Nozzle Loads on Machinery_31!08!2015

saipem india NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY

CONTENTS 1.

PRESENTATION OBJECTIVE

2.

NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY

3.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT NOZZLE LOADS

4.

ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY a) ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS b) MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS

5.

EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

6.

EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON RECIPROCATING PUMP

7.

EXTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS ON RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

8.

SHOWCASE FROM SIP PROJECTS

9.

DATA PIPING LOOKING FROM MAPAF

10. FACTS TO REMEMBER 11. CONCLUSION

saipem india projects


2

1. PRESENTATION OBJECTIVE

To establish a more realistic allowable nozzle loads applied on Machinery from connected Piping and to balance or trade off Machinery costs

against

piping

engineering

and

material costs.



3

2. NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY Nozzle loads are the net forces and moments exerted on Machinery nozzles from the weight and thermal expansion of connected piping and equipment. The loads exerted on nozzles are directly related to how the equipment and piping are supported. Increased nozzle loads are a cause of misalignment and increased wear and vibration rates in Machinery. The layout and support of the piping will affect the forces and moments exerted on the Machinery.



4

3. FACTORS THAT AFFECT NOZZLE LOADS

 Temperature Affects expansion of piping/equipment

 Pressure Affects pipe stiffness (more pressure = thicker pipe). High pressure means thick walled piping and greatly reduced flexibility

 Piping Layout requirements Valves at grade or overhead, Maintenance access, etc

 Support Locations  Machinery Baseplate Design



5

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – PUMPS S.No

Machinery Type

1

Centrifugal Pump

2

Positive Displacement Pumps— Reciprocating

3

Positive Displacement Pumps— Controlled Volume

4

Positive Displacement Pumps—Rotary

Machinery Standard

Allowable Nozzle Loads

API 610 11Ed 2010

Suction <= 16”, 16” As per API 610, Table 5 - Nozzle loading force as a function of flange size. Annex F gives methods of qualifying nozzle loads in excess of those in Table 5. Suction > 16”, 16” As per API 610, Item 6.5.3, the Vendor shall submit allowable nozzle loads corresponding to the format in Table 5.

API 674 3Ed 2010 ERR2 2015

As per API 674, Item 6.6, The Vendor shall specify, in the quotation, the magnitude of forces and moments which may be applied, simultaneously, to the inlet and outlet connections at the rated operating conditions. Pumps shall be designed for satisfactory performance if subjected to the forces and moments in Table 6.

API 675 3Ed 2012 ERR2 2015

As per API 675, Annex D, Controlled Volume Pump Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements, VDDR Notes, D.1—Pump, Ref. Description 1 Certified dimensional outline drawing and list of connections, including the following: g. Allowable forces and moments for suction and discharge nozzles.

API 676 3Ed 2009

As per API 676, Item 6.7.1, The vendor shall specify, in the quotation, the magnitude of forces and moments which may be applied, simultaneously, to the inlet and outlet connections at the rated operating conditions. As a minimum, the pump inlet and outlet connections must be capable of withstanding the limits indicated in Table 2. For pumps with connection sizes not indicated in Table 2, the inlet and outlet nozzles shall be capable of withstanding forces and moments from external piping determined by the following formulas: Fx = 13D, Mx = 7D, Fy = 13D My = 7D, Fz = 13D, Mz = 7D



6

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – PUMPS S.No

5

6

Machinery Type

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps

Sealless Centrifugal Pumps

Machinery Standard


API 681 1Ed 1996

As per API 681, Item 2.4, The manufacturer shall specify the maximum allowable external forces and moments that the vacuum pump casing will withstand. These shall be at least equal to the values calculated in accordance with NEMA SM-23. The allowable forces and moments shall be shown on the outline drawing.

API 685 2Ed 2011

As per API 685, Item 6.4.1, Horizontal pumps and their baseplates, and vertical inline pumps with supports anchored to the foundation shall be designed for satisfactory performance if subjected to the forces and moments in Table 4 applied simultaneously to both suction and discharge nozzles in the worst case combination for the pump in question. For horizontal pumps, two effects of nozzle loads are considered: distortion of the pump casing (6.2.1) and misalignment of the pump and motor shafts (magnetic drive pumps only) (see 9.1.5.3.20). Item 6.4.5, Annex F gives methods of qualifying nozzle loads in excess of those in Table 4. The Purchaser should be aware that the use of the methods in Annex F can result in a misalignment up to 50 % greater than that based on the loads given in Table 4 and can impact equipment installation criteria. The use of the methods in Annex F requires approval by the Purchaser and specific direction to the piping designers for its use.



7

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – COMPRESSORS S.No

1

2

3

Machinery Type No integrally Geared Centrifugal and Axial Compressors

Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressors

Expandercompressors

Machinery Standard


API 617 8Ed 2014

As per API 617 Part-2, Item 4.6.6.1, The compressor shall be designed to withstand external forces and moments on each nozzle calculated per Annex F. The supplier shall furnish the allowable forces and moments for each nozzle in tabular form. Item 4.6.6.2, Casing and supports shall be designed to have sufficient strength and rigidity to limit coupling movement caused by imposing allowable forces and moments to 50 μm (0.002 in.).

API 617 8Ed 2014

As per API 617 Part-3, Item 4.6.6.1, The supplier shall furnish the allowable forces and moments for each main process nozzle which has a customer connection in tabular form with the proposal. If nozzle loadings are not furnished, they shall be no less than NEMA SM-23. NOTE 1 Forces and moments allowed on integrally geared compressors are generally less than allowed on API 617, Part 2 compressors. (See Annex F.) NOTE 2 Piping system design will need to be rigorous in order to avoid piping expansion joints. Item 4.6.6.2, Pressure casing and supports shall be designed to have sufficient strength and rigidity to avoid adversely affecting impeller running clearances, gear contact pattern, seals, bearings, and coupling alignment.

API 617 8Ed 2014

As per API 617 Part-4, Item 4.6.6.1, Expander-compressor packages shall be designed to withstand external forces and moments on each nozzle calculated in accordance with Equation (F.1) and Equation (F.2) of Annex F. NOTE Expander-compressor shaft alignment is not affected by piping forces since they do not have a coupling. Item 4.6.6.2, The supplier shall furnish the allowable forces and moments for each nozzle in tabular form.



8

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – COMPRESSORS S.No

4

Machinery Type Reciprocating Compressors

5

Rotary-type Positive Displacement Compressors

6

Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors

Machinery Standard


API 618 5Ed 2007 ERR2 2010

As per API 618, Item 6.8.5, The vendor shall define the maximum allowable nozzle loads at the vendor interfaces. These loads shall be referred to a coordinate system as shown on a drawing.

API 619 5Ed 2010

As per API 619, Item 5.4.1, As a minimum, the compressor shall be designed to withstand external forces and moments on each nozzle as tabulated in Annex C. The vendor shall furnish the allowable forces and moments for each nozzle in tabular form. Silencers can require additional support. Item 5.4.2, Casing and supports shall be designed to have sufficient strength and rigidity to limit distortion of coupling alignment due to pressure, torque and allowable forces and moments to 50 μm (0,002 in). The use of expansion joints to limit piping forces and moments is not generally recommended. However, if used, care should be exercised in the selection and location of expansion joints to prevent possible early fatigue due to either pulsation or expansion strain or both. Expansion joints should not be used in flammable or toxic service unless specifically approved by the purchaser. Annex C, Item C.1, For nozzle sizes not given in Tables C.1 and C.2, the allowable forces and moments shall be agreed between the purchaser and vendor.

API 672 4Ed 2004 ERR2 2010


As per API 672, Item 6.4.1, The maximum allowable forces and moments that may be imposed on the package by the purchaser’s piping shall be stated in the proposal. Item 6.4.2, The maximum allowable forces and moments shall be shown on the outline drawing.


9

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – TURBINES S.No

Machinery Type

Machinery Standard

1

General-purpose Steam Turbines

API 611 5Ed 2008 (R2014)

As per API 611, Item 6.6, Turbines shall be designed to withstand the external forces and moments calculated in accordance with NEMA SM 23.

2

Steam Turbines— Special-purpose Applications

API 612 7Ed 2014

As per API 612, Item 7.4.1, Turbines shall be designed to withstand external forces and moments at least equal to the values calculated in accordance with NEMA SM 24. Item 7.4.2, The turbine supplier shall tabulate the allowable forces and moments for each casing connection.

API 616 5Ed 2011

As per API 616, Item 5.6.1.21, Ducting and casing connection flanges shall be designed so that the stresses imposed, including internal pressure, do not exceed those given in Section VIII of the ASME Code. On the outline drawing, the gas turbine vendor shall indicate the maximum allowable forces and moments on the inlet and exhaust flanges.

3

Gas Turbines


ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – OTHERS S.No

1

Machinery Type

Centrifugal Fans

Machinery Standard

API 673 3Ed 2014


Allowable Nozzle Loads As per API 673, Item 6.4.1, It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify the external loads to be imposed on the fan housing from the ancillary equipment (ducting, sound trunks, silencers, filters, etc.) if this equipment is not supplied by the fan vendor. The vendor shall design the housing and supports to accept the specified loads such that: a) distortion resulting from imposed loads does not affect performance, and b) no internal rubs result.


10

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY ACCORDING TO MACHINERY STANDARDS – OTHERS S.No

2

3

Machinery Type

Fired Heaters

Air-cooled Heat Exchangers

Machinery Standard


API 560 4Ed 2007

As per API 560, Item 9.2, Heater terminals shall be designed to accept the moments, M, forces, F, and movements shown in Figure 4, and Tables 6 and 7 for tubes and Figure 5 and Tables 8 and 9 for manifolds. Item E.2.4, Fan housings are generally designed for low external forces and moments from the inlet and outlet connections. It shall be the responsibility of the heater vendor to specify on the data sheets the expected external loads to be imposed on the fan housing from the ancillary equipment (that is, ducting, sound trunks, silencers and filters) if this equipment is not supplied by the fan vendor. The fan vendor shall design the housing to accept the specified loads. The following information shall be provided: a) maximum allowable external forces and moments; b) expansion joint information and recommendations if joints are required for thermal expansion, vibration isolation or both.

API 661 7Ed 2013

As per API 661, Item 7.1.10.1, Each nozzle, in its design corroded condition, shall be capable of withstanding the simultaneous application of the moments and forces defined in Figure 6 and Table 4. Item 7.1.10.2, The components of the nozzle loadings on a single header shall not exceed the following values: Mx 6100 N⋅m (4500 ft⋅lbf), My 8130 N⋅m (6000 ft⋅lbf), Mz 4070 N⋅m (3000 ft⋅lbf), Fx 10,010 N (2250 lbf), Fy 20,020 (4500 lbf), Fz 16,680 (3750 lbf) NOTE The application of the moments and forces shown in Table 4 will cause movement that will tend to reduce the loads to the values given above. Item 7.1.10.3, The total of all nozzle loads on one multi-bundle bay shall not exceed three times that allowed for a single header.



11

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY According to API RP 686, 686 Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation Design, Item 2.1.3 (Item 2, Machinery Piping Installation Design), Design It is recognized that forces and moments imposed on the machinery by the piping are unique to each installation. All piping directly connected to the machinery, excluding lube oil and seal flush, shall be reviewed by a qualified piping stress analyst to determine if a static piping analysis is required to ensure nozzle loads are within equipment user-defined standards. standards The piping engineering designer shall use sound engineering judgment in conjunction with equipment user-defined standards to design a piping system that minimizes loads imposed on the machinery. NOTE For most machinery, maximum allowable nozzle loads (forces and moments) are established by the machine manufacturer. manufacturer The equipment user typically adopts these nozzle loads as the equipment userdefined standard. On the basis of equipment user experience and preference, nozzle loadings more or less restrictive than that of the machine manufacturer may be specified as the basis for piping design.



12

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – SAIPEM S.No

Machinery Type

Allowable Nozzle Loads As per Business Unit Onshore - Design Practice - Stress Analysis of Plant Piping (PRG.TP.CAL.0009 Rev.05) Item 6.1, Forces and moments acting on the nozzles of centrifugal machines (due to piping weight and thermal expansion) shall be checked in accordance with the applicable codes. The values of allowable forces and moments shall be at least those specified in the applicable codes, standards and design criteria with a multiplying factor indicated. Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles NPS <= 16: for each nozzle, forces and moments in accordance with API 610 with the factors indicated here below:

1

Centrifugal Pumps

Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles NPS >= 18, when no allowable loads are available from Manufacturer: forces and moments in each nozzle shall be as minimum 5 times the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1(Limit 1). Centrifugal Pumps ISO: forces and moments shall be in accordance with ISO 5199. 2

Centrifugal Compressors

Centrifugal compressors in accordance with API 617: forces and moments in each nozzle shall be as minimum 3 times the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1(Limit 1).

3

Reciprocating Compressors

Reciprocating compressors: forces and moments shall be given by the Manufacturer, verification of shacking force guideline of API 618.

4

Rotating Compressors

Rotating compressors: forces and moments shall be in accordance with API 619

5

Compressors integrally gear

Compressors integrally gear (API 617 / 672): forces and moments in accordance with Manufacturer’s standard.



13

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – SAIPEM S.No

Machinery Type

6

General-purpose Steam Turbines

Turbines (API 611): forces and moments in each nozzle shall be at least in accordance with the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1(Limit 1).

7

Steam Turbines— Special-purpose Applications

Turbines (API 612): forces and moments in each nozzle shall be as minimum 3 times the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1 (Limit 1).

8

Special Machines

For special machines, for which the codes do not provide allowable forces and moments, the check shall be based on loads provided by the Manufacturer.




14

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – TOTAL (KAOMBO) S.No

Machinery Type


Centrifugal Pumps

As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 6.2.1, Allowable Forces and Moments acting on API 610 pumps nozzles shall be as a minimum 2 times the values defined in table 5 of code API 610 (as a general rule for pumps installed on a Floating Production Unit). If any of the applied load components on any nozzle (suction or discharge) of the pump exceeds this limit, both nozzles shall be verified using Annex F of API 610. Extract of API 610 table 5 is included in Appendix B of this specification. The table 5 of code gives allowable loads for nozzles up to 16” (DN400). For pumps nozzles having diameter above this value, VENDOR shall comply with values defined in tables in Appendix B, unless deviation to this specification was clearly agreed before order. Item 6.2.2, As there is no applicable standard, the allowable Forces and Moments acting on ISO pumps shall meet, at a minimum, the criteria of Annex B of ISO 5199. The code provides allowable loads for nozzles up to 24” (DN600). For pumps nozzles having diameter above this value, VENDOR shall comply with values defined in tables in Appendix C, unless deviation to this specification was clearly agreed before order.

2


As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 6.1.1, Allowable Forces and Moments for centrifugal compressors shall be 6 NEMA as a minimum. The piping loads will be combined according to the equations, in SI units, provided in API 617 Annex 2E. For an offshore floating unit, calculated piping loads on the compressor nozzles in operating conditions (“Static loads”) are more likely to be close to this value. Though, after taking into account additional loads due to hull girder deflections and accelerations, the sum of Static and Dynamic loads could be higher. Wherever applied loads exceeding 6 NEMA, they will be submitted to VENDOR (in details indicating static and dynamic components), for acceptance.

3

Rotary Screw Compressors

As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 6.1.2, Forces and moments shall be in accordance with API 619.

1



15

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – TOTAL (KAOMBO) S.No

Machinery Type


4

Reciprocating Pumps

As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 6.2.3, Pump nozzles at battery limit shall be designed to withstand as a two (2) times the forces and moments as defined in API 674.

5

Rotary Pumps

As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 6.2.4, Pump nozzles at battery limit shall be designed to withstand as a two (2) times the forces and moments as defined in the API 676.

Package Units

As per Piping Stress Allowable loads on Equipment nozzle (A0-100-12-F020-600550) Item 8, Allowable loads at packaged units’ tie-in points (flange face or anchor) are those defined for static equipment nozzles. Except otherwise indicated, the loading requirement is not mandatory for equipment nozzles within the package which are piped to other nozzles in the same unit. However, it is recommended to comply with these allowable loads as a good practice in package engineering (pressure vessels design and piping design). If either the piping loads on the equipment nozzles or on equipment package tie-ins do not comply with the values given in this specification, actual piping loads shall be submitted to VENDOR for an evaluation of nozzle/tie-in load approval.

6



16

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – SAUDI ARAMCO (JAZAN) S.No

1

Machinery Type


Centrifugal Pumps

As per SPECIFICATION FOR CRITERIA AND RULES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS CALCULATION PERFORMED WITH CAESAR II (VE-135622) Item 5.1, The values of allowable forces and moments shall be at least those specified in the applicable codes, standards and design criteria with a multiplying factor indicated. Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles NPS <=16: for each nozzle, forces and moments in accordance with API 610 with the factors indicated here below:

Pumps with casing constructed of steel and with nozzles NPS >= 18, when no allowable loads are available from Manufacturer: forces and moments in each nozzle shall be as minimum 5 times the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1(Limit 1). Centrifugal compressors in accordance with API 617: forces and moments in each nozzle shall be as minimum 3 times the values established in NEMA SM-23, Para 8.4.6.1(Limit 1).

2


3

Reciprocating Compressors

Reciprocating compressors: forces and moments shall be given by the Manufacturer, verification of shacking force guideline of API 618.

4

Compressors integrally gear

Compressors integrally gear (API 617 / 672): forces and moments in accordance with Manufacturer’s standard.

5

Special Machines

For special machines, for which the codes do not provide allowable forces and moments, the check shall be based on loads provided by the Manufacturer.



17

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – SAUDI ARAMCO (JAZAN) S.No

6

Machinery Type

Allowable Nozzle Loads In case the calculated loads on nozzles of tubes or manifold anchored outside the furnaces exceed the Manufacturer’s allowable loads, the most convenient solution will be analysed and chosen jointly by the Stress Analysis PS, the Plant Layout and Piping PSL and the Manufacturer, under the coordination of Furnace PSL, in according to Project Specification VE723465. Forces and moments acting on free nozzles of vertical cylindrical and cabin furnaces (due to piping weight and thermal expansion) shall be in accordance with the API 560 Tab 6-7. These loads are valid for piping with rating <= 300 #. For piping with rating > 300 # the indicated allowable loads must be doubled.

Furnaces

MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – KOC As per KOC's Piping Flexibility Specification No. 1718-000-HA-E-H0006 for BS-171, Item 6.2.1 & 6.2.2, the allowable force and moment limitations at new Pump nozzles shall be as per API 610. As per KOC's Piping Flexibility Specification No. 1718-000-HA-E-H0006 for BS-171, Item 6.2.3, The maximum allowable forces and moments that may be applied to Compressor flanges by the piping are to be in accordance with Annex 2E (7 Ed) of API 617 (approx. 1.85 times NEMA). However 3.0 times NEMA is to be requested and applied for from Vendors.



18

4. ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS ON MACHINERY MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – SHELL As per DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen. February 2014, Item 4.1 General: The allowable loads and moments on equipment nozzles shall be in accordance with the relevant DEP and their associated standards (e.g. API) for the equipment. MAJOR CONSULTANT / CLIENT REQUIREMENTS – PETRONAS As per PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARD PTS 31.38.01.11, October 2011, Piping – General Requirements, Item 4.2.1 . The allowable loads and moments on equipment nozzles shall be in accordance with the relevant PTS and their associated standards (e.g. API) for the equipment.



19

5. EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP In accordance with API 610 11Ed 2010, Item 6.5 External nozzle forces and moments, 6.5.1 Steel and alloy-steel horizontal pumps and their baseplates, vertical in-line pumps with supports anchored to the foundation, and vertically suspended pumps shall be designed for satisfactory performance if subjected to the forces and moments in Table 5 applied simultaneously to both suction and discharge nozzles in the worst-case combination for the pump in question. For horizontal pumps, two effects of nozzle loads are considered: distortion of the pump casing (see 6.3.3 and 6.3.4) and misalignment of the pump and driver shafts (see 7.3.20). 6.5.2 Allowable forces and moments for vertical in-line pumps with supports not anchored to the foundation may be twice the values in Table 5 for side nozzles. 6.5.3 For pump casings constructed of materials other than steel or alloy steel or for pumps with nozzles larger than DN 400 (NPS 16), the vendor shall submit allowable nozzle loads corresponding to the format in Table 5. 6.5.4 The coordinate system(s) shown in Figures 21 through 25 shall be used to apply the forces and moments in Table 5. 6.5.5 Annex F gives methods of qualifying nozzle loads in excess of those in Table 5. The purchaser should be aware that the use of the methods in Annex F can result in a misalignment up to 50 % greater than that based on the loads given in Table 5 and can impact equipment installation criteria. The use of the methods in Annex F requires approval by the purchaser and specific direction to the piping designers for its use.



20

5. EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Summary of the API 610 11Ed 2010 Requirements - Horizontal Pumps Satisfying the Nozzle-loading values specified in the Table 5 is acceptable. Nozzle loads in excess of those in Table 5 are also acceptable without consultation with the Pump Vendor if the conditions as follows are satisfied; Condition F.1.2 a) The individual component forces and moments acting on each pump nozzle flange shall not exceed the range specified in Table 5 by a factor of more than 2. 2 Condition F.1.2 b) The resultant applied force and the resultant applied moment acting on each pump-nozzle flange shall satisfy the appropriate interaction equations as given in Equations (F.1) and (F.2). (F.2) Condition F.1.2 c) The applied component forces and moments acting on each pump nozzle flange shall be translated to the centre of the pump. The magnitude of the resultant applied force, the resultant applied moment and the applied moment shall be limited by Equations (F.3) to (F.5) . F.1.3 Piping loads greater than those allowed in F.1.2 shall be approved by the purchaser and the vendor.



21

5. EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Summary of the API 610 11Ed 2010 Requirements - Vertical-In-Line Pumps Vertical in-line pumps with supports anchored to the foundation, satisfying the Nozzleloading values specified in the Table 5 is acceptable. 6.5.2 Allowable forces and moments for vertical in-line pumps with supports not anchored to the foundation may be twice the values in Table 5 for side nozzles. F.2 Vertical in-line pumps (OH3 and OH6) that are supported only by the attached piping can be subjected to component piping loads that are more than double the values shown in Table 5 if these loads do not cause a principal stress greater than 41 N/mm2 (5950 psi) in either nozzle.

In-house MAPAF tool to qualify nozzle loads as per Annex F methods



22

6. EXTERNAL NOZZLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON RECIPROCATING PUMP In accordance with API 674 3Ed 2010 ERR2 2015, Item 6.6 External Forces and Moments, The Vendor shall specify, in the quotation, the magnitude of forces and moments which may be applied, simultaneously, to the inlet and outlet connections at the rated operating conditions.

Pumps shall be designed for satisfactory performance if subjected to the forces and moments in Table 6.



23

7. EXTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS ON RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR As per API 618 5Ed 2007 ERR2 2010, Item 6.8.5 External Forces and Moments, the vendor shall define the maximum allowable nozzle loads at the vendor interfaces. interfaces These loads shall be referred to a coordinate system as shown on a drawing.

Item 7.5.4.5, Sufficient anchor bolt holes shall be provided to ensure that forces and moments are properly transmitted to the foundation. Anchor points shall be located on internal and external load bearing structural members as necessary. Reciprocating compressors often require acoustic analysis to see how the vibrations of the equipment affect the piping.



24

8. SHOWCASE FROM SIP PROJECTS

S.No

SIP Project

Nozzle Load Issue

1

SHAH GAS

BB Pumps for those the applied nozzle loads are higher than the API 610 allowable, the applied nozzle loads are qualified as per Annex F methods.

2

DANGOTE

For Semi Lean & Lean solution pumps, GE Italy refused to provide 2 times API 610 Table 5. Then SIP qualified the applied nozzle loads as per Annex F methods.

KAOMBO

The following individual component forces and moments of respective pumps are in excess of 2 times API 610 Table 5. FX (2.79xAPI) and Mx (2.45xAPI) on the suction for Tag 12PA7201A/B FX (3.10xAPI) on the suction for Tag 12PA2101A Considering that they are all loads in the axial direction which do not contribute to the generation of displacements perpendicular to the axis of rotation (that may preload the bearings) pump vendor (M/s. Flowserve) declared that nozzle loads are acceptable.

3

The vendor M/s. PERONI considered 200% of API 674 Allowable Forces and Moments on nozzles instead 200% of API 610 for the Pump Tag 150G-114 A/B. 4

STAR


For Flare package, PIPING proposed applied loads are higher than the API 537 allowable forces and moments and bringing the loads to acceptable level delayed Vendor document management for about 5 months.


25

9. DATA PIPING LOOKING FROM MAPAF  Machinery type (API type).  GA Drawing of Machinery showing support location, nozzle distance from centerline, vendor allowable loads.  Operating Conditions (Pressure & Temperature info - usually from line list and P&ID).  Material of the Machinery (usually on the GA drawing and datasheet).  ANSI flange size (150#, 300#, etc - usually on the GA or detailed drawings).  Nozzle movements from Machinery zero point (point of zero thermal growth) specifically important for high temperature equipment.



26

10. FACTS TO REMEBER  The loads applied on Machinery are resisted by their inherent strength. strength  Piping to be designed so that piping design will not have any adverse effect on the Machinery performance and it is not the other way around. around  Excessive loads from piping can cause high machine vibration, shaft misalignment & coupling failures and these problems result in increased maintenance costs & can lead to Machinery and Plant shutdowns. shutdowns  Achieving an acceptable Machinery piping system design and installation requires a cooperative effort among the Plant Owner, Piping System Designer and OEM. OEM Designing such a system in a vacuum without an adequate degree of communication among these three key players is the surest way to have problems.  If the Plant Owner have their own nozzle load criteria for Machinery then the basis must be understood and agreed to by Machinery and Piping disciplines prior to the issue of Material Requisition (MR).  Allowable nozzle load data from Machinery Manufacturers support Piping Design and timely receipt of Manufacturers’ data is very vital to keep Project moving.



27

11. CONCLUSION  The Tradeoff - Accepting allowable nozzle loads on Machinery as per Industry or Manufacturers Standards may have savings on the cost of the Machinery, but Piping costs increase because of complex layouts and supports required to decrease the nozzle loads. The economics of both the Machinery and Piping (whole system) must be considered when choosing the Machinery.  Allowable nozzle load issue can be greatly resolved through a better coordination between Machinery OEM, MAPAF & PIPING disciplines.  Vendors (Machinery OEMs) to be encouraged to provide the actual allowable nozzle loads on their Machinery. It can be specified in the MR Specification that the high allowable nozzle loading on Machinery will be viewed as an advantage.  During TBE and Post Order KOM, the allowable nozzle loads should be discussed and the design requirements shall be mutually agreed with the Machinery OEM.  One modern approach is, the Vendor to do the concurrent modeling of the entire system (both piping and machinery) that can reduce inherent conservatism and allow the thermal movements to be accommodated correctly by both systems. This may result in a more flexible combined system and can allow better optimization.



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DEPARTMENT DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY

Simple & user friendly web based SOFT TOOL covering all Machinery, to qualify the applied nozzle loads on Machinery nozzles in accordance with relevant Standards, Specifications and / or major Consultants / Clients requirements.



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Nozzle Loads on Machinery_31!08!2015

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