Operating Systems 8th Edition Cheat Sheet (up to chapter 6)

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OS: program  program that manages the computer hardware. Provides a basis for application programs programs Process, which is a program in execution, contains program code (i & acts as an intermediary between the the computer user & the hardware.  program counter, stack (temporary data like local variables), data se OS Goals: Execute user programs, Ease of Use/Efficient Use of Hardware heap, (memory allocated dynamically) 4 component of computers: hardware, OS, the applications programs, Process States: programs, & the users. New: The process is b Two viewpoints of OS: Running: Instructions User View Varies based on interface used Single user, terminal ,workstation Waiting: The process System View: OS is the program most involved with the hardware. to occur (such as I/O c 1. Resource allocator: Os acts as manager of resources: CPU time, memory Ready: The process is space, file-store space, IO. Must decide between conflicting requests of  a processor. resources for fair & efficient use. Terminated. The proc 2. Control Program: manages the execution of user programs to prevent execution. errors and improper use of the computer. Mostly concerned with the PCB (Process control block) contains: operation and control of I/O devices  Process State (new, ready, etc) Kernel: the one program running at all times on the computer. (Aka the OS) Read Free For 30this Days Sign up to vote on title next ins Systems programs: associated with the OS but are not part of the kernel Program Counter (address of Useful CPUNot useful Applications Programs: include all programs not associated with system operation. registers (accumulators, general Cancel anytime. Mutiprogramming increase CPU utilization so that the CPU always has jobs jobs to execute. CPU scheduling information (process Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. A trap (or an exception) is a software-generated interrupt caused by an error or by a specific scheduling queues) request from a user program that an operating system service be performed. Memory management information (v • •

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Operating Systems 8th Edition Cheat Sheet (up to chapter 6)

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Dispatcher: gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short term scheduler. Scheduling criteria: CPU utilization: Keep cpu busy as possible. Throughput: The number of processes that are completed per time unit. Turnaround time: The interval from the time of submission of a process to the time of completion. wait+execution Waiting time: the sum of the periods spent waiting in the ready queue Response time: the time it takes to start responding, not the time it takes to output the response. Desirable to maximize CPU utilization and throughput and minimize turnaround time, waiting time and response time. First Come First Serve: Process that requests the CPU first is allocated CPU first. Uses a queue. Average waiting time is long. Nonpremptive. Shortest Job First: Assigns CPU to process with smallest next CPU burst. FCFS scheduling for ties. Optimal. Gives minimum average waiting time. Can't be implemented. Can be  preemptive or nonpremptive. Is a special case of the general priority scheduling algorithm. Priority Scheduling: A priority isOnly associated with each process and the CPU allocated to Special offer for students: $4.99/month.  process with the highest priority. Tie breakers are FCFS. Can be preemptive or  nonpreemptive. A major problem is indefinite blocking or starvation. • •

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Race Condition: several processes access and manipulate the same outcome depends on which order each access takes place. Atomically: one interruptible unit Critical Section Problem (the key thing is that I’m trying to update structure or shared memory, I have multiple processes trying to do to avoid race conditions which will get the wrong result) Solution re Critical section could be solved simply in single processor environm interrupts from occurring while a shared value is modified. Solution to Critical Section Problem: Mutual exclusion is preserv is satisfied(Process can't be held up forever), and bounded waiting r (progress must be made in a bounded period of time). Busy waiting: while a process is in its critical section and any othe its critical section must loop continuously in the entry code.  Deadlock: Two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an ev Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  only one of the waiting processes Notcalled useful Test andUseful Set (boolean variable lock initialized to fals Cancel anytime. Swap (boolean variable lock initialized to false. Each proc Semaphores (synchronization tool) can be counting or bina A transaction is a program unit that must be executed atomically; t • • •

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