ASM instance to have an Oracle SID of ‘+ASM’ Create an SPFILE for the ASM Instance

It is considered best practice to create an spfile for the ASM Instance so that the asm_diskgroups parameter is automatically updated when a new disk group is created. With this parameter set, the proper ASM disk groups are mounted when the ASM Instance is subsequently started. $ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM $ sqlplus “/as sysdba” Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created.

Start the ASM Instance

The ASM instance is started no mount in the same way that any other Oracle Instance may be started. SQL> startup nomount


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ASM instance started Total System Global Area Fixed Size Variable Size Database Buffers Redo Buffers

These backups will not be used to aid the migration of the database to ASM. However, it is strongly recommended that these backups be saved to an alternate location such as tape, because the contents of the current Recovery Area will be destroyed during this migration.

100663296 783672 99879624 0 0

bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes

Save any backups to tape

Prior to the start of the first outage, any backups that need to be saved should be copied to tape or to an alternate location. The following example assumes that RMAN is being used to transfer the backups to tape. Save current backup sets to tape RMAN> backup device type sbt backupset all delete input;

Save current data file copies to tape RMAN> backup device type sbt datafilecopy all delete input;

Save current archive log files to tape RMAN> backup device type sbt archivelog all delete input;

2. Cold Migration - First Outage – Recovery Area moves moves to ASM

During this phase, the database must be shutdown so that the storage currently used for the recovery area may be reformatted for use by ASM. Clear the old Recovery Area Prepare the disks for use by ASM Change the permissions on the disk device file Create the Recovery Area Disk Group Prepare the Production Database to use the ASM disk group Clear the old Recovery Area

Remove the redo log members from the /flash_recovery file system. Query v$logfile and for all files residing in the /flash_recovery file system, and then drop the redo log member. This should be completed for both online and standby redo log files. SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/flash_recovery/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_0fpqygx6_.log';

Shutdown the database and then remount RMAN> shutdown immediate; RMAN> startup mount

Backup and remove any final archive log files that might have been generated. RMAN> backup device type sbt archivelog all delete input;

Disable Flashback Database – if it is currently in use. SQL> alter database flashback off;

Query the v$controlfile view, and redefine the control_file parameter in the spfile so that the database will not reference the /flash_recovery file system copy. SQL> select name from v$controlfile;


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NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fpqyfw7_.ctl /flash_recovery/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fpqyg20_.ctl SQL> alter system set control_files= '/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fpqyfw7_.ctl' scope=spfile;

Shutdown the database SQL> shutdown immediate;

Unmount the flash recovery area file system # umount /flash_recovery

Prepare the disks for use by ASM

This step varies depending on the operating system. For example, on Linux, the device that the original file system was built on must be removed, the RAID device must be stopped, and then the disks must have a RAW device created over the block device. Change the permissions on the disk device file

The ASM Instance runs as the Oracle user and therefore the permissions of the disk device files for all the disks that will be used by ASM should be changed so that the ASM instance has write access. # chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[5-8] # chmod 640 /dev/raw/raw[5-8]

Create the Recovery Area Disk Group

Using the disk device files created previously, the ASM disk group for the Recovery Area can be built. Assuming the Recovery Area is to be built on 4 disks with two failure groups the command would be. SQL> create diskgroup RECOVERY_AREA normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw5’,’/dev/raw/raw6’ failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw7’,’/dev/raw/raw8’; Diskgroup created.

Prepare the Production Database to use the ASM disk group

With the creation of the ASM disk group, the Oracle database instance must be instructed to use the ASM disk group for recovery related files. The Oracle database instance must be mounted to allow the changes to proceed SQL> startup mount

When an ASM Disk Group is used i n an Oracle database, the disk group name is prefixed by a “+” sign.

Change the “db_recovery_file_dest” parameter to point to the RECOVERY_AREA disk group. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY_AREA' scope=both;

Re-enable flashback database if required SQL> alter database flashback on;

Re-establish the redo logfile members back into the database. SQL> alter database add logfile member '+RECOVERY_AREA' to group 1; SQL> alter database add logfile member '+RECOVERY_AREA' to group 2; SQL> alter database add logfile member '+RECOVERY_AREA' to group 3;


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Re-establish the second control file back into the database SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fpqyfw7_.ctl SQL> alter system set control_files= '/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl', '+RECOVERY_AREA/mycontrol.ctl' scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown SQL> startup nomount; RMAN> restore controlfile from '/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fpqyfw7_.ctl'; RMAN> alter database mount;

Open the database SQL> alter database open;

This concludes the first outage. The database is now available and recovery related files would be written to the ASM disk group. 3. Cold Migration - Database Backup

The database is available and the Oracle instance is using the original storage for the database area and the ASM disk group ( +RECOVERY_AREA ) for flash recovery area files. We can now prepare for the second phase of the migration. Enable optimized incremental backups Make the initial database backup to the ASM Disk Group Remove the redo logfile member Create an incremental backup of the database to the ASM Disk Group Enable optimized incremental backups

Oracle 10g introduced optimized incremental backups via the use of the block change-tracking file. If block change tracking has not been enabled previously on the database, then it should be enabled for the duration of the ASM migration. The use of the block change-tracking file will reduce the time that the final incremental backups take to run. SQL> alter database enable block change tracking;

If there is insufficient space in the recovery area for a full database backup, this backup must be directed

Make the initial database backup to the ASM Disk Group

This phase will make the initial backup set of the Oracle database. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database tag ‘ASM_Migration’;

to a tape device. This backup, along with the level 1 backup taken below,

Remove the redo logfile member

will be restored during the migration

Remove the redo log members from the /oradata file system. Query v$logfile and for all files residing in the /oradata file system, and drop the redo log member.

of the database to ASM

SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_0fpqyp56_.log';


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Create an incremental backup of the database to the ASM Disk Group It is advisable that this phase is repeated on a regular basis in the lead up to the scheduled outage. When the final transfer occurs, which requires an outage to the database, the time for the outage will be reduced if there is less data needing to be recovered. Ideally, this command should complete just before the scheduled outage commences.

This phase will create an incremental backup of the database in the RECOVERY_AREA ASM Disk Group. Using RMAN create an incremental level 1 backup of the database, and restore the backup into the database copy. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database tag 'ASM_Migration';

4. Cold Migration - Second Outage – Data Area moves to ASM ASM

This is the start of the second and longer outage phase. Prepare the control file for ASM Disk Groups Drop the temporary files that reside on the file system Shutdown the database and unmount the file system Prepare the disks for use by ASM Migrate the Control File to the official locations on both ASM Disk Groups Restore the database files from the backup Restore the temporary files Prepare the control file for ASM Disk Groups

Ensure that the directory structure exists in the new ASM Disk Group for the control files. SQL> alter database backup controlfile to ‘+RECOVERY_AREA’;

Determine the value of the db_unique_name init.ora parameter. If the DB_UNIQUE_NAME is not set,

SQL> show parameter db_unique_name

then the DB_UNIQUE_NAME defaults to the value of the DB_NAME parameter.

NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------db_unique_name string ORCL SQL> show parameter db_name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------db_name string ORCL

Now we must capture the current control file name The control file that resides in the

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

+RECOVERY_AREA disk group will be referenced in a later step in this section.

NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl +RECOVERY_AREA/mycontrol.ctl

Finally, we must update the control_file parameter in the spfile SQL> alter system set control_files = ’+RECOVERY_AREA/mycontrol.ctl’ scope=spfile;

Drop the temporary files that reside on the file system

First restart the database to a mount state SQL> shutdown immediate;


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SQL> startup mount;

then, identify the current temporary files and their file size SQL> select bytes, name from v$tempfile; BYTES NAME ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------20971520 /oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_0fpr0dbs_.tmp

Drop the temporary files SQL> alter database tempfile ‘/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_0fpr0dbs_.tmp’ drop;

Shutdown the database and unmount the file system

We now need to shutdown the database in preparation for the creation of the ASM DATA_AREA Disk Group SQL> shutdown immediate

Unmount the Data Area file system # umount /oradata

Prepare the disk for ASM Usage

Repeat Prepare the disks for use by ASM and Change the permissions on the disk device file on page 10 for the new disks that will be added to the Data Area Disk Group. Create the Data Area Disk Group - Assuming that the Data Area is to be built on the following 4 disks, with two failure groups SQL> create diskgroup DATA_AREA normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw1’,’/dev/raw/raw2’ failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw3’,’/dev/raw/raw4’; Diskgroup created.

Migrate the Control File to the official locations on both ASM Disk Groups

Mount the database SQL> startup mount

We must first ensure that the directory structure exists in the newly created ASM Disk Group for the control files. SQL> alter database backup controlfile to ‘+DATA_AREA’;

Now we must update the control_file parameter in the spfile Substitute the {DB_UNIQUE_NAME} with the value previously identified. In this example the DB_UNIQUE_NAME is ORCL

SQL> alter system set control_files = ’+DATA_AREA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/CONTROLFILE/mycontrol.ctl’, ’+RECOVERY_AREA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/CONTROLFILE/mycontrol.ctl’ scope=spfile;

First step is to shutdown the database cleanly. SQL> shutdown immediate

Now we need to startup the instance with the nomount option in preparation for restoring the control files. SQL> startup nomount

Restore one of the original control files into the new control file locations. RMAN> restore controlfile from '+RECOVERY_AREA/mycontrol.ctl'; Starting restore at 25-JUN-04 using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog


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allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=106 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: copied controlfile copy output filename=+DATA_AREA/ORCL/controlfile/cmycontrol.ctl output filename=+RECOVERY_AREA/ORCL/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl Finished restore at 25-JUN-04

Restore the database files from the backup

Update the configuration SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='+DATA_AREA';

Bring the database to a mounted state RMAN> alter database mount;

Restore the database to the DATA_AREA Disk Group For each file in the database, issue the “set newname for datafile n to n to new;” command.

RMAN> run { set newname for datafile set newname for datafile set newname for datafile set newname for datafile set newname for datafile restore database; switch datafile all; recover database; }

1 2 3 4 5

to to to to to

new; new; new; new; new;

The Block Change Tracking file must now either be dropped, or relocated to the ASM Disk Group RMAN> sql "alter database disable block change tracking"; sql statement: alter database disable block change tracking RMAN> sql "alter database enable block change tracking"; sql statement: alter database enable block change tracking

And the database can be opened. RMAN> alter database open;

Restore the temporary files

In the alert log, a message reporting that a number of temporary tablespaces contain no datafiles ******************************************************************* ** WARNING: The following temporary tablespaces contain no files. This condition can occur when a backup controlfile has been restored. It may be necessary to add files to these tablespaces. That can be done using the SQL statement: ALTER TABLESPACE ADD TEMPFILE Alternatively, if these temporary tablespaces are no longer needed, then they can be dropped. Empty temporary tablespace: TEMP ******************************************************************* **

Add the temporary file to the necessary tablespaces SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile;

Alternatively, if the temporary file size is to be controlled SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile size 20480k;


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Restore the redo log file members

At present, there is only one redo log file member per group that resides in the ASM RECOVERY_AREA Disk Group. Re-establish the second redo log member on the +DATA_AREA diskgroup for all online and standby redo log groups. SQL> alter database add logfile member '+DATA_AREA' to group 1;

5. Cold Migration - Post Migration

All that remains is to validate that all files have been moved to the ASM Disk Groups We can now query the database and ensure that all files reside in either the DATA_AREA or RECOVERY_AREA ASM Disk Group SQL> select name from v$datafile union select name from v$tempfile union select member from v$logfile union select name from v$controlfile union select filename from v$block_change_tracking union select name from v$flashback_database_logfile; NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------+DATA_AREA/orcl/changetracking/ctf.262.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.260.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/system.258.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.259.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/users.261.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.264.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.265.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.266.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/tempfile/temp.263.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/flashback/log_1.256.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.


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Hot Migration to ASM

There are three phases to the migration of a database from Unix File Systems to ASM. 1. Hot Migration - Pre Migration 2. Hot Migration - The Switch 3. Hot Migration - Post Migration Optionally, if the additional storage required by the hot migration needs to be removed, perform Appendix perform Appendix 1: Migrating ASM Disk Groups Back to Original Database Storage. 1. Hot Migration - Pre Migration

During this phase of the migration, there is no outage to the primary database. Prepare the ASM Instance Create the Data Area Disk Group Create the Recovery Area Disk Group Prepare the Production Database for ASM Disk Group usage Migrate the current RMAN backups to the Recovery Area Make the initial copy of the Oracle Datafiles Migrate the Oracle Redo Log and Standby Redo Log files to ASM Disk Groups Migrate the tempfiles to ASM Disk Groups Refresh the previous copy of the Oracle Datafiles Prepare the ASM Instance

Repeat “Prepare “Prepare the disks for use by ASM” ASM” through “Start “Start the ASM Instance” Instance ” commencing on page 10 for the new disks that will be added to the Data Area Disk Group. The new disk devices being added to the system are /dev/raw/raw9 through /dev/raw/raw16

Create the Data Area Disk Group

Assuming that the Data Area is to be built on the following 4 disks, with two failure groups SQL> create diskgroup DATA_AREA normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw9’,’/dev/raw/raw10’ failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11’,’/dev/raw/raw12’; Diskgroup created.

Create the Recovery Area Disk Group

Assuming that the Recovery Area is to be built on the following 4 disks, with two failure groups SQL> create diskgroup RECOVERY_AREA normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw13’,’/dev/raw/raw14’


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failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw15’,’/dev/raw/raw16’; Diskgroup created.

Prepare the Production Database for ASM Disk Group usage

The next phase is to advise the production database that ASM Disk Groups should be used for all new data files as well as all recovery area usage. Change the db_create_file_dest init.ora parameter to point to the DATA_AREA diskgroup. SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='+DATA_AREA' scope=both;

Change the db_recovery_file_dest init.ora parameter to point to the RECOVERY_AREA diskgroup. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='+RECOVERY_AREA' scope=both;

Migrate the current RMAN backups to the Recovery Area

This phase will migrate all the current RMAN backups in the recovery area to the ASM Disk Group. Move current backup sets to the ASM disk groups RMAN> backup backupset all delete input;

Move current data file copies to the ASM disk groups RMAN> backup as copy datafilecopy all delete input;

Move current archive log files RMAN> backup as copy archivelog all delete input;

The Block Change Tracking file cannot be moved to the ASM Disk Group, which means that the all Level 1

If Database Block Change Tracking has been enabled previously, the file must be recreated in the ASM Disk Groups. SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;

backups taken after the Block Change

Database altered.

Tracking file has been recreated will

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking;

not be able to exploit the Block Change Tracking file.

In order to exploit the Block Change Tracking file, a new level 0 backup must be taken.

Database altered.

If Database Block Change Tracking has not been enabled previously on the database, then it must be enabled for the duration of the ASM Migration. SQL> alter database enable block change tracking; Database altered.

Make the initial copy of the Oracle Datafiles

This phase will make copies of all the Oracle datafiles in to the DATA_AREA ASM Disk Group Using RMAN backup the database using the ‘AS COPY’ syntax. RMAN> backup device type disk incremental level 0 as copy tag 'ASM_Migration' database format '+DATA_AREA';

Migrate the Oracle Redo Log and Standby Redo Log files to ASM Disk Groups

This phase will move the Oracle redo log files and Oracle s tandby redo log files to ASM Disk Groups. How the new redo log files are added, depends upon the


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number of redo log members that control control file can support. The following example example assumes a maximum of 3 redo log members per group. Identify the current redo log members SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER --------------------------------------------------------------------------/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_0fs38tdh_.log /flash_recovery/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_0fs38tyq_.log /oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_0fs38vmw_.log /flash_recovery/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_0fs393bj_.log /oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_0fs3942r_.log /flash_recovery/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_0fs39c12_.log

Since you cannot drop a member from the current logfile group, you must switch logs at least once.

For each redo log group, Drop one of the two current redo log members. SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/flash_recovery/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_0fs38tyq_.log';

Add the two new redo log members SQL> alter database add logfile member '+DATA_AREA','+RECOVERY_AREA' to group 1;

Before a logfile member can be dropped, a new member must have been initialized, so each logfile group must be switched into at a minimum.

And finally drop the other original redo log member SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_0fs38tdh_.log';

Migrate the tempfiles to ASM Disk Groups

First identify the current temporary files and their sizes, SQL> select bytes, name from v$tempfile; BYTES NAME ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------20971520 /oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_0fs3bq8w_.tmp

Add the new temporary file SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile size 20m;

Then remove the original temporary file SQL> alter database tempfile '/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_0fs3bq8w_.tmp' drop;

It is advisable that this phase is repeated on a regular basis leading up to the scheduled outage. When the

Refresh the previous copy of the Oracle Datafiles

This phase will refresh the copies of all the Oracle datafiles in the DATA_AREA ASM Disk Group

final transfer occurs, which requires an outage to the database, the time for the outage will be reduced if recovery is minimized. Ideally, this command should be completed just before the scheduled outage commences.

Using RMAN create an incremental level 1 backup of the database, and restore the backup into the database copy. RMAN> run { backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'ASM_Migration' database; recover copy of database with tag 'ASM_Migration'; }

2. Hot Migration - The Switch

This is the start of the outage phase, which should be k ept to a minimum of steps Prepare the control_file from ASM Disk Groups


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Switching the database data files to ASM Disk Groups Move the Flashback Database Log Files Prepare the control_file from ASM Disk Groups

We must first ensure that the directory structure e xists in the new ASM Disk Groups for the control files. SQL> alter database backup controlfile to ‘+DATA_AREA’; SQL> alter database backup controlfile to ‘+RECOVERY_AREA’;

We must now determine the value of the db_unique_name init.ora parameter. parameter. If the DB_UNIQUE_NAME is not set,

SQL> show parameter db_name

then the DB_UNIQUE_NAME defaults to the value of the DB_NAME parameter.

NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- -------------------------db_name string ORCL SQL> show parameter db_unique_name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- -------------------------db_unique_name string ORCL SQL>

Now we must update the control_file parameter in the spfile SQL> alter system set control_files = ’+DATA_AREA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/CONTROLFILE/mycontrol.ctl’, ’+RECOVERY_AREA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/CONTROLFILE/mycontrol.ctl’ scope=spfile;

Finally, we must capture the current control file name SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fs38sx3_.ctl /flash_recovery/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fs38t2w_.ctl

Switching the database data files to ASM Disk Groups

First step is to shutdown the database cleanly. RMAN> shutdown immediate;

Now we need to nomount the instance in preparation for restoring the c ontrol files. RMAN> startup nomount

Restore one of the original control files into the new control file locations. RMAN> restore controlfile from '/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_0fs38sx3_.ctl'; Starting restore at 25-JUN-04 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=270 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: copied controlfile copy output filename=+DATA_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl output filename=+RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl Finished restore at 25-JUN-04

Now we need to mount the database RMAN> alter database mount;

Switch the database to use the backup datafiles copies created previously. RMAN> switch database to copy;


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Since there is a degree of change between the time the last incremental backup was taken and the database being shutdown, we must recover the datafile copies. RMAN> recover database;

Move the Flashback Database Log Files

We must now disable and re-enable Flashback Database so that the flashback log files are recreated in the ASM Recovery Rec overy Area disk group. RMAN> sql "alter database flashback off"; sql statement: alter database flashback off RMAN> sql "alter database flashback on"; sql statement: alter database flashback on

And then we can open the database RMAN> alter database open;

3. Hot Migration - Post Migration

All that remains is to remove the block change-tracking file and to validate that all files have been moved to the ASM Disk Groups If Block Change Tracking was enabled for the purpose of the migration, then this should now be disabled SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;

We can now query the database and ensure that all files reside in either the DATA_AREA or RECOVERY_AREA ASM Disk Group SQL> select name from v$controlfile union select name from v$datafile union select name from v$tempfile union select member from v$logfile union select filename from v$block_change_tracking union select name from v$flashback_database_logfile; NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------+DATA_AREA/orcl/changetracking/ctf.256.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.259.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/system.257.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/datafile/users.260.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.263.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.264.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.265.1 +DATA_AREA/orcl/tempfile/temp.266.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/controlfile/mycontrol.ctl +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/flashback/log_1.276.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.265.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.266.1 +RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.267.1


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CONCLUSION

This white paper has provided two different methods of moving an existing Oracle Database 10g database from a traditional file sy stem configuration into Oracle’s Automatic Storage Management, depending upon the amount of storage available to the customer and the amount of down time the customer can tolerate.


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APPENDIX 1: MIGRATING ASM DISK GROUPS BACK TO ORIGINAL DATABASE STORAGE

Following the completion of the HOT Migration to Automatic Storage Management, the database and recovery area is residing on the new storage. If it is necessary to move the database back to the original storage, the following sequence of events can be performed online. This might be the case if you borrowed storage to accomplish this migration that needs to be returned. Login to the ASM Instance $ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM $ sqlplus “/as sysdba”

Identify the ASM Disk Name, Disk Group Name of the disks to be removed SQL> select failgroup,name from v$asm_disk FAILGROUP ----------------------------CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER1

NAME -----------------------------RECOVERY_AREA_0003 RECOVERY_AREA_0002 RECOVERY_AREA_0001 RECOVERY_AREA_0000 DATA_AREA_0003 DATA_AREA_0002 DATA_AREA_0001 DATA_AREA_0000

Now we can modify the disk group, remove the temporary storage and add the original storage back into the ASM Disk Group. Before the disks can be added into the appropriate disk group, the original storage must be formatted for use by ASM. SQL> alter diskgroup data_area drop disk data_area_0000, data_area_0001, data_area_0002, data_area_0003 add failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw1’,’/dev/raw/raw2’ failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw3’,’/dev/raw/raw4’; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup data_area drop disk recovery_area_0000, recovery_area_0001, recovery_area_0002, recovery_area_0003 add failgroup controller1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw5’,’/dev/raw/raw6’ failgroup controller2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw7’,’/dev/raw/raw8’; Diskgroup altered.

To check the status of the rebalance operation, that that occurs in the background, query the v$asm_operation view; SQL> select * from v$asm_operation; GROUP_NUMBER OPERA STAT POWER ACTUAL SOFAR EST_WORK EST_RATE EST_MINUTES ------------ ----- ---- ------ ------ ----- -------- -------- ---------1 REBAL RUN 10 10 72 2114 1254 1

Once the rebalance operation has been completed indicated by no information being returned from the v$asm_operation view, query the v$asm_disk view again to verify that the diskgroup is using the original disks. SQL> select path,failgroup,name from v$asm_disk PATH FAILGROUP NAME --------------- --------------- -------------------/dev/raw/raw9


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/dev/raw/raw10 /dev/raw/raw11 /dev/raw/raw12 /dev/raw/raw13 /dev/raw/raw14 /dev/raw/raw15 /dev/raw/raw16 /dev/raw/raw8 /dev/raw/raw7 /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/raw/raw1

CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER2 CONTROLLER1 CONTROLLER1

RECOVERY_AREA_0007 RECOVERY_AREA_0006 RECOVERY_AREA_0005 RECOVERY_AREA_0004 DATA_AREA_0007 DATA_AREA_0006 DATA_AREA_0005 DATA_AREA_0004

The temporary storage may now be removed from the system.


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Oracle Database 10g Migration to Automatic Storage Management August 2004 Author: Andrew Babb Contributing Authors:, Ray Dutcher, Susan Kornberg, Lawrence To, Doug Utzig, James Viscusi, Pradeep Bhat, Tammy Bednar, Paul Manning Oracle Corporation World Headquarters 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A. Worldwide Inquiries: Phone: +1.650.506.7000 Fax: +1.650.506.7200 www.oracle.com Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. Various product and service names referenced herein may be trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other product and service names mentioned may be trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright © 2001 Oracle Corporation All rights reserved.

Oracle Database 10g Migration to ASM

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