Chase Sanborn, a trumpeter from Toronto explains why we play Jazz, how to learn the language and advancing by showing the 4 t's Transcribe, Transpose, Theory and Tunes.Full description
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Chess Tactics -Free BookFull description
Chapter #13: Power and Politics 1. Explain the role of dependence in power relationships (Power Tactics) Exam xam Q: What are are nine power or influence influence tact tactics? Li List and Exp Explai lain. n. Exam xam Q: What are nine nine power or influence influence tact tactics the mana manag ger’s use for control? ontrol? Explain. Exam Q: How do the managers control employee’s behavior through power or influence tactics? Explain (Three Times). •
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Power tactics are ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions. Nine different tactics are:
Legitimacy Rational persuasion Inspirational Inspirational appea appeals ls Consultation Exchange Personal appeals Ingratiation Pressure Coalitions Legitimacy Legitimacy is relying on authority position or saying a request accords with organizational policies or rules. Making legitimate requests is an effective influence tactic because most workers are willing to comply with regulations.
Rational persuasion Rational persuasion is presenting logical arguments and factual evidence to demonstrate a request is reasonable. Manager does require assertiveness and research to make this an effective tactic
Inspirational Inspirational appea appeals ls Inspirational appeals are developing emotional commitment by appealing to a target’s values, needs, hopes, and aspirations. Such an appeal is reinforced by an emotional display.
Chapter # 1 Exam Notes
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Consultation Consultation is increasing the target’s support by involving in deciding how will accomplish the plan. The influence target becomes more motivated to follow the manager’s request because the group members are involved in the decision making process.
Exchange Exchange is rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. Manager strikes a bargain through an exchange of favor to group members to achieve the goal.
Personal appeals Personal appeals are asking for compliance based on friendship or loyalty.
Ingratiation Ingratiation is using flattery, praise, or friendly behavior prior to making a request.
Pressure Pressure is using warnings, repeated demands, and threats for following a request.
Coalitions Coalitions are enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade the target to agree. Coalition formation works as an influence tactic because there is power in numbers. Some tactics are more effective than others. Rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, and consultation tend to be the most effective, especially when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes of a decision process. Pressure tends to backfire and is typically the least effective of the nine tactics
Chapter # 1 Exam Notes
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Preferred Power Tactics by Influence Direction •
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Depending on the direction of the influence that is desired, different tactics will be more effective as shown in the following table: Effective tactics in a upward direction is Rational Persuasion. Effective tactics in a downward direction (toward a lower-ranking person) are Inspirational appeal, Ingratiation and Pressure. Effective tactics in a lateral direction are Personal appeal, Exchange and Legitimating
Upward Influence
Downward Influence
Lateral Influence
Rational persuasion
Rational persuasion
Rational persuasion
Legitimacy
Legitimacy
Inspirational appeals
Personal appeals
Consultation
Consultation
Exchange
Exchange
Ingratiation
Ingratiation
Pressure
Coalitions
Factors Influencing the Choice and Effectiveness of Power Tactics Sequencing of tactics: Softer to harder tactics work best. Skillful use of a tactic: Relative power of the tactic user: Some tactics work better when applied • • •
downward or upward. • •
The type of request attaching to the tactic: Is the request legitimate? How the request is perceived: Is the request consistent with the target’s values?
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The culture of the organization: Culture affects user’s choice of tactic. Country-specific cultural factors: Local values favor certain tactics over others.
