NorthStar R&W 3 AK

1 NorthStar 4e 4e Reading & Writing Level 3

Answer Key

UNIT 1

VOCABULARY, page 4 1. a 5. a 5. a 9. b 9. b 2. b 6. a 6. a 10. b 10. b 3. b 3. b 7. b 7. b 4. a 8. b 8. b

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 7 1. T 2. F (A free solo climber climber climbs without without rope or gear.) 3. T 3. T 4. F 4. F (They will climb with ropes and gear.) 5. F 5. F (He quit UC Berkeley.) Berkeley.) 6. T

DETAILS, page 7-8 1. He was impressed by his aunt’s rock climbing wedding. 2. He enjoys the beautiful day. 3. It 3. It is 2,000 feet high. 4. Less 4. Less than one percent of rock climbers complete free solo climbs. 5. Learning 5. Learning to control fear is an important part of “free solo” training. 6. He 6. He is free to focus on rock climbing because he is a single man living in a van. 7. He 7. He has completed approximately one thousand climbs. 8. He 8. He uses the nickname because he doesn’t think he is a great rock climber.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 9 1. b 4. b 2. a 5. a 3. a 6. b 6. b

COMPREHENSION, page 11 1. a 4. b 2. b 5. a 3. a

READING SKILL 2, page 12 1. quotation 2. Dr. Paula Kim

3. reported 3. reported speech 4. high 4. high school counselor Lisa Rodriguez 5. quotation 5. quotation 6. her: 6. her: Ashley Jones; their: her team members

STEP 1: Organize, page 13 Alex Honnold Enjoyment of sport Fearless World seems beautiful Family is supportive

Both

Ashley Jones

Strongly focused

Competitive Need to feel in control

Obsession leads to success Obsession related to being perfect

World seems scary Family adds pressure Obsession leads to illness

STEP 2: Synthesize, page 14 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: answers: Obsession can be helpful or destructive, depending on the person. This can be clearly seen in two examples from the sports world. Alex Honnold and Ashley Ashley Jones are both strongly focused. Their obsession leads to success in sports. In addition, their obsession is related to being perfect. However, perfect. However, there are important differences between them. Alex Honnold is a fearless rock climber. The world seems beautiful to him, and his family is supportive. Ashley Jones is very competitive and needs to feel in control because the world seems scary and her family adds pressure on her. Also, her obsession leads to illness. As we look at these these examples, it is is interesting to see how obsession can either help or harm a person.

REVIEW, page 15 1. obsession 2. impressive 3. willingness 3. willingness 4. complications 4. complications 5. unthinkable 6. challenge

7. pressure 7. pressure 8. do-or-die 8. do-or-die 9. focused 9. focused 10. risk 10. risk 11. daring 12. inspire

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 3

Answer Key

EXPAND, page 16

6 7 8 9

NOUN accomplishmen t challenge complication a. daring b. dare Enormousness/ enormously focus impression inspiration obsession

10 11 12

pressure risk willingness

pressure risk X

1 2 3 4 5

VERB accomplis h challenge complicate dare

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB X

accomplish ed challenging complicated daring

X X daringly

X

enormous

enormously

focus impress inspire obsess

focused impressive inspiring a. obsessed b. obsessive pressured risky willing

X impressively

inspiringly obsessively

X X willingly

GRAMMAR 2, page 17 1. can 2. be able to 3. can’t 4. couldn’t 5. could

6. could 7. be able to 8. be able to 9. can

WRITE 3, page 19-20 1. a 5.f 9.f 2.b 6.c 10.f 3.f 7.f 4.d 8.e 4, page 20 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Alex Honnold’s climbing of the Triple was a very impressive accomplishment. 2. a) The Triple is located in one of Honnold’s favorite climbing spots, Yosemite National Park in California. b) Climbing the Triple includes climbing three very large rock surfaces in Yosemite Park: Mount Watkins, El Capitan, and Half Dome. c) Only a small number of climbers in the world can complete this 7,000-foot climb in 24 hours. d) Honnold was the first climber to complete the Triple alone.

e) Honnold completed the Triple the record time: 18 hours and 50 minutes. 3. As Alex Honnold completed most of this challenging climb without a rope, he made history.

REVISE, page 21-22 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person diets so much that they become too thin. According to ANRED, an organization that provides information about eating disorders, eating disorders continue to be on the rise among athletes, especially in sports that emphasize being thin. Sports such as gymnastics, figure skating, dancing, and synchronized swimming have a higher percentage of athletes with eating disorders. According to an American College of Sports Medicine study, eating disorders affected 62% of the females in these sports. Christy Henrich, a top US gymnast in the late 1980s, died of anorexia in 1994. Anorexia nervosa affects about 1% of female adolescents in the United States. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which the person diets, becomes hungry, overeats, and then vomits to get rid of the food. It affects about 4% of college-aged women. If you want more information, contact NEDIC, the National Eating Disorder Information Center.

UNIT 2

VOCABULARY 2, page 27 1. a 4. b 2. a 5. a 3. b 6. b

7. b 8. a

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 29 a. 3 d.1 b. 5 e. 2 c. 6 f. 4



Answer Key

DETAILS, page 30 1. j 5. c 9. d 2. k 6. a 10. h 3. e 7. g 11. f 4. I 8. b

MICHELLE: Well, there were several. A fraud alert was placed on my credit after someone used it to buy a new truck. Also, I faced delinquent bills for things I didn’t buy.

REVIEW, page 36-37 1. fraud 7. fishy 2. impersonate 8. deception 3. fake 9. honesty 4. astonishing 10. motive 5. weary 11. con man 6. suspicious

MAKE INFERENCES, page 30-31 1. a 2. b 3. b

COMPREHENSION, page 33 1. F (She was tidy with her finances and had perfect credit.) 2. F (Someone had stolen her name, address, Social Security number, and driver’s license number.) 3. T 4. F (A “Michelle Brown” in Texas, not California, was charged with selling drugs.) 5. T

READING SKILL 2, page 34 1. Someone else was using her credit and had gotten a duplicate driver’s license in her name. 2. There was a phone bill and a bill for liposuction.

STEP 1: Organize, page 35 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF FRAUD IMPERSONATION IDENTITY THEFT (R2) (R1) a

b

d

c

e

f

STEP 2: Synthesize, page 35 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: FRANK: Fraud can often have financial consequences on more than one individual. I know that when I impersonated people, a hospital lost money paying me. Also, legal clients spent their money on my fake services. What were the financial consequences when your identity was stolen?

EXPAND 1, page 37 NOUN 1. deception 2. duplicate 3. a. fake b. fakery 4. fraud 5. honesty 6. impersonation 7. motive

VERB deceive duplicate fake

ADJECTIVE deceptive duplicate fake

ADVERB deceptively X X

X X impersonate motivate

fraudulent honest X motivated

fraudulently honestly X X

2, page 38 1. I believe that most doctors are honest. 2. I had a bad experience with a man who practiced fraudulent medicine. 3. Making money motivated him. 4. Not many people understood that he was a fake. 5. I wasn’t the only person that he deceived. 6. He wasn’t a real doctor, but his impersonation was good. 7. He had made a duplicate of someone else’s medical license.

GRAMMAR 2, page 40 1. I learned about a case of check fraud. 2. my neighbors were relaxing at home on Sunday. 3. my neighbors answered their door. 4. they took the checks to the bank. 5. a bank clerk finally became suspicious of what they were doing. 6. , the police arrested the two men. 7. I was watching the news on TV.



Answer Key

WRITE 1, page 42 1. The topic sentence is the first sentence. “When my friend went to a car repair service, it was the worst experience of his life.” 2. The writer supports the topic sentence by telling the story of going to the car repair service and giving details that show exactly why this was “the worst experience.”

c. Paragraph 2--It is also counting on getting money from everyday people who become interested in their television show they are planning to start soon. d. Paragraph 4 When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken.

DETAILS, pages 54 1. a 4. b 2. c 5. a 3. b

REVISE 2, page 44-45 1. b 2. a 3. a 3, page 45 Answers will vary. See suggested answers: 1. Once, I wasted a lot of time buying face cream that didn’t work. 2. I made a big mistake when I bought fraudulent language CDs. 3. My uncle had an embarrassing experience with a fraudulent hair product.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 55-56 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. a 3. b 2. c 4. b

COMPREHENSION, page 59 1.Two weeks; to avoid getting sick 2.In order for the passenger ship to leave Earth’s orbit 3.By spinning the spaceship 4.The supply ships arrive first in order to prepare the surface for the astronauts. 5.Seven hours

UNIT 3 READING SKILL VOCABULARY page 51 1. i 4. h 7. e 2. b 5. a 8. f 3. d 6. c 9. g

2, page 60 1. Three rovers on Mars and three ship orbiting the planet 2. A magazine 3. Three supply ships 4. Two weeks 5. 240 days

MAIN IDEAS

STEP 1: Organize, pages 60 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Lack of oxygen in Mars atmosphere 2. leave blank (no solution) 3. Spinning spaceships create gravity 4. Contact with people on Earth 5. Occupy mind with schedule of jobs, exercise 6. Lack of sleep 7. Weight gain

2, page 53-54 a.5 c. 2 b.3 d. 4 a. Paragraph 5--It is important to come up with solutions to possible problems before anyone actually goes on a Mars mission b. Paragraph 3-If your team is the first team to travel to Mars, your main responsibility when you get there will be to build a place where humans can live.

STEP 2: Synthesize, page 60-61



Answer Key

Answers will vary. Suggested answers. Mars One: Not having enough gravity can cause problems with your muscles, bones, and heart. What about on Mars? Mars has Woman: only 38 percent of the Earth’s gravity. Mars One: Boredom, lack of sleep, and weight gain. Mars One: you won’t have a chance to get bored. Mars One: You’ll have a lot of time to exercise. Mars One: feel isolated from people on Earth

3. The colonists use the radio to talk to their families on Earth. 4. The astronauts are isolated to avoid getting sick. 5. Mars One has a selection committee to choose four astronauts. 6. The colonists will exercise a lot to sleep well at night.

REVIEW, page 62-63 Across 2. isolated 5. automatically 8. speculation 9. survive 10. simulate 13. count

2, page 68 I. Topic Sentence: After graduating, I chose a job at the Ames Research Center in Mountain View (near San Francisco) instead of the job at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena (near Los Angeles) for three reasons. II. Supporting Point: The first reason was emotional. Supporting Details: I like to attend family get-togethers. I can get help if I need it. Parents are getting older. III. Supporting Point: It is smoggy and hot in Southern California. Supporting Details: I know because I lived there. IV. Supporting Point: The last reason I chose the job in Northern California is that San Francisco has far fewer people than Los Angeles does. Supporting Details: San Francisco’s population is about 800,000, and Los Angeles’ is about 3,500,000. San Francisco can’t really grow because it is surrounded by water on three sides, but Los Angeles can (and has) spread out a lot.

Down 1. Reaction 3. depression 4. engines 6. research 7. boredom 10. spin 11. artificial 12. establish

EXPAND, page 63-64 1. artificial 4. automatic 2. simulator 5. establish 3. isolated

GRAMMAR 2, page 65 1. b 4. A 2. e 5. F 3. c 6. d

3, page 66 1. Mars One needs to find money to go to Mars. 2. Planet builders need years to change the atmosphere of Mars.

WRITE 1, page 67-68 1. To choose between two jobs 2. Three 3. Emotion, air quality, population

REVISE 2, page 70 1. NASA treats and pays its employees well. 2. NASA carefully and fairly reviews each candidate. 3. In college, I studied astronomy and geology.



Answer Key

4. On my first day at my new job, the boss and my coworkers were very helpful. 5. When the Curiosity rover landed on Mars, I went on Mars time and didn’t see my family very much. 6. NASA has safely and proudly launched many spaceships. 7. I learned a lot and made many friends during my first year at NASA.

UNIT 4

VOCABULARY 2, page 77 1. e 5. g 2. f 6. h 3. I 7. j 4. c 8. a

9. d 10. b

Answer (c) does not mention women, so it is incomplete. Answer (a) is best because if a hen is louder than a rooster, the hen controls a family. According to the proverb, a family is unhappy when a woman is in control; therefore, it is better for a man to control the family. 2. b This answer is best because it includes two basic parts of being female, according to the proverb (having long hair and having a long tongue, which means that a woman is talkative). Answer (c) is not the best choice since the proverb does not suggest beauty, and answer (a) is only a misinterpretation based on the literal meanings of the words.

COMPREHENSION, page 86 1. F ( Most Americans speak only one language: English.) 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F (Not everyone agrees that English is a difficult language to learn.)

MAIN IDEAS READING SKILL 2, page 80 1. F (Ideas on language and gender have changed over the last 100 years.) 2. T 3. F (Poole has divided female speech into four categories.) 4. F (Poole and Tannen agree that male speech is focused on showing knowledge. 5. T 6. T 7. F (Proverbs from several cultures focus on how talkative women are.) 8. T

DETAILS , page 81 1. b (para. 2) 5. b (para. 6) 2. a (para. 3) 6. a (para. 6) 3. b (para. 3) 7. c (para. 7) 4. c (para. 3) 8. a (para. 8)

MAKE INFERENCES, page 83 1. a Answer (b) is impossible since “hen” means women and “rooster” means men.

2, page 87 1. c 3. e 2. d 4. f

5. b 6. a

STEP 1: Organize, page 87-88 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH AS A GENDER (R1) GLOBAL LANGUAGE (R2) 1. Women’s speech is viewed as excessive because they are less valued than men. 2. If women had more power, they might speak more directly like men do.

1. Native speakers of English don’t have to learn other languages.

3. One reason why women speak more politely than men is because they have less power.

3. People who speak English can communicate with others more conveniently.

2. One reason English has become a global language is because of war and politics.



Answer Key

STEP 2: Synthesize, page 88 I. Topic Sentence The use of language is an expression of power in individual societies and also between nations. II. Supporting Point: In most societies, men have more power than women. Supporting details: A. Male speech = more direct than female speech B. Female speech = more polite than male speech C. The myth of the “talkative woman” is part of many societies because women are less valued than men. III. Supporting Point: As a global language, English offers advantages as a tool of communication between nations. Supporting details: A. English has become a global language because of war and politics. B. Native speakers don’t have to learn other languages. C. Non-native speakers can communicate with others more effectively. IV. Concluding Sentence: Language use is an expression of power both internationally and also within individual societies. Suggested paragraph The use of language is an expression of power in individual societies and also between nations. First of all, in most societies, men have more power than women. Male speech is more direct than female speech, which is more polite. Also, the myth of the “talkative woman” is part of many societies because women are less valued than men. Language also expresses power internationally. As a global language, English offers advantages as a tool of communication between nations. English has become a global language because of war and politics and, as a result, native speakers don’t have to learn other languages. Also, non-native speakers can communicate with others more effectively by using English. To sum up, language use is an expression of power both internationally and also within individual societies.

REVIEW, page 89-90 1. dialect 9. myth 2. slang 10. uniqueness 3. synonyms 11. profanity 12. exception 4. dominate 5. sexism 13. excessive 6. talkative 14. proverb 7. inferior 15. valued 8. assertive

EXPAND 1, page 90 NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB

1.

assertiveness

assert

assertive

assertively

2.

domination

dominate

dominant

X

3.

exception

X

exceptional

exceptionally

4.

excess

exceed

excessive

excessively

5.

inferiority

X

inferior

X

6.

myth

X

mythical

X

7.

profanity

X

profane

X

8.

proverb

X

proverbial

X

9.

sexism

X

sexist

X

10

synonym

X

synonymous

X

11.

talkativeness

talk

talkative

X

12.

uniqueness

X

unique

uniquely

13.

value

value

valued

X

2, page 91 1. g 6. i 2. c 7. d 3. a 8. e 4. h 9. b 5. f

GRAMMAR 2, page 92 1. as fluently as 2. more rapidly than 3. more slowly than 4. as skillfully as 5. more carefully than 6. less perfectly than



Answer Key

WRITE 1, page 95 Point 1: Formality of Language Details/Examples: A: In English class: informal language with friends B: In the supermarket: polite language with the clerk Point 2: Asking for help Details/Examples: A: Speaking to people the writer knows well: it feels comfortable to ask for help with language B: Speaking to strangers: it doesn’t feel comfortable to ask for help Point 3: Topics Details/Examples: A: Topics discussed in class: easy to discuss because of learning new vocabulary B: Other topics: more difficult to discuss because of not knowing vocabulary

REVISE 3, page 96 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. My brother enjoys playing soccer with his friends. My sister, on the other hand, would rather spend time talking with hers. 2. Unlike the English language, which has developed as part of a culture, Esperanto was developed without any specific culture. 3. Boys often use “report” talk to show their knowledge. Girls, in contrast to boys, often use “rapport” talk to build relationships. 4. Men usually want to use a map or GPS to find directions. On the other hand, women usually want to ask strangers for directions. 5. My English class is very informal. However , the office where I work is very formal. 6. In contrast to speaking English to people I know well, which is easy, speaking English to strangers is sometimes difficult.

UNIT 5

VOCABULARY 2, page 103-104 1. b 4. a 7. a 2. a 5. a 8. a 3. b 6. b 9. a

2, page 106 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. Planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. 2. Lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain or even likely. 3. You may have to go back to school to be able to work in another field. You may have to retrain yourself in order to keep working at the same company or in the same field. 4. One opportunity can lead to another, especially if you can become an expert at something.

DETAILS, page 107 1. In your grandparents’ time, there was the prospect of working a job from graduation until retirement. 2. Skills you learn today will be obsolete very soon. 3. But most of us working today have to look beyond the little box of “career.” 4. An employer can always replace you or find someone who can do your job more cheaply. 5. Find something to do besides what you’re doing and keep finding a smarter way to do it. 6. Find someone who is willing to help you make your idea a reality. 7. You need to be a risk taker, an innovator, a problem solver, and a hard worker.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 108 Check numbers 2, 5, 6, 8, 10

COMPREHENSION, page 111 1. T 2. F (Cybersecurity officers work for universities and businesses.) 3. F (People are living longer because of biomedical engineering.)



Answer Key

4. T 5. F (Astrophysicists study the physical properties of the universe.)

READING SKILL 2, page 112 Computers: social media managers, game designers and developers, cybersecurity officers Medicine: health care professionals, biomedical engineers, physical and occupational therapists Space: asteroid mining engineers, astrophysicists Environment: sustainability directors

STEP 1: Organize, page 113 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: R1 r

R2 Game Designers and Developers Cybersecurity Officers Health Care Professionals Biomedical Engineers Asteroid Mining Engineers Astrophysicists

CARLOS: I think I’d rather work more directly with people. In medicine, I’d like to study nursing. Plus, in the future, maybe I’ll have enough money to go to medical school. NU AHN: I understand, but I’d rather be able to work at home. Maybe I could work in an office, but I don’t want to have a lot of people around me.

REVIEW, page 115-116 1. experts 7. ensure 2. prospects 8. freelancers 3. injured 9. obsolete 4. security 10. sustainable 5. benefits 11. outsourced 6. entrepreneur 12. strategies

EXPAND

y t i r u c e S b o J

g n i c r u o s t u O

u e n e r p e r t n E

r e c n a l e e r F

X







X





 /

X



X

X

 /

X





X

X



X

X

X



X

X

X

STEP 2: Synthesize, page 113-114 Answers will vary. Suggested answers. NU AHN: I liked learning about careers related to space like asteroid mining engineer and astrophysicist. Looking for ores on other planets sounds very interesting. Unfortunately, I don’t have the time or money to get more education, so I was looking at computer jobs, too, because I already know a lot about computers. I think a job as a game developer would be fun. It also seems like a job that will lead to becoming an entrepreneur one day.

1, page 117 1. beneficial 2. entrepreneurial 3. expert 4. occupational 5. prospective 6. strategic 7. sustainable

2, page 117 1. b 5. a 2. f 6. e 3. g 7. c 4. d

3, page 117 1. beneficial relationship 2. entrepreneurial spirit 3. expert advice 4. occupational hazard 5. prospective employer 6. strategic location 7. sustainable growth

GRAMMAR 2, page 119-120 1. enter 7. ‘ll think 2. will look 8. Go 3. am 9. don’t know



4. ’ll take 5. will you say 6. asks

Answer Key

10. will the interviewer do 11. go 12. ’ll learn

3, page 120-121 1. Before the year ends, 10 percent of the employees lose their job. Ten percent of the employees will lose their jobs before the year ends. 2. When the new boss arrives, we will be on our best behavior. We will be on our best behavior when the new boss arrives. 3. As soon as he has time, the boss will interview prospective employees. The boss will interview prospective employees as soon as he has time. 4. While we are in the office, we will check the numbers. We will check the numbers while we are in the office. 5. After the office party ends, who will clean up? Who will clean up after the party ends? 6. When we drive to work, we will pick up your friend. We will pick up your friend when we drive to work. 7. As opportunities arise, people will take advantage of them. People will take advantage of them as opportunities arise. 8. As soon as our business makes enough money, we will open another store. We will open another store as soon as our business makes enough money.

UNIT 6

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 133 4, 1, 2

II. A. research projects B. plants and animals C. animal and plant life 2, page 134-135 1. The writer of the essay is trying to find out the age of Antarctic ice. 2. The writer wants Antarctica to be closed to tourists. 3. Psychologists study how people behave when they live and work together in such a remote location. 4. Oil spills in Antarctica have killed penguins and destroyed a five-year scientific project. 5. Tour companies may not be concerned about the environment of Antarctica. 6. If we don’t protect Antarctica from tourism, there may be serious consequences for us all. 7. We know from past experience that when things get unbalanced, harmful changes can occur.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 139 1. a. Paragraph 3: Our work is difficult, and some of our projects can be damaged by such simple mistakes as opening the wrong door or bumping into a small piece of equipment. 2. a. Paragraph 3: Members of Greenpeace, one of the world’s leading environmental organizations, complain that tourists leave trash on beaches and disturb the plants and animals. 3. b. Paragraph 4: The need to protect Antarctica from tourists becomes even greater when we consider the fact that there is no government here. Antarctica belongs to no country. 4. b. Paragraph 5: If we don’t protect Antarctica from tourism, there may be serious consequences for us all. We cannot allow tourism to bring possible danger to the planet. The only way to protect this fragile and important part of the planet is to stop tourists from traveling to Antarctica.

READING SKILL DETAILS 1, page 134 I. A. the oldest B. view C. harsh

2, page 139 1. a 2. b 3. b



Answer Key

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 140 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Opinions of the Scientist: 3. c Opinions of the Tourist: 1. d 2. b 4. a

6. Even though scientists are interested in protecting Antarctica’s natural environment, tour companies are not. 7. We had an amazing time on this remote continent even though it was difficult to travel in such a harsh environment. 8. Because Antarctica is unbelievably scenic, tourists recommend it to their friends.

WRITE REVIEW, page 141 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: coastal: sunlight, temperature, research, beauty, environment, landscape fragile: environment, beauty, landscape, glaciers frozen: environment, landscape, continent harsh: effect, sunlight, temperature, environment, beauty, landscape, consequences, continent natural: effect, sunlight, environment, beauty, landscape remote: icebergs, glaciers, continent scientific: research vast: environment, landscape, continent, glaciers, icebergs

EXPAND, page 142 1. c; S 5. b; C / E 2. a; C / E 6. b; S 3. b; S 7. b; S 4. a; A 8. c; D

9. b; S 10. a; C / E 11. a; S 12. b; D (ice is not a correct choice because it is a noun)

1, page 147 1. And even though I can appreciate their desire to experience this vast and beautiful landscape, I feel Antarctica should be closed to tourists. 2. Paragraph 2: Because Antarctica is the center of important scientific research, it must be preserved for this purpose. Paragraph 3: Tourists in Antarctica can damage scientific research and hurt the environment. Paragraph 4: The need to protect Antarctica from tourists becomes even greater when we consider the fact that there is no government here. 3. Paragraph 2: examples Paragraph 3: examples and facts Paragraph 4: explanations 4. The only way to protect this fragile and important part of the planet is to stop tourists from traveling to Antarctica.

REVISE GRAMMAR 2, page 144-145 1. I had to interrupt my research and greet tourists even though I was very busy. 2. Even though I understand why tourists want to see Antarctica, they shouldn’t be allowed to visit. 3. Because the Earth’s temperature is rising, meteorologists are worried. 4. Antarctica’s unique environment is in danger because there is no government in Antarctica to help preserve it. 5. Even though tourists enjoy the beauty of Antarctica, they sometimes damage the environment.

2, page 149 1. c 2. a 3. b

UNIT 7

VOCABULARY 1, page 154 1. a, d, e 2. c 3. d, e 4. g 5. d, e

6. b 7. b 8. f 9. h



Answer Key

COMPREHENSION, page 162 2, page 155 1. b 5. j 2. I 6. f 3. h 7. a 4. g 8. e

9. c 10. d

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 158 1. d 4. a 2. b 5. c 3. e

DETAILS, page 158-159 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. A matchmaker helped by finding someone of the right age and background. 2. A successful marriage was one that produced sons. 3. They left at thirteen. 4. They stopped night visits if they thought a boy might not be a good husband. 5. They would get pregnant. 6. She wouldn’t be able to get married. 7. They believe unmarried women should not get pregnant. 8. It didn’t continue to exist because John Noyes left the community. 9. In 1890, polygamy was officially banned in the Mormon church.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 159-160 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: a. 3 Pregnancy showed that girls were marriage worthy because of fertility. b. 4 Boys at thirteen moved out of their parents’ home and were allowed to meet women. c. 1 The parents made the decision without asking the young couple. d. 3 The young people were free to marry whom they wanted, but if the husband later chose to take additional wives, the first wife couldn’t prevent it. e. 3 People were free to join the Oneida Community. Yet, by making this choice, they agreed to participate in group marriage and had to share their spouses with everyone.

1. F (He thinks that arranged marriage is the best way to find a marriage partner.) 2. T 3. F (His parents met for the first time on their wedding day.) 4. F (He wants to follow his parents’ example.) 5. T

READING SKILL 2, page 162 The details that precede the metaphor are all valuable: a happy marriage, working hard, and helping each other. 3, page 163 b and d

STEP 1: Organize, page 163 1. c 3. f 5. a 2. d 4. b 6. e STEP 2: Synthesize, page 164 ARRANGED MARRIAGE Culture 1: Traditional Chinese Culture 2: Vietnamese In an arranged marriage culture, parents are responsible for choosing a spouse for their children. In some cases, a matchmaker is used. Dating is not considered a good way to find a spouse in an arranged marriage culture. FERTILITY-BASED MARRIAGE Culture 1: Traditional Hopi Culture 2: Old Bavarian In fertility-based marriage, people may decide to get married when the female becomes pregnant. Young people are allowed to follow romantic feelings and find their own partners. The ability to get pregnant may be highly valued as proof of fertility.



Answer Key

PLURAL MARRIAGE Culture 1: Oneida Community Culture 2: Early Mormon In a plural marriage culture, a person is married to more than one spouse. A common form is polygamy, which occurs when a man has more than one wife. A less common form is group marriage, which occurs when all members of a group share partners as a community.

REVIEW, page 165-166 1. W 6. M 11. C 2. C 7. C 12. W 3. M 8. W 13. M 4. W 9. M 5. W 10. C

2, page 171 Kindness is the most important characteristic to the writer. The writer uses “most importantly” to describe this characteristic.

REVISE 2, page 173 1. similar 2. married 3. marriage 4. court

5. Courtship 6. Traditional 7. romance 8. tradition

9. Romantic 10. Similarity

UNIT 8

VOCABULARY EXPAND, page 166 1. b; S 5. a; S 9. c; S 2. a; A 6. c; C/E 10. c; A 3. a; C/E 7. b; S 4. c; D 8. c; A

2, page 180-181 1. a 5. b 9. B 2. a 6. a 10. a 3. a 7. b 4. a 8. b

GRAMMAR

MAIN IDEAS

2, page 168 1. a 5. a 2. the 6. a 3. a 7. a 4. a 8. a

2, page 185 1. F (The increase in carbon dioxide is related to global warming.) 2. F (The atmosphere is getting warmer.) 3. F (We can’t stop it, but if we act now, we can slow it and adapt.) 4. T

9. the 10. the

3, page 169 1. a 3. b 2. a 4. a

WRITE 1, page 170-171 1. Topic sentence: My spouse’s personality is very important to me. 2. The category is personality. 3. The characteristics are kindness, honesty, and a good sense of humor. 4. Reasons for each characteristic: kindness: it is difficult to live with someone who is mean or critical of others honesty: the writer wants a spouse who tells the truth and doesn’t hide things a good sense of humor: life is easier and more fun with laughter

DETAILS, page 185 1. c, f, h 4. a 2. d 5. f, g, h 3. i 6. b

7. f, h 8. c 9. e

MAKE INFERENCES, page 187 1. c 2. a 3. b

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COMPREHENSION, page 189 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. the International Panel on Climate Change 2. limits for gas emissions 3. to get attention and money for research



Answer Key

4. to support groups that discredit the idea of global warming 5. They think ExxonMobil tries to confuse with incorrect and dishonest information.

9. educated: debate, government, public 10. massive: confusion, emissions, evidence, production

GRAMMAR READING SKILL 2, page 190 1. in contrast 2. but 3. however

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 191 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Fossil fuels (coal and gasoline) are burned. 2. Some gases get used by plants to make food. 3. Some gases stay in the atmosphere. 4. The atmosphere gets more energetic. 5. The Kyoto Protocol is signed. 6. Companies such as ExxonMobil hire scientists to discredit other scientists.

2, page 196-197 1. may / might / could 2. may / might/ could 3. may / might/ could could 4. may / might/ could

5. Will 6. Are. . .going to be 7. may / might/

REVISE 3, page 201 1. since 2. As a result, 3. Consequently 4. as 5. As a result, 6. Because

7. Therefore, 8. since 9. As a result, 10. Because 11. As

REVIEW, page 193-194 1. emissions 8. atmosphere 2. warned 9. energetic 3. limits 10. energetic 4. fossil fuels 11. carbon dioxide 5. link 12. adapt 6. gases 13. affecting 7. escaped 14. debate

EXPAND, page 194-195 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. successful: agreement, government, production 2. clear: agreement, atmosphere, debate, doubt, evidence, gas, limits 3. warm: atmosphere, climate 4. powerful: debate, evidence, fossil fuels, limits, public 5. energetic: atmosphere, climate, debate, government, production 6. harmful: atmosphere, carbon dioxide, climate, emissions, fossil fuels, gas, production, limits 7. increasing: agreement, carbon dioxide, confusion, debate, doubt, emissions, evidence, gas, production 8. national: agreement, confusion, debate, government, limits


NorthStar R&W 3 AK

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