OMS1664 Topic 1 - 1_3DocGuide

OMS1664 Topic 1: Documentation Guide Release 1.3

THIS DOCUMENT IS UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

Table of Contents Table of Contents...........................................................................1 Chapter 1: This Topic ....................................................................3 1.1

Introduction ................................................................................. 3 Topic 1 - Documentation Guide (This Topic)....................................................... 3 Topic 2 - Safety.................................................................................................... 3 Topic 3 - Equipment Description.......................................................................... 3 Topic 4 - Installation Guide .................................................................................. 3 Topic 5 - Operating Procedures........................................................................... 4 Topic 6 - Maintenance and Fault Management ................................................... 4

Chapter 2: Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment ...............5 Chapter 3: Ordering Documentation Copies................................7 Chapter 4: Workstation Safety Information..................................9 4.1

General Environment .................................................................. 9

4.2

Operator Environment ................................................................ 9

4.3

User Interface Colour Scheme ................................................... 9

4.4

Rest Breaks.................................................................................. 9

Marconi Copyright- Refer to title page

Topic 1 Page 1

1PHA60128AAU Issue 04

OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Contents

Chapter 5: Glossary of Terms ..................................................... 11 Chapter 6: List of Abbreviations ................................................. 31


Topic 1 Page 2


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide This Topic

Chapter 1: This Topic 1.1

Introduction This book describes Marconi’s OMS1664 family of add-drop multiplexers. This book is made up of the six sections described below. All readers must read the Workstation Safety Information in Chapter 4: of this topic, and the Regulatory and Safety Information contained in Topic 2. All readers of the book are assumed to be trained telecommunications engineers or support staff who have received adequate telecommunications training. All readers are also assumed to be reasonably proficient in the use of computers and to be familiar with common operating systems such as Windows.

Topic 1 - Documentation Guide (This Topic) This topic briefly describes the contents and target audience of the six topics that make up the OMS1664 multiplexer manual, and how to order further copies of the documentation. This topic also contains information that applies to the product as a whole, including a glossary and list of abbreviations used throughout the book. This topic is written for all readers.

Topic 2 - Safety This topic describes all regulatory and safety related information. All readers or users of the equipment must acquaint themselves with the safety issues. This topic is also available as a stand-alone document (see Chapter 3:). This topic is written for all users.

Topic 3 - Equipment Description This topic describes the hardware and software that comprise the OMS1664 family of NEs. This topic is written for all users of the equipment.

Topic 4 - Installation Guide This topic describes the initial Installation procedures of the OMS1664 hardware or software at site. The topic covers the front faces, LEDs and interfaces of the cards and LTUs that make up an NE.


Topic 1 Page 3


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide This Topic It also:

·

Contains basic information concerning the installation of racks and sub-racks of an NE

·

Describes the powering-up of an NE

·

Covers the installation on a PC of the LCT software that will be used in the commissioning process described in Topic 5.

This topic is written for installation staff. For software, it only covers installation of the LCT software onto the LCT PC.

Topic 5 - Operating Procedures This topic describes instructions required to operate the associated software. This includes all software based commissioning as well as any provisioning procedures - that is, those procedures to create connections, cross-connections and suchlike. This topic is written for network operators, installation and maintenance staff who need to perform procedural tasks.

Topic 6 - Maintenance and Fault Management This topic describes maintenance procedures, both routine and as-required maintenance. It also lists the faults and alarms that you may encounter with the OMS1664 and gives information on how to manage and rectify faults. This topic is written for maintenance staff.


Topic 1 Page 4


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment

Chapter 2: Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment Repairing individual units and cards in this equipment is not practical without factory facilities. It is, therefore, the policy of Marconi plc., to offer a service whereby faulty units or cards are returned to the company for repair. To return equipment for repair, contact your sales representative.

WARNING! Equipment returned in sub-standard packaging will likely sustain further damage in transit, which will be your responsibility. To avoid incurring costs due to damage in transit, be sure to pack the items carefully and arrange appropriate transport for them. If you do not have the original packaging to return an item, make sure the returned items are packed securely and handled in an appropriate manner.


Topic 1 Page 5


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Servicing Policy and Return Of Equipment

Blank Page


Topic 1 Page 6


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Ordering Documentation Copies

Chapter 3: Ordering Documentation Copies To order further copies of this documentation, please contact your sales representative and follow the same order procedure as for any other OMS1664 part. Topic 2, Safety, contains essential safety instructions for the main equipment and is also published on the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site as a standalone document.

The Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site To access the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site, copy the following URL into your web browser: http://www.marconi.com/html/products/essentialsafetyinformation.htm The account name and password for this site are both safety. The latest copies of essential safety documents are free to download from this web site. Consult the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site before starting any work on the equipment to make sure that the safety information you are working from is the latest. Updates to safety information are published on the Marconi Essential Safety Information Web Site before inclusion in the technical manual.


Topic 1 Page 7


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Ordering Documentation Copies

Blank Page


Topic 1 Page 8


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Workstation Safety Information

Chapter 4: Workstation Safety Information 4.1

General Environment The environment in which any workstation is operated may have an adverse affect on the efficiency, effectiveness and comfort of the operator. The following recommendations are therefore provided to ensure that the operator environment supports optimum operator performance.

4.2

Operator Environment The Operator environment should meet appropriate Health and Safety standards, with particular regard to the following:

4.3

·

General operator environment (for example space, lighting, reflections/glare, noise, heat, radiation and humidity).

·

Equipment (for example, display screen, keyboard, pointing device, work desk/surface, work chair).

·

Daily work routine of operators.

·

Interface between operators and workstations.

·

Eyes and eyesight of operators.

·

Health and Safety Information, and Training.

User Interface Colour Scheme Workstation user interface colour schemes have been selected to support correct identification by the majority of users. Colour schemes may not support all types and degrees of colour deficiency.

4.4

Rest Breaks Operators should take regular rest breaks.


Topic 1 Page 9


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Workstation Safety Information

Blank Page


Topic 1 Page 10


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide Glossary of Terms

Chapter 5: Glossary of Terms A Access Network

A system implemented between the Local Exchange(LE) and user, replacing part or whole of the local line distribution network

Acknowledge

An action by an operator to confirm that an event or alarm condition has been noted. The alarm state then becomes Acknowledged.

Acknowledged

An alarm state applied to individual alarms from the Local Terminal (LCT) or EM (ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36)). Receive attention is applied to all other unserviced alarms as a secondary action.

Add-Drop Multiplexer

(ADMUX) -Transmission equipment through which a number of lower bit-rate channels may be passed in two directions, as a single higher bit-rate channel in each direction. Lower bit-rate channels may be added or removed through local traffic interfaces.

Adjacency

A relationship formed between selected neighbouring routers and end nodes to exchange routing information.

Administration

Functions that allow management of human and other resources.

Administrative Unit

The information structure that adapts between the higher-order path and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload and a pointer that indicates the offset of the start of the payload frame relative to that of the multiplex frame.

Administrative Unit Group

One or more Administrative Units occupying fixed defined positions within an STM payload. An AUG consists of a homogeneous, byteinterleaved assembly of AU-3s or an AU-4.

Alarm

An audio/visual signal to an operator indicating the existence of an unsatisfactory condition, either within or detected by the equipment.

Alarm Bit Image

String of binary digits (bits), each bit representing the processed output from an individual fault detector. The identity of the originating fault detector is implied by the position of the bit in the string.

Alarm Configuration

The priority, inversion status and category of each possible fault as well as overall configuration.

Alarm Control Interface Unit

This is the NA name for the Alarm IO Unit.

Alarm Destination

The ultimate sink of alarm information. This can be the Element Manager, Local Terminal or an alarm log.

Alarm Event

This is an event raised on the system, and reported by it, following validation of a fault.

Alarm Indication Signal

An alarm signal transmitted in traffic, indicating that the source equipment has detected a fault in the transmitted traffic.

Alarm Log

An historical store showing changes of state of alarms together with a time stamp.


Topic 1 Page 11


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Alarm Management

These are functions of the system in which the detection, correction of network failures and real-time detection are managed such that threats to the normal operation of the network are avoided.

Alarm Severity

The category that defines the impact of an alarm on the network.

Alarm Source

The identity of the monitored entity with which the fault detector causing the alarm indication is associated. For example, STM-1 West, AU/VC-3 Number 2 West.

Alarm State

The defined state within the alarm life-cycle.

Alarm Type

The fault type detected by the fault detector that causes that alarm indication to be given.

AP Title

Part of the Communications Address.

Archive

This means to move to a long-term storage medium, rather than copy.

Available/Unavailable Timing Sources

A nominated timing source is available for synchronisation when there are no failure criteria associated with it, and any wait-to-restore period has finished. Consequently, an unavailable source has either failed or is undergoing a wait-to-restore period. The term 'available' and 'unavailable' are used when timing marker operation is disabled.

Available Time

Any time not deemed Unavailable Time (UAT)

Authority and Format Identifier

This is part of the Network Service Access Point address (see NSAP). AFI values are defined as X.213 for binary DSP syntax, and the following CCITT X.213 (ISO 8348) formats are supported: - X.121, this has a value of either 37 or 53 - ISO 3166, this has value of 39 - ISO 6253, this has value of 47.

B Bidirectional

When used in the context of protection, the switching of traffic in both directions of transmission for the section or trail. Also known as double-ended.

Binary Interleaved Parity

(BIP) - An error monitoring code.

Bit Error Rate

The rate of received data bits in error.

Block

A set of consecutive bits associated with a path; each bit belongs to one block only (ITU-T Recommendation G.826).

Block Error

A Block Error is counted whenever there are one or more BIP-n Errors detected in a BIP Check Block, a REI Count of one or more is detected, one or more CRC-n errors are detected in a CRC Check Block or a Frame word is detected as being in error.

Broadcast Address

A group address that by convention means ‘everyone’.

Broadcast Trail

A type of trail originating from a single source, which may be terminated at one or more trail sinks. Broadcast is achieved by fanning out from connection Termination Points, along the trail, which have the capability to support broadcast cross-connections. The return direction of a broadcast trail is blocked and unavailable for use.

Bus Topology

This is a network interconnection method in which all nodes are connected by a two-way bus. An arbitration process controls access to the bus. For example, Ethernet.


Topic 1 Page 12


OMS1664 Release 1.3


C Card Protection Group

A group of protected cards.

Category

This is an attribute assigned by an operator to each possible fault. This attribute is used by the local alarm scheme to determine the visual indication to be given to the operator with respect to the type of maintenance action required. This attribute is also used to determine whether a particular fault is monitored by the entire alarm-processing scheme.

Channel Associated Signalling

(CAS) - Call control signalling transmitted within the bandwidth of the call it controls; also known as in-band signalling. In T1 transmission, channel associated signalling is performed by bit robbing. Each channel has its own dedicated signalling sub– channel.

Channel Number

Identifies a particular protected or protection section in a 1:N or M:N protection group.

Circuit Metrics

Circuit Metrics are the positive integral values associated with ‘links’. The ‘links’ may be Ethernet, DCCm or DCCr, in an SDH network, and their default values are: Ethernet = 10, DCCm = 15 and DCCr = 20. As any link has two ends there is a metric value associated with each end. Separate metrics are used for Level-1 and Level-2 routing.

Clear

This is a change of state, from Active to Inactive, of an alarm that has been serviced. also The clearing of a protection switching command.

Client/Server

Defines the recursive dependency that exists between paths managed by the NCL. A section or trail may be referred to as a server. A server is able to support one or more client trails that are hierarchically dependent on that server.

Code Violation

An error that is counted whenever there are one or more BIP-n errors detected in a BIP.

Commissioning

This is the act of bringing a new multiplexer into a state where it is ready to be provisioned.

Common Channel Signalling (CCS)

Out–of–band signalling protocol for signalling between processor equipped switches using signalling channels that are separate from the from the users voice (or data) channels.

Concatenation

A procedure whereby a number of virtual containers are associated, with the result that their combined capacity can be used as a single container across which the bit-sequence is maintained.

Concatenation (Contiguous)

Used to form a larger payload from the combining of consecutive, smaller payloads.

Concatenation (Virtual)

Used to form a larger payload from the combining of spatially separated smaller payloads.

Connection

This is a transport entity that is capable of transferring information between connection termination-points.

Connectionless

A service in which data is presented, complete with a destination address, and the network delivers it on a best effort basis, independent of other data being exchanged between the same pair of users.


Topic 1 Page 13


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Connectionless Mode Network Service

The ISO term for the datagram network service layer.

Connectionless Network Layer Service

This is a service layer that allows the transport of a quantum of information. It requires being set up by a signalling or administrative procedure.

Connectionless Network Protocol

Connectionless Network Protocol CLNP (ISO8473), has been evolved for packet data transfer in network architectures that have multiple distributed paths. Data transfers between nodes have transient relationships one to another, that only last for the transfer of any particular Protocol Data Unit (PDU).

Connection Orientated

A service in which a connection set up procedure must be implemented before data can be exchanged between the same pair of users.

Consecutive Degraded Seconds Thresholds

CDEG seconds are an SD mechanism that work in a similar manner to USE except that a separate degraded second threshold is used in place of the SES. A CDEG SD alarm is generated if the monitored block/BIP errors counts are in excess of the Degraded Second threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a userconfigured On threshold. The alarm is cleared if the block/BIP errors are less than the Degraded Second threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured Off threshold.

Container

The information structure that forms the network-synchronous information payload for a virtual container.

Control Bus

A bus that connects the Multiplexer Controller to the traffic (line, tributary and switch) cards and the auxiliary card.

Cross-connection

This is a logical connection between two connection termination points on the same NE. Cross-connections may be fixed (as for some PDH multiplexers) or switchable (as in an SMA and/or CMUX).

Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds

A series of consecutive seconds in available time in which the number of Block Errors or Code Errors exceeds the threshold for SES. During Performance Monitoring, Severely Errored Seconds are a ‘subset‘ of Errored Seconds, that is, ES is still incremented if the second is declared a SES.

Cyclic Redundancy Check

This is an error detection scheme in which this block check character is the remainder when certain mathematical functions have been performed on the transmitted data.

D Data Communications Channel

This is a channel, within the section overhead, which is dedicated to data communications between NEs.

Data Country Code

This is the part of the NSAP address. Each country has a unique DCC.

Datagram

A self-contained entity of data carrying sufficient information to be routed from the source to the destination without reliance on earlier exchanges between the source and destination devices and/or the transporting network.

De-commission

The process by which you can reset the system parameters to a default, non-functional system state.

Defect

This is a condition, detected by an NE that indicates a fault. See further entries under Fault.


Topic 1 Page 14


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Defect Detector

A fault detector.

Defect Signal

See Fault Signal.

Defect Source

See Fault Source.

Defect Type

See Fault Type.

DEG Performance

A user configurable condition that may be generated when the number of consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (SES) for a particular Error Performance Monitored Entity exceeds a preset threshold. The DEG defaults are a half of SES default value used for USE.

Disabled Alarm

This is a traffic alarm, the source of which is a monitored entity that is not carrying traffic, or a card fault that has not been added to the equipment configuration.

Disconnected

A category that can be assigned to an alarm, which prevents that alarm raising indications on the end-of-shelf and rack alarm units.

Domain Gateway Network Element

See Gateway NE.

Domain ID

This is part of the NSAP. This is used for routing within a complete network and effectively forms the address for a particular ring or sub-network.

Domain Specific Part

(DSP) - This is part of the NSAP and contains four addressing parts. See: High Order Domain Specific Part (HO-DSP), Domain ID, System ID and NSAP Selector.

E Element Manager

This is the prime method of controlling an NE. It is a workstation that may communicate with, and control, all elements within a network.

Element Manager Interface

This is an interface (also known as ‘Q’ interface) provided by the communications card for the comms link between the equipment and the Element Manager.

EM-OS LAN

The LAN used to interconnect EM-OS to Gateway Elements.

Enabled Alarm

This is a traffic fault, the source of which is a monitored entity that is carrying traffic, or a card fault from a card that has been added to the multiplexer configuration.

End of Shelf Display

This is a module located at right hand end of the shelf, containing alarm indicators and the Receive Attention button.

Engineer Order Wire

A channel between NEs over which communication between maintenance staff is carried.

Entity

A logical partition, either of a traffic processing path or SMA hardware (STM-N, AU, HO Path, TU, LO Path, Port, Slot or Card).

Equipment Freerun

This is a mode of equipment operation where all traffic ports are timed from the equipment clock synchronised from its internal freerun oscillator.

Errored Block

This is a block in which one or more bits are in error (ITU-T Recommendation G.826).

Error Free Second

This is a one-second time period containing one or more blocks in which no bit errors occur.

Errored Second

This is any second in Available Time in which Block Errors (BEs) are detected.


Topic 1 Page 15


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Errored Seconds Clear

This defines a threshold for the ES count. In the particular Threshold Crossing Notification scheme where this is used, ES threshold crossing exception reporting is done only once until the ES count falls below this threshold in a 15 minute reporting period containing no UATs.

Errored Second Count

A cumulative count indicating the number of errored seconds in available time or a particular errored performance data reporting period.

Errored Second Ratio

The long term ratio of the number of errored seconds (in available time), to the total number of seconds in a measurement period.

Ethernet

A Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) LAN, developed by Xerox and standardised by Digital, Intel and Xerox.

ES-IS Protocol

As defined in ISO 9542, the protocol for handshaking between routers and end nodes and for mapping network layer addresses to data link layer addresses.

External Network

A source and sink of traffic not under the control of EM-OS.

F Fallback Mode

Stand-alone operation due to absence or failure of the EM. In this mode, the LCT assumes the control of the NE.

Fallback Working Mode

One of two equipment working modes. It indicates that either the communications link between the equipment and the EM has failed, or the element manager has read-only access (EM_Control is disabled).

Far End Block Error

The occurrence of errors (CVs) in a BIP Check Block signalled back to the remote end as a count (Higher Order Path) or as a single bit flag (Lower Order).

Far End Receive Fail

An Indication sent over Multiplex Section, Higher Order and Lower Order Paths to indicate failure of the receive data.

Fault

This is a condition, detected by an NE, which indicates a fault.

Fault Detector

A circuit that detects either the occurrence or subsidence of a particular fault condition.

Fault Event

A condition, detected by a NE, which indicates a fault.

Fault Signal

The output of a fault detector.

Fault Source

That attribute of a fault that identifies the entity being monitored by a particular fault detector.

Fault Type

A specific condition that requires a unique type of fault detector to detect it, for example LOS, AIS, etc.

Fibre Channel

Synchronous Transport Module.

F Interface

This is a communications interface between an NE and its LCT or workstation.

Fixed Window Processing

Performance processing in which the aggregation period is of fixed length and starts at fixed times. Examples of these are the 15minute and 24-hour performance records.

Forced Switch to Protected

The operator countermands the protection system instruction to switch to protection, thus reverting to protected.

Forced Switch to Protection

The operator countermands the protection system instruction to switch to protected, thus reverting to protection.


Topic 1 Page 16


OMS1664 Release 1.3


G Gateway

The NE that provides a physical interface to the EM and thus can act as a path (communications gateway) routing messages between the EM and other NEs through the DCC interfaces.

Gateway Network Element

See Gateway.

GigaBit Ethernet

Synchronous Transport Module (1.25 Gbit/s).

H Hello

This identifies multiple simultaneous recipients of data. It is used when the elements of a network wish to identify all users in that network and maintain neighbour relationships.

High Bandwidth (HB) Slot

One of four Slide-In card Unit (SIU) slots available on an SMA-4, 16c or 16c+ sub-racks that can house 140Mbit/s, STM-1 or STM-4 traffic cards and also SONET/SDH Combiner cards. The HB slots do not have access to Line Termination Units (see also Normal Bandwidth (NB) Slot).

Higher Order

This is a traffic path that provides transport for lower order paths; this relates to the VC-3/4 monitored entity.

Holdover

A timing mode in which an outgoing signal is maintained accurately at the frequency and phase of its designated timing source, after loss of that timing source.

Hop

The passage of a packet through one router.

Hop count

A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination.

I Importance

The significance of a particular fault in relation to all others as perceived by an operator. This can be configured into the multiplexer and used to characterise the display of alarms to an operator.

Incoming VC Monitoring

Incoming VC Monitoring is the unobtrusive monitoring of BIP errors for a selected VC within and STM-n signal without termination.

Initial Domain Identifier

(IDI) - This is part of the network service access point address (see NSAP) and contains three addressing parts. - The Data Country Code: each country has a unique code. - The Network Digit is used to select a particular network routing within a country - National Number is allocated by the appropriate national authority.

Initial Domain Part

(IDP) - This is part of the NSAP and contains two addressing parts. See Authority, Format Identifier and Initial Domain Identifier.

Initial Domain Indentifier

This is part of the network service access point address (see NSAP) and contains three addressing parts. - The Data Country Code: each country has a unique code. - The Network Digit is used to select a particular network routing within a country - National Number is allocated by the appropriate national authority.

Initial Domain Part

This is part of the NSAP and contains two addressing parts. See Authority, Format Indentifier and Initial Domain Identifier.


Topic 1 Page 17


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Initial System Parameters

The basic equipment configurations (that is, multiplexing method, card and slot allocation, synchronisation modes and priorities) required by the Multiplexer Controller to enable it to set-up the working environment of the multiplexer.

Inoperative

One of two operation states of the Controller/Comms card. It indicates that the card does not have the initial system parameters configured.

Inter-Domain Resilience

Resilience between domains is achieved by providing and configuring more than one point of interconnection between the domains. First and second choice routes between IS-IS domains and ISRA domains are given the names Internal and External. All IS-IS boundary nodes should be internally interconnected with two Level-2 routes to reinforce Inter-Domain Resilience.

In-Traffic

One of two traffic states for traffic cards. It indicates that extraction of this card may result in a loss of this traffic.

Inversion State

The nominated state of a fault signal that is to be interpreted as a no fault condition. The nominated state can be either active or inactive, a fault only being raised upon a change to the complementary state

IS-IS Block

An IS-IS Block is said to be formed when IS-IS boundary nodes of IS-IS composites are interconnected. The IS-IS Block prevents ISIS protocols being exchanged over the link, while still allowing communication to take place between the IS-IS boundary nodes. The block is not essential but sometimes needed to enable IS-IS networks to be constructed. The block circumvents a limitation with IS-IS that only allows two RAPs to a single destination under complex situations. The block is introduced into the IS-IS network by marking the communication interface as ‘external’.

IS-IS Boundary Node

IS-IS boundary nodes define the entry and exit points of IS-IS centre nodes at Level-1/2 routing, and form the boundary between IS-IS areas, Interim Static Routing Algorithm elements and the ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN.

IS-IS Centre & Boundary Composite

Consists of a single IS-IS centre with one or more boundary nodes. If more than one boundary node is incorporated there must be a resilient Level-2 connection between every boundary node.

IS-IS Centre Node or IS-IS Area

A collection of IS-IS NEs that share the same area address.

IS-IS Domain

A collection of connected Areas. Routing domains provide full connectivity to all end systems within them.

IS-IS Element Routing

Intermediate System (IS) elements route inter-network information one to another using a dynamic routing protocol (ISO 10589). IS-IS element routing takes place when one IS element communicates with others, and each element creates routing tables within themselves containing information about the network topology these elements are interconnected into. Routing tables constructed in this manner are said to be dynamic.

IS-IS Multiple Area Working

IS-IS routing allows the use of multiple area addresses for any individual NE. Therefore NEs can have multiple NSAP addresses. Interconnected IS-IS elements each containing multiple NSAP addresses, and sharing at least one area address one to another, adopt or share all of the area addresses, forming a common set of areas.


Topic 1 Page 18


OMS1664 Release 1.3


IS-IS Partition Repairs

The IS-IS Partition Repair function allows Level-1 communication to be maintained following a Level-1 break, between two isolated islands of the same area. This Level-1 communication repair uses a ‘Virtual’ Level-1 path, which is actually between Level-2 elements. A Level-2 path must however be made available between the isolated islands.

IS-IS Routing Domain

When IS-IS centre nodes are directly interconnected, they form an IS-IS Routing Domain. IS-IS protocols are exchanged within an ISIS routing domain.

IS-IS Routing Metrics

IS-IS uses the concept of assigning a positive integral numerical value to every circuit, link or path. These numerical metric values are added to determine the ‘cost’ of an overall route. Only one metric type (default metric) is supported by Marconi SONET/SDH products. Routes are selected on a lowest overall ‘cost’ basis.

IS-IS Routing Protocol

The ISO standard intra-domain routing protocol, documented in ISO 10589.

L Lamp-lock

When this is active, if a transient alarm arises the associated warning LED is locked on - even after the alarm subsides so that an operator is made aware that the alarm has arisen.

LAN Bridge

This is used to interconnect two geographically distant LANs

Level 1 Routing

IS-IS routing within an area.

Level 1 Routing Table

A Level-1 Routing Table contains all the system IDs of the IS-IS NEs that share the same area, plus topological information of the readability of these NEs.

Level 2 Routing

IS-IS routing between areas.

Level 2 Routing Table

A Level-2 Routing Table contains all area addresses and address prefixes that can be reached from that NE. A Level-2 Routing Table also contains information of all routes over which areas/prefixes can be reached, plus these routes cost or metric.

Linear Mode

Synchronous Transport Module (2.5 Gbit/s).

Link Access Protocol Level-D

This is the standard link layer protocol that defines the transmission and reception of information frames, the detection of errors and their correction by retransmission.

Link Connection

A logical connection between connection termination points on two different NEs.

Link State Package

LSP - A packet that is generated by a router operating a link state routing protocol (e.g. ISO 10589) listing the routers neighbours.

Local Alarm Indication

State of rack alarm buses coupled with visual display provided by LEDs on end-of-shelf unit and cards.

Local Alarm Scheme

The hardware used to indicate local alarms. This includes end of shelf indicators and on-card fail indicators.

Local Alarm Status

Indicates what local alarm scheme actions have been performed on a specific alarm.


Topic 1 Page 19


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Local Area Network

LAN - usually a shared medium with broadcast capability providing logical full connectivity, typically over a limited geographical area (refer to the installation chapters of this manual). This is used as the means of providing the NE links to the ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) and generally the preferred ‘metric’ choice for communications routing.

Local Craft Terminal Interface

An interface provided by the Multiplex Controller for the communications link between the equipment and the Local Terminal (LCT).

Local Craft Terminal Subsystem

LCT integrated into an element manager. Also known as ported LCT.

Local Exchange (LE)

An exchange on which user lines are terminated by an AN.

Locked

An operator-controlled administrative state indicating that a resource is being used; that is, carrying traffic and, therefore, is not to be amended.

Loop Timing

A mode in which the multiplexer uses the recovered line timing from a given direction to time the outgoing signal in the same direction.

Loss-of-Frame

An alarm condition indicating loss of alignment of the data received.

Loss-of-Signal

An alarm condition indicating a detected loss of an incoming line signal.

Lower Order

SONET/SDH traffic-path that cannot be further sub-divided. Pertaining to the VC-1/2 monitored entity.

M Manager

ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) workstation, but connected to a ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN.

Mapping

Distribution of data from one multiplexing frame structure into defined positions in another frame of the same rate.

Man-Machine Interface

The mechanism by which an operator may communicate with one or more NEs.

Manual Adjacency (MA)

A method of interworking between an IS-IS domain and an ISRA domain, where the ISRA domain nodes share the same area address as the IS-IS border node the manual adjacency originates from. A manual adjacency is therefore a Level-1 static route.

Maximum Transmission Unit

MTU - the largest packet size that can be transmitted between source and destination.

Medium Access Control

MAC - a sub-layer of the data link layer, defined by the IEEE 802 committee, that deals with issues specific to a particular type of LAN. The identity of the Marconi ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) product within a network will have a designated ‘MAC’ address, as its link with the network will always be through an Ethernet LAN.

Message Passing Bus

This is a bus that connects the Comms/Controller Card to the communications card. It is used for all communications between these two cards.

Metric

A measure, as in ‘Routing Metric’, where the measure (for example, reliability, delay, bandwidth, load, hop count) is used by a routing algorithm to determine whether one route is better than another.


Topic 1 Page 20


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Monitored Entity

(ME) - An entity within the Multiplexer with which faults can be associated. The identifiable entities are: slot card, port, STM-N, AU3/4, VC-3/4, TU-1/2 or VC-1/2.

Multicast

To poll or transmit common information to a known group of recipients, usually with a single message transmission. Sometimes referred to as ‘Hello’ messages.

Multiplex Section

A multiplex section is the part of a line system between two multiplex section terminations.

Multiplex Section Overhead

The multiplex section overhead comprises Rows 5 to 9 of the overhead of the STM-n signal.

N National Number

This is the part of the NSAP address and is allocated by the appropriate national authority.

Negative Pointer Justification Event

A Negative Pointer Justification Event is defined when the frame rate of the VC is too fast with respect to the associated AU/TU requiring an extra data byte to be transmitted and the pointer values decremented.

Network Digit

This is the part of the NSAP address and is used to select a particular network routing within a country.

Network Directory Compiler Tables

NDC tables provide ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) with the correct gateway selection information, when routing data to any particular NE.

Network Element (NE)

A multiplexer, line system terminal, regenerator, or any equipment that switches, multiplexes or regenerates traffic.

Network Management Interface

An interface between a NE or gateway NE and the EM or LCT.

Network Node (or Node)

This is an external network (managed or unmanaged) or an NE.

Network Service Access Point

NSAP - the ISO term for the quantity that specifies a client of a network layer running at a particular node.

Node-to-node Link

The ability to insert a communications link between two existing nodes without affecting current network routing.

Nominated Source

A timing source selected by the operator for synchronisation by inclusion in a priority table for a particular timing sink.

Non-worker

This is a card that is in ‘Standby’ mode (that is, not carrying traffic) in a protected arrangement.

Normal Bandwidth (NB) Slot

One of eight Slide-In card Unit (SIU) slots available on SMA-4, 16c or 16c+ sub-racks that can house 1.5/2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s, 44Mbit/s, 140Mbit/s and STM-1 traffic cards and also SONET/SDH Combiner or VC-AM cards. The NB slots have access to line termination units (see also High Bandwidth (HB) slot).

Normal Working Mode

This is one of two equipment working modes. It indicates that communications link between the equipment and the EM has been established and the EM has read/write access (that is, EM_Control is enabled).

Not-in-Traffic

This is one of two traffic states for traffic cards. It indicates that extraction of this card will not result in a loss of traffic.

NSAP Selector

This is part of the NSAP. It determines what is interfaced to the network layer - for example, Application Program. Transport Layer or variant class of transport service.


Topic 1 Page 21


OMS1664 Release 1.3


O Off line

This is one of two control states of the Controller/Comms Card. It applies to PMAs and SMA-n NEs. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card recognises the SMC card on the new shelf. In this state, communication between the Controller/Comms Card and the traffic cards over the control bus is disabled. However, communications between the Controller/Comms Card and the Comms cards is enabled. Thus communication between the EM/LCT and MC is always enabled.

On-Card Fault LED

A LED on a particular card that is lit, either autonomously or under control of the Controller/Comms Card, to indicate that the card is detecting a fault condition. It is not necessarily an indication that the card itself is faulty.

On-line

This is one of two control states of the Controller/Comms Card. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card recognises the SMC as belonging to the Shelf. Communication between the Controller/Comms Card, and traffic cards is enabled.

Open Systems Interconnection

(OSI) - The OSI model provides the basis for connecting ‘open’ systems for distributed applications processing, where the term ‘open’ denotes the ability of any two systems conforming to the reference model and the associated standards to connect.

Operative

This is one of two operation states of the Controller/Comms Card. It indicates that the Controller/Comms Card has the initial system parameters configured.

Operator

The user of an EM or LCT.

Overhead Buses

Buses between the various SMA-n cards carrying overhead (STM-n and some HO VC overhead) information in a proprietary frame at a data rate of 6.48Mbit/s.

P Parked

The state of an alarm in which it will cause no indication (other than receive attention or acknowledged) to be given on the end of shelf and rack alarm buses.

Path

This is an end-to-end connection at a specific bit rate. This is an alternative name for a trail.

Path Overhead

This provides for integrity of communication between the point of assembly of a virtual container and that of its disassembly.

Path Trace

A mechanism provided for the purpose of confirming that an SONET/SDH trail is provisioned between desired end-points. The NEs at each end of the trail inject and monitor an operator-provided byte sequence into the path overhead.

Perceived Severity

This is an information fault type attribute indicating the seriousness of a fault as perceived by an operator.

Performance Primitive

A particular aspect of the system performance monitored by the equipment, used as the basic data for the generation of performance parameters and data reports.

Performance Record

This is a stored performance data report pertaining to a performance data-reporting period that has expired.

Ping

Packet Internet Groper, an echo message and its reply, used to test the reachability of a network device.


Topic 1 Page 22


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Ping Techniques

Ping Techniques use the principle of sending and receiving test messages to determine routing paths, and the response to test messages by interconnecting and target nodes.

Pointer (SONET/SDH)

Provides the offset of the start of the SONET/SDH traffic signal from the start of the frame.

Point-to-point

A connection, usually a trail, with exactly two ends (as opposed to a point-to-multi-point connection, which may have three or more ends, for example, multi-drop or broadcast).

Port

This is a physical connection point on a network node for either traffic or management sections.

Positive Pointer Justification Event

A positive pointer justification event is defined when the frame rate of the VC is too slow with respect to the associated AU/TU requiring a data byte to be omitted and the pointer values incremented.

Presentation Service Access point

(PSAP) - An addressable point at which the presentation services (sixth layer of the OSI model) is made available.

Primary Multiplexer

An element (SMA, SLT, C-Multiplexer) in which traffic is multiplexed/demultiplexed up to 2Mbit/s.

Priority

A numeric value reflecting the importance attached to a fault. Can be in the range 1 (highest) to 255 (lowest).

Probable Cause

This is a term used by ITU-T to describe a possible explanation for the raising of a particular alarm. This is analogous to ’fault type’ as described in this document.

Protected Section

This is a traffic section, configured between ports within the same protection group on two network nodes, for carrying traffic under non-failure conditions.

Protection Card

This is a card that provides an alternative path to the worker under fail or forced switch conditions.

Protection Group

This is a number of ports on a network node, one or more of which is designated as a protection port. Possible protection group types are: 1+1 and 1:N.

Protection Group Channel

This is a unique identity assigned to a port within a protection group. A network node may have zero or more dependent protection groups defined, depending on the capability of the network node.

Protection Section

This is a traffic section, configured between ports within the same protection group, specifically for the purpose of carrying the traffic on failure of a protected section.

Pseudo Tandem Connection Monitoring

Tandem Connection monitoring represents a relatively new requirement and the multiplexer is required to interwork with equipment that is incapable of supporting such a feature. To this end, pseudo TCM has been devised which consists of enhanced alarm and performance monitoring from the VCPOM function, which is re-mapped to appear at the outgoing interface (a nominated subnetwork boundary). Effectively, path alarms and performance are monitored for each path entering a subnetwork and also monitored for each path that exits the network. Thus by correlating the results from each end, the Network Manager can determine whether the traffic defect/degradation may have occurred within the current operator's network or the one before it.


Topic 1 Page 23


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Q Q-interface

The interface between the gateway NE and the EM. Only available at the gateway NE.

Qecc Interface

The data communications interface that uses the embedded data communications channels within the STM-1 section overhead.

Q3 Objects

Network Managers (such as MV38) maintain a software model of the network and its equipment. The model is an abstract representation of the network and its equipment. The architecture of the model may not be, and often is not, the same as the architecture of the real equipment. Q3 is a standardised way, used in Network Managers, of modelling telecommunications networks and equipment. Q3 objects are the elements making up this model. The objects are considered to perform certain standard telecommunications functions - adaptation, termination and connection - and have attributes associated with these functions. The Network Management software can manipulate these attributes, setting and getting their values, and performing other predetermined complex actions on them. To manage the equipment itself, the Network Manager issues instructions to the equipment in terms of set, get and actions on these Q3 objects. The equipment itself has to relate the values to be set or read to the registers in its hardware that relate to the attributes defined in the model. Each alarm is associated with a specific Q3 object in the Network Manager’s model.

R RAP Metrics

Reachable Address Prefix Metrics, is the metric associated with the Level-2 Static Data that, in mixed ISRA/IS-IS routed networks, would normally be produced by the RTC. The metrics are associated with a route, as opposed to a link. The metric types are referred to as ‘Internal’ and ‘External’, which are terms relating to the associated IS-IS domain.

Reachable Address Prefix (RAP)

A method of interworking between an IS-IS domain and an ISRA domain, where the ISRA domain nodes have different area addresses from the IS-IS domain and border node. A Reachable Address Prefix is therefore a Level-2 static route.

Real Working Mode

This is one of two equipment working modes. It indicates that a communications link between the equipment and the EM has been established and the EM has read/write access (that is, EM_Control is enabled).

Re-provisioning

Altering the configuration of a multiplexer to accommodate different or new traffic.

Receive Attention

This is an alarm state, invoked by pressing a button on the end-ofshelf unit, applied to all currently unserviced alarms.

Regenerator Section

A regenerator section is the part of a line system between two Regenerator Section Terminations (RST).

Regenerator Section Overhead

The Regenerator Section overhead comprises Rows 1 to 3 of the section overhead of the STM-n signal.

Remote Defect Indication

This term replaces ‘FERF’ in later versions of ITU-T recommendations.


Topic 1 Page 24


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Remote Error Indication

This term replaces ‘FEBE’ in later versions of ITU-T recommendations.

Re-provisioning

This is altering the configuration of an NE to accommodate new traffic.

Ringmaster

One multiplexer providing synchronisation for a number of multiplexers connected together to form a ring.

Ring Topology

This is a network interconnection method in which nodes are connected on a ring. Communication is usually in one direction around the ring.

Route

One or more traffic-sections between the same two NEs or subnetworks. The constituent sections may or may not take the same geographical path.

Routing Junction

Any node (PMA/SMA/SLA) connected to a LAN or that has more than two DDC connections. Has a routing table.

S Section

A single connection between two NEs that supports a client link connection. It can be a traffic section, or a management section (the latter may possibly be a digital user-loop section). It can be used to build a trail.

Section Overhead

This contains information added to the information payload to create an STM-N, and comprises Rows 1 to 3, Columns 1 to 9xn, and Rows 5 to 9, Columns 1 to 9xn, of the STM-N signal. It is used for checking traffic integrity and to provide the data comms channels.

Security

These are functions that manage the protection of network resources from unauthorised access through the management system, and also secure data integrity within the NMS.

Serial Event Hand off Facility

A facility to monitor the logged asynchronous alarm data available at the serial interface port of an EM work station.

Service Access Point

SAP - the address of a user of a service, a field that further defines an address (hence ‘NSAP’).

Serviced

Referring to an alarm in either the receive attention or acknowledged state.

ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) LAN

The LAN used to interconnect ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) to gateway elements.

Severity

The significance of a particular fault in relation to all others as perceived by an operator. This can be configured into the NE and used to characterise the display of alarms to an operator.

Severely Errored Second

Any second in available time in which the number of block errors or code errors exceeds the threshold for SES. During performance monitoring, Severely Errored Seconds are a ‘subset‘ of errored seconds; that is, ES is still incremented even if the second is declared a SES.

Severely Errored Second Count

A cumulative count indicating the number of seconds of available time in a particular performance data reporting period that were deemed to be Severely Errored.

Severely Errored Second Ratio

The long term ratio of a number of Severely Errored Seconds of available time in a measurement period.


Topic 1 Page 25


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Severely Errored Second Threshold

The presettable threshold for the number of Block Errors recorded in a second that will lead to the second being declared a Severely Errored Second and the SESC incremented.

Shelf Alarm Status

A summary of the states of all the alarm sources in the multiplexer, suitable for display on the end of shelf display and rack alarm units.

Shelf Display Unit

Module located at the right-hand end of the shelf containing alarm indicators and the Receive Attention button.

Shelf Local Alarm Interface

The interface through which access may be gained to the shelf and rack alarm buses.

Shelf Local Alarm Output

These are outputs available for driving external alarm indicator circuitry.

Signal Degraded on Protected

This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protected path.

Signal Degraded on Protection

This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protection path.

Signal Fail on Protected

This is the protection state of traffic path signals related to the protected path.

Sink

A synchronisation sink is a selectable timing output used to synchronise a traffic carrying port or dedicated timing port leaving the equipment. Sink selectors are found on the switch card.

SLA/SR Chain

No Routing Tables required in the NE. Communications go straight across the NE. Responds to ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) as ‘directed response’.

Sliding Window Processing

This is performance processing in which the aggregation period is of fixed length but can start at any time. Examples of these are the SUE and TUE window processing.

SMA Chain Domain

No Routing Tables required in the NE. Communication goes straight across the NE. Responds to ServiceOn Optical Element Manager (MV36) down Line East.

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network.

Source

A synchronisation source is a timing input, from a traffic-carrying port or dedicated timing port entering the equipment, which may be used for synchronisation.

Special Domain

A number of SDH elements all directly connected to an embedded LAN, with no other data node interconnection, may be multiple elements in each domain. Requires a routing table for each element.

Standby Section

This is a section, either a protected or a protection section, that is currently not carrying traffic.

Star Topology

This is a network interconnection method consisting of a single hubnode, with various terminal-nodes connected to the hub.

Start of Unavailability Event Count

A count kept of the number of SUEs in a particular period.


Topic 1 Page 26


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Sub-network

This is an operator aid to navigation, particularly of large networks, by dividing the network into manageable parts. A sub-network can contain NEs, grouped together by an operator for operational reasons, external networks, and other sub-networks. This is not to be confused with the use of routing domains in the data communications network.

Subside

Change of state from active to inactive of an alarm that is unserviced.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

Set of digital transport structures, standardised for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks.

Synchronous Multiplexer Add/Drop

(SMA) Transmission equipment through which a number of lower-bit rate channels may be passed in two directions, as a single higher bit-rate channel in each direction. Lower bit-rate channels may be added or removed through local traffic interfaces.

Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU)

A Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU) is a function for timing reference selection, processing and distribution. As a separate product the SSU function is called a Stand-Alone Synchronisation Equipment (SASE).

Synchronous Transport Module

This is the information structure used to support section-layer connections in the synchronous digital hierarchy. It comprises the information payload and the section overhead information.

System ID

This is part of the NSAP. It is sometimes referred to as System Identification, the LAN address or element ID and is effectively the unique address of an NE.

T Tandem Connection Monitoring

SDH has inherent monitoring of the VC trail to determine failures or degradations in transporting a payload across the SDH domain. Where such a trail crosses different operators' networks, this information is only of interest to the operator whose equipment is affected. Hence each operator only requires that the VC trail is monitored across the portion of the SDH network that is their reponsibility. To this end a sub-trail is embedded within the VC POH termed a Tandem Connection which provides such a facility. See also Pseudo Tandem Connection Monitoring. An operator can check data relating to a trail through the equipment by using TCM (Tandem Connection Monitoring). This is achieved by using overhead information in the N1/N2 bytes VC (OH) using a Tandem Connection Monitor between source and sink.

Termination of Unavailability Event

An event that occurs when the threshold for consecutive non-SES is reached.

Through Timing

A timing mode in which the line timing is passed through a multiplexer from west to east and /or east to west.

Time slot

A 64kbit/s channel within a framed 2Mbit/s signal (ITU-T Recommendation G.704).

Time slot number

This identifies a 64kbit/s time slot within the 2048kbit/s V5.1 interface (ref. ETS 300 167 [2]).

Timing Bus 1

A means of identifying a tributary slot and port for use as a possible synchronisation source.


Topic 1 Page 27


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Timing marker (SSMB)

This is a field within the S1 byte of the Section Overhead for STM-N and in the TS0 for 1.544/2.048Mbit/s PDH Signals. The information it contains indicates the "quality" of the synchronisation source of the signal in which it is contained.

Topology

This is a network interconnection configuration that remains invariant, irrespective of configuration changes to NEs, trails, etc. There are three generic forms of network interconnection topology: star, ring, and bus.

Traffic Cards

Those cards occupying the line, switch and tributary card slots.

Trail

An end-to-end path of a specified type across a network and made up of one or more link connections connected together by crossconnections.

Tributary Unit

This is an information structure that adapts between the lower-order path-layer and the higher-order path-layer.

Tributary Unit Group

One or more tributary units occupying fixed positions within a higher-order virtual container payload.

Turnaround

A timing mode in which the line timing of the output is derived from that of the received line in a NE.

U Unacceptable Short-term Errors

A event occurring when the number (‘n’) of consecutive SES for a particular error performance monitored entity exceeds a preset threshold. Unacceptable Short-term Errors are an SD mechanism linked to performance data recording and they make use of the same SES thresholds. A USE alarm is generated if the monitored block/BIP error counts exceed the SES threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured On threshold. The alarm is cleared if block/BIP errors are less than the SES threshold for a duration greater than or equal to a user-configured Off threshold. USE in effect does not represent a Signal Degrade in its strictest sense and effectively corresponds to Unavailable time.

Unavailable Seconds Count

A cumulative count indicating the number of seconds of a particular performance data reporting period during which the entity being monitored was deemed unavailable.

UnAvailable Time

A period starting at the beginning of the first second of a period of SES that exceeds the SUE threshold and ending at the beginning of the first second of a period of non-SES, which exceeds the TUE threshold.

Unidirectional

When used in the context of protection, this is the switching of traffic in one direction of transmission for the section or trail. Also known as single-ended.

Unlocked

This is an operator-controlled administrative state indicating that a resource is not being used; that is, not carrying traffic and, therefore, can be amended.

Unserviced

State of a new alarm before it is subject to receive attention, or is acknowledged.


Topic 1 Page 28


OMS1664 Release 1.3


V V4 Byte

A byte in the TU-12 and TU2 multiframe structure used internally by the SMA-n for equipment monitoring of the traffic data paths through the switch card.

Validated Faults

These are fault signals that have been validated by alarm inversion and have not been forced to inactive either by an operator or by the multiplexer.

VCAM Dummy

Connected to a routing Junction and Multiple VC-TM to support complex VC-TM topologies where dual parenting off elements in different domains is necessary, and each VCAM supports multiple VC-TM.

VC-TM Domain

Used when VC-TMs are interconnected between Routing Junctions.

Virtual Container

This is an information structure used to support the path-layer connections in the synchronous digital hierarchy.

Virtual State

A description of the NE as set up in the EM but communications with real NE have not been established.

W Watchdog

This is circuitry that monitors for correct operation of the operating software.

Windows

A graphical user interface implemented on Microsoft MS-DOS.

Worker Card

This is a card that is carrying data in a protected arrangement.

Worker Section

A section, either a protected or protection section, which is currently carrying traffic.


Topic 1 Page 29


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Blank Page


Topic 1 Page 30


OMS1664 Release 1.3

OMS1664 Documentation Guide List of Abbreviations

Chapter 6: List of Abbreviations A ACIU

Alarm Control Interface Unit

ACO

Alarm Cut-Off

ACSE

Association Control Service Element

ADC

Auxiliary Data Channel

ADM/ADMX

Add-Drop Multiplexer

AE

Application Entity

AFI

Authority and Format Identifier

AID

Access Identifier

AIDDET

AID Supplement

AIS

Alarm Indication Signal

ALM

Alarm

ALS

Automatic Laser Shutdown

Amp

Amplifier

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

AOZ

Alternate Ones and Zeros [101010...]

AP

Application Process

APS

Automatic Protection Switch

ASE

Association Service Element

ASIC

Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ATTN

Attention

AU

Administrative Unit

AUI

Access Unit Interface

Aux

Auxiliary

B BCD

Binary Coded Decimal

BDI

Backward Defect Indicator

BE

Block Error

BE Max Count

Maximum Block Errors Primitive Count

BER

Bit Error Rate

BIP

Bit Interleaved Parity

BQI

Backward Quality Indicator

BSHR

Bidirectional Self Healing Ring

BSI

British Standards Institute


Topic 1 Page 31


OMS1664 Release 1.3 Bw7R

OMS1664 Documentation Guide List of Abbreviations Balweiser No 7R Alarm Scheme

C CAS

Channel associated signalling in TS16

CC

Communications Card

CCITT ( now ITU-T )

Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique. (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)

CCON

Consecutive Congestion

CCS

Common Channel Signalling

CCTTI

Constantly Changing Trail Trace Identifier

CCU

Channel Control Unit

CDR

Clock and Data Receiver

CDRH

Centre for Device and Radiological Health

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

CIR

Committed Information Rate

CLNP

Connectionless Network Protocol

CLNS

Connectionless Network Layer Service

CMI

Coded Mark Inversion.

CMIP

Common Management Information Protocol

CMISE

Common Management Information Service Element

CONS

Connection Oriented Network Layer Service

COS

Client Output Suppression

CPG

Card Protection Group

CR

Critical

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Check

CSAT

Consecutive Saturation

CSES

Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds

CT

Configuration Timer

CTP

Connection Termination Point

CUAS

Cumulative Unavailable Seconds

CV

Code Violation

D DCC

Data Communications Channel

DCCm

Data Communication Channel (Multiplexer)

DCCr

Data Communication Channel (Regenerator)

DCN

Data Communication Network

DCU

Dispersion Compensation Unit

DEG

Degrade

DFB

Distributed Feedback

DGNE

Domain Gateway Network Element


Topic 1 Page 32


OMS1664 Release 1.3


DIRN

Direction

DNIC

Data Network Identification Code

DRA

Data Rate Adapter (ASIC)

DSP

Domain Specific Part

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DTMX

Dual Terminal Multiplexer

DU

Display Unit

DWDM

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

DXC

Digital Cross-Connect

E EBER

Excessive Bit Error Rate

ECC

Embedded Communications Channel

EDFA

Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier

EEPROM

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EFS

Error Free Second

EHS

Event Handling Subsystem

EISA

Extended Industry Standard Architecture

EM

Element Manager

EMC

Electromagnetic Compatibility

EML

Element Management Layer

EM-OS

Element Manager Operation System

EMS

Element Management System

EOS

End Of Shelf

EOW

Engineering Order Wire

EPL

Ethernet Private Line

EPPJES

Excessive Positive Pointer Justification Event Seconds

ENPJES

Excessive Negative Pointer Justification Event Seconds

EPROM

Electrical Programmable Read Only Memory

EQP

Equipment

ES

Errored Seconds

ESC

Errored Second Count

ESD

Electrostatic Discharge

ESSD

Electrostatic Sensitive Device

ESP

Electrostatic Protection

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

F FAS

Frame Alignment Signal

FAW

Frame Alignment Word


Topic 1 Page 33


OMS1664 Release 1.3


FC/APC

Face Contact with Angled Point Contact [a type of fibre-optic connector]

FC/PC

Face Contact with Point Contact [a type of fibre-optic connector]

FDI

Forward Defect Indication

FEBE

Far End Bit Error

FERF

Far End Receive Failure

FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array

FTAM

File Transfer and Access Management

G GDC

Generic Digital Client

GHz

Gigahertz

GID

Group Identity/Identifier

GNE

Gateway Network Element

GUI

Graphical User Interface

H HB

High Bandwidth

HCI

Human to Computer Interface

HDLC

High-level Data Link Control

HMI

Human to Machine Interface

HDB3

High Density Bipolar 3

HO

High Order

HO-DSP

High Order - Domain Specific Part

HOTC

High Order Tandem Connection

HOVC

High Order Virtual Container

HPT

Higher Order Path Termination

HTCT

Higher Order Tandem Connection Termination

I Id or ID

Identifier

IDI

Initial Domain Identifier

IDP

Initial Domain Part

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

I/F

Interface

I/O

Input/Output

IP

Internet Protocol

IPS

Integrated Planning System

IS

Intermediate System

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISE

Intermediate Station Equipment, alternative term for SLR


Topic 1 Page 34


OMS1664 Release 1.3


ISO

International Standards Organisation

ISRA

Interim Static Routing Algorithm

ITU-TS

International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunications Sector (formerly CCITT)

L LAN

Local Area Network

LAPD

Link Access Protocol D

LBO

Line Build Out

LC

Link Connection

LCAS

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCN

Local Communications Network

LCT

Local (Craft) Terminal

LCTS

Local Craft Terminal Subsystem

LCX

Liquid Crystal Switch

LED

Light Emitting Diode

LO

Low Order

LoC

Loss of Continuity

LoF

Loss of Frame

LoP

Loss of Pointer

LOPP

Lower Order Path Processor

LoS

Loss of Signal

LOTC

Low Order Tandem Connection

LOTCT

Lower Order Tandem Connection Termination

LOVC

Low Order Virtual Container

LPT

Lower Order Path Termination

LSAP

Link Service Access Protocol

LSP

Logical Service Port or for Ethernet, Link State Packet

LT or LCT

Local (Craft) Terminal

LTCT

Low Order Tandem Connection Termination

LTE or LTU

Line Termination Equipment (Unit)

M m

Metre

MAC

Media Access Control

MAU

Media Access Unit

MCC

Management Communications Card

MCF

Message Communication Function

MCU

Management Communications Unit

ME

Monitored Entity

MIB

Management Information Base


Topic 1 Page 35


OMS1664 Release 1.3


MJ

Major

MMI

Man to machine Interface

MN

Minor

MO

Managed Object

MOFTE

Multiplexer/Optical Fibre Terminating Equipment

MPI

Message Passing Interface

MS

Multiplex Section

MSOH

Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP

Multiplex Section Protection

MS-RDI

Multiplex Section RDI

MS-SPRING

Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring

MST

Multiplex Section Termination

MT

Management Terminal

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failures

Mux

Multiplexer

MV36

ServiceOn Optical Element Manager

N NA

Not Alarmed

NACC

Network Administration Computer Centre

NB

Narrow bandwidth

NCL

Network Control Layer

NE

Network Element

NEC

Network Element Controller

NM

Network Management (or Manager)

NMI

Network Management Interface

NPDU

Network Protocol Data Unit

NSA

Non-Service Affecting

NSDU

Network Service Data Unit

NRZ

Non-Return to Zero

NSAP

Network Service Access Point

NTFNCDE

Notification Code

NTU

Network Terminating Unit

NUA

Network User Address

NURG

Non-Urgent

NVM

Non-Volatile Memory

O OC

Optical Carrier

OCh-OH

Optical Channel Overhead (Path Overhead)


Topic 1 Page 36


OMS1664 Release 1.3


ODI

Outgoing Defect Indication

OFTE

Optical Fibre Terminating Equipment

OH/POH

Overhead/Path Overhead

OLTE

Optical Line Terminating Equipment (alternative term for SLT)

OLTU

Optical Line Transmission Unit

OMS1664

Optical Multi-service Series 16 multiplexer

OMS

Optical Multiplex Section

OMU

Optical Multiplex Unit

ON

Optical Network

OOR

Out Of Range

OOS

Out Of Service

OPI

Optical Physical Interface

OS

Operation System - such as EM-OS or MV38

OSC

Optical Supervisory Channel

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection

OSNR

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTRU

Optical Transmit/Receive Unit

OTU

Optical Transport Unit

OTS

Optical Transmission Section

P PC

Personal Computer (IBM compatible)

PC

Probable Cause

PDH

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU

Protocol Data Unit

PING

Packet Internet Groper

PIR

Peak Information Rate

PJE

Pointer Justification Event

PLL

Phase Locked Loop

PLP

Packet Layer Protocol

PM

Process Manager

PMA

Photonics Multiplexer Add/Drop

PMA-CL

Photonics Multiplexer Add/drop - Channel Levelling

PMA-LA

Photonics Multiplexer Add/drop - Line Amplifier

POH

Path Overhead

POM

Path Overhead Monitor

p-p

peak-to-peak

ppm

Parts per million

PRC

Primary Reference Clock


Topic 1 Page 37


OMS1664 Release 1.3


PRAI

Path Remote Alarm Indication

PRBS

Pseudo Random Bit Sequence

pSOH

Pseudo Section Overhead

pSTM

Pseudo Synchronous Transport Module

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

PSU

Power Supply Unit

PTI

Payload Type Identifier

Q Q Interface

Interface designation for network management, often Ql, Q2 or Q3

Qecc

Interface designation for Embedded Data Comms Channel

R RAI

Remote Alarm Indication

RAM

Random Access Memory

RAP

Reachable Address Prefix

RAU

Rack Alarm Unit

REC

Receive

RCV

Receive

RDI

Remote Defect Indication

REI

Remote Error Indication

RM

Resource Management

RS

Regenerator Section

RSOH

Regenerator Section Overhead

RS(T)

Regenerator Section (Termination)

RTU

Remote Terminal Unit

Rx

Receive

S SA

Service Affecting

SAIS

Section AIS

SASE

Stand Alone Synchronisation Equipment

SCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SCCM

Second Command Code Modifier

SD

Signal Degrade

SDM

Switch Diagnostic Message

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SELV

Safe Extra-Low Voltage

SEM

System Error Monitor

SEMF

Synchronous Equipment Management Function

SEP

Severely Errored Period


Topic 1 Page 38


OMS1664 Release 1.3


SES

Severely Errored Seconds

SESC

Severely Errored Seconds Count

SESR

Severely Errored Seconds Ratio

SEST

Severely Errored Seconds Threshold

SETG

Synchronous Equipment Timing Generator

SFP

Small Form-factor Pluggable

SFW

Single Fibre Working

SID

System Identity

SISA

Supervisory & Information System for Local & Remote Areas

SIU

Slide-In Unit

SL

Synchronous Line Apparatus (also used to refer to a Synchronous Line System)

SLA

Service Level Agreement

SLR

Synchronous Line Regenerator

SLT

Synchronous Line Terminal

SMA

Synchronous Multiplexer - Add/Drop

SMC

System Memory Card

SNC

Subnetwork Connection

SNCP

Sub Network Connection Protection (see also UPSR which is another term for the same thing)

SNPA

Subnetwork Point of Attachment

SOE

Sequence of Events

SOH

Section Overhead

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network

SPI

SDH Physical Interface

SQM

Signal Quality Monitor

SRV EFF

Service Effect

SSE

Start of Saturation Event

SSF

Server Signal Fail

SSM

Synchronisation Status Message

SSMB

Synchronisation Status Message (half) Byte

STM

Synchronous Transport Module

STM-1

Synchronous Transport Module (155 Mbit/s)

STM-4

Synchronous Transport Module (622 Mbit/s)

STM-16

Synchronous Transport Module (2.5 Gbit/s)

STM-64

Synchronous Transport Module (10 Gbit/s)

SU

Supervisory Unit

SUE

Start of Unavailability Event


Topic 1 Page 39


OMS1664 Release 1.3


T TC

Tandem Connection

TCM

Tandem Connection Monitoring

TCIF

Telecommunications Industry Forum

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM

Time Division Multiplexing

TEP1(E)

Transmission Equipment Practice 1E

THz

Terahertz

TID

Target Identifier

TIM

Trace Identifier Mismatch

TL1

Transaction Language 1

TMN

Telecommunications Management Network

TOE

Time of Events

ToR

Top of Rack

TP

Termination Point

Trib

Tributary

TRMT

Transmit

TSAP

Transport Service Access Point

TSE

Termination of Saturation Event

TSL

Trail Signal Label

TSS

Telecommunications Standardisation Sector

TTIM

Trail Trace Identifier Mismatch

TTP

Trail Termination Point

TUE

Termination of Unavailability Event

TUG

Tributary Unit Group

Tx

Transmit

U UAS

Unavailable Second

UAT

UnAvailable Time

UITS

Unacknowledged Information Transfer Service

UPSR

Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (see also SNCP which is another term for the same thing)

URG

Urgent

USE

Unacceptable Short-term Errors

V VC

Virtual Container

VCAM

Virtual Container Access Module

VCG

Virtual Concatenation Group

VCTS

Virtual Container Transport System


Topic 1 Page 40


OMS1664 Release 1.3


VPN

Virtual Private Network

VPT

Virtual Path Terminator/Termination

W WAN

Wide Area Network

WDM

Wavelength Division Multiplexer

WIMP

Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer

WTR

Wait to Restore

X Xconn

Cross Connection


Topic 1 Page 41


OMS1664 Release 1.3


Blank Page


Topic 1 Page 42


OMS1664 Topic 1 - 1_3DocGuide

Recommend Documents