Vocabulary New Inside Out Intermediate Abbreviations used
(art) article (v) verb (v*) irregular verb (adj) adjective (n) noun (phr v) phrasal verb (pron) pronoun (prep) preposition (det) determiner (f) feminine (m) masculine (pl n) plural noun (adv) adverb (conj) conjunction
Unit 1 Friends (page 4)
Phonetic symbols.
/ɪ/ big f ish /bɪ f ɪʃ ɪʃ/ /i / green beans /gri n bi nz/ /U/ should look /ʃʊd lʊk/ /u / blue moon /blu mu n/ /e/ ten eggs /ten egz/ /ɘ/ about moth er /ɘbaʊt mʌ.ɘ/ /ɜ / learn words /lɜ n wɜ dz/ /ɔ / short talk /ʃɔ t tɔ k/ /æ/ f at cat /f æt kæt/ /ʌ/ must come /mʌst kʌm/ /ɑ / calm start /kɑ m stɑ t/ /ɒ/ hot spot /hɒt spɒt/ /ɪɘ/ ear /ɪɘ/ /eɪ/ f ace /feɪs/ /ʊɘ/ pure /pjʊɘ/̈ /ɔɪ/ boy /bɔɪ/ /ɘʊ/ nose /nɘʊz/ /eɘ/ hair /heɘ/ /aɪ/ eye /aɪ/ /aʊ/ mouth /maʊɵ/ /p/ pen /pen/ /b/ bad /b.d/ /t/ tea /ti / /d/ dog /dɒg/ /tʃ/ church /tʃɜ tʃ/ /dʒ/ jazz /dʒ.z/ /k/ cost /kɑst/ /g/ girl /gɜ l/ /f/ f ar ar /f ɑ r/ /v/ voice /voɪs/ ː
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/ɵ/ thin /ɵɪn/ /ð/ then / ðen/ /s/ snake /sneɪk/ /z/ noise /noɪz/ /ʃ/ shop /ʃɒp/ /ʒ/ measure /meʒɘr/ /m/ make /meɪk/ /n/ nine /naɪn/ /ŋ/ sing /sɪŋ/ /h/ house /haʊs/ /l/ leg /leg/ /r/ red /red/ /w/ wet /wet/ /j/ yes /jes/
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admi re re (v) /ədˈmaɪə/ admirar : Which famous person do you admire most? anon anonym ymou ousl sly y (ad (adv) v) / əˈnɒnɪməsli/ anónimamen anónimamente: te: If you give something
anonymously , you give it without telling people who you are. aver averag age e (adj (adj)) /ˈav( av( ə)rɪʤ/ promedio: How many numbers does the average young person have on their mobile phone? on average / ˌɒn ˈ av av(ə)r ɪʤ/ en promedio: On average, how many friends do young people communicate regularly with online? brief (adj) /briːf/ breve: The film La Vie en Rose reminded David how brief life can be. brush (against) (v) /br ʌʃ (əˈgənst)/ rozar: If something brushes against you, you, you feel it touch your body. confid fide (v) (v) /kənˈfaɪd/ confiar: If you confide in someone, you tell them your private thoughts and feelings. dinn dinner er par party ty (n) (n) /ˈdɪnə pɑ:ti/ cena con amigos: A dinner party is a nice meal for several guests that is eaten in the evening at a friend’s home. dive (off) (v) /daɪv (ɒf)/ saltar de : If you dive off something, you move suddenly from it towards the ground. dream dream dinner dinner party party/holid /holiday ay etc etc /ˌdri:m ˈdɪnə pɑ:ti/ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ cena soñada: Your dream dinner party is one where you invite all your favourite people. English-speaking (adj) / ˈɪŋglɪʃˌspiːkɪŋ/ angloparlante: The United States and Australia are English-speaking countries. fall fall in love love /ˌf ɔ:l ɪn ˈlʌv/ enamorarse: La Vie en Rose reminded David how wonderful it is to fall in love. fear (n) /f ɪə/ temor: My greatest fear is standing on stage in front of thousands of people and forgetting what to say! fune funera rall (n) (n) /ˈfju fju:nrəl/ fun funera eral: l: A funeral is a ceremony for someone who has died. gift (n) /gɪft/ regalo: A “gift ” is another word for a “present”. grad gradua uate te (v) (v) /ˈgrad gradʒueɪt/ graduarse: When Will and Tina graduated from university, they went their separate ways. ˌ
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guilt guilty y ple pleas asur ure e /ˌgɪlti ˈpleʒə/ placer prohibido: A guilty pleasure is one you enjoy but feel slightly ashamed of. improve (v) /ɪmˈpru:v/ mejorar: Technology has improved the world in some ways, but not in others. 2 About you: Q & A (page 5) just taking it easy / ˌʤʌst ˌteɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈi:zi/ sólo tomándomelo con calma: “ What are you doing this weekend?” “ Just relaxing and taking it easy .” .” keep eep busy /ˌki:p ˈbɪzi/ mantenerse ocupado: If you keep busy , you always have something to do. life lifest styl yle e (n) (n) /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ estilo de vida: Will earns much more money than Tina so they have very different lifestyles . a living living (n) /ə ˈlɪ vɪŋ/ vida: “What do you do for a living?” “I’m a doctor.” loca locall (adj (adj)) /ˈləʊkl/ local: She was looking for someone to share the house and put an advertisement in the local newspaper. memo memory ry (n) (n) /ˈmem( mem(ə)ri/ )ri/ recuerdo: Your earliest memory is the first thing you remember doing as a child. mort mortal al (adj (adj)) /ˈmɔ:rtl/ mortal: All human beings are mortal – – we are all going to die.
the ocean (AmE) / ðˌi
ː ˈəʊʃn/ el océano: “The ocean ” is an American expression that means the same as the British expression “the sea”. real realis ise e (v) (v) /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ darse cuenta: David was happiest before he realised his family were all mortal. receive (v) /rɪˈsi:v/ recibir: Do you prefer giving or receiving gifts? remind (v) /rɪˈmaɪnd/ recordar/hacer acordar: The film reminded David of how brief life is. rent (v) /rent/ alquilar: Tina and Will rented the same house. replace (v) /rɪˈpleɪs/ reemplazar: Technology has replaced a lot of face-to-face interaction. research (TS) (n) /r ɪˈsɜ:ʧ; ˈri:sɜ:ʧ/ investigación: Hi, Carole, can I ask you a question for some research we’re doing? sati satisf sfac actio tion n (n) (n) /ˌsatɪsˈfakʃn/ satisfacción: I don’t earn a lot but I get a lot of satisfaction from my job. share (v) /ʃeə/compa /compartir rtir: We shared the same house for nearly three years. on stage /ˌɒn ˈsteɪʤ/ en el escenario: When an actor is on stage, he or she is performing in a theatre in front of an audience. straig straighta htaway way (adv (adv)) /ˌstre stre ɪtəˈweɪ/ enseguida: If something happens straightaway , it happens immediately. stressed (adj) /strest/estresado: Does technology make us happier or more stressed ? be supposed to be doing sth /b ɪ sə pəʊzd tə bɪ ˈduːɪŋ sʌmθɪŋ/: he olvidado lo q se supone estoy haciendo: haciendo: I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten what I’m supposed to be doing. surv survey ey (v) (v) /ˈsɜ:veɪ/ hacer una encuesta : If you do a survey , you ask a lot of people their opinion about something. topic opic (n) (n) /ˈtɒpɪk/ tema: A topic is a subject you talk or write about. ˌ
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/ʌnˈta ɪdi/ desorden: Tina was very untidy – I don’t think she knew where we kept the vacuum cleaner! Adverbs of frequency/Adverb phrases of frequency (page 7)
untidy (adj)
all the time /ˌɔ:l ðə ˈtaɪm/ todo el tiempo: Sharon texts all the time . always /ˈɔ:lweɪz/ siempre: She’s always online chatting with friends. every day/week/weekend / ˌevri ˈde ɪ/ˈwi:k/ˈwi:kend/ She calls me on Skype from Australia every weekend . from time to time /frəm taɪm tə ˈtaɪm/ de vez en cuando Adam texts from time to time , but not very often. never /ˈnevə/ nunca Sharon never sends emails. norma rmally lly /ˈnɔ:ml( :ml(ə)i/ )i/ normalmente Carole normally uses the telephone. not not very very ofte often n /ˌnɒt very ˈɒfn/ no muy a menudo Sharon does n’t speak on the phone very often . now now and and agai again n /ˌnaʊ ən əˈgen/ de vez en cuando Now and again she uses Skype. occasio asion nally ally /əˈke ɪʒnəli/ ocasionalmente Adam texts occasionally, but not very often. once/twic once/twice/thre e/three e times times a day/w day/week eek /ˌw ʌns/ˌtwaɪs/ˌθri taɪmz ə ˈdeɪ/ˈwi:k/ una vez/dos vez/dos veces/ veces/ tres veces al al día/ a la semana He checks checks his emails twice a day . rarely /ˈreəli/ rara vez I rarely write letters nowadays. regu regula larly rly /ˈregj regjʊləli/ regularmente A lot of young people regularly use messaging. usual sually ly /ˈju:ʒʊəli/ usualmente How do you usually contact your friends? ˌ
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Communication and Technology (Keeping in touch) (page 6)
chat (with) (v) /ʧat (wɪd) / charlar con Sharon is always online and chats with friends every evening. check your email /ˌʧek jər ˈi:meɪl/ chequear tu email How often do you check your email ? close close friend friendshi ship p (n) /ˌkləʊs ˈfrend ʃɪp/ íntima amistad A close friendship is one in which two people know each other very well. comm commun unic icat ate e (v) (v) /kəˈmju mju:nɪkeɪt/ comunicarse Nowadays a lot of people communicate regularly online. cont contac actt (v) (v) /ˈkɒntakt/ contactarse How do you usually contact your friends – by phone, email or text? email mail (n) (n) /ˈi:meɪl/ email How often do you check your email? face-to face-to-fac -face e (adv) (adv) /ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs/ cara a cara Do you prefer communicating online or face to face ? face-to face-to-fac -face e interact interaction ion / ˌfeɪs tə feɪs ɪntərˈak ʃn/ interacción cara a cara. Technology has replaced a lot of face-to-face interaction . letter (n) /ˈletə/ carta Carole rarely writes letters nowadays. (online) messaging (n) / (ɒnlaɪn) ˈmesɪʤɪŋ/ mandarse mensaje en línea ˌ
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Sharon uses online messaging to chat with her friends. mobile mobile phone phone (n) /ˌməʊbaɪl ˈf əʊn/ teléfono móvil How many numbers do you have on your mobile phone ? online (adv) /ɒnˈlaɪn/ en línea Do men or women spend most time online? by phone phone/em /email ail/te /text xt /ˌbaɪ ˈf əʊn/ˈi:meɪl/ˈtekst/ tekst/ por por teléfo teléfono/em no/email/ ail/ mensaje mensaje How do you usually contact your friends – by phone, email or text ? pick pick up the the phon phone e /ˌpɪk ʌp ðə ˈf əʊn/ levantar el teléfono Carole usually contacts her friends by picking up the phone . Skyp Skype e (n) (n) /ˈska skaɪpi/ Skype is a technology that allows you to use your computer like a telephone. social social networ networking king (TS) /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜ:kɪŋ/ red social Facebook and myspace are social networking sites. text (n) /tekst/ mensajes de texto How many texts do you get a day? text (v) /tekst/ mandar mensajes de texto Adam texts from time to time but usually uses the phone. Friendship expressions
become close friends /bɪˌkʌm kləʊs ˈfrendz/ convertirse en amigos íntimos W e had a lot in common and quickly became close friends . click (straightaway) (v) /kl ɪk (streɪtəweɪ) / congeniar enseguida We clicked straightaway and I told Will he could move i n. come from different different backg background roundss / ˌk ʌm frəm dɪfrənt ˈbak bakgr gra a ʊndz/ provenir de diferentes trasfondos culturales If two people come from different backgrounds , they have very different lifestyles. drif driftt apar apartt /ˌdrɪft əˈpɑ:t/ distanciarse Their lifestyles are very different now and they’ve drifted apart . fall fall out out (phr (phr v) /ˌf ɔ l ˈaʊt/ discuti r If two people fall out , they have an argument. get on well well (toget (together her)) /ˌget ɒn ˈwel wel (təgedə) / lleva llevarse rse bien bien (junto (juntos) s) We get on well together and are close friends. go your your separ separate ate ways ways /ˌg əʊ jə ˌseprət ˈweɪz/ ir por caminos separados After university, they went their separate ways . hav have a lot lot in comm common on / hav hav ə lɒt ɪn ˈkɒmən/ tener tener mucho mucho en común común We have one thing in common – we’re both crazy about football. have have your your ups ups and dow downs ns /ˌhav jər ʌps ən ˈdaʊnz/ tener buenos y malos momentos. Everyone has ups and downs – good moments and bad moments. hit it off /ˌhɪt ɪt ˈɒf/ llevarse bien When two people hit it off , they like each other a lot. be opposites (TS) /bi ˈɒpəzɪts/ ser opuestos Despite being friends, Antonia and Jackie are opposites in many ways. She’ll/He’ll always be there for me / ˌʃi:l/ˌhi:l ɔ:lweɪz bɪ ˈdeə fə mi:/ Él o ella siempre estarán allí. Although our lifestyles are different, Tina will always be there for me. ˌ
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Meeting friends unexpectedly Greetings
How How are are thin things gs?? “Fine.”
/ˌhaʊ ə: ˈθɪŋz/
“How are things? ”
How’ How’ss it goin going? g? bad.” How’ How’ss life life??
/ˌhaʊz ɪt ˈgəʊɪŋ/ /ˌhaʊz ˈlaɪf/
“How’s life? ” “Great, thanks!”
Saying things are OK
Fine. Great! Not bad.
“How’s it going? ” “Not
/faɪn/ /greɪt/ /ˌnɒt ˈbad/
“How are things?” “Fine.” “How’s life?” “Great! ” “How’s it going?” “Not bad. ”
Asking for news
What What are are you up up to these these day days? s? / ˌw ɒt ə: ju: ˈʌp tu: di:z deɪz/ ¿En qué andas estos días? “What are you up to these days? ” “Oh, keeping busy, you know.” What What have have you been up to to lately?/ lately?/ˌw ɒt əv jə bɪn ˈʌp tu: leɪtli/ ¿Qué has estado haciendo recientemente? “ What have you been up to lately? ” “Not a lot, really.” Saying you’re in a hurry
Better Better get back back to the office office.. / betə get get bak bak tə di: ˈɒf ɪs/ Mejor vuelvo a la oficina Better get back to the office. See you. I’m afraid afraid I can’t can’t stop. stop. /ˌaɪm ə freid aɪ kɑ:nt ˈstɒp/ me temo q no puedo parar Look Look,, I must must dash dash.. /ˌlʊk aɪ ˌmʌst ˈdaʃ/ Mirá, Mirá, debo irme irme rápido rápido Look, I must dash – I’ll give you a call. ˌ
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Goodbyes
I’ll give you a call. /ɑ il ˌgɪv ju: ə ˈkɔ:l/ Look, I must dash – I’ll give you a call . See you. ou. /ˈsi ˌju:/ Better get back to the office. See you. Take Tak e care care.. / ˌ ɪk ˈk/eəte I’m afraid I can’t stop. Take care . ː
Te llamaré Nos vemos Cuidate
Unit 2
attack (v)
/əˈtak/ atacar The dog ran towards Jake and tried to attack him. awesome (adj) (TS) /ˈɔ:s( :s(ə)m/ )m/ impresionante, increible Something that is awesome is very enjoyable or exciting. bark (v) (TS) /bɑ:k/ ladrar An enormous dog ran towards me, barking like mad. best-e best-equ quipp ipped ed (adj) (adj) /ˌbest best iˈkwɪpt/ mejor equipado The best-equipped sports shop is the one that sells the most equipment. book (v) /bʊk/ reservar I called the skydiving centre and booked my first jump. bump bump into into sb (phr (phr v) /ˈbʌmp ˌɪntə sʌmbədi/ encontrarse de casu casual alid idad ad While While I was was walk walkin ing g to to wor work, k, I bumped into an old friend. clou cloudl dles esss (adj (adj)) /ˈkla klaʊdləs/ despejado A cloudless day is fine and sunny with no clouds. coll collid ide e (wit (with) h) (v) (v) /kəˈlaɪd (wɪd) / chocar con A skydiver collided with Mike’s parachute and he fell and hit the ground. 3
disaster struck
/dɪˈzɑ:st :stə
str strʌk/
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el desastre ocurrió
Disaster struck on Mike’s 1040th jump when he had a serious accident. drive drive into into sth (phr (phr v) /ˌdraɪv ˈɪntə sʌmθɪŋ/ chocar The car appeared out of nowhere and I nearly drove into
it! fanc fancy y (v) (v)
/ˈfans fansi/ i/ gustar If you fancy someone, you think that they are very attractive. female female-on -only ly (adj) (adj) (TS) (TS) /ˌfi:meɪlˈəʊnli/ sólo para mujeres Female-only courses are designed to encourage women to start rock climbing. for chari charity ty /fə: ˈʧarəti/ por caridad caridad / If you do do something something for charity , you do it to make money for an organization that helps people. free free-fa -fall( ll(v) v) /ˈfri fri:ˌf ɔ:l/ caer libremente Mike experienced a rush of adrenalin when he was free-falling. gallo allop p (v) (v) /ˈgaləp/ galopar When a horse gallops , it runs very fast. go down down (phr (phr v) /ˌgəʊ ˈdaʊn/ descender The sun goes down at the end of the day. heavil heavily y (adv) (adv) (TS) (TS) /ˈhevɪli/ pesadamente If you fall heavily, you hit the ground very hard when you fall. be hooked (on sth) /bɪ ˈhʊkt ɒn/ estar enganchado enganchado con Mike is hooked on skydiving and can’t live without it. jump (n) salto ʤʌmp/ / From the first skydiving jump, Mike was hooked. kick kick-o -off ff (n) (n) /ˈkɪkˌɒf/ puntapié inicial The kick-off in football or rugby is the moment when the match starts. knock knock sb over over (phr (phr v) /ˌnɒk sʌmbədi ˈəʊvə/ derribar A player from the other team knocked Andy over and he fell heavily. motiva motivatio tion n (n) /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ motivación Mike’s only motivation to get better was so that he could start skydiving again. my mind went blank /maɪ ˌmaɪnd went ˈblaŋk/mi mente mente se puso en blanco/ If your mind goes blank , you are unable to remember or think about anything. nine-t nine-to-f o-five ive day day (n) /ˌnaɪntə faɪv ˈdeɪ/ día de 9 a 5 A nine-to-five day is a typical day at work for people who work in offices. No way! /ˌnəʊ ˈweɪ/ de ninguna manera“Would you like to do a parachute jump?” “ No way! I’m too frightened!” nothin nothing g else else matte mattered red /ˌnʌθɪŋ els els ˈmat matəd/ nada más importaba Skydiving became my reason for living – nothing else mattered . roller roller coast coaster er (n) /ˌrəʊlə ˈkəʊstə/ montaña rusa A roller-coaster is a large structure at a fair that you have fast rides on. run runway way (n) (n) /ˈrʌnweɪ/ pista de aterrizaje A runway is a long road used by planes to land and take off. rush rush of adrena adrenalin lin (n) /ˌrʌʃ əv əˈ dre dren nəl ɪn/ torrente de adrenalina Mike experienced a rush of adrenalin when he was free-falling. show off (phr v) (TS) /ˌʃəʊ ˈɒf/ alardear / ˌ
If you show off , you behave in a way that attracts people’s attention and makes them admire you. sign (v) /saɪn/ firmar If you sign a document, you write your name on it using a pen. slow slow down down (phr (phr v) (TS) (TS) /ˌsləʊ ˈdaʊn/ aminorar la velocidad Cindy started to slow down , ready to turn off the motorway. be suspended in the the air (TS) /bɪ sə spend ɪd ɪn ði ˈ eə/ estar estar suspend suspendido ido en el aire. “Hangtime” is when you jump and try to stay suspended in the air for as long as possible. tiny tiny (adj (adj)) /ˈtaɪni/ diminuto Five of us walked to the runway and got into a tiny plane. traf traffic fic jam jam (n) (n) /ˈtraf traf ɪk ˌʤam/ congestionamiento de tránsito I often get stuck in traffic jams on the way to work. trai traini ning ng (n) (n) /ˈtre treɪnɪŋ/ entrenamiento We had a day’s training before doing our first jump. turn turn off (phr (phr v) (TS) (TS) /ˌtɜ:n ˈɒf/ salir (de la carretera) Cindy started to slow down, ready to turn off the motorway. ˌ
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Adjectives
angry
/ˈaŋgri/ enojado She was angry when he arrived half an hour late. astoni sh shed /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ asombrado When you are astonished, you feel extremely surprised. boi lili ng ng /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ hirviendo “It’s hot in here.” “Hot? It’s absolutely boiling!” cold /kəʊld/ frío “It’s cold in here.” “Cold? It’s absolutely freezing!” dirty /ˈdɜ:ti/ sucio His clothes weren’t just dirty – they were absolutely filthy! exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ emocionante For Mike, skydiving is more than exciting, it’s absolutely thrilling. exhausted /ɪgˈzɔ:stɪd/ exhausto When you are exhausted, you feel extremely tired. fasc fascin inat atin ing g /ˈfas fasɪneɪtɪŋ/ fascinante She’s a very interesting person to talk to – fascinating, in fact. filthy /ˈfɪ lθi/ mugr mugrie ient nto/ o/as asqu quer eros oso o His His clot clothe hess wer weren en’t ’t just just dirt dirty y – they they were were really filthy! free freezi zing ng /ˈfri fri:zɪŋ/ helado “It’s cold in here.” “Cold? It’s absolutely freezing!” frig fright hten ened ed /ˈfra fraɪtnd/ asustado W hen Jake saw the dog, he wasn’t just frightened, he was terrified! funny /ˈfʌ ni/ divertido “It was a funny film.” “Funny? It was hilarious!” furiou riouss /ˈfjʊəriəs/ furioso She was furious that he forgot to phone her. 4
gorge orgeou ouss gorgeous!”
hilarious hot
interesting pretty gorgeous!” surpri se sed 70%. terr errifie ified d terrified!
thrilling
tired
/ˈgɔ:ʤəs/ magnífico “She’s a pretty girl, isn’t she?” “Pretty? She’s absolutely
a twist twisted ed ankle ankle /ə twɪstɪd ˈaŋkl/ un tobillo torcido Andy fe fell he heavil y on hi hi s l eg eg an and ha had a twisted ankle .
/hɪˈleəriəs/ comiquísimo “It was a funny film.” “Funny? It was hilarious!” /hɒt/ caliente “It’s hot in here.” “Hot? It’s absolutely boiling!” /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ interesante She’s a very interesting person to talk to – fascinating, in fact. /ˈprɪti/ bonita “She’s a pretty girl, isn’t she?” “Pretty? She’s absolutely
athletics (n) /aθˈletɪks/ atletismo Athletics are sports events such as running races, jumping and throwing things. Badminton is a badm badmin into ton n (n) (n) /ˈbadm badmɪntən/ game in which two or four four players hit a shuttlecock(plumilla, volante) across a net. base baseba ball ll (n) (n) /ˈbeɪsˌbɔ:l/ béisbol Baseball is a very popular sport in the USA, but not very popular in the UK. bask basket etba ball ll (n) (n) /ˈbɑ:skɪtˌbɔ:l/ básquetbol Basketball is a game for two teams who get points by throwing a ball through a net. boxing ing (n) (n) /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ boxeo Boxing is a very dangerous sport. bung bungee ee jump jumpin ing g (n) (n) /ˈbʌnʤi: ˌʤʌmpɪŋ/ Bungee jumping is a sport in which you jump from a high place attached to a long piece of rubber. cycl cyclin ing g (n) (n) /ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ ciclismo I enjoy cycling and love watching the Tour de France. Fishing is a peaceful and relaxing fish fishin ing g (n) (n) /ˈf ɪʃɪŋ/ sport. foot footba ball ll (n) (n) /ˈf ʊtbɔ:l/ fútbol Do you have a favourite football team? golf (n) /gɒlf/ Golf is a sport in which you try to hit a small white ball into a hole, using a stick. hors horse-r e-rid idin ing g (n) (n) /ˈhɔ:sˌraɪdɪŋ/ equitación Do you agree that horse-riding is more popular with girls? ice ice hock hockey ey (n) (n) /ˈaɪs ˌhɒki/ hockey sobre hielo / Ice hockey is a sport played on ice in which two teams try to hit an object into the other team’s net. Judo is a sport in judo (n) ˈʤu:dəʊ/ / which you use your body to try to throw your opponent to the ground. karate (n) /kəˈrɑ: ti/ Karate is a sport from Japan in which people hit each other using their hands, feet, arms and legs. kite kite surf surfin ing g (n) (n) /ˈkaɪt ˌsɜ:f ɪŋ/ Toby says that kite surfing is the most exciting thing he’s ever done. rock rock clim climbi bing ng (n) (n) /ˈrɒk ˌklaɪmɪŋ/ alpinismo/escalada en roca Rock climbing can be dangerous so you must have the right equipment.5 rug rugby (n (n) /ˈrʌgbi/Rugby is a team sport that is played with a ball shaped like an egg. runn runnin ing g (n) (n) /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ Running is a popular way to keep fit. sail sailin ing g (n) (n) /ˈseɪlɪŋ/ navegación/vela Sailing is the sport of travelling across water in a boat. scub scuba a div divin ing g (n) (n) /ˈsku sku:bə daɪvɪŋ/ buceo Scuba diving is the activity of swimming under water with a container of air on your back and a tube for breathing through.
/s /səˈpraɪzd/ sorprendido I didn’t think I would pass the exam so I was surprised to get /ˈter terəfaɪd/ aterrorizado W hen Jake saw the dog, he wasn’t just frightened, he was /ˈθrɪlɪŋ/ emocionante For Mike, skydiving is more than exciting, it’s absolutely thrilling. /ˈtaɪəd/ cansado When you are exhausted, you feel extremely tired.
Complaints/Injuries
a bag of ice
/ə ˌbag əv ˈaɪs/ una bolsa de hielo You’d better put a bag of ice on that black eye. a black black eye /ə ˈblak blak aɪ/ un ojo negro The ball hit me in the face and I got a black eye . blis bliste ters rs (n pl) pl) /ˈblɪstəz/ ampollas W e’d walked 25 kilometres and had terrible blisters on our feet. a broken broken arm/leg/th arm/leg/thumb umb etc /ə brəʊkn ˈɑ:m/ˈleg/ˈθʌm/ un brazo, pierna, dedo gordo roto I got a broken thumb playing tennis. cream /kri:m/ crema Put some cream on your nose – it’s really red. cramp (n) /kramp/ calambre People often get cramp when they haven’t drunk enough liquid. hurt hurt your your back/ back/arm arm/foo /foott etc / ˌh ɜ:t jə ˈbæk bæk/ˈɑ m/ˈf ʊt/ doler la espalda/brazo/pie She hurt her back lifting some heavy boxes. keep keep your your leg leg up /ˌki:p jə ˈleg leg ʌp/ mantener el pie arriba If you’ve got a twisted ankle, you should lie down and keep your leg up . lie lie down /ˌlaɪ ˈdaʊn/ acostarse If you’ve got a twisted ankle, you should lie down and keep your leg up. plast laster er /ˈplɑ:stə/ curitas You need to put some plasters on those blisters. be stung (by a wasp) /bɪ ˈstʌŋ (baɪ ə wɒsp) / ser picado (por un avispa) avispa) If you’ you’re stung by a wasp , you should put some ice on the sting. sunb sunbur urn n (n) (n) /ˈsʌnˌbɜ n/ quemadura de sol You’ve got sunburn – your nose is really red! swol swolle len n (adj (adj)) /ˈswəʊlən/ hinchado My wrist is swollen – I think I’ve twisted it. ˌ
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Sports
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5
skat skatin ing g (n) (n) /ˈske skeɪtɪŋ/ patinaje Skating is an activity in which you move quickly over a surface using special footwear called skates. skii skiing ng (n) (n) /ˈski ski ɪŋ/ esquí Skiing is the sport of moving over snow using special footwear called skis. skyd skydiv ivin ing g (n) (n) /ˈska skaɪˌdaɪvɪŋ/ paracaidismo (en la modalidad de caída libre) Skydiving is a sport in which you jump from a plane using a parachute. snow snowbo boar ardi ding ng (n) (n) / ˈsnəʊˌbɔ:dɪŋ/ Snowboarding is a sport in which you move over the snow using a special board. surf surfin ing g (n) (n) /ˈsɜ:f ɪŋ/ Surfing is a sport in which you move over waves on the sea using a special board. swim swimmi ming ng (n) (n) /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ Swimming after work helps me relax. Table tabl table e tenn tennis is (n) (n) /ˈteɪbl ˌtenɪs/ ping-pong tennis is a sport in which players hit a small white ball over a net in the middle of a table. tenn tennis is (n) (n) /ˈten tenɪs/ Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer are both famous tennis players. volle volleyb ybal alll (n) (n) /ˈvɒliˌbɔ:l/ Volleyball is a sport in which two teams hit a ball to each other over a high net. wind windsu surf rfin ing g (n) (n) /ˈwɪndˌsɜ:f ɪŋ/ Windsurfing is a sport in which you move across water standing on a flat board with a sail. ː
Unit 3
appa ppalled lled (ad (adj) /əˈpɔ:ld/ consternado /horrorizado When Bill proposed to Ruth on the radio, his mother was shocked and appalled . be like chalk and cheese /bi la ɪk ˌʧɔ:k ən ˈʧi z/ ser como tiza y queso / (ser completamente diferente) diferente) Ben and Tony are very different different – in fact they ’re like chalk and cheese . carry carry around around / ˌkari əˈraʊnd/ lleva. A lot of people carry photos around of their family. challenge (v) /ˈʧalənʤ/ desafiar If you challenge someone’s opinions, you do not always accept or agree with them. frown (at sb) (v) /fraʊn (ət sʌmbədi) / fruncir el ceño When you frown at someone, you look at them as if you are annoyed. get a story (TS) /ˌget ə ˈ stɔ:ri/ obtener una historia The tabloid press have been waiting for us to split so they can get a story . love lovers rs (n pl) pl) /ˈlʌvəz/ amantes Two lovers are two people who have a romantic or sexual relationship. make make sb’s sb’s life life hell hell (TS) (TS) /ˌmeɪk sʌmbədiz la laɪf ˈhel/ hacer la vida vida de alguien un infierno. The tabloid press wouldn’t leave us alone and made our lives hell ! mess about about (phr v) /ˌmes əˈbaʊt/ hacerse el tonto When you mess about , you behave in a silly way. prec precio ious us (adj (adj)) /ˈpre preʃəs/ preciosa This photo is precious because it reminds me of why I’m sponsoring Amanda. ː
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run a competition /ˌrʌn ə kɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ organizar una competición A radio station station was running a competition called “Two Strangers and a Wedding”. spon sponso sorr (v) (v) /ˈspɒnsə/ patrocinar/apoyar Debra is sponsoring a child in India through Action Aid. spot (v) (TS) /spɒt/ Clare spotted Stan at the airport immediately – he looked just like his photo. stare stare (at) (at) (v) (TS) (TS) /ste /steə(r) (ət) / mirar fijamente Ruth and Bill can’t walk down the street without people staring at them. tabloi tabloid d press press (n) (TS) (TS) /ˌtabl tablɔɪd ˈpres/ prensa sensacionalista The tabloid press are newspapers that are not very serious. tensi ensio on /ˈten tenʃn/ tensión Chris and his girlfriend were playing the part of lovers so there was a lot of tension on the set. ˌ
Adjectives of Character
ambi ambiti tiou ouss /am /amˈbɪʃəs/ ambicioso Someone who is ambitious wants to be successful. amusing /əˈmju:zɪŋ/ divertido Someone who is amusing makes you laugh. arrogant /ˈar əgənt/ arrogante Someone who is arrogant thinks they are better or more important than other people. artistic /ɑ:ˈtɪstɪk/ artístico Artistic people are creative and sensitive. bigbig-he head aded ed /ˌbɪgˈhedɪd/ engreído “Big-headed” is a word that means the same as “arrogant”. bossy /ˈbɒsi/ mandón Someone who is bossy likes telling other people what to do. broa broad-m d-min inde ded d /ˌbrɔ:d ˈmaɪndɪd/ liberal/tolerante Someone who is broad-minded accepts different opinions and ways of behaving. cheerful /ˈʧɪəfl/ alegre Someone who is cheerful is usually in a good mood. confid fident ent /ˈkɒnf ɪd(ə)nt )nt/ seguro Someone who is confident believes in themselves and is not nervous or frightened. consid sidera erate /kənˈs ɪd(ə)rət/ considerado Someone who is considerate thinks about what other people want or feel. contro ntroll llin ing g /k /kənˈtrəʊlɪŋ/ controlador Someone who is controlling likes to control or dominate situations. crea creati tive ve /kri /kriˈe ɪtɪv/ creativo Someone who is creative has imagination and new ideas. demanding /dɪˈmɑ:ndɪŋ/ demandante Someone who is demanding needs a lot of attention. down down-to -to-ea -eart rth h /ˌdaʊntuˈɜ:θ/ con los pies sobre la tierra Someone who is down-to-earth is practical and realistic. dull /dʌl/ monótono/aburrido Someone who is dull is not very interesting. 6
easy easygo goin ing g /ˌi:ziˈgəʊɪŋ/ despreocupado Someone who is easygoing is relaxed and calm. fait faith hful ful /ˈfeɪθfl/ fiel Someone who is faithful supports their partner and does not have relationships with anyone else. generous /ˈʤenərəs/ generoso Someone who is generous happily gives other people their time or money. hard hardwo work rkin ing g /ˌhɑ:dˈwɜ:kɪŋ/ trabajador Someone who is hardworking works hard to achieve things. help helpfu full /ˈhelp helpfl/ fl/ colaborador Someone who is helpful is ready to help other people. impractical /ɪmˈprakt ɪkl/ poco práctico Someone who is impractical is not sensible or good at doing practical things. independent / ˌɪndɪˈpend pendənt/ nt/ independiente Someone who is independent prefers to do things by themselves. kind /kaɪnd/ amable Someone who is kind behaves in a way that shows you care about other people. loyal /ˈlɔɪ əl/ “ leal Loyal” is a word that means the same as “faithful”. mean /mi:n/ ávaro/ tacaño Someone who is mean is unkind or unpleasant. mise iserab rable /ˈmɪz(ə)rəbl/ deprimente/triste Someone who is miserable is unhappy or always in a bad mood. modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ modesto Someone who is modest does not tell other people about their abilities or achievements. narr narrow ow-m -min inde ded d /ˌnarəʊˈmaɪndɪd/ in intolerante Someone wh who is is narrowminded does not accept different opinions or ways of behaving. optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ optimista Someone who is optimistic is cheerful and thinks that good things will happen. outgoi tgoin ng /ˌaʊtˈgəʊɪŋ/ extrovertido Someone who is outgoing is friendly and likes meeting other people. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ cortés. Someone who who is polite behaves towards other people in a pleasant way that does not offend them. prac practi tica call /ˈprak praktt ɪkl/ práctico Someone who is practical makes sensible decisions or choices. rea realist listic ic /ˌrɪəˈlɪ stɪk/ realista Someone who is realistic accepts and understands things as they are. relaxed /rɪˈlakst/ relajado Someone who is relaxed does not easily get upset or annoyed. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ confiable Someone who is reliable does what they say they will do. romantic /rəʊˈmant ɪk/ romántico Someone who is romantic believes that things are better or more exciting than they are.
rude /ru:d/ maleducado/grosero Someone who is rude says or does things that offend other people. self-assure self-assured d /ˌself əˈʃɔ:d/ seguro de sí “Self-assured” is a word that means the same as “confident”.
self self-c -cen entr tre ed
/ˌself selfˈsent entəd/
egocéntrico Someone who is
self-centred is only interested in themselves and does not think of other people.
self selfis ish h /ˈself self ɪʃ/ egoísta “Selfish ” is a word that means the same as “self-centred”. sen sensit sitive ive /ˈsen sensətɪv/ sensible Someone who is sensitive is aware of the needs of other people. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ serio Someone who is serious thinks carefully about things and does not laugh much. shy /ʃaɪ/ tímido Someone who is shy feels nervous or embarrassed when they are with other people. soc sociab iable /ˈsəʊʃəbl/ sociable “Sociable ” is a word that means the same as “outgoing”. talka alkattive ive /ˈtɔ:kətɪv/ charlatán Someone who is talkative likes talking a lot. thoughtful /ˈθɔ:tfl/ amable, considerado, pensativo Someone who is thoughtful thinks carefully about what other people want or need. thoughtless /ˈθɔ:tləs/ desconsiderado “Thoughtless” means the opposite of “thoughtful”. tole oleran rant /ˈtɒlərənt/ tolerante Someone who is tolerant is willing to accept different ways of behaving or thinking. trus trustw twor orth thy y / ˈtrʌstwɜði/ confiable Someone who is trustworthy can be trusted to do what they say they will do. unfaithful /ʌnˈfe ɪθfl/ fl/ inf infiel iel Someo meone who is unfaithful does not always support their partner and has relationships with other people. unfriendly /ʌnˈfrendl i/i/ poco amistoso/ antipático Someone who is unfriendly does not like other people or want to help help them. unrealistic /ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪ stɪk/ poco realista Someone who is unrealistic does not accept or understand things as they are. unreliable /ʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/ poco confiable Someone who is unreliable does not do what they say they will do. unselfish /ʌnˈselfɪʃ / desinteresado/nada egoísta Someone who is unselfish thinks of other people rather than themselves. witty /ˈwɪti/ gracioso/ingenioso Someone who is witty says amusing things and makes people laugh. Family
aunt (n) /a:nt/ tía Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father. Brothe Brotherr /mothe /mother-in r-in-la -law w etc (n) (n) /ˈbrʌðə/ˈmʌðə ɪnˌlɔ:/ cuñado/suegra Your brother/mother-in-law is the brother/mother of your husband or wife. child (n)/children (pl) / ʧaɪld/ˈʧɪldrən/ hijo/ hijo/hij hijos os Some people name their children after famous people. cousin sin (n) /ˈkʌzn/ primo Your cousins are the children of your aunt or uncle. daug daught hter er (n) (n) /ˈd ɔ:tə/ hija Madonna named her daughter Lourdes, after the town in France. 7
ex-bo ex-boyfr yfrien iend/w d/wife ife etc etc (n) (n) /ˌeksˈ bɔɪfrend/ˈwa ɪf / ex-novio/ esposa Your ex-boyfriend is the boy or man you used to go out with. Your ex-wife is the woman you are divorced from. girl girlfr frien iend d (n) (n) /ˈgɜ: lˌfrend/ novia Chris’s girlfriend is an actor too. grandchild grandchild/gran /grandpare dparents nts etc etc (n) (n) / ˈgran ʧaɪld/ nieto/a Your grandchild is the child of your son or daughter. Your grandparents are the parents of your mother or father. ˈgranˌ peərənts/ Yo great-aun great-aunt/gre t/great-gra at-grandfa ndfather ther etc etc (n) /ˌgre ɪt ˈa:nt//ˌgreɪt ˈgranfa:ðə/ Your great-aunt/great-grandfather is the aunt/grandfather of your mother or father. half-b half-brot rother her/sis /sister ter (n) (n) /ˌha:f ˈbrʌðə/ˈsɪstə / A half-brother/sister is a brother/sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you. husb husban and d (n) (n) / ˈhʌzbənd/ marido marido Your Your husband is the man you are married to. neph nephew ew (n) (n) / ˈnefj nefju u:/ sobrino Your nephew is a son of your brother or sister. niece (n) /ni:s/ sobrina Your niece is a daughter of your brother or sister. only child (n) / ˌəʊnli ˈʧaɪld / hijo único único An only child does not have brothers or sisters. part partne nerr (n) (n) /ˈpa:tnə/ pareja Your partner is the person you live with but who you are not married to. rela relattive ive (n (n) /ˈrel relətɪv/ pariente Your relatives are the people in your family. seco second nd husb husban and/ d/wi wife fe (n) (n) / ˌsek sek əndˈh ʌzbənd /ˈwaɪf/ segundo marido/esposa She’s been married before – Dave’s her second husband . sing single le par paren entt (n) (n) /ˌsɪŋgl ˈpeərənt / madre/ madre/pad padre re solter soltero o A single parent looks after their children alone and has no partner. son (n) /sʌn/ hijo David and Victoria Beckham named their son Brooklyn after an area in New York. step stepfa fath ther er/s /ste tepm pmot othe herr etc (n) (n) /ˈstep step fa:ðə/ mʌðə / padrastro, madrastra Your stepfather is your mother’s second husband. (identical) twin (n) /tw ɪn/ mellizo Ben and Tony are identical twins . uncle (n) /ˈʌŋkl/ tío Your uncle is the brother of your father or mother. wife ife (n) (n) /ˈwaɪf/ esposa Your wife is the woman you are married to. ˌ
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Relationships
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deserve someone special /d ɪˌzɜ:v sʌmwʌn ˈspeʃl/ merecer a alguien especial Liz is so lovely – she deserves someone special . discuss things /dɪsˈkʌs θɪŋz/ debatir cosas In a relationship, it’s important to discuss things . get get in touc touch h /ˌget get ɪn ˈtʌʧ/ ponerse en contacto Clare and Stan got in touch through an online dating site. get married married /ˌget ˈmarɪd/ casar asarse se My mother-in-law hasn’t spoken to us since the day we got married ! give give each each other other space space / ˌg ɪv i:ʧ ˌʌðə ˈspeɪs/ darle espacio al otro If partners give each other space , they allow each other to have some freedom and time alone. go your your separ separate ate ways ways /ˌg əʊ jə: ˌseprət ˈweɪz/ tomar caminos separados Couples soon go their separate ways if they don’t have anything i n common.
be looking for Mr Right (TS) /bi ˌlʊkɪŋ fə mɪstə ˈraɪt/ estar buscando la pareja adecuada Clare is still single and looking for Mr Right . love love at at firs firstt sigh sightt /ˌlʌv ət f ɜ:st ˈsaɪt/ amor a primera vista Do you believe in love at first sight ? the man/woman of your dreams / ðə man/ wʊmən əv jə ˈdri:mz/ el hombre, la mujer de tus sueños. ˌ
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When Clare got in touch with Stan, she thought she had found the man of her dreams.
sb’s sb’s new new man/ man/wo woma man n / ˌsʌmbədɪz nju: ˈman/ ˈwʊmən/ el nuevo hombre/mujer de alguien What do you think of John, Liz’s new man? online dating site / ˌɒnlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ saɪt/ sitio de citas on line Clare and Stan got in touch through an online dating site. prop ropose ose (to (to sb) sb) /pr /prəˈpəʊz (tə sʌmbədɪ) / proponer (casamiento) Bill proposed to Ruth on the radio, with 50,000 people listening! split split up (phr (phr v) /ˌspl splɪt ˈʌp/ separarse We didn’t have much in common and split up after 6 months. There was no real spark. (TS) / ðeə wəz nəʊ ˌrɪəl ˈspɑ:k/ no había chispa Their relationship didn’t work out – there was no real spark . be togeth together er for for 6 months months/a /a yea yearr /bi /bi tə geðə fə sɪks ˈmʌnθs/ə ˈjɪ ə/ estar juntos por We’ve been together for a year and are having a party to celebrate. ˌ
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Unit 4
candel ndela abra bra (n (n pl) pl) /ˌkandəˈl ɑ:brə/ candelabro In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. card cardbo boar ard d (n) (n) / ˈk ɑ:dbɔ:d/ cartón Nowadays the life-like statues are made of cardboard. change your mind (TS) / ˌʧeɪnʤ jə ˈmaɪnd/ cambiar de opinión “Where’s Suzy?” “Oh, she changed her mind at the last minute.” Craftsmen are people craf crafts tsma man n (n) (n) /ˈkrɑ:ftsm :ftsmən/ artesa artesano no who make beautiful or practical objects using their hands. Do you you fanc fancy y ...? ...? /ˌdu: jə ˈfans fansi/ i/ ¿Querés…? “Do you fancy coming to the cinema?” “Yes, good idea.” dumpl dumpling ingss (n pl) (TS) (TS) /ˈdʌmplɪŋz/ bola de masa guisada Dumplings are small pieces of cooked food made from flour and water. get down to sth (phr v) /ˌget ˈdaʊn tə sʌmθɪŋ/ abocarse a/ponerse a trabajar At night people get down to some serious celebrating. get get over over sth (phr (phr v) /ˌget ˈəʊvə sʌmθɪŋ/ recuperarse de, sobreponerse de It will take me weeks to get over Las Fallas but I’ve had the time of my life. high high heels heels (n pl) (TS) (TS) /ˌhaɪ ˈhi:lz/ tacos altos Paul dressed up as Marilyn Monroe and wore lipstick and high heels ! lifelife-lik like e (adj (adj)) /ˈlaɪfˌlaɪk/ verosímil Life-like statues were dressed up to look like well-known local characters. light light up (phr (phr v) /ˌlaɪt ˈʌp/ iluminar In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. lipst lipstic ick k (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈlɪ pˌstɪk/ lápiz labial Lipstick is a coloured substance that women put on their lips. the locals (n pl) /ðə ˈləʊklz/ los lugareños 8
“The locals ” are the people who actually live in a city or area. work worksh shop op (n) (n) /ˈwɜ:kˌʃɒp/ taller In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. be worth $200,000 /bi ˌwɜ:θ tu: ˌhʌndrəd θaʊzənd ˈjʊ ərəʊz/ vale $ 200.000 Some of the statues are worth $200,000 . ˌ
Collocations with make & do
do some some decora decoratin ting g /ˌdu: səm ˈdekəreɪtɪŋ/ hacer decoración They’re doing some decorating in the new house. do a degr degree ee /ˌdu: ə dɪˈgri:/ hacer un curso She did a degree in French and Spanish. do some some exer exerci cise se /ˌdu: səm ˈeksəsaɪz/ hacer algo de ejercicio You should do more exercise . do your your home homewo work rk / ˌdu: jə: ˈhəʊmwɜ:k/ hacer tu tarea I do my homework every evening after school. do the the iron ironin ing g /ˌdu: ði: ˈaɪənɪŋ/ planchar I hate doing the ironing ! job does he do? do a job /ˌdu: ə ˈʤɒb/ hacer hacer un trabajo What sort sort of job do som some e rese resear arch ch /ˌdu: səm rɪˈsɜ:ʧ/ˈri sɜ:ʧ/ hacer in investigación At the moment she’s doing some research at the university. do some some skiin skiing g /ˌdu: səm ˈski ɪŋ/ esquiar We thought we’d do some skiing over Christmas. make ar arrangements / ˌme ɪk əˈreɪnʤmənts/ hacer hacer planes/prepa planes/preparativo rativoss They’re making arrangements for a party. make make a comm commen entt /ˌmeɪk ə ˈkɒment/ hacer un comentario Could I just make a quick comment? make make a deci decisi sion on /ˌmeɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒn/ tomar una decisión Come on! It’s time to make a decision . make make an excu excuse se /ˌmeɪk ən ɪkˈskju:s/ hacer hacer una una excu excusa sa She made an excuse about why she couldn’t come. make make a mist mistak ake e /ˌmeɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/ come comete terr un un err error or Everyone makes mistakes from time to time. make make mone money y /ˌmeɪk ˈmʌni/ hacer dinero It’s important to some people to make a lot of money. make make a nois noise e /ˌmeɪk ə ˈnɔɪz/ hacer ruido Stop making a noise ! make make a prof profit it /ˌmeɪk ə ˈprɒf ɪt/ hacer ganancia The company made a good profit this year. make make prog progre ress ss /ˌmeɪk ˈprəʊgres/ progresar The children are all making good progress. make make someth something ing clear clear / ˌmeɪk sʌmθɪŋ ˈklɪə/ dejar en claro/aclarar Make it clear that you want your guests to dress up. make make a sugg sugges estio tion n /ˌmeɪk ə səˈʤesʧ(ə)n/ hacer una sugerencia Could I make a suggestion , please? make ake sure /ˌmeɪk ˈʃʊə/ asegurarse Make sure that there’s enough space for people to dance. ː
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Festivals
bonf bonfir ire e (n) (n) /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ hogueras To celebrate the end of winter, they burnt candelabra on bonfires.
bras brasss band band (n) (n) /ˌbrɑ:s ˈband/ banda de música A brass band wakes everyone up in the mornings! burn burn down down (phr (phr v) / ˌbɜ:n ˈdaʊn/ incendiar When the last statue burns down the party is over. buzz buzzin ing g (adj (adj)) /ˈbʌzɪŋ/ zumbando /rumoreando The city is alive and buzzing all week. cele celebr brat ate e (v) (v) /ˈsel sel əbre breɪt/ celebrar How do you celebrate New Year? cele celebr brat ation ionss (n (n pl) pl) (TS (TS)) /ˌsel seləˈbre breɪʃənz/ festejos deco decora rate te (v) (v) /ˈdek dekəreɪt/ decorar Children decorate the statue of the Virgin Mary with flowers. deco decora rati tion onss (n pl) pl) /ˌdek dekəˈreɪʃənz/ decoraciones Chinese people put red paper decorations on the walls. a display display of firewo fireworks rks (n) /ə dɪsˌpleɪ əv ˈfaɪəwɜ ks/ una exhibición de fuegos artificiales There is a display of fireworks in the park at midnight. dress dress (sth) (sth) up up (phr (phr v) /ˌdres dres (sʌmθɪŋ) ˈʌp/ (as)disfrazarse de /vestirse elegantemente The statues were dressed up to look like unpopular local characters. the early hours of the morning / ði ˌɜ:li ˌaʊəz əv ðə ˈmɔ:nɪŋ/ las tempranas horas de la mañana - People carry on eating and drinking until the early hours of the ː
morning.
fill fill up (phr (phr v) /ˌf ɪl ˈʌp/ llenar The bars fill up at night and people carry on eating and drinking. firec firecrac racker kerss (n pl) /ˈfaɪə krak rakəz/ petardos Firecrackers are fireworks that make a lot of loud noises. fire firewo work rkss (n pl) pl) /ˈfaɪə wɜ ks/ Fireworks are things that explode and produce coloured lights and noises at parties or festivals. flower flower parad parade e (n) /ˈflaʊə pə re ɪd/ desfile de flores For many people the highlight of the festival is the flower parade . frigh frighten ten away away bad bad luck luck / ˌfraɪtən ə weɪ bad ˈlʌk/ alejar la mala suerte Red is the colour that frightens away bad luck . go off off (phr (phr v) /ˌgəʊ ˈɒf/ explotar- Firecrackers go off every second or two. go on on for a day/ day/wee week k etc /ˌgəʊ ɒn fər ə ˈdeɪ/ˈwi:k/ transcurrir Las Fallas, Valencia’s famous festival, goes on for a week . go up in flames /gəʊ ˌʌp ɪn ˈfleɪmz/ inflamarse All the statues go up in flames before the end of the festival. high highlig light ht (n) (n) /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ atracción principal For many people the highlight of the festival is the flower parade. join in (phr v) ˌ/ʤɔɪn ˈɪn/ participar, intervenir Everybody joins in the preparations for the festival. keep keep up with with sb (ph (phrr v) /ˌki:p ˈʌp wɪð sʌmbədi/ mantene mantenerse rse al ritmo ritmo After only an hour’s sleep it’s difficult for guests to keep up with the Valencians. look look forw forward ard to (phr (phr v) v) /ˌlʊk ˈf ɔ:wəd tu tu:/ anhelar Valencians really look forward to Las Fallas, which takes place in March. make make New Year Year’s ’s Resolu Resolutio tions ns /ˌmeɪk nju: jɪəz ˌrezəˈlu:ʃənz/ hacer los buenos propósitos de Año Nuevo- He made a New Year’s Resolution to stop smoking. New Year’s Year’s Eve (n) /ˌnju: jɪəz ˈi v/ Víspera de Año Nuevo ˌ
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9
The 31st December is New Year’s Eve . organise (v) /ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ organizar organizar It takes a year year to organise Las Fallas. outfit tfit (n) /ˈaʊtf ɪt/ equipos/conjuntos (de ropas) I usually try on several outfits before I go to a party. prepare (for sth) (TS) /prɪˈpeə/ preparar Everybody spends the month before the Chinese New Year preparing for it. proc proces essi sion on (n) (n) /pr /prəˈseʃn/ procesión A procession of 200,000 children march into the city centre. publ public ic holid holiday ay (n) (n) /ˌpʌblɪk ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ feriado A public holiday is a day when people do not work. put put on a part party y /ˌpʊt ɒn ə ˈpɑ:ti/ dar una fiesta The Valencians really know how to put on a party . reac reach h its its clima climax x /ˌri:ʧ ɪts ˈklaɪmaks/ alcanzar su punto culminante The festival reaches its climax on 19th March when the statues are burnt. sb’s wishes come true true /sʌmbədiz wɪʃəz kʌm ˈtru:/los deseos de alguien se hacen realidad-If your wishes come true , the things you hope for actually come true. seriou seriouss celeb celebrat rating ing /ˌsɪəriəs ˈ se seləbreɪtɪŋ/ festejo serio The bars fill up and people get down to some serious celebrating . a shower of explosions (n) / ə ʃaʊə əv ɪkˈspləʊʒənz/ una lluvia de explosiones Fireworks go off and midnight passes in a shower of explosions . specta spectacu cular lar (adj) (adj) /spek /spekˈtakj takjələ/espec /espectac tacula ularr The fireworks display is absolutely spectacular! sweep sweep away away the the ba bad d luck luck (TS) (TS) /ˌswi:p əweɪ ðə ˌbad ˈlʌk/ barrer la mala suerte Chinese people clean their houses to sweep away the bad luck . have the time of your life/hav ðə taɪm ə v jə ˈlaɪf/pasar el mejor momento de tu vida I really enjoyed the festival – in fact, I had the time of my life ! trad tradit itio iona nall dres dresss (n) (n) /tr /trə dɪʃn(ə)l ˈdres/ vestido vestido tradicion tradicional al A procession procession of 200,000 children, all wearing traditional dress , march into the city centre. try on (phr (phr v) (phr (phr v) /ˌtraɪ ˈɒn/ probarse I usually try on several outfits before I go to a party. turn turn (the (the music music)) down down (phr (phr v)/ˌt ɜ:n (ðə mju zɪk) ˈdaʊn/bajar el volumen de la música The music’s too loud. Could you turn it down ? ˌ
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Parties
atmo atmosp sphe here re (n) (n) /ˈatməsfɪ ə/ It’s important to create a good atmosphere for a party. balloon (n) /bəˈl u:n/ globo - Balloons and candles add to the party atmosphere. candle candle (n) /ˈkandl/ kandl/ vela - Balloons Balloons and candles add to the party atmosphere. clear clear up up (the (the mess) mess) (phr (phr v) v) /ˌklɪər ˈʌp (ðə mes) / limpiar el desorden I hate clearing up the mess after a party. deleg elega ate (v (v) /ˈdeləgeɪt/ delegar - Delegate jobs – you can’t do everything yourself! fair fairy y light lightss (n pl) pl) /ˈfeəri laɪts/ foquitos de colores
Fairy lights are small lights used to decorate something.
fancy fancy dress (n) / ˌfansi fansi ˈdres/ dres/ disfraz Paul dressed up in fancy dress as Marilyn Monroe. fancy fancy dress party party (n) /ˌfansi fansi ˈdres pɑ:ti/ fiesta de disfraces A fancy dress party is one where everyone has to dress up. fare farewe well ll/l /lea eavi ving ng par party ty (n) (n) /fe /feəˈwel/ wel/ˈli vɪŋ pɑ:ti/ fiesta de despedida farewell/leaving party is one that takes place to say goodbye to someone. A farewell/leaving get people in the mood /get ˌpi:pl ɪn ðə ˈmu:d/ poner a la gente de humor Soft lighting helps to get people in the mood for a party. golde golden n rule rule (n) (n) /ˌgəʊldən ˈru:l/ regla de oro What are the three golden rules for organising a party? host (n) /həʊst/ anfitrión The host is the person who organises a party. house housewa warmin rming g party party (n) (n) /ˌhaʊswɔ:mɪŋ ˈpɑ:ti/ fiesta de inauguración de una casa A housewarming party is one that people have when they have just moved into a new house. ice-b ice-bre reak aker er (n) (n) /ˈaɪs ˌbreɪkə/ que rompe el hielo An ice-breaker is something that encourages people to be friendly to each other. light light-b -bul ulbs bs (n (n pl) pl) /ˈlaɪtˌbʌlbz/ bombitas de luz Before the party, push back the furniture and change a few light bulbs . the mess (n) /ðə ˈmes/ desorden - I hate clearing up the mess after a party. meet meet and and gre greet et /ˌmi:t ən ˈgri:t/ reunir y saludar It’s important to have someone to meet and greet the new guests. ming mingle le (wi (with th)) (v) (v) /ˈmɪŋgl (wɪð) / mezclarse If you mingle with other people, you go and talk to them. mix (v) (TS) /mɪks/ mezclar/entablar conversación She was happy that everyone mixed so well at her party. mixe ixer (n) /ˈmɪksə/ persona sociable Invite some good mixers who’ll mingle with the other guests. part party y ani anima mall (n) (n) /ˈpɑ ti ˌanɪml/ fiestero, parrandero Invite some party animals who’ll get the dancing started. part party y clot clothe hess (n pl) pl) /ˈpɑ ti ˌkləʊðz/ropa de fiesta Nobody wants to be dressed as a gorilla when everyone else is in glamorous party clothes . push back ack /ˌpʊʃ ˈbak/ correr (muebles)/repeler Push back the furniture to make space for the dancing. ː
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run out out of sth (phr (phr v) /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt əv sʌmθɪŋ/ quedarse sin. Make sure you don’t run out of food and drink. send send invita invitatio tions ns /ˌsend send ɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz/ enviar invitaciones. If you want your guests to dress up, make it clear when you send invitations . soft soft light lightin ing g (n) (n) /ˌsɒft ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ suave iluminación. Soft lighting helps to create a party atmosphere. stock stock up (on) (on) (phr (phr v) /ˌstɒk ˈʌp (ɒn) / abastecerse de. Stock up on chopped carrots for the vegetarians! 10
theme (n) /θi:m/ tema. The theme of the party was that everyone dressed up as something beginning with the letter “M”. thro hrow a part party y /ˌθrəʊ ə ˈpɑ:ti/ hacer/organizar una fiesta What are the golden rules for throwing a party ? a warm welcome welcome (n) /ə wɔ:m ˈwelk welkəm/ una cálida bienvenida. A warm welcome makes your guests feel special. ˌ
Unit 5
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ˌ
anch anchov ovie iess (n) (n) salt. cod (n) fish. hake (n) lobs lobste terr (n) (n)
muss mussel elss (n) (n)
/ˈmʌsəlz/
mejillones.
Mussels are a type of seafood consisting of a soft body inside a hard black shell.
prawns (n) /prɔ:nz/ langostino/camarón. Prawns are small and pink and are a type of seafood. salmo salmon n (n) (n) /ˈsam samən/ salm salmón ón.. Salmon is a common type of fish with pink flesh. sardines (n) /sɑ:ˈdi nz/ sardinas. Sardines are small silver fish that people often buy in tins. trout (n) /traʊt/ trucha. A trout is a fish commonly eaten in food that lives in rivers or lakes. tuna (n) /ˈtju tju:nə/ atún. Tuna is a large fish that people often buy in tins. ː
adve advent ntur urou ouss (ad (adj) j) (TS) (TS) / əd ˈven ven ʧ(ə)rəs/ aventurero I’m not as adventurous as you and I haven’t travelled as much. ant (n) /ant/ hormiga. An ant is a small insect that lives in a large group. a balan balanced ced view view (n) /ə ˌbalənst ˈvju:/ una visión equilibrada. A happy childhood gives you a balanced view of food. cater terpill pilla ar (n) (n) /ˈkat katə p ɪlə/ oruga While Mark was in Africa he ate caterpillars. childhood (n) /ˈʧaɪldˌhʊd/ niñez Your childhood is the period of your life when you are a child. chop (v) (TS) /ʧɒp/ cortar/picar Julio used to chop vegetables in the kitchen. cobra (n) (n) /ˈkəʊbrə/ cob cobra ra.. A cobra is a large poisonous snake. cock cockro roac ach h (n) (n) / ˈk ɒkrəʊʧ/ cucaracha When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course. consume sumerr (n) (n) /kənˈsj mə/ consumidor The Swiss are the world’s biggest chocolate consumers. experiment (with) (v) /ɪkˈsper ɪmənt (w (wɪd) / experimentar Emma Bunton’s family used to experiment with food. a good good source source of ... (TS) /ə gʊd ˈsɔ:s əv/ una buena fuente de Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. gras grassh shop oppe perr (n) (n) /ˈgrɑ:sˌhɒpə/ saltamontes Mark ate lots of fried grasshoppers in Thailand. grow grow up /ˌgrəʊ ˈʌp/ crecer When I was growing up , we all used to eat round a table. life lifeti time me (n) (n) /ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm/ vida The average person will consume 10,000 chocolate bars in a lifetime. per capita capita (adj) (adj) /ˌpə ˈkapɪtə/ por cabeza/por individuo The Swiss are the world’s biggest per capita chocolate consumers. shoot (v) (TS) /ʃu:t/rodar. The shower scene in Psycho took seven days to shoot. treat (n) /tri:t/ regalo/ invitación. Restaurants were a treat for Emma when she was growing up. Food Fish
Lobster is a type of seafood with a long body, eight l egs and two large claws.
Fruit
cherry (n) /ˈʧeri/ cereza. A cherry is a small round red or or black fruit. fig (n) /f ɪg/ higo. A fig is a soft fruit with purple or green skin and a lot of seeds inside. grap grapef efru ruit it (n) (n) /ˈgre gre ɪpˌfru:t/ pomelo. A grapefruit is a fruit with yellow skin that looks like an orange. lime (n) /laɪm/ lima. A lime is a fruit with green skin that looks like a lemon. mango ngo (n) (n) /ˈmaŋgəʊ/ A mango is a tropical fruit with red or green skin that is yellow inside. mel on on (n) /ˈmelən/ melón A melon is a large round fruit with yellow or green skin and orange, green or white flesh inside. orange (n) /ˈɒrɪnʤ/ naranja. An orange is a common round fruit with orange skin. peach (n) /pi: ʧ/ durazno. A peach is a fruit with furry yellowish-pink skin. plum (n) /plʌm/ ciruela. A plum is a small round fruit with purple, red or yellow skin. rasp raspbe berr rry y (n) (n) /ˈrɑ:zˌbəri/ frambuesa. A raspberry is a small soft red fruit that grows on a bush. stra strawb wber erry ry (n) (n) / ˈstr strɔ:ˌb(ə)ri/ frutilla. A strawberry is a small soft red fruit with a lot of very small seeds on its skin. Meat
bacon con (n)
/ˈbe ɪkən/
tocino
saus sausag ages es (n) (n)
/ˈsɒsɪʤəz/
salchichas
/ˈtɜ:ki/
pavo
Bacon is meat from a pig that British people sometimes eat for breakfast. chicken (n) (TS) / ˈʧɪkɪn/ poll pollo o - Cobr Cobra a tast tastes es meat meaty y – a bit bit like like chicken. lamb (n) /lam/ cordero- Lamb is the meat from a young sheep.
/ˈanʧəvɪz/
anchoas. Anchovies are small fish that taste of
Sausages consist of a long thin tube of skin containing small pieces of meat.
/kɒd/
bacalao.
Cod is a common type of white
Turkey is white meat that is similar to chicken.
/heɪk/ /ˈlɒbstə/
merluza. langosta.
Hake is a large fish eaten as food.
turkey (n)
veal (n) cow.
/vi:l/
ternera
Veal is the meat from a young
Vegetables 11
aubergine (n) /ˈəʊbə
ʒiːn/
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berenjena
Aubergines are long vegetables with purple skin.
bean (n) /bi:n/ poroto There are many different types of beans including green beans and soya beans. cabb cabbag age e (n) (n) / ˈkab kab ɪʤ/ repollo A cabbage is a hard round vegetable with large green leaves. carro rrot (n) (n) /ˈkarət/ zanahoria- A carrot is a long thin orange vegetable. caul caulif iflow lower er (n) (n) /ˈkɒliˌflaʊə/ coliflor A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white part in the centre of green leaves. celery lery (n) (n) /ˈseləri/ ri/ apio. Celery is a long thin green vegetable, usually eaten raw in salads. courgette (n) /kɔ:ˈʒet/ calabacín, zuchini A courgette is a long vegetable with dark green skin that looks li ke a cucumber. cucu cucumb mber er (n) (n) /ˈkju kju:kʌmbə/ pepino. A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with green skin and is white inside, often eaten in salads. garli arlicc (n) /ˈgɑ:lɪk/ ajo. Garlic is a round white vegetable with strong flavour that is often added to food. leek (n) /li:k/ puerro. A leek is a long thin vegetable that is white at one end with green leaves at the other. lett lettu uce (n) (n) /ˈlet letɪs/ lechuga. A lettuce is a vegetable with large thin green leaves, eaten raw in salads. mush mushro room om (n) (n) /ˈmʌʃˌru:m/ hongo A mushroom is grey or brown vegetable with a round top and a short stem. olive (n) /ˈɒlɪv/ aceituna / oliva Olives are small and black or green – they are eaten raw or used for their oil. onion (n) /ˈʌnjən/ cebolla An onion is a round vegetable with thin brown skin that tastes and smells very strong. pepper (n) /ˈpepə/ pimienta/ají A pepper is a red, green or yellow vegetable with small white seeds inside. Potatoes are common vegetables potato (n) /pəˈte ɪtəʊ/ papa that are cooked in many different ways and often eaten as chips. radi radish sh (n) (n) /ˈrad rad ɪʃ/ rabanito A radish is a small pink or purple vegetable, eaten raw in salads. spin spinac ach h (n) (n) /ˈspɪnɪʤ/ espinaca Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that are cooked or eaten raw in salads. tomato (n) /təˈmɑ təʊ/ A tomato is round and red and often eaten in salads. ː
Other
antiox antioxida idant nt (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˌantiˈɒksɪd(ə)nt/ antioxida antioxidante nte Chocolate contains antioxidants which protect the body against cancer. bake (v) /beɪk/ hornear. When you bake something, you put it in the oven. bisc biscu uit (n) (n) /ˈbɪskɪt/ galletita. I often have a cup of tea with a biscuit as a snack. bott bottle led d (adj (adj)) /ˈbɒtld/ embotellada. A lot of people drink bottled water nowadays. burg burger er and and chip chipss /ˌbɜ:gə ən ˈʧɪps/ hamburguesa y papas fritas.
Kids love eating burgers and chips . caff caffei eine ne (n) (n) /ˈkafi kafi :n/ cafeína. Chocolate contains caffeine. chocolate-covered chocolate-covered (adj) (TS) / ˈʧɒklət kʌvəd/cubierto d/cubierto de de chocolate. chocolate. Have you ever eaten chocolate-covered peanuts? cocoa (n) /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ cacao White chocolate doesn’t contain any cocoa. cooked (adj) /kʊkt/ cocinado Do you prefer raw or cooked vegetables? crème crème carame caramell (n) (n) /ˌkrem krem karəˈmel/ flflan Crème caramel is a sweet food made from cream, eggs and sugar. crisp (n) /krɪsp/ pap frita Don’t eat too many crisps – they’re bad for you. Curry is a hot, spicy dish from India. curry (n) (n) /ˈkʌri/ curry. dark dark choco chocolat late e (n) (n) / ˌd ɑ:k ˈʧɒklət/ chocola chocolate te sin leche Dark chocolate is healthier than milk chocolate. deep deep-fr -fry y (v) (v) /ˌdi:pˈfraɪ/ freír en aceite abundante. When you deep-fry something, you cook it in a lot of hot oil. dish (n) (TS) /dɪʃ/ plato Mark has tasted many unusual dishes from around the world. drau draugh ghtt (ad (adj) j) /dr /dr ɑ:ft/ (cerveza (cerveza)) de barril barril Do you prefer bottled or draught beer? feast (n) (TS) /fi:st/ fiesta/banquete Mark had a feast of insects when he was in Indonesia. flav flavou ourr (n) (n) /ˈfle fleɪvə/ sabor What’s your favourite ice-cream flavour? fresh (adj) /freʃ/ fresco. I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish. froz frozen en (adj (adj)) /ˈfrəʊzn/ congelado. I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish. fry (v) /fraɪ/ freír. When you fry something, you cook it in hot oil. main main cou course rse (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈmeɪn ˌkɔ:s/ plato principal When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course . mild (adj) /maɪld/ suave “Mild ” is a word that means the opposite of “s trong”. milk milk cho choco cola late te (n) (n) /ˌmɪlk ˈʧɒklət/ chocola chocolate te con leche leche A lot of milk chocolate contains very little cocoa. mine minera rall (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/ mineral Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. over-cooked (adj) / ˌəʊvəʊˈkʊkt/recocido/demasiado cocido Vegetables that are over-cooked don’t have much flavour. peas (n) /pi:z/ arvejas. Peas are very small round green vegetables. popc popcor orn n (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈp ɒpˌkɔ:n/ pochoclo pochoclo I love eating popcorn at the cinema. prot protein ein (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈprəʊti:n/ proteina. Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. raw (adj) /rɔ:/ crudo Raw meat or fish has not been cooked. red (meat) (n) /red (mi:t) / carne roja. Beef is a type of red meat . rice (n) /raɪs/ arroz. Most Indian and Chinese dishes contain rice . roast (v) /rəʊst/ asado. ˌ
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When you roast something, you cover it with oil and cook it in the oven. salt (n) /sɔ:lt/ sal. Eating too much salt is bad for you. salt salted ed pea peanu nuts ts (n) (n) /ˌsɔ:lt :ltəd ˈpi:nʌts/ maníes salados. Salted peanuts are crunchy and salty. se seaf afoo ood d (n) (n) /ˈsi:ˌfu:d/ mariscos.Lobster and mussels are types of seafood. syru syrup p (n) (n) /ˈsɪrəp/ jarabe /almíbar Chocolate syrup was used for blood in the shower scene in Psycho. tinned (adj) /tɪnd/ enlatado. Tinned food is food that you buy in a tin. tray tray dinn dinner er (n) (n) /ˌtre treɪ ˈdɪnə/ cena con fuente On Saturday we had a tray dinner in front of the TV as a treat. vita vitami min n (n) (n) /ˈvɪtəmɪn/ vitamina Fruit and vegetables contain important vitamins. weak (adj) /wi:k/ débil, suave I prefer my coffee weak , with lots of milk. white white choco chocolat late e (n) (n) /ˌwaɪt ˈʧɒklət/ chocolat chocolate e blanco. blanco. White chocolate doesn’t contain any cocoa. Partitives
a bar of chocolate chocolate/soap /soap / ə b ɑ:r əv ˈʧɒklət/ˈsəʊp/ una barra de chocolate/jabón a bowl bowl of fruit/suga fruit/sugarr /ə bəʊl əv ˈfru:t/ˈʃʊgə/un bol bol de fruta fruta / azúcar azúcar a box of chocolat chocolates/ma es/matches tches / ə b ɒks əv ˈʧɒkləts/ˈmaʧɪz/ una caja de chocolates/fósforos a bunch bunch of bananas/f bananas/flower lowerss / ə b ʌnʧ əv bəˈna:nəz/ˈflaʊəz/ un racimo de bananas/ un ramo de flores a jar of honey/instant coffee /ə ʤɑ:r əv ˈhʌni/ɪnstənt ˈ kɒfi/ un tarro de miel / de café instantáneo a packet packet of cigarette cigarettes/cris s/crisps ps /ə pakɪt əv sɪgəˈrets/ˈkr ɪsps/ ˌ
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Taste and Texture Taste
bitt bitter er (adj (adj)) /ˈbɪtə/ amargo Lemons have a bitter taste. bland (adj) /bland/ soso/insípido Something that is bland doesn’t have much taste. delicious (adj) /dɪˈlɪʃ əs/ delicioso Cobra is a little tough and chewy, but delicious. disgusting (adj) /dɪsˈgʌstɪŋ/ asqueroso/repugnante/vergonzoso asqueroso/repugnante/vergonzoso Something that tastes disgusting has a taste that you really dislike. fish fishy y (adj (adj)) (TS) (TS) /ˈf ɪʃi/ (sabor/olor) a pescado “Does Cobra taste fishy?” “No, it tastes meaty.” frui fruity ty (adj (adj)) /ˈfru fru: titi/ c on sabor u ol ol or or a fruta There’s a rich liquid inside the cockroaches that tastes sweet and fruity. meat meaty y (adj (adj)) /ˈmi:ti/ (sabor/olor) a carne revolting (adj) /rɪˈvəʊltɪŋ/ repugnante/ asqueroso “Revolting” is a word that means the same as “disgusting”. salt salty y (adj (adj)) /ˈsɔ:lti/ salado Something that is salty tastes of salt. spic spicy y (adj (adj)) /ˈspa spaɪsi/ picante/con muchas especias Curry is a hot, spicy dish.
sweet (adj) /swi:t/ dulce Children often like sweet food. tast tasty y (adj (adj)) /ˈteɪsti/ sabroso. Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty. Texture
chewy (adj) /ˈʧu:i/ duro/masticable Cobra is a little tough and chewy , but delicious. crisp (adj) /krɪsp/ crujiente/crocante Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty. crun crunch chy y (adj (adj)) / ˈkrʌnʧi/ crujiente Roasted cockroaches are really crunchy on the outside. dry (adj) /draɪ/ seco Do you prefer dry or sweet wine? grea greasy sy (adj (adj)) /ˈgri gri:si/ grasiento Something that tastes greasy has been cooked in too much oil. tough (adj) /tʌf/ duro Something that is tough is difficult to chew. Unit 6
casu casual al (adj (adj)) /ˈkaʒuəl/ casual/despreocupado A casual attitude is one that is not very strict. catego egory (n) (n) / ˈkat katəg( ə)ri/ )ri/ categoría Des writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories. a chain of supermarkets /ə ʧeɪn əv ˈsu:pəmɑ:kɪts/ una cadena de supermercados Julie Rost is chief executive of a chain of supermarkets . a comfo comfort rt (n) /ə ˈkʌmfət/ comodidad/consuelo Lists are a comfort to me because I feel I won’t forget things. comp compla lain in (v) (v) /kəmˈple pleɪn/ quejarse I am writing to complain about the damage caused by your company when they delivered my sofa. confi rm rm (v) /kənˈfɜ :m/ confirmar W e would be grateful if you could confirm your reservation in writing. dama damage ge (n) (n) /ˈdam dam ɪʤ/ daña dañarr I am writ writin ing g to comp compla lain in abou aboutt the the damage caused by your company when they delivered my sofa. disastrous (adj) /dɪˈzɑ:st :strəs/ desastroso/catastrófico Disastrous results are results that are very bad. dividing wall (n) /d ɪˌvaɪdɪŋ ˈwɔ:l/ pared divisora An open-plan office is an office without dividing walls . down downsi side de (n) (n) /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/ inco inconve nvenie niente nte The The downside of working from home is that I have to phone somebody if I want a chat. effectively (adv) / ɪˈfektɪvli/ efectivamente What time of day do you work most effectively? globa globall warmin warming g (n) /ˌgləʊbl ˈwɔ:mɪŋ/ calentamiento global Global warming is damaging the environment. grab (v) /grab/ agarrar He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it. high-p high-pow owere ered d (ad (adj) j) /ˈhaɪˌpaʊəd/ muy potente/ de alto vuelo/ A high-powered job is one in which you have a responsible position and are very busy. irregular (adj) /ɪˈregjʊlə/ irregular I don’t mind working irregular hours as I love my job. ˌ
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list list-m -mak aker er (n) (n) /ˈlɪ stˌmeɪkə/ que hacen listas
There are two types of
list-makers: those who make orderly lists and those who write them in a panic!
orderly (adj) /ˈɔ:dəli/ ordenado, disciplinado An orderly list is neat and well-arranged. person personal al orga organis niser er (n) (n) /ˌp ɜ:snəl ˈɔ:gənaɪzə/ organiza organizador dor persona personall A personal organiser is a book, like a diary, in which you write appointments. rigi rigid d (adj (adj)) /ˈrɪʤɪd/ rígido A rigid attitude is the opposite of a casual attitude. scri scribb bble le (v) (v) /ˈskr skrɪbl/ garabatear He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it. servic service-o e-orie riente nted d (adj) (adj) /ˈsɜ:vɪsˌɔ:rientɪd/ orientado al servicio. Serviceoriented people are people who are interested i n customers and their needs. set in (phr v) /ˌset ˈɪn/ cundir(el pánico) Some people wait until panic sets in before making a list. set to work work on sth /ˌset tə ˈwɜ:k ɒn sʌmθɪŋ/ ponerse a trabajar en algo Type A makes lists and calmly sets to work on them. sigh sigh wit with h relie relieff /ˌsaɪ wɪ. rɪˈli:f/ suspirar con alivio Type B sighs with relief when they have written a list, and then loses it! stress stress level level (n) /ˈstress stress levl/ levl/ nivel de estrés People with a casual attitude to time-keeping usually have low stress levels . take take prid pride e in sth sth /ˌteɪk ˈpraɪd ɪn sʌmθɪŋ/ enorgullecerse de Flight attendants should take pride in their appearance. at the top of the the agenda agenda /ət də tɒp əv di: əˈʤendə/ en el 1er lugar lugar en en la agenda. The Global Global Earth Party puts the environment environment at the top of the agenda . ˌ
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Business Letters
apply pply (fo (for) (v) (v) /əˈplaɪ (f ɔ:)/ solicitar I would like to apply for the position of IT assistant. atten ttend d (v) /əˈtend end/ atender I would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you. enclose (v) /ɪnˈkləʊz/ adjuntar I enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention. for your your attention attention /fə j ɔ: əˈtenʃn/ a tu atención I enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention . in response to /ɪn rɪˈspɒns tu:/ en respuesta a I am writing in response to your advertisement in The Guardian . I look forward to hearing from you /a ɪ ˌlʊk ˌf ɔ wəd tə ˈhɪərɪŋ frɒm ju:/ anhelo/espero oír de Ud. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. I would would be plea pleased sed to to ... /ˌaɪ wʊd bi ˈpli zd tu:/ estaría complacido/contento complacido/contento de I would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you. I would would like like to to apply apply for for ... ... /ˌaɪ wʊd ˌlaɪk tu: əˈplaɪ f ɔ:/ me gustaría solicitar . I would like to apply for the position of IT assistant. ˌ
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Phrasal verbs
calm calm sb down down /ˌkɑ:m sʌmbədi ˈ da daʊn/ calmar a alguien Making lists is relaxing – it calms you down . come come up with with sth sth /ˌkʌm ˈʌp wɪd sʌmθɪŋ/ proponer A couple of years Jane Levy came up with a new system. cros crosss sth sth off off /ˌkrɒs sʌmθɪŋ ˈɒf/ tachar
If you cross something off a list, you delete it. get get by /ˌget ˈbaɪ/ arreglárselas, lograr pasar Few people with high-powered jobs get by without lists. put (sth) off /pʊt (sʌmθɪŋ) ˈɒf/ aplazar/ demorar If you put something off , you delay it. rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/ depender de A lot of people rely on personal organisers in order not to forget things. Time Expressions
be ahead of schedule /bi: əˌhed əv ˈʃedju:l/ estar adelantado con respecto al programa If you are ahead of schedule , you are making good time. Bett Better er late late than than neve neverr / bet betə leɪt dən ˈnevə/ mejor mejor tarde tarde que que nunca nunca “Better late than never ” is a proverb meaning that it is better to do something late than not at all. the day after after tomorrow tomorrow /də deɪ ˌɑ:ftə t əˈmɒrəʊ/ pasado mañana Today is Monday – the day after tomorrow is Wednesday. the day before before yesterda yesterday y /d ə de ɪ bɪˌf ɔ: ˈjest jestədeɪ/ anteayer Today is Monday – the day before yesterday was Saturday. The early bird catches the worm./di ˌɜ:li bɜ:d ˌkaʧəz də ˈwɜ:m / el pájaro que se levanta temprano atrapa el gusano “ The early bird catches the worm ” is a proverb meaning that you do more if you get up early. have time to spare /hav ˌtaɪm tə ˈspə/ tener tener tiempo tiempo de sobra sobra If you have time to spare , you have enough time left to do something. in good time /ɪn ˌgʊd ˈtaɪm/ con tiempo tiempo If you are are in good time , you are early. in time for /ɪn ˈtaɪm f ɔ:/a tiempo para We arrived just in time for the beginning of the meeting. in two/three days’ time / ɪn ˌtu:/ˌθri: deɪz ˈtaɪm/ en 2 o 3 días I’ll give you a call in two or three days’ time . kill time / matar el tiempoI ˌkɪl ˈtaɪm/ arrived early at the airport so killed time by having a cup of coffee. leave leave somethin something g until until the last last minute minute /ˌli:v sʌmθɪŋ ʌntɪl də lɑ:st ˈmɪnɪt/dejar algo para el último minuto Leaving things until the last minute makes you feel stressed. be making good time /bi ˌmeɪkɪŋ gʊd ˈtaɪm/ proceder de una manera rápida If you are making good time , you are ahead of schedule. meet meet dead deadlin lines es /ˌmi:t ˈdedlaɪnz/ respetar un plazo I prefer to meet deadlines in good time. the the (Su (Sund nday ay)) afte afterr nex nextt /də ( m ʌndeɪ) ɑ:ftə ˈnekst/ nekst/ el domingo domingo después después del próximo We’re having a barbecue the Sunday after next . not not have have muc much h time time left left /ˌnɒt hav mʌʧ ˈtaɪm left/ no quedar mucho tiempo Hurry up! We haven’t got much time left . one one at a time time /ˌwʌn ət ə ˈtaɪm/ uno por vez Stop pushing, children! One at a time through the door. prioritise (v) /praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/ priorizar If you prioritise things, you put them in order of importance or in the order in which they need to be done. prom prompt ptly ly (adv (adv)) /ˈprɒmptl mptli/ i/ punt puntua ualme lment nte, e, sin sin demo demora ra.. ˌ
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If you do something promptly , you do it immediately. punc punctu tual al (adj (adj)) /ˈpʌŋkʧuəl/ puntual If you are punctual, you always arrive on time for meetings or other appointments. repeatedly (adv) /r ɪˈpi:tɪdli/ repetidamente If you do something repeatedly , you do it time and time again. be ruled by the clock /bi ˌru:ld baɪ də ˈklɒk/ gobernado por el reloj. I love being on holiday – I hate being ruled by the clock . be running out of time /bi ˌrʌnɪŋ aʊt əv ˈtaɪm/ quedarse sin tiempo If you are running out of time , you do not have much time left to do something. There’s no time time like the present present / ðeəz nəʊ ˌtaɪm laɪk ðə ˈprez prezənt/ No hay hay tiempo como el presente. “ There’s no time like the present ” is a proverb meaning that the best time to do something is now. time time and and time time aga again in /ˌtaɪm ən taɪm əˈgen/ repetidamente. The Global Earth Party have asked the government the same question time and time again . time time flie fliess /ˌtaɪm ˈflaɪz/ el tiempo vuela If time flies , it goes very quickly. time time-ke -keep epin ing g (n) (n) /ˈtaɪmˌki:pɪŋ/ ajustarse al tiempo. If you have have a healthy attitude to time-keeping, you do things on time but your life i s not ruled by the clock. time time-s -sav avin ing g /ˈtaɪmˌseɪvɪŋ/ ahorra tiempo The article on p. 50 is about time-saving tips that help you not to waste time. waste waste precio precious us time time /ˌweɪst preʃəs ˈtaɪm/desperdiciar tiempo valioso. Jane used to write lists, forget where she put them, and then waste precious time looking for them! the weekend before last / ðə wi:kend bɪf ɔ: ˈlɑ:st/ el fin de semana anterior al anterior We went to Paris for two days the weekend before last . ˌ
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Work
extra extra pay (n) / ˌekstr ekstrə ˈpeɪ/ pago extra Unfortunately we don’t get extra pay for working overtime. flexib flexible le hours hours (n pl) /ˌfleks fleksəbl ˈaʊəz/ horas flexibles If you work flexible hours , you can start and finish work when you like. have have a break break /ˌhav ə ˈbreɪk/ tener un recreo W hen you’re working to a deadline, you can’t always find time to have a break . head office office (n) (n) (TS) /ˌhed ˈɒf ɪs/ sede central He works for an American law firm whose head office is in Washington DC. the lunch hour (n) / ðə ˈlʌnʧ aʊə/ la hora del almuerzo Sometimes I’m so busy I work right through the lunch hour . news newsro room om (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈnju nju :zru:m/ sala de redacción A newsroom is an office where journalists work. open-plan office (n) / ˌəʊpənpla nplan n ˈɒf ɪs/ oficina de planta abierta Open-plan offices can be very noisy. qualif qualifica icatio tions ns (n (n pl) pl) /ˌkwɒlɪf ɪˈkeɪʃənz/ requisitos / capacidades You don’t have to have any particular qualifications for this job. shift (n) /ʃɪft/ ft/ turn turno o I hate hate work workin ing g the the nigh nightt shift! traini training ng course course (n) /ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔ:s/ curso de entrenamiento You have to go on a training course to be a train driver. ˌ
work work over overti time me /ˌwɜ:k ˈəʊvətaɪm/ trabajar horas extras Unfortunately we don’t get extra pay for working overtime . work work to to a dea deadl dlin ine e /ˌwɜ:k tu: ə ˈdedlaɪn/ trabajar con una fecha límite. When you’re working to a deadline , you can’t always find time to have a break. work work unso unsocia ciable ble hours hours / ˌw ɜ:k ʌnsəʊʃəbl ˈaʊəz/trabajar horas intempestivas I often work unsociable hours – at nights or at weekends. Review B
all-night (adj) / ˌɔ:lˈnaɪt/ toda la noche At the Oyster Festival there’s a party in the evening, with all-night dancing. ancient times (n pl) / ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt ta taɪmz/ tiempos antiguos The Midsummer festival dates from ancient times . colourful (adj) / ˈkʌləfl/ colorido Everybody wears colourful clothes and fancy dress. dessert (n) /dɪˈzɜ:t/ postre A dessert is a main dish eaten after the main part of a meal. get get tog toget ethe herr (ph (phrr v) v) /ˌget get təˈgeðə/ juntarse/reunirse On Midsummer morning, people get together and dance around a wooden pole. herring (n) / ˈherɪŋ/ arenque A herring is a long thin silver fish that lives in the sea. hold hold a festiv festival al /ˌhəʊld ə ˈfestɪvl/ dar un festival For four days every year, Galway holds its International Oyster Festival . non-stop (adj) / ˌnɒnˈstɒp/ sin parar The festival is a long weekend of non-stop entertainment. oyster (n) / ˈɔ:stə/ ostra An oyster is a type of seafood with a rough shell that is usually eaten raw. pole (n) /pəʊl/ poste/palo On Midsummer morning, people get together and dance around a wooden pole . sett settle lerr (n (n) /ˈsetl etlə/ poblador Mardi Gras has been celebrated for centuries since French settlers first came to the USA. wild wild flow flowers ers (n pl) /ˌwaɪld ˈflaʊəz/ flores salvajes There are wild flowers everywhere at midsummer and the sun never sets. ˌ
Unit 7
accor di ding to to /əˈk ɔ:dɪŋ tu:/ de acuerdo a According to financial observers the central bank will reduce interest rates by
1%. asthma (n) /ˈas mə/ asma Asthma is a medical condition that makes it difficult to breathe. break break dow down n (phr (phr v) v) /ˌbreɪk ˈdaʊn/ quebrarse / sufrir un colapso He broke down and cried when he was sentenced to seven years in jail. bully lly (n) /ˈbʊli/ buscapleitos Pia’s previous boss was a real bully . claim (v) /kleɪm/ afirmar Burglar Frank Gort broke down and cried, claiming seven was his unlucky number! cry (v) /kraɪ/ llorar/gritar He broke down and cried when he was sentenced to seven years in jail. dislo disloca cate ted d (adj (adj)) /ˈdɪsləkeɪtəd/ dislocado
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If part of your body is dislocated, the bone is not in i ts normal position. divorce proceedings (n pl) /d ɪˈvɔ:s prə si:dɪŋz/ trámites de divorcio Divorce proceedings are the legal processes that take place when a couple divorce. exhaustion (n) / ɪgˈzɔ:sʧən/ agotamiento Doctors are treating the film star for “ exhaustion” at a rehabilitation centre. hail hailst stor orm m (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈheɪlˌstɔ:m/ granizada A hailstorm is a storm in which balls of ice fall from the sky. host hostag age e (n) (n) /ˈhɒstɪʤ/ rehén Kidnappers released the hostages last night. interest rate (n) / ˈɪntrəst reɪt/ tasa de interés According to financial observers the central bank will reduce interest rates by 1%. kidn kidnap appe perr (n) (n) /ˈkɪdnapə/ secuestrador Kidnappers are criminals who take other people away illegally, often for money. long long-a -awa wait ited ed (adj (adj)) / ˈlɒŋ ə weɪtəd/ tan tan espera esperado do The record company has finally released the singer’s long-awaited album. nomi nomina nati tion on (n) (n) /ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ nominación The Oscar committee has announced the Oscar nominations. observer (n) /əbˈz ɜ:və/ observador Financial observers are experts in finance whose opinions are broadcast or published. personalise personalised d regist registratio ration n numbe numberr (n) (n) / ˌp ɜ:snəlaɪzd ˌreʤɪˈstreɪʃn nʌmbə/ nro de registro personalizado ˌ
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A personalised registration number on a car is one that has your name or initials on it.
pier pierci cing ng (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ The headmistress said that Paula knew that piercing was against the school rules. promo romoti tio on (n) (n) /pr /prəˈməʊʃn/ ascenso She worked really hard at her job and got a promotion. Rave reviews rave rave revie reviews ws (n (n pl) pl) /ˌreɪv rɪˈvju:z/ críticas muy favorables are reports in a newspaper that say that a CD or film is extremely good. release (v) /rɪˈli:s/ lanzar/liberar When a record company releases an album, it makes it available for people to buy. relieved (adj) /rɪˈli:vd/ aliviado The hostages are on their way home to their relieved families. retire (v) /rɪˈtaɪə/ jubilar Pia has been a lot happier since her previous boss retired. starvation diet (n) /st ɑ:ˈveɪʃn ˌdaɪət/ dieta en la que te morís de hambre A starvation diet is one in which people eat very little in order to lose weight quickly. stress stressful ful (adj) (adj) /ˈstresf stresfl/ l/ estresante Sorry I haven’t replied sooner, but work’s been really stressful. take take pity pity on sb /ˌteɪk ˈpɪti ɒn sʌmbədi/ apiadarse apiadarse de de alguien alguien If you take pity on someone , you feel sorry for them. the slow lane (n) / ðə ˈsləʊ ˌleɪn/ carril de la derecha (lento) The slow lane of a motorway is the one used by vehicles travelling at a slower speed. trou troubl bled ed (adj (adj)) /ˈtrʌbld/ preocupado preocupado /aquejado con problemas. Someone who is troubled is very upset or worried because they have a lot of problems. wate waterr hydr hydran antt (n) (n) /ˈw ɔ:tə haɪdrənt/ boca boca de incendio incendio// de riego ˌ
A water hydrant is an upright water pipe in the street. whee wheelc lcha hair ir (n) (n) /ˈwi:lˌʧeə/ silla de ruedas A wheelchair is a chair with large wheels used by someone who cannot walk. Celebrities
celebr lebrit ity y (n) (n) /səˈleb lebrəti/ ti/ famoso Kate Moss and Nicole Kidman are both well-known celebrities . chase (v) /ʧeɪs/ perseguir A female photographer photographer was chasing Kate Moss in New York and fell over a water hydrant! cooperate (v) (TS) /k əʊˈɒpəreɪt/ cooperar Many celebrities refuse to cooperate with the paparazzi. definitive (adj) (TS) /dɪˈf ɪnətɪv/ definitivo/de mayor autoridad Nowadays there are more paparazzi than ever, all trying to get the definitive celebrity photo. desp desper erat ate e (ad (adj) j) /ˈdesp desprr ət/ desesperado I’m desperate to become rich and famous. I’d do anything to be a celebrity. draw draw the the lin line e (TS) (TS) /ˌdrɔ: ðə ˈlaɪn/ fijar los límites If you draw the line in a situation, you decide what is acceptable and what is not. follo follow w (v) (v) (TS) (TS) /ˈf ɒləʊ/ seguir In an interview she complained that the paparazzi followed her everywhere. get a shot shot (TS) (TS) /ˌget ə ˈʃɒt/ fotografiar Nicole Kidman always agrees to smile for the camera so the paparazzi get their shot . glam glamor orou ouss (adj (adj)) /ˈgla glamərəs/ glamoroso People are obsessed with the glamorous lifestyles of celebrities. goss ssip ip (n) /ˈgɒsɪp/chisme. Do you enjoy reading gossip about famous people? hypo hypocr crit itica icall (adj) (adj) / ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkl/ hipócritas Jack thinks that some celebrities are hypocritical – they want publicity but don’t like being chased by the paparazzi. be incre increasi asingl ngly y obsess obsessed ed /ˌbi: ɪnˌkri:sɪŋli əbˈsest/ sest/ estar estar cada cada vez vez más obsesionado Society is increasingly obsessed with celebrities. insensitive (adj) /ɪnˈsensətɪv/ insensible The paparazzi are not completely insensitive – they try not to involve children. invade sb’s privacy /ɪnˌveɪd sʌmbədiz diz ˈ pr prɪvəsi/ invadir invadir la privacidad privacidad de alguien alguien If you invade someone’s privacy , you refuse to leave them alone. leav leave e sb sb alo alone ne /ˌli:v sʌmbədi əˈ ləʊn/ dejar a alguien solo Once the paparazzi get their shot of a celebrity, they then leave them alone. papara arazzi zzi (n (n pl) pl) /ˌpap papəˈratsi/ Paparazzi are photographers who take photos of celebrities as their job. photo photogen genic ic (adj) (adj) /ˌf əʊtəʊˈʤenɪk/ fotogénico ç Someone who is photogenic looks good in photographs. be photographed /bi ˈf əʊtəgrɑ:ft/ ser fotografiado Do you think celebrities enjoy being photographed by the paparazzi? phot photog ogra raph pher er (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /f /f əˈt ɒgrəfə/ fot fotóg ógra rafo fo Paparazzi are photographers who take photos of celebrities as their job. play play the the game game (TS) (TS) /ˌpleɪ ðə ˈgeɪm/ Nicole plays the game and always agrees to smile for the camera. the press /ˌðə ˈpres/ la prensa 16
“The press ” is an expression meaning newspapers and magazines. priv privat ate e life life (n) (n) /ˈpra praɪvət laɪf/ vida privada My boss was a real bully, but apparently she was unhappy in her private life . reason reason with with sb sb (v) (v) (TS) (TS) /ˈri:zn ˌwɪð sʌmbədi/ razon razonar ar con con We try to reason with the celebrities and explain that we don’t want to upset them. smile smile for for the the came camera ra /ˌsmaɪl f ə ðə ˈkamrə/ sonreir sonreir para para la cámara cámara Everyone smile for the camera , please! swear swear (v) (TS) /sweə/ maldecir/ decir malas palabras Celebrities often shout and swear at the paparazzi. take take phot photos os of /ˌteɪk ˈf əʊtəʊz əv/ tomar fotos de It’s not OK when paparazzi take photos of celebrities’ children. unflattering (adj) /ʌnˈflat(ə)rɪŋ/ poco favorecedor Unflattering photos of celebrities show they’re not perfect. upset (v) /ʌpˈset/ ofender/disgustar W e try to reason with the celebrities and explain that we don’t want to upset them. ˌ
Crime
arre rrest (v) (v) /əˈrest est/ arrestar Sanders was arrested after ringing the FBI to ask if he was still on its “wanted” list! burg burgla larr (n) (n) /ˈbɜ:glə/ ladrón A burglar is someone who steals things from people’s houses. catc catch h crim crimin inal alss /ˌkaʧ ˈkrɪmɪnəlz/ atrapa atraparr criminales criminales Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals . comm commit it a crim crime e /ˌkəmɪt ə ˈkraɪm/ cometer un delito People on a “wanted” list have committed crimes but haven’t been arrested yet. conv convic icte ted d thi thief ef (n) (n) /k /kən v ɪktɪd ˈθi:f/ ladrón declarado culpable Convicted thief , Cass Mei, escaped from guards at the prison hospital. court (n) /kɔ:t/ corte A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. a drama ramati ticc cha chase /ə drə ma ʧɪk ˈʧeɪs/ una persecución dramática Police cars were involved in a dramatic chase along the motorway. escape (n) /ɪsˈkeɪp/ escapar Prison authorities were embarrassed by the escape of convicted thief, Cass Mei. escape from jail / ɪsˌkeɪp frəm ˈʤeɪl/ escaparse de la cárcel A fugitive is someone who has escaped from jail . escort escort sb off off the the motorw motorway ay /es /es ˌk ɔ:t sʌmbədi ɒf ðə ˈməʊtəweɪ/acompañar a alguien a salir de la autopista An 85-year-old man was escorted off the M4 motorway because he was riding in a wheelchair! figh fightt crim crime e /ˌfaɪt ˈkraɪm/luchar contra el delito Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals. fugi fugiti tive ve (n) (n) /ˈfju fju:ʤətɪv/ fugitivo A fugitive is someone who has escaped from jail and is hiding from the police. guard (n) /gɑ:d/ guardia He escaped from guards at the prison hospital. ˌ
ˌ
in jail jail .
/ˌɪn ˈʤeɪl/
en la cárcel The judge sentenced him to seven years in
judge (n) /ʤʌʤ/ juez A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. kidn idnap (v) /ˈkɪdnap/ secuestrar The notice in the back of the car said, “Help us, we have been kidnapped.” patrol (v (v) /pəˈtrəʊl/ patrullar Traffic police are police who patrol roads and motorways. polic lice car car (n) (n) /p /pəˈli:s ˌkɑ:/ patrulla de policía Police cars were involved in a dramatic chase along the motorway. poli police ce offi office cerr (n) (n) /pəˈli:s ˌɒf ɪsə/ oficial oficial de policía policía Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals. poli police ce stat statio ion n (n) (n) /pəˈli:s ˌsteɪʃn/ comisaría A TV set was stolen from a Liverpool police station while officers were out fighting crime! prison prison auth authorit orities ies (n pl) /ˈprɪzn ɔ:ˌθɒrətɪz/ autoridades de la comisaría Prison authorities were embarrassed by the escape of convicted thief, Cass Mei. prison prison hospit hospital al (n) (n) /ˌprɪzn ˈhɒspɪtl/ hospital del penal He escaped from guards at the prison hospital . sent senten ence ce (v) (v) /ˈsent sentəns/ ns/ sentenciar A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. shoplifting (n) /ˈʃɒpˌlɪftɪŋ/ hurto (en las tiendas) Shoplifting is the crime of stealing things from shops or supermarkets. steal (v) /sti:l/ robar A convicted thief is someone who has stolen something and been sentenced in court. traffic traffic police police (n) /ˈtraf ɪk pə li:s/ policía de tráfico Traffic police are police who patrol roads and motorways. “wan “wante ted” d” lis listt (n) (n) /ˈwɒntəd lɪst/ lista de buscados por la policía People on a “wanted” list have committed crimes but haven’t been arrested yet. ˌ
ˌ
News/Headlines
not available for comment (TS) /n ɒt ə veɪləbl fə ˈkɒment/ no se dispone a hacer comentarios The Minister Minister is out of of the country and not available for comment. bar (v) /bɑ:/ excluir He was barred from the Olympics after failing a drugs test. break break out out (phr (phr v) (TS) (TS) /ˌbreɪk ˈaʊt/ desencadenarse desencadenarse An argument broke out amongst the delegates. (missing) cash probe (n) / (m ɪsɪŋ) ˈkaʃ ˌprəʊb/ investigación por faltante de dinero A missing cash probe is an investigation that takes place when a large amount of money is missing. deleg delegat ate e (n) (n) (TS) (TS) / ˈdel deləg ət/ deleg delegad ado o A delegate is someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting. freak freak storm/a storm/accide ccident nt etc etc (adj) (adj) /ˌfri k ˈstɔ:m/ˈaks ɪdənt/ torment tormenta/ac a/accident cidente e inusual A freak storm or accident is one that is very unusual. hit (v) /hɪt/ golpear/azotar Freak storm hits harvest. jobless (adj) /ˈʤɒbləs/ sin trabajo “ Jobless” means the same as “unemployed”. ˌ
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mini minist ster er (n) (n) /ˈmɪnɪstə/ ministro The minister quit his job after an investigation into missing money. the mysterious disappearance of / ðə mɪsˌtɪəriəs dɪsəˈpɪərəns əv / la mister misterios iosa a desaparición de. An investigation was ordered i nto the mysterious disappearance disappearance of a large amount of money. the opposition (n) (TS) / ði ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/ la oposición The opposition has called for the government to provide more jobs in the area. order an investigation (TS) / ˌɔ:də ən ɪnˌvest ɪˈgeɪʃn/ ordenar una investigación An investigation was ordered into the mysterious disappearance of a large amount of money. peace peace talks/ talks/neg negoti otiati ations ons (n pl) pl) / ˈpi:s ˌtɔ:ks/ nɪˌgəʊʃiˌeɪʃənz/ negociaciones de paz Peace talks end in row. quit (v) /kwɪt/ dejar/abandonar dejar/abandonar If you quit your job, you resign. resign (v) /rɪˈzaɪn/ renunciar If you resign from your job, you stop doing it. row (n) /raʊ/ discusión A “row” is another word for an “argument”. soar (v) /sɔ:/ aumentar If figures or interest rates soar , they increase very quickly. spokes spokesman man (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈspəʊksmən/ vocero A spokesman for the Minister said he was unavailable for comment. the unemployed / ði ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ los desempleados “The unemployed ” are all the people without work. wed (v) /wed/ casarse “Wed” is a word often used in newspaper headlines meaning “to get married”. Useful phrases (Personal news)
How excit exciting ing/an /annoy noying ing etc! etc! / ˌhaʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/əˈnɔɪ:ŋ/ qué emocionante/molesto “My car’s broken down again.” “ How annoying! ” Oh, congratulations! / ˌəʊ kən gra ʧʊˈleɪʃənz/ Oh, felicitaciones. “My wife’s just had a baby.” “ Oh, congratulations! ” Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. / ˌəʊ aɪm ˈsɒri tə hɪər ../ Oh, lamento oír eso. “Shirley and I have split up.” “ Oh, I’m sorry to hear that .” Oh no. That’s terrible! / əʊ ˌnəʊ .. ðats ˈterəbl/ “I’ve failed failed all my exams.” exams.” “Oh no, that’s terrible! ” Well done! done! /ˌwel ˈdʌn/ bien bien hecho. hecho. “I’ve passed passed all all my exams.” “Well done! ” ˌ
ˌ
Unit 8
airborne (adj) /ˈeə bɔ:n/ despegó By the time the plane was airborne, I’d forgotten England even existed. to sb’s amazement /te ˌsʌmbədɪz əˈmeɪzmənt/ para para el asombro asombro de alguien alguien To Nick’s amazement , the man offered him $2,000 for the motorbike. anim animal al fee feed d (n) (n) /ˈanɪml ˌfi:d/ alimento para animales Animal feed is food given to animals. armrest (n) /ˈɑ:mˌrest rest// apoya apoyabr braz azo o The seat was uncomfortable because the armrest was broken. back back-st -stre reet et (adj (adj)) / ˈbakˌstri:t/ callejuela He bought the second-hand bike from a back-street garage in Miami.
bike (v) /baɪk/ andar en bici I biked over to my dad’s flat and asked to borrow some cash. broa broade den n (v) (v) /ˈbrɔ:dn/ ampliar/ensanchar. Travel broadens your experience of the world. a broken broken heart heart (n) /ə brəʊkn ˈhɑ:t/ un corazón roto If you have a broken heart, you are very upset because someone you love has left you. cork (n) /kɔ:k/ corcho. Cork is the substance used for making corks that block the top of bottles. cross (v) /krɒs/ cruzar Nick wanted to cross the United States from east to west by motorbike. diam diamon ond d (n) (n) /ˈdaɪəmənd/ diamante A diamond is a hard, clear colourless stone used in expensive jewellery. dynam dynamite ite fishin fishing g (n) (n) /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt ˌf ɪʃɪŋ/ Dynamite fishing is one of the methods of catching fish.This is an activity using an explosive device that kills Dynamite fishing many fishes and other creatures under the sea. damages the environment. emotionally blackmail /ɪˌməʊʃnəli ˈblak blakme meɪl/ chantajear emocionalmente If you emotionally blackmail someone, you persuade them to do something by making them feel guilty. engraved (adj) (TS) / ɪnˈgreɪvd/ grabado Engraved under the seat were the words: “To Elvis. Love James Dean.” floc flock k to (v) (v) /ˈflɒk ˌtu:/ acudir en gran número Tourists flock to Bondi Beach from all over the world. hang hang out out (phr (phr v) / ˌhaŋ ˈaʊt/ pasar el tiempo Bondi Beach is the place where beautiful young people go to hang out. the heart and soul of / ðə hɑ:t ən ˈsəʊl əv/ el corazón corazón y el alma de de Bondi Beach is the heart and soul of Sydney’s beach community. helli hellish sh (adj (adj)) /ˈhel helɪʃ/ infernal After three hellish days and nights, I realised I was close to losing my head. inscription (n) /ɪnˈskrɪpʃn/ inscripción Engraved under the seat was the inscription : “To Elvis. Love James Dean.” lend (v) /lend/ prestar He emotionally blackmailed his dad into lending him some cash. light light up (phr (phr v) v) /ˌlaɪt ˈʌp/ iluminarse As the plane takes off, the seat belt si gns light up . lose lose your your head head /ˌlu:z jə ˈhed/ ed/ perder mi cabeza After three hellish days and nights, I realised I was close to losing my head . mean meanin ingl gles esss (adj) (adj) /ˈmi:nɪŋləs/ sin sentido From the moment I boarded the flight, life in England became meaningless. oil (n) /ɔɪl/ petr petról óleo eo Whic Which h coun countr trie iess are are big big expo export rter erss of oil? overnight (adv) / ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ de noche The young mechanic told Nick to leave the bike overnight. the guy/girl in question / ðə gaɪ/ˌgɜ:l ɪn ˈkwesʧən/ el muchacho/a en cuestión It seemed that the guy in question was going to show up in London soon. run out out of luc luck/s k/stea team m etc etc /ˌrʌn ˌaʊt əv ˈlʌk/ˈsti:m/ quedarse sin suerte He ran out of luck when the motorbike broke down five kil ometres from Atlanta. seco second nd-h -han and d (ad (adj) j) / ˈsek sek ənd hand/ segunda mano ˌ
ˌ
ˌ
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He bought the second-hand bike from a back -street garage in Miami. a serious serious girlfriend girlfriend /ə sɪəriəs ˈgɜ:lfrend/ una novia (en una relación seria) A serious girlfriend is a girl you have a long relationship with. show up (phr v) /ˌʃəʊ ˈʌp/ aparecer/hacer resaltar The idea of the Belgian guy showing up drove Alex mad. stop stop off off (ph (phrr v) v) /ˌstɒp ˈɒf/ hacer escala Conrad stopped off in Singapore for a day or two. sun sun loun lounge gerr (n) (n) /ˈsʌn ˌlaʊnʤə/ reposeras There are sun loungers for hire on the beach. sun suntan tan (n) /ˈsʌnˌtan/ bronceado Do you enjoy lying on the beach and getting a suntan? swit switch ch off off (ph (phrr v) /ˌswɪʧ ˈɒf/ apagar If your problems are switched off , you have forgotten about them. take take a bre break ak /ˌteɪk ə ˈbreɪk / tomar un recreo She decided to take a break from her career and went to Australia for a year. take take preced precedenc ence e over over /ˌteɪk ˈpresɪdəns əʊvə/ tener tener prioridad prioridad sobre sobre Broken armrests took precedence over broken hearts. traw trawlin ling g net net (n) (n) /ˈtrɔ:lɪŋ net/ red de pesca de arrastre The white sands and coral gardens have never been damaged by trawling nets . the underside (n) / ˌði: ˈʌndəsaɪd/ parte inferior/ de abajo “The underside ” is a formal expression meaning “under”. ˌ
ˌ
Fixed Expressions
it’s all or nothing /ɪts ˌɔ:l ɔ: ˈnʌθɪŋ/ es todo o nada I don’t eat chocolate at all for weeks, then I eat three bars in a day – it’s all or nothing with me. clea clean n and and tidy tidy /ˌkli kli:n ən ˈtaɪdi/ limpia y ordenada She’s always vacuuming – she likes the house clean and tidy . come come and and go /ˌkʌm ən ˈgəʊ/ van y vienen The kids come and go and treat this house as a hotel. give give or take take ... ... /ˌgɪv ɔ: ˈteɪk/ un poco más o menos They live 100 km from here – give or take a few kilometres. hit hit the the road road /ˌhɪt ðə ˈrəʊd/ iniciar un viaje/partir (slang) When you hit the road , you start a journey by car or motorbike. make make a deal deal /ˌmeɪk ə ˈdi:l/ hacer un trato The mechanic laughed and said, “That’s the worst deal you’ll ever make, boy!” It’s now or never. / ɪts ˌnaʊ ɔ: ˈnevə/ es ahora o nunca Nick finally decided it was now or never to make his dream trip. peac peace e and and quiet quiet /ˌpi:s ən ˈkwaɪət/ paz y tranquilidad I like spending time on my own and having some peace and quiet . be soft in the head /bi ˌsɒft ɪn ðə ˈhed/ estúpido If someone is soft in the head , they are slightly crazy. soon sooner er or or late laterr /ˌsu:nə ɔ: ˈleɪtə/ tarde o temprano Sooner or later you’ll have to tell them the truth. I can take it or leave it. /aɪ kən teɪk ɪt ɔ: ˈli:v ɪt/ puedo tomarlo o dejarlo I don’t particularly like watching TV. I can take it or leave it . ˌ
Description
attr attrac acti tive ve (adj (adj)) / əˈtrak traktt ɪv/ atractivo Portinatx is one of Ibiza’s most attractive beaches.
built built up up skyli skyline ne (TS (TS)) /ˌbɪltʌp ˈskaɪlaɪn/ edificios recortados en el horizonte A built-up skyline is one that consists of high-rise buildings seen against the sky. canopy nopy (n) (n) /ˈkan kanəpi/ toldo, capa superior de árboles que cubre el suelo del bosque, capa superior de hojas de un árbol A canopy is a lot of leaves and branches that form a cover high above the ground. delightful (adj) /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ encantador /precioso Ibiza has lots of delightful hidden coves at the foot of towering cliffs. hidd hidden en (fr (from om)) (adj (adj)) /ˈhɪdn (fr (frəm) / oculta de The lagoon is hidden from the sea by a high, curving wall of rock. inland (adj) /ˈɪnˌland/ tierra adentro /del interior “Inland” means the opposite of “on the coast”. overlooking (adj) / ˌəʊvəˈlʊ kɪŋ/ con vista a The most spectacular views can be seen from the cliffs overlooking the bay. pack packed ed with with /ˈpakt ˌwɪð/ lleno de There are long, sandy beaches, packed with bars and watersport. popu popular lar with with touris tourists ts /ˌpɒpjʊlə wɪð ˈtʊərɪsts/ popular con los turistas Bondi beach is popular with tourists and with local people. sand sandy y (adj (adj)) /ˈsandi/ arenoso The sandy beaches are surrounded by pine forests. sca scatter tter (v) /ˈska skatə/ dispersar/ desparramar “Freshwater falls scatter the island” means they are all over the island. specta spectacu cular lar view view (n) /spek /spekˌtakj takj ʊlə ˈvju:/ vista espectacular The most spectacular views can be seen from the cliffs overlooking the bay. strang strangely ely colou coloured red (adj) (adj) /ˌstre stre ɪnʤli ˈkʌləd/ de colores colores extrañ extraños os There are strangely coloured birds and monkeys in the trees. stretch (for ) (v) /streʧ (f ɔ:)/ desplegarse The white sands of Bondi Beach stretch for roughly (aproximadamente)a (aproximadamente)a kilometre. surr surrou ound nded ed by by (adj (adj)) /səˈraʊndəd baɪ/ rodeado por An island is an area of land surrounded by sea. untouched (adj) / ʌnˈtʌʧt/ intacto Some of the plants have been untouched for a thousand years. wond wonderf erful ul scene scenery ry (TS) (TS) /ˌw ʌndəfl ˈsi:nəri/ paisaje paisaje maravilloso maravilloso Suzi stared out of the window at the wonderful scenery . ˌ
Location
anci ancien entt ruin ruinss (n pl) pl) /ˌeɪnʃənt ˈru :nz/ ː
ruinas antiguas
Ancient ruins are parts of very old buildings. bay (n) /beɪ/ bahía A bay is an area of the coast where the land curves
inwards. Cliffs are very steep rocks, often overlooking the cliff (n) /kl ɪf/ acantilados. sea. coas coasta tall path path (n) (n) /ˈkəʊstl ˌpɑ:θ/ sender sendero o coster costero o A coastal path is a path that people can walk along and look at the sea. cora corall gard garden enss (n pl) pl) /ˈk ɒrəl gɑ:dənz/ jardines de coral The white sands and coral gardens are unspoilt by human activity. ˌ
19
cove (n) /kəʊv/ ensenada A cove is a small area of sea that is partly surrounded by land. dese desert rt (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈdez dezət/ desierto. The weather in a desert is usually hot and windy. freshw freshwat ater er falls falls (n pl) /ˌfreʃwɔ:tə ˈf ɔ:lz/ cataratas de agua dulce Freshwater falls are found in different parts of the island. head eadland land (n) (n) /ˈhed ˌl ənd/ ca cabo Bondi Beach stretches for a kilometre between two headlands. high-ri high-rise se buil buildin ding g (n) (n) /ˌhaɪraɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ/ edificios altos In photo b) you can see a lot of high-rise buildings . isla islan nd (n) (n) /ˈaɪlənd/ nd/ isla isla An island is an area of land surrounded by sea. jungle (n) ˈ/ʤʌŋgl/ jungla. The freshwater falls are surrounded not by forests, but by jungle. l ag agoon (n) /ləˈgu:n/ laguna A lagoon is an area of sea separated from the rest of the sea by sand or rocks. lake (n) /leɪk/ lago. Toronto is a big city city in Canada Canada built by Lake Ontario. pine pine fore forest st (n) (n) /ˈpaɪn ˌf ɒrɪst/ bosques de pinos The sandy beaches are surrounded by pine forests . resort (n) (TS) /rɪˈzɔ:t/ lugar de vacaciones A resort is a town or village where people go on holiday. snow-capp snow-capped ed mountain mountainss (n pl) pl) /ˌsnəʊ kapt ˈmaʊntənz/ montaña montañass cubiertas cubiertas de nieve We could see the snow-capped mountains of the Himalayas in the distance. temple temple (n) /ˈtempl/ templ/ templo templo You can see Buddhist temples in photo d). wall wall of rock rock /ˌwɔ:l əv ˈrɒk/ muro de roca The lagoon is hidden from the sea by a high, curving wall of rock . wate waterf rfal alll (n) (n) /ˈwɔ:tə f ɔ:l/ catarata A waterfall is a place where water flows over the edge of a cliff or rock. whit white e sand sandss (n pl) pl) /ˌwaɪt ˈsandz/ arenas blancas The white sands of Bondi Beach stretch for roughly a kilometre. ˌ
Unit 9
appea ppeall (to (to) (v) (v) /əˈpi :l tʊ/ atraer a I think Jane Austen’s novels probably appeal more to women. atta attach ch impo import rtan ance ce to to sth sth /ə taʧ ɪmˈpɔ:təns tʊ/ adjuntar/dar importanci a Women attach greater importance to birthdays than men. attr attrac actt (v) (v) /əˈtrak trakt/ t/ atra atraer er.. Have you ever lied about your age to attract somebody? class (n) (U) /klɑ:s/ clase. At the end of the story love overcomes differences in class . compar mpared ed with ith /kəmˈpe əd wɪð / comparado con Three out of four women buy new clothes to attract somebody, compared with one in five men. cros crosss pat paths hs /ˌkrɒs ˈpɑ:θs/ tropezarse (con). If two people cross paths , they meet. delighted (adj) /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ encantada Mrs Bennet is delighted when Mr Bingley is attracted to one of her daughters. ˌ
despise (v) /dɪˈspaɪz/ despreciar.If you despise someone, you strongly dislike them. diet iet (v) /ˈdaɪət/ hacer dieta. If you diet , you eat less to lose weight. elig eligib ible le (adj (adj)) /ˈelɪʤəbl/ apto, que reune los requisitos necesarios Mrs Bennet wants to find wealthy husbands for her eligible daughters. enormous (adj) / ɪˈnɔ:məs/ enor enorme me.. Something that is enormous is extremely big. estate (n) /ɪˈsteɪt/ propiedad An estate is a very large area of land that belongs to one person. execu execution tioner er (n) / ˌeksɪˈkju:ʃnə/ ver verdu dugo go An executioner is someone whose job is to kill criminals. fate (n) /feɪt/ destino. Fate is the power that is supposed to control people’s lives. be in fav favou ourr of /ˌbi: ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv/ estar estar a favor favor de Men are more in favour of marriage than women. grad gradua ually lly (ad (adv) v) /ˈgra gra ʤuəli/ gradu gradualm alment ente e Mr Darcy gradually grows more interested in Elizabeth. grow grow inter interest ested ed /ˌgrəʊ ˈɪntrəstɪd/ interesarse At first he considers her inferior but then grows more interested in her. hands handsome ome (adj (adj)) /ˈhans hans əm/ apue apuesto sto,, buen buen mozo. mozo. A handsome man is goodlooking. hilarious (adj) /hɪˈleəriəs/ comi comiqu quísi ísimo mo.. Something that is hilarious is extremely funny. I don’t care. /aɪ ˌdəʊnt ˈkeə/ no me importa importa “How do you feel if your partner forgets your birthday?” “ I don’t care. ” infatuated (adj) / ɪnˈfaʧueɪtɪd/ enamorado, obsesionado (con alguien) Someone who is infatuated is in love with another person even though they may not know that person well. inferior (to) (adj) / ɪnˈf ɪəriə/ infer inferio iorr If you think someone is socially inferior to you, you think they are not as wealthy or important as you. knock knock a few years years off off /ˌnɒk ə fju: ˈjɪ əz ɒf/ restarse años If you knock a few years off your age, you lie and say you are younger than you are. lie (v) /laɪ/ mentir. People sometimes lie about their age to try to attract a partner. live live up to sth sth /ˌlɪv ˈʌp tʊ sʌmθɪŋ/ estar a la altura de Tom Hanks said he felt confident that he lived up to his reputation as “Mr Nice Guy”. Mr Nice Nice Guy Guy (n) (n) /ˌmɪstə ˈnaɪs gaɪ/ “Mr Nice Guy ” is an expression for a man who is always kind and thinks of other people. neigh neighbou bourin ring g (ad (adj) j) /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/ vecino, de los alrededores “Neighbouring” is a word meaning “near the place where you live”. overcome (v) /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ superar At the end of the story love overcomes differences in class. prej prejud udic ice e (n) (n) /ˈpre pre ʤʊdɪs/ prejuicio A prejudice is an unreasonable feeling of not liking someone or something. pride (n) /praɪd/ orgullo 20
Pride is a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction about something you have achieved. put put on (a few few kilo kilos) s) /ˌpʊt ˈɒn (ə fju: ki:ləʊz) / If you put on a few kilos , you gain a few kilos in weight. rebellious (adj) /rɪˈbelj beljəs/ rebe rebelde lde Someone who is rebellious does not accept authority or accepted rules. relate (to) (v) /rɪˈleɪt tʊ/ relacionar con I found the characters irritating and silly, and couldn’t relate to them at all. save save the the p pla lane nett /ˌseɪv ðə ˈplan ɪt/ salvar el planeta If you want to save the planet , you want to help the environment by reducing pollution. significant (adj) /sɪgˈnɪf ɪkənt/ importan importante, te, significat significativo ivo A significant number of men and women admitted they had lied about their age. simi simila larly rly (adv (adv)) /ˈsɪmələ li/ li/ igua igualm lmen ente te “Similarly ” is a word that means “in the s ame way”. solarsolar-po power wered ed (adj) (adj) /ˈsəʊlə paʊəd/ a energía solar A machine that is solar-powered gets its energy from the sun. spid spider er (n) (n) /ˈspa spaɪdə/ ara araña ña.. Help! There’s an enormous spider in the bath. take take an inst instant ant dislike dislike /ˌteɪk ən ɪnstənt diskaik/ diskaik/ resultarle resultarle antipático antipático Elizabeth takes an instant dislike to Darcy because she thinks he is superior. take take risk riskss /ˌteɪk ˈrɪsks/ arriesgarse I don’t take risks – I always read books by authors I know. wait wait ages ages /ˌweɪt ˈeɪʤəz/ esperar una eternidad “You’re late!” “I’m sorry, I had to wait ages for a bus.” weal wealth thy y (adj (adj)) /ˈwel wel θi/ rico Someone who is wealthy has a lot of money. witt witty y (adj (adj)) /ˈwɪti/ ingenioso Something that is witty is clever in an amusing way. ˌ
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Adjectives ending in –ed
annoyed / əˈnɔɪd/ enojado, molesto. If you feel annoyed, you feel slightly angry. bored /bɔ:d/ aburrido. The film was too long and we got bored. challenged /ˈʧalɪnʤd/ deficiente If you feel challenged , you feel slightly worried or frightened of something difficult. confus ed ed /k /kənˈf jju u:zd/ confundido If you feel confused, you don’t know what to think or feel. excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ emocionado I get really excited when one of my favourite authors brings out a new book. exhausted /ɪgˈzɔ:stɪd/ exhausto. If you feel exhausted, you feel very tired. fasc fascin inat ated ed /ˈfas fas ɪneɪtɪd/ fascinado. I’m fascinated by biographies of famous people. inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd/ inspirado. If you feel inspired to do something, you really want to do it.
interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ interesado Some people are more interested in films than books. relaxed /rɪˈlakst/ relajado. We feel nice and relaxed after the holiday. tired /ˈtaɪəd/ cansado I usually feel tired after a day at work. worried /ˈwʌrid/ preocupado What are you so worried about? Adjectives ending in –ing
annoying /əˈnɔɪ:ŋ/ molesto Something that is annoying makes you feel slightly angry. Boring /ˈbɔ:rɪŋ/ aburrido I read the first page and if it’s boring, I don’t buy the book. challenging /ˈʧalɪnʤɪŋ/ deficiente Something that is challenging is difficult to achieve. confusi fusing ng /kənˈfju fju:zɪŋ/ confuso Something that is confusing is difficult to understand. engaging /ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ/ agradable/atractivo Characters who are engaging are attractive and easy to like. exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ emocionante The book was really exciting – I couldn’t put it down. Exhausting /ɪgˈzɔ:stɪŋ/ exhausto Something that is exhausting makes you feel very tired. fasc fascin inat atin ing g /ˈfas fasɪneɪtɪŋ/ fascinante Something that is fascinating is extremely interesting. gripp rippin ing g /ˈgr ɪpɪŋ/ apasionante The book wasn’t just exciting – it was gripping! inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪrɪŋ/ inspirador I find strong women in history particularly inspiring. interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ interesante What I find interesting in a book is the relationships between the characters. relaxing /rɪˈlaksɪŋ/ relajante Reading a book in a hot bath is very relaxing. thought-provoking thought-provoking / ˈθɔ:tprə vəʊkɪŋ/ que hace pensar, reflexionar Something that is thought-provoking is stimulating and intriguing. ti riri ng ng /ˈtaɪrɪŋ/ cansador Something that is tiring makes you feel tired. worry orryin ing g /ˈwʌri:ŋ/ preocupante Something that is worrying makes you feel worried. ˌ
Books
author (n) /ˈɔ:θə/ autor Who’s your favourite author? autobiography (n) / ˌɔ:təʊbaɪˈɒgrəfi/ autobiog autobiografía rafía An autobiography is a book that a person writes about their own life. bestse stsell ller er (n) /ˌbest bestˈsel selə/ A bestseller is a book that sells a lot of copies. biography (n) /baɪˈɒgrəfi/ biografía A biography is a book about a person’s life written by someone else. book book revi review ew (n) (n) /ˈbʊk rɪˌvju:/ crítica de libro Book reviews are articles written by a journalist about new books. 21
can’ can’tt put put it down down /ˌkɑ:nt ˌpʊt ɪt ˈdaʊn/ dejar The book was gripping – I just couldn’t put it down ! chapter (n) /ˈʧaptə/ capítulo Books are divided into chapters. (central/m (central/main) ain) character character (n) / (sentrəl/meɪn) ˈkarəktə/ person personaje aje princ principa ipall The central female character in Pride and Prejudice is Elizabeth Bennet. cover (n) /ˈkʌvə/ tapa If the cover of a book looks interesting, I buy it. diffic difficult ult to get into into /ˌdɪf ɪklt tʊ get ˈɪntʊ/ difícil de engancharse The book was a bit difficult to get into at first, but I ended up really enjoying it. fant fantas asy y (n) (n) /ˈfantəsi/ fantasí A fantasy book is a book about an imaginary world. fict fictio ion n (n) (n) /ˈf ɪkʃn/ ficción I never read fiction but I love biographies. novel ovel (n) (n) /ˈnɒvl/ novela Pride and Prejudice is a classic romantic novel. pape paperb rbac ack k (n) (n) / ˈpeɪpə bak/ bak/ libro libro de tapa tapa blan blanda da A paperback is a book with a soft cover. plot (n) /plɒt/ argumento The plot of a story is the things that happen during the story. revolve around (phr v) /r ɪˈvɒlv ə raʊnd/ girar en torno a The storyline of Pride and Prejudice revolves around Mr and Mrs Bennet and their daughters. romantic novel (n) /r əʊˌmant ɪk ˈnɒvl/ novela romántica Pride and Prejudice is a classic romantic novel . scienc science e fictio fiction n (n) (n) /ˌsaɪəns ˈf ɪkʃn/ ciencia ficción Science fiction is books and films about imaginary future events and characters. be set in /bi ˈset ɪn/ estar situado/ambientado en Pride and Prejudice is set in England in the early 19th century. short story (n) /ˌʃɔ:t ˈstɔ:ri/ A short story is a short piece of fiction. the story unfolds / ð ə stɔ:ri ʌnˈf əʊldz/ una historia se despliega As the story unfolds true love overcomes all obstacles. sto storyli ryline ne (n) (n) /ˈstɔ:riˌlaɪn/ historia, argumento The “storyline” is a word that means the same as “plot”. take take plac place e /ˌteɪk ˈpleɪs/ llevarse a cabo Pride and Prejudice takes place in England in the early 19th century. well well writt written en (adj (adj)) /ˌwel welˈrɪtn/ bien escrito Jane Austen’s novels are all very well written . ˌ
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Films
acti acting ng (n) (n) /ˈakt aktɪŋ/ interpretación, teatro The acting in the film was brilliant. acti action on film film (n) (n) /ˈakʃn ˌf ɪlm/ película de acción An action film is one in which there are a lot of interesting, exciting events. be based on /bi ˈbeɪst ɒn/ estar basado en Forrest Gump is based on a true story. comed medy (n) (n) /ˈkɒmədi/ comedia A comedy is a film that makes you laugh. direct (v) /dɪˈrekt/ dirigir I can’t remember who directed Forrest Gump.
director (n) /dɪˈrektə/ director. I won six Oscars, including best director. endi ending ng (n) (n) /ˈend end ɪŋ/ final. final. Does the film have have a happy or sad ending? foot footag age e (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈf ʊtɪʤ/ material /metraje. Forrest Gump contains black and white footage from the 60s. gangste gsterr film film (n) (n) /ˈgæŋstə ˌf ɪlm/ película de gangsters. A gangster film is about the activities of gangs of criminals. a hit hit (n) (n) /ə ˈhɪt/ The film was a real hit and won six Oscars. horr horror or film film (n) (n) /ˈhɒrə f ɪlm/ película de terror A horror film is a film that is intended to frighten people. lead leadin ing g acto actorr (n) (n) /ˌli:dɪŋ ˈæktə/ protagon protagonista/a ista/actor ctor principal principal The leading actor in Forrest Gump is Tom Hanks. love love stor story y (n) (n) /ˈlʌv ˌstɔ:ri/ historia de amor A love story is about a romantic relationship between two people. make make you you cry cry /ˌmeɪk jʊ ˈkraɪ/ hacerte llorar “The film made you cry , didn’t it?” “No, it didn’t, I’ve got a cold.” musi musica call (n) (n) /ˈmju mju:zɪkl/ musical. A musical is a film that contains a lot of songs. phot photog ogra raph phy y (n) (n) /fəˈt ɒgrəfi/ fotogr fotografí afía a The photography is the photographs and images that are shown during a film. play play the the par partt of /ˌple pleɪ ðə ˈpɑ:t əv/ tener tener el el papel papel de Tom Hanks also plays the part of the executioner in The Green Mile. prem premie ierr (n) (n) /ˈprem premiiə/ The The premier of a film is the occasion on which it is shown for the first time. romantic comedy (n) /r əʊˌmæntɪk ˈkɒmədi/ comed comedia ia románt romántica ica A romantic comedy is a film about a romance that is also amusing. scienc science e fictio fiction n film film (n) (n) /ˌsaɪəns ˈf ɪkʃn f ɪlm/ película de ciencia ficción A science fiction film is about imaginary future events and characters. soun soundt dtra rack ck (n) (n) /ˈsaʊndˌtræk/ træk/ band banda a de sonido sonido The soundtrack is the music that accompanies a film. specia speciall effect effectss (n pl) pl) /ˌspeʃl ɪˈfekts/ efectos especiales The special effects are all done using computers. spy spy fil film m (n) (n) /ˈspa spaɪ ˌf ɪlm/ película de espionaje A spy film is about people who find out secret information about a country or organisation. subt subtitl itles es (n (n pl) pl) /ˈsʌbˌtaɪtəlz/ subtít subtítulo uloss The The subtitles are the words appearing at the bottom of a screen to translate what people are saying in a foreign film. a (sentimenta (sentimental) l) tearjerker tearjerker (n) /ə (sent (sent ɪmentl) ˈtɪə ʤɜ:kə/ dramón/pe dramón/película lícula A sentimental tearjerker is a film that makes you cry. sentimentaloide thri llll er er (n) /ˈθrɪlə/ película película de misterio misterio / de suspenso suspenso A thriller is a film about something exciting or dangerous, such as a crime. war film film (n) (n) /ˈwɔ: ˌf ɪlm/ película de guerra War films are about war. weste western rn (n) /ˈwest westən/ pelíc película ula de vaquer vaqueros os A western is a film about cowboys. win win (six (six)) Osc Oscar arss /ˌwɪn (sɪks) ˈɒskəz/ ganar ganar 6 Osca Oscars rs Forrest Gump was a very successful film that won six Oscars . ˌ
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Music
albu album m (n) (n) /ˈælb ælbəm/ albu album m
What’s your favourite track on the album ? 22
band (n) /b /bænd/ banda Who’s your favourite band ? blues (n) /blu:z/ Blues is a type of slow, sad music that originally comes from the southern US. clas classic sical al (ad (adj) j) /ˈklæ klæsɪkl/ clásica Do you prefer classical or pop music? Dance music is very popular. dance (n) /d ɑ:ns/ baile gig (n) /gɪg/ actuación A gig is a public performance of popular music. hiphip-ho hop p (n) (n) /ˈhɪpˌhɒp/ Hip-hop is a type of music that uses rap combined with musical instruments. lyri lyrics cs (n pl) pl) /ˈlɪ rɪks/ letra The lyrics are the words of a song. opera (n) /ˈɒp(ə)rə/ An opera is a type of play that is sung to classical music. orchestra (n) / ˈɔ:kɪstrə/ orques orquesta ta An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play classical music on different instruments. perfo erform rm live live /ˌpəf ɔ:m ˈlaɪv/ actuar en vivo We saw the band performing live at Wembley – they were brilliant. regg reggae ae (n) (n) /ˈrege regeɪ/ Reggae is a type of music that developed in Jamaica i n the 1960s. stereo stereo system system (n) /ˈsteri steriəʊ ˌsɪstəm/ sistema sistema de sonido sonido The sound’s not very good – I think there’s a problem with the stereo system . tech techno no (n) (n) /ˈtekn teknəʊ/ I can’t stand stand all that techno stuff – I like it when you can hear the lyrics! track track (n) /træk/ /træk/ tema / pieza pieza The album album is made made up up of twelve twelve tracks . Review C
aban abando don n (v) (v) / əˈbænd bændən/ aba aband ndon onar ar The stolen car was found abandoned several miles away. account (n) / əˈka ʊnt/ cuenta I’ d li ke ke to put £1 £100 in into my ba bank account. alarmed (a (adj ) /əˈlɑ:md/ alarmado “Alarmed” is a word that means frightened and worried. armed police (n) / ˌɑ:md pəˈli:s/ policías armados Armed police are police who are carrying guns. cabin (n) (n) /ˈkæbɪn/ cabaña A cabin is a small wooden building like a hut. calle callerr (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈkɔ:lə/ person persona a que que llama llama A caller is someone who uses the telephone to contact someone. cashier (n) /kæˈʃɪə/ cajero A cashier is someone whose job is to give or receive money in a bank. caus cause e a sen sensa sati tion on /ˌkɔ:z ə senˈseɪʃn/ causar sensación If you cause a sensation , you do something unusual or shocking. co-h co-hos ostt (n) (n) /ˈkəʊˌhəʊst/ presentadores The co-hosts of a programme are the people who work together to present it. cong congra ratu tula late te (v) (v) /k /kənˈgræ græ ʧʊleɪt/ felicitar I want to congratulate Mika for saying what most of America is thinking. cour courag age e (n) (n) (TS) (TS) / ˈk ʌrɪʤ/ coraje You rock, Mika! It takes courage to do what you did. cover (v) /ˈkʌvə/ cubr cubrir ir Brzezinski explained that she didn’t want to cover such a trivial topic. deposit (n) /d ɪˈpɒzɪt/ depósito A deposit is an amount of money that you put into your bank account. drivin driving go offe ffenc nce e (n) (n) /ˈdra dra ɪvɪŋ ə fens/ infracción de tránsito A driving offence is something illegal that you do when you are driving.
emotional (adj) /ɪˈməʊʃn(ə)l/ sensible/em sensible/emocion ocionado ado //conmovedor //conmovedor Someone who is feeling emotional is feeling upset or angry. give give sb sb a cal calll (TS) (TS) /ˌgɪv sʌmbədi e ˈkɔ:l/ llamar a alguien Dan Rivero invited listeners to give the radio station a call . at gunp gunpoi oint nt / ˌət ˈgʌnpɔɪnt/ a punta de pistola If someone is robbed at gunpoint, they are robbed while someone points a gun at them. hand (v) /hænd/ entregar If you hand someone something, you give it to them. have have had had enough enough of sth (TS) /həv hæd ɪˈnʌf əv sʌmθɪŋ/ hemos tenido suficiente We’ve had enough of hearing about these. heire heiress ss (n) (n) /ˈeəres/ res/ here herede dera ra An heiress is a woman who will receive money or property when another person dies. interrupt (v) /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ interrumpir Mika’s male co-host, Joe Scarborough, Scarborough, made mocking (burlones) comments and interrupted her. joke (n) / ʤəʊk/ bro brom ma Kron ronau cla claim imed ed the the in incide ident was an an inn inno ocent ent joke. lead lead stor story y (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /ˌli:d ˈstɔ:ri/ noticia principal Mika thought the Paris Hilton story was too trivial to be the lead story . message (n) ( AmE AmE) (TS) /ˈmesɪʤ/ mensaje / recado “ Message” is an American English word meaning an “advertisement” (anuncio/ aviso). mock mockin ing g (adj (adj)) /ˈmɒkɪŋ/ burlón. Mika’s male co-host, Joe Scarborough, Scarborough, made mocking comments and interrupted her. news newsre read ader er (n) (n) /ˈnju nju :zˌri:də/ presentado presentadorr de informativo informativoss Mika Brzezinski works as a newsreader for the MSNBC TV station. next up up (TS) (TS) /ˌnekst ˈʌp/ Thanks for your call, Luke. Next up we have Maria. on the line (TS) / ˌɒn ðə ˈlaɪn/ en línea Thanks, Maria. We now have Jason on the line . Jason? presenter (n) (TS) /pr ɪˈzentə/ presentad presentador or Many Americans wish there were more presenters like Mika. pric pricele eless ss (ad (adj) j) /ˈpra praɪsləs/inestimab s/inestimable, le, invalorab invalorable le Something that is priceless is worth a lot of money. prop proper erty ty (n) (n) /ˈprɒpəti/ prop propied iedad ad Your property are the things that belong to you. quest question ioning ing (n) /ˈkwes kwes ʧ(ə)nɪŋ/ interrogatorio The suspects were taken to the police station for questioning. read read out out (ph (phrr v) /ˌri:d ˈaʊt/ leer en voz alta She caused a sensation when she refused to read out the station’s lead story. refusal (TS) /rɪˈfju:zl/ rechazo Callers phoned in to talk about Mika Brzezinski’s refusal to cover the Paris Hilton story. be released from jail /bi r ɪˌli:st :st frəm ˈʤeɪl/ ser liberado de la cárcel She was released from jail after serving twenty-two days for a driving offence. respectfully (adv) /r ɪˈspektf( spektf(ə)li/ respetuos respetuosament amente e Mika was not treated respectfully by her co-hosts. robb robber ery y (n) (n) /ˈr ɒbəri/ ri/ robo robo Anyone with information about the robbery should call the police. run run a stor story y /ˌrʌn ə ˈstɔ:ri/ publicar una historia ˌ
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If a newspaper, TV station etc runs a story , they give information about a news item. script (n) /skrɪpt/ guión The script is the written words the presenter must read out. serve (twenty-two days) (v) /s ɜ:v (twenti tu: de ɪz) / cumplir (22 días) Paris Hilton served twenty-two days in jail for a driving offence. Sexist comments show that you think men sexi sexist st (adj (adj)) /ˈseks seksɪst/ sexista and women should be treated in a different way. shred (v) /ʃred/ cortar en tiras “Shred” is a word meaning “tear up”. support (n) /səˈpɔ:t / apoyo Mika’s co-hosts gave her no support at all. susp suspec ectt (n) (n) /ˈsʌspekt/ sospechoso A suspect is someone who is suspected of committing a crime. take take a stan stand d (TS) (TS) /ˌteɪk ə ˈstænd/ adoptar una postura If you take a stand about something, you refuse to do it because you think it is wrong. tear tear up (phr (phr v) /ˌteər ˈʌp/ romper/hacer pedazos Mika tore the script up but was immediately handed a new copy. trac trace e a call call /ˌtre treɪs ə ˈkɔ:l/ rastrear una llamada If police trace a call , they use electronic equipment to find out where a telephone call was made. tria triall (n) (n) /ˈtra traɪəl/ juicio After a long trial, he was sentenced to five years in jail. triv trivia iall (ad (adj) /ˈtrɪviəl/ insignific insignificante, ante, trivia triviall Mika thought the Paris Hilton story was too trivial to be the lead story . You You rock rock!! (TS) (TS) / ˌju: ˈrɒk/ “ You rock! ” is an informal expression used to show approval or support for someone. (La rompés, sos un groso) Unit 10
audition (n) /ɔˈdɪʃn/ audiciones At the weekends Hayley goes to auditions. awkward (adj) / ˈɔ:kwəd/incómod d/incómodo, o, torpe torpe Some lies are designed to avoid unpleasant or awkward truths. beg (v) (TS) /beg/ rogar I was useless at the piano and my teacher begged my parents to stop sending me. can’t help yourself /k ɑ:nt ˈhelp help jəself/ self/ If you can’t help yourself , you cannot stop doing something. cool cool sb sb down down (phr (phr v) / ˌku:l sʌmbədi ˈ da daʊn/ refrescar/enfriar/calmarse The pocket fan (abanico, ventilador) cools you down when it’s really hot. be designed to /bi d ɪˈzaɪnd tu:/ estar diseñado para Some lies are designed to avoid unpleasant or awkward truths. detrim detriment ental al (ad (adj) j) /ˌdetr detr ɪˈmentl/ perjudicial Something that has a detrimental effect has a negative effect. dilemma (n) (TS) /da ɪˈlemə/ dilemm dilemma a A dilemma is a difficult problem or situation. do someth something ing again against st your your will will /ˌdu: sʌmθɪŋ əˌgens genstt jə ˈwɪl/ hacer algo en contra de tu voluntad Hayley’s mum says she is not forcing Hayley to do anything against her will . do/hav do/have e whatev whatever er it takes takes /ˌdu:/ˌhæv wɒtˌevə ɪt ˈteɪks/ tener lo que hace falta
Rachel thinks her daughter has what it takes to be a film star. drop drop sb off (ph (phrr v) (TS (TS)) /ˌdrɒp sʌmbədi ˈɒf/ dejar a alguien (en algún lugar) Ryan didn’t want his friends to see his parents drop him off at the gym. dye (v) /daɪ/ teñir If you dye your hair, you change its colour. eyes eyesig ight ht (n) (n) /ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ vista Eating carrots improves your eyesight and you’ll be able to see in the dark! fan (n) /fæn/ A pocket fan is a fan (abanico/ventilador) (abanico/ventilador) that sprays water in your face when it’s hot. follow follow-up -up (adj) (adj) (TS) (TS) /ˈf ɒləʊˌʌp/ continuación continuación I hope hope we we can can come come back back in ten years’ time and do a follow-up story when Hayley’s a star. gadg gadget et (n) (n) /ˈgæʤɪt/ aparato A gadget is a small piece of equipment that does something useful. handl handle e (n) (n) /ˈhændl/ hændl/ manija manija The spider catcher is round with a long handle. head massager massager (n) /ˌhed ˈmæsɑ:ʒə/ masajeador de cabeza The head massager looks like a spider with long legs. ice ice cub cube e (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈaɪs ˌkju:b/ cubo de hielo You could describe an iceberg as an enormous ice cube ! kick-b kick-boxi oxing ng (n) (TS) (TS) /ˈk ɪkˌbɒksɪŋ/ Kick-boxing is one of the martial arts. light light the the gas gas /ˌlaɪt ðə ˈgæs/ gæs/ mecher mechero o It’s a plastic gadget used for lighting the gas on the cooker. martial arts (n) /m ɑ:ʃl ˈɑ:ts/ Artes marciales Martial arts are sports such as judo or karate. mass massag age e (v) (v) /ˈmæsɑ:ʒ/ masajear.If you massage part of your body, you rub it gently. mental mental discipline discipline (n) (TS) /ˌmentl mentl ˈdɪsəplɪn/ disciplina mental Mental discipline discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult. nutri nutritio tious us (adj (adj)) /nju /nju::ˈtrɪʃəs/ nutritivo Food that is nutritious is good for you. originate (v) /əˈr ɪʤəneɪt/ originarse Some white lies originate from the need to encourage children to eat properly. peel (v) /pi:l/ pelar If you peel a piece of fruit, you remove the skin on the outside of it. recharge (v) /ri: ˈʧɑ:ʤ/ recargar The battery’s low on my phone – I need to recharge it. scary scary (adj) (adj) (TS (TS)) /ˈskeəri/atem ri/atemori orizan zante te Something that is scary is frightening. self-c self-conf onfide idence nce (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˌself selfˈk ɒnf ɪdəns/ segurida seguridad d en sí mismo mismo Martial arts help you to defend yourself and learn self-confidence. spray (v) /spre ɪ/ pulverizar, rociar The pocket fan sprays water in your face when it’s hot. stainle stainless ss stee steell (n) (n) /ˌsteɪnləs ˈsti sti:l/ acero inoxidable Stainless steel has been treated to prevent rust (óxido) forming on its surface. straig straighte hten n your your hair hair /ˌstre stre ɪtn jə ˈheə/ alis alisar ar el pelo pelo If you straighten your hair , you make it straight and not wavy or curly. unblock (v) / ʌnˈblɒk/ destapar/desatascar/ If you unblock something, you remove something from it so that liquid can flow through it. usele useless ss (ad (adj) j) (TS (TS)) /ˈju:sl :sləs/ inút inútil il 24
If you are useless at something, you are not good at it. be worth doing /bi ˌwɜ:θ ˈdu :ŋ/ vale vale la pena pena hacer hacer If a white lie helps a child to eat properly it’s worth telling .46 ː
Childhood
back back off off (phr (phr v) v) (TS) (TS) /ˌbæk ˈɒf/ desistir Do you think pushy (prepotentes) parents should back off and leave their children alone? bene benefi fitt (v) (v) /ˈben benɪf ɪt/ beneficiar Psychologists believe many white lies may actually benefit children. bib (n) /bɪb/ babero A bib is a piece of cloth that protects babies’ clothes when they are eating. brin bring g sb up up (phr (phr v) v) /ˌbrɪŋ sʌmbədi ˈʌp/ criar Some parents have problems bringing their children up . care care for for (phr (phr v) / ˈkeə f ɔ:/ cuidar Your parents are the people who care for you when you are a child. a child star (n) (TS) / ə ʧaɪld ˈstɑ:/ niño estrella Being a child star can be an isolating experience. crea creati tive ve (ad (adj) j) /kri: /kri:ˈeɪtɪv/ creativo Someone who is creative has a lot of imagination and unusual ideas. curl (v) /kɜ:l/ enrul enrular ar If you you eat your your crust crusts(c s(cost ostras ras), ), your your hair will will curl . deprive sb of a normal childhood /d ɪˌpraɪv sʌmbədi əv ə nɔ:ml ˈʧaɪldhʊd/ privar a alguien de una niñez normal Do you worry that that you’re depriving Hayley of a normal childhood ? develop language skills /dɪˌveləp ˈ læ læŋgwɪʤ skɪlz/ desarrollar habilidades del idioma When children develop language skills , they learn to talk, and read and write. dummy mmy (n (n) /ˈdʌmi/ chupete A dummy is an object you put in a baby’s mouth to stop it crying. eat eat up up (ph (phrr v) v) /ˌi:t ˈʌp/ consumir/terminar Some white lies encourage children to eat up their vegetables. eat eat you yourr cru crust stss /ˌi:t jə ˈkrʌsts/ comer tus costras If you eat your crusts , your hair will curl. educa educatio tional nal (adj) (adj) /ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃn(ə)l/ educativo educativo,, pedagógico pedagógico Something that is educational helps people to learn. excitement (n) /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ entusiasm entusiasmo, o, alboroto alboroto Father Christmas brings fun and excitement to children at Christmas. fall fall off off (phr (phr v) /ˌf ɔ:l ˈɒf/ caer If you’re not careful you’ll fall off that wall. Father Father Christ Christmas mas (n) /ˌf ɑðə ˈkrɪsməs/ Papá Papá Noel Noel Father Christmas is part of the magic of Christmas for many children. fulfil your potential /f ʊlˌf ɪl jɔ: ˈpətenʃl/ alcanzar su potencial Hayley’s mum thinks she’s special and wants to help her fulfil her potential. get square square eyes /get ˌskweə ˈaɪz/ tener ojos cuadrados If I think my child’s watched enough television, I tell him he’ll get square eyes. guil guilty ty (adj (adj)) /ˈgɪlti/ culpable ˌ
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Should parents feel guilty for not being 100% truthful with their children? isol isolat atin ing g (ad (adj) j) /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪŋ/ aislado / incomunicado An isolating experience makes you feel as if you are alone. be keen keen for sb to do sth (TS) /bi /bi ˌki:n fə sʌmbədi tə ˈdu: sʌmθɪŋ/ estar interesado que alguien haga algo Ryan’s mother was keen for him to learn the piano. know when there there is is something something wrong wrong /ˌn əʊ wen ðe ðeər ɪz ˌsʌmθɪŋ ˈrɒŋ/ saber cuando hay algo malo Mums know when something is wrong even if you don’t tell them. libe libera rall (adj (adj)) /ˈlɪ b(ə)rəl/ libe libera rall Liberal parents give their children freedom. lie (v) /laɪ/ mentir Parents often lie to their children to encourage them to do things that are good for them. look look aft after er (ph (phrr v) /ˌlʊk ˈɑ:ft :ftə/ cuida cuidarr Who looked after you when your parents were out? magic (n) (n) /ˈmæʤɪk/ magia Father Christmas is part of the magic of Christmas for many children. magi magica call (ad (adj) j) /ˈmæʤɪkl/ mágico The story of the tooth fairy makes the world a more magical place for children. myth (n) /mɪθ/ mito Some myths were created to improve children’s behaviour. nanny nanny (n) / ˈnæni/ næni/ niñera niñera A nanny is someone adults employ to look after their children. naug naught hty y (ad (adj) j) /ˈn ɔ:ti/ travieso Parents get angry with their children when they are naughty. your nose will grow /j ɔ: ˈnəʊz wɪl ˌgrəʊ/ tu nariz crecerá Some people say that if you tell a li e, your nose will grow . obsessed (adj) /ɒbˈsest sest// obse obsesi sion onad ada a Hayley’s father, George, thinks his wife is obsessed and not reasonable. pillo illow w (n) (n) /ˈpɪləʊ/ almohada Parents tell their children that if they put a tooth under their pillow , the tooth fairy will take it. pote potent ntia iall (n) (n) (TS) (TS) /p /pəˈten ten ʃl/ potencial A child’s potential is its ability do develop particular skills. pres pressu sure re (n) (n) /ˈpre preʃə/ presión I want Hayley to grow up up like a normal child child – there’s too much pressure in the film world. protec protectt a child child’s ’s inno innocen cence ce /prə tekt tekt ə ʧaɪldz ˈɪnəsens/ sens/ proteger proteger la inocenc inocencia ia del niño Some white lies protect a child’s innocence . pull a fac face /ˌpʊl ə ˈfeɪs/ hacer una mueca If you pull a face , you put a silly or rude expression on your face. push pushy y par paren entt (n) (n) /ˌpʊʃi ˈpeərənt/ padre padre prepot prepotent ente, e, agres agresivo ivo Pushy parents are parents who are very ambitious for their children. see see in the the d dar ark k /ˌsi: ɪn ðə ˈdɑ:k/ ver ver en la oscuridad oscuridad Parents sometimes tell tell their children that eating carrots will help them see in the dark . a stage stage in life /ə steɪʤ ɪn ˈlaɪf/ una etapa de la vida Some white lies make the world more magical and help children through a stage in their life . stay stay on on the the lin line e /ˌste steɪ ɒn ðə ˈlaɪn/ permanecer en línea If you’re phoning your friends, don’t stay on the line too long. ˌ
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stimulate stimulate the brain imaginatio imagination n /ˌstɪmjʊleɪt ðə ˈbreɪn ˌɪmæʤɪˈneɪʃn/ estimular el cerebro If you stimulate a child’s brain or imagination, you help them be more creative strict (adj) /str ɪkt/ estricto Don’t be too strict – you have to let your children play and have friends. take take the the easy easy rou route te /ˌteɪk ði: ˈi:zi ru:t/ tomar el camino fácil Some parents think it’s wrong to take the easy route and tell a lie. tell tell a lie /ˌ tel ə ˈ laɪ/ decir una mentira Most parents tell their children lies . tell off off (phr v) v) /ˌtel ˈɒf/ retar Mum always told us off when we were naughty. tidy tidy away/ away/up up (phr (phr v) /ˌtaɪdi əˈweɪ/ˈʌp/ recoger/ordenar Who tidied up after you had played with your toys? toot tooth h fair fairy y (n) (n) /ˈtu:θ ˌfeəri/ ratoncito ratoncito Pérez Pérez The tooth fairy is an imaginary creature who takes children’s teeth from under their pillows. Toys are things that children play with when they are toy (n) /tɔɪ/ juguete young. trua truant nt (n) (n) /ˈtru tru:ənt/ el que que falta falta a clase clase sin permiso permiso A truant is a school student who stays away from school without permission. trut truthf hful ul (ad (adj) j) /ˈtru tru:θfl/ vera veraz, z, sincer sincero o If you are 100% truthful with your children, you never tell them lies. tuck tuck you you in in (phr (phr v) /ˌt ʌk ju: ˈɪn/ arropar/ cubrir con la manta Who tucked you in bed at night? whit white e lie lie (n) (n) /ˌwaɪt ˈlaɪ/ mentira piadosa White lies can benefit children by protecting them or helping to stimulate their brains. worr worry y (abo (about ut)) (v) (v) /ˈw ʌri (əbaʊt) / preocuparse de Mum always worries about me when I’m out at night. yell (at) (v) /jel (æt) / gritar If you yell at your children, you shout at them. Unit 11
ageis geistt (n) (n) /ˈeɪʤɪst/ alguien que discrimina a las personas por la edad Someone who is ageist treats older people in an unfair way. aisle (n) /aɪl/ pasillo She walked up and down the aisles of the supermarket pushing her trolley. anxi anxiou ouss (ad (adj) j) /ˈæŋkʃəs/ ansioso Someone who is anxious is often worried. bear bearde ded d (adj (adj)) /ˈbɪədɪd/ con barba A bearded man is a man who has a beard. a big big issu issue e /ə bɪg ˈɪʃu:/ un gran asunto If something becomes a big issue , it becomes a big problem. brush brush off off (phr (phr v) v) (TS) (TS) /ˌbrʌʃ ˈɒf/ quitar con un cepillo I picked up the chicken and brushed the cat hairs off it! change (n) / ʧeɪnʤ/ cambio Change is the money someone gives back to you in a shop when you give more money than it costs to buy something. coun counte terr (n) (n) / ˈkaʊntə/ mostr mostrado adorr The counter is the place where customers are served in a shop. exceed your limit (TS) / ɪkˌsi:d jə ˈlɪ mɪt/ exceder exceder tu límite You’ve exceeded your limit by £500. You need to come to the bank to discuss it. get get into into a mes messs /ˌget get ɪntu: ə ˈmes/ meterte en problemas ˌ
If you get into a mess , you get into a difficult situation. get over the shock /get ˌəʊvə ðə ˈʃɒk/ superar el shock She slowly got over the shock of being forty. get get sb/st sb/sth h on its feet feet /ˌget sʌmbədi/s i/sʌmθɪŋ ɒn ɪts ˈfi:t/ hacer que se levanten If you get a group of people on their feet , you make them want to dance, sing etc. hang hang up (phr (phr v) /ˌhæŋ ˈʌp/ colgar Is it time for the Stones to hang up their bandanas (pañuelos)? have fu fun /ˌhæ v ˈf ʌn/ divertirse It’s important to have fun and do things you enjoy. be on you yourr mind mind (TS (TS)) /ˌbi: ɒn jə ˈmaɪnd/ tener en mente You look worried. What ’s on your mind ? keep keep your your mou mouth th shut shut (TS) (TS) /ˌki:p jə ˈmaʊθ ʃʌt/ quedarte callado I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have said that. I should have kept my mouth shut . kick kick off off (ph (phrr v) v) /ˌkɪk ˈɒf/ empezar If something kicks off , or if you kick something off , it starts. li ar ar (n (n) /ˈl aɪə/ mentiroso Someone who is a liar does not tell the truth. lick (v) /lɪk/ lamer The cat licked the chicken and burnt her tongue! lose lose tou touch ch wit with h sb /ˌlu:z ˈtʌʧ wɪð sʌmbədi/ perder perder contac contacto to con I lost touch with him when we left university. be the the othe otherr way way round round / ˌbi: ði: ˌʌðə weɪ ˈraʊnd/ al revés revés Being eleven years older is nothing for a man, but for a woman it’s the other way round . oversleep (v) / ˌəʊvəˈsli:p/ quedarse dormido We stayed up late and overslept the following morning. queu queue e up (phr (phr v) v) /ˌkju: ˈʌp/ hacer cola You queue up at the counter to pay for your shopping. rebel rebel (n) (n) /ˈrebl/ rebl/ rebe rebelde lde Someone who is a rebel does not accept authority or accepted rules. roc rocker (n) /ˈrɒkə/ roqu roquer ero o A rocker is someone who plays or likes rock music. a rocky rocky past past /ə rɒki ˈpɑ:st/ un pasado complicado If someone has a rocky past , they have had problems in their life. scru scruff ffy y (ad (adj) j) /ˈskr skrʌfi/ dejado/desaliñado Someone who is scruffy is untidy or dirty. shuffle (v) /ˈʃʌfl/ caminar arrastrando los pies If you shuffle, you walk in a slow, uncertain way. stay stay up late late /ˌste steɪ ʌp ˈleɪt/ quedarse despierto hasta tarde We stayed up late and overslept the following morning. take take life life seriou seriously sly /ˌteɪk laɪf ˈsɪəriəsli/ tomarse tomarse la la vida en en serio Don’t take life too seriously – you need to have some fun as well. tale talent nted ed (adj (adj)) /ˈtæləntɪd/ talentoso The Rolling Stones wouldn’t be so popular if they weren’t so talented. be tied up (TS) /bi ˌtaɪd ˈʌp/ estar ocupado I’m afraid I’m tied up today. Can we meet tomorrow? traumatic (adj) /tr ɔ:ˈmætɪk/ traumático A traumatic event makes you feel very upset and shocked. trol trolle ley y (n) (n) /ˈtrɒli/ carrito (de supermercado) She walked up and down the aisles of the supermarket pushing her trolley. 26
turn turn out out (ph (phrr v) v) /ˌtɜ:n ˈaʊt/ resultar I spent all afternoon preparing the meal, and was pleased with how it turned out. Adverbs
actua tually lly /ˈækʧuəli/ en realid realidad ad I thought the concert was embarrassing – actually , I regret going. apparently / əˈpæ rəntli/ aparente aparentement mente e Mick Jagger was 65 in July 2008, apparently. basi basica call lly y /ˈbeɪsɪkli/ básicamente I have a problem with his dancing – basically , I think he’s too old to dance like that. beau beautif tiful ully ly /ˈbju bju:təfli/ maravillosa maravillosamente mente Keith Richards still plays the guitar beautifully. bril brilli lian antl tly y /ˈbrɪljəntli/ brillantemente I thought the band performed brilliantly . clea learly rly /ˈklɪəli/ claramente She doesn’t talk much and is clearly very shy. defi defini nite tely ly /ˈdef( def(ə)nətli/ tli/ defin definit itiv ivam amen ente te My grandfather definitely doesn’t make people pay to watch him dance! energetically /en əˈʤetɪkli/ enérgicamente I bet your grandfather can’t dance as energetically as Mick Jagger. enormously /ɪˈnɔ:məsli/ enorme enormemen mente te T he Rolling Stones are an enormously talented band. fort fortun unat atel ely y /ˈf ɔ:ʧənətli/ afortunad afortunadamen amente te Fortunately the teacher didn’t notice I’d forgotten to bring my books. grac gracef eful ully ly /ˈgre greɪsf(ə)li/ con gracia Do you think it’s time they retired gracefully ? hars hl hly /ˈhɑ:ʃli/ con severidad The world judges older women harshly. hopef opefu ully lly /ˈhəʊpfli/ con un poco de suerte Hopefully we can see each other again soon. natu natura rall lly y /ˈnæʧ(ə)rəli/ natu naturalm ralment ente e I’m a big fan so naturally I loved the gig. obviously /ˈɒbviəsli/ obviamen obviamente te I’m a big fan so obviously I loved the gig. pers perso onall nally y /ˈpɜ:snəli/ personalm personalmente ente Personally, I thought Mick Jagger looked pretty good. predictably /pr ɪˈdɪktəbli/ de manera manera previs previsible ible Sarah’s never punctual and, predictably , she arrived 10 minutes late! regu regula larl rly y / ˈregj regjʊləli/ regularmente I don’t live abroad and see my family regularly. Stupidly , I left my umbrella in the stup stupid idly ly /ˈstju stju:pɪdli/ estúpidamente car. surp surpri rissingl ingly y /səˈpra praɪzɪŋli/ sorprendentemente sorprendentemente Surprisingly, she refused the invitation. unbelievably /ʌnbɪˈli:vəbli/ increíbleme increíblemente nte He llooks ooks unbelievably young for his age. unfortunately / ʌnˈf ɔ:ʧənətli/ desafort desafortuna unadamen damente te Unfortunately it started to rain just before the gig started.
assume (v) /əˈsj u:m/ asumir You’ll look at my clothes, which will probably be my friend’s clothes, and wrongly assume I’m rich. barg bargai ain n (n) (n) /ˈbɑ:gɪn/ oferta oferta I got got the hat in the the sales sales – it was was a bargain . blunt (adj) /blʌnt/ desafilado A blunt knife is not sharp and does not cut properly. cont contra rast st (n) (n) /ˈkɒntrɑ:st/ contraste I wear the cowboy boots with a smart suit – the contrast looks great. eccentric (adj) / ɪkˈsentr ɪk/ excéntrico Something that is eccentric is very strange or unusual. to make make ends meet /tə meɪk endz ˈmi:t/ llegar a fin de mes I’m an artist but work in an art gallery three days a week to make ends meet. flat flat tyre tyre (n) (n) /ˌflæ flæt ˈtaɪə/ goma desinflada A flat tyre has no air in it. be in sb’s genes /bi: ɪn ˌsʌmbədɪz ˈʤi:nz/ estar en los genes de uno Vanessa’s parents were interior designers, so style is in her genes . go off off (phr (phr v) v) /ˌgəʊ ˈɒf/ sonar When your alarm goes off in the morning, it starts making a noise to wake you up. grip (n) /gr ɪp/ apretón If we shake hands, you’ll notice that my grip is strong. interior designer (n) / ɪnˌtɪəriə dɪˈzaɪnə/ diseñador diseñador de de interiores interiores An interior designer chooses the colours, furniture etc for the inside of a room or building. make make a livi living ng /ˌmeɪk ə ˈlɪ vɪŋ/ ganarse la vida If you make a living from something, you earn enough money from it to live. on a day-to-day basis / ɒn ə deɪtə deɪ ˈbeɪsɪs/ en el día a día On a day-to-day basis Vanessa prefers comfortable clothes. outc outcom ome e (n) (n) /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/ resultado put together outfits without too much thought and see what the outcome is. be in the public eye /bi ˌɪn ðə pʌblɪk ˈaɪ/ estar en la vidriera / As I became more in the public eye , I became more aware of what I wore. the red carpet carpet /ðə ˌred ˈkɑpɪt/ la alfombra roja The red carpet is a carpet that is put on the ground when important people visit a place. the the sales sales (n pl) pl) /ˌðə ˈseɪlz/ (los negocios que están en liquidación) I got the hat in the sales – it was a bargain. scare scare (v) /ske /skeə/ atemorizar atemorizar The red carpet treatment scares Vanessa Paradis. set eyes on sb /ˌset ˈaɪz ɒn sʌmbədɪ/ poner los ojos en alguien If you’ve never set eyes on someone before, it is the first time you’ve seen them. shake hands /ˌʃeɪk ˈhændz/ estrechar las manos We introduced ourselves and shook hands . Smal Smalll world world.. (TS) (TS) /ˌsmɔ:l ˈwɜ:ld/ pequeño mundo “Small world ” is an expression used to show you are surprised that someone has visited the same places as you. stroll (n) /strəʊl/ paseo A stroll is a short, relaxing walk. ˌ
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Unit 12 27
work work out out (phr (phr v) /ˌwɜ:k ˈaʊt/ elaborar, desarrollar, desarrollar, entender. Working as a model helped to develop her style and to work out what suited her. wouldn’t wouldn’t be seen seen dead dead in sth sth (TS) (TS) /ˌwʊdnt bi ˌsi:n ˈded ɪn sʌmθɪŋ/ no me pondría eso ni muerta/ ni loca Most of my friends wouldn’t be seen dead in snakeskin cowboy boots! wron wrongl gly y (ad (adv) v) /ˈr ɒŋli/ de manera errónea If you wrongly assume something, you think that something is true when, actually, it isn’t. Clothes & Fashion
bagg baggy y (ad (adj) j) / ˈbægi/ holgado Baggy clothes are very loose on your body. belt (n) /belt/ cinturón Fran wears her red miniskirt with a brown leather belt . bohemian (adj) /bəʊˈhi:miən/ bohem bohemio io A bohemian style is informal and considered typical of writers and artists. brand-n brand-new ew (adj) (adj) /ˌbrændˈnju:/ flamante A brand-new piece of clothing has never been worn before. checked (adj) / ʧekt/ a cuadros A checked shirt is one that has a pattern of squares on it. cowbo cowboy y boots boots (n pl) / ˈkaʊbɔɪ ˌbu:ts/ botas de vaquero Al is really proud of his American snakeskin cowboy boots . designer look (n) /d ɪˈzaɪnə lʊk/ look de un un diseñador Carla Bruni thinks the head-to-toe designer look is ridiculous. eleg elegan antt (adj (adj)) /ˈelɪgənt/ elegante elegante He was wearing wearing an elegant white linen jacket. fash fashio ion n (n) (n) /ˈfæʃn/ moda The head-to-toe designer look is the opposite of fashion. fit (v) /f ɪt/ quedar bien These trousers are too tight – they don’t fit me any more. flop floppy py (ad (adj) j) /ˈflɒpi/ flexible A floppy hat is soft and loose. fur (n) /f ɜ:/ piel Many people in Russia wear fur hats in the winter. go with with (phr (phr v) /ˈgəʊ ˌwɪð/ combinar con I’m trying to find a top that goes with these trousers. hood oody (n (n) /ˈhʊdi/ capucha A hoody is a top that looks like a small jacket, with a hood that covers your head. leathe leatherr jacke jackett (n) (n) /ˌleðə ˈʤækɪt/ Campera de cuero The red miniskirt looks fantastic with my old black leather jacket . long/s long/shor hort-s t-slee leeved ved /ˈlɒŋ/ˈʃɔ:t ˌsli:vd/ de manga corta/larga Short-sleeved shirts are more comfortable in hot weather. low-wa low-waist isted ed (adj (adj)) /ˌləʊˈweɪstɪd/ de tiro bajo I don’t like low-waisted trousers. You take away (quitas, reducis) the hips and the waist – the best bits. match (v) /mæʧ/ combinar Don’t forget to check that your socks match! matchi matching ng bag/h bag/hat at etc etc (n) (n) / ˌmæʧɪŋ ˈbæg/ˈhæt/ bolso bolso o sombre sombrero ro que que co combine mbine A matching bag and hat makes you look like a Christmas tree! mini minisk skir irtt (n) (n) /ˈmɪniˌskɜ:t/ minifalda In the early days, Vanessa loved wearing miniskirts and leather jackets. mode modell llin ing g (n) (n) /ˈmɒdlɪŋ/ modelaje Through modelling, Carla learned how to use her body. outfit tfit (n) /ˈaʊtˌf ɪt/ equipo/ conjunto Jay’s favourite outfit is black skinny jeans with a black polo-neck top. ˌ
pins pinstr trip ipe e suit suit (n) (n) /ˈpɪnˌstraɪp/ traje oscuro de raya diplomática A smart pinstripe suit is made of material with a thin line woven into it. plain (adj) /pleɪn/ lisa A plain shirt etc is one that doesn’t have a pattern. poin pointy ty sho shoes es (n (n pl) pl) /ˌpɔɪnti ˈʃu:z/ zapatos en punta Pointy shoes have a point at the front. polo polo-n -nec eck k (n) (n) / ˌpəʊləʊˈnek/ cuello alto/ polera A polo-neck top has a high neck that folds over. put put toget together her (phr (phr v) / ˌp ʊt təˈgeðə/reuni r, r, j un untar Vanessa likes putting together outfits without too much thought. shoulder pads (n pl) / ˈʃəʊldə pædz/ pædz/ hombr hombrera erass Shoulder pads are thick soft pieces of material inside the shoulders of a jacket. Silk is a thin, smooth, expensive material. silk (n) /sɪlk/ seda skinn skinny y jeans jeans (n pl) /ˌskɪni ˈʤi:nz/ jeans chupines Skinny jeans are extremely tight. smart (adj) /smɑ t/ elegante I wear smart pinstripe suits for work. snak snakes eskin kin (n) (n) /ˈsne sneɪkˌskɪn/ piel de serpiente Al loves his snakeskin cowboy boots. stand stand out out (phr (phr v) /ˌstænd ˈaʊt/ resaltar If you stand out in a crowd, everyone notices you. Striped material has lines woven into it. striped (adj) /straɪpt/ rayado style (n) /staɪl/ estilo I don’t think anyone can teach you to have style – you either have it or you don’t. Suede is leather with a soft brushed surface. suede (n) /swe ɪd/ gamuza suit (v) /su:t/ favorecer/quedarle favorecer/quedarle bien Working as a model helped to develop her style and to work out what suited her. take take off off (ph (phrr v) /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ sacar sacar If the the trousers trousers feel feel a bit tight tight round round the the waist, I take them off and try on another pair. top (n) /tɒp/top Jay likes wearing wearing black skinny jeans with black polo-neck top. try try on on (phr (phr v) /ˌtra traɪ ˈɒn/probarse She tried on two or three tops before finding one that looked right. V-ne V-neck ck (n) (n) /ˈvi:nek/ escote en V. Do you prefer V-necks or polo necks? wooll oolly y (ad (adj) j) /ˈwʊli/ de lana I decided to wear a thick, woolly jumper as it was so cold. ˌ
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Physical Description
of averag average e build build /əv ævrɪʤ ˈbɪld/ de constitución regular He’s just under six feet tall and of average build . bald (adj) /bɔ:ld/ pelado A man who is bald has no hair. blond blond stre streaks aks (n pl) pl) /ˌblɒnd ˈstri :ks/ reflejos/mechones rubios Blond streaks are lines of a lighter colour in s omeone’s hair. Bushy hair is very thick. bush bushy y (adj (adj)) /ˈbʌʃi/ tupido curl curly y (adj (adj)) /ˈkɜ:li/ enrulado Do you prefer curly or straight hair? dark dark sha shado dows ws (n (n pl) pl) /ˌdɑ:k ˈʃædəʊz/ sombras / ojeras oscuras He looked very tired and had dark shadows under his eyes. deep deep-se -sett (ad (adj) j) /ˈdi:pˌset/ set/ hun hundi dido do Deep-set eyes seem to be a long way back into your face. ˌ
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eyeb eyebro row w (n) (n) eyebrow.
eyel eyelin iner er (n) (n)
/ˈaɪˌbraʊ/ ceja
He had a scar across the centre of his left
/ˈaɪˌlaɪnə/ delin delinead eador or
Eyeliner is a line of black make-up that you put round your eyes.
face face-li -lift ft (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈfeɪsˌlɪft/ estiramiento facial She looked as if she’d had a face-lift, but in fact she’d just had a makeover. Freckles are small brown spots on your frec freckl kles es (n (n pl) pl) /ˈfrek frekəlz/ lz/ peca pecass skin. ginger (adj) /ˈʤɪnʤə/ colorado People with ginger hair often have a lot of freckles. goat goatee ee (n) (n) /ˌgəʊˈti:/ barba de chivo, “chivita” In Pirates of the Caribbean Johnny Depp has a small goatee beard. have have your your clothe clothess designe designed d by a stylist stylist /hæv j ə kləʊðz dɪˌzaɪnd baɪ ə ˈstaɪlɪst/ tener las ropas diseñadas por un estilista Angela had her clothes designed by a stylist to improve her appearance. have have your ears ears pierced pierced /hæv jər ˈɪəz pɪəst/ hacerse los agujeritos para ponerse los aritos I had my ears pierced when I was 14. have have your eyelids eyelids lifted /hæv jər ˈaɪlɪdz ˌlɪftɪd/ levantarse los párpados Tony had plastic surgery to have his eyelids lifted . have have your hair cut and coloured coloured /hæv j ə he ə k ʌt ən ˈkʌləd/ Having your hair cut and coloured can really improve your appearance. have have your your make-u make-up p done done by by an expert expert /hæv /hæv j ə me ɪkʌp dʌn baɪ ən ˈekspɜ:t/ You can pay a lot of money to have your make-up done by an expert. have have your teeth whitened whitened /hæv j ə ti:θ ˈwaɪtənd/ blanque blanquearse arse los diente dientess Having my teeth whitened gave me more confidence. have have your wardrobe wardrobe re-design re-designed ed /hæv j ə w ɔ:drəʊb ri:dɪˈzaɪnd/ tener el guardarropas rediseñado/ If you have your wardrobe re-designed , someone chooses a lot of new clothes for you to wear. haze hazell (ad (adj) j) /ˈheɪzl/ avellana Hazel eyes are light brown and slightly golden in colour. in her/his late teens / ɪn ˌhɪz/ˌhɜ: ˌleɪt ˈti:nz/ en los últimos años de la adolescencia If you are between between 17 and 19, 19, you are in your late teens . in your early/late thirties etc / ɪn jər ɜ:li/ˌleɪt ˈθɜ:tiz/ a principios o fines de los 30 She became President when she was only in her early thirties . just over/under ... / ˌʤʌst ˈəʊvə/ˈʌndə/ justo por por debajo debajo o por encima encima de If you are just under six feet tall, you are nearly six feet in height. make makeov over er (n) (n) (TS (TS)) /ˈmeɪkˌəʊvə/ maq maquil uillaje laje After the makeover Angela only looked about twenty-eight! medi medium um (adj (adj)) /ˈmi:diəm/ median mediana a If you are of medium build, you are neither thin nor fat. Messy hair is not tidy. messy mes sy (adj) (adj) /ˈmes mesi/ i/ desor desorden denado ado mole (n) /məʊl/ lunar A mole is a brown spot on your skin that is permanent. overweight (adj) / ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ sobrepeso Someone who is overweight is too fat. plasti plasticc surger surgery y (n) (TS) (TS) /ˌplæstɪk ˈsɜ:ʤəri/ cirugía plástica ˌ
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If you can afford plastic surgery , you’re bound to look better. receding (adj) /r ɪˈsi:dɪŋ/(cayéndose el pelo) (quedándose (quedándose calvo) If your hair is receding , less and less of is growing at the front. scar (n) /skɑ:/ cicatriz A scar is a mark on your skin caused by an injury. shoulder-length (adj) / ˈʃəʊldəˌleŋθ/ a la altura altura de los hombros hombros In Pirates of the Caribbean Johnny Depp has messy black shoulder-length hair. side sidebu burn rnss (n pl) pl) /ˈsaɪdˌbɜ:nz/ patillas Sideburns are the hair that grows down a man’s cheeks. skin skinny ny (adj (adj)) /ˈskɪni/ flac flacuc ucho ho Someon Someone e who is skinny is very thin. slim (adj) /slɪm/ delgado Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way. stoc stocky ky (a (adj) dj) /ˈstɒki/ petiso y fornido Someone who is stocky looks strong but is not tall. tatt tattoo oo (n) (n) /tæ /tæˈtu:/ tatuaje A tattoo is a picture drawn in ink on your skin. tiny tiny (adj (adj)) /ˈtaɪni/ pequeño/diminuto Someone who is tiny is extremely small. transf transform ormati ation on (n) /ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn/ transformación Did you see Ten Years Younger last night? The transformation was incredible. Wavy hair is slightly curly. wavy avy (adj (adj)) /ˈweɪvi/ ondulado wellell-bu buil iltt (adj (adj)) /ˌwel welˈbɪlt/ fornido. Someone who is well-built has a strong body. Review D
acad academ emic ic wor work k (n) (n) /æk /ækəˈdem dem ɪk ˌwɜ:k/ trabajo académico Academic work is based on books and studying rather than practical experience. be behi behind nd sb /ˌbi bɪˈhaɪnd sʌmbədi/ estar/que estar/quedar dar atrás atrás Bella is really glad that her teenage years are behind her . boar boardi ding ng sch schoo ooll (n) /ˈb ɔ:dɪŋ sku:l/ escuela pupila/internado A boarding school is a school where the students also live and sleep. children’s home (n) (TS) / ˈʧɪldr ldrənz həʊm/ Hogar de niños A children’s home is a place where children go if they cannot live with their family. foster foster parent parentss (n pl) pl) (TS) (TS) /ˈf ɒstə peərənts/ nts/ padr padres es sust sustitu ituto toss Foster parents are parents who look after a child for a short period of time because the child’s own parents cannot look after them. kid (n) /kɪd/ niño If Alec was Prime Minister, he wouldn’t make kids go to school all day! neighbou neighbourhoo rhood d spirit spirit (n) (n) (TS) (TS) / ˌne ɪbəhʊd ˈspɪrɪt/ espíritu de barrio There’s a real neighbourhood spirit here – everyone helps each other. overall (adv) /ˌəʊvərˈɔ:l/ en conjunto Overall, the teachers at school are very liberal. owe (v) /əʊ/ deber I’m still paying off my student loan – I owe £30,000! pay pay sth sth off off (phr (phr v) v) /ˌpeɪ sʌmθɪŋ ˈɒf/ pagar, cancelar (un pago) I’m still paying off my student loan – I owe £30,000! retr retrai ain n (v) (v) /ri: /ri:ˈtre treɪn/ hacer un curso de recapacitación Karen retrained as a drama teacher a few years ago. sadl sadly y (ad (adv) v) /ˈsædli/ tristemente.Sadly my mum and dad died when I was very young. smell (v) /smel/ oler, tener olor olor Mum says says we can’t get get a dog because because they they smell! ˌ
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sort sort out out (phr (phr v) /ˌsɔ: t ˈaʊt/ resolver, resolver, poner en en orden orden I thought thought my life would would be sorted out when I got to my thirties, but it’s not that simple! studen studentt loan loan (n) /ˌstju:dənt ˈ ləʊn/ préstamo estudiantil I’m still paying off my student loan – I owe £30,000! tough (adj) /tʌf/ dura, difícil Life as a single parent was tough for Karen. ups and downs (n pl) altibajos /ˌʌps ən ˈdaʊnz/ Life’s had its ups and downs , but generally things are OK. 55
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