Nomenclature of A2()

 AS307 © RWGrime (Chemsheets.co.uk)

01/10/14

3.1 – NOMENCLATURE

homo homolog logou ous s seri series es

fuc fucti tio o!l !l grou grou" "

"refi# / suffi# ($ % usu!l use)

e#!m"le ethee

!lkees

&

C

C

&

&

&

&

&

C

C

C

&

&

&

suffix -ene -ene C

C

C

!lcohols

h!lo!lk!es

&

'&

suffix*  prefix

C   h!loge

'

 prefix

suffix

-ol -ol hydroxy-

&

chlorobromoiodo-

&

&

&

&

C

C

C

&

&

&

C

&

'

C

C

&

Cl

-al -al &

!lehes

'

&

& &

'

ketoes

&

'

&

C

C

C

suffix* - one -  one  prefix

C

&

oxo-

&

' C

&

&

'

C

C

suffix -oic - oic acid &

c!r*o#lic !cis

&

'&

'& &

&

&

C

C

&

&

suffix -nitrile - nitrile C

itriles

!mies

C

+&,

C

&

&

&

&

C

C

C

&

&

&

amino-

!ci !hries

 Amie

+

&

'

C

C

+&,

&

suffix -oate -oate '

&

&

!ci chlories

C

suffix* - amine -  amine  prefix

'

esters

&

+

'

C &

&

•

•

-f there is more th! oe fuctio!l grou" um*ers !re se"!r!te * comm!s ! the grou"s !re liste i !l"h!*etic!l orer (igorig di  tri  etc.). e.g. 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane, 2,2-dibromo-1-chlorobutane. Where there !re to fuctio!l grou"s *oth ith suffi#es the "referece for the oe to h!e the suffi# is c!r*o#lic !ci  !lehe  ketoe  !lcohol. e.g. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-aminopropanoic acid.

•

2he suffi# for !lkees c! go i frot of other suffi#es e.g. 2-chlorobut-3-enal.

•

-f ! um*er is ot ecess!r (i.e. the grou" coul ol *e i oe "l!ce) the o um*er shoul *e gie.

+um*ers !re se"!r!te * comm!s ! or ! um*ers * !shes e.g. 1-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane.  Alkanes •

C&3

C&3C&,C&(C&3)C&,C&3 3methl"et!e

C&3 1

C&,   C& , 3

C&3C&(C&3)C&(C&3), C&, 4

C&3C&,C&(C&3)C&3

C&3 

(C,&),C&C&(C&3)C&(C&3),

 Alkenes 2hese h!e the eig –ene. -f ecess!r the um*er of the "ositio of the ou*le *o !e *etee the !me stem ! the ee eig5 C&3C&,C&%C&, *ut1ee

C&3 4

C&,   C& 3 ,

C&, 1

C&3C&%C&C&3

(C&3),C%C&C&3

(C&3)3CC(C&3)%C&C&3

Haloalkanes Reg!r the h!loge !s ! su*stituet o the C ch!i ! use the suffi# -fluoro -chloro -bromo or -iodo ! gie the "ositio um*er if ecess!r5 Cl

C&3C&,C&,C&,Cl 1chloro*ut!e

C&3C&,6r 

 Alcohols

C&3

C&,

4

3

C&, ,

C&3C&-C&3

C&, 1

C&3C&,C&(C&3)C&,C&C&3

2hese h!e the eig -ol i "l!ce of the l!st e ! if ecess!r the "ositio um*er for the '& grou" is !e *etee the !me stem ! the 8ol (if there !re to fuctio!l grou"s it c! *egi ith hydroxy-)5 '&

C&3C&('&)C&,C&3 *ut!,ol

C&3C&(C&3)C&('&)C&3

C&3

C&

C&,

C&3

1

,

3

4

C&3C&,'&

C&3C&%C&C&,'&

 Aldehydes 2hese h!e the eig -al i "l!ce of the l!st e *ut o um*er is ecess!r for the !lehe grou" !s it must !l !s *e !t the e of the ch!i5 C&3

C&3C&(C&3)C&,C&' 3methl*ut!!l

C&3   C& 4

3

' C&,

C

,

1

&C'C&(C&3)C&,C(C&3)3

&

C&3C&,C&'

C&3C&(C&3)C&(C,&)C&,C&'

Ketones 2hese h!e the eig -one i "l!ce of the l!st e ith ! "ositio um*er if ecess!r *etee the stem ! the oe suffi#. 2he fuctio!l grou" c! go !t the *egiig if there is !other fuctio!l grou" !soxo-. C&3

C&3C&,C&(C&3)C'C&3 3methl"et!,oe

C&3 

C&,   C& 4

3

' C ,

C&3C'C&,C&,C&3

C&3 1

C&3C'C&,C&3

C&3C&(C&3)C'C&(C&3),

Carboxylic acids 2hese h!e the eig -oic acid i "l!ce of the l!st e *ut o um*er is ecess!r for the !ci grou" !s it must !l!s *e !t the e of the ch!i5 C&3

C&3C&,C&(C&3)C&,C''& C&3

3methl"et!oic !cic



C&, 4

C& 3

' C&, ,

C

C&3C&(C,&)C&(C&3)C''& '&

1

Nitriles 2hese e i –ile *ut the C of the C+ grou" couts !s oe of the ch!i. C&3C&,C&,C+

C&3 4

C&, 3

C&,

,

C+ 1

C&3C&,C&,C&,C&,C+

*ut!eitrile

 Amines 2hese e i –amine *ut it c! go !t the *egiig if there is !other fuctio!l grou" !s amino-.

C&3

C&3C&,C&,+&C&3 C&3

methl*utl!mie

C&,

C&,

C&3C&,+&,

C&,

+

(C&3),+C&,C&3 &

C&3C&,C'C&,+&,

9r! the structure of e!ch of the folloig org!ic com"ous. 1)

,methl"et!e

;)

*ut!oe

,)

,3imethlhe#!e

<)

*ut!oic !ci

3)

"et,ee

10)

,,imethl*ut!oic !ci

4)

3methl*ut1ee

11)

i"ro"l!mie

)

1chloro,,imethl*ut!e

1,)

"ro"!eitrile

:)

,methl"ro"!,ol

13)

3hro#*ut1ee

7)

*ut!!l

14)

4hro#"et!!l

+!me the folloig org!ic com"ous.

C&3 C&3

1) C&3

C&

C&3

,3)

C&

C&3

C&3

'

C& C&,

C

'&

1:)

C&3C&6rC(C&3),C&,C&,Cl

,4)

C&3C'C&,C&('&)C&3

17)

C&3

,)

C&3C&,C&,C&,C&'

1;)

(C&3),C%C&,

C&

C&,

,:)

C&3 ' C&3

1<)

(C&3)3CC&%C&,

,7)

C&3 C&3

,0) C&3

C

C&

C&, ' C&3

C&3  C&3

,,) C&3

C&,   C

C

C&3 '&

=

,<)

C&, C&

C

&

C&3C&,+&C&3

C&3  C&3

30) C&3

C&

C&3

C&3

(C&3),C&C&ClC&(C&3),

C

C&3C&(C,&)C&,C&,C''&

,;)

6r 

,1)

C&, C&

C&3

C&3

C&,   C

C

C&3 '&

C+

C&3