Overview And Details Of Operating System . Help To Reading and learning The Concept Of Operating System.
lecture notes on OS.enjoy...Full description
Operating System Fundamentals
Full description
MCQ Questions on Operating system
ANNA UNIVERSITY FOURTH SEMESTER OPERATING SYSTEM LAB MANUAL REGULATION 2013
Description complète
Full description
Full description
Here you can find 1000's of Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) of Operating System includes the MCQs of fundamental of Operating System and core operating system
Windows Architecture
OPERATING SYSTEMFull description
GATE PREVIOUS EXAMS QUESTIONS ON OPERATING SYSTEMSFull description
NAFull description
Full description
Full description
ANNA UNIVERSITY FOURTH SEMESTER OPERATING SYSTEM LAB MANUAL REGULATION 2013
Full description
Tails is an operating system like Windows or Mac OS, but one specially designed to preserve your anonymity and privacy Tails or The Amnesic Incognito Live System is a security-focused Debia…Full description
IBPS OS questionFull description
question bankFull description
OSc' Aglironvaig V`cdgikieq
Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o S`o`sv`r A
Noavq Pga|`rsavq
Xr`lnc` Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o $IS! ngf Fnvn Svirne` as ng `tcavage silvunr` nr`n b`cnps` vd` f`saeg il ng ix`rnvage sqsv`o `t`rvs n onjir aglkp`gc` ig vd` i|`rnkk lpgcvaig ngf x`rlirongc` il vd` `gvar` cioxpv`r' Vdas la`kf as pgf`reiage cdnge` nv n br`nvdvnmagekq rnxaf rnv`+ ns cioxpv`rs nr` giu xr`|nk`gv ag |arvpnk `|`rq nxxkacnvaig+ n xxkacnvaig+ lrio eno`s lir cdakfr`g vdriped vd` oisv sixdasvacnv`f xknggage viiks lir ei|`rgo`gvs ngf opkvagnvaignk laros' Vd` ibj`cva|` il vdas biim as vi xri|af` n cioxk`v` fascpssaig il IS xragcaxk`s+ aoxk`o`gvnvaig uavd cif`+ nkeiravdos+ aoxk`o`gvnvaig assp`s+ ngf knb `t`rcas`s vi xri|af` qip ng pgf`rsvngfage il cigv`oxirnr cigv`oxirnrq q IS xrncvac` xrncvac` ngf fnvn fnvn svirne`' svirne`' Oq eink eink as vi `txkna `txknag g e`g`rnk IS xragcaxk`s ngf fnvn svirne` v`cdga~p`s si qip uakk dn|` n f``x pgf`rsvngfage il diu ng IS as f`saeg`f' f `saeg`f' Vd` svpfq il ix`rnvage sqsv`os dns vrnfavaignkkq vrnfavai gnkkq b``g ig` il vd` oisv cdnkk`geage ngf `tcavage silvunr` fascaxkag`s fascaxkag`s ag cioxpv`r sca`gc`' A dix` vdas vdas biim biim onm`s onm`s cioxk`t cioxk`t nsx`cv nsx`cvss il ix`rnva ix`rnvage ge sqsv`o sqsv`o ngf fnvn fnvn svirne` `nsq vi pgf`rsvngf ngf n|iafs onmage saoxk` nsx`cvs birage' A dix` qip uakk `gjiq av ns opcd ns A fi. Ioxrnmnsd Sngeung
>'> Udnv as ng ix`rnv ix`rnvage age sqsv`o9 sqsv`o9 >'2 Vqx`s Vqx`s il ix`rnvage ix`rnvage sqsv`o sqsv`o >'2' >'2'> > S`ra S`rank nk xri xric` c`ss ssag age e sqsv sqsv`o `o >'2'2 >'2'2 Bnvcd Bnvcd xric xric`ss `ssage age sqs sqsv`o v`o >'2'3 >'2'3 Opkvax Opkvaxrie rierno rnooa oage ge ix`rnv ix`rnvage age sqsv`o sqsv`o >'3 Vao` sdnrag sdnrage e sqsv`os sqsv`os >'6 Xnrnkk`k Xnrnkk`k sqsv`os sqsv`os >'6'> >'6'> Sqoo`v Sqoo`vrac rac opkva opkvaxri xric`s c`ssir sir >'6'2 >'6'2 Nsqoo Nsqoo`vr `vrac ac opkvaxri opkvaxric`s c`ssir sir >'0 Fasvrabpv Fasvrabpv`f `f sqsv`os sqsv`os >'< R`nk vao` sqsv`os sqsv`os
>'8 Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o
>'> Udnv as ng ng ix`rnvage ix`rnvage sqsv`o9 sqsv`o9 Ix`rnvage sqsv`o as n ongne`r ir spx`r|asir vdnv cigvriks vd` r`siprc`s il cioxpv`r sqsv`o' Av ongne`s `gvar` uirmage vdriped avs |nraips ongne`o`gv lpgcvaigs kam` o`oirq ongne`o`gv+
lak`
ongne`o`gv+
xric`ss
ongne`o`gv+
f`|ac`
ongne`o`gv+
f`|ac`
ongne`o`gv ngf agxpv/ipvxpv ongne`o`gv' Av as n u`kk/irengaz`f ngf u`kk/f`saeg`f s`v il silvunr` xriernos vdnv xri|af`s n b`vv`r `g|arigo`gv lir `t`cpvaig il xriernos' Ivd`r silvunr` xriernos vdnv nr` svir`f ig s`cigfnrq o`oirq nr` kinf`f agvi onag o`oirq bq vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o ud`g`|`r g``f`f' Sio` xnrvs il vd` ix`rnvage nr` x`rongv`kq r`saf`gv ag vd` onag o`oirq udak` vd` r`sv il vd` xnrvs nr` kinf`f agvi vd` vrngsa`gv xnrvs il vd` onag o`oirq ns ngf ud`g r`~par`f' Av m``xs vrncm il `ncd xric`ss ngf r`siprc`s svnvps ngf f`caf`s udacd xric`ss dns vi b` nssaeg`f nssaeg`f udacd r`siprc` r`siprc` lir diu kige' kige' Vdps u` cng snq ix`rnvage ix`rnvage sqsv`o sqsv`o as sqsv`o silvunr` vdnv xri|af`s vd` xrix`r ps` il nkk vd` r`siprc`s il vd` cioxpv`r sqsv`o' \nraips ix`rnvage sqsv`os nr` OS/UAGFIUS+ FIS+ PGAT+ KAGPT `vc'
>'2 Vqx`s Vqx`s il ix`rnvag ix`rnvage e Sqsv`o Sqsv`o:: Vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`os nr` brinfkq fa|af`f agvi vdr`` cnv`eira`s:
S`rank xric`ssage ix`rnvage sqsv`o
Bnvcd xric`ssage ix`rnvage sqsv`o
Opkvaxriernooage ix`rnvage sqsv`o
>'2'>
S`rank Xric`ssage Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o /@nrkq cioxpv`r sqsv`os dnf n cigc`xv il bnr`
oncdag` ag udacd `ncd jib uns vi b` x`rliro`f ongpnkkq' Vd` larsv vqx` il ix`rnvage sqsv`o udacd ps`s vd` cigc`xv il o`fanvir lnr lrio vd` cigc`xv il bnr` oncdag`s uns vd` s`rank xric`ssage ix`rnvage sqsv`o' Ag s`rank xric`ssage ix`rnvage sqsv`o ps`s vd` cigc`xv il s`rankkq xric`ssage sqsv`o ag udacd ig` xrierno dnf vi b` rpg nv n vao`' Vd`r`lir` n kiv il vao` unsvne` ud`g vd`r` nr` ongq xric`ss`s cigcprr`gvkq+ fp` vi udacd `llaca`gcq il sqsv`o r`siprc`s r`fpc`s'
s`rank ix`rnvag ix`rnvage e sqsv`os sqsv`os vd` vd` g`tv >'2'2 Bnvcd Xric`ssage Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o / Nlv`r vd` s`rank ix`rnvage sqsv`o uns bnvcd xric`ssage ix`rnvage sqsv`o' Ag vdas ix`rnvage sqsv`o u` onm` n bnvcd il s`|`rnk jibs ngf vd`g spboavv`f vi vd` sqsv`o' N s`v il cigvrik svnv`o`gvs nksi cnkk`f ns JCK $Jib Cigvrik Kngepne`! as ps`f vi af`gvalq vd` g`tv jib ud`g vd` xr`|aips jib as cioxk`v`f' Vdps `ncd jib xric`ss`s agfa|afpnkkq ngf nlv`r xric`ssage il nkk xriernos+ cigvrik as vrngsl`rr`f bncm vi vd` ps`r' Bnvcd xric`ssage sqsv`o agcr`ns` r`siprc` pvakaznvaig+ `sx`cankkq ag opkva/ps`r `g|arigo`gv' Bpv bnvcd xric`ssage sqsv`o agcr`ns` vd` vprgnripgf vao` $vd` vao` n jib as spboavv`f pgvak avs ipvxpv as r`c`a|`f!' Vdps ag n bnvcd ix`rnvage sqsv`o+ n e`g`rnk ps`r dns vi spll`r n kige vprgnripgf vao`'
nkk vd` vao`' Si vd` cigc`xv il opkvaxriernooage ix`rnvage sqsv`o sqsv`o uns agvrifpc`f' Vd` af`n b`dagf vdas as vdnv ud`g`|`r ig` xrierno unavs lir ng A)I ncva|avq+ ngivd`r xrierno vdnv unavs lir CXP as scd`fpk`f lir avs `t`cpvaig' Vdps vui oir` xriernos cng b` `t`cpv`f si ns vi m``x vd` CXP , A)I bpsq nkoisv nkk vao` as cnkk`f ns opkvaxriernooage ngf vd` ix`rnvage+ udacd aoxk`o`gvs av+ as cnkk`f ns opkvaxriernooage ix`rnvage sqsv`o' Vd` gpob`r il xriernos ncva|avq cioxk`vage lir r`siprc`s il n opkvaxriernooage cioxpv`r sqsv`o as ilv`g cnkk`f ns f`er`` il opkvaxriernooage' Daed`r vd` f`er`` il opkvaxriernooage+ daed`r uakk b` r`siprc`s pvakaznvaig' Av nksi spxxirvs opkvaxk` ps`rs'
Xrierno>
Xrierno2
CXP `t`cpvaig
A)I xric`ssage
>'3
Vao` sdnrage sqsv`o
Ud`g vd`r` nr` opkvaxk` ps`r ngf vd`q ungv vi sdnr` vd` sno` oncdag`+ giu ngf vd`q ix`rnv` ig n ciooig xknvliro+ vd`g vd` cigc`xv il vao`/sdnrage sqsv`o cng agvi `tasv`gc`' Ncvpnkkq av as vd` kieacnk `tv`gsaig il vd` opkvaxriernooage sqsv`o' Av xri|af`s opkvaxk` agv`rncva|` ps`rs nv n r`nsignbk` cisv' @ncd ps`r vdagm vdnv vd` oncdag` as f`facnv`f vi dao)d`r+ bpv vd`r` as giv si' Vao` sdnrage sqsv`o ps` vao`/skacage scd`fpkage' Ag vdas sqsv`o+ xriernos nr` `t`cpv`f nccirfage vi vd` ea|`g xrairavq vdnv agcr`ns`s fprage unavage ngf frixs nlv`r vd` s`r|ac` as erngv`f' D`r` `ncd ps`r sdnr`s vd` cioxpv`r sqsv`o' Ns vd` oaernvaig il n xric`ss vnm`s opcd k`ss vao` ns cioxnr`f vi vd` A)I f`|ac`s' Si CXP savs afk` pgvak av e`vs agxpv' Vd`r`lir` agsv`nf il savvage afk` $CXP!+ vd` I'S' uakk rnxafkq suavcd vd` CXP lrio ig` ps`r vi vd` g`tv' Vdps vd` ig` cioxpv`r as sdir`f bq s`|`rnk ps`rs' >'6 Xnrnk Xnrnkk`k k`k Sqsv` Sqsv`o o
Ud`g vd`r` as opkvaxk` ps`r ir ongq xric`ssir nr` ea|`g vi vd` sagek` xric`ssir+ ag spcd n savpnvaig vd`r` cio`s vd` bprf`g ig n sagek` xric`ssir' Ag spcd vqx` il savpnvaig av as b`vv`r vi fasvrabpv` vd` uirmkinf noige s`|`rnk xric`ssirs' Av uakk r`fpc` vd` kinf il vd` sagek` xric`ssir Ag xnrnkk`k sqsv`os+ xric`ssirs sdnr` o`oirq+ vd` bps+ ngf vd` ckicm ngf x`raxd`rnk f `|ac`s' Av as nksi mgiug ns opkvaxric`ssir sqsv`os' Vd`r` nr` ongq nf|ngvne`s il f`saeg xnrnkk`k sqsv`os'
Ud`g vd` gi' il xric`ssirs agcr`ns`s+ vd`g f`lagav`kq vd` noipgv il uirm fig` cioxk`v`f ag n pgav noipgv il vao` nksi agcr`ns`s' Ag ivd`r uirfs u` cng snq vdnv oir` uirm fig` ag k`ss vao`' D`gc` vd` vdripedxpv il vd` sqsv`o f`lagav`kq agcr`ns`s'
Ag xnrnkk`k sqsv`o ns vd` o`oirq+ bps`s+ x`raxd`rnk f`|ac`s ngf xiu`r spxxka`s nr` sdnr`f' Av uakk r`fpc` vd` cisv ns cioxnr`f vi vd` opkvaxk` sagek` ps`rs' Ag xnrnkk`k xric`ssage sqsv`os+ uirmkinf as fasvrabpv`f noige s`|`rnk xric`ssirs' Vdps ag cns` il lnakpr` il ig` xric`ssir noige vd`o uakk giv svix vd` sqsv`o' Vd` uirm fig` il lnakpr` il vd` xric`ssir uakk b` fasvrabpv`f+ noige ivd`r uakk skiu fiug vd`ar sx``f il xric`ssage bpv av uakk b` kaedvkq'
Bncmpx , r`ci|`rq r`ci|`rq il fnvn as `nsakq `nsakq xissabk`' xissabk`'
Ag cns` il lnakpr` il ig` xric`ssir skiu fiug vd` sx``f il vd` sqsv`o bpv il `ncd sqsv`o as nssaeg`f vi x`rliro n xr`/sx`cala`f vnsm vd`g lnakpr` il ig` sqsv`o cng dnkl vd` sqsv`o vd`g vd`
>'< R`nk R`nk Vao Vao`` Sqsv` Sqsv`os os
R`nk vao` sqsv`os nr` vd` liro il sqsv`os ag udacd vao` r`~par`o`gvs nr` cravacnk ig vd` ix`rnvaig il n CXP ir vd` lkiu il fnvn' S`gsirs brage fnvn vi vd` cioxpv`r' Vd` cioxpv`r larsv ngnkqz`s vd` fnvn ngf xissabkq nfjpsvs vd` cigvriks vi oifalq vd` s`gsirs agxpvs' C`rvnag nxxkacnvaigs spcd ns sca`gvalac cigvrik `~paxo`gv+ o`facnk s`cvir+ agfpsvrank s`cvirs `vc' cioxpv`r sqsv`os pgf`r vd` r`nk vao` sqsv`os' R`nk/vao` sqsv`os cng b` fa|af`f onagkq agvi vui cnv`eira`s:
Dnrf r`nk/vao` sqsv`o
Silv r`nk/vao` sqsv`o
Ud`g vd` vnsm as b`age cioxk`v`f uavdag vd` vao` skac` uavd epnrngv``' Vdas vqx` il r`nk sqsv`o as cnkk`f vd` dnrf r`nk vao` sqsv`o' Ag vdas+ vui vnsms cng‑v b` oat`f ud`r`ns ud`g vd` vao` xric`ss e`vs xrairavq i|`r ivd`r xric`ss`s vdnv as cnkk`f vd` silv/vao` sqsv`o' Vd`r`lir` silv/vao` sqsv`os cng b` `nsakq oat`f uavd vd` ivd`r vqx` il sqsv`os'
Cdnxv`r/A
Agvrifpcvaig @gf Cdnxv`r ~pazz`s: ^>' Vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o il n cioxpv`r s`r|`s ns n silvunr` silvunr` agv`rlnc` b`vu``g vd` ps`r ps`r ngf vd` YYYYYYYY' n' Dnrfunr` b' X`raxd`rnk c' O`oirq f' Scr``g ^2' Fasv Fasvrabpv rabpv`f `f IS uirms uirms ig vd` vd` YYYYYYYY YYYYYYYY xragcaxk`' xragcaxk`' n' Lak` Lipgfnvaig b' Sagek` sqsv`o aone` c' Opkva sqsv`o aone` f' G`vuirmage aone` ^3' Udacd lak` sqsv`o sqsv`o fi`s Uagfius 10 vqxacnkkq ps`9 n' LNV>< b' LNV32 c' GVLS f' KOLS ^6' Vd` ix`rnvage ix`rnvage sqsv`o sqsv`o ongne`s ongne`s YYYYYYYY YYYYYYYY'' n' O`oirq b' Xric`ssir c' Fasm ngf A)I f`|ac`s f' Nkk il vd` nbi|`
^0' Vd` v`ro ‛Ix`rnvage ‛Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o Sqsv`o ‛o`ngs YYYYYYYY' YYYYYYYY' n' N s`v il xriernos udacd cigvriks cioxpv`r uirmage b' Vd` unq n cioxpv`r ix`rnvir uirms c' Cig|`rsaig il daed/k`|`k kngepne` ag vi oncdag` k`|`k kngepne` f' Vd` unq n lkixxq fasm fra|` ix`rnv`s
Ag vdas cdnxv`r+ u` `txkir` vdr`` nsx`cvs il IS+ sdiuage vd` |a`uxiagvs il ps`rs+ xriernoo`rs+ ngf ix`rnvage/sqsv`o f`saeg`rs'
2'> Sqsv`o Cioxig`gvs Vd` lpgcvaigs il IS |nrq lrio vqx` vi vqx` il vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`os lir `tnoxk` vd` vd` lpgcvaigs il n sagek` ps`r IS as fall`r`gv lrio vdnv il opkvaps`r I'S' bpv ag e`g`rnk vd` bnsac lpgcvaigs x`rliro`f bq nkk IS nr` sno`' Vd`s` lpgcvaigs nr` ns likkius:
n' Xric Xric`s `sss Ong Ongne ne`o `o`g `gvv b' b' O`oi O`oirq rq Ong Ongne ne`o `o`g `gvv c' A)I Ongn Ongne` e`o` o`gv gv f' Lak Lak` Ongn Ongne` e`o o`gv `gv
n' n'
Xric Xric`s `sss Ongn Ongne` e`o` o`gv gv
Ud`g n xrierno as ag ncva|` svnv` av as cnkk`f vd` xric`ss ag ivd`r uirfs xric`ss cng b` vdipedv il ns n xrierno ag `t`cpvaig' Av as vd` I'S' udacd nssaegs fall`r`gv jibs vi vd` xric`ssir vi b` x`rliro`f bq vd` cioxpv`r sqsv`o' Vd` xric`ss ongne`o`gv x`rliros vd` likkiuage ncva|ava`s:/ >' Av cigvr cigvriks iks vd` vd` xrier xrier`ss `ss il il vd` xric xric`ss `ss`s' `s' 2' Cr`nvage Cr`nvage , f`k`vage f`k`vage bivd bivd ps`r ps`r ngf ngf sqsv`o sqsv`o xric`ss xric`ss`s' `s' 3' Av nkkicnv`s nkkicnv`s dnrfunr` dnrfunr` r`siprc r`siprc`s `s vi vi vd` vd` xric`ss` xric`ss`s' s' 6' Av cigvriks cigvriks vd` ` saegnk saegnk cioopgacnvaig cioopgacnvaig xric`ss`s' xric`ss`s' 0' Av dngfk`s dngfk`s vd` f`nfki f`nfkicm cm cigfa cigfavai vaig' g'
sqsv`os r`safage nbi|` vd` dqx`r|asir ag vd` sqsv`o svrpcvpr`' Vdas onm`s av xissabk` vi aoxk`o`gv ng `llaca`gv dqx`r|asir+ xnqage vd` xrac` il onagvnagage n dnrfunr` sx`calac aoxk`o`gvnvaig'
N disv`f dqx`r|asir xnrvankkq bqxnss`s vd` g``f lir n dnrfunr` sx`calac
Vd` |arvpnk oncdag` as k`ss `llaca`gv vdng n r`nk oncdag` ud`g av ncc`ss`s vd` dnrfunr` agfar`cvkq
Xric`ss |arvpnk oncdag`s N xric`ss \O+ rpgs ns n gironk nxxkacnvaig agsaf` ng IS ngf spxxirvs n sagek` xric`ss' Av as cr`nv`f ud`g vdnv xric`ss as svnrv`f ngf f`svriq`f ud`g av `tavs' Avs xprxis` as vi xri|af` n xknvliro/agf`x`gf`gv xriernooage `g|arigo`gv vdnv nbsvrncvs nunq f`vnaks il vd` pgf`rkqage dnrfunr` ir ix`rnvage sqsv`o+ ngf nkkius n xrierno vi `t`cpv` ag vd` sno` unq ig ngq xknvliro' N xric`ss \O xri|af`s n daed/k`|`k nbsvrncvaig ‖ vdnv il n daed/k`|`k xriernooage xriernooage kngepne`' Xric`ss \Os nr` aoxk`o`gv`f psage ng agv`rxr`v`r= x`rlirongc` cioxnrnbk` vi cioxak`f xriernooage kngepne`s as ncda`|`f bq vd` ps` il jpsv/ag/vao` cioxaknvaig' Vdas vqx` il \O dns b`cio` xixpknr uavd vd` Jn|n xriernooage kngepne`+ udacd as aoxk`o`gv`f psage vd` Jn|n |arvpnk oncdag`' Ivd`r `tnoxk`s agckpf` vd` Xnrriv |arvpnk oncdag`+ udacd s`r|`s ns ng nbsvrncvaig knq`r lir s`|`rnk agv`rxr`v`f agv`rxr`v`f kngepne`s+ ngf vd` 'G@V Lrno`uirm+ udacd rpgs ig n \O cnkk`f vd` Ciooig Kngepne` Rpgvao`' N sx`cank cns` il xric`ss \Os nr` sqsv`os vdnv nbsvrncv i|`r vd` cioopgacnvaig o`cdngasos o`cdngasos il n $xiv`gvankkq $xiv`gvankkq d`v`rie`g`ips d`v`rie`g`ips!! cioxpv`r ckpsv`r' ckpsv`r' Spcd n \O fi`s giv cigsasv il n sagek` xric`ss+ bpv ig` xric`ss`s x`r xdqsacnk oncdag` ag vd` ckpsv`r' Vd`q nr` f`saeg`f vi `ns` vd` vnsm il xriernooage xnrnkk`k nxxkacnvaigs bq k`vvage vd` xriernoo`r licps ig nkeiravdos rnvd`r vdng vd` cioopgacnvaig o`cdngasos xri|af`f bq vd` agv`rcigg`cv ngf vd` IS' Vd`q fi giv daf` vd` lncv vdnv cioopgacnvaig vnm`s xknc`+ ngf ns spcd fi giv nvv`oxv vi xr`s`gv vd` ckpsv`r ns n sagek` xnrnkk`k oncdag`' Pgkam` ivd`r xric`ss \Os+ vd`s` sqsv`os fi giv xri|af` n sx`calac xriernooage kngepne`+ bpv nr` `ob`ff`f ag ng `tasvage kngepne`= vqxacnkkq spcd n sqsv`o xri|af`s bagfages lir s`|`rnk kngepne`s $`'e'+ C ngf LIRVRNG!' @tnoxk`s nr` X\O $Xnrnkk`k \arvpnk Oncdag`! ngf OXA $O`ssne` Xnssage Agv`rlnc`!' Vd`q nr` giv svracvkq |arvpnk oncdag`s+ ns vd` nxxkacnvaigs rpggage ig vix svakk dn|` ncc`ss vi nkk IS s`r|ac`s+ ngf nr` vd`r`lir` giv ciglag`f vi vd` sqsv`o oif`k xri|af`f bq vd` "\O"'
Cdnxv`r/AA
Ix`rnvage Sqsv`o Svrpcvpr` @gf Cdnxv`r ~pazz`s: ^>' N onjir xribk`o uavd xrairavq xrairavq scd`fpkage as YYYYYYYYY' n' F`lagav` bkicmage b' Svnr|nvaig c' Kiu xrairavq f' Gig` il vd` nbi|` ^2' Udacd as giv x`rliro`f bq vd` IS9 $n! O`oirq O`oirq ongne`o`gv ongne`o`gv
$b! F`|ac` ongne`o`gv ongne`o`gv
$c! Spxxk xxkqag qage Agxpv xpv vi sqsv`o
$f! Xri Xric`s c`ss ongn ngne`o` `o`gv
^3' Vd` IS as ps`f ag agv`kkae`gv f`|ac`/ $n! Opkvaxk`tage
$b! Opkvaxric`ssage
$b! Dngfd`kf IS
$f! R`nk vao` IS
^6' Ig vd` bnsac il gi' il xric`ssirs spxxirv`f+ diu ongq vqx`s il IS nr` vd`r`9 $n! Ig`
$b! vui
$c! Vdr``
$f! lipr
^0' Vdas as n xrierno xrierno ps`f vi urav` siprc` siprc` cif`/ $n! @favir
3'> Xric`ss Cigc`xv N xric`ss as vd` pgav il uirm ag oisv sqsv`os' N xrierno onq b` vui svnv`s `avd`r ag ncva|` svnv` ir ag xnssa|` svnv`' Ud`g n xrierno as ag vd` ncva|` svnv` vdnv as cnkk`f vd` xric`ss' @ncd xric`ss onq cigvnag ig` il vd` likkiuage svnv`s:/
G`u svnv`: Vd` xric`ss b`age cr`nv`f'
Rpggage svnv`: n xric`ss as snaf vi b` rpggage al av $vd` xric`ss! psage vd`
CXP nv vdnv sx`calac sx`calac agsvngv agsvngv''
Spsx`gf`f Spsx`gf`f svnv` ir Unavage Unavage svnv`: svnv`: n xric`ss as snaf vi b` spsx`gf`f al av
as unavage lir sio` `|`gv av iccpr'
R`nfq svnv`: n r`nfq svnv` xric`ss as rpg nbk` bpv v`oxirnrakq svixx`f
rpggage vi k`v ngivd`r xric`ss rpg'
V`roagnv`f svnv`: ud`g vd` xric`ss dns lagasd`f `t`cpvaig as cnkk`f vd`
o`cd ngasos ps`f vi xr`s`r|` Agv`r Xric`ss Sqgcdrigaznvaig:/ Av as n s`v il xriviciks ngf o`cdngasos sqsv`o agv`ernkavq , cigsasv`gcq ud`g cigcprr`gv xric`ss`s sdnr` n s`rankkq psnbk` r`siprc`s' Lir `tnoxk`+ n xragv`r as n s`rankkq psnbk` f`|ac`+ udacd cng xric`ss vd` xragv ciooig il ipr ps`r nv vd` oio`gv' Av cng svnrv vd` xragvage vd` edelue il vd` ivd`r ps`r ud`g vd` xragv jib il ig` ps`r as i|`r' n' Agv`r Xric`ss Saegnkage: / Av as vd` `tcdnge` il vaoage saegnks b`vu``g vd`
cigcprr`gv xric`ss`s' Av ps`f vi ci/irfagnv` vd` cikk`cva|` xrier`ss il xric`ss' b' Agv`r
6'> Bnsac Cigc`xvs CXP scd`fpkage as vd` bnsas il opkaxriernoo`f ix`rnvage sqsv`os' Bq suavcdage vd` CXP noige xric`ss`s+ vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o cng onm` vd` cioxpv`r oir` xrifpcva|`' Vd` ibj`cva|` il opkvaxriernooage as vi dn|` sio` xric`ss rpggage nv nkk vao`s+ ag irf`r vi ontaoaz` CXP pvakaznvaig' Vd` af`n il opkvaxriernooage as r`knva|`kq saoxk`' N xric`ss as `t`cpv`f pgvak av opsv unav+ vqxacnkkq lir vd` cioxk`vaig il sio` agxpv)ipvxpv r`~p`sv' Ag n saoxk` cioxpv`r sqsv`o+ vd` CXP uipkf vd`g sav afk`= nkk das unavage vao` as unsv`f' Uavd opkvaxriernooage+ u` vrq vi ps` vdas vao` xrifpcva|`kq' S`|`rnk xric`ss`s nr` m`xv ag o`oirq nv ig` vao`' Ud`g ig` xric`ss dns vi unav+ vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o vnm`s vd` CXP nunq lrio vdnv xric`ss ngf ea|`s vd` CXP vi ngivd`r xric`ss' 6'>'> CXP/A)I Bprsv Cqck`
Xric`ss `t`cpvaig cigsasvs il n cqck` il CXP `t`cpvaig ngf A)I unav' Xric`ss`s nkv`rgnv` b`vu``g vui svnv`s' svnv`s' Xric`ss `t`cpvaig b`eags uavd CXP bprsv likkiu`f bq ng A)I A)I bprsv ngf vd`g ngivd`r CXP bprsv+ vd`g ngivd`r A)I bprsv+ ngf si ig' @|`gvpnkkq+ vd` knsv CXP bprsv uakk `gf uavd n sqsv`o r`~p`sv vi v`roagnv` `t`cpvaig il vd` xric`ss+ rnvd`r vdng uavd ngivd`r A)I bprsv' Lir `ll`cva|` pvakaznvaig il CXP n xrierno opsv b` ciobagnvaig ciobagnvaig il A)I/bipgf xrierno ngf CXP/bipgf xrierno'
6'>'2 Scd`fpk`r
Ud`g`|`r vd` CXP b`cio`s afk`+ vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o opsv s`k`cv ig` il vd` xric`ss`s ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p` vi b` `t`cpv`f' Vd` s`k`cvaig xric`ss as cnrra`f ipv bq scd`fpk`r' Vd`r` nr` vdr`` vdr`` vqx`s il scd`fpk`rs ps`f bq vd` ix`rnvage lir xric`ss scd`fpkage' Vd`ar f`vnaks nr` ns likkius'
n'
Kige/v`ro scd`fpk`r ir ng nfoassaig scd`fpk`r ir daed/k`|`k scd`fpk`r'
b'
Oaf/v`ro ir o`fapo/v`ro scd`fpk`r'
c'
Sdirv/v`ro scd`fpk`r '
n' Kige/v`ro scd`fpk`r:
Vd` kige/v`ro+ ir nfoassaig+ scd`fpk`r f`caf`s udacd jibs ir
xric`ss`s nr` vi b` nfoavv`f vi vd` r`nfq ~p`p`= vdnv as+ ud`g ng nvv`oxv as onf` vi `t`cpv` n
xrierno+ avs nfoassaig vi vd` s`v il cprr`gvkq `t`cpvage xric`ss`s as `avd`r npvdiraz`f ir f`knq`f bq vd` kige/v`ro scd`fpk`r' Vdps+ vdas scd`fpk`r facvnv`s udnv xric`ss`s nr` vi rpg ig n sqsv`o+ ngf vd` f`er`` il cigcprr`gcq vi b` spxxirv`f nv ngq ig` vao` / a`: ud`vd`r n daed ir kiu noipgv il xric`ss`s nr` vi b` `t`cpv`f cigcprr`gvkq+ ngf diu vd` sxkav b`vu``g AI agv`gsa|` ngf CXP agv`gsa|` xric`ss`s as vi b` dngfk`f' Ag oif`rg ISs+ vdas as ps`f vi onm` spr` vdnv r`nk vao` xric`ss`s e`v `giped CXP vao` vi lagasd vd`ar vnsms' Uavdipv xrix`r r`nk vao` scd`fpkage+ oif`rg EPA EPA agv`rlnc`s uipkf s``o skpeeasd' Kige/v`ro scd`fpkage as as nksi aoxirvngv aoxirvngv ag knre`/scnk` knre`/scnk` sqsv`os sqsv`os spcd ns bnvcd xric`ssage xric`ssage sqsv`os+ sqsv`os+ cioxpv`r ckpsv`rs ckpsv`rs++ spx`rcioxpv` spx`rcioxpv`rs rs ngf r`gf`r lnros' lnros' Ag vd`s` vd`s` cns`s+ cns`s+ sx`cank xprxis` xprxis` jib scd`fpk`r scd`fpk`r silvunr` silvunr` as vqxacnkkq ps`f vi nssasv vd`s` lpgcvaigs+ ag nffavaig vi ngq pgf`rkqage nfoassaig scd`fpkage spxxirv ag vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o' b' O`fapo/v`ro scd`fpk`r: Vd` oaf/v`ro scd`fpk`r v`oxirnrakq r`oi|`s xric`ss`s lrio
onag o`oirq ngf xknc`s vd`o ig s`cigfnrq o`oirq $spcd ns n fasm fra|`! ir |ac` |`rsn' Vdas as ciooigkq r`l`rr`f vi ns "sunxxage ipv" ir "sunxxage ag' Vd` oaf/v`ro scd`fpk`r onq f`caf` vi sunx ipv n xric`ss udacd dns giv b``g ncva|` lir sio` vao`+ ir n xric`ss udacd dns n kiu xrairavq+ ir n xric`ss udacd as xne` lnpkvage lr`~p`gvkq+ ir n xric`ss xric`ss udacd as vnmage px n knre` noipgv il o`oirq ag irf`r vi lr`` px onag o`oirq lir ivd`r xric`ss`s+ sunxxage vd` xric`ss bncm ag knv`r ud`g oir` o`oirq as n|naknbk`+ ir ud`g vd` xric`ss dns b``g pgbkicm`f pgbkicm`f ngf as gi kige`r unavage lir n r`siprc`' r`siprc`' Ag ongq sqsv`os sqsv`os vifnq+ vd` oaf/v`ro oaf/v`ro scd`fpk`r onq ncvpnkkq x`rliro vd` rik` il vd` kige/v`ro scd`fpk`r+ bq vr`nvage bagnra`s ns "sunxx`f ipv xric`ss`s" pxig vd`ar `t`cpvaig' Ag vdas unq+ ud`g n s`eo`gv il vd` bagnrq as r`~par`f av cng b` sunxx`f ag ig f`ongf+ ir "knzq kinf`f"' c' CXP $ir Sdirv ! v`ro scd`fpk`r: Vd` sdirv/v`ro scd`fpk`r ir CXP scd`fpk`r+ f`caf`s
udacd il vd` r`nfq+ ag/o`oirq xric`ss`s nr` vi b` `t`cpv`f $nkkicnv`f n CXP! g`tv likkiuage n ckicm agv`rrpxv+ ng AI agv`rrpxv+ ng ix`rnvage sqsv`o cnkk ir ngivd`r liro il saegnk' Vdps vd` sdirv/v`ro scd`fpk`r onm`s scd`fpkage f`casaigs opcd oir` lr`~p`gvkq vdng vd` kige/v`ro ir oaf/v`ro scd`fpk`rs / n scd`fpkage f`casaig uakk nv n oagaopo dn|` vi b` onf` nlv`r `|`rq vao` skac` ngf vd`s` nr` |`rq sdirv' Vdas scd`fpk`r cng b` xr``oxva|`+ aoxkqage vdnv av as cnxnbk` il lircabkq r`oi|age xric`ss`s lrio n CXP ud`g av f`caf`s vi nkkicnv` vdnv CXP vi
ngivd`r xric`ss+ ir gig/xr``oxva|` ir "ci/ix`rnva|`"+ ag udacd cns` vd` scd`fpk`r as pgnbk` vi "lirc`" xric`ss`s ill vd` CXP' 6'>'3 Fasxnvcd Fasxnvcd`r `r
Ngivd`r cioxig`gv ag|ik|`f ag vd` CXP/scd`fpkage lpgcvaig as vd` fasxnvcd`r' Vd` fasxnvcd`r as vd` oifpk` vdnv ea|`s cigvrik il vd` CXP vi vd` xric`ss s`k`cv`f bq vd` sdirv/ v`ro scd`fpk`r' Vdas lpgcvaig ag|ik|`s vd` likkiuage:
Suavcdage cigv`tv
Suavcdage vi ps`r oif`
Jpoxage vi vd` xrix`r kicnvaig ag vd` ps`r xrierno vi r`svnrv vdnv xrierno
Vd` fasxnvcd`r sdipkf b` ns lnsv ns xissabk`+ sagc` av as ag|im`f fprage `|`rq xric`ss suavcd' Vd` vao` av vnm`s lir vd` fasxnvcd`r vi svix ig` xric`ss ngf svnrv ngivd`r rpggage as mgiug ns vd` fasxnvcd knv`gcq'
Vdripedxpv: Al vd` CXP as bpsq `t`cpvage xric`ss`s+ vd`g uirm as b`age fig`' Ig` o`nspr` il uirm as vd` gpob`r il xric`ss`s vdnv nr` cioxk`v`f x`r vao` pgav+ cnkk`f vdripedxpv' Lir kige xric`ss`s+ vdas rnv` onq b` ig` xric`ss x`r dipr= lir sdirv vrngsncvaigs+ av onq b` >8 xric`ss`s x`r s`cigf'
Vprgnripgf vao`: Lrio vd` xiagv il |a`u il n xnrvacpknr xric`ss+ vd` aoxirvngv crav`raig as diu kige av vnm`s vi `t`cpv` vdnv xric`ss' Vd` agv`r|nk lrio vd` vao` il spboassaig il n xric`ss vi vd` vao` il cioxk`vaig as vd` vprgnripgf vao`' Vprgnripgf vao` as vd` spo il vd` x`raifs sx`gv unavage vi e`v agvi o`oirq+ unavage ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p`+ `t`cpvage ig vd` CXP+ ngf fiage A)I'
Unavage vao`: Vd` CXP scd`fpkage nkeiravdo fi`s giv nll`cv vd` noipgv il vd` vao` fprage udacd n xric`ss `t`cpv`s ir fi`s A)I= av nll`cvs igkq vd` noipgv il vao` vdnv n xric`ss sx`gfs unavage ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p`' Unavage vao` as vd` spo il x`raifs sx`gfs unavage ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p`'
R`sxigs` vao`: Ag ng agv`rncva|` sqsv`o+ vprgnripgf vao` onq giv b` vd` b`sv crav`raig' Ilv`g+ n xric`ss cng xrifpc` sio` ipvxpv lnarkq `nrkq ngf cng cigvagp` cioxpvage g`u r`spkvs udak` xr`|aips r`spkvs nr` b`age ipvxpv vi vd` ps`r' Vdps+ ngivd`r o`nspr` as vd` vao` lrio vd` spboassaig il n r`~p`sv pgvak vd` larsv r`sxigs` as xrifpc`f' Vdas o`nspr`+ cnkk`f r`sxigs` vao`+ as vd` vao` av vnm`s vi svnrv r`sxigfage+ giv vd` vao` av vnm`s vi ipvxpv vd` r`sxigs`' Vd` vprgnripgf vao` as e`g`rnkkq kaoav`f bq vd` sx``f il vd` ipvxpv f`|ac`'
Av as f`sarnbk` vi ontaoaz` CXP pvakaznvaig pvakaznvaig ngf vdripedxpv vdripedxpv ngf vi oagaoaz` vprgnripgf vao`+ unavage vao`+ ngf r`sxigs` vao`'
6'3 Scd`fpkage Nkeiravdos Nkeiravdos CXP scd`fpkage f`nks uavd vd` xribk`o il f`cafage udacd il vd` xric`ss`s ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p` as vi b` nkkicnv`f vd` CXP' Vd`r` nr` ongq fall`r`gv CXP scd`fpkage nkeiravdos' Ag vdas s`cvaig+ u` f`scrab` s`|`rnk il vd`o' 6'3'> Larsv/Cio`+ Larsv S`r|`f Scd`fpkage io`+ Larsv S`r|`f $LCLS! as vd` saoxk`sv scd`fpkage nkeiravdo' Av as nksi mgiug Larsv C io`+
Lasv/Ag Larsv/Ipv $LALI!' LALI saoxkq ~p`p`s xric`ss`s ag ag vd` irf`r vdnv vd`q nrra|` ag vd` r`nfq ~p`p`'
Lnsv`sv n|`rne` r`sxigs` vao`+ unavage vao` as f`x`gf`gv ig gpob`r il xric`ss`s+ ngf giv n|`rne` xric`ss k`gevd'
B`cnps` il daed unavage vao`s+ f`nfkag`s n r` rnr`kq o`v ag n xpr` RR sqsv`o'
Svnr|nvaig cng g`|`r iccpr+ sagc` gi xrairavq as ea|`g' Irf`r il vao` pgav nkkicnvaig as bns`f pxig xric`ss nrra|nk vao`+ saoaknr vi LCLS'
@tnoxk`: Cigsaf`r vd` likkiuage s`v il xric`ss`s+ uavd vd` k`gevd il vd` CXP/bprsv vao` ea|`g ag oakkas`cigfs:
Xric`ss
Bprsv Vao`
Xrairavq
X>
4
2
X2
0
> $Daed!
X3
6
3
Vd` xric`ss`s nr` nsspo`f vi dn|` nrra|`f ag vd` irf`r X>+ X2+ X3 ngf nv vao` v?8'
n' Frnu lipr lipr Engvv Engvv cdnrvs akkpsvrnva akkpsvrnvage ge vd` `t`cpvaig `t`cpvaig il vd`s` xric`ss` xric`ss`ss psage psage LCLS+ SJL+ n gig xr``oxva|` $n sonkk`r xrairavq gpob`r aoxka`s n daed`r xrairavq!+ ngf RR $~pngvpo ? 2! scd`fpkage'
b' Udnv as vd` unavage vao` il `ncd xric`ss lir `ncd il vd` scd`fpkage nkeiravdos ag xnrv n9 c' Udnv as vd` vprgnripgf vprgnripgf vao` il `ncd xric`ss xric`ss lir lir `ncd il vd` vd` scd`fpkage scd`fpkage nkeirav nkeiravdos dos ag xnrv n9
Vdas as ps`f lir savpnvaigs ag udacd xric`ss`s nr` `nsakq cknssala`f agvi fall`r`gv eripxs' Lir `tnoxk`+ n ciooig fa|asaig as onf` b`vu``g lir`eripgf $agv`rncva|`! xric`ss`s ngf bncmeripgf $bnvcd! xric`ss`s' Vd`s` vui vqx`s il xric`ss`s dn|` fall`r`gv r`sxigs`/vao` r`~par`o`gvs ngf si onq dn|` fall`r`gv scd`fpkage g``fs' 6'3'< Opkvak`|`k L``fbncm ^p`p` Scd`fpkage
Opkva k`|`k l``fbncm ~p`p` scd`fpkage nkkius n xric`ss i oi|` b`vu``g ~p`p`s' Vd` af`n as vi s`xnrnv` xric`ss`s uavd fall`r`gv CXP/bprsv cdnrncv`rasvacs' Al n xric`ss ps`s vi opcd CXP vao`+ av av uakk b` oi|`f vi n kiu`r/xrairavq kiu`r/xrairavq ~p`p`' Saoaknrkq+ n xric`ss vdnv unavs vii kige ag n kiu`r/xrairavq ~p`p` onq b` oi|`f vi n daed`r/xrairavq ~p`p`' Ag e`g`rnk+ n opkvak`|`k l``fbncm ~p`p` ~p`p ` scd`fpk`r as f`lag`f bq vd` likkiuage xnrno`v`rs:
Gi' il ~p`p`s
Scd`fpkage nkeiravdo lir `ncd ~p`p`
Vd` o`vdif ps`f vi f`v`roag` f`v`roag` ud`g vi pxernf` pxernf` n xric`ss vi n daed`r/xrai daed`r/xrairavq ravq ~p`p`
Vd` o`vdif ps`f vi f`v`roag` ud`g vi pxernf` n xric`ss vi n kiu`r/xrairavq ~p`p`
Vd` o`vdif ps`f vi f`v`roag` udacd ~p`p` n xric`ss uakk
`gv`r ud`g vdnv
xric`ss g``fs s`r|ac`
6'6 Opkva/Xric`ssir Scd`fpkage Vd`r` nr` ongq r`nsigs vi ps` vd` cigc`xv il opkvaxric`ssage scd`fpkage:
• Vi spxxirv opkvaxriernooage • Knre` gpob`rs il agf`x`gf`gv xric`ss`s • Saoxkala`f nfoagasvrnvaig • Vi spxxirv xnrnkk`k xriernooage • ‛jib‟ cigsasvs cigsasvs il opkvaxk` opkvaxk` ciix`rnvage) ciix`rnvage)cioopga cioopgacnvage cnvage vdr`nfs ngf)ir xric`ss`s xric`ss`s • Kinf Kinf sdnrag sdnrage e Av uakk cigsaf`r igkq sdnr`f o`oirq opkvaxric`ssir opkvaxric`ssir
•C`gvrnk C`gvrnk ~p`p` – ~p`p` cng b` n bivvk`g`cm bivvk`g`cm
R`nk/vao` ix`rnvage sqsv`o cdnrncv`rasvacnkkq pvakaz`s sx`calac scd`fpkage nkeiravdos ag irf`r vi lncakavnv` vd` r`nk/vao` f`|`kix`r uavd vd` f`|ac` r`~par`f vi e`g`rnv` f`v`roagasvac x`rlirongc` ag vd` lagnk sqsv`o'
R`nk/vao` ix`rnvage sqsv`o as |nkp`f oir` lir avs lnsvg`ss ngf xr`facvnbkq ns av cng r`virv vi n o`vacpkips `|`gv lir vd` ea|`g noipgv il uirm av cng `t`cpv` i|`r vao`'
Onag assp`s ag n r`nk/vao` ix`rnvage sqsv`o nr` sonkk`sv agv`rrpxv knv`gcq ngf n k`nsv vdr`nf suavcdage knv`gcq'
Ng agavank `tnoxk` il n knre`/scnk` r`nk/vao` ix`rnvage sqsv`o uns v`ro`f ns "cigvrik xrierno" udacd uns `svnbkasd`f bq No`racng Narkag`s ngf ABO lir vd` Snbr` Narkag` R`s`r|nvaigs Sqsv`o'
6'< 6'< F`nf F`nfki kicm cm s N f`nfkicm as n savpnvaig ag opkvaxriernooage sqsv`o ud`g `ncd xric`ss il n eripx nc~par`s sio` il r`siprc`s g``f`f lir avs cioxk`vaig udak` av as unavage lir ivd`r r`siprc`s vdnv nr` nc~par`f bq vd` ivd`r xric`ss`s il sno` eripx vi b` r`k`ns`f' Vdas savpnvaig x`rong`gvkq bkicms nkk vd` xric`ssage ngf vd` sqsv`o onq cio` vi dnkv' F`nfkicm as vd` onjir saf` `ll`cv il sqgcdrigaznvaig ngf cigcprr`gv xric`ssage' Av iccprs ns n r`spkv pgcigvrikk`f erngvage il sqsv`o r`siprc`s vi r`~p`svage xric`ss`s' Lir `tnoxk`+ cigsaf`r vdr`` vnx` f`|ac`s' Spxxis` `ncd il vdr`` xric`ss`s dikf ig` vnx` fra|`' @|`rq xric`ss giu r`~p`svs r`~p`svs vd` ivd`r vnx` fra|`' Vdr`` xric`ss`s uakk b` giu ag f`nfkicm svnv`' Ngivd`r `tnoxk` as n xric`ss dn|age cigvrik il vd` vnx` fra|`+ r`~par`s xragv`r vi cioxk`v` avs xragvage jib+ n f`nfkicm iccprs ag udacd bivd vd` xric`ss`s nr` unavage lir r`siprc`s' F`nfkicm cng iccprs ns n r`spkv il ciox`vavaig i|`r ngq sdnr`f f`|ac`' Fprage f`nfkicm+ xric`ss`s g`|`r lagasd ngf nkk sqsv`o r`siprc`s nr` bkicm`f' Vdas xr`|`gvs g`u jibs lrio svnrvage'
G`c`ssnrq cigfavaigs lir f`nfkicm vi iccpr: Lir n f`nfkicm vi iccpr+ likkiuage cigfavaigs opsv b` vrp`: >' Opvpnk @tckpsaig : sdnr`f r`siprc`s nr` nc~par`f ngf ps`f ag n opvpnkkq `tckpsaig ongg`r a'`' igkq ig` nv n vao`' 2' Dikf ngf Unav: `ncd xric`ss dikfs vd` r`siprc`s nkkicnv`f vi av udak` unavage lir r`siprc`s' 3' Gi Xr``oxvaigs: igc` nkkicnv`f+ r`siprc`s cng igkq b` r`k`ns`f bncm bq vdnv xric`ss' Vd` sqsv`o cnggiv lirc`lpkkq r`|im` vd`o' 6' Carcpknr Unavage: f`nfkicms nr` ag|im`f ag n carcpknr cdnag spcd vdnv `ncd xric`ss dikfs sio` r`siprc`s g``f`f bq ivd`rs' Nkk vd` nbi|` snv`f cigfavaigs opsv b` vd`r` lir n f`nfkicm vi iccpr'
xric`ss`s vi r`k`ns` r`k`ns` nkk avs r`siprc`s r`siprc`s ud`g av r`~p`svs lir ng pgn|naknbk` r`siprc`' Av cng b` fig` bq psage vui svrnv`ea`s: >' Xric`ss cng r`~p`sv lir r`siprc`s ud`g av as dn|age gi r`siprc`s nv nkk' 2' N xric`ss cng r`~p`sv lir r`siprc`s sv`x bq sv`x ag spcd n ongg`r vdnv av r`k`ns` vd` r`siprc`s nc~par`f bq av b`lir` r`~p`svage ngivd`r r`siprc` vdnv as pgn|naknbk`' Vd` larsv svrnv`eq kiims |`rq `nsq vi aoxk`o`gv bpv al likkiu vd` svrnv`eq+ n xric`ss uakk dn|` vi unav lir vd`s` r`siprc`s' Vdas k`nfs vi onjir sqsv`o f`ernfnvaig' Vd` s`cigf nxxrincd r`~par`s cnr`lpk dikfage ngf r`k`nsage il r`siprc`s' Av n|iafs vd` fasnf|ngvne` il larsv nxxrincd bpv sio` r`siprc`s cnggiv b` r`nc~par`f knv`r lir `tnoxk`+ lak`s ag vd` v`oxirnrq o`oirq' $b! @kaoagnvage Gi Xr``oxvaig : gi xr``oxvaig cng b` n|iaf bq likkiuage xr``oxvaig'
Vdnv o`ngs vd` sqsv`o cng r`|im` iug`rsdax il r`siprc`s lrio n xric`ss' Bpv vdas r`~par`s svirage svirage vd` svnv` il vd` xric`ss b`lir` r`|image n r`siprc` lrio av' Xr``oxvaig as
xissabk` lir sio` vqx` il r`siprc`s `'e' CXP , o`oirq ud`r`ns av cnggiv b` nxxka`f vi sio` r`siprc`s kam` xragv`r' $c! @kaoagnvage Carcpknr Unav: Carcpknr Unav cng b` n|iaf`f bq kag`nr irf`rage il
r`siprc`s ag n sqsv`o' Ag kag`nr irf`rage il r`siprc`s+ vd` sqsv`o sqsv`o r`siprc`s nr` fa|af`f agvi fall`r`gv cknss`s Ca ud`r` vd` |nkp` cng rnge` lrio > vi G' f`nfkicms nr` xr`|`gv`f bq lircage vd` xric`ss`s vi nc~par` sqsv`o r`siprc`s ag agcr`nsage irf`r il r`siprc`s cknss' Lir `tnoxk` al n xric`ss dns r`~p`sv`f n r`siprc`s il cknss2+ cknss2+ av cng giu r`~p`sv r`~p`sv r`siprc`s il cknss 3 ir nbi|` ngf giv r`siprc`s il cknss >'
6'4 F`nfkicm F`nfkicm N|iafngc` N|iafngc` Vd` bnsac af`n il f`nfkicm n|iafngc` as vi erngv igkq vdis` r`siprc` r`~p`svs vdnv cnggiv xissabkq xissabkq r`spkv r`spkv agvi svnv` svnv` il f`nfkicm' Vdas Vdas svrnv`eq svrnv`eq as aoxk`o`gv`f aoxk`o`gv`f bq dn|age n r`siprc` r`siprc` nkkicnvir ag vd` sqsv`o+ udacd `tnoag`s vd` `ll`cvs il nkkicnvage r`siprc` ngf erngv vd` ncc`ss igkq al av uakk uakk giv r`spkv agvi n svnv` svnv` il f`nfkicm+ ivd`ruas` vd` r`~p`svage r`~p`svage xric`ss uakk b` spsx`gf`f vakk vd` vao` av uipkf b` snl` vi erngv ncc`ss vi vd` r`~par`f r`siprc`' Vi n|iaf vd` f`nfkicm+ sqsv`o r`~par`s `ncd xric`ss vi sx`calq vd`ar ontaopo r`siprc` g``fs b`lir` vd`ar `t`cpvaig' Vd` xric`ss r`~p`svage r`~p`svage r`siprc`s oir` vdng vd` xr`/svnv`f xr`/svnv`f kaoav kaoav as giv nfoavv`f nfoavv`f lir `t`cpvaig' `t`cpvaig' Vd` r`siprc` nkkicnvir m``xs vrncm il gpob`r il nkkicnv`f ngf lr`` r`siprc`s il `ncd vqx`' N xric`ss+ udacd as r`~p`svage ng pgn|naknbk` r`siprc`+ as onf` vi unav' Ud`g vd` r`siprc` as n|naknbk`+ vd` r`siprc`s nkkicnvir ngnkqs`s vdnv erngvage vd` ncc`ss`s uipkf r`spkv r`spkv agvi n svnv` il f`nfkicm f`nfkicm ir giv' Al gi gi ncc`ss as erngv`f erngv`f ngf al q`s+ xric`ss xric`ss as spsx`gf`f' N ernxd/bns`f nkeiravdo onq nksi b` ps`f' Ag vdas+ n ernxd il cprr`gv sqsv`o svnv` ngf nlv`r erngv sqsv`o svnv` as xkivv`f vi f`caf` nbipv erngvage ncc`ss vi n r`~p`sv`f r`siprc`'
6'1 F`nfkicm F`nfkicm F`v`cvaig F`v`cvaig ngf R`ci|`rq R`ci|`rq Ag f`nfkicm f`v`cvaig ngf r`ci|`rq+ vd` sqsv`o erngvs vd` ncc`ss vi `ncd r`~p`svage xric`ss lr``kq' Av iccnsaignkkq+ cd`cms lir f`nfkicms ag irf`r vi r`cknao d`kf bq xric`ss`s ag f`nfkicm' Nv n svne`+ ud`g sqsv`o as cd`cm`f lir f`nfkicm+ vd` f`v`cvaig nkeiravdo `tnoag`s nkk xissabk` s`~p`gc`s lir agcioxk`v` xric`ss' Al ciox`vavaig xric`ss `tasvs vd`g vd` sqsv`o
as giv ag f`nfkicm svne` ivd`ruas` vd` sqsv`o as giv f`nfkicm svne` ngf nkk agcioxk`v` xric`ss`s nr` bkicm`f' F`nfkicm F`nfkicm f`v`cvaig f`v`cvaig as ciooigk ciooigkq q n xnrv il f`nfkicm f`nfkicm ngf r`ci|`rq r`ci|`rq xric`ss xric`ss f`nfkicm f`v`cvaig igkq n xribk`o fi`s giv sik|`s av' Giu+ vd` sqsv`o opsv br`nm vd` f`nfkicm si vdnv xric`ss onq b` xric`ss`f' Vd`r` nr` vui ixvaigs lir f`nfkicm r`ci|`rq |an: xric`ss v`roagnvaig ngf r`siprc` xr``oxvaig' Vd` larsv sv`x ag f`nfkicm r`ci|`rq as vi af`gvalq f`nfkicm xric`ss`s' Vd` g`tv sv`x as vi rikk bncm ir r`svnrv ig` ir oir` xric`ss`s xric`ss`s cnpsage f`nfkicm' R`svnrvage k`nfs vi vd` kiss il uirm fig` bq vd` xnrvacpknr xric`ss`s nr` cdis`g udacd nr` k`ss cisvkq vi rikk bncm' Vd` xric`ss as rikk`f bncm vi vd` xiagv ud`r` vd` f`nfkicm as r`k`ns`f' Spcd lncakava`s lncakava`s r`~par`f r`~par`f bq vd` vd` sqsv`o sqsv`o g``fs daed r`kanbak r`kanbakavq avq ngf ngf ir n|naknba n|naknbakavq kavq bpv vd`s` vd`s` nkeiravdos uakk b` fnge`rips ud`g xric`ss`s dn|` onf` cdnge`s+ udacd cng b` rikk`f bncm'
Cdnxv`r/A\
CXP Scd`fpkage @gf Cdnxv`r ~pazz`s: ^>' N onjir xribk`o uavd xrairavq scd`fpkage as YYYYYYYYY' n' F`lagav` bkicmage b' Svnr|nvaig c' Kiu xrairavq f' Gig` il vd` nbi|` ^2' Opvpnk `tckps `tckpsaig aig n' al ig` xric`ss as ag n cravacnk r`eaig ivd`rs nr` `tckpf`f b' xr`|`gvs f`nfkicm c' r`~par`s s`onxdir`s vi aoxk`o`gv f' as lipgf igkq ag vd` Uagfius GV ix`rnvage sqsv`o ^3' Ag ig` il vd` f`nfkicm xr`|`gvaig o`vdifs+ aoxis` aoxis` n vivnk irf`rage irf`rage il nkk r`siprc` vqx`s+ ngf r`~par` vdnv `ncd xric`ss r`~p`svs r`siprc`s ag ng agcr`nsage irf`r il `gpo`rnvaig' Vdas |aiknv`s vd` YYYYYYYYYYYYYYY cigfavaig il f`nfkicm n' Opvpnk `tckps `tckpsaig aig b' Dikf ngf Unav c' Carcpknr Unav f' Gi Xr``oxvaig ^6' Ag n opkvavdr`nf`f opkvavdr`nf`f `g|arigo`gv `g|arigo`gv YYYYYYY' YYYYYYY' n' @ncd vdr`nf as nkkicnv`f uavd g`u o`oirq lrio onag o`oirq' b' Onag vdr`nfs v`roagnv` nlv`r vd` v`roagnvaig il cdakf vdr`nfs' c' @|`rq xric`ss cng dn|` igkq ig` vdr`nf' f' Gig` il vd` nbi|` ^0' Ag n opkvavdr`nf`f opkvavdr`nf`f `g|arigo`gv `g|arigo`gv YYYYYYY' YYYYYYY' n' @ncd vdr`nf as nkkicnv`f uavd g`u o`oirq lrio onag o`oirq' b' Onag vdr`nfs v`roagnv` nlv`r vd` v`roagnvaig il cdakf vdr`nfs' c' @|`rq xric`ss cng dn|` igkq ig` vdr`nf' f' Gig` il vd` nbi|`
0'> O`oirq Ongne`o`gv Av as n v`cdga~p` ps`f bq I'S' vi nkkicnv` xdqsacnk o`oirq il lagav` cnxncavq vi opkvaxk` r`~p`svage xric`ss`s' Ag ivd`r uirfs u` cng snq vdnv o`oirq ongne`o`gv as cigc`rg`f uavd vd` nkkicnvaig , f`/nkkicnvaig il xdqsacnk vi ps`rs ngf sqsv`o xric`ss`s' Nffr`ss Bagfage: / Vd` bagfage bagfage il agsvrpcvaig agsvrpcvaigss ngf fnvn vi o`oirq o`oirq nffr`ss as cnkk`f cnkk`f vd`
nffr`ss bagfage' Av cng b` nv ngq sv`x il xric`ssage ns likkius'
$n!
Cioxak` vao` bagfage:/
Al vd` nffr`ss il vd` xric`ss ag vd` o`oirq cng b` givac`f nv cioxak` vao` , vd`g vd` nbsikpv` cif` cng b` e`g`rnv`f vdas vqx` il bagfage as cnkk`f vd` cioxak` vao` bagfage' Ag cioxak` vao` bagfage xdqsacnk o`oirq cdnge`s+ vd` udik` xrierno uakk dn|` vi b` r`uravv`g'
Cioxak`
Xric`ss
Onag O`oirq
Cioxak` Vao` Bagfage $b!Kinf vao` bagfage:/ Al vd` lagnk bagfage il nffr`ss as fig` nv vd` kinf vao` vdnv bagfage as cnkk`f vd` kinf vao` bagfage' Ag vdas scd`o` il vd` svnrvage nffr`ss cdnge`s vd`g vd` xrierno as jpsv r`kinf`f vi agcirxirnv` vd` cdnge`s |nkp`'
Xric`ss Cioxak`r
R`kicnvaig R`easv`r Onag O`oirq
Kinf vao` bagfage
$c! Rpg vao` bagfage:/ Al vd` nffr`ss bagfage as as fig` nv vd` rpg vao` vdnv scd`o` as cnkk`f vd` rpg vao` bagfage ir `t`cpvaig vao` bagfage' N sx`cank dnrfunr` cnkk`f vd` o`oirq ongne`o`gv pgav as ps`f lir vdas magf il bagfage' O`oirq ongne`o`gv scd`o`s nr` brinfkq fa|af`f agvi vui onjir cnv`eira`s a'`' Cigvaepips Nkkicnvaig ngf Gig/cigvaepips Nkkicnvaig' Nkkicnvaig' Ag cigvaepips o`oirq nkkicnvaig+ `ncd kieacnk ibj`cv as xknc`f ag xdqsacnk o`oirq nv cigs`cpva|` nffr`ss' N ciooig nxxrincd uavd cigvaepips nkkicnvaig as vi xnrvavaig vd` n|naknbk` xdqsacnk o`oirq ngf lpklakk vd` r`~par`o`gv il r`~p`svage xric`ss`s' O`oirq xnrvavaig`f onq b` `avd`r svnvac xnrvavaig`f ir fqgnoac xnrvavaig`f' xnrvavaig`f' Svnvac Xnrvavaig`f: / Ag vdas o`oirq xnrvavaigage+ o`oirq xnrvavaigs nr` cr`nv`f sio` vao` b`lir` vd` `t`cpvaig il ps`r xriernos ngf vd`s` xnrvavaigs r`onag lag`f+ av o`ngs vdnv ig` cng‑v cdnge` vd`g ig` vd`q nr` f`lag`f' f`lag`f' Ag svnvac xnrvavaigage xnrvavaigage unsdage il o`oirq uavdag n xnrvavaig+ fp` vi n fall`r`gc` ag vd` saz` il n xnrvavaig ngf vd` saz` il n r`saf`gv xric`ss uavdag av as cnkk`f ns agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' Fqgnoac Xnrvavaig O`oirq Nkkicnvaig: / Ag vdas o`oirq nkkicnvaig+ o`oirq xnrvavaigs nr` cr`nv`f fqgnoacnkkq ag r`sxigs` vi xric`ss r`~p`svs' Vd` xnrvavaig cr`nvaig xric`ss ei`s ig vakk vd` udik` o`oirq dns b``g pvakaz`f ir ontaopo nkkiunbk` f`er`` il opkvaxk`tage as r`ncd`f' Ag vdas scd`o` vd` saz`s il vd` xnrvavaigs nr` giv lag`f+ av o`ngs vdnv qip cng cdnge` cdnge` vd`o nlv`r vd`q vd`q nr` f`lag`f' f`lag`f' Fqgnoac Fqgnoac xnrvavaigage xnrvavaigage r`onags r`onags vd` vd` xribk`o il agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig bq onmage `ncd xnrvavaig igkq ns knre` ns g`c`ssnrq ag irf`r vi snvaslq vd` r`~p`sv il vd` agcioage xric`ss' Ag fqgnoac xnrvavaigage+ unsvage il o`oirq b`vu``g xnrvavaigs fp` vi scnvv`rage il vd` lr`` xnrvavaigs as cnkk`f ns `tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig'
0'2 Nffr`ss Sxnc` Vd` rnge` il |arvpnk |arvpnk nffr`ss`s vdnv vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o nssaegs nssaegs vi n ps`r ps`r ir s`xnrnv`kq rpggage xrierno as cnkk`f ng nffr`ss sxnc`' Vdas as vd` nr`n il cigvaepips |arvpnk nffr`ss`s n|naknbk` lir `t`cpvage agsvrpcvaigs ngf svirage fnvn' Vd` rnge` il |arvpnk nffr`ss`s ag ng nffr`ss sxnc` svnrvs nv z`ri ngf cng `tv`gf vi vd` daed`sv nffr`ss x`roavv`f bq vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o nrcdav`cvpr`'
Kieacnk |`rsps Xdqsacnk Nffr`ss Sxnc`: Ng nffr`ss sxnc` e`g`rnv`f bq vd` CXP as ciooigkq r`l`rr`f vi ns n kieacnk nffr`ss+ ud`r` ns ng nffr`ss s``g bq vd` o`oirq pgav/ vdnv as+ vd` vd` ig` kinf`f agvi vd` o`oirq/nffr o`oirq/nffr`ss `ss r`easv`r r`easv`r il vd` o`oirq/ o`oirq/ ciooigkq r`l`rr`f vi ns n xdqsacnk nffr`ss' nffr`ss' Vd` s`v il nkk kieacnk nffr`ss e`g`rnv`f bq n xrierno as n kieacnk/nffr`ss sxnc`= vd` s`v il nkk xdqsacnk nffr`ss cirr`sxigfage vd`s` kieacnk nffr`ss`s nffr`ss`s as n xdqsacnk/ nffr`ss nffr`ss sxnc`'
0'3 O`oirq Nkkicnvaig V`cdga~p`s O`oirq nkkicnvaig as il vui magfs: Cigvaepips O`oirq Nkkicnvaig'
Gig/cigvaepips O`oirq Nkkicnvaig'
cigvaepips o`oirq nkkicnvaig nkkicnvaig++ n o`oirq/ r`saf`gv r`saf`gv Cigvaepips O`oirq Nkkicnvaig: Ag cigvaepips xrierno iccpxa`s n sagek` cigvaepips bkicm il xdqsacnk o`oirq' Vd` o`oirq as xnrvavaig`f agvi bkicms il fall`r`gv saz`s+ lir ncciooifnvage vd` xriernos' Vd` xnrvavaigage as il vui magfs: n! Lat`f Xnrvavaigage' Vd` o`oirq o`oirq as fa|af`f fa|af`f agvi n lat`f lat`f gpob`r il xnrvav xnrvavaigs+ aigs+ il
fall`r`gv saz`s+ udacd onq spav vd` rnge` il pspnkkq iccprrage xrierno/saz`s' @ncd xnrvavaig cng ncciooifnv` `tncvkq ig` xric`ss' Vdps+ vd` f`er`` il opkva/xriernooage as lat`f' lat`f' Ud`g`|`r+ Ud`g`|`r+ n xrierno xrierno g``fs g``fs vi b` kinf`f+ kinf`f+ n xnrvavaig+ xnrvavaig+ bae `giped `giped vi ncciooifnv` vd` xrierno+ as nkkicnv`f' Sagc`+ n xrierno onq giv `tncvkq lav vd` nkkicnv`f nkkicnv`f xnrvavaig xnrvavaig== sio` sxnc` sxnc` onq b` k`lv k`lv pgiccpxa`f+ pgiccpxa`f+ nlv`r kinfage kinfage vd` xrierno' xrierno' Vdas sxnc` as unsv`f ngf av as v`ro`f ns Agv`rgnk Lrneo`gvnvaig' Vd` o`oirq ongne`o`gv as aoxk`o`gv`f psage n vnbk`+ cnkk`f Xnrvavaig F`scraxvaig Vnbk` $XFV!' Vdas vnbk` agfacnv`s vd` bns` ngf saz` il `ncd xnrvavaig+ nkige uavd avs svnvps $ud`vd`r L:Lr`` ir N: Nkkicnv`f!' @tnoxk` : Xnrvavaig F`scraxvaig Vnbk` $XFV! Xnrvavaig Af Xnrvavaig Bns` Xnrvavaig Saz` Xnrvavaig Svnvps 8 8 08 M N > 08 M 08 M L 2 >88 M 08 M N 3 >08 M >88 M N
>' Vd` f`er`` il opkva/xriernooage as lat`f+ sagc` vd` gpob`r il xnrvavaigs as lat`f' 2' Spll`rs lrio agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' $b! \nranbk` Xnrvavaigage: Vdas scd`o` as lr`` il vd` kaoavnvaigs `gcipgv`r`f ag vd`
Xneage Av x`roavs xdqsacnk nffr`ss sxnc` il n xric`ss vi b` gig/cigvaepips' Vd` kieacnk nffr`ss sxnc` il n xric`ss as fa|af`f agvi bkicms il lat`f saz` cnkk`f Xne`s' Nksi+ vd` xdqsacnk o`oirq as fa|af`f agvi bkicms il lat`f saz` cnkk`f Lrno`s' Ag n sqsv`o+ vd` xne` ngf lrno` uakk uakk b` il sno` saz`' Vd` saz` as il vd` irf`r il 0>2 bqv`s vi n l`u OB' Ud`g`|`r+ Ud`g`|`r+ n xric`ss as vi b` `t`cpv`f+ avs xne` as oi|`f lrio s`cigfnrq svirne` svirne` $n lnsv fasm! vi vd` n|naknbk` lrno`s ag xdqsacnk o`oirq' Vd` aglironvaig nbipv lrno` gpob`r+ ag udacd n xne` as r`saf`gv+ as `gv`r`f ag xne` vnbk`' Vd` xne` vnbk` as agf`t`f bq xne` gpob`r'
Aoxk`o`gvnvaig il Xneage
Vd` sqsv`o onm`s ps` il xneage vnbk`+ vi aoxk`o`gv xneage' Ud`g n xric`ss as vi b` kinf`f+ kinf`f+ avs xne`s nr` oi|`f vi lr`` lrno`s ag vd` xdqsacnk xdqsacnk o`oirq' o`oirq' Vd` aglironvaig aglironvaig nbipv lrno` gpob`r+ ud`r` n xne` as svir`f+ as `gv`r`f ag vd` xne` vnbk`' Fprage vd` xric`ss `t`cpvaig+ CXP e`g`rnv`s n kieacnk nffr`ss+ vdnv cioxras`s il xne` gpob`r $x! ngf ills`v uavdag vd` xne` $f!' Vd` xne` gpob`r x as ps`f vi agf`t agvi vd` xne` vnbk` ngf l`vcd cirr`sxigfage lrno` gpob`r $l!' Vd` xdqsacnk nffr`ss as ibvnag`f bq ciobagage vd` lrno` gpob`r $l! uavd vd` ills`v $f!' Ea|`g n Kieacnk Nffr`ss K+ Diu vi Cioxpv` vd` Cirr`sxigfage Xdqsacnk Nffr`ss9 Lir n —o‑ bav xric`ssir+ vd` nffr`ss uakk b` o bavs kige' K`v vd` xne` saz` b` 2g bqv`s' Vd`g+ vd` kiu`r irf`r g bav b av il n kieacnk nffr`ss A uakk r`xr`s`gv xne` ills`v $f! ngf vd` daed`r irf`r o/g bavs uakk r`xr`s`gv vd` xne` gpob`r $x!' Vd`g+ xne` gpob`r
x ? K)2g
Ngf xne` ills`v
f ? K%2g
K`v l b` vd` lrno` gpob`r vdnv dikf vd` xne` r`l`r`gc`f bq kieacnk nffr`ss >' Vd`g l cng b` ibvnag`f bq agf`tage agvi xne`/vnbk`+ bq psage xne` gpob`r x ns
agf`t a'`'+
l
Cirr`sxig xigfage xdq xdqsacnk nff nffr`ss `ss
? xne`/vnbk` ]x_= ? l * 2g - f
Vdas xdqsacnk nffr`ss as l`f vi vd` O`oirq Ongne`o`gv Pgav $OOP! vi ncc`ss vd` o`oirq kicnvaig+ r`l`r`gc`f bq kieacnk nffr`ss >' Vd` ont saz` il kieacnk nffr`ss sxnc` il n xric`ss cng b` 2o bqv` a'`'+ px vi 2g xne`s' Agv`rgnk Lrneo`gvnvaig ag Xneage
Sagc`+ n xrierno saz` onq giv b` ng `tncv opkvaxk` il vd` xne`/saz`+ sio` sxnc` uipkf r`onag pgiccpxa`f ag vd` knsv xne` il n xric`ss' Vdas r`spkvs ag agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' Vd` n|`rne` o`oirq kiss+ fp` vi agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig+ uipkf b` il vd` irf`r il dnkl xne` x`r xric`ss' Si+ knre`r vd` xne` saz`+ knre`r uipkf b` vd` kiss il o`oirq+ o`oirq+ bq agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig+ uipkf b` il vd` irf`r il dnkl xne` x`r xric`ss' Si+ knre`r vd` xne` saz`+ knre`r uipkf b` vd` kiss il o`oirq+ bq agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' Spxxis`+ n sqsv`o spxxirvs n xne` – saz` il X bqv`+ Vd`g+ n xrierno il saz` O bqv`s+ uakk dn|` ng agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig ? x/$O % X! b qv`s' Kaoavnvaigs il Bnsac Xneage Scd`o` $fascpss`f nbi|`! |as/n/|a Cigvaepips O`oirq Nkkicnvaig Vd` `ll`cva|` o`oirq ncc`ss vao` agcr`ns`s+ sagc` lir ncc`ssage il ng ix`rngf+ larsv avs lrno` gpob`r dns vi b` ncc`ss`f' Sagc`+ vd` xne` vnbk` r`saf`s ag vd` RNO avs`kl+ vd` `ll`cva|` ncc`ss vao` vi e`v ng ix`rngf uakk b` vuac` vd` RNO ncc`ss vao`' Si+ al RNO ncc`ss vao` as >88 gs+ vd` `ll`cva|` ncc`ss vao` uipkf b` 288 gs' Vd` xne` vnbk` iccpxa`s n saegalacngv saegalacngv noipgv il o`oirq' @tnoxk`:
Xne` # $x!
Ills`v $f!
Lir n 32 bav xric`ssir+ uavd n xne` saz` il >826 bqv`+ Saz` il kieacnk nffr`ss ? g ? 32 Xne` saz` ? 2o ? 2>8 ? >826 bqv`s Gpob`r il bavs vi r`xr`s`gv xne` ills`v ? o ? >8 Gpob`r Gpob`r il bavs vi r`xr`s`gv r`xr`s`gv xne` xne` gpob`r ? g – o ? 22
Vd` kiu irf`r >8 bavs il n kieacnk nffr`ss uakk r`xr`s`gv xne`/ills`v ngf vd` daed`r irf`r 22 bavs uakk r`xr`s`gv xne` gpob`r' Ont saz` il kieacnk nffr`ss sxnc` ? 232 bqv`s ? 6 E Bqv`s' Ont gpob`r il xne`s ag kieacnk nffr`ss sxnc` ? 222 ? 6 Oakkaig' Si+ vd` ont k`gevd il xne` vnbk` il n xric`ss ? 6 O `gvra`s+ `ncd `gvrq b`age 6 bqv`s' Si+ n xne` vnbk` uipkf iccpxq >< O bqv` ag RNO' Spxxis`+ vd` xdqsacnk o`oirq saz` saz` as 20< OB+ vd` xne` vnbk` il n xric`ss uipkf iccpxq >)>
Vrngsknvaig Kiim/nsaf` Bpll`r $VKB!
VKB as xne`/vnbk` cncd`+ udacd as aoxk`o`gv`f ag n lnsv nssicanva|` o`oirq' Vd` nssicanva|` o`oirq as fasvagepasd`f bq avs nbakavq vi s`nrcd lir n m`q+ cigcprr`gvkq ag nkk `gvra`s ag n vnbk`' Vdas xrix`rvq onm`s vd` nssicanva|` o`oirq opcd lnsv`r vdng cig|`gvaignk RNO' Bpv+ av as opcd cisvka`r nksi' Fp` vi daed`r cisv+ av onq giv b` cisv/ `ll`cva|` vi dn|` vd` `gvar` xne` vnbk` ag VKB+ bpv n spbs`v il vd` xne`/vnbk`+ vdnv onq b` cprr`gvkq ncva|`+ cng b` oi|`f vi VKB' Av as aoxk`o`gv`f ns likkius: @ncd `gvrq il VKB uipkf cigvnag Xne` # il n xne` ngf vd` Lrno` # ud`r` vd` xne` as svir`f ag RNO' Ud`g`|`r+ n kieacnk nffr`ss as e`g`rnv`f+ vd` xne` gpob`r x il vd` kieacnk nffr`ss as l`f ns n m`q vi vd` VKB' Vd` m`q as s`nrcd`f ag xnrnkk`k ag nkk vd` `gvra`s il VKB' Al n onvcd lipgf lir vd` xne` gpob`r x+ av as v`ro`f ns VKB Dav' Vd` `gvrq+ uavd vd` onvcdage gpob`r cigvnags vd` Lrno` # l+ ud`r` vd` xne` as svir`f' Vd` lrno` gpob`r as ps`f vi ncc`ss vd` f`sar`f xdqsacnk kicnvaig ag vd` RNO'
Al onvcd giv lipgf lir vd` xne` gpob`r+ av agfacnv`s VKB Oass' Vd`g+ vd` lrno` gpob`r as ncc`ss`f lrio vd` xne` vnbk`' Nksi+ vd` xne` vnbk` `gvrq as oi|`f vi VKB+ si+ vdnv lir lprvd`r r`l`r`gc`s vi vdnv xne`+ avs lrno` gpob`r cng b` ncc`ss`f lrio vd` VKB avs`kl' Al VKB as lpkk+ vd`g sio` r`xknc`o`gv nkeiravdo cng b` ps`f vi r`xknc` ig` il vd` `tasvage `gvra`s ag vd` VKB' Vd` nkeiravdo cipkf b` ‛r`xknc`o`gv il vd` k`nsv r`c`gvkq ps`f $KRP! `gvrq‟' Vdas uipkf aoxri|` vd` `ll`cva|` o`oirq ncc`ss vao` ns akkpsvrnv`f bq vd` likkiuage `tnoxk`: K`v VKB Dav Rnvai ?8'1 $Vdas as vd` xribnbakavq vdnv ng agv`gf`f lrno` gpob`r uipkf b` lipgf ag vd` VKB avs`kl+ uavd gi g``f vi kiim agvi vd` Xne` Vnbk`' Knre`r vd` VKB+ daed`r uipkf b` vd` VKB Dav Rnvai'! K`v RNO ncc`ss vao` v
Ills`v ir fasxknc`o`gv f+ vdnv as ps`f vi agf`t agvi vd` s`k`cv`f lrno` vi ibvnag vd` f`sar`f ix`rngf' Xdqsacnk nffr`ss ? l* xne`/saz` - f= Vd` ciobag`f k`gevd il nkk vd` agg`r xne` vnbk`s uipkf b` sno` ns vd` vd` k`gevd il n sagek` xne` vnbk` ag vd` cns` il sagek`/k`|`k/xneage'
@tnoxk` : Spxxis` saz` il kieacnk nffr`ss ? g ? 32 Xne` saz`
? 2o ? 2>8? >826 bqv`s
Gpob`r il bavs vi r`xr`s`gv xne` ills`v ? o ? >8 Gpob`r il bavs vi r`xr`s`gv xne` gpob`r ? g – o ? 22 K`gevd il xne` vnbk` $lir sagek`/k`|`k/xneage! ? 222 ? 6 o `gvra`s Spxxis`+ lir vd` vui k`|`k xneage+ il vd` vivnk 22 bavs r`xr`s`gvage xne` gpob`r ngf >8 bavs nr` ps`f vi r`xr`s`gv vd` agg`r xne` gpob`r' Vd`g+ K`gevd il ipv`r xne` vnbk` ? 2>2 ? 6 M `gvra`s Gpob` Gpob`rr il ipv`r ipv`r xne` vnbk`s vnbk`s
?>
K`gevd il `ncd agg`r xne` vnbk` ? 2>8 ? > M `gvra`s Gpob`r il agg`r xne` vnbk`s
? 2>2 ? 6 M
Ciobag`f k`gevd il nkk agg`r xne` vnbk` ? > M T 6 M ? 6 O `gvra`s Vdas as `tncvkq `~pnk vi vd` xne` vnbk` k`gevd vi sagek`/k`|`k xneage' Bpv+ ag vd` vui k`|`k xneage+ nkk agg`r xne` vnbk`s g``f giv b` cigcprr`gvkq o`oirq/ r`saf`gv' Spxxis`+ vd` `t`cpvage xrierno dns n kieacnk nffr`ss sxnc` il 32 OB' Vdas uipkf cioxras` cioxras` 32M xne`s' xne`s' @ncd agg`r agg`r xne` vnbk` cng nffr`ss nffr`ss > M xne`s' Si+ igkq 32 agg`r xne` vnbk`s $ipv il vd` vivnk 6 M agg`r xne` vnbk`s! uipkf g``f vi b` o`oirq/ r`saf`gv' Vdps+ av r`fpc`s vd` o`oirq i|`rd`nf il xne` vnbk`' Nf|ngvne` il Opkva/k`|`k xneage
Nkk vd` agg`r xne` vnbk`s uipkf giv b` r`~par`f vi b` o`oirq r`saf`gv saopkvng`ipskq' F`x`gfage pxig vd` saz` il `t`cpvage xrierno+ igkq n sonkk lrncvaig il vd` s`v il agg`r xne` vnbk`s uipkf g``f vi b` o`oirq r`saf`gv+ vdps r`fpcage vd` o`oirq i|`rd`nf il xne` vnbk`' Fasnf|ngvne` il Opkva/k`|`k Xneage
Vi ncc`ss ng ix`rngf+ opkva/k`|`k xneage g``fs sio` `tvrn o`oirq ncc`ss`s' Lir `tnoxk`+ ag vd` cns` il vui k`|`k xneage+ ng nffavaignk o`oirq ncc`ss as r`~par`f+ vdnv as+ vi e`v vd` bns` nffr`ss il agg`r xne` vnbk`' Dnsd`f Xne` Vnbk`
N xne` vnbk` as cr`nv`f il k`gevd O' Ud`g`|`r+ kieacnk nffr`ss as e`g`rnv`f+ n dnsdage lpgcvaig as nxxka`f vi vd` xne` gpob`r x+ vi e`g`rnv` ng agf`t |nkp` a' Ί
? x % O=
Vd` agf`t |nkp` Ί as ps`f vi agf`t agvi vd` xne` vnbk`' @ncd `gvrq ag vd` xne` vnbk` as n xiagv`r vi n kagm kasv' N gif` ag vd` kagm kasv uakk xri|af` onxxage b`vu``g xne` gpob`r x ngf vd` cirr`sxigfage lrno` gpob`r l' @ncd gif` uakk cigvnag vd` likkiuage aglironvaig: Xne`/gpob`r $snq x >!+ spcd vdnv $x> % O ? ? a! Lrno`/gpob`r l>+ ud`r` vd` xne` gpob`r x> r`saf`s' Xiagv`r vi vd` g`tv gif` ag vd` kasv' Si+ vd` kagm kasv+ ncc`ss`f vdriped vd` agf`t |nkp` a' uakk b` vrn|`rs`f+ vakk n onvcd lipgf lir xne` gpob`r x ngf vd` cirr`sxigfage lrno` gpob`r l as ibvnag`f'
Psage Dnsd`f vnbk`+ u` cng dn|` n xne` vnbk` il ngq k`gevd' Vrngsknvaig lrio kieacnk nffr`ss vi xdqsacnk nffr`ss uakk ag|ik|` agf`tage agvi vd` xne` vnbk` ngf vd`g vrn|`rsage vd` kagm kasv kiimage lir n onvcd il vd` xne` gpob`r' Vd` kagm kasv+ b`age s`~p`gvank+ as vao`/cigspoage' Bpv+ vdas uakk r`fpc` vd` o`oirq i|`rd`nf il xne` vnbk`+ sagc` kagm kasv gif`s uakk b` cr`nv`f igkq lir vdis` xne`s+ vdnv uakk b` o`oirq r`saf`gv' S`eo`gvnvaig Ag s`eo`gvnvaig+ vd` xdqsacnk as fa|af`f ag s`eo`gvs il |nrqage saz`s' @ncd s`eo`gv as nssaeg`f n pga~p` s`eo`gv gpob`r' Vd` o`oirq ongne`o`gv as fig` vdriped n s`eo`gv s`eo`gv vnbk`+ udacd as agf`t`f bq s`eo`gv gpob`r' Lir `ncd s`eo`gv+ av dns ng `gvrq vdnv xri|af`s $n! bns` nffr`ss il vd` s`eo`gv ngf $b! saz` il vd` s`eo`gv' Vd` kieacnk nffr`ss cigvnags cigvnags s`eo`gv s`eo`gv gpob`r —s‑ ngf ills`v ills`v uavdag uavdag vd` s`eo`gv s`eo`gv —f‑' —f‑' Psage Psage vd` vd` s`eo`gv s`eo`gv gpob`r+ vd` sqsv`o ibvnags bns` nffr`ss il vd` s`eo`gv' Vd`g av onm`s n cd`cm vi f`v`roag` ud`vd`r ills`v as uavdag vd` s`eo`gv saz` ir giv' Al q`s vd`g vd` ills`v f as |nkaf ngf xdqsacnk nffr`ss as cioxpv`f bq nffage vd` ills`v vi vd` bns` nffr`ss= nffr`ss= `ks` av as `rrir'
0'6 Sunxxage ngf ngf S`eo`gvnvaig S`eo`gvnvaig uavd xneage xneage Sunxxage as n v`cdga~p` ag udacd n spsx`gf`f xric`ss ir n xr``oxv`f xric`ss as r`oi|`f lrio onag o`oirq vi s`cigfnrq o`oirq ngf knv`r knv`r ig vd` sno` xric`ss as bripedv bncm ag onag o`oirq lrio s`cigfnrq o`oirq' Ud`g n xric`ss as sdalv`f lrio onag o`oirq vi s`cigfnrq o`oirq av as cnkk`f sunxxage ipv ngf avs spbs`~p`gv brageage bncm as cnkk`f sunxxage ag' Vd` xnrv il vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o vdnv x`rliros vdas ncvaig as cnkk`f vd` sunxx`r' Vd` sunxx`r x`rliros vd` likkiuage lpgcvaigs:
>' Av d`kxs ag vd` s`k`cvaig il xric`ss`s noige s`|`rnk bkicm`f ir pgbkicm`f xric`ss`s vi
sunx ipv'
2' Av d`kxs ag vd` s`k`cvaig il xric`ss`s x ric`ss`s vi sunx ag' 3' Av nksi x`rliros vd` ncvaig il nkkicnvaig ng f ongne`o`gv il sunx sxnc`'
Ag s`eo`gvnvaig uavd xneage+ vd` kieacnk sxnc` as fa|af`f agvi n gpob`r il s`eo`gvs il |`ralqage saz`s ngf `ncd s`eo`gv as fa|af`f agvi n gpob`r il xne`s+ `ncd il n lat`f saz`' Vd` o`oirq ongne`o`gv ongne`o`gv as fig` vdriped vdriped n s`eo`gvnvaig s`eo`gvnvaig vnbk`' @ncd s`eo`gv dns ng
`gvrq ag vd` vnbk`' Ng `gvrq cigvnags bns` nffr`ss il vd` s`eo`gv xne` vnbk` ngf saz` il vd` s`eo`gv xne` vnbk`' Vd` kieacnk nffr`ss cigvnags s`eo`gv # —s‑+ xne` gpob`r —x‑ ag n s`eo`gv ngf ills`v —f‑ ag vd` xne`' Vd` s`eo`gv gpob`r—s‑ as vi ncc`ss vd` s`eo`gv `gvrq ag vd` s`eo`gvnvaig vnbk`' Vd` xne` vnbk` bns` nffr`ss —B‑ ag vd` `gvrq as ps`f vi ncc`ss vd` s`eo`gv xne` vnbk`' Si+ `ncd s`eo`gv uakk dn|` n s`xnrnv` xne` vnbk`' Vd` xne` gpob`r —x‑ as ps`f vi ncc`ss vd` lrno` # —l‑ ag vd` xne` vnbk`‑ xri|af` x ; O $a'`'+ saz` il vd` s`eo`gv xne` vnbk`!= `ks` av as ag|nkaf xne` gpob`r' Vd` lrno` gpob`r —l‑ as ciobag`f uavd vd` ills`v—f‑ vi cioxpv` vd` xdqsacnk xdqsacnk nffr`ss'
0'0 \arvpnk O`oirq+ F`ongf Xneage Av as n o`oirq ongne`o`gv scd`o`+ scd`o`+ udacd udacd nkkius xnrvank kinfage
il vd` |arvpnk |arvpnk nffr`ss
sxnc` il n r`saf`gv xric`ss ag xdqsacnk o`oirq' Ag r`nk o`oirq ongne`o`gv ud`g n xric`ss as sunxx`f ipv lrio vd` onag o`oirq+ vd` `gvar` xric`ss aone` uns vi b` sunxx`f ipv' Knv`r ig ud`g vd` sno` xric`ss uns sunxx`f ag' vd`s` scd`o`s nr` `nsq vi aoxk`o`gv+ bpv pglirvpgnv`kq al vd` saz` il xdqsacnk o`oirq as kaoav`f+ vd` gi' il ncva|` xric`ss`s nr` nksi kaoav`f' Vi i|`rcio` vdas kaoavnvaig+ |arvpnk o`oirq as ps`f vdnv nkkius vd` `t`cpvaig il xric`ss`s vdnv onq giv b` cioxk`v`kq ag onag o`oirq' Vdps u` cng snq vdnv |arvpnk o`oirq as n ongne`o`gv' Av as giv n xnrv il onag ir s`cigfnrq o`oirq' Vd` onag |asabk` nf|ngvne`s il |arvpnk o`oirq nr` vdnv av cng nksi `t`cpv` spcd xriernos udis` saz`s nr` er`nv`r vdng vd` cnxncavq il vd` n|naknbk` xdqsacnk o`oirq' Nf|ngvne`s il |arvpnk o`oirq i|`r vd` r`nk o`oirq sqsv`o:/ >' N xric`ss xric`ss as gi kige`r kaoav`f kaoav`f vi noipgv noipgv il onag onag o`oirq o`oirq n|naknbk`' n|naknbk`'
2' F`er`` il opkvaxriernooage agcr`ns`s ns `ncd ps`r x rierno cipkf vnm` k`ss onag o`oirq sxnc`'
3' A)I ix`rnvaig vnm`s k`ss vao` ud`g n xric`ss as kinf`f ir sunxx`f ipv' Ag f`ongf xneage+ vd` `t`cpvaig il n xric`ss svnrvs uavd nv k`nsv ig` xne` agvi onag o`oirq= o`oirq= ib|aipskq ib|aipskq vdas xne` opsv cigvnag cigvnag vd` svnrvage svnrvage xiagv il vd` `t`cpvaig `t`cpvaig il vd` xric`ss' Vd`r` as gi g``f vi kinf nkk vd` xne`s agvi vd` onag o`oirq' Ud`g n o`oirq r`l`r`gc` as onf` lir n xne`+ bpv vdnv xne` iccprs ipvsaf` vd` onag o`oirq+ n xne` lnpkv iccprs udacd cr`nv`s agv`rrpxv ag vd` sqsv`o ngf av r`~p`svs lir kinfage vd` r`l`r`gc`f
xne` aoo`fanv`kq , av as vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o vdnv brages vd` r`~par`f xne` agvi vd` onag o`oirq' D`gc` vd` v`ros f`ongf xneage as ps`f lir vdas v`cdga~p`'
0'< X`rlirongc` il F`ongf Xneage Xne` lnpkv rnv` rnv` nkunqs ka`s b`vu``g b`vu``g z`ri ngf ig`' Xne` lnpkv rnv` 8;? x;?> $K`v x ? xribnbakavq il n xne` lnpkv!
/
al x?8+ gi xne` lnpkv
/
al x?>+ `|`rq r`l`r`gc` r`spkvs ag n xne` x ne` lnpkv
@ll`cva|` Ncc`ss Vao` $@NV! @NV ? $> – x! * dav/v dav/vao` ao` - x * oass/v oass/vao` ao` Av onq nksi b` f`lag`f ns UNV? $>/x! `ll`cva|`Yo`oirqYncc`ss- $xne` lnpkv i|`rd`nf - ]sunx ipv_ - sunx ag r`svnrv i|`rd`nf! K`v ps cigsaf`r ng `tnoxk`: – `ll`cva|`Yo`oirqYncc`ss as >85 gng` s`c$uavd VKB ud`g VKB ncc`ss as 0 gngi s`c!' – O`oirq O`oirq ncc`ss ncc`ss vao` vao` as as >88 >88 g`gis` g`gis`cc i|`rd`nf as >88 oacri oacri s`c – Xne` lnpkv i|`rd`nf
– Xne` sunx vao` as >8 oakkas`cigf' – 08% il vd` vao`+ vd` xne` vdnv as b`age r`xknc`f dns b``g oifala`f ngf vd`r`lir` g``fs vi b` sunxx`f ipv'
Av r`xknc`s KRP xne` a'`+ vd` xne` udacd dns b``g ps`f k`nsv r`c`gvkq' Si+ udak` cdiisage n r`saf`gv xne` lir r`xknc`o`gv+ vd` nkeiravdo vnm`s agvi nccipgv avs cprr`gv psne`' Av as xr`spo`f vdnv n xne` vdnv dns b``g ps`f k`nsv r`c`gvkq+ uipkf b` vd` ig` vdnv uipkf b` k`nsv kam`kq vi b` ncc`ss`f ag vd` g`nr lpvpr`' Ig` aoxk`o`gvnvaig il vdas nkeiravdo cipkf b` bq psage n svncm' Ud`g`|`r+ n g`u xne` as bripedv ag+ av as xknc`f nv vd` vix il svncm' Nksi+ ud`g`|`r+ n r`saf`gv xne` as ncc`ss`f+ av as r`oi|`f lrio avs cprr`gv xisavaig ngf oi|`f vi vd` vix il svncm' Ud`g`|`r+ n xne` as vi b` r`xknc`f+ |acvao xne` as cdis`g lrio
vd` bivvio il svncm' K`v ps s`` vd` x`rlirongc` il vdas nkeiravdo+ lir vd` nbi|` r`l`r`gc` svrage'
R`l`r`gc` Svrage 5
8
>
2
8
3
8
6
2
3
8
3
2
>
2
8
>
5
8
>
Xne` Lrno`s 5
5
5
2
2
6
6
6
8
>
>
>
8
8
8
8
8
8
3
3
3
8
8
>
>
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
5
Xne` ag/ipv R`cirf 5
8
>
2
3
6
2
3
8
>
8
5
/
/
/
5
>
2
3
8
6
8
3
2
Sx`cank Svncm 5
8
>
2
8
3
8
6
2
3
8
3
2
>
2
8
>
5
8
>
5
8
>
2
8
3
8
6
2
3
8
3
2
>
2
8
>
5
8
5
8
>
2
2
3
8
6
2
2
8
3
3
>
2
8
>
5
Gpob`r il Xne` Lnpkvs ag KRP ? >2 Xkps xiagvs il KRP Nkeiravdo' Udak` s`k`cvage n r`saf`gv xne` lir r`xknc`o`gv+ av vnm`s agvi cigsaf`rnvaig vd` cprr`gv psne` il n xne` vd` nkeiravdo as lr`` lrio B`knfqhs Ngionkq' Kaoavnvaigs il KRP Nkeiravdo' Vd` nkeiravdo dns n kiv il xric`ssage/i|`rd`nfs+ udacd nr` g``f`f vi m``x vrncm il KRP xne`' 3'
Ag avs af`nk liro+ vdas nkeiravdo sdipkf r`xknc` n xne`+ udacd as vi b` r`l`r`gc`f ag vd` oisv fasvngv lpvpr`' Sagc`+ av r`~par`s mgiuk`fe` il vd` lpvpr`= avs af`nk liro as giv xrncvacnkkq r`nkaznbk`' Vd` saegalacngc` il vdas nkeiravdo as igkq vd`ir`vacnk' Av as ps`f vi
cioxnr` x`rlirongc` il n xrncvacnkkq r`nkaznbk` nkeiravdo uavd vdnv il vd` ixvaonk $vdiped giv n r`nkaznbk` nkeiravdo+ bpv ixvaonk!' Ixvaonk R`l`r`gc` Svrage 5
8
>
2
8
3
8
6
2
3
8
3
2
>
2
8
>
5
8
>
Xne` Lrno`s 5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
5
8
8
8
8
6
8
8
8
>
>
3
3
3
>
>
Xne` ag/ipv R`cirf 5
8
>
2
3
6
8
>
5
/
/
/
5
>
8
6
3
2
Gpob`r il xne` lnpkvs ag Ixvaonk ? 81 Eiage bq vd` gpob`r il xne` lnpkvs+ vd` Ixvaonk Nkeiravdo nxx`nrs vi b` vd` b`sv+ bpv av as giv l`nsabk` vi aoxk`o`gv vdas nkeiravdo+ sagc` vd` nkeiravdo r`~par`s mgiuk`fe` il vd` lpvpr`' Ipv il LALI ngf KRP nkeiravdos+ vd` KRP as b`vv`r+ sagc` av vnm`s agvi cigsaf`rnvaig vd` cprr`gv psne` il n xne` ud`g`|`r n r`saf`gv xne` as cigsaf`r`f lir r`xknc`o`gv' Vd` xne`+ udacd dns b``g k`nsv r`c`gvkq ps`f+ as cdis`g lir r`xknc`o`gv' Si+ vd` nkeiravdo as lr`` il B`knfqhs Ngionkq' 6' 6'
Ckic kicm Nkeir keiraavdo vdo
Vdas nkeiravdo ciobag`s vd` r`knva|` kiu i|`rd`nf il LALI nkeiravdo uavd vd` xne`/ psne`/cigsaf`rnvaig il vd` KRP nkeiravdo' Vdas nkeiravdo as nksi sio`vao`s r`l`rr`f vi ns Giv R`c`gvkq Ps`f $GRP!' Av r`xknc`s n r`saf`gv xne`+ udacd dns giv b``g ncc`ss`f ag vd` g`nr xnsv' Av uirms ns likkius: Vd` nkeiravdo onagvnags n carcpknr kasv il nkk r`saf`gv xne`s' N r`l`r`gc`f bav as nssicanv`f uavd `ncd xne`+ udacd as s`v ud`g`|`r+ n xne` as r`l`r`gc`f'
@avd`r nv r`epknr agv`r|nks ir ud`g`|`r vd` gpob`r il lr`` xne`/lrno`s lnkks b`kiu n xr`s`v vdr`sdikf+ vd` nkeiravdo su``xs vd` carcpknr kasv' Udak` su``xage+ av ix`rnv`s ns likkius: Av agsx`cvs vd` r`l`r`gc`f bav il `ncd xne`' Al vd` r`l`r`gc`f bav il n xne` as s`v+ av aoxka`s vdnv vd` xne` dns b``g r`l`r`gc`f ag vd` g`nr xnsv a'`'+ spbs`~p`gv vi vd` knsv su``x' Vd` nkeiravdo ck`nrs vd` r`l`r`gc`f bav ngf xric``fs vi kiim nv vd` g`tv xne`' Al vd` r`l`r`gc`f bav il n xne` as giv s`v+ av aoxka`s vdnv vd` xne` dns giv b``g r`l`r`gc`f spbs`~p`gv vi vd` knsv su``x' Giu+ al vd` oifala`f bav il vd` xne` as giv s`v vd`g vd` xne` as f`cknr`f gig/r`saf`gv ngf vd` lrno` as lr``f' Diu`|`r+ al vd` oifala`f bav as s`v vd`g vd` xne` as scd`fpk`f lir uravage igvi fasm' Vd` nkeiravdo cigvagp`s vd` su``x+ vakk vd` r`~p ar`f gpob`r il lrno`s dns b``g lr``f' G`tv vao`+ av cioo`gc`s lrio vd` xiagv ud`r` av dnf k`lv knsv vao` $ns agfacnv`f bq vd` xiagv`r!' 0' 0'
K`ns K`nsvv Lr`~ Lr`~p` p`gv gvkq kq Ps` Ps`f f $KLP $KLP!!
Ag vdas nkeiravdo+ n cipgv as nssicanv`f uavd `ncd r`saf`gv xne`+ udacd as agcr`o`gv`f bq ig`+ ud`g`|`r n xne` as r`l`r`gc`f' Ud`g`|`r n r`xknc`o`gv as g`c`ssnrq+ n xne` uavd k`nsv cipgv as r`xknc`f' Vd` onag frnubncm il vdas nkeiravdo as vdnv sio` xne`s onq dn|` n |`rq daed psne` agavankkq ngf onq bpakf n daed cipgv' Spcd xne`s+ `|`g al vd`q dn|` kiu psne` spbs`~p`gvkq+ uipkf r`onag o`oirq/r`saf`gv+ fp` vi vd` daed cipgv' Ig` sikpvaig vi vdas xribk`o cipkf b` vdnv iccnsaignkkq vd` cipgv il `ncd r`saf`gv xne` cipkf b` sdalv`f raedv bq ig` $fa|af` bq vui!' Vdps+ vd` cipgv uipkf b`cio` ‛`txig`gvankkq/ f`cnqage n|`rne`/psne` cipgv‟' <'
Oisv Ps`f $OP!
Vdas nkeiravdo r`xknc`s vd` xne` uavd vd` knre`sv psne`/cipgv' Av as bns`f ig vd` nsspoxvaig vdnv vd` xne`s uavd sonkk`r cipgv dn|` b``g bripedv/ag igkq r`c`gvkq ngf uipkf g``f vi b` r`saf`gv' Vdas nkeiravdo as |`rq ckis` vi LALI nkeiravdo ngf dns nkk vd` ngionka`s uavd LALI'
0'4 Vdrnsdage Ag xne` r`xknc`o`gv ud`g n xne` lnpkv iccprs+ vd` g`u xne` r`xknc`s uavd n r`saf`gv xne` il ngq xric`ss' Vdas savpnvaig k`nfs vi n s`raips xribk`o ns vd` gi' il sx`cala`f bq vd`
nrcdav`cvpr`' Al spcd n xric`ss fi`s giv dn|` vdas gi' il lrno`s+ av uakk |nrq ~pacmkq xne` lnpkv' Av uakk sx`gf oir` vao` ag xneage rnvd`r vdng avs `t`cpvaig' Vdas daedkq xneage ncva|avq il vd` sqsv`o as cnkk`f ns vdrnsdage' Ag Vdrnsdage ns vd` f`er`` il opkvaxriernooage agcr`ns`s CXP pvakaznvaig nksi agcr`ns`s pgvak n ont' as r`ncd`f+ snq xnagv V nlv`r vdas xiagv V+ al vd` f`er`` il opkvaxriernooage as lprvd`r agcr`ns`f vd`g vdrnsdage vdrnsdage s`vs ag ngf CXP pvakaznvaig fiug sdnrxkq sqsv`os sx`gfs oisv il avs vao` ag sdpvvkage xne`s b`vu``g onag o`oirq ngf s`cigfnrq o`oirq'
CXP Pvakaznvaig
Ixvaopo
F`er`` il opkvaxriernooage
0'1 F`ongf S`eo`gvnvaig S`eo`gvnvaig •
Ps`f ud`g agspllaca`gv dnrfunr` vi aoxk`o`gv f`ongf xneage
•
IS)2 IS)2 nkkicnv nkkicnv`s `s o`oirq o`oirq ag s`eo s`eo`gv `gvs+ s+ udacd udacd av m``xs m``xs vrncm vrncm il vdri vdriped ped s`eo` s`eo`gv gv f`scraxvirs
•
S`eo`gv S`eo`gv f`scr f`scraxv axvir ir cigvna cigvnags gs n |nkaf |nkaf bav bav vi agfacn agfacnv` v` ud`vd` ud`vd`rr vd` s`eo` s`eo`gv gv as cprr`gvkq ag o`oirq' –
Al s`eo s`eo`gv `gv as ag ag onag onag o`oi o`oirq+ rq+ ncc`ss ncc`ss cigv cigvagp agp`s+ `s+
–
Al giv ag o`oi o`oirq rq++ s`e s`eo` o`gv gv lnpk lnpkvv
O`oirq Ongne`o`gv @gf Cdnxv`r ~pazz`s: ^>' \arvpnk O`oirq as ciooigkq aoxk`o`gv`f bq YYYYYYYYYY' n' S`eo`gvnvaig b' Sunxxage c' F`ongf Xneage f' Gig` il vd` nbi|` ^2' YYYYYYYYY Xne` r`xknc`o`gv nkeiravdo spll`rs lrio B`knfqs ngionkq' n' KRP b' ORP c' LALI f' KALI ^3' Xnea ^3' Xneage ge YY YYYY YYYY YYYY YYY' Y' n' sik|`s vd` o`oirq lrneo`gvnvaig xribk`o b' nkkius oifpknr xriernooage c' nkkius svrpcvpr`f xriernooage f' n|iafs f`nfkicm ^6' Ag o`oirq ongne`o`gv+ n v`cdga~p` cnkk`f ns xneage+ xdqsacnk o`oirq as as brim`g agvi lat`f/saz`f bkicms cnkk`f YYYYYYYYYYY' n' Xne`s b' Lrno`s c' Bkicms f' S`eo`gvs ^0' \arvpnk o`oirq as YYYYYYYYYY' n' Ng `tvr`o`kq knre` onag o`oirq b' Ng `tvr`o`kq knre` s`cigfnrq o`oirq c' Ng akkpsaig il `tvr`o`kq knre` onag o`oirq f' N vqx` il o`oirq ps`f ag spx`r cioxpv`rs
Xriv`cvaig il lak`s nenagsv akk`enk liros il ncc`ss'
Svnvac ngf fqgnoac sdnrage il lak`s'
R`kanbk` svirne` il lak`s'
Ag e`g`rnk n lak` sqsv`o cigsasvs il vui onag xnrvs:/
Lak`s/ cikk`cvaig il kieacnk r`knv`f fnvn av`os'
Far`cvirq/ cikk`cvaig il r`knv`f lak`s' lak`s' N far`cvirq svrpcvpr` irengaz`s nkk vd` lak`s ngf cigvnags `giped aglironvaig nbipv vd` lak`s ag vd` sqsv`o'
<'2 Ncc`ss O`vdifs Vd`r` nr` s`|`rnk fall`r`gv unqs ag udacd vd` fnvn svir`f ag n lak` onq b` ncc`ss`f lir r`nfage ngf uravage' Vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o as r`sxigsabk` lir spxxirvage vd`s` lak` ncc`ss o`vdifs' Vd` lpgfno`gvnk o`vdifs lir ncc`ssage aglironvaig ag vd` lak` nr` $n! s`~p`gvank ncc`ss: ag av aglironvaig ag vd` lak` opsv b` ncc`ss`f ag vd` irf`r av as svir`f ag vd` lak`+ $b! far`cv ncc`ss+ ngf $c! agf`t s`~p`gvank ncc`ss'
n' n'
S`~p S`~p`g `gva vank nk Ncc` Ncc`ss ss
N s`~p`gvank lak` as vd` oisv xraoava|` il nkk lak`s svrpcvpr`s' Av dns gi far`cvirq ngf gi kagmage xiagv`rs' Vd` r`cirfs nr` e`g`rnkkq irengaz`f ag n sx`calac s`~p`gc` nccirfage vi vd` m`q la`kf' Ag ivd`r uirfs+ n xnrvacpknr nvvrabpv` as cdis`g udis` |nkp` uakk f`v`roag` vd` irf`r il vd` r`cirfs' Ncc`ss xric``fs s`~p`gvankkq lrio svnrv vi lagasd' Ix`rnvaigs vi
r`nf ir urav` vd` lak` g``f giv sx`calq vd` kieacnk kicnvaig uavdag vd` lak`+ b`cnps` ix`rnvage sqsv`o onagvnags n lak` xiagv`r vdnv f`v`roag`s vd` kicnvaig il vd` g`tv ncc`ss' Sio`vao`s ud`g vd` nvvrabpv` |nkp` as cigsvngv lir n knre` gpob`r il r`cirfs n s`cigf m`q as cdis`g vi ea|` ng irf`r ud`g vd` larsv m`q lnaks vi fascraoagnv`' Ps` il s`~p`gvank lak` r`~par`s fnvn vi b` sirv`f ag n f`sar`f s`~p`gc` nccirfage vi vd` m`q la`kf b`lir` svirage ir xric`ssage vd`o' Avs onag nf|ngvne`s nr`:
Av as `nsq vi aoxk`o`gv
Av xri|af`s lnsv ncc`ss vi vd` g`tv r`cirfs al vd` r`cirfs nr` vi b` ncc`ss`f psage k`taciernxdac irf`r'
Avs fasnf|ngvne`s nr`:
Av as fallacpkv vi pxfnv` ngf ags`rvaig il n g`u r`cirf onq r`~par` oi|age knre` xrixirvaig il vd` lak`'
b'
Rngfio ncc`ss as `tvr`o`kq skiu'
Far`cv Nc Ncc`ss
Ag far`cv ncc`ss lak` irengaznvaig+ ngq r`cirfs cng b` ncc`ss`f arr`sx`cva|` il vd` cprr`gv xisavaig ag vd` lak`' Far`cv ncc`ss lak`s nr` cr`nv`f ig far`cv ncc`ss svirne` f`|ac`s' Ud`g`|`r n r`cirf as vi b` ags`rv`f+ avs m`q |nkp` as onxx`f agvi ng nffr`ss psage n dnsdage lpgcvaig' Ig vdnv nffr`ss r`cirf as svir`f' Vd` nf|ngvne` il far`cv ncc`ss lak` irengaznvaig as r`nkaz`f ud`g vd` r`cirfs nr` vi b` ncc`ss`f rngfiokq $giv s`~p`gvankkq!' Ivd`ruas` vdas irengaznvaig dns n gpob`r il kaoavnvaigs spcd ns $n! xiir pvakaznvaig il vd` A)I o`fapo ngf $b! Vao` cigspoxvaig fprage r`cirf nffr`ss cnkcpknvaig' c' Agf`t Agf`t s`~p`gva s`~p`gvank nk ncc`ss ncc`ss o`vdif o`vdif Vd` agf`t lak` irengaznvaig as `ss`gvankkq n cioxrioas` b`vu``g vd` s`~p`gvank ngf far`cv lak` irengaznvaig' Agf`t s`~p`gvank lak` irengaznvaig ps`s agf`tage vi kicnv` vd` f`sar`f r`cirfs' Ag vdas vd` r`cirfs nr` svir`f ag n sirv`f irf`r' Vd` xragcaxk` il ng agf`t lak` irengaznvaig as vi r`cirf ngf ncc`ss sonkk eripxs il r`cirfs ag ng `ss`gvank s`~p`gvank ongg`r ngf vi xri|af` n da`rnrcdacnk agf`t vi f`v`roag` udacd eripx cigvnags n xnrvacpknr r`cirf' Vdps agsv`nf il s`nrcdage vd` udik` lak` s`~p`gvankkq+ vd` s`nrcdage as r`fpc`f vi n sonkk eripx il r`cirfs' Ag vdas+ n vnbk` as onagvnag`f ag udacd vrncm gpob`r agf`t`s' Vd` vrncm agf`t agfacnv`s vd` sonkk`sv ngf knre`sv svpf`gv gpob`r+ ns sdiug ag lae'
Vrncm Svnrv Gpob`r
@gf
#> #2 #3 //// //// #<
>6 38 62 //// //// ////
> >5 33 //// //// ////
Vrncm
#> #2 #3 //// //// #<
>
0
5
>2
>6
>5
2>
2<
21
38
33
30
34
68
62
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
////
<'3 Far`cvirq Far`cvirq Svrpcv Svrpcvpr` pr` Vd` lak` sqsv`os il cioxpv`rs cng b` `tv`gsa|`' Sio` sqsv`os svir` vdipsngfs il lak`s ig dpgfr`fs il eaenbqv`s il fasm' Vi ongne` nkk vd`s` fnvn+ u` g``f vi irengaz` vd`o' Vdas irengaznvaig as pspnkkq fig` ag vui xnrvs= larsv+ vd` lak` sqsv`o as brim`g agvi ag vd` |ikpo`s ag vd` XC' Ag vdas unq+ vd` ps`r g``fs vi b` cigc`rg`f uavd igkq vd` kieacnk far`cvirq ngf lak` svrpcvpr`+ ngf cng aegir` cioxk`v`kq vd` xribk`os il xdqsacnkkq nkkicnvage sxnc` lir lak`s' Lir vdas r`nsig xnrvavaigs cng b` vdipedv il ns |arvpnk fasms' S`cigf+ `ncd xnrvavaig cigvnags aglironvaig nbipv lak`s uavdag av' Vdas aglironvaig as m`xv ag n f`|ac` far`cvirq ir |ikpo` vnbk` il cigv`gvs' Vd` f`|ac` far`cvirq $oir` ciooigkq mgiug saoxkq ns n ‛far`cvirq‟! r`cirfs aglironvaig spcd ns gno`+ kicnvaig+ saz` ngf vqx` lir nkk lak`s ig vdnv xnrvavaig' Vd` likkiuage nr` vd` fall`r`gv vqx`s il Far`cvirq Svrpcvpr`' Sagek`/K`|`k Far`cvirq: Vd` saoxk`sv far`cvirq svrpcvpr` as vd` sagek`/k`|`k vr``' N sagek` k`|`k vr`` sqsv`o dns igkq ig` far`cvirq' Nkk lak`s nr` cigvnag`f ag vd` sno` far`cvirq+ udacd as `nsq vi spxxirv ngf pgf`rsvngf' Gno`s ag vdnv far`cvirq r`l`r vi lak`s ir ivd`r gig/ far`cvirq ibj`cvs' Spcd n sqsv`o as xrncvacnk igkq ig sqsv`os uavd |`rq kaoav`f gpob`rs il lak`s' N sagek`/k`|`k far`cvirq dns saegalacngv kaoavnvaigs+ ud`g vd` gpob`r il lak`s agcr`ns`s ir ud`g vd`r` as oir` vdng ig` ps`r' Sagc` nkk lak`s nr` svir`f ag vd` sno` far`cvirq+ vd` gno` ea|`g vi `ncd lak` sdipkf b` pga~p`' Al vd`r` nr` vui ps`rs ngf vd`q ea|` vd` sno` gno` vi vd`r` lak`+ vd`g vd`r` as n xribk`o'
nb
t
v`sv
qq
rno
Z2
x~
Laepr` – Sagek` Sagek` K`|`k Far`cvirq Far`cvirq @|`g uavd n sagek` ps`r+ ns vd` gpob`r il lak`s agcr`ns`+ av b`cio`s fallacpkv vi r`o`ob`r vd` gno`s il nkk vd` lak`s+ si ns vi cr`nv` igkq lak`s uavd pga~p` gno`s' Av as giv pgciooig lir n ps`r vi dn|` dpgfr`fs il lak`s ig ig` cioxpv`r sqsv`o ngf ng `~pnk gpob`r il nffavaignk lak`s ig ngivd`r sqsv`o' Ag spcd ng `g|arigo`gv+ m``xage vrncm il si ongq lak`s as n fnpgvage vnsm' Vui/K`|`k Far`cvirq: Vd` fasnf|ngvne` il n sagek`/k`|`k far`cvirq as ciglpsaig il lak` gno`s' Vd` svngfnrf sikpvaig as vi cr`nv` n s`xnrnv` far`cvirq lir `ncd ps`r' Ag n vui k`|`k sqsv`o+ igkq vd` riiv k`|`k far`cvirq onq cigvnag gno`s il far`cvira`s ngf nkk ivd`r far`cvira`s far`cvira`s r`l`r r`l`r igkq vi gig/ far`cvirq far`cvirq ibj`cvs' ibj`cvs' Ag vd` vui/k`|`k vui/k`|`k far`cvirq far`cvirq svrpcvpr`+ svrpcvpr`+ `ncd ps`r dns das)d`r iug ps`r lak` far`cvirq $PLF!' @n cd PLF dns n saoaknr svrpcvpr`+ bpv kasvs igkq vd` lak`s il n sagek` ps`r' Ud`g n ps`r svnrvs ir n ps`r kies ag+ vd` sqsv`o‑s onsv`r lak` far`cvirq as s`nrcd`f' Vd` onsv`r lak` far`cvirq as agf`t`f bq ps`r gno` ir nccipgv' njnq
Onsv`r lak` far`cvirq
er``g bkp`
q`kkiu
oidno rnj
xagm
trnj
qrnj
Ps`r far`cvirq Vui/k`|`k Far`cvirq
Vr``/Svrpcvpr` Far`cvira`s : N vr`` sqsv`o nkkius eriuvd il vd` vr`` b`qigf vd` s`cigf k`|`k' Ngq far`cvirq onq cigvnag gno`s il nffavaignk far`cvira`s ns u`kk ns gig/ far`cvira`s ibj`cvs' Vdas e`g`rnkaznvaig nkkius ps`rs vi cr`nv` vd`ar iug spb/ far`cvira`s ngf vi irengaz` vd`ar lak`s nccirfagekq' Vd` OS/FIS sqsv`o+ lir agsvngc`+ as svrpcvpr` ns
n vr``' Ag lncv+ n vr`` as vd` oisv ciooig far`cvirq svrpcvpr`' Vd` vr`` dns n riiv far`cvirq' @|`rq lak` ag vd` sqsv`o dns n pga~p` xnvd gno`' N xnvd gno` as vd` xnvd lrio lrio vd` riiv+ vdriped nkk vd` spbfar`cvira`s+ vi n sx`cala`f' n
N>
N2>
B
N2
N22
B>
'
C
C>
B2
C2
C3
N23
Ncqckac/Ernxd Far`cvira`s: Sdnrage il lak` as ngivd`r aoxirvngv assp` ag f`cafage vd` far`cvirq svrpcvpr`' Al oir` vdng ig` ps`r nr` uirmage ig sio` ciooig xrij`cv' Si vd` lak`s nssicanv`f uavd vdnv xrij`cv sdipkf b` xknc`f ag n ciooig far`cvirq vdnv cng b` sdnr`f noige n gpob`r il ps`rs'
N
N>
N2
N3
B B>
N6
B2>
B22
B2
B23
Ncqckac/Ernxd Far`cvira`s
B3
Vd` aoxirvngv cdnrncv`rasvac il sdnrage as vdnv al n ps`r as onmage n cdnge` ag n sdnr`f lak` vdnv as vi b` r`lk`cv`f vi ivd`r ps`r nksi' Ag vdas unq n sdnr`f lak` as giv vd` sno` ns vui cixa`s il vd` lak`' Uavd vui cixa`s `ncd xriernoo`r cng |a`u vd` cixq rnvd`r vdng vd` iraeagnk+ bpv al ig` xriernoo`r cdnge`s vd` lak`+ vd` cdnge`s uakk giv nxx`nr ag vd` ivd`r‑s cixq' Uavd n sdnr`f lak`+ vd`r` as igkq ig` ncvpnk lak`+ si ngq cdnge`s onf` bq vd` x`rsig uipkf b` aoo`fanv`kq |asabk` vi vd` ivd`r'
<'6 Xriv`cvaig U` dn|` nkr`nfq svpfa`f vdnv n lak` as n cikk`cvaig il r`knv`f aglironvaig' Vd`r`lir` av g``fs xriv`cvaig lrio bivd xdqsacnk fnone` $r`kanbakavq! ngf aoxrix`r ncc`ss $xriv`cvaig!' Lak` sqsv`o cng b` fnone`f fp` vi dnrfunr` xribk`os+ spcd ns xiu`r lnakpr`+ d`nf crnsd`s+ farv+ |`rq daed v`ox`rnvpr`+ ngf si ig' Diu`|`r lak`s cng b` f`k`v`kq mgiuagekq ir pgmgiuagekq' Vd` igkq unq vi ncda`|` r`kanbakavq as vi onm` fpxkacnv` cix`s il vd` fasm lak`s ig ngq ivd`r svirne` f`|ac` nv r`epknr agv`r|nks+ snq ig n vnx` fra|`' Xriv`cvaig cng b` ncda`|`f bq avs kaoav`f ps`' Al qip ungv cioxk`v` xriv`cvaig vd`g vd` sqsv`o sdipkf giv x`roav far`cv ncc`ss vi vd` lak`s il ivd`r ps`rs' Ncvpnkkq n vqxacnk xriv`cvaig o`cdngaso xri|af`s cigvrikk`f ncc`ss bq kaoavage vd` vqx`s il lak` ncc`ss vdnv cng b` onf`' Vd`r` nr` si ongq fall`r`gv xriv`cvaig o`cdngasos' Lir agsvngc` al u` ps` n xriv`cvaig o`cdngaso ig n d`n|akq ps`f sqsv`o vd`g av as giv g`c`ssnrq vi ps` saoaknr vqx` il n xriv`cvaig o`cdngaso ig n sqsv`o vdnv as giv d`n|akq ps`f' Vd`r`lir` xriv`cvaig o`cdngaso |nra`s lrio sqsv`o vi sqsv`o' Vd` |`rq saoxk` xriv`cvaig o`cdngaso as vi nssicanv` ng ncc`ss kasv as nssicanv`f uavd `ncd lak` ngf far`cvirq' Ud`g n xric`ss r`~p`sv lir n lak` ncc`ss+ vd` ix`rnvage sqsv`o cd`cms vd` ncc`ss kasvs nssicanv`f uavd vdnv lak`' Al av as ag vd` ncc`ss kasv vd`g vd` r`~p`sv as erngv`f= ivd`ruas` av lknes ng `rrir o`ssne`+ spcd ns xriv`cvaig |aiknvaig `rrir' Vd` onag xribk`o uavd vdas scd`o` as vdnv av as aoxissabk` vi mgiu ag nf|ngc` udacd ps`r as eiage vi ps` udacd lak`' Nffavaignkkq av agcr`ns`s vd` far`cvirq saz`' Vd` xribk`o as i|`rcio` bq fa|afage fa|afage vd` ps`rs agvi vdr`` vdr`` cnv`eira`s/ cnv`eira`s/ iug`r+ eripx ngf ivd`rs' ivd`rs'
<'0 Lak` Sqsv`o Svrpcvpr` ngf Nkkicnvaig O`vdifs
Ng ix`rnvage sqsv`os lak` sqsv`o svrpcvpr` as avs oisv bnsac k`|`k il irengaznvaig' Nkoisv nkk il vd` unqs ng ix`rnvage sqsv`o agv`rncvs uavd avs ps`rs+ nxxkacnvaigs+ ngf s`cpravq oif`k nr` f`x`gf`gv pxig vd` unq av svir`s avs lak`s ig n svirne` f`|ac`' Av as crpcank lir n |nra`vq il r`nsigs vdnv ps`rs+ ns u`kk ns xriernos+ b` nbk` vi r`l`r vi n ciooig epaf`kag` vi mgiu ud`r` vi r`nf ngf urav` lak`s' N lak` sqsv`o cng b` s``g ag v`ros il vui fall`r`gv kieacnk cnv`eira`s il lak`s:
5'> Dasvirq PGAT as vd` oisv xixpknr xixpknr ix`rnvage ix`rnvage sqsv`o ig opkva opkva ps`r sqsv`o' sqsv`o' Av uns f`|`kix`f f`|`kix`f nv NV , V Knbirnvira`s ag >1<1 bq M`g Vdioxsig ngf F`ggas Ravcda`' Braig M`rgaedng gno`f av PGACS $Pgaxk`t`f Aglironvaig ngf Cioxpvage sqsv`o!'Ag >158+ av as cdnge`f lrio PGACS vi PGAT' PGAT' Iraeagnkkq Iraeagnkkq uravv`g uravv`g ag nss`obk`r+ nss`obk`r+ PGAT PGAT uns r`uravv`g r`uravv`g ag >153 ag C'
M`rg`k as vd` d`nrv il vd` PGAT sqsv`o' Av as vd` PGAT ix`rnvage Sqsv`o' Av as n cikk`cvaig il xriernos uravv`g ag C vdnv far`cvkq cioopgacnv` uavd dnrfunr`' Av as vd` o`oirq r`saf`gv xirvaig il vd` sqsv`o bpv giv far`cvkq agv`rncv uavd ps`r' Vd`r` as igkq ig` M`rg`k lir ngq sqsv`o'
Vd` xric`ss as unavage lir sio` `|`gv vi iccpr$spcd ns A)I cioxk`vaig ir r`c`xvaig il n saegnk!' Vd` R`nfq svnv`
Vd` xric`ss dns nc~par`s vd` r`~par`f r`siprc`s ngf as unavage vi b` nssaeg`f vi n xric`ssir ngq xric`ss vdnv as r`nfq vi b` `t`cpv`f Vd` V`roagnv` svnv`
Vd` xric`ss dns lagasd`f `t`cpvaig'
5'< O`oirq Ongne`o`gv O`oirq O`oirq ongne`o`gv ongne`o`gv f`caf`s udacd xric`ss xric`ss sdipkf sdipkf r`saf` r`saf` ag onag o`oirq ngf ngf ongne` vd` xnrvs il vd` |arvpnk nffr`ss il n xric`ss udacd nr` r`safage ig s`cigfnrq svirne` f`|ac`s' Av oigavirs vd` noipgv il xdqsacnk o`oirq ngf s`cigfnrq svirne` f`|ac`s' Sunxxage Vd` `nrkq f`|`kixo`gv il PGAT sqsv`os vrngsl`rr`f `gvar` xric`ss b`vu``g xraonrq o`oirq ngf s`cigfnrq svirne` f`|ac` bpv faf giv vrngsl`r xnrvs il n xric`ss agf`x`gf`gvkq+ `tc`xv lir sdnr`f v`tv' Spcd n o`oirq ongne`o`gv xikacq as cnkk`f sunxxage' F`ongf Xneage B`rm`k`q B`rm`k`q agvrifpc`s agvrifpc`s f`ongf f`ongf xneage vi PGAT uavd uavd BSF $B`rm`k`q $B`rm`k`q sqsv`o! sqsv`o! udacd vrngsl`rr`f o`oirq xne`s agsv`nf il xric`ss`s vi ngf lrio n s`cigfnrq f`|ac`' Ud`g n xric`ss g``f n xne` ngf vd` xne` as giv vd`r`+ n xne` lnpkv vi vd` m`rg`k iccprs+ n lrno` il onag o`oirq as nkkicnv`f ngf vd`g vd` xric`ss as kinf`f agvi vd` lrno` bq vd` m`rg`k'
5'5 Lak` ongne`o`gv PGAT ps`s n da`rnrcdacnk lak` svrpcvpr` vi svir` aglironvaig' Vdas svrpcvpr` dns vd` ontaopo lk`tabakavq ag eripxage aglironvaig 'Av nkkius lir `nsq onagv`gngc` ngf `llaca`gv aoxk`o`gvnvaig' Vd` Far`cvirq Svrpcvpr` Vd` PGAT Lak` Svrpcvpr` as da`rnrcdnk' Vdnv as+ far`cvira`s nr` kagm`f ag vd` liro il n lnoakq vr``= lak`s nr` svir`f pgf`r sx`calac far`cvira`s' Vd` bnsac svrpcvpr` il n PGAT sqsv`o as:
riiv Vd` xraonrq far`cvirq il vd` sqsv`o' Av as nksi vd` spx`r/ps`rs Dio` far`cvirq'
Lae'4'>'2 Fasm svrpcvpr`s: $N! Vrncm $B! E`io`vracnk s`cvir $C! Vrncm s`cvir $F! Ckpsv`r Ag vd` cigv`tv cigv`tv il cioxpv`r cioxpv`r fasm svirne`+ svirne`+ n s`cvir s`cvir as n spbfa|asaig spbfa|asaig il n vrncm $Laepr` $Laepr` 4'>'2+ av`o N!ig n oneg`vac fasm ir ixvacnk fasc' @ncd s`cvir svir`s n lat`f noipgv il fnvn' Vd` vqxacnk lironvvage il vd`s` o`fan xri|af`s sxnc` lir 0>2 bqv`s $lir oneg`vac fasms! ir 2864 bqv`s $lir ixvacnk fascs! il ps`r/ncc`ssabk` fnvn x`r s`cvir' Onvd`onvacnk Onvd`onvacnkkq+ kq+ vd` uirf uirf s`cvir s`cvir o`ngs n xirvai xirvaig g il n fasm b`vu``g n c`gv`r+ c`gv`r+ vui rnfaa rnfaa ngf n cirr`sxigfage nrc $s`` Laepr` 4'>'2+ av`o av`o B!+ sdnx`f kam` n skac` il n xa`' Vdps+ vd` ciooig fasm s`cvir $Laepr` 4'>'2+ av`o C! ncvpnkkq r`l`rs vi vd` agv`rs`cvaig il n vrncm ngf onvd`onvacnk s`cvir' @nrkq ig ag |nraips cioxpvage la`kfs+ vd` v`ro bkicm uns ps`f lir vdas sonkk cdpgm il fnvn+ bpv s`cvir nxx`nrs vi dn|` b`cio` oir` xr`|nk`gv' Ig` ~pav` xribnbk` r`nsig lir vdas as vd` lncv bkicm dns ilv`g b``g nxxka`f vi fnvn cdpgms il |nrqage saz`s lir ongq vqx`s il fnvn svr`nos+ rnvd`r vdng b`age kaoav`f vi vd` sonkk`sv ncc`ssabk` noipgv il fnvn ig n o`fapo' 4'>'3 Ckpsv`rs ,@tv`gvs Ckpsv`rs
N cioxpv`r ckpsv`r as n eripx il kagm`f cioxpv`rs+ uirmage vie`vd`r ckis`kq si vdnv ag ongq r`sx`cvs vd`q liro n sagek` cioxpv`r' Vd` cioxig`gvs il n ckpsv`r nr` ciooigkq+ bpv giv nkunqs+ cigg`cv`f vi `ncd ivd`r vdriped lnsv kicnk nr`n g`vuirms' Ckpsv`rs nr` pspnkkq f`xkiq`f vi aoxri|` x`rlirongc` ngf)ir n|naknbakavq i|`r vdnv il n sagek` cioxpv`r+ udak` vqxacnkkq b`age opcd oir` cisv/`ll`cva|` vdng sagek` cioxpv`rs il cioxnrnbk` sx``f ir n|naknbakavq' Vqx`s il ckpsv`rs >' Daed –n|naknbakavq Ckpsv`rs 2' Kinf bnkngcage Ckpsv`rs ckpsv`rs av as nksi mgiug ns Lnaki|`r >' Daed/n|naknbakavq $DN! ckpsv`rs/ Daed/n|naknbakavq ckpsv`rs Ckpsv`rs+ vd`s` nr` aoxk`o`gv`f xraonrakq lir vd` xprxis` il aoxri|age vd` n|naknbakavq il
s`r|ac`s vdnv vd` ckpsv`r xri|af`s' Vd`q ix`rnv` bq dn|age r`fpgfngv gif`s+ udacd nr` vd`g ps`f vi xri|af` s`r|ac` ud`g sqsv`o cioxig`gvs lnak' Vd` oisv ciooig saz` lir ng DN ckpsv`r as vui gif`s+ udacd as vd` oagaopo r`~par`o`gv vi xri|af` r`fpgfngcq' DN ckpsv`r aoxk`o`gvnvaigs nvv`oxv vi ps` r`fpgfngcq il ckpsv`r cioxig`gvs vi `kaoagnv` sagek` xiagvs il lnakpr`' Vd`r` nr` cioo`rcank aoxk`o`gvnvaigs il Daed/N|naknbakavq ckpsv`rs lir ongq ix`rnvage sqsv`os' Kinf/bnkngcage ge as ud`g opkvaxk` opkvaxk` cioxpv`rs cioxpv`rs nr` kagm`f kagm`f 2 Kinf/bnkngcage ckpsv`rs/ Kinf/bnkngca vie`vd`r vi sdnr` cioxpvnvaignk uirmkinf ir lpgcvaig ns n sagek` |arvpnk cioxpv`r' Kieacnkkq+ lrio vd` ps`r saf`+ vd`q nr` opkvaxk` oncdag`s+ bpv lpgcvaig ns n sagek` |arvpnk oncdag`' R`~p`svs agavanv`f lrio vd` ps`r nr` ongne`f bq+ ngf fasvrabpv`f noige+ nkk vd` svngfnkig` cioxpv`rs vi liro n ckpsv`r' Vdas r`spkvs ag bnkngc`f cioxpvnvaignk uirm noige fall`r`gv oncdag`s+ aoxri|age vd` x`rlirongc` il vd` ckpsv`r sqsv`o' Cioxpv` ckpsv`rs Ilv`g ckpsv`rs nr` ps`f xraonrakq lir cioxpvnvaignk xprxis`s+ rnvd`r vdng dngfkage AI/ ira`gv`f ix`rnvaigs spcd ns u`b s`r|ac` ir fnvnbns`s' Lir agsvngc`+ n ckpsv`r oaedv spxxirv cioxpvnvaignk saopknvaigs il u`nvd`r ir |`dack` crnsd`s' Vd` xraonrq fasvagcvaig uavdag cioxpv` ckpsv`rs as diu vaedvkq/cipxk`f vd` agfa|afpnk gif`s nr`' Lir agsvngc`+ n sagek` cioxpv` jib onq r`~par` r`~par` lr`~p`gv cioopgacnvaig noige gif`s / vdas aoxka`s vdnv vd` ckpsv`r sdnr`s n f`facnv`f g`vuirm+ as f`gs`kq kicnv`f+ ngf xribnbkq dns dioie`gips gif`s' Vdas ckpsv`r f`saeg as pspnkkq r`l`rr`f vi ns B`iupkl Ckpsv`r' Vd` ivd`r `tvr`o` as ud`r` n cioxpv` jib ps`s ig` ir l`u gif`s+ ngf g``fs kavvk` ir gi agv`r/gif` cioopgacnvaig' Vdas knvv`r cnv`eirq as sio`vao`s cnkk`f "Eraf" cioxpvage' Vaedvkq/ cipxk`f cioxpv` ckpsv`rs nr` f`saeg`f lir uirm vdnv oaedv vrnfavaignkkq dn|` b``g cnkk`f "spx`rcioxpva "spx`rcioxpvage"' ge"' Oaffk`unr Oaffk`unr`` spcd ns OXA $O`ssne` $O`ssne` Xnssage Xnssage Agv`rlnc`! Agv`rlnc`! ir X\O $Xnrnkk`k \arvpnk Oncdag`! x`roavs cioxpv` ckpsv`rage xriernos vi b` xirvnbk` vi n uaf` |nra`vq il ckpsv`rs' @tv`gvs I|`r|a`u Ng `tv`gv as n kieacnk pgav il fnvnbns` svirne` sxnc` nkkicnvaig onf` px il n gpob`r il cigvaepips fnvn bkicms' Ig` ir oir` `tv`gvs ag vprg onm` px n s`eo`gv' Ud`g vd` `tasvage sxnc` ag n s`eo`gv as cioxk`v`kq ps`f+ Irnck` nkkicnv`s n g`u `tv`gv lir vd` s`eo`gv'
@tv`gvs Nkkicnvaig Ud`g qip cr`nv` n vnbk`+ Irnck` nkkicnv`s vi vd` vnbk`s fnvn s`eo`gv ng agavank `tv`gv il n sx`cala`f gpob`r il fnvn bkicms' Nkvdiped gi rius dn|` b``g ags`rv`f q`v+ vd` vd` Irnck` fnvn bkicms vdnv cirr`sxigf vi vd` agavank `tv`gv nr` r`s`r|`f lir vdnv vnbk`s rius' Al vd` fnvn bkicms il n s`eo`gvs agavank `tv`gv b`cio` lpkk ngf oir` sxnc` as r`~par`f vi dikf g`u fnvn+ Irnck` npvionvacnkkq nkkicnv`s ng agcr`o`gvnk agcr`o`gvnk `tv`gv lir vdnv s`eo`gv' Ng agcr`o`gvnk `tv`gv as n spbs`~p`gv `tv`gv il vd` sno` ir er`nv`r saz` vdng vd` xr`|aipskq nkkicnv`f `tv`gv ag vdnv s`eo`gv' Lir onagv`gngc` xprxis`s+ vd` d`nf`r bkicm il `ncd s`eo`gv cigvnags n far`cvirq il vd` `tv`gvs ag vdnv s`eo`gv' @tv`gvs F`/nkkicnvaig Ag e`g`rnk+ vd` `tv`gvs il n s`eo`gv fi giv r`vprg vi vd` vnbk` sxnc` pgvak qip frix vd` scd`on ibj`cv udis` udis` fnvn fnvn as svir`f svir`f ag vd` s`eo`gv s`eo`gv $psage $psage n FRIX VNBK@ ir FRIX FRIX CKPSV@R svnv`o`gv!' @tc`xvaigs vi vdas agckpf` vd` likkiuage: likkiuage: Vd` iug`r il il n vnbk` ir ckpsv`r+ ckpsv`r+ ir n ps`r ps`r uavd vd` F@K@V@ F@K@V@ NGQ xra|ak`e`+ xra|ak`e`+ cng vrpgcnv` vrpgcnv` vd` vnbk` ir ckpsv`r ckpsv`r uavd uavd n VRPGCNV@'''F VRPGCNV@'''FRIX RIX SVIRNE@ SVIRNE@ svnv`o`gv' svnv`o`gv' N fnvnbns` nfoagasvrnvir $FBN! cng f`nkkicnv` pgps`f `tv`gvs psage vd` likkiuage S^K sqgvnt: NKV@R VNBK@ vnbk`Ygno` F@NKKICNV@ PGPS@F= X`raifacnkkq+ Irnck` f`nkkicnv`s ig` ir oir` `tv`gvs il n rikkbncm s`eo`gv al av dns vd` IXVAONK IXVAONK saz` sx`cala`f' sx`cala`f' Ud`g `tv`gvs nr` nr` lr``f+ Irnck` Irnck` oifala`s oifala`s vd` bavonx ag vd` fnvnlak` $lir kicnkkq ongne`f vnbk`sxnc`s! ir pxfnv`s vd` fnvn facvaignrq $lir facvaignrq ongne`f vnbk`sxnc`s! vi r`lk`cv vd` r`enag`f `tv`gvs ns n|naknbk` sxnc`' Ngq fnvn ag vd` bkicms il lr``f `tv`gvs b`cio`s agncc`ssabk`' @tv`gvs ag Gigckpsv`r`f Vnbk`s Ns kige ns n gigckpsv`r`f vnbk` `tasvs ir pgvak qip vrpgcnv` vd` vnbk`+ ngq fnvn bkicm nkkicnv`f vi avs fnvn s`eo`gv r`onags nkkicnv`f lir vd` vnbk`' Irnck` ags`rvs g`u rius agvi n bkicm al vd`r` as `giped riio' @|`g al qip f`k`v` nkk rius il n vnbk`+ Irnck` fi`s giv r`cknao vd` fnvn bkicms lir ps` bq ivd`r ibj`cvs ag vd` vd` vnbk` sxnc`' Nlv`r qip frix n gigckpsv`r`f vnbk`+ vdas sxnc` cng b` r`cknao`f ud`g ivd`r `tv`gvs r`~par` lr`` sxnc`' Irnck` r`cknaos nkk vd` `tv`gvs il vd` vnbk`s fnvn ngf agf`t s`eo`gvs
lir vd` vnbk` sxnc`s vdnv vd`q u`r` ag ngf onm`s vd` `tv`gvs n|naknbk` lir lir ivd`r scd`on ibj`cvs ibj`cvs ag vd` sno` sno` vnbk` sxnc`' Ag facvaignrq ongne`f ongne`f vnbk`s xnc`s+ ud`g n s`eo`gv r`~par`s ng `tv`gv knre`r vdng vd` n|naknbk` `tv`gvs+ Irnck` af`gvala`s ngf ciobag`s cigvaepips r`cknao`f `tv`gvs vi liro n knre`r ig`' ig`' Vdas as cnkk`f cink`scage cink`scage `tv`gvs' `tv`gvs' Cink`scage Cink`scage `tv`gvs as giv g`c`ssnrq g`c`ssnrq ag kicnkkq ongne`f vnbk`sxnc`s+ b`cnps` nkk cigvaepips lr`` sxnc` as n|naknbk` lir nkkicnvaig vi n g`u `tv`gv r`enrfk`ss il ud`vd`r av uns r`cknao`f lrio ig` ir oir` `tv`gvs' `t v`gvs' @tv`gvs ag Ckpsv`r`f Vnbk`s Ckpsv`r`f vnbk`s svir` aglironvaig ag vd` fnvn s`eo`gv cr`nv`f lir vd` ckpsv`r' Vd`r`lir`+ al qip frix ig` vnbk` ag n ckpsv`r+ vd` fnvn s`eo`gv r`onags lir vd` ivd`r vnbk`s ag vd` ckpsv`r+ ngf gi `tv`gvs nr` f`nkkicnv`f' Qip cng nksi vrpgcnv` ckpsv`rs $`tc`xv lir dnsd ckpsv`rs! vi lr`` `tv`gvs' @tv`gvs ag Onv`rankaz`f \a`us ngf Vd`ar Kies Irnck` f`nkkicnv`s vd` `tv`gvs il onv`rankaz`f |a`us ngf onv`rankaz`f |a`u kies ag vd` sno` ongg`r ns lir vnbk`s ngf ckpsv`rs' @tv`gvs ag Agf`t`s Nkk `tv`gvs nkkicnv`f vi ng agf`t s`eo`gv r`onag nkkicnv`f ns kige ns vd` agf`t `tasvs' Ud`g qip frix vd` agf`t ir nssicanv`f vnbk` ir ckpsv`r+ Irnck` r`cknaos vd` `tv`gvs lir ivd`r ps`s ps`s uavdag uavdag vd` vnbk` sxnc`' @tv`gvs ag V`oxirnrq S`eo`gvs Ud`g Irnck` cioxk`v`s vd` `t`cpvaig il n svnv`o`gv r`~parage n v`oxirnrq s`eo`gv+ Irnck` npvionvacnkkq frixs vd` v`oxirnrq s`eo`gv ngf r`vprgs vd` `tv`gvs nkkicnv`f lir vdnv s`eo`gv vi vi vd` nssicanv`f vnbk` sxnc`' N sagek` sirv nkkicnv`s avs iug v`oxirnrq s`eo`gv ag vd` v`oxirnrq v`oxirnrq vnbk` sxnc` il vd` ps`r asspage asspage vd` svnv`o`gv ngf vd`g r`vprgs vd` `tv`gvs `tv`gvs vi vd` vd` vnbk` sxnc`' Opkvaxk` sirvs+ diu`|`r+ cng ps` sirv s`eo`gvs ag n v`oxirnrq vnbk` sxnc` f`saegnv`f `tckpsa|`kq lir sirvs' Vd`s` sirv s`eo`gvs nr` nkkicnv`f igkq igc` lir vd` agsvngc`+ agsvngc`+ ngf vd`q nr` giv r`vprg`f nlv`r vd` sirv+ bpv bp v r`onag n|naknbk` lir ivd`r opkvaxk` sirvs' N v`oxirnrq s`eo`gv ag n v`oxirnrq vnbk` cigvnags fnvn lir opkvaxk` svnv`o`gvs il n sagek` vrngsncvaig ir s`ssaig' Irnck` frixs vd` v`oxirnrq s`eo`gv nv vd` `gf il vd`
vrngsncvaig ir s`ssaig+ r`vprgage vd` `tv`gvs nkkicnv`f lir vdnv s`eo`gv vi vd` nssicanv`f vnbk` sxnc`' @tv`gvs ag Rikkbncm S`eo`gvs Irnck` x`raifacnkkq cd`cms vd` rikkbncm s`eo`gvs il vd` fnvnbns` vi s`` al vd`q dn|` eriug knre`r vdng vd`ar ixvaonk saz`' Al n rikkbncm s`eo`gv as knre`r vdng as ixvaonk $vdnv as+ av dns vii ongq `tv`gvs!+ vd`g Irnck` npvionvacnkkq f`nkkicnv`s ig` ir oir` `tv`gvs lrio vd` rikkbncm s`eo`gv' 4'>'6 Lrneo`gvnvaig
Ag cioxpv`r svirne`+ lrneo`gvnvaig as n xd`gio`gig ag udacd svirne` sxnc` as ps`f ag`llaca`gvkq+ r`fpcage svirne` cnxncavq ngf ag oisv cns`s x`rlirongc`' Vd` v`ro as nksi ps`f vi f`giv` vd` unsv`f sxnc` avs`kl' Vd`r` nr` vdr`` fall`r`gv bpv r`knv`f liros il lrneo`gvnvaig:
Agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig'
@tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig'
Fnvn lrneo`gvnvaig'
\nraips svirne` nkkicnvaig scd`o`s `tdabav ig` ir oir` il vd`s` u`nmg`ss`s' Lrneo`gvnvaig cng b` ncc`xv`f ag r`vprg lir agcr`ns` ag sx``f ir saoxkacavq' $>!
Agv`rgnk Lrneo`gvnvaig
Agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig iccprs ud`g svirne` as nkkicnv`f uavdipv `|`r agv`gfage vi ps` av' Vdas sxnc` as unsv`f' Udak` vdas s``os liikasd+ av as ilv`g ncc`xv`f ag r`vprg lir agcr`ns`f `llaca`gcq ir saoxkacavq' Vd` v`ro "agv`rgnk" r`l`rs vi vd` lncv vdnv vd` pgpsnbk` svirne` as agsaf` vd` nkkicnv`f r`eaig bpv as giv b`age ps`f' Lir `tnoxk`+ ag ongq lak` sqsv`os+ `ncd lak` nkunqs svnrvs nv vd` b`eaggage il n ckpsv`r+ b`cnps` vdas saoxkala`s irengaznvaig ngf onm`s av `nsa`r vi eriu lak`s' Ngq sxnc` k`lv i|`r b`vu``g vd` knsv bqv` il vd` lak` ngf vd` larsv bqv` il vd` g`tv ckpsv`r as n liro il agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig cnkk`f lak` skncm ir skncm sxnc`' Saoaknrkq+ n xrierno udacd nkkicnv`s n sagek` bqv` il fnvn as ilv`g nkkicnv`f ongq nffavaignk bqv`s lir o`vnfnvn ngf nkaego`gv' Vdas `tvrn sxnc` as nksi agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig'
Ngivd`r Ngivd`r ciooig `tnoxk`: `tnoxk`: @gekasd @gekasd v`tv as ilv`g ilv`g svir`f uavd uavd ig` cdnrncv`r cdnrncv`r ag `ncd 4/bav 4/bav bqv` `|`g vdiped vdiped ag svngfnrf svngfnrf NSCAA NSCAA `gcifage `gcifage vd` oisv saegal saegalacngv acngv bav bav il `ncd bqv` as nkunqs z`ri' Vd` pgps`f bavs nr` n liro il agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' Saoaknr xribk`os uavd k`n|age r`s`r|`f r`siprc`s pgps`f nxx`nr ag ongq ivd`r nr`ns' Lir `tnoxk`+ AX nffr`ss`s cng igkq b` r`s`r|`f ag bkicms il c`rvnag c`rvnag saz`s+ r`spkvage ag ongq AXs vdnv nr` r`s`r|`f bpv giv ncva|`kq ps`f' Vdas as cigvrabpvage vi vd` AX|6 nffr`ss sdirvne`' Pgkam` ivd`r vqx`s il lrneo`gvnvaig+ agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig as fallacpkv vi r`cknao= pspnkkq vd` b`sv unq vi r`oi|` av as uavd n f`saeg cdnge`' Lir `tnoxk`+ ag fqgnoac o`oirq nkkicnvaig+ o`oirq xiiks frnsvacnkkq cpv agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig bq sxr`nfage vd` sxnc` i|`rd`nf i|`r n knre`r gpob`r il ibj`cvs' $2!@tv`rgnk Lrneo`gvnvaig @tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig as vd` xd`gio`gig ag udacd lr`` svirne` b`cio`s fa|af`f agvi ongq sonkk xa`c`s i|`r vao`' Av as n u`nmg`ss il c`rvnag svirne` nkkicnvaig nkeiravdos+ iccprrage ud`g ng nxxkacnvaig nkkicnv`s ngf f`nkkicnv`s $"lr``s"! r`eaigs il svirne` il |nrqage saz`s+ ngf vd` nkkicnvaig nkeiravdo r`sxigfs bq k`n|age vd` nkkicnv`f ngf f`nkkicnv`f r`eaigs agv`rsx`rs`f' Vd` r`spkv as vdnv nkvdiped lr`` svirne` as n|naknbk`+ av as `ll`cva|`kq pgpsnbk` b`cnps` av as fa|af`f agvi xa`c`s vdnv nr` vii sonkk vi snvaslq vd` f`ongfs il vd` nxxkacnvaig' Vd` v`ro "`tv`rgnk" r`l`rs vi vd` lncv vdnv vd` pgpsnbk` svirne` as ipvsaf` vd` nkkicnv`f r`eaigs' Lir `tnoxk`+ `tnoxk`+ ag fqgnoac fqgnoac o`oirq nkkicnvaig+ nkkicnvaig+ n bkicm il >888 >888 bqv`s oaedv oaedv b` r`~p`sv`f+ r`~p`sv`f+ bpv vd` knre`sv cigvaepips bkicm il lr`` sxnc` dns igkq 388 bqv`s' @|`g al vd`r` nr` v`g bkicms il 388 bqv`s il lr`` sxnc`+ s`xnrnv`f bq nkkicnv`f r`eaigs+ ig` svakk cnggiv nkkicnv` vd` r`~p`sv`f bkicm il >888 bqv`s+ ngf vd` nkkicnvaig r`~p`sv uakk lnak' @tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig nksi iccprs ag lak` sqsv`os ns ongq lak`s il fall`r`gv saz`s nr` cr`nv`f+ cdnge` saz`+ ngf nr` f`k`v`f' Vd` `ll`cv as `|`g uirs` al n lak` udacd as fa|af`f agvi ongq sonkk xa`c`s as f`k`v`f+ b`cnps` vdas k`n|`s saoaknrkq sonkk r`eaigs il lr`` sxnc`s' $3! Fnvn Lrneo`gvnvaig
Fnvn lrneo`gvnvaig iccprs ud`g n xa`c` il fnvn ag o`oirq as brim`g px agvi ongq xa`c`s vdnv nr` giv ckis` vie`vd`r' Av as vqxacnkkq vd` r`spkv il nvv`oxvage vi ags`rv n knre` ibj`cv agvi svirne` vdnv dns nkr`nfq spll`r`f `tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig' Lir `tnoxk`+ `tnoxk`+ lak`s ag ag n lak` sqsv`o nr` pspnkkq pspnkkq ongne`f ag pgavs pgavs cnkk`f bkicms bkicms ir ckpsv`rs' ckpsv`rs' Ud`g n lak` sqsv`o as cr`nv`f+ vd`r` as lr`` sxnc` vi svir` lak` bkicms vie`vd`r cigvaepipskq' Vdas nkkius lir rnxaf s`~p`gvank lak` r`nfs ngf urav`s' Diu`|`r+ ns lak`s nr` nff`f+ r`oi|`f+ ngf cdnge`f ag saz`+ vd` lr`` sxnc` b`cio`s `tv`rgnkkq lrneo`gv`f+ k`n|age igkq sonkk dik`s ag udacd vi xknc` g`u fnvn' Ud`g n g`u lak` as uravv`g+ ir ud`g ng `tasvage lak` as `tv`gf`f+ vd` g`u fnvn bkicms nr` g`c`ssnrakq scnvv`r`f+ skiuage ncc`ss fp` vi s``m s``m vao` ngf rivnvaignk rivnvaignk f`knq f`knq il vd` r`nf)ur r`nf)urav` av` d`nf+ ngf ngf agcprrage agcprrage nffavaignk nffavaignk i|`rd`nf vi ongne` nffavaignk kicnvaigs' Vdas as cnkk`f lak` sqsv`o lrneo`gvnvaig' Ns ngivd`r `tnoxk`+ al vd` gif`s il n kagm`f kagm`f kasv nr` nkkicnv`f cigs`cpva|`kq ag o`oirq+ vdas aoxri|`s aoxri|`s kicnkavq kicnkavq il r`l`r`gc` r`l`r`gc` ngf `gdngc`s fnvn fnvn cncd` x`rlirongc` x`rlirongc` fprage fprage vrn|`rsnk vrn|`rsnk il vd` kasv' Al vd` o`oirq xiiks lr`` sxnc` as lrneo`gv`f+ g`u gif`s uakk b` sxr`nf vdripedipv o`oirq+ agcr`nsage vd` gpob`r il cncd` oass`s' Jpsv ns cioxncvaig cng `kaoagnv` `tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig+ fnvn lrneo`gvnvaig cng b` `kaoagnv`f bq r`nrrngeage fnvn svirne` si vdnv r`knv`f xa`c`s nr` ckis` vie`vd`r' Lir `tnoxk`+ vd` xraonrq jib il n f`lrneo`gvnvaig f`lrneo`gvnvaig viik as vi r`nrrnge` bkicms ig fasm si vdnv vd` bkicms il `ncd lak` nr` cigvaepips' Oisv f`lrneo`gvage pvakava`s nksi nvv`oxv vi r`fpc` ir `kaoagnv` lr`` sxnc` lrneo`gvnvaig' Sio` oi|age enrbne` cikk`cvirs uakk nksi oi|` r`knv`f ibj`cvs ckis` vie`vd`r $vdas as cnkk`f cioxncvage! vi aoxri|` cncd` x`rlirongc`' 4'>'0 Irengaso vrncms bq bkicm Ag cioxpvage $sx`calacnkkq fnvn vrngsoassaig vrngsoassaig ngf fnvn svirne`!+ n bkicm as n s`~p`gc` il bqv`s ir bavs+ dn|age n gioagnk k`gevd $n bkicm bkicm saz`!' Fnvn vdps svrpcvpr`f nr` snaf vi b` bkicm`f' Vd` xric`ss il xpvvage fnvn agvi bkicms as cnkk`f bkicmage' Bkicmage as ps`f vi lncakavnv` vd` dngfkage il vd` fnvn/svr`no bq vd` cioxpv`r xrierno r`c`a|age vd` fnvn' Bkicm`f fnvn nr` gironkkq r`nf n udik` bkicm nv n vao`' Bkicmage as nkoisv pga|`rsnkkq `oxkiq`f ud`g svirage fnvn vi 1/vrncm oneg`vac vnx`+ vi rivnvage o`fan spcd ns lkixxq fasms+ dnrf fasms+ fasms+ ixvacnk fascs ngf vi GNGF lknsd o`oirq' Oisv lak` lak` sqsv`os sqsv`os nr` bns`f ig ig n bkicm f`|ac`+ f`|ac`+ udacd udacd as n k`|`k k`|`k il nbsvrncv nbsvrncvaig aig lir vd` dnrfunr` r`sxigsabk` lir svirage svirage ngf r`vra`|age sx`cala`f bkicms il fnvn+ vdiped vd` bkicm
saz` ag lak` sqsv`os onq b` n opkvaxk` il vd` xdqsacnk bkicm saz`' Ag cknssacnk lak` sqsv`os+ n sagek` bkicm onq igkq cigvnag n xnrv il n sagek` lak`' Vdas k`nfs vi sxnc` ag`llaca`gcq fp` vi agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig+ sagc` lak` k`gevds nr` ilv`g giv opkvaxk`s il bkicm saz`+ ngf vdps vd` knsv bkicm il lak`s uakk r`onag xnrvankkq `oxvq' Vdas uakk cr`nv` skncm sxnc`+ udacd n|`rne`s dnkl n bkicm x`r lak`' Sio` g`u`r lak` sqsv`os nvv`oxv vi sik|` vdas vdriped v`cdga~p`s cnkk`f bkicm spb/nkkicnvaig ngf vnak o`reage' Bkicm svirne` as gironkkq nbsvrncv`f bq n lak` sqsv`o ir fnvnbns` ongne`o`gv sqsv`o lir ps` bq nxxkacnvaigs ngf `gf ps`rs' Vd` xdqsacnk ir kieacnk |ikpo`s ncc`ss`f |an bkicm A)I onq b` f`|ac`s agv`rgnk vi n s`r|`r+ far`cv nvvncd`f |an SCSA ir Labr` Cdngg`k+ ir fasvngv f`|ac`s ncc`ss`f |an n svirne` nr`n g`vuirm $SNG! psage n xrivicik spcd ns aSCSA+ ir Ni@' Fnvnbns` ongne`o`gv sqsv`os ilv`g ps` vd`ar iug bkicm A)I lir aoxri|`f x`rlirongc` ngf r`ci|`rnbakavq ns cioxnr`f vi knq`rage vd` FBOS ig vix il n lak` sqsv`o'
4'2 Fasm Ongne`o`gv 4'2'> Oneg`vac vnx` Oneg`vac vnx` as n o`fapo lir oneg`vac r`cirfage+ onf` il n vdag oneg`vaznbk` cinvage ig n kige+ gnrriu gnrriu svrax svrax il xknsva xknsvac' c' Oisv npfai+ npfai+ |af`i |af`i ngf cioxpv`r cioxpv`r fnvn svirne` svirne` as vdas vdas vqx`' Av uns f`|`kix`f ag E`rongq+ bns`f ig oneg`vac uar` r`cirfage' F`|ac`s vdnv r`cirf r`cirf ngf xknq bncm npfai ngf |af`i psage psage oneg`vac vnx` nr` nr` vnx` r`cirf`rs r`cirf`rs ngf |af`i vnx` r`cirf`rs' N f`|ac` vdnv svir`s svir`s cioxpv`r fnvn ig oneg`vac vnx` as n vnx` fra|` $vnx` pgav+ svr`no`r!' Oneg`vac Oneg`vac vnx` r`|ikpvai r`|ikpvaigaz`f gaz`f brinfcnsv brinfcnsv ngf r`cirfage r`cirfage'' Ud`g nkk rnfai rnfai uns ka|`+ ka|`+ av nkkiu`f nkkiu`f xriernooage xriernooage vi b` xr`r`cirf`f' xr`r`cirf`f' Nv n vao` ud`g ernoixdig` ernoixdig` r`cirfs u`r` r`cirf`f ag ig` vnm`+ av nkkiu`f r`cirfages ag opkvaxk` xnrvs+ udacd oat`f ngf `fav`f uavd vik`rnbk` kiss ag ~pnkavq' Av as n m`q v`cdgikieq ag `nrkq cioxpv`r f`|`kixo`gv+ nkkiuage pgxnrnkk`k`f noipgvs il fnvn vi b` o`cdngacnkkq cr`nv`f+ svir`f lir kige x`raifs+ ngf vi b` rnxafkq ncc`ss`f'
Vifnq+ ivd`r v`cdgikiea`s cng x`rliro vd` lpgcvaigs il oneg`vac vnx`' Ag ongq cns`s vd`s` v`cdgikie v`cdgikiea`s a`s nr` r`xkncage r`xkncage vnx`' F`sxav` F`sxav` vdas+ vdas+ aggi|nvaig aggi|nvaig ag vd` v`cdgikieq v`cdgikieq cigvagp`s ngf vnx` as svakk uaf`kq ps`f' Npfai r`cirfage Oneg`vac vnx` uns ag|`gv`f ag|`gv`f lir r`cirfage sipgf bq Lravz Lravz Xlk`po`r ag >124 ag E`rongq+ bns`f ig ig vd` ag|`gvaig ag|`gvaig il oneg`vac oneg`vac uar` r`cirfag r`cirfage e bq \nkf`onr \nkf`onr Xipks`g Xipks`g ag >414' Xlk`po`rs Xlk`po`rs ag|`gvai ag|`gvaig g ps`f ng arig itaf` $L`2I3! xiuf`r cinvage ig n kige svrax il xnx`r' Vdas ag|`gvaig uns lprvd`r f`|`kix`f bq vd` E`rong `k`cvrigacs cioxngq N@E+ udacd ongplncvpr`f vd` r`cirfage oncdag`s ngf BNSL+ udacd ongplncvpr`f vd` vnx`' Ag >133+ uirmage lir N@E+ @fpnrf Scdpkk`r f`|`kix`f vd` rage sdnx`f vnx` d`nf' Xr`|aips d`nf f`saegs u`r` g``fk` sdnx`f ngf v`gf`f vi sdr`f vd` vnx`' Ng aoxirvngv fasci|`rq onf` ag vdas x`raif uns vd` v`cdga~p` v`cdga~p` il NC bansage udacd aoxri|`f vd` laf`kavq il vd` r`cirf`f npfai saegnk bq agcr`nsage vd` `ll`cva|` kag`nravq il vd` r`cirfage o`fapo' Fp` vi vd` `scnknvage xikavacnk v`gsaigs+ ngf vd` ipvbr`nm il Uirkf Unr AA+ vd`s` f`|`kixo`gvs u`r` knre`kq m`xv s`cr`v' Nkvdiped vd` Nkka`s mg`u lrio vd`ar oigavirage il Gnza rnfai brinfcnsvs vdnv vd` E`rongs dnf sio` g`u liro il r`cirfage v`cdgikieq+ vd` gnvpr` uns giv fasci|`r`f pgvak vd` Nkka`s nc~par`f cnxvpr`f E`rong r`cirfage `~paxo`gv ns vd`q ag|nf`f @prix` ag vd` ckisage il vd` unr' N uaf` |nra`vq il r`cirf`rs ngf lironvs dn|` f`|`kix`f sagc`+ oisv saegalacngvkq r``k/vi/r``k r``k/vi/r``k ngf Cioxncv Cnss`vv`' \af`i r`cirfage Vd` xrncvac` il r`cirfage ngf `favage npfai psage oneg`vac vnx` rnxafkq `svnbkasd`f avs`kl ns ng ib|aips aoxri|`o`gv i|`r xr`|aips o`vdifs' Ongq snu vd` xiv`gvank il onmage vd` sno` aoxri|`o`gvs ag r`cirfage v`k`|asaig' V`k`|asaig $"|af`i"! saegnks nr` saoaknr vi npfai saegnks' N onjir fall`r`gc` fall`r`gc` as vdnv |af`i saegnks saegnks ps` oir` bngfuafvd vdng npfai saegnks' @tasvage npfai vnx` r`cirf`rs cipkf giv xrncvacnkkq cnxvpr` n |af`i saegnk' Ongq s`v vi uirm ig r`sik|age vdas xribk`o' Jncm Opkkag $uirmage lir Bage Crisbq! ngf vd` BBC bivd cr`nv`f crpf` uirmage sqsv`os vdnv ag|ik|`f oi|age vd` vnx` ncriss n lat`f vnx` d`nf nv |`rq lnsv sx``fs' G`avd`r sqsv`o snu opcd ps`' Av uns vd` v`no nv Nox`t+
k`nf bq Cdnrk`s Eagsbpre+ vdnv onf` vd` br`nmvdriped il psage n sxaggage r`cifage d`nf ngf gironk vnx` sx``fs vi ncda`|` n |`rq daed d`nf/vi/vnx` sx``f vdnv cipkf r`cirf ngf r`xrifpc` vd` daed bngfuafvd saegnks il |af`i' Vd` Nox`t sqsv`o uns cnkk`f ^pnfrpxk`t ^pnfrpxk`t ngf ps`f 2 agcd uaf` uaf` vnx`+ oipgv`f ig r``ks r``ks kam` npfai vnx`+ vnx`+ udacd uriv` uriv` vd` saegnk ag udnv as giu cnkk`f vrngs|`rs` scng' Knv`r aoxri|`o`gvs bq ivd`r cioxnga`s+ xnrvacpknrkq Sigq+ k`nf vi vd` f`|`kixo`gv il d`kacnk scng ngf vd` `gckispr` il vd` vnx` r``ks ag ng `nsq/vi/dngfk` cnrvrafe`' cnrvrafe`' G`nrkq nkk oif`rg |af`ivnx` sqsv`os ps` d`kacnk scng ngf cnrvrafe`s' \af`icnss`vv` r`cirf`rs nr` |`rq ciooig ag dio`s ngf v`k`|asaig xrifpcvaig lncakava`s vdiped ongq lpgcvaigs il vd` \CR nr` b`age r`xknc`f' Sagc` vd` nf|`gv il faeavnk |af`i ngf cioxpv`raz`f |af`i xric`ssage xric`ssage++ ixvacnk fasc o`fan ngf faeavnk faeavnk |af`i r`cirf`rs r`cirf`rs cng giu x`rliro vd` sno` rik` rik` ns |af`ivnx`' Vd`s` f`|ac`s nksi ill`r aoxri|`o`gvs kam` rngfio ncc`ss vi ngq sc`g` ag vd` r`cirfage r`cirfage ngf "ka|`" "ka|`" vao` sdalvage sdalvage ngf nr` kam`kq vi vi r`xknc` |af`ivnx` |af`ivnx` ag ongq savpnvaigs' Fnvn svirne` Ag nkk vnx` lironvs+ lironvs+ n vnx` fra|` ps`s oivirs vi uagf vd` vd` vnx` lrio ig` r``k vi ngivd`r+ xnssage vnx` d`nfs vi r`nf+ urav` ir `rns` ns av oi|`s' Oneg`vac vnx` uns larsv ps`f vi r`cirf cioxpv`r fnvn ag >10> ig vd` @cm`rv/Onpcdkq PGA\NC A' Vd` r`cirfage o`fapo uns n vdag vdag svrax il ig` dnkl agcd $>2'<0 oo! uaf` o`vnk+ cigsasvage il gacm`k/xknv`f brigz` $cnkk`f \acnkkiq!' R`cirfage f`gsavq uns >24 cdnrncv`rs x`r agcd $>14 oacrio`vr`)cdnrncv`r! ig `aedv vrncms' @nrkq ABO vnx` fra|`s u`r` lkiir/svngfage fra|`s vdnv ps`f |ncppo cikpogs vi xdqsacnkkq bpll`r kige P/sdnx`f kiixs il vnx`' Vd` vui vnx` r``ks |asabkq l`f vnx` vdriped vd` cikpogs+ agv`roavv`gvkq sxaggage vd` r``ks ag rnxaf+ pgsqgcdrigaz`f bprsvs+ r`spkvage ag |aspnkkq/svramage ncvaig' Svicm sdivs il spcd |ncppo/cikpog vnx` fra|`s ag oivaig u`r` uaf`kq ps`f vi r`xr`s`gv "vd` cioxpv`r" ag oi|a`s ngf v`k`|asaig'
Oisv oif`rg oneg`vac vnx` sqsv`os ps` r``ks vdnv nr` opcd sonkk`r vdng vd` >8'0 agcd ix`g r``ks ngf nr` lat`f agsaf` n cnrvrafe` vi xriv`cv vd` vnx` ngf lncakavnv` dngfkage' Ongq knv` >158s ngf `nrkq `nrkq >148s dio` cioxpv`rs ps`f ps`f Cioxncv Cnss`vv`s `gcif`f uavd vd` Mngsns Cavq svngfnrf' Oif`rg cnrvrafe` lironvs agckpf` KVI+ FKV+ ngf FNV)FFC' Vnx` r`onags n |anbk` nkv`rgnva|` vi fasm ag sio` savpnvaigs fp` vi avs kiu`r cisv x`r bav' Vdiped vd` nr`nk f`gsavq il vnx` as kiu`r vdng lir fasm fra|`s+ vd` n|naknbk` sprlnc` nr`n ig n vnx` as lnr er`nv`r' Vd` daed`sv cnxncavq vnx` o`fan nr` e`g`rnkkq ig vd` sno` irf`r ns vd` knre`sv n|naknbk` fasm fra|`s $nbipv $nbipv > VB ag 2885!' Vnx` dns dasviracnkkq ill`r`f `giped nf|ngvne` ag cisv i|`r fasm svirne` vi onm` av n |anbk` xrifpcv+ xnrvacpknrkq lir bncmpx+ ud`r` o`fan r`oi|nbakavq as g`c`ssnrq' 4'2'2 Svirne` bq bq Fnvn unr`dipsag unr`dipsage e
Vd` cigc`xv il il fnvn unr`dipsage unr`dipsage dns `|ik|`f `|ik|`f ipv il vd` g``f lir lir `nsq ncc`ss ncc`ss vi n svrpcvpr`f svir` il ~pnkavq fnvn vdnv cng b` ps`f lir f`casaig onmage' Av as ekibnkkq ncc`xv`f vdnv aglironvaig as n |`rq xiu`rlpk nss`v vdnv cng xri|af` saegalacngv b`g`lavs vi ngq irengaznvaig ngf n ciox`vava|` nf|ngvne` ag vd` bpsag`ss uirkf' Irengaznvaigs dn|` |nsv noipgvs il fnvn bpv dn|` lipgf av agcr`nsagekq fallacpkv vi ncc`ss av ngf onm` ps` il av' Vdas as b`cnps` av as ag ongq fall`r`gv lironvs+ `tasvs ig ongq fall`r`gv xknvliros+ ngf r`saf`s ag ongq fall`r`gv lak` ngf fnvnbns` svrpcvpr`s f`|`kix`f bq fall`r`gv |`gfirs' Vdps irengaznvaigs dn|` dnf vi urav` ngf onagvnag x`rdnxs dpgfr`fs il xriernos vdnv nr` ps`f vi `tvrncv+ xr`xnr`+ ngf cigsikafnv` fnvn lir ps` bq ongq fall`r`gv nxxkacnvaigs lir ngnkqsas ngf r`xirvage' Nksi+ f`casaig onm`rs ilv`g ungv vi fae f``x`r agvi vd` fnvn igc` agavank lagfages nr` onf`' Vdas uipkf vqxacnkkq r`~par` oifalacnvaig il vd` `tvrncv xriernos ir f`|`kixo`gv il g`u ig`s' Vdas xric`ss as cisvkq+ ag`llaca`gv+ ngf |`rq vao` cigspoage' Fnvn unr`dipsage ill`rs n b`vv`r nxxrincd' Fnvn unr`dipsage aoxk`o`gvs vd` xric`ss vi ncc`ss d`v`rie`g`ips fnvn siprc`s= ck`ng+ lakv`r+ ngf vrngsliro vd` fnvn= ngf svir` vd` fnvn ag n svrpcvpr` vdnv as `nsq vi ncc`ss+ pgf`rsvngf+ ngf ps`' Vd` fnvn as vd`g ps`f lir ~p`rq+ r`xirvage+ ngf fnvn ngnkqsas' Ns spcd+ vd` ncc`ss+ ps`+ v`cdgikieq+ ngf x`rlirongc` r`~par`o`gvs nr` cioxk`v`kq fall`r`gv lrio vdis` ag n vrngsncvaig/ira`gv`f ix`rnvaignk `g|arigo`gv' Vd` |ikpo` il fnvn ag fnvn unr`dipsage cng b` |`rq daed+
xnrvacpknrkq ud`g cigsaf`rage vd` r`~par`o`gvs lir dasviracnk fnvn ngnkqsas' Fnvn ngnkqsas xriernos nr` ilv`g r`~par`f vi scng |nsv noipgvs il vdnv fnvn+ udacd cipkf r`spkv ag n g`enva|` aoxncv ig ix`rnvaignk nxxkacnvaigs+ udacd nr` oir` x`rlirongc` s`gsava|`' Vd`r`lir`+ vd`r` as n r`~par`o`gv vi s`xnrnv` vd` vui `g|arigo`gvs vi oagaoaz` ciglkacvs ngf f`ernfnvaig il x`rlirongc` x`rlirongc` ag vd` ix`rnvaignk `g|arigo`gv' Vd` likkiuage e`g`rnk svne`s il ps` il vd` fnvn unr`dips` cng b` fasvagepasd`f: Ill kag` Ix`rnvaignk Fnvnbns`
Aglironvaig ag vd` fnvn unr`dips` as pgf`r vd` cigvrik il fnvn unr`dips` ps`rs si vdnv+ `|`g al vd` siprc` sqsv`o fnvn as xpre`f i|`r vao`+ vd` aglironvaig ag vd` unr`dips` cng b` svir`f snl`kq lir `tv`gf`f x`raifs il vao`'
F`x`gfage ig diu opcd vd` ncvpnk `tx`gfavpr`s `tc``f`f vd` bpfe`v+ vd` xrij`cv onq b` cigsaf`r`f n lnakpr`' Vd` cnps` onq dn|` b``g ng i|`rkq ixvaoasvac bpfe`v ir vd` ag`tx`ra`gc` il vdis` cnkcpknvage vd` `svaonv`' Vd` agnf`~pnv` bpfe`v oaedv b` vd` r`spkv il giv ungvage vi v`kk ongne`o`gv vd` bavv`r vrpvd nbipv vd` cisvs il n fnvn unr`dips`' Pgngvacaxnv`f ngf `tx`gsa|` cigspkvage d`kx onq dn|` b``g g``f`f' X`rlirongc` ir cnxncavq xribk`os+ oir` ps`rs+ oir` ~p`ra`s ir oir` cioxk`t ~p`ra`s onq dn|` r`~par`f oir` dnrfunr` ir `tvrn `llirv vi r`sik|` vd` xribk`os' Vd` xrij`cv scix` onq dn|` b``g `tv`gf`f uavdipv n cdnge` ag vd` bpfe`v' @tv`gpnvage carcposvngc`s spcd ns f`knqs cnps`f bq dnrfunr` xribk`os+ silvunr` xribk`os+ ps`r pgn|naknbakavq+ ngf cdnge` ag vd` bpsag`ss ir ivd`r lncvirs onq dn|` r`spkv`f ag n ffavaignk `tx`gs`s' 2' Skaxx`f Scd`fpk`
Oisv il vd` lncvirs kasv`f ag vd` xr`c`fage s`cvaig cipkf nksi dn|` cigvrabpv`f vi vd` scd`fpk` giv b`age o`v+ bpv vd` onjir r`nsig lir n skaxx`f scd`fpk` as vd` ag`tx`ra`gc` ir ixvaoaso il vdis` cr`nvage vd` xrij`cv xkng' Ag ongq cns`s ongne`o`gv ungvage vi ‛xpv n svnm` ag vd` eripgf‟ u`r` vd` ig`s udi s`v vd` scd`fpk` bq cdiisage ng nrbavrnrq fnv` lir f`ka|`rq ag vd` dix` il ea|age xrij`cv ongne`rs sio`vdage vi sdiiv lir' Vd` scd`fpk` b`cio`s n f`nfkag` uavdipv ngq r`nk r`nsig lir n lat`f f`ka|`rq fnv`' Ag vdis` cns`s vd` scd`fpk` as pspnkkq `svnbkasd`f uavdipv agxpv lrio vdis` udi mgiu diu kige av vnm`s vi ncvpnkkq x`rliro vd` fnvn unr`dips` vnsms' Vd` f`nfkag` as pspnkkq s`v uavdipv vd` b`g`lav il n xrij`cv xkng' Uavdipv n xrij`cv xkng vdnv f`vnaks vd` vnsms+ f`x`gf`gca`s ngf r`siprc`s+ av as aoxissabk` vi f`|`kix n r`nkasvac fnv` bq udacd vd` xrij`cv sdipkf b` cioxk`v`f' 3' Lpgcvaigs ngf Cnxnbakava`s Giv Aoxk`o`gv`f
Vd` xrij`cv ner``o`gv sx`cala`f c`rvnag lpgcvaigs ngf cnxnbakava`s' Vd`s` uipkf dn|` agckpf`f udnv fnvn vi f`ka|`r+ vd` ~pnkavq il vd` fnvn+ vd` vrnagage ea|`g vi vd` ps`rs+ vd` gpob`r il ps`rs+ vd` o`vdif il f`ka|`rq `'e' u`b bns`f+ s`r|ac` k`|`k ner``o`gvs $x`rlirongc` ngf n|naknbakavq!+ xr`/f`lag`f ~p`ra`s+ `vc' Al aoxirvngv lpgcvaigs ngf cnxnbakava`s u`r` giv r`nkaz`f ir u`r` xisvxig`f vi spbs`~p`gv aoxk`o`gvnvaig xdns`s+ vd`s` uipkf b` agfacnvaigs il lnakpr` 6' Pgdnxxq Ps`rs
Al vd` ps`rs nr` pgdnxxq+ vd` xrij`cv sdipkf b` cigsaf`r`f n lnakpr`' Pgdnxxag`ss as ilv`g vd` r`spkv il pgr`nkasvac `tx`cvnvaigs' Ps`rs u`r` `tx`cvage lnr oir` vdng vd`q eiv' Vd`q onq dn|` b``g xrioas`f vii opcd ir vd`r` onq dn|` b``g n br`nmfiug ag cioopgacnvaig b`vu``g AV ngf vd` ps`r' AV onq giv dn|` mgiug `giped vi cirr`cv vd` ps`rs‑ lnks` `tx`cvnvaigs+ ir onq dn|` b``g nlrnaf vi v`kk vd`o vd` vrpvd' U` ilv`g ibs`r|` savpnvaigs ud`r` vd` ps`r snqs jpox+ ngf AV as vikf vi snq ‛diu daed9‟ Nksi+ vd` ps`rs onq dn|` b`ka`|`f vd` |`gfirs‑ xrioas`s lir erngf cnxnbakava`s ngf erisskq ixvaoasvac scd`fpk`s' Lprvd`roir`+ ps`rs onq b` pgdnxxq nbipv vd` ck`ngkag`ss il vd`ar fnvn+ r`sxigs` vao`+ n|naknbakavq+ psnbakavq il vd` sqsv`o+ ngvacaxnv`f lpgcvaig ngf cnxnbakavq+ ir vd` ~pnkavq ngf n|naknbakavq il spxxirv ngf vrnagage' 0' Pgncc`xvnbk` X`rlirongc`
Pgncc`xvnbk` Pgncc`xvnbk` x`rlirongc` x`rlirongc` dns ilv`g b``g vd` r`nsig vdnv fnvn unr`dips` unr`dips` xrij`cvs xrij`cvs nr` cngc`kk`f' Fnvn unr`dips` x`rlirongc` sdipkf b` `txkir`f lir bivd vd` ~p`rq r`sxigs` vao` ngf vd` `tvrncv)vrngsliro)kinf vao`' Ngq cdnrncv`raznvaig il eiif ~p`rq r`sxigs` vao` as r`knva|` vi udnv as r`nkasvac ngf ud`vd`r av as ncc`xvnbk` vi vd` ps`r' Al vd` ps`r uns `tx`cvage spb s`cigf r`sxigs` vao` lir ~p`ra`s vdnv jiag vui opkva/oakkaig/riu vnbk`s+ vd` `tx`cvnvaig uipkf cnps` vd` ps`r vi snq vdnv x`rlirongc` uns pgncc`xvnbk`' Ag vdas `tnoxk`+ eiif x`rlirongc` sdipkf dn|` b``g o`nspr`f ag oagpv`s+ giv lrncvaigs il n s`cigf' Vd` ps`r g``fs vi pgf`rsvngf udnv vi `tx`cv' @|`g vdiped vd` fnvn unr`dips` onq r`~par` `t`cpvage oakkaigs il agsvrpcvaigs ngf onq r`~par` ncc`ssage oakkaigs il rius il fnvn+ vd`r` nr` kaoavs vi udnv vd` ps`r sdipkf b` `tx`cv`f vi vik`rnv`' U` dn|` s``g ~p`ra`s ud`r` r`sxigs` vao` as o`nspr`f ag fnqs' @tc`xv lir n l`u `tc`xvaigs+ vdas as ck`nrkq pgncc`xvnbk`' Ns fnvn unr`dips`s e`v knre`r+ vd` `tvrncv)vrngsliro)kinf $@VK! xric`ss uakk vnm` kige`r+ sio`vao`s ns kige ns fnqs' Vdas uakk aoxncv vd` n|naknbakavq il vd` fnvn unr`dips` vi vd` ps`rs' Fnvnbns` f`saeg+ nrcdav`cvpr`+ ngf dnrfunr` ciglaeprnvaig+ fnvnbns` vpgage ngf vd` @VK cif` – ud`vd`r ng @VK xrifpcv xrifpcv ir dngf uravv`g uravv`g cif` cif` – uakk saegal saegalacngvk acngvkq q aoxncv aoxncv @VK x`rlirongc`' Ns vd` @VK xric`ss vao` agcr`ns`s+ nkk il vd` lncvirs dn|` vi b` `|nkpnv`f ngf nfjpsv`f' Ag sio` cns`s vd` s`r|ac` k`|`k ner``o`gv lir n|naknbakavq uakk nksi dn|` vi b` nfjpsv`f' Uavdipv spcd nfjpsvo`gvs+ vd` @VK xric`ss`s onq giv cioxk`v` ig vao`+ ngf vd` xrij`cv uipkf b` cigsaf`r`f n lnakpr`' <' Xiir N|naknbakavq
N|naknbakavq as bivd scd`fpk`f n|naknbakavq $vd` fnqs x`r u``m ngf vd` gpob`r il diprs x`r fnq! ns u`kk ns vd` x`rc`gvne` il vao` vd` sqsv`o as ncc`ssabk` fprage scd`fpk`f diprs' N|naknbakavq lnakpr` as pspnkkq vd` r`spkv il vd` fnvn unr`dips` b`age vr`nv`f ns n s`cigf/cknss sqsv`o' Ix`rnvaignk sqsv`os pspnkkq f`ongf n|naknbakavq s`r|ac` k`|`k ner``o`gvs' ner``o`gvs' Vd` x`rlirongc` x`rlirongc` `|nkpnvaigs `|nkpnvaigs ngf bigps xkngs il vdis` vdis` AV o`ob`rs udi uirm ag ix`rnvaigs ngf ag sqsv`os ilv`g f`x`gfs ig r`ncdage daed n|naknbakavq x`rc`gvne`s' Al vd` sno` svngfnrfs nr` giv nxxka`f vi vd` fnvn unr`dips`+ xribk`os uakk ei pggivac`f ngf r`sxigs` vi xribk`os uakk b` cnspnk+ pgvao`kq ngf ag`ll`cva|`' 5' Agnbakavq vi @txngf
Al n ribpsv nrcdav`cvpr` ngf f`saeg as giv xnrv il vd` fnvn unr`dips` aoxk`o`gvnvaig+ ngq saegalacngv agcr`ns` ag vd` gpob`r il ps`rs ir agcr`ns` ag vd` gpob`r il ~p`ra`s ir cioxk`tavq il ~p`ra`s onq `tc``f vd` cnxnbakava`s il vd` sqsv`o' Al vd` fnvn unr`dips` as spcc`sslpk+ vd`r` uakk nksi b` n f`ongf lir oir` fnvn+ lir oir` f`vnak`f fnvn ngf+ x`rdnxs+ n f`ongf lir oir` dasviracnk fnvn vi x`rliro `tv`gf`f vr`gf ngnkqsas+ `'e' la|` q`nrs il oigvdkq fnvn' 4' Xiir ^pnkavq Fnvn)R`xirvs
Al vd` fnvn as giv ck`ng ngf nccprnv`+ vd` ~p`ra`s ngf r`xirvs uakk b` urige+ Ag udacd cns` ps`rs uakk `avd`r onm` vd` urige f`casaigs ir+ al vd`q r`ciegaz` vdnv vd` fnvn as urige+ uakk oasvrpsv vd` r`xirvs ngf giv ncv ig vd`o' Ps`rs onq sx`gf saegalacngv vao` |nkafnvage vd` r`xirv laepr`s+ udacd ag vprg uakk aoxncv vd`ar xrifpcva|avq' Vdas aoxncv ig xrifpcva|avq xpvs vd` |nkp` il vd` fnvn unr`dips` ag ~p`svaig' 1' Vii Cioxkacnv`f lir Ps`rs
Sio` viiks nr` vii fallacpkv lir vd` vnre`v npfa`gc`' Jpsv b`cnps` AV as ciolirvnbk` uavd n viik ngf avs agv`rlnc`s+ av fi`s giv likkiu vdnv nkk vd` ps`rs uakk b` ns `gvdpsansvac' Al vd` viik as vii cioxkacnv`f+ vd` ps`rs uakk lagf unqs vi n|iaf av+ agckpfage nsmage ivd`r x`ixk` ag vd`ar f`xnrvo`gv ir nsmage AV vi rpg n r`xirv lir vd`o' Vdas gpkkala`s ig` il vd` xraonrq b`g`lavs il n fnvn unr`dips`+ vi `oxiu`r vd` ps`rs vi f`|`kix vd`ar iug ~p`ra`s ngf r`xirvs' >8' Xrij`cv Giv Cisv Jpsvala`f
Ag ongq cns`s+ irengaznvaigs fi giv o`nspr` vd` b`g`lavs il vd` fnvn unr`dips` ir fi giv xrix`rkq r`xirv vdis` b`g`lavs vi ongne`o`gv' Xrij`cv ongne`rs+ ngf AV ns n udik`+ nr` ilv`g sdq ag binsvage nbipv vd`ar nccioxkasdo`gvs' nc cioxkasdo`gvs' Sio`vao`s vd`q onq giv mgiu diu vi r`xirv ig vd`ar xrier`ss ir ig vd` aoxncv vd` fnvn unr`dips` as dn|age ig vd`
irengaznvaig' Vd` xrij`cv ongne`rs onq b`ka`|` vdnv `|`rqig` ag vd` irengaznvaig uakk npvionvacnkkq mgiu diu uigf`rlpkkq AV x`rliro`f+ ngf vdnv `|`rqig` uakk r`ciegaz` vd` fnvn unr`dips` lir vd` spcc`ss vdnv av as' Vd`q nr` urige' Ag oisv cns`s+ al ongne`o`gv as giv xrix`rkq bra`l`f ig vd` fnvn unr`dips`+ vd`q uakk giv r`ciegaz` avs b`g`lavs ngf uakk b` r`kpcvngv vi cigvagp` lpgfage sio`vdage vd`q fi giv nxxr`canv`' Fnvn Unr`dips` Assp`s Vd`r` nr` c`rvnag assp`s sprripgfage fnvn unr`dips`s vdnv cioxnga`s g``f vi b` xr`xnr`f lir' N lnakpr` vi xr`xnr` lir vd`s` assp`s as ig` il vd` m`q r`nsigs udq ongq fnvn unr`dips` xrij`cvs nr` pgspcc`sslpk' Ig` il vd` larsv assp`s cioxnga`s g``f vi ciglrigv as vdnv vd`q nr` eiage vi sx`gf n er`nv f`nk il vao` kinfage ngf ck`ngage fnvn' Sio` `tx`rvs dn|` snaf vdnv vd` vqxacnk fnvn unr`dips` xrij`cv uakk r`~par` cioxnga`s vi sx`gf 48% il vd`ar vao` fiage vdas' Udak` vd` x`rc`gvne` onq ir onq giv b` ns daed ns 48%+ ig` vdage vdnv qip opsv r`nkaz` as oisv |`gfirs uakk pgf`rsvnv` vd` noipgv il vao` qip uakk dn|` vi sx`gf fiage av' Udak` ck`ngage vd` fnvn cng b` cioxkacnv`f+ `tvrncvage av cng b` `|`g oir` cdnkk`geage' Giv onvv`r diu u`kk n cioxngq xr`xnr`s lir vd` xrij`cv ongne`o`gv+ vd`q opsv lnc` vd` lncv vdnv vd` scix` il vd` xrij`cv uakk xribnbkq b` kige`r vd`g vd`q `svaonv`' Udak` oisv xrij`cvs uakk b`eag uavd sx`calac r`~par`o`gvs+ vd`q uakk cigckpf` uavd fnvn' Igc` vd` `gf ps`rs s`` udnv vd`q cng fi uavd vd` fnvn unr`dips` igc` avs cioxk`v`f+ av as |`rq kam`kq vdnv vd`q uakk xknc` daed`r f`ongfs ig av' Udak` vd`r` as givdage urige uavd vdas+ av as b`sv vi lagf ipv udnv vd` ps`rs il vd` fnvn unr`dips` g``f g`tv rnvd`r vdng udnv vd`q ungv raedv giu' Ngivd`r assp` vdnv cioxnga`s uakk dn|` vi lnc` as dn|age xribk`os uavd vd`ar
sqsv`os
xkncage
aglironvaig
ag
vd`
fnvn
unr`dips`'
Ud`g n cioxngq `gv`rs vdas svne` lir vd` larsv vao`+ vd`q uakk lagf vdnv xribk`os vdnv dn|` b``g daff`g lir q`nrs uakk spff`gkq nxx`nr' Igc` vdas dnxx`gs+ vd` bpsag`ss ongne`rs uakk dn|` vi onm` vd` f`casaig f`casaig il ud`vd`r ud`vd`r ir giv vd` xribk`o xribk`o cng b` lat`f |an vd` vrngsncvaig xric`ssage sqsv`o ir n fnvn unr`dips` vdnv as r`nf igkq' Av sdipkf nksi b` giv`f vdnv n cioxngq uakk ilv`g b` r`sxigsabk` lir svirage fnvn vdnv dns giv b` cikk`cv`f bq vd` `tasvage sqsv`os vd`q vd`q dn|`' Vdas cng b` n d`nfncd` lir lir f`|`kix`rs udi rpg agvi vd` xribk`o+ ngf vd` igkq unq vi sik|` av as bq svirage fnvn agvi vd` sqsv`o' Ongq
cioxnga`s uakk nksi lagf vdnv sio` il vd`ar fnvn as giv b`age |nkafnv`f |an d` vrngsncvaig xric`ssage xriernos' Ag n savpnvaig kam` vdas+ vd` fnvn uakk g``f vi b` |nkafnv`f' Ud`g fnvn as xknc`f ag n unr`dips`+ vd`r` uakk b` n gpob`r il agcigsasv`gca`s vdnv uakk iccpr uavdag la`kfs' Ongq il vd`s` la`kfs uakk dn|` aglironvaig vdnv as f`scraxva|`' Ud`g il vd` oisv ciooig assp`s as ud`g cigvriks nr` giv xknc`f pgf`r vd` gno`s il cpsvio`rs' Vdas uakk cnps` d`nfncd`s lir vd` unr`dips` ps`r vdnv uakk ungv vd` fnvn unr`dips` vi cnrrq ipv ng nf dic ~p`rq lir s`k`cvage vd` gno` il n sx`calac cpsvio`r' Vd` f`|`kix`r il vd` fnvn unr`dips` onq lagf vd`os`k|`s dn|age vi nkv`r vd` vrngsncvaig xric`ssage sqsv`os' Ag nffavaig vi vdas+ vd`q onq nksi b` r`~par`f vi xprcdns` c`rvnag liros il v`cdgikieq' Ig` il vd` oisv cravacnk xribk`os n cioxngq onq lnc` as n vrngsncvaig xric`ssage sqsv`o vdnv l``fs agli agvi vd` fnvn unr`dips` uavd kavvk` f`vnak' Vdas onq iccpr lr`~p`gvkq ag n fnvn unr`dips` vdnv as vnakir`f viunrfs xrifpcvs ir cpsvio`rs' Sio` f`|`kix`rs onq r`l`r vi vdas ns b`age n erngpknr assp`' R`enrfk`ss+ av as n xribk`o qip uakk ungv vi n|iaf nv nkk cisvs' Av as aoxirvngv vi onm` spr` vdnv vd` aglironvaig vdnv as xknc`f ag vd` fnvn unr`dips` as racd ag f`vnak' Ongq cioxnga`s nksi onm` vd` oasvnm` il giv bpfe`vage daed `giped lir vd` r`siprc`s vdnv nr` cigg`cv`f vi vd` l``f`r sqsv`o svrpcvpr`' Vi f`nk uavd vdas+ cioxnga`s uakk ungv vi cigsvrpcv n xirvaig il vd` ck`ngage kieac lir vd` l``f`r sqsv`o xknvliro' Vdas as `sx`cankkq aoxirvngv al vd` xknvliro dnxx`gs vi b` n onaglrno`' Fprage vd` ck`ngage xric`ss+ qip uakk b` `tx`cv`f vi fi n er`nv f`nk il sirvage' Vd` eiif g`us nbipv vdas as vdnv vd` onaglrno` pvakava`s nr` ilv`g xrilaca`gv ag vdas nr`n' Sio` ps`rs‑ cdiis` vi cigsvrpcv neer`env`s uavdag vd` onaglrno` sagc` neer`envaig uakk nksi r`~par` n kiv il sirvage' Av sdipkf nksi b` giv`f vdnv ongq `gf ps`r uakk giv ps` vd` vrnagage vdnv vd`q r`c`a|` lir psage vd` fnvn unr`dips`' Diu`|`r+ av as aoxirvngv vdnv vd` b` vnpedv vd` lpgfno`gvnks il psage av+ `sx`cankkq al vd` cioxngq ungvs vd`o vi ps` vd` fnvn unr`dips` lr`~p`gvkq'
Cdnxv`r/\AAA
Fnvn Svirne` @gf Cdnxv`r ~pazz`s: ^>' Udacd il vd` likkiuage as crpcank vao` udak` ncc`ssage fnvn ig vd` fasm9 n' S``m vao` b' Rivnvaignk vao` c' Vrngsoassaig vao` f' Unavage vao` ^2' Udnv as vd` sonkk`sv pgav il Oneg`vac Fasm9 $n! $n! Cqka Cqkagf` gf`r r $b! $b! S`cv S`cvir ir $c! $c! Vrnc Vrncm m $f! $f! xknv xknvv` v`r r
^3' Udacd il vd` likkiuage o`oirq o`oirq nkkicnvaig scd`o` spll`rs lrio @tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig9 n' S`eo`gvnvaig b' Xpr` f`ongf xneage c' Sunxxage f' Xneage ^6' S`k`cv nkk svnv`o`gvs vdnv nr` vrp` $n! @tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig as xissabk` uavd xne`f o`oirq sqsv`os $b! Agv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig as xissabk` uavd xne`f o`oirq sqsv`os $c! @tv`rgnk lrneo`gvnvaig lrneo`gvnvaig as xissabk` uavd n o`oirq ongne`o`gv xikacq vdnv nkkicnv`s |nranbk` saz`f xnrvavaigs il o`oirq ^0' Vd` cikk`cvaig il xric`ss`s ig vd` vd` fasm vdnv as unavage unavage vi b` bripedv agvi o`oirq lir lir `t`cpvaig liros vd` YYYYYYYYYYY n' R`n R`nfq fq ~p`p` ~p`p` b' F`|ac` ~p`p` c' Agxpv ~p`p` f' Xrairavq ~p`p`
