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One Bread One Body
Assess the view that China's One Child Policy brings more benefits than harms to the country. Facing the problem of overpopulation and the shortages of food and resources caused by the failure of Mao Ze ong's !reat "eap Forward and his birth campaigns# eng $iao Ping introduced the One Child Policy in %&( in tandem with his economic reforms to slow down China's population growth rate so that the burden on China's economy could be mitigated. Although the policy has brought about immediate benefits to China# there are far)reaching harms and implications to the policy and and its ramifications can still be seen in China even today. *his essay see+s to study the e,tent of positive and negative impacts the One Child Policy has on the Chinese society. -hether One Child Policy brings Policy brings more benefits to China or not cannot be udged solely by the /uantity of harm and benefit it brings0 the presence of 1ett benefit has to be ta+en into account. 2ven though the policy opens China to much harm that affects the country socially# politically and economically# both in the short term and the long term# the benefits that it brings override and supersede these harms by and large. *he One Child Policy is sine /ua non in reducing the socio)economic burdens of the citi3ens and the state. *he One Child Policy reduces the overpopulation problem of China so that more resources could be channeled into economic developments for the country. More of the country's resources could be used for investments in multi)national corporations and small and medium enterprises which will create more obs# encourage entrepreneurship and attract more foreign investments. Profits ra+e in from these investments could be used to improve healthcare# public facilities and infrastructures for the masses. A smaller population also alleviates the problem of famine and unemployment rate which in turn reduce crime rates. 4ince the implementation of One Child Policy# the per capita income has increased fourfold for each Chinese citi3en. 2,cess resources derived from the One Child Policy are essential for China to achieve better living standards. 5aving only to provide for one child# the saving rate of the nation has also increased. *his provides the economy with the much needed boost during global fmancial downturns as people now have more to spend# ma+ing the economy less susceptible to recessions. A more stabili3ed economy as a result of One Child Policy# together with its substantial mar+et si3e# ma+es China a suitable investment hub especially for manufacturing)related industries due to the surfeit of economies economies of scales that are available. *he infiltration of global lu,ury brands li+e !ucci# Prada and Apple is a testimony of this. *he policy also lightens public administrative costs. More of the country's budget can now be reallocated to enhance China's underdeveloped social infrastructures# ma+ing the standard of living in China higher. addition# One Child Policy also liberates women from their demanding traditional role as a child)bearing machine. -omen now gain greater socio)economic independence and ma+e more contributions to the country. 4ince each couple is only allowed to have one child at most# with a few e,ceptions# much attention has been refocused on career development and money)ma+ing. *he duty of ta+ing care of the child and raising the child has been largely left to grandparents# nannies# house+eepers or childcare centers. In
6eing better educated and financially independent# gender disparity within household has also ameliorated and females are beginning to see themselves as e/uals of men. After giving birth to their first child# women are generally free to pursue their career and this is instrumental in levitating the status of woman in China. 5owever# drastic implementation of the policy results in a rapidly ageing population which is detrimental to China's economic development. 4ince its implementation# China's average birthrate has dropped by 7.8 to %.9# which is much lower than the replacement rate of :.% 6y estimation# after :(8(# China's population would grey at an unprecedented rate even before the country's economy can reach the corresponding developed status. *his will cause China to lose its competitive edge in low)cost labour while state e,penditure would have to increase to ta+e care of aged fol+s. *his is e,tremely deleterious for China's economy because manufacturing and mining sectors have always been the twin pillar fuelling China economic growth. *hese industries re/uire large amount of man power which would be undermined by an ageing population. Moreover# this overburdens the wor+ing class as the rapidly rising cost of living is highly li+ely to disable the elderly from supporting themselves. 6y :(8(# the proportion of wor+ing class supporting the elderly is estimated to be :; % *he policy also contributes to gender disproportionality which upsets China's social stability. *he traditional preference for male offspring in rural areas leads to the birth of more males than females by many Chinese couples. are emotionally disturbed# suffering from depressions or thoughts of hostility. ?nhealthy competition as a result of this may breed a generation of self)centered and pragmatic youths that only care about themselves. Moreover# discriminatory practices of the One Child Policy lead to socio)political dissents. 4ince the penalty for bearing additional children is only the payment of fmes or
=social compensation fees=# the powerful and the rich in China are often able to evade the policy either by paying the fines directly# through guan,i# or by abusing their authorities. Also because of this# having more than one child has become a symbol of privileged status. *his worsens the problem of materialism in China and encourages people to bypass the law. 1umerous officials and successful businessmen have remarried ust to bear more than one child. *his emasculates the status of women in China as it reduces them to slightly more than a mean to procreation. As a result of harsher punishments in the inland provinces# the better educated middle class have also too+ to the streets to protest against the unfair practices of the One Child Policy as it seems to propose that having more than one child is a privilege that could only be enoyed by the well)to)do. 6uilt on the other unhappiness the people already have of the government# such socio political dissents are li+ely to unsettle the political stability of the country in the long run.
can therefore be seen that despite the long term repercussions One Child Policy brings# it continues to benefit the Chinese economy in immense ways even today. All in all# as long the One Child Policy continues to serve its purpose of curbing the oversi3e population of China and support economic growth# the harms would be by and large offset and there would be more benefits than harms to the policy. It
