NETWORK MONITORING USING CAPTIVE PORTAL IN PFSENSE
ROHIDAYU BINTI OTHMAN
NETWORK MONITORING USING CAPTIVE PORTAL IN PFSENSE
ROHIDAYU BINTI OTHMAN
DECLARATION
I would like to declare this thesis has been satisfied in term of abstract, scope, literature review, framework and also presentation. This thesis is produce based on my own effort in gathering information from sources to complete it. The work is a result from my investigation. I also understand that cheating and plagiarism is not allow in university so I am sure this thesis thesi s never been produce by any student from University Sultan Zainal Abidin or student from others university.
CONFIRMATION
This report entitled Network Monitoring Using Captive Portal In pfSense was prepared and submitted by Rohidayu Rohidayu Binti Othman (Matric Number : BTBL14037409) BTBL14037409) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor of Computer Science (Computer Network Security) with honors in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
______________________ ________________________________ __________
DEDICATION
Firstly, I am praised to Allah S.W.T because simplifying and blessing me to finish my final year project successfully. Next, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my supervisor, Dr. Mohd Fadzil Bin Abdul Kadir for his guidance, advice and idea throughout preparation process of completing this project. Besides that, I would like t o thanks all panels for valuable comment and suggestion regarding this project. Without all of them, this project is impossible to me for completing since this project must follow requirement that given. Secondly, I would like to give my appreciation to my beloved family’s members because they have given me support and encouragement
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, networking technology is increasing as well as a number of user increase. Each user can communicate to transfer data information through a network. However, when network continues to grow up, network administrator have to monitor traffic flow or bandwidth that are traversing networks. Some of the user that accessing the Internet without any purpose may cause a problem like a Bottleneck. The main purpose is to design a simulation that can monitor network and optimize network usage as well as limiting bandwidth and time. The importance of solving this problem is enhanced network traffic performance. Next, One Time Password algorithm has use as a technique which apply into captive portal. Captive portal is a web page that control any Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) browser access to the internet. A
ABSTRAK
Pada masa kini, teknologi rangkaian kian meningkat dan jumlah pengguna juga bertambah. Setiap pengguna boleh berkomunikasi berkomunikasi untuk memindahkan maklumat melalui sesuatu rangkaian. rangkaian. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila rangkaian semakin berkembang, pentadbir rangkaian perlu memantau aliran trafik atau bandwidth yang melalui rangkaian tersebut. Sebahagian pengguna yang mengakses Internet tanpa sebarang tujuan boleh menyebabkan masalah seperti Bottleneck. Tujuan utama adalah untuk mereka suatu simulasi yang boleh memantau rangkaian dan mengoptimumkan prestasi rangkaian disamping data akses dan masa boleh dihadkan. Kepentingan menyelesaikan
masalah
tersebut
adalah
prestasi
rangkaian
trafik
boleh
dipertingkatkan. Seterusnya, One Time Password algoritma digunakan sebagai teknik
CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION CONFIRMATION DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
i ii iii iv v vi viii ix x
CHAPTER 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
INTRODUCTION Background Problem statement Objectives Scopes Limitation of works
1 2 3 3 4
1.6
Report structure
4
2.7 2.8
2.6.4 Design and configuration of app supportive indirect internet access using a Transparent Proxy Server 2.6.5 Monitoring Local Local Area Network using Remote Method Invocation 2.6.6 Secure network monitoring system using mobile agents 2.6.7 Low cost cost web based remote remote monitoring and controlling system 2.6.8 Android based network monitor 2.6.9 Two factor authentication using smartphone generate one time password Overview of the Project and Research Summary
CHAPTER 3 3.1
METHODOLOGY Introduction
25
3.2 3.3
Flowchart Framework
25 27
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 24
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
TITLE
1.1
First table in chapter 2
PAGE
8
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE
1.1 1.2 1.3
First First figure in chapter 3 Second figure in chapter 3 Third figure in chapter 3
PAGE
22 24 25
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS
Domain Name System
LAN
Local Area Network
WAN
Wide Area Network
AD
Active Directory
NPS
Network Policy Server
TLS
Transport Layer Security
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In an era of globalization, access Internet has become a part of life and it is compulsory activity in everyday especially students. Besides, the Internet acts as medium communication between one person to another person in the world. The Internet can also become a resource for education which is teaching and learning. It is often connected by using wired but today, many places have connected the Internet using wireless as simply
like Snort as intrusion detection and prevention (IDS/IPS). In order to overcome network problem, pfSense must be configured as DHCP server. s erver. Switch is use to make two device such as computer connected. Switch act as bridge. Switch is better performance in average time compared with hub (Christopher Udeagha, R. Maye, D. Patrick, D. Humphery, D. Escoffery and E. Campbell, 2016). It can send and receive information at same time and faster than hub. Many peoples are use switch in forwarding a message to specific host. Authentication is an importance process should use to validate access from authorized user before he or she has given access to the resource. One Time Password is one form of authentication that mostly use with other forms of authentication. In other word, One Time Password algorithm is one of the simplest and most popular forms of two-factor authentication today (Nilesh Khankari and Geetanjali Kale, 2014).
1.3 Objectives
There are three main objectives to develop this project include:
i.
To study existing LAN infrastructure.
ii.
To design the simulation that can monitor and apply One Time Password algorithm into captive portal.
iii.
To implement the simulation that optimize network usage as well as limiting bandwidth and time in pfSense.
1.4 Scopes
The scopes of this project involve two parties which are administrator and user.
1.5
Limitation of work
There is some limitation in this project which are:
i.
Difficult to configure because network not in same range.
ii.
This simulation depends on an internet connection to be in real-time mode only.
iii.
This simulation need two network interface card.
1.6 Report structure
Chapter 1
Chapter 3 This chapter explains about methodology that use to perform in this project. This chapter also discuss about flowchart, framework a nd algorithm to shows concept of process model in this research.
Chapter 4 This is a conclusion chapter of final year project. Limitation and recommendation which discover into more advance are kindly stated there.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter is about selected literature review that need to describe and explain which are relate to a simulation will be developed. The literature review is a text of a trusted paper such as journal, article and book that include current knowledge about theoretical and methodological contribution. Main purpose of the literature review is to identify research methods and strategies that should be applying in this
These device are connect by using wired and wireless transmission media. Wired use copper wires or fiber optic cable to send data and receive data. Instead of wireless transmission, the data signal will travel on electromagnetic waves. In this case, we use switch act as a bridge to make client and server are connected. For information, two type of network that involve in this simulation which are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN). LAN is a privately own and connects some hosts in single office, building or campus but it is also depends on organization needed. Most LAN are design to allow resources to be shared between hosts. Normally, LAN is limited size of area while WAN is wider size of area. Rate of transmission that transmit between can be measured in kilobyte, megabyte or gigabyte per second.
2.3 Bandwidth usage
seconds and is particularly important in the case of transferring large amounts of data over a network (Stanislaw Lota and Marcin Markowski,2015). Wireless technology such as third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G) have significant give impact on the bandwidth. Most of universities are prefer use wireless means of providing internet to wired connection using Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (Aryeh, F. L., Asante, M. and Danso, A. E. Y.,2016). Many students are consume a lot of data access for streaming video and surfing media social. For example, a twenty megabits per-second (20 Mbps) is sufficient for download high definition video. Video-based application are require large amount of bandwidth because content video and audio in there.
2.4 Linux Operating Operating System
Free BSD. Linux is much better than Windows because Linux quite rarely crashes. According to the pfSense are install in computer, Ubuntu Linux has choose as operating system in the project. Ubuntu has been the better performer as far as the networking performance (Saranya S. Devan, 2013).
2.5 One Time Password
One Time Password schemes has been introduced that provide secure authentication. One Time Password is a popular algorithm or technique of two-factor authentication. A One Time Password is valid for only one login session (Nilesh Khankari and Geetanjali Kale, 2014). In other word, One Time Password is unlike a static password because it is changes each time the user want to log in. According to
2.6 Existing system
2.6.1 Securing Wireless Wireless Network using pfSense pfSense Captive Portal Portal with RADIUS Authentication
This paper discuss the authentication method to avoid unauthorized users to access. Effective ways of achieving a secure wireless network authentication is by using a Captive Portal with Radius authentication method. Wireless network allow users easy making connection although within local coverage of network. However, some problem about wireless network is security. The improvement security of WLAN is by using secure mechanism called Captive Portal. The advantages of that mechanism are users will direct to login page when they open web browser for accessing the internet and users does not need install access controller software on
2.6.2 Building secure wireless access access point based on certificate authentication authentication and firewall Captive Portal
According to this paper, discuss about securing wireless local area network used WPA2 Enterprise based PEAP MS-CHAP and Captive Portal. Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) is a member of family of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) protocols. It is use in Transport Layer Security to create encrypted channel between authenticating PEAP client. Moreover, PEAP does not specify an authentication method but provide additional security for other EAP authentication protocol. PEAP MS-CHAP will utilize Active Directory Certificate Service to generate digital certificate that install on NPS. Authentication process occurs in two phase. Firstly, use protocol EAP for opening channel TLS. Second, authentication mechanism of username and password that connect WLAN through
2.6.3 DNS-based Captive Portal with integrated transparent proxy to protect against user device caching incorrect IP address
This paper present about DNS-based captive portal. Name server receive Domain Name System (DNS) request and queries login database. Then, name server respond to DNS request with Internet Protocol (IP) address of web server as resolve IP address of specified domain name when user device is logged in. Web server acts as transparent proxy between user device and non-local target Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Captive portal involves a DNS server resolving all domain names for unlogged in user devices to the IP address of a login portal. Advantage from this paper is about good in security. This because when user want to access a website, they need logged in portal first before that website successful appear. Second advantage is make organization easy for managing users because possible instruct users to manually
2.6.4 Design and configuration configuration of app supportive indirect internet internet access using a Transparent Proxy Server
Company or institute need to perform many task such as web filtering, caching and user monitoring but only allow access Internet after authentication by using explicit proxy. According that statement, this paper has been proposed transparent proxy and captive portal to get application work with it. A pfSense use as firewall which has both proxy server and captive portal services integrated on single platform. User cannot be challenged for credential by proxy server itself since transparent proxy is use. So, user have authenticate by using captive portal. Transparent proxy has been proposed for fulfill filtering, caching and monitoring requirement. Advantage from this approach is proxy server will allowing client computer to make indirect network connection to other network services. Transparent proxy also does not require any
2.6.5 Monitoring Local Local Area Network using Remote Remote Method Method Invocation
In this paper, discuss about control and monitor network of Local Area Network (LAN) by using Remote Method Invocation (RMI). This technique allow java object execute on one machine to t o invoke method of a Java object that execute on another machine. Stub has been generated before use of client and server. Stub is a java object that reside on client machine and function of stub is present same interface as remote server. Network monitoring is use of system that constantly monitor computer network and then, notify network administrator if any problem detect. Java RMI is mechanism that allow one to invoke method on object that exist in another address space. Subsequently, Java RMI use for providing authority to administrator by stopping any illegal process and enable to monitor whole of LAN. Advantage of that
2.6.6 Secure network network monitoring system system using mobile agents agents
This paper represent about network monitoring system that follow decentralized approach for overcome problem of existing system. Decentralized approach are related with secure multi-agent based on architecture which create different mobile agents that has been proposed. Main proposed of the system to reduce network bandwidth by using mobile agent for monitoring the network. Problem of existing system are heterogeneity in network, limited amount of bandwidth, lack of resources, lack of fault tolerance capability and huge amount of traffic generated on central server. Beside, architecture of system have one Master Controller Agent (MCA) and different Controller Agent (CA). Mobile agent is use to control and manage network traffic as well as network infrastructure require. Advantages of the system are ability
2.6.7 Low cost web based based remote monitoring monitoring and controlling system system
In this paper, discuss about design and implement web monitoring and controlling system which is capable of monitoring visually and controlling device at remote areas autonomously through web page. Embedded system is a special-purpose computer system that design to perform one or few dedicated function often with realtime computing constraint. Besides, embedded system is require to run at speed of environment. Advantage of this system is dedicated to specific task may reduce size and cost of product and also increase reliability and performance. However, this system also have limitation or disadvantages. Disadvantages of the system is only focus on specific task only. General-purpose computer can do many different tasks depend on programming. This is reason might be challenge to design embedded
2.6.8 Android based based network network monitor monitor
The paper is purpose about develop a system that user not available at the actual site can monitor the network. This method can remote Local Area Network (LAN) by using a mobile-based application, ANDROID. Objective this system is develop a system where administrator can execute various command to control activities of network even when not present at actual site of network using a mobile-based app. Administrator can enter command through ANDROID app which would sent to remote server. Next, administrator would be authenticated using SHA (Secure hash algorithm) and gain right to monitor network. Two ways of control the network are enter command through mobile device and control network directly through server. Administrator is responsible to check network load on LAN by typing a command.
2.6.9 Two factor authentication authentication using smartphone smartphone generate one time password
According to paper, proposed a system that involves generating and delivering a One Time Password to mobile phone. The authors also explain about method of two factor authentication implemented using One Time Password (OTP) generate by Smartphone. Smartphone use as token for creating OTP. OTP is valid for short period of time only and it is generated and verified using Secured Cryptographic Algorithm. High security is the main advantage of using OTP. Security is the major concern in all sector. So OTP can solve a problem about password because it is valid in one session only. However, this system also have disadvantage. More than one two-factor authentication system require multiple token. From user’s point of view, token gives drawback which include cost of purchasing, issuing and managing the token as well.
2.7 Overview of the Project and Research
Table 2.1 : Comparison table of project and research
Author/Year
Project Name
Aryeh, F. L., Securing Wireless Asante, M. and Network Using Danso, A. E. Y. pfSense Captive Portal with (2016) RADIUS Authentication
B. Soewito and Hirzi (2014)
Building secure wireless access point based on certificate authentication and firewall Captive Portal
Technology/ Technique Radius authentication
Description - Authentication method to avoid unauthorized users to access - Effective ways in overcome problem is use a Captive Portal with Radius authentication method
WPA2 Enterprise
- Secure wireless wireless local area network used WPA2 Enterprise based PEAP MS-CHAP and Captive Portal - Two phase of authentication process are use protocol EAP and and authentication mechanism of username and password
19
Advantage - Users will direct to login page when they open web browser for access internet internet - Users does not need install access controller software on their mobile device Use strong authentication to protect data transmission
Disadvantage Difficult for large organization within over 2000 user login credential in Active Directory
Use PEAP MSCHAP security is still vulnerable to airodump-ng and aireplay-ng tools.
Peter S. Warrick and David T. Ong (2014)
Pranjal Sharma and T. Benith (2014)
DNS-based Captive Portal with integrated transparent proxy to protect against user device caching incorrect IP address
Integrated transparent proxy
Design and configuration of app supportive indirect internet access using a Transparent Proxy Server
Transparent Proxy Server
- Captive portal involves a DNS server resolve all domain names for unlogged in user devices to IP address of a login portal
- Good in security - Make organization easy for managing users
Only work if user initially attempt to browse to URL with domain name address
- Allow client computer to make indirect network connection to other network services
Web browser is unaware that it is communicate with a proxy
- Solution of problem is configuration DNS server of captive portal to provide low time-to-live (TTL) - Proposed transparent transparent proxy and captive portal to overcome problem - Transparent proxy use for fulfill filtering, caching and monitoring requirement - Captive portal technique use in this research for preventing user from access network until authentication occur
20
- Does not require any configuration on client’s end and makes use of efficient forwarding mechanism
Harsh Mittal, Manoj Jain and Latha Banda (2013)
Monitoring Local Area Network using Remote Method Invocation
Remote Method Invocation
- Control and monitor network of Local Area Network by using Remote Method Invocation - Allow java object execute on one machine to invoke method of a Java object that execute on another machine - Java RMI is mechanism mechanism that allow one to invoke method on object that exist in another address space and use for providing authority to administrator by stopping any illegal process and enable to monitor whole of Local Area Network
Larkins Carvalho and Nielet Dmello (2013)
Secure network monitoring system using mobile agents
Mobile agents
- Network monitoring system that follow decentralized approach for overcome problem of existing system - To reduce network bandwidth by using mobile agent for monitoring the network
21
- Use wireless network so can get Internet Protocol address of client and keep pinging every time for checking latest status LAN
Vast functionalities regarding its performance
- Instant of client’s machine image saved to database when server shutdown client’s machine
- Ability to achieve confidentiality and integrity - Reduce network bandwidth
Process of system slow and delay at a certain time
V. Srinivas and V.V.S.R.K.K. Pavan. Bh (2015)
Low cost web based remote monitoring and controlling system
Embedded system
- Web monitoring and controlling system is capable of monitoring visually and controlling device at remote areas autonomously through web page
- Dedicated to specific task may reduce size and cost of product
- Develop system that user not available at the actual site can monitor the network
- High throughput
Only focus on specific task only
- Increase reliability and - Embedded system is special- performance purpose computer system design to perform one or few dedicated function Aditya Bhosale, Kalyani Thigale, Sayali Dodke and Tanmay Bargal (2014)
Android based network monitor
Android
- Administrator is authenticate using Secure hash algorithm and gain right to monitor network - Two ways of control network are enter command through mobile device and control network directly through server
22
- Scalability - Availability - Reliability - Transparency
- Security model and algorithms of GPRS develop in secrecy and never publish - System does not support duplex communication between client and server
Sagar Archarya, Apoorva Polawar and P.Y.Pawar (2013)
Two factor authentication using smartphone generate one time password
One Time Password
- System that involves generating and delivering a One Time Password to mobile phone - OTP is valid for short period of time only
23
High security
Cost of purchasing, issuing and managing the token
2.8 Summary
This chapter provides overview regarding the concept of the system. Based on the study that has been made it shows the literature review is one of the important part in research. Literature review will help in determine idea about technology has been studied before or not. Besides, research article must be related with project that proposed. Example source of research paper can be believed for study about research are IEEExplore, Springer and ScienceDirect. Every article and journal need to compare each other for decide which one should be selected.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology is a systematic way that solve the research problem by applying technique, algorithm or method. It comprises theoretical analysis of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Methodology also define as principles, rules or procedure that t hat use for developing a project or system. According to the project, methodology that shows in this chapter are flowchart and framework. In order to overcome problem stated in 1.2, this methodology builds referring to the three
These flowchart plays a vital role in solving a problem that relate with programming. It is quite helpful in understanding a complicated problem that appear by solving this problem wisely. Besides, box represent as a operation of process, circle represent as a connector or joining of two parts of program and arrow represent as a flow line.
Once users cannot pass in authentication, users cannot access the Internet although user try hundreds of times to enter browser or access the Internet. When users enter a correct username and password, they are easy eas y to access the Internet. Next, administrator have to monitor network usage of users. Administrator able to enter total of bandwidth and time consume by users for limiting or maximize usage of network in configuration of pfSense. pfSense will be recorded IP address or mac address of each computer that access the network.
3.3 Framework
This part will be discussed and focused on simulation of framework. Simulation is imitation of operation that applied as real world process or system s ystem over a
Figure 3.2 Framework
3.4 Algorithm
Figure 3.3 shows proposed algorithm that apply into captive portal is One Time Password algorithm.
Password usually for secure need consist of 8 characters with at least one digit, one capital letter and one small letter. Advantage of One Time Password is not vulnerable to replay attack. This means intruder who want to attack the system does not easy enter that system because intruder need to break the password first.
3.5 Captive Portal
Captive portal is a technique that that imposes user’s authentication by presenting their credential before gaining access to the network (Surasak Sanguanpong and Kasom Koht-Arsa, 2013). Moreover, it is allow users to redirection through page login and then, they will get access the network. When user enter web page of browser is automatically redirected to login page on an authentication web server. According
3.6 pfSense
pfSense is a open source computer software and customized distribution of FreeBSD which configure computer into DHCP Server. pfSense need to download and install in virtual box. After successful install in virtual box, administrator must configure and upgrade pfSense first in web-based interface. Besides, pfSense setup should have two network interface card in order to run system. pfSense use single XML file to store configuration all services available in pfSense software or machine. It is allow pfSense to be easily back up. Furthermore, pfSense services is written in PHP which make easy to extend current code base.
3.7 Summary
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
6.1 Introduction
This chapter can be concluded the overall contribution of project Network Monitoring using Captive Portal in pfSense. The conclusion of the project is discuss about the conclusion of the simulation that gives benefit to the administrator and users. Project limitation will be stated all the difficulties that have been faced throughout process of development. Recommendation should be discussed in giving suggestion in the future project.
6.3 Recommendation
This simulation will be better if all requirement for this project can be fulfilled. So this project of simulation can widely used by everyone especially administrator to monitor network performance in easy way.
6.4 Summary
As a conclusion, this project proposal will help any organization or company administrator in easily monitor of network performance. Regarding to the project, it will make reducing the cost or budget in any organization. This project can be
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Jorge L. Olenewa. 2012. Guide to Wireless Communication Third Edition. Edition . pp. 18-56.
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Stanislaw Lota and Marcin Markowski. 2015. Performance analysis of virtual computer network based on Cisco cloud services router 1000v in a private cloud environment. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 117-132.
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B. Soewito and Hirzi. 2014. Building secure wireless access point based on certificate authentication and firewall Captive Portal. EPJ Portal. EPJ Web of Conferences
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APPENDIX
Gantt Chart (FYP1) Week Activity
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Project briefing by KPP Discussion and selection of proposal topic Project title registration Detailed about background project, problem statement, objectives, scope, limitation Detailed about Literature Review Presentation of proposal and presentation 1 Correction of proposal Framework discussion Configuration of pfSense Draft proposal submission Correction of proposal Discussion and preparation of project presentation Conference of project presentation Final submission report
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