Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Online Quiz Project Report submitted for the partial fulfillment For the award of the degree of
B Tech(Electronics & Comm.)
1
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
CERTIFICATE
2
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
CERTIFICATE
2
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
ACKNOWLE!E"ENT
#
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
CONTENT$
1. $%nosis 2. 'ntrouction #. $%stem Anl%sis • •
*reliminr% 'n+esti,tion -esiilit% $tu%
• • • •
Technical Feasibility Operational Feasibility Feasibility Economical Feasibility
!therin, 'n/ormtion $%stem $tu%
Existing System Proposed System
0. $%stem euirements Software Enironment !or"ing Enironment #ardware Config$ration Software Config$ration
3. $%stem esi,n • • • •
• •
• •
• •
System Flow %iagram %ata Flow %iagrams %atabase %esign %esign %ata %ictionary %etailed %escription %escription Screens
4. $%stem T estin, Testin, Te stin, 5. 'mlementtion 'mlementtio n n 'mlementtion n E+lution E+lution E+lution 6. Conclusion Conclusion 7ith 7ith -uture -uture Enhncement Enhncement Enhncement 8. Bilio,rh% 0
Divyangna
3
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
$9NO*$'$ The main aim of Online &$i' is to facilitate a $ser friendly enironment of (l$eboo" implementation and red$ces the man$al effort) *sers of the system are+ ar e+ ,) Teachers -) St$dents In past days .$i' is cond$cted man$ally b$t in f$rther resol$tion of the technology we are able to generate the score and pose the .$eries a$tomatically)) Sec$re access of confidential data/ better design to gie effectie (l$eboo" and flexible) Serice based architect$re will be highly desirable for f$t$re extension) Iss$es are to red$ce the man$al press$re and ma"e ma"e the pro0ect in effectie manner .
Techer is able to ma"e .$i' .$estions and ta"e a contest both) ($t st$dents
are are only able to gie a .$i') Their
res$lt is isible on the screen after the
s$ccessf$l completion of the .$i') (oth are able to as" any .$ery from the administrator and s$ggestion to improe the site)
The present pro0ect el$cidates the the following features.
4
• •
Registartion of Teachers and Students
• •
Making of Quiz
• •
Taking of Quiz
• •
Queries from sers
• •
!ontact From adminstrator
gie
any
Divyangna
5
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
System Development: The process of building s"stems has alwa"s been comple# with s"stem becoming larger$ the costs and comple#ities get multiplied. So the need for better methods for de%eloping s"stems is widel" recognized to be effecti%e and the applied model should meet a few basic re&uirements.
The model should be structured and co%er the entire s"stem de%elopment process from feasibilit" stud" to programming$ programming$ testing testing and and implementation.
The model should utilize established methods and techni&ues like database designs$ normalizations and structured programming techni&ues.
The model should consist of building blocks$ which define tasks$ results and interfaces.
The model should separate the logical s"stem from the ph"sical ph"sical s"stem. s"stem.
'ocumentation should be a direct result of the de%elopment work and should be concise$ precise and as non(redundant as possible.
)ased on the abo%e re&uirements of the s"stem model$ s"stem stud" has been made. *arious methodologies ha%e been applied for s"stem s"stem stud"$ e%ol%ing e%ol%ing design design documents$ data modeling$ input screen design and report design.
Pro ject: Project: The persons who are students can enhance and judge their knowledge from the online &uizes on the site. Teachers are able to make &uizes. Students and teachers can ask their &ueries in the site. The" are also able to contact the administrator with the help of the address gi%en in the the !ontact us us option.
6
Divyangna
8
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
$9$TE" ANAL9$'$
Preliminary Investigation:
First in the s"stem de%elopment process is preliminar" +n%estigation. Preliminar" +n%estigation is conducted in the following phases.
• •
Project clarification
• •
Feasibility study
• •
Project appraisal
Project clarification is the process of selecting a project re&uest for further stud". ,hen a s"stem de%elopment or modification re&uest is made$ the first s"stems acti%it"$ the preliminar" in%estigation$ begins the acti%it" has three parts- Re&uest clarification$ feasibilit" stud" and project appraisal. Man" re&uest from emplo"ees and users in organization are not clearl" stated. Therefore before an" s"stems in%estigation can be considered$ the project re&uest must be e#amined to determine preciousl" what the originator wants. This is called Re&uest clarification. s important outcome of the preliminar" in%estigation is the determination that the s"stem re&uest in feasible.
Feasibility Study:
The feasibilit" stud" is performed to determine whether the proposed s"stem is %iable considering the Technical$ /perational and 0conomical factors. fter going through feasibilit" stud" we can ha%e a clear(cut %iew of the s"stem1s benefits and drawbacks.
1:
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Technical Feasibility: The proposed s"stem is de%eloped using cti%e Ser%er Page$ *) Script and 2TM3 as front(end tool and /racle 4 as the back end. The The proposed s"stem needs a Personal Personal ,eb ,eb Ser%er to ser%e the re&uests submitted b" the users. The ,eb browser is used to %iew the web page that is a%ailable within the ,indows operating s"stem itself. The proposed s"stem will run under ,in5#$ 6T$ and win7888 en%ironment. s ,indows is %er" user friendl" and 9+ /S it is %er" eas" to use. ll the re&uired hardware and software are readil" a%ailable in the market. 2ence the s"stem is technicall" feasible.
Operational Feasibility: The proposed s"stem is operationall" feasible because of the following reasons.
The customer is benefited more as most of his time is sa%ed. The customer is ser%iced at his place of work.
The cost of the proposed s"stem is almost negligible when compared to the benefits gained.
Economical Feasibility: s the necessar" hardware and software are a%ailable in the market at a low cost$ the initial in%estment is the onl" cost incurred and does not need an" further enhancements. 2ence it is economicall" feasible. The s"stem is feasible in all respects and hence it encourages taking up the s"stem design.
athering Information: The anal"sis through collection of data pla"s the wider role in in the the anal"sis anal"sis of of the the s"stem. So the data is collected at different le%els of management management to keep track track of full information of the s"stem. The collection of data is done from( :. Top 3e%el Management 7. Middle 3e%el Management
11
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
;. 3ow 3e%el Management 'ifferent methods used to collect the data-
!uestioners: The data is collected through &uestioners b" filling a set of &uestions from the different le%els of management. The &uestions made b" &uestioners are three different different t"pes. The" are( :. Structured questioners: 2. Unstructured questioners: 3. Semi-structured questionersquestioners-
Intervie"s: +nter%iews were conducted to collect the information. The inter%iews were conducted at two le%els. :. Formal Group Interviews: the inter%iews inter%iews conducted for for formal formal groups i.e.$ the hierarchical
i.e.$ the groups formed outside outside the compan".
Observation:
The data is also collected b" obser%ation of the firm. The data is collected b" obser%ing on the site at different timings and at different situations like when the firm is bus" and when the firm hasn1t much work to do.
#ecord #evie":
To collect the data and to get a clear idea of the firm some of the data is also collected from the past records of the firm. This information helps %er" much to get a clear idea of the firm i.e.$ the different problems occurred in different seasons and some e#ception conditions. This %er" much gi%es a clear idea of e#ceptional conditions.
12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
System Study: Present system: In the e#isted s"stem$ &uz &uestions are pro%ided in a page to the students. Their is no timing set for the &uiz &uestions. The teachers ha%e to check the &ustions b" themsel%es. Their work becomes hactic.
Problem in Existing System1 • •
There is no scope for teams to play)
• •
All the .$estions will be displayed at a time)
• •
The winners are not allowed to pla" another round.
• •
There is no &uestion of negati%e marking and marks.
• •
These &uizes are not so much interacti%e to the students.
Proposed system:
Proposed system system proides a sol$tion to existing system system by by extending its facilities as follows+ • •
There is a scope of any n$mber of topics on which the .$i'es are made)
• •
There is a chance of answering the .$stions and edit it before the s$bmission of the .$i')
• •
Finally the scores of the .$i' are calc$lated)
1#
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
$imitation: • •
+n this projects there are no team contests.
• •
The students and teachers are able to judge their knowledge but can not be able to campare them with others.
10
Divyangna
13
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
$9$TE" EQ;'E"ENT$
Soft"are Environment: Software 0n%ironment is a technical specification of re&uirement of software product. This specifies the en%ironment for de%elopment$ operation and maintenance of the product.
Technolog" used• •
2ttp
• •
2ttp )asics
• •
ja%a
• •
/racle ::
• •
SQ3
• •
2TM3
• •
>a%ascript
• •
!SS
• •
Ser%let
• •
>a%a Ser%er Pages <>SP=
%TTP: The 2"perte#t Transfer Protocol is stateless$ T!P?+P based protocol used for communicating on the ,orld ,ide ,eb. 2TTP defines the precise manner in which ,eb clients communicate with ,eb ser%ers. 2TTP?:.8 is the most common %ersion in use toda". /ddl" enough$ this protocol is not officiall" recognized as an +nternet standard. +t is documented in the informational RF! :5@A. +ts successor$ 2TTP?:.:$ is currentl" currentl" a proposed +nternet standard and man" browsers and ser%ers now support this new %ersion.
14
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
%TTP &asics: The 2TTP protocol follows a %er" %er" simple simple re&uest?response re&uest?response paradigm. +n short$ short$ aa con%ersation between a ,eb browser and ,eb ser%er goes something like this- the client opens a connection to the ser%er$ the client makes a re&uest to the ser%er$ the ser%er responds to the re&uest$ and the connection is closed. The four stages of a simple ,eb transaction
The client opens a connection to the ser%er.
The client makes a re&uest to the ser%er.
The ser%er responds to the re&uest.
The connection is closed.
!lient opens a connection !lient Sends Re&uest
CLIENT
Ser%er Responds
WEB SERVER
!onnection !losed
'onnectionless Protocol: 2TTP is a connectionless protocol. s "ou ma" ha%e guessed$ the difference between a connectionless and a connection(oriented protocol is in the wa" the" handle connections. sing a connectionless protocol$ the client opens a connection with the ser%er$ sends a re&uest$ recei%es a response$ and closes the connection. 0ach re&uest re&uires its own connection. ,ith a connection(oriented protocol$ the client connects to the ser%er$ sends a
15
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
re&uest$ recei%es response$ and then holds the connection open in order to ser%ice future re&uests.
The connectionless nature of 2TTP is both strength and a weakness. )ecause it holds a connection open onl" long enough to ser%ice the re&uest$ %er" few ser%er resources are re&uired to ser%ice large numbers of users. +n fact man" popular ,eb sites ser%ice millions of users in a single da". The drawback to a connectionless protocol is that a connection must be established with e%er" re&uest. /pening a new connection with each re&uest incurs a performance penalt" that translates into additional dela"s for the the user. lternati%el"$ a connectionless protocol such as FTP has a strong performance ad%antage o%er a connectionless protocol. This is due to the fact that the o%erhead re&uired to open a new connection is incurred onl" once rather than with e%er" re&uest. nfortunatel"$ each open connection consumes some amount of ser%er resources. These finite resources$ such as memor" and disk space$ limit the number of concurrent users the ser%er can handle. +n contrast to a ,eb site$ an FTP site can rarel" support more than a few hundred users at a time.
Stateless Protocol:
s stated in the definition$ 2TTP is a stateless protocol. protocol is said to be stateless if it has no memor" of prior connections and cannot distinguish one client1s re&uest from that of another. +n contrast$ FTP is a stateful protocol$ because the connection is not opened and closed with e%er" re&uest. fter the initial login$ the FTP ser%er maintains the user1s credentials throughout the session. /n the other hand$ due to its stateless nature$ there is no inherent method in 2TTP for tracking a client1s tra%ersal of a ,eb site. 0%er" connection is a new re&uest from an anon"mous client. The stateless nature of 2TTP is both strength and a weakness. +t is strength in that its stateless nature keeps the protocol simple and straightforward. +t also consumes fewer resources on the ser%er and can support more simultaneous users since there are no client credentials and connections to maintain. The disad%antage is in the o%erhead re&uired to create a new connection with each re&uest and the inabilit" to track a single user as he tra%erses a ,eb site.
16
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
(ava:
2aa lang$age is platform independent if it does not hae any dependency on the operating system) *s$ally dependency on the O3S is created+1 ,) At the time of deelopment by ino"ing O3S library f$nctions from the application/ -) At the time of compilation by following O3S specific format in co mpiled code/ and 4) At the time of exec$tion by $sing the O3S for la$nching the application) That is/ a 5ang$age is platform independent independent if+1 if+1 ,) It is compiled in a platform m$t$al manner) -) 5ang$age proides its own r$ntime enironment for the exec$tion of its application) 4) 5ang$age proides a comprehensie library for the application deelopers to deelop all types of application witho$t $sing the O3S co ncern) concern)
(ava Server Pages:
Short for J ava serer1side technology/ technology/ 2aa Serer Pages are an extension to the ava S erver erver P age age) A serer1side 2aa serlet 2aa serlet technology that was deeloped by S$n) S$n) 2SPs hae dynamic scripting capability that wor"s in tande m with#T65 code/ code/ separating the page logic from the static elements 11 the act$al design and display of the page 11 to help ma"e the #T65 more f$nctional7i)e) dynamic database .$eries8) A 2SP is translated into 2aa serlet before being r$n/ and it processes #TTP re.$ests and generates responses li"e any serlet) #oweer/ 2SP technology proides a more conenient wa wayy to code a serlet) Translation occ$rs the first time the application is r$n) A 2SP translator is triggered by the )0sp file name extension in a *R5) 2SPs are f$lly interoperable with serlets) 9o$ can incl$de o$tp$t from a serlet or forward forward the the o$tp$t o$tp$t to to aa serlet/ serlet/ and and aa serlet serletcan canincl$de incl$de o$tp$t from a 2SP or forward o$tp$t to a 2SP) 2SPs are not restricted to any specific platform or serer) It was orignially created as an alternatie to 6icrosoft:sASPs 7Actie 7Actie Serer Pages8) Pages8) Recently/ Recently/ howeer/ 6icrosoft has co$ntered 2SP technology with its own ASP);ET initiatie) own ASP);ET// part of the );ET the );ET initiatie)
18
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
)hy to use (ava * : • •
Ex cel l entt ool i ng:I DE,CI ,et c .
• •
Vas tar r ayof3r dpar t yl i br ar i es . .
• •
Hu geamo u n t o fd o c n t a t i o na v ai l ab l e . u t o ume n l
• •
Lar gepool ofde v el oper sa v a i l abl e. v a
• •
Pl at f or m ubi qui t ous .
• •
Ex c el l entper f or manc e.
• •
Ex cel l ents pec i fi cat i on.
• •
St ur dygar bagecol l ec t i on.
• •
Manage dmemor y . e
• •
Nat i v et hr eads .
• •
Ch oi c e-i mp l e me nt e db ymu l t i p l ev e nd or s .
>a%a is platform independent language. +t can be used for !lient Side programming as well as Se%er Side Programming.
)hy to use (SP* :
In the early days of the !eb/ the Common
perl from Apache/ ;SAPI from ;etscape/ ISAPI from 6icrosoft/ and 2aa Serlets from S$n 6icrosystems/ hae been created oer the years) !hile these sol$tions offer better performance and scalability/ all of these technologies s$ffer from a common problem+ they generate web pages by embedding #T65 directly in programming lang$age code) This p$shes the creation of dynamic web pages excl$siely into the realm of programmers) 2aaSerer Pages/ howeer/ changes all that)
2:
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Oracle ++: /racle is a comprehensi%e operating en%ironment that packs the power of a mainframe Relational 'atabase Management s"stem into user microcomputer. +t pro%ides a set of functional programs that user can use as tools to build structures and perform tasks$ became applications de%eloped in oracle are completel" portable to other %ersions of the programmer who can create a comple# application in a single user en%ironment and then mo%e it to a multi user platform. ser do not ha%e to be an e#pert to appreciate oracle but the better user understands the program$ the producti%el" and creati%el" can use the tools it pro%ides. Support for 'ODD,S #ules: /racle supports the following rules of Dr-E-F-'oddRule:- +nformation Rule
B0S
Rule7- 9uaranteed ccess
B0S
Rule;- S"stematic Representation of missing information
B0S
Rule@- !omprehensi%e /nline !atalogue
B0S
RuleA- !omprehensi%e 'ata Sub(3anguage
B0S
RuleC- *iew pdating
Partiall"
RuleD- 2igh le%el +nsert$ pdate$ 'elete
B0S
Rule4- Ph"sical 'ata +ndependence
Partiall"
Rule5- 3ogical 'ata +ndependence
Partiall" Partiall"
Rule:8- +ntegrit" +ndependence
Partiall"
Rule::- 'istribution 'ependence
B0S
Rule:7- 6on Sub%ersion
B0S
Features of Oracle:
+- Oracle is portable:
The oracle R')MS is a%ailable on wide range of platforms ranging from pc1s to super computers and as a multi(user network loadable module for 6o%ell 6etware. +f "ou run the same application on one s"stem "ou can run the same application on other s"stems without an" modifications.
21
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
.- Oracle is 'ompatible:
The /racle command can be used for !/M indicating with +)M$ ')?7$ Mainframe The R')MS$ which is different from /racle$ i.e.$ /racle is compatible with ')?7. /racle R')MS is a high performances fault tolerant ')MS$ which is speciall" designed for online transaction processing and for handling the large database applications.
/- Oracle #D&0S is available "ith t"o options:
/racle R')MS %ersion 4 with transaction processing option and oracle R')MS %ersion 4 without transaction processing option. /racle with transaction processing option offers three features$ which contributes to a %er" high le%el of transaction processing throughout.
S!$:
The name SQ3 stands for Structural Quer" 3anguage. SQ3 is a data access language$ like an" other language$ it is used for communication. SQ3 communicates with database manager. The database manager could be /racle$ +nformi#$ ')7 and SQ3 database. SQ3 is eas" to learn. 'espite the fact that SQ3 is a computer programming language$ it is much simpler than traditional programming language like !/)/3$ )S+!$ F/RTR6 or P+. This is due to the fact that SQ3 is a non(procedural language. SQ3 is one of the /racle facilities. +t is important to understand in each case its differences$ purpose and place in the /racle famil". o
SQ3 is the language used to access a relational database$ including /racle.
o
SQ3 Ma" be used with each of the /racle tools$ where access to the database is re&uired.
Overvie" of S!$:
22
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
database management s"stem re&uires a &uer" language to enable users to access data. Structured Quer" 3anguage
Features of S!$:
SQ3 is an 0nglish(like language. +t uses words such as select$ insert$ delete as part of its command set.
SQ3 is a non(procedural language- "ou specif" what information "ou re&uire$ not how to get it. +n other words$ SQ3 does not re&uire "ou to specif" the access method to the data. ll SQ3 statements use the &uer" optimizer E a part of the R')MS E to determine the fastest means of retrie%ing the specified data. This feature makes it easier for "ou to concentrate on obtaining the desired result.
SQ3 processes sets of records rather than a single record at a time. The most common form of a set of records is a table.
range of user including ')s$ application programmers$ programmers$ management personnel$ and man" other t"pes of end users can use SQ3.
2#
SQ3 pro%ides commands for a %ariet" of tasks including
Quer"ing data
+nserting$ updating and deleting rows in a table
!reating$ modif"ing and deleting database objects
!ontrolling access to the database and database objects
9uaranteeing database consistenc".
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
S!$ Processing 'apabilities: SQ3 is composed of a definition language a 'ata Manipulation 3anguage and a 'ata !ontrol 3anguage. These three languages support the complete spectrum of Relational 'ata processing acti%it". +n fact most SQ3 based product all access to the data through SQ3.
+- Data Definition $anguage: ''3 allows creation$ 'eletion and Modification of data data structure for bar s"stem. These structures include tables$ databases and inde#es. 0#- !reate$ 'rop and lter.
.- Data 0anipulation $anguage: These commands are used to manipulate the data in tables directl" or through %iews. There are four standard 'M3 statements. The" are select$ delete$ insert and update.
/- Data control language: These commands are used to control usage and access of data. The most commonl" found one1s will include grant$ grant$ re%oke. re%oke.
)hy to 1se* /racle greatl" supports R')MS features. lso it supports high securit" to the data and faster accessing accessing capabilit". +t can be run on a %ariet" of platforms and operating s"stems. /ne can de%elop an application easil" b" pro%iding user(friendl" en%ironment. The features of oracle are portabilit" and compatibilit".
%T0$: The e#tended reach of information and ser%ices to customers that the +nternet has enabled$ has created a new challenge for the de%eloper. The de%eloper should de%elop a user interface that is distributable$ a%ailable on multiple platforms and supports a wide range of client en%ironments from handheld wireless de%ices to high(end workstations. So to maintain a broad reach to client en%ironments and to achie%e greatest compatibilit" with all browsers$ this s"stem uses standard 2TM3.
20
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
2"per Te#t Markup 3anguage is the standard language for creating documents for the ,orld ,ide ,eb. n 2TM3 document is a te#t file$ which contains the elements$ in the form of tags that a web browser uses to displa" te#t$ multimedia objects$ and h"perlinks using 2TM3G we can format a document for displa" and add h"perlinks to other documents. The user interface has been designed in 2TM3 hence can be browsed in an" web browser. 'ascading Style Sheets: These ha%e been used to separate data form presentation. )" using these st"le sheets throughout the project$ a uniform look and feel can be maintained for all the 2TM3 elements and tags that ha%e been used in the project. +f there is an" re%amp the wa" the content has been presented in the website$ the changes can be made to the appropriate st"le sheet$ which will be reflected across all the st"le sheets.
(avaScript: (avaScript:
Until recently, Web-site design was limited by the cnstraints ! "T#L and C$I% &a'aScri(t is an easy-t-)se lang)age, de'el(ed by Netsca(e, which can be embedded in "T#L (ages t ma*e them mre interacti'e and dynamic% &a'aScri(t allws site designers with mderate (rgramming s*ills t add ca(abilities t their Web (ages, incl)ding instant )ser !eedbac*, ad'anced !rm (rcessing, ((-)( windws, ad'anced !rame a((licatins, and m)ch mre% +) learn the basic elements ! the &a'aScri(t lang)age and se'eral techni)es t ta*e y)r Web (ages t the net le'el% .rere)isite/ 0amiliarity with "T#L and Web (age design% Sme (rgramming e(erience in C, Vis)al Basic, r the e)i'alent%
23
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
WOK'N! EN<'ON"ENT
%ard"are 'onfiguration:
Processor Processor
-
!ore iA
RM RM
-
@9) RM
2ard 'isk 'ri%e 2ard
-
@88 9) 2''
He"board He"board
-
:8@ ke"s
Mouse
-
3ogitech Mouse
Monitor Monitor
-
3aptop
'ispla" T"pe 'ispla"
-
3!'
/perating S"stem
-
,indows D<2ome )asic=
,eb ser%er
-
pache Tomcat 4.8.; pache
,eb )rowser
-
9oogle !hrome
'esigning Tool <+'0=
-
6et)eans +'0 4
Ser%er Side Scripting
-
>a%a
!lient Side Scripting
-
)ackend
-
Soft"are 'onfiguration:
24
ja%ascript$ >SP$ ser%let /racle :@
Divyangna
25
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
$9$TE" E$'!N
Introduction to System Design: S"stem design is the process of planning a new s"stem or to replace the e#isting s"stem. Simpl"$ s"stem design is like the blueprint for building$ it specifies all the features that are to be in the finished product. S"stem design phase follows s"stem anal"sis phase. 'esign is concerned concerned with identif"ing functions$ data streams among those functions$ maintaining a record of the design decisions and pro%iding a blueprint the implementation phase. 'esign is the bridge between s"stem anal"sis and s"stem implementation. Some of the essential fundamental concepts in%ol%ed in the design of application software are• •
bstraction
• •
Modularit"
• •
*erification
is used to construct solutions to problem without ha%ing to take 2bstraction is account of the intricate details of the %arious component sub problems. bstraction allows s"stem designer to make step(wise refinement$ which at each stage of the design ma" ma" hide$ hide$ unnecessar" details associated with representation or implementation from the surrounding en%ironment. 0odularity is concerned with with decomposing of main module into well(defined well(defined manageable units with well(defined interfaces among the units. This enhances design clarit"$ clarit"$ which in turn eases implementation$ 'ebugging$ Testing$ 'ocumenting and and Maintenance of the software product. Modularit" %iewed in this sense is a %ital tool in the construction of large software projects. 3erification is fundamental concept in software design. design is %erifiable if it can be demonstrated that the design will result in implementation that satisfies the customer1s re&uirements. *erification is of two t"pes namel".
26
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
• •
*erification that the software re&uirements anal"sis satisfies the customer1s
• •
*erification that the design satisfies the re&uirement anal"sis.
needs.
Some of the important factors of &ualit" that are to be considered in the design of application software are#eliability: The software should beha%e strictl" according to the original specification and should function smoothl" under normal conditions. E4tensibility: The software should be capable of adapting easil" to changes in the specification. #eusability: The software should be de%eloped using a modular approach$ which permits modules to be reused b" other application$ if possible. The S"stem 'esign briefl" describes the concept of s"stem design and it contains four sections. The first section briefl" describes the features that the s"stem is going to pro%ide to the user and the outputs that the proposed s"stem is going to offer. The second section namel" 3ogical 'esign describes the 'ata Flow 'iagrams$ which show clearl" the data mo%ements$ the processes and the data sources$ and sinks$ 0(R diagrams which represent the o%erall logical design of the database$ and high(le%el process structure of the s"stem. The process of design in%ol%es Iconcei%ing and planning out in the mindJ and making a drawing pattern$ or sketch of the s"stem. +n software design there are two t"pes of major acti%ities$ !onceptual 'esign and 'etailed 'esign. !onceptual or logical or e#ternal design of software in%ol%es concei%ing$ planning out$ and specif"ing the e#ternall" obser%able characteristics of a software product. These characteristics include user displa"s$ e#ternal data sources$ functional characteristics and high(le%el process structure for the product.
28
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
'etails or internal design in%ol%es concei%ing$ planning out$ and specif"ing the internal structure and processing details of the software product. The goal of internal design is to specif" internal structure$ processing details$ blueprint of implementation$ testing$ and maintenance acti%ities. /ne of the important fundamental concepts of software design is modularit". modularit". modularit" s"stem consists interfaces among the units. Modularit" enhances design clarit"$ which in turn eases implementation$ debugging$ testing$ documentation$ and maintenance of the software product. The other fundamental concepts of software design include abstraction$ structure$ information
hiding$
concurrenc"
and
%erification.
The
use
of
structuring
permits
decomposition of a large s"stem s"stem into into smaller$ more manageable units with well(defined relationships to the other units. The s"stem design is %erifiable if it can be demonstrated that the design will result in an implementation that satisfies the customer1s re&uirements. Preliminary Design: Preliminar" design is basicall" concerned with deri%ing an o%erall picture picture of the s"stem. 'eri%ing entire s"stem into modules and sub(modules while keeping !ohesion and !oupling factors in mind. Tools$ which assist in preliminar" design process$ are 'ata Flow 'iagrams. 'ode design: The purpose of code is to facilitate facilitate the identification identification and retrie%al for items items of information.
code is an ordered ordered collection of s"mbols s"mbols designed designed to pro%ide pro%ide uni&ue
identification of an entit" or attribute. To achie%e uni&ue identification there must be onl" one place where the identified entit" or the attribute can be entered in the codeG con%ersel" there must be a place in the code for e%er" thing that is to be identified. This mutuall" e#clusi%e feature must be built into an" coding s"stem. The codes for this s"stem are designed with two features in mind. /ptimum human oriented use and machine efficienc". 3ength of the code range from length of one to length of fi%e characteristicscharacteristics
The code structure is uni&ueG ensuring that onl" one %alue of the code with a
single meaning ma" be correctl" applied to a gi%en entit" or attributes.
#:
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
The code structure is e#pansible allowing for growth of its set of entities and
attributes.
The code is concise and brief for recording$ communication$ transmission and
storage efficiencies.
The" ha%e a uniform size and format.
The codes are simple so that the user can easil" understand it.
The codes are also %ersatile i.e.$ it is eas" to modif" to reflect necessar"
changers in condition$ chart eristic and relationships of the encode entities.
The codes are also easil" storable for producing reports in a predetermined
order of format.
The codes are also stable and do not re&uire re&uire being fre&uentl" updated
thereb" promoting user efficienc".
The codes are also meaningful.
The" are also operable i.e.$ the" are ade&uate for present and anticipate data
processing both for machine and human use.
Input Design: +nput design is a a part of o%erall s"stem design$ which re&uires %er" careful attention. The main objecti%es of input design are
To produce produce aa cost(effecti%e cost(effecti%e method method of input.
To achie%e the highest possible le%el of accurac".
To ensure that the input is acceptable to and understood b" the user staff. staff. +n this s"stem input screens are designed %er" carefull" so that no inaccurate
data will enter the database. The data is made as eas" as possible. For simplif"ing the data entr" man" facilities are gi gi%en. %en. 0ach and e%er" screen in this s"stem is facilitated b" man" pushbuttons so that the user can easil" work with this s"stem.
#1
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Output Design: /utputs from computer s"stems are re&uired primaril" to communicate the results of processing to users.
The" are also to pro%ide pro%ide a permanent hard cop" of these results for
later consultation. The %arious t"pes of outputs are re&uired b" this s"stem are gi%en below
0#ternal outputs$ whose destination is outside the concern and which re&uire
special attention because the"$ project the image of the concern.
+nternal outputs$ whose destination is within the concern and which re&uire
careful design because the" are the user1s main interface within the computer.
/peration outputs$ whose use is purel" within the computer department$
0.g.$ program listings$ usage statistics etc$
+nteracti%e outputs$ which in%ol%es the user in communicating directl" with
the computers.
#2
Divyangna
##
ECE-22/12
Divyangna S ystem - Flow Diagram: System
#0
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
#3
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
#4
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
#5
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
ATABA$E E$'!N
'atabase is an integrated collection of data and pro%ides a centralized access to the the data and makes possible to treat data as a separate resource. suall" centralized data managing software is called a Relational 'atabase Management S"stem
Data Dictionary:
The efficienc" of an application de%eloped using R')MS mainl" depend upon the database tables$ the fields in each table and the wa" the tables are opened using the contents in them to retrie%e the necessar" information. 2ence a careful careful selection of tables and their fields are imperati%e.
The database tables used in this s"stem are created keeping the abo%e points in mind. The tables used are gi%en below.
#6
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Detailed Description:
1. QuizContct= QuizContct= -iel Nme ;ame Email Phone 6essage
-iel T%e ?archar archar int ?archar
-iel Len,th @ ,
B
2. Quiz'n/o= -iel Nme S$b0ect &$i';ame
-iel T%e ?archar ?archar
-iel Len,th - 4
#. QuizQ= -ielNme ;ame Email Phone &$estion
#8
-iel T%e ?archar ?archar int ?archar
-iel Len,th - @
4
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
0. QuizQues= -ielNme &$estion Option, OptionOption4 OptionB Answer &$i';ame &I%7Primary "ey8 %escription
-ielT%e ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar
-iel Len,th B B B B B B B B B
3. Quize,ister= Quize,ister= -ielNme *ser;ame *serpass Category Email
0:
-ielT%e ?archar ?archar ?archar ?archar
-ielLen,th B B B B
Divyangna
01
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
#ow Online &$i' !or"s !elcome Page
Steps+ 02
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
,)To login thro$gh this form 9o$ hae to register first) If yo$ are already registered please login)
-)Registration+
Fill all the detail and do login) On filling incorrect detail+
0#
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
On filling correct %etail+
B) %epending $pon yo$r category yo$ can perform action accordingly) 00
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
B) !hen category as st$dent+ ,) can ta"e .$i' /by browsing the .$i's according to his interest/and clic" on ta"e .$i')
;ow clic" on the .$i' no) to start the .$i') 03
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
;ow choose yo$r answer and clic" on next/, .$estions will be appeared and after , .$estion .$i' .$i' is a$tomatically s$bmitted )and yo$r res$lt will be displayed as follows) 04
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
;ow yo$ can iew description abo$t each .$estion)
-) can as" .$estion by clic"ing on the lin" As" &$es)
05
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
4) can .$ery to admin by contact $s lin")
06
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
4) if yo$ clic" on ma"e .$i' lin" as an st$dent st$dent // yo$ can=t ma"e it)
@) when category as Teacher+ ,)9o$ can perform all the st$dent f$nctions and can ma"e .$i' also)
08
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
Enter the s$b0ect and clic" on create+
Enter the re.$ired field and clic" on next) After , .$estions it will be s$bmitted a$tomatically) 3:
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
31
Divyangna
32
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
SYSTEM TESTING S"stem testing is the stage before s"stem implementation where the s"stem is made error free and all the needed modifications are made. The s"stem was tested with test data and necessar" corrections to the s"stem were carried out. ll the reports were checked b" the user and appro%ed. The s"stem was %er" user friendl" with online help to assist the user where%er necessar".
Test Plan: test plan is a general document for the entire project$ which defines the scope$ approach to be taken$ and schedule of testing$ as well as identif"ing the test item for the entire testing process$ and the personal responsible for the different acti%ities of testing. This document describes the plan for testing$ the knowledge management tool. Major testing acti%ities are
Test units
Features to be tested
pproach for testing
Test deli%erables
Schedule
Personal allocation
Test units: Test !ase specification is major acti%it" in the testing process. +n this project$ + ha%e performed two le%els of testing.
nit testing
S"stem testing
The basic units in nit testing are-
3#
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
*alidating the user re&uest
*alidating the input gi%en b" the user
0#ception handling The basic units in S"stem testing are-
+ntegration of all programs is correct or not
!hecking whether the entire s"stem after integrating is working as e#pected.
The s"stem is tested as whole after the unit unit testing.
Other Testing Strategies: 2lpha Testing: This was done at the de%eloper1s site b" a customer.
The software is used in a
natural setting with the de%eloper Ilooking o%er the shoulderJ of the user and recording errors and usage problems. lpha tests are conducted in a controlled en%ironment. &eta Testing: This was conducted at one or more customer sites b" the end(user of of the the software. software. nlike alpha testing$ the de%eloper is generall" not present. Therefore$ the beta test is a Ili%eJ application of the software in an en%ironment that cannot be controlled b" the de%eloper. The customer records all problems that are encountered during beta testing and reports these to the de%eloper at regular inter%als. s a result of problems reported during beta tests$ software engineers make modifications modifications and then prepare for release of the software product to the entire customer base.
Test deliverables: The following documents are re&uired besides the test plan
nit test report for each unit
Test case case specification specification for s"stem testing
The report for s"stem testing
0rror report
30
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
The test case specification for s"stem testing has to be submitted for re%iew before the s"stem testing commences.
33
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
'uring the software(testing phase each module of software is thoroughl" tested for bugs and for accurac" of output. The s"stem de%eloped is %er" user(friendl" and the detailed documentation documentation is is also gi%en to to the user as as online online help help where%er where%er necessar". necessar". The implementation phase normall" ends with the formal test in%ol%ing all the components. components. The entire s"stem was de%eloped using the SP$ 2TM3$ >a%aScript$ Personal ,eb Ser%er$ and /racle 4 as back end. The 2TM3 is used to design the web page. The Personal ,eb them. The ,eb Ser%er is is used to understand the client1s re&uest and to send response to them. *)Script are used for client(side %alidations so that the user can enter onl" appropriate input in the input fields. The /racle 4 is the back end tool where the database resides. 2ence the design of the entire s"stem is user(friendl" and simple the implementation has been &uite eas".
34
Divyangna
35
ECE-22/12
Divyangna
ECE-22/12
CONCL;$'ON
This project has gi%en me an ample opportunit" to design$ code$ test and implements implements an an application. application. This This has has helped helped in putting into practice of %arious Software 0ngineering principles and 'atabase Management concepts like maintaining integrit" and consistenc" of data. Further$ this has helped me to learn more about /R!30 ::$ ja%a 4.8$ 2TM3$ >a%aScript$ dobe Photoshop D.8 and pache Tomcat ,eb Ser%er. + thank m" guide for his his in%aluable contribution in guiding me through out the project.
+ also thank m" parents and friends who who ha%e ha%e supported and moti%ated me to
complete this project successfull".
-uture Enhncement=
36
