Nokia TETRA System
Indoor Base Station (TBS) Product Description
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Product Description
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this document. This document is intended for the use of Nokia Networks’ customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Networks. The document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation. The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia Networks and the customer. However, Nokia Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Networks will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the document. Nokia Networks’ liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction of errors. Nokia Networks WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the information in it. This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according to the applicable laws. NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only. Copyright E Nokia Networks Oy 1999. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Contents Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1 1.1
About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typographic conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 8
2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TBS in the TETRA system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TBS family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indoor TBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plug--in units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 9 10 10 11 12 12 12
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5
TBS operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baseband functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alarm interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MMI interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16
Appendix A. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
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Summary of changes
Summary of changes .
The following changes have been made since the previous issue of this document, dbda5006--02e General improvements in presentation of information and style have been made throughout the document.
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About this document
1
About this document This document introduces the Nokia TETRA Indoor Base Station (TBS) which is a network element of the Nokia TETRA System. For information about the complete set of documentation, refer to Nokia TETRA System: Description of Documentation. This guide assumes some previous knowledge of the Nokia TETRA System as well as some knowledge of telecommunications. Chapter 1 introduces the structure of the document. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the TBS. Chapter 3 briefly describes the basic functions of the TBS. Appendix A contains the specifications. The Glossary section explains terms and concepts used in this document as well as the abbreviations. The full version of the glossary is available as a separate document, Nokia TETRA System: Glossary. We welcome any suggestions for further improvement of this document. Also, should you find any errors or omissions in this document, please forward your comments to the local Nokia representative.
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1.1
Typographic conventions The following typographic conventions are used in this document: Convention
Item
Title Capitals
File and directory names, icon names, programs and applications, window names
Title Capitals in Bold
Dialog box titles
Bold text
Menu names and commands, buttons
Title Capitals in Italics
Referenced document titles
Text in italics
Emphasized text, new terms
SMALL CAPITALS
Key names, key combinations, key sequences
Monospace font
Output from the computer, user names, parameter names, passwords, database table names and counters, samples of code
Monospace in bold
Input that the user types
<>
Variable information to be supplied by the user is given between angle brackets < >
[ ]
Optional information in a command is indicated within brackets [ ]
Click File –> Exit
On the File menu, click Exit Notes (including cautions, tips, warnings and general notes) call your attention to information. The following symbols are used in the notes in our documentation:
!
Warning symbol. Warnings alert to dangers which may cause loss of life, physical injury or ill health in any form. Caution symbol. Cautions indicate possible damage to equipment or a possibility of loss of data.
!
Note symbol. Notes indicate additional information such as recommendations or tips. 1 2 3
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Task sequence symbol. Indicates the start of a procedure.
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Overview
2
Overview
2.1
TBS in the TETRA system A TETRA Base Station (TBS) of the Nokia TETRA System is a modular base station with one--to--eight --carriers . One to four carrier version (TBS basic cabinet) is available at present. The current 4--carrier TBS has a provision for future expansion to eight carriers by using a TBS extension cabinet (TBS basic cabinet + TBS extension cabinet). The TBS extension cabinet will be available later. A base station is always connected to a TETRA exchange (DXT) which controls it. The minimum network configuration consists of one exchange and one base station. The base stations can be connected to a ring network to eliminate the effect of transmission link interruptions. The architecture of a well designed radio network meets capacity and radio coverage requirements. The transmission interface unit provides a built--in add/drop multiplexing function to connect to a digital transmission system. This allows easy construction of chained and looped network topologies.
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Product Description
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS
DXT
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS
TBS TBS
TBS TBS
TBS
Figure 1.
2.2
TBS TBS chain, star, and ring topologies
TBS family The TBS family has versions both for indoor and outdoor use as well as for different frequency bands. For details of the outdoor TBS, refer to the Outdoor Base Station documentation. The TBS consists of cabinet(s), subracks with motherboards, plug--in units, power supplies, cooling fans, internal cabling, and external interfaces as well as software.
2.2.1
Indoor TBS The indoor TETRA Base Station (TBS) of the Nokia TETRA System is a modular one--to--eight --carrier base station. The basic cabinet TBS has a capacity of four carriers. The number of carriers can be doubled by means of an extension cabinet (currently not available) attached to the basic cabinet. Radio units as well as power supply modules can easily be added according to need to produce suitable configurations and to facilitate economic capacity growth with demand. The management of the TBS is integrated in the network management via the TETRA exchange (DXT). The basic cabin base station consists of one to four radio/power supply pairs, controller unit, transmission interface, receiver multicouplers, combiner system, and cabinet with cabling. The base station can also use two or three receiver antennas. They provide advanced antenna diversity in the receiver to achieve antenna diversity gain with omnidirectional antennas or to combine directional antenna patterns.
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Overview
In the normal operating mode the base station is controlled by the Nokia TETRA exchange. The local mode can be activated from the base station and used in maintenance and test purposes. The base station supports the downlink continuous transmission mode (D--CT mode) as specified in the TETRA standard.
Figure 2.
2.2.2
Example of a four--carrier indoor cabinet
Cabinet The cabinet consists of a steel body, rear panel, door, and cabinet roof. The cabinet body is covered with conductive coating and treated against corrosion. The cabinet facilitates quick and easy installation of the plug--in units as well as to provides adequate electromagnetic shielding to meet the EMC requirements.
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Product Description
2.2.3
Subracks The subracks are fastened from their front panels to the cabinet. The subracks consist mainly of two side--plates, top-- and bottom--plate, and the back plane which is a printed circuit board.
Figure 3.
2.2.4
Four TETRA base station radios inTTRX subrack
Plug-- in units All the plug--in units have connectors at rear via which they are connected to the motherboard of the subrack. Typically they have two euroconnectors. The plug--in units are fastened from their front panels to the subrack.
2.2.5
Cabling The cabling can be divided into three main categories: Front RF--cabling Rear cabling, mostly between subracks Top cabling for external connections The cables have labels for identification and indicating their correct routing.
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TBS operation
3
TBS operation In normal operation the whole TBS operates under the control of the DXT. The TETRA base station comprises the following functional blocks: transmission to DXT (TRUx unit) base band functions (TBC, TBBM of TTRX, TSD) RF functions (RF part of TTRX, Combiner, TRMC) mechanics (cabinet, racks, power supplies, busses) software
D1--bus
GPS
TSD
TX Antenna
D2--bus TTRX1 2 Mbit/s to DXT
TX
TRUA
RX
Q1--bus
Controller TBBM
TBC
RX Controller TBBM
FANs
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TTRXRF
TTRXn TX
Figure 4.
TX RX1 RX2 RX3
TX RX1 RX2 RX3 TTRXRF
TX Combining System
TAFU
1st RX Antenna RX Multicoupler system
Diversity Multicoupler system Triversity Multicoupler system
2nd RX Antenna
3rd RX Antenna
Power Supplies
TBS block diagram
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Product Description
3.1
Transmission The TETRA base station transmission functions are the following: an interface between the exchange and base band functions adaptation to different transmission interfaces support of base stations networking radio relay repeater station The LAPD is used for the DXT – TTRX signalling and also for DXT – TBC signalling in case that the is no optional 64 kbit/s timeslot for DXT – TBC signalling. The LAPD signalling contains e.g: Supervision and parametering signalling; Control signalling; Air interface signalling; The alarms sent to the TETRA exchange system are described in the DXT documentation.
3.2
Baseband functions The baseband functions consist of the TETRA base band module (TBBM) and TETRA base station controller unit (TBC). The base band system picks the input signals from the transmission via the D1 bus. It transfers the received signals to the RF system and performs functions as channel coding/decoding, interleaving/deinterleaving, and all other functions specified in the TETRA standard to support the radio path interface.
3.3
RF functions The RF --section consists of the transceiver RF modules, transmitter combiners, receiver multicouplers, and base station filtering equipment. The RF functions on the TX path convert the I/Q signals from the BB interface to a multicarrier RF signal to be fed into the TX antenna. On the RX path received signals from the antenna are delivered to the carrier units and down converted to be fed to the base band section at the IF level. The RF subsystem can support flexible multicarrier operation (from one to eight carriers).
3.3.1
Diversity The TTRX supports diversity receiving from 1 to 3 receivers. The RX antennas can be either omnidirectional (diversity) or directional (sector combining). In both cases gain will be achieved.
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TBS operation
3.4
Mechanics The mechanics consists of equipment cabinets, subracks with motherboards, power supplies, cooling fans and base station internal cabling. The cabinet provides housing for the RF, BB, and transmission units as well as power supplies, internal interfaces between different units via motherboards and cabling, base station external interfaces, EMC & EMI protection, and equipment cooling with fan units. The maximum capacity of 8 carriers requires two cabinets.
3.5
Capacity The carrier capacity of the base station is one to eight TETRA carriers. Because one carrier has four traffic channels the maximum capacity is 31 traffic channels plus one control channel. One to four carrier version (TBS basic cabinet) is available at present. The current 4--carrier TBS has a provision for future expansion to eight carriers by using the TBS extension cabinet (TBS basic cabinet + TBS extension cabinet). The TBS extension cabinet will be available in the future. The amount of units in different subracks is listed in Appendix A.
3.6
External interfaces The external interfaces for transmission and antenna cabling are routed via the cabinet top.
3.6.1
Air interface The air interface is designed according to the TETRA standards (specification ETSI 300392--2) to support multivendor terminal interoperability. The maximum output power of the transmitter is 25 watts (TETRA power class 2), measured at the 2--4 channel cavity combiner output. The dynamic sensitivity of the receiver is better than -- 106 dBm measured at the receiver multicoupler input. The base station is designed to support a maximal coverage. This is achieved by diversity reception. There are alternative frequency ranges e.g. 380 -- 400 MHz or 410 -- 430 MHz.
3.6.2
Alarm interface The external alarm interface on the cabinet top has connectors for 14 customer specific inputs.
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3.6.3
Power supply There are two alternative power supplies: one for 48 V DC input and the other for 230 V AC. The power supply connectors are on the cabinet top.
3.6.4
Transmission interface The base station supports the following transmission interface: G.703 / 2Mb/s as standard
3.6.5
MMI interface The MMI interface is used for monitoring states of the units, gathering statistics as well as alarm and failure messages, changing operational parameters of the units, and the HW--configuration of the TBS.
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Specifications
Appendix A. Specifications
A.1
Technical data Frequency bands (Rx/Tx)
380--400 MHz and 410--430 MHz
TX power (max) at combiner output
25W
RX dynamic sensitivity
> --106 dBm
Duplex spacing
10 Mhz
Switching range
<5 Mhz
Carrier spacing
25 kHz
TX combining
cavity, hybrid
Diversity receiving
2 or 3 receiver diversity
Supply voltage
230 VAC (184VAC...276 VAC) --48VDC (--36VDC...--60VDC) --60VDC (--44VDC...--75VDC)
Power consumption 4--carr. TBS 8--carr. TBS
2.3 kW max. 4.2 kW max.
Width
60 cm single, 122 cm with extension cabinet
Depth
48 cm
Height
162 cm
Weight
200 kg, 380 kg with extension cabinet
Operating temperature
--10_ C .... +55_ C
TBS 400 transmit mode:
downlink continuos (D--CT)
TBS management
integrated in the DXT exchange
O&M functions
local configuration alarm handling and test services
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A.2
Number of units in TBS
Table 1.
Maximum amount of units in cabinets
Unit
Quantity/ basic cabinet
in extension cabinet
TTRX
4
4
PSU
4
4
RMC
3
(3 dividers)
TRUx
1
COMBINER
2
TBC
2
TSD
1
2
Note The extension cabinet will be available in the future.
A.2.1
Common subrack units
Table 2.
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Common subrack equipping
Unit
Name
Status
Note
TRUx
Transmission Unit
Always quired
re- 1 per TBS
TBC1
TETRA Base Station Controller 1 Always quired
re- 1 per TBS
TBC2
TETRA Base Station Controller 2 Optional
TSD
TETRA Syncronization and D-- Optional bus adapter
1 per TBS
TRMC1
TETRA Receiver Multicoupler 1
1 per RX antenna
TRMC2
TETRA Receiver Multicoupler 2
1 per RX antenna
TRMC3
TETRA Receiver Multicoupler 3
1 per RX antenna
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Specifications
A.3
Operational conditions The TBS cabinet is designed to be used at weather protected locations. The TBS complies with ETSI 300 019--1--3 Class 3.1E. The actual temperature range of the TBS is --10 to +55_ C and the recommended +15 to 35_ C.
A.4
Storage The TBS in transportation package conforms to ETSI 300 019--2--1 Class 1.2 for environmental conditions during storage. The subracks and packing withstand mechanical conditions described in specification ETS 300 019--2--1 Class 1.2 vibration and shock test.
A.5
Tranportation The TBS in transportation package conforms to ETSI 300 019--2--1 Class 2.2 for environmental conditions during storage. The subracks and packing withstand mechanical conditions described in specification ETS 300 019--2--1 Class 2.2 vibration and shock test.
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References
References This section lists only the documents that this document refers to. For information about the complete set of documentation, refer to Nokia TETRA System: Description of Documentation. Nokia TETRA Base Station Documents
The complete set of TBS customer documents is in the TBS Operating Manual binder. TETRA Glossary
Nokia TETRA System: Glossary. Contains definitions for the terms and abbreviations for all Nokia TETRA System documents.
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Glossary
Glossary This section explains the terms and concepts that are used in this document.
Description of term
Abbreviations ADC
Analog Digital Converter
BER
Bit Error Ratio
CPU
Central Processing Unit
D--BUS
Internal control/data bus of TBS
D1--BUS
Internal Data bus of TBS, used for LAPD signalling
D2--BUS
Internal control bus of TBS between TBC and TBBMs
DMR
Digital Microwave Radio
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
DXT
Digital Exchange of Nokia TETRA Network
FER
Frame Error Ratio
GPS
Global Positioning System
MMI
Man Machine Interface
MML
Man Machine Language, the common language used in MMI
O&M
Operating and Maintenance
OCXO
Oven Crystal Oscillator, TBS master clock unit
PPS
Pulse Per Second
Q1--BUS
O&M connection to transmission equipment
RAM
Random Access Memory
RF
Radio Frequency
RRI
Radio Relay Interface (indoor unit of DMR)
TBC
TETRA Base station Controller
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TBBM
TETRA Base Band Module (part of the TTRX)
TBS
TETRA Base Station
TEM
TETRA Encryption Module
TRUx
Transmission Unit, e.g. TRUA
TSD
TETRA Synchronization and D--bus adapter
TSIP
GPS monitoring software
TTRX
TETRA Transceiver
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Index
Index A
MMI interface, 16
air interface, 15 antenna diversity, 10
N network topologies, 9
C O
cabling, 12 capacity, 10, 15 carrier, 9, 10
output power, 15
P
D
plug-- in units, 12
diversity, 14, 15
R
F
radio network, 9
frequency range, 15
S
L
subracks, 12
local mode, 11
T
M management, 10 mechanical subsystem, 15
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transmission interfaces, 16 transmission subsystem, 14 trunk interface, 9
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