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Copyright © 2012 NARI Technology Development Development Co., LTD., CHINA. All rights reserved. The document is printed in China.
These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, nor to provide for every possible contingency to be met during installation, operation, and maintenance. If further information is desired or if particular problems arise that are not covered sufficiently for the purchase’s purpose, the matter should be referred to NARI Technology Development Co., LTD. (NARI TECH), CHINA. This document contains proprietary information of NARI TECH and is furnished to its customer solely to assist that customer in the installation, testing, operation, and/or maintenance maintenance of the equipment described. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part nor shall its contents be disclosed to any third party without the written approval of NARI TECH.
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Safety Symbol Legend
Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not strictly observed, could result in personal injury or death. This equipment contains a potential hazard of electric shock or burn. Only personnel who are adequately trained and thoroughly familiar with the equipment and the instructions should install, operate, or maintain this equipment. Isolation of test equipment from the equipment under test presents potential electrical hazards. If the test equipment cannot be grounded to the equipment under test, the test equipment’s case must be shielded to prevent contact by personnel. To minimize hazard of electrical shock or burn, approved grounding practices and procedures must be strictly followed. To prevent personal injury or equipment damage caused by equipment malfunction, only adequately trained personnel should modify any programmable machine.
Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of equipment.
Note
Indicates an essential or important procedure, condition, or statement . statement .
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Contents Chapter 1 Equipment Overview ................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 System Overview ............................................................................................................................... 7 Hardware Overview.......................................................................................................................... 10 Software Overview ........................................................................................................................... 11 Technical Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 12 How to Get Help ............................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2 Functional Description ............................................................................................................. 15 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Exciter Hardware .............................................................................................................................. 16 Exciter Configurations...................................................................................................................... 17 Power Conversion Cabinet ............................................................................................................... 18 Manual Ac/Dc Disconnect (Optional) ...................................................................................... 18 Power Conversion Module PCM .............................................................................................. 18 Bridge Rectifier ........................................................................................................................ 18 Snubber ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Gate Pulse Amplifier ................................................................................................................ 20 Intelligent Control Circuit ........................................................................................................ 20 Cooling Fan Assembly ............................................................................................................. 20 Auxiliary Cabinet ............................................................................................................................. 21 De-excitation Module ............................................................................................................... 21 Field Circuit Breaker FCB ........................................................................................................ 21 Discharge Resistor .................................................................................................................... 22 De-excitation SCR .................................................................................................................... 23 Freewheeling Diode De-excitation ........................................................................................... 23 Overvoltage Protection ............................................................................................................. 23 Field Flashing ........................................................................................................................... 24 Field Ground Detector .............................................................................................................. 24 Shaft Voltage Suppressor .......................................................................................................... 24 Control Cabinet NES5100 ................................................................................................................ 25 Power Supply System ............................................................................................................... 26 I/O System ................................................................................................................................ 27 Analog Variable Acquisition System ........................................................................................ 28 Calculation Control System ...................................................................................................... 29 Pulse System ......................... ............ ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .................... ....... 30 Exciter Software ............................................................................................................................... 32 Analog Measuring and A/D Converting ................................................................................... 33 Closed-loop Regulating ............................................................................................................ 34 Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR ........................................................................................... 34 Field Current Regulator FCR ................................................................................................... 35 Reactive Current Compensation RCC ...................................................................................... 35 Soft Field Flashing ................................................................................................................... 35 Automatic Tracking .................................................................................................................. 36 Over Excitation Limiter OEL ................................................................................................... 36 Under Excitation Limiter UEL ................................................................................................. 37 Power System Stabilizer PSS ................................................................................................... 37 Operator Interface NES_HMI .......................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview ............................................................................................. 39 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Hardware Configuration ................................................................................................................... 40 Power Supply System ....................................................................................................................... 41 Page 4
EXB101 Pulse Power Supply Board ........................................................................................ 41 EXB102 System Power Supply Board ..................................................................................... 42 Control System and EXB103 CPU Board ........................................................................................ 43 Basic Feature ............................................................................................................................ 43 A/D Converter .......................................................................................................................... 43 Control Chip ............................................................................................................................. 43 Pulse Switch ............................................................................................................................. 44 CAN Hardware Design ............................................................................................................. 44 Function Setting........................................................................................................................ 45 Analog Variable Sampling System ................................................................................................... 46 EXB104 Analog Board ............................................................................................................. 46 EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board .................................................................................... 47 I/O System ........................................................................................................................................ 48 EXB106 Digital Board ............................................................................................................. 48 EXB107 Extended Digital Board ............................................................................................. 48 Pulse System..................................................................................................................................... 49 EXB108 Pulse Amplifier Board ............................................................................................... 49 Chapter 4 Equipment Connection and Terminal Block I/O ...................................................................... 51 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Equipment Connection ............................................................................................................. 53 Terminal Block I/O ................................................................................................................... 53 PT Input Terminal X101 ........................................................................................................... 55 CT Input Terminal X102 .......................................................................................................... 55 Digital Input Terminal X103 .................................................................................................... 55 Power Terminal X104 ............................................................................................................... 56 Communication Terminal X111................................................................................................ 56 Digital Output Terminal X113 .................................................................................................. 56 De-excitation Terminal ............................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 5 Human-Machine Interface ....................................................................................................... 58 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 58 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 59 Installation of NES_HMI ................................................................................................................. 60 System Requirements ............................................................................................................... 60 Install Software ......................................................................................................................... 60 Configurations for Communication .......................................................................................... 62 Displaying Signals ............................................................................................................................ 65 System Topology ...................................................................................................................... 65 Menu Overview ........................................................................................................................ 65 Reading the Display ................................................................................................................. 66 Fault Logger Display ........................................................................................................................ 68 Setting Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 69 Setting UEL/OEL Curve .................................................................................................................. 71 Test Wave Recording ........................................................................................................................ 73 Recording Test Wave ................................................................................................................ 73 Analyzing Waves Automatically .............................................................................................. 74 Sampling Oscillograph ..................................................................................................................... 75 Step Test ........................................................................................................................................... 76 System Parameter Configuration ...................................................................................................... 77 Comparing Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 78 Changing Control Mode ................................................................................................................... 79 Appendix A Ratings and Specifications ................................................................................................... 80 Appendix B Writers .................................................................................................................................. 83
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Chapter 1 Equipment Overview
Introduction The NES5100 Excitation System (or NES5100 exciter) produces the field excitation current to control generator ac terminal voltage and/or the reactive volt-amperes. It is a full Static Excitation System designed for generators on both new and retrofit steam, gas, and hydro turbines. This chapter introduces the exciter ，the purpose of which is to present a general product overview.
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System Overview The exciter is a flexible modular system that can be assembled to provide a range of available output current and several levels of system redundancy . These options include power from a potential, compound, or auxiliary source. The single or multiple bridges, warm backup bridges, and simplex or redundant controls are available. An overview of the static excitation system is shown in Figure 1-1. The power for the exciter is drawn from a power potential transformer (PPT) connected to the generator terminals, or from an excitation transformer connected to an auxiliary bus. The generator line current and stator output voltage are the primary feedbacks to the exciter, and dc voltage and current are the controlled outputs to the exciter field. The NES5100 exciter supports Ethernet, RS232/RS485, CAN bus, and multiple communication protocols. Figure 1-2 is a simplified one line diagram of the exciter showing power source, generator current and voltage measurements, control module, power conversion module (PCM), and protection circuits. In the potential source system, the secondary of the PPT is connected to the input of a 3-phase full-wave inverting thyristor bridge. The inverting bridge provides both positive and negative forcing voltage for optimum performance. The negative forcing provides fast response for load rejection and d e-excitation. The excitation control results from phase controlling the output of the SCR bridge circuit. The SCR firing signals are generated by digital regulators in the controller. In the redundant control option (Figure 1-1), either A or B can be the active master controller. The dual independent firing circuits and automatic tracking are used to ensure a smooth transfer to the standby controller.
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Figure 1-1 Overview of Generator and Exciter System
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Figure 1-2 Exciter One Line Diagram
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Hardware Overview The NES5100 exciter’s hardware is contained in three kinds of cabinets as follows: Control Cabinet for the control, communication, and I/O Auxiliary Cabinet for field flashing and protection circuits such as de-excitation and shaft voltage suppression Power Conversion cabinet for power SCR cells, cooling fans, ac/dc disconnects The exciter power converter consists of bridge rectifier, RC filter configuration, and control circuitry. An outside view of exciter cabinets is shown in Figure 1-3. The components and bridge size vary for different excitation systems and for the power output required.
Figure 1-3 NES5100 Exciter Cabinets
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Software Overview The software composition includes three aspects: embedded Operating System, Operator Interface, and Excitation Application Software. They are combined to create the required system functionality. The NES5100 exciter’s definition and configuration parameters are stored in flash memory, while variables are stored in random-access memory (RAM). The Excitation Application Software consists of two parts, namely Main Flow and Controlling & Regulating Program. The Main Flow located in the main task area could complete the initialization of Excitation Application Software and the judgment of set states; the Controlling & Regulating Program with 3.3ms interruption could complete all excitation controlling and regulating functions, and ensures the quick and precision control and adjustment. The control selects one of two modes, either generator voltage regulation (Auto Regulation), or direct control (voltage, current, fixed firing angel, or power factor, depending upon the application). Generator protection functions are integrated in the controlling program, including over/under-excitation limiter, V/Hz limiter, and power system stabilizer (PSS). The Operator Interface running on a touch-screen iPC has intuitive show about excitation system, emulating traditional analog controls and including blocks like Control Cabinet ，Power Conversion Cabinet ，Auxiliary Cabinet, PPT, and etc. The blocks can be operated while the exciter is running. The dynamically varied I/O values of each block can be observed in real time, which is valuable during system startup or troubleshooting.
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Technical Characteristics
Summary characteristics for the exciter are as follows: for further details refer to Appendix. Unit Specific ratings are provided on equipment nameplate and supercede all information herein.
NES5100 Specification
Description
Power Conversion Module (PCM) Single bridge rating Parallel bridge rating
250~4,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac 8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac, with up to 6 bridges 200% of design Amperes (EDA) for 20 s at 40 ºC
Forcing requirements Power Sources Power for the PCM - Voltage source
Auxiliary bus Generator terminals Compound Source 3,500 KVA (300MW version) 3-phase 50/60 Hz 10 A rms, 380 V ac single source Battery source 110~250 V dc, with up to 40 A for at least 10s 220/380 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source Two ac sources and two dc sources 110/220 V ac and 110/220 V dc
Power for the PCM -VA (power) Power for the PCM - Frequency Power to the Cooling Fans (3) Flashing power
Control power
Input/output Potential transformers (PTs)
QTY 2
Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A)
2
Digital inputs Digital outputs
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Cabinet Dimensions & Weight Redundant control with dual PCM Redundant converter in a three-cabinet lineup Weight of Converter cabinet
3-phase standard, single-phase available 100 V ac nominal, 1 VA nominal burden Any two phases, single phase is available 1 VA nominal burden Customer contact, 24 V dc supplied by ECTB At 24 V dc with relay break characteristics
Width 6600 mm Height 2360/2260 mm Depth 1200 mm ≤ 2,400 kg Page 12
Weight of Total Lineup (Converter, Control, and Auxiliary cabinets) Cabinet type, control & auxiliary Cabinet type, power conversion Power and Control Cable Access
≤ 4,200 kg NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled Entrances from the top and/or bottom
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How to Get Help If help is needed beyond the instructions provided in the system documentation, contact NARI TECH as follows: NARI Technology Development Co., LTD 20 Gaoxinlu, High Tech Zone, Nanjing, 210061, China Phone: + 86 800-8289-822 Fax:
+ 86 25 58844337
Email：
[email protected]
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Chapter 2 Functional Description
Introduction This chapter describes the function of the NES5100 exciter and the individual control and protection circuits. The power supplies and the distribution of power are also covered.
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Exciter Hardware The NES5100 exciter consists of the following basic components.
Power Potential Transformer PPT (mounted separate from exciter) Power Conversion Module PCM and cooling fans Controllers and I/O terminal Field flashing Field Circuit Breaker FCB Over voltage protection Control power supplies Operator Interface
Optional components that can be added to the exciter are:
Auxiliary power source (bus-fed) Crowbar module Dc disconnect Ac disconnect Shaft voltage suppressor Field ground detector Ac 3-phase RC filter
The control hardware is basically the same as the different types of excitation. The power conversion hardware is defined by application requirements, which therefore determines the exciter bridge size.
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Exciter Configurations The NES5100 exciter can be supplied with single or redundant control and with single or redundant bridges, depending on current requirement. An example of NES5100 exciter configuration is shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 NES5100 Exciter Configuration
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Power Conversion Cabinet The typed FLZ Power Conversion cabinet contains PCM, Gate Pulse Amplifier, and manual ac/dc disconnect (optional). Three-phase power for the PCM comes from a PPT external to the exciter. The ac supply goes into Power Conversion cabinet through ac circuit breaker (if supplied).
Manual Ac/Dc Disconnect (Optional) The manual ac disconnect switch serves a s a disconnect device between the secondary of the power potential transformer and the rec tifier bridge. It is a 3-phase, non-automatic, panel-mounted switch, which is manually operated for isolating the ac input supply. It is a no-load disconnect device. The manual dc disconnect switch provides a disconnect device between the generator field and the rectifier bridge. It is a 2-pole, non-automatic, panel-mounted switch, which is manually operated for isolating the dc output way. It is a no-load disconnect device.
Power Conversion Module PCM The exciter PCM includes the bridge rectifiers, dc leg fuses, and thyristor protection circuitry (for example, snubbers, filters, and fuses). The components vary for different bridge ratings based on the power output required.
Bridge Rectifier Each bridge rectifier is a 3-phase full-wave thyristor bridge. The bridge has six SCRs (thyristors) controlled by Gate Pulse Amplifier as shown in Figure 2-2. Heat is dissipated through large aluminum cooling fins and forced air flow from fans.
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Figure 2-2 Power Bridge
Snubber The snubbers are a RC circuit, either from the anode to the cathode of each SCR, or composing a 3-phase full-wave bridge paralleled with 3-phase full-wave thyristor bridge. The snubbers perform the following functions to protect the SCRs.
Limit the rate of change of current through the SCRs and pr ovide a current dump to aid in starting conduction.
Limit the rate of change in voltage across the cell and, during cell commutation, limit the reverse voltage that occurs across the cell.
Three-phase input power is fed to the bridge from the secondary of the PPT, either directly or through an ac disconnect. With inverting bridge designs, the bridge is capable of negative forcing voltage, which provides fast response for load rejection and de-excitation. The dc current output of the bridge is fed through a shunt, and on some designs Page 19
a contactor to the generator field. T he bridge design utilizes dc leg fuses to protect the SCRs from over-current.
Gate Pulse Amplifier The gate pulse amplifier interfaces the control to the power bridge. The gate pulse amplifier takes the gate commands from the EXB108 board in Control cabinet, and generates the gate firing pulses for six SCRs (Silicon Controlled Rectifiers).
Intelligent Control Circuit In the exciter, the intelligent control circuit is used for current conduction feedback, bridge airflow, temperature monitoring, and for cooling fans control as well. A RT (Resistance Temperature) is used to monitor the temperature. The cooling fans control is activated by a combination of bridge current, temperature, and airflow pressure.
Cooling Fan Assembly The SCR bridge assembly is cooled with forced air. Basically two overhead or under head fans are used, depending on the bridge current and temperature. The fans are powered by 3-phase 380 V ac from station supply.
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Auxiliary Cabinet Basically, there are three kinds of auxiliary cabinet:
Typed FLR cabinet is mainly equipped with discharge resistor
Typed FLK cabinet is mainly equipped with field circuit breaker (FCB)
Typed FLM cabinet is mainly equipped with both discharge resistor and FCB. Normally FLM is not used in the large scale static generator.
The auxiliary cabinet is located next to the power conversion cabinet and contains modules to protect generator and to provide startup dc power. The modules for de-excitation, overvoltage protection, field flashing, field ground detector and shaft voltage suppression are mounted in this kind of cabinet.
De-excitation Module During any shutdown, the energy stored in the generator field must be dissipated. In a normal shutdown, a stop is initiated by an operator. The bridge is fired at retard limit and sufficient time is allowed for the field to decay before FCB is opened. During an abort stop (trip), FCB is opened immediately. The stored field energy must be dissipated through some other means.
Field Circuit Breaker FCB The FCB located in the generator field circuit provides a breakpoint between bridge and generator field. The FCB is normally actuated by an upper-controller or excitation controller. The auxiliary contacts from FCB are routed back as feedback signals. Figure 2-3 shows options of three types of FCB.
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Figure 2-3 Three Types of Field Circuit Breaker FCB
Discharge Resistor NES5100 exciter could be equipped with linear resistor or ZnO/SiC nonlinear resistor as discharge resistor so as to meet the requirements from different generators and customers. The generator with strong damping is usually equipped with linear resistor for de-excitation; however nonlinear resistor is used in generator with weak damping. The ZnO nonlinear resistor has much better nonlinearity compared with SiC, and been widely applied in the projects. Nonlinear resistor is also used in overvoltage protection circuit. Figure 2-4 shows some types of discharge resistor.
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Figure 2-4 Types of Discharge Resistor
De-excitation SCR For customers requiring a rapid de-excitation, a de-excitation SCR is provided. This SCR is fired to provide a conduction path through the field discharge resistor (or inductor) for the field current to flow and dissipate the field energy. The de-excitation SCR is usually activated by auxiliary contacts representing the status of the de-excitation breaker.
Freewheeling Diode De-excitation For de-excitation, the dissipation of the field current after dc contactor opens can be done with a freewheeling diode. This diode is connected from the generator field negative lead (anode) to the positive lead (cathode). The reverse voltage causes current to flow through the diode, and the discharge resistor causes the current decay.
Overvoltage Protection For overvoltage protection，a SCR is fired when its anode to gate voltage exceeds a breakdown voltage of BOD which connected between the anode and gate. De-excitation modules and overvoltage protection module can be connected across dc output of exciter.
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Field Flashing The field flashing module is provided on generator terminal fed excitation systems. It supplies initial exciter current and builds generator voltage, supplying approximately 10% - 15% of no-load field current from the station batteries during the startup sequence. If large machines require ac field flashing, the ac power is supplied through an isolation transformer. Both designs require customer supplied power.
Field Ground Detector The generator field winding is electrically isolated from ground. The existence of one ground usually does not damage the rotor. However, the presence of two or more grounds in the field winding path causes magnetic and thermal imbalances and localized heating, which may damage the rotor forging or other metallic parts. The function of the field ground detector is to detect a ground path from any exciter component connected to and including the main field windings.
Shaft Voltage Suppressor The excitation systems, which produce a dc voltage from ac through a solid state rectification process, produce ripple and spike voltages at the exciter output. Due to their rapid rise and decay times, these voltages are capacitively coupled from the field winding to the rotor body. This creates a voltage on the shaft relative to ground. Shaft voltage, if not effectively controlled, can be damaging to both journals and bearings. The shaft voltage suppressor is a filter that conducts the high frequency components of the induced voltages to ground.
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Control Cabinet NES5100 The control cabinet, also typed NES5100 regulator, contains touch-screen iPC, I/O terminal, power supplies and two regulators named A and B (either A or B can be the active master control). Figure 2-5 shows 8 PCB boards arrangement of simplex NES5100 regulator. They communicate and connect with each other through backplane (Figure 2-6). Heat of boards is dissipated through aluminum cooling fins.
EXB101 P u l s e P o w e r S u p p l y B o a r d
EXB102 S y s t e m P o w e r S u p p l y B o a r d
EXB103
C P U B o a r d
EXB104
A n a l o g B o a r d
EXB105 S y n c h r o n i z i n g V o l t a g e B o a r d
EXB106
EXB107
EXB108
D i g i t a l B o a r d
E x t e n d e d D i g i t a l B o a r d
P u l s e A m p l i f i e r B o a r d
Figure 2-5 Boards Arrangement of Simplex NES5100 Regulator
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Figure 2-6 Backplane of Simplex NES5100 Regulator
NES5100 regulator contains functional systems as follo ws:
Power supply system
I/O terminal system
Analog variable acquisition system
Calculation control system
Pulse system
Power Supply System Generally, NES5100 control cabinet has two ways of ac power supply and one way of dc power supply. Ac power supply passes through isolation transformer, and dc po wer supply passes directly into EXB101 board. Power supply input for EXB102 board is adapted from EXB101 (AC/DC). Specifications of the input power supply for boards: AC220V/DC220V、AC110V/DC110V. The isolation transformer types: AC 220/ AC 190, AC 220/ AC 100 Output Voltage: Page 26
EXB101:
24V pulse power
EXB102:
+12V:0.5A
-12V:0.5A 5V (I):4A 24V (digital input):0.6A 24V (digital output):0.6A 5V (II):0.1A
Figure 2-7 Schemes of Power Supply System
I/O System NES5100 control cabinet could communicate and connect within the excitation system and with other devices (such as DCS or upper controller) through I/O system. The main functions of I/O system are as follows: The commands and status are transmitted into microprocessor-based control system in the form of digital variable through I/O system, then calculation and control results are transmitted into relevant devices in the same form. Page 27
Figure 2-8 Scheme of I/O System
Analog Variable Variable Acquisition Acquisition System System Analog variable acquisition is an important part of closed-loop control and calculation in excitation system. Acquisition data: UF1(A,B,C), UF2(dc), IF(A,B,C), IL(A,B,C) , UT(A,B,C), S(A,B,C), -12V, +12V, 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V, temperature of board EXB101 /EXB102
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Figure 2-9 Scheme of Analog An alog Variable Variable Acquisition System
Calculation Control System Calculation control system is the core of NES5100 regulator; the main functions include calculation, communication, control and detection. Calculation: Calculate the amplitude and measure the frequency o f analog variables. Communication: 1. Dual CAN 2. RS232/RS485 protocol 3. GPS time tick 5. Ethernet (site monitoring co mmunication)
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Figure 2-10 Scheme of Calculation Control System
Pulse System System The function of pulse system is to ensure the correctness of the pulse and the stability of the excitation system.
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Figure 2-11 Scheme of Pulse System
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Exciter Software The excitation application program consists of two parts, named main flow and control program. Figure 2-12 shows the main flow diagram which is located in the main task, operates once every about 160ms, and could complete the initialization to excitation application program and the judgment of set states. Figure 2-13 shows an overview of the exciter control program with main control functions. The control program is located in 3.3ms interruption, could complete all excitation regulating and control functions, and ensures the quick and accurate control and regulating.
Start
Yes
Idle?
Idle Initializ ation
Status Checking
Yes
Waiting Initialization
Status Checking
Yes
Excitation Starting Initialization
Status Checking
No
Waiting？
No
Excitation Start?
No
Excitation Stop?
Yes
Status Checking
No
Status Checking
End
Figure 2-12 Block Diagram of State Test
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In main flow, the set states are classified into idle, waiting, startup and shutdown. The state test module completes the judging of set state and the converting among states. Generally, the state conversions include converting idle into waiting, waiting into startup in case it is judged under waiting state that the conditions for startup are satisfied, startup into shutdown in case it is judged under startup that the conditions for shutdown are satisfied, and shutdown into idle after time delay. The startup condition and shutdown condition may be completed through logic configuration according to different requirements of each generator.
Figure 2-13 Schematic Diagram of NES5100 AVR Control Program
The output of control program is the firing command. The firing signal is sent to the bridge to generate the field current. The individual function blocks are discussed in the later section.
Analog Measuring and A/D Converting The exciter will measure analog quantities such as stator voltage/current Page 33
Uga, Ugb, Ugc, Iga, Igb, Igc, field current I fa, Ifb, Ifc (anodic current of rectifier bridge), and synchronous voltage Usyna, Usynb and Usync. The exciter will calculate stator voltage/current, synchronous voltage, active/reactive power, power factor and field current. Through analog board and synchronous voltage board, regulator separates voltage (100V) and current (5A) signals, converts them into ±10V voltage signals, transmits the signals to A/D converter on CPU board, and then converts analog signals into digital signals.
Closed-loop Regulating The aim of excitation regulator is to guarantee the regulated quantity tracking corresponding setpoint in real-time.
Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR The AVR maintains the generator terminal voltage. The setpoint (reference) is generally adjusted by excitation raise and lower commands (remote/local). The feedback is the generator voltage. The error between setpoint (reference) and feedback is an input to a proportional plus integral differential (PID) regulator with limit protection, which produces an output signal. Figure 2-14 shows the diagram of AVR PID regulation.
Figure2-14 Diagram of AVR PID Regulation
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Field Current Regulator FCR The FCR uses the generator field current as the feedback input. The aim of FCR is to maintain the generator field current. The current setpoint (reference) is generally adjusted by excitation raise and lower commands (remote/local). The FCR is mainly used in excitation experiment or AVR fault for an example, PT disconnected. Figure 2-15 shows the diagram of FCR PID regulation.
Figure2-15 Diagram of FCR PID Regulation
Reactive Current Compensation RCC The RCC is an important parameter for the reactive power of generator, and is especially important for running multiple generators in enlarged unit connection. The RCC has two functions. On the one hand, RCC is to determine the proportional distribution of reactive power generation in steady state of common bus machine set; and on the other hand, the RCC is to determine the proportional distribution of reactive power generation increment of generator set in case of system voltage fluctuation.
Soft Field Flashing The soft field flashing will prevent overshoot to terminal voltage during excitation flashing. After receiving the startup command, the exciter will start field flashing and step-up immediately. When the terminal voltage is over 10% rated value, regulator will gradually increase the given value at an adjustable speed to make the generator voltage rise to Page 35
the set value.
Automatic Tracking The automatic tracking function ensures the steady switching over from the mode of automatic voltage regulating (AVR) to the mode of field current regulating (FCR), and from channel A to channel B. The switching over will possibly be automatic or manual. The later is caused by failures (for example, PT failure). The automatic tracking will indicate the tracking between two independent automatic channels, and the difference of signals between the master and standby channels. The logic diagram of dual-channel switching over is shown in Figure 2-16:
Figure 2-16 Logic Diagram of Dual-channel Switch Over
Over Excitation Limiter OEL The over-excitation to generator reflects the changes in each electric parameter, and mainly embodies high exciting current, reactive power overload and stator over current. To ensure the safe running of generator, NES5100 exciter contains over-current overheating limit, reactive power over-excitation limit, instantaneous force excitation limit and V/Hz limit, to aim at the major electric quantities reflecting over excitation. Page 36
Under Excitation Limiter UEL The UEL is an auxiliary control to limit the automatic voltage regulator demand for underexcited reactive current (or reactive power). The UEL prevents reduction of the generator excitation to a level where the small-signal (steady state) stability limit or the stator core end-region heating limit is exceeded. Performance is specified by identifying the region of limiter action on the generator capability curve. There is both a setpoint section and regulator section of the UEL. The two key inputs are generator terminal voltage and real power.
Power System Stabilizer PSS The PSS provides an additional input to the automatic regulator to improve power system dynamic performance. A number of different quantities may be used as inputs to the PSS, such as shaft speed, frequency, synchronous machine electrical power, accelerating power, or some combination of the above. The PSS used with the exciter is multi-input using a combination of synchronous machine electrical power and internal frequency (which approximates rotor speed) to arrive at a signal proportional to rotor speed. This comes from the integral of accelerating power, but with shaft torsional signals greatly attenuated. The frequency input signal is derived from calculation in control program; the electrical power input signal is derived from generator terminal quantity without the need for transducers. No additional external hardware is required.
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Operator Interface NES_HMI The NES5100 exciter is equipped with NES_HMI (NARI Excitation System Human Machine Interface) software as a communication tool. This software consists of intelligent monitoring software and communication middleware OPC Server. NES_HMI is composed of the following modules:
System topology view
Fault log
Parameter setting
Over/under-excitation curve
Test waveform recording
Sampling oscillograph
Step test
Parameter comparison
Communication variable configuration
NES_HMI can meet the demands of running, monitoring, controlling and debugging to excitation system.
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Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview
Introduction This chapter describes the NES5100 exciter’s printed wiring boards and their operations. These boards fall into five functional groups: Power Supply System, Analog Variable System, Control System, I/O System, and Pulse System. In order to ensure the reliability of the excitation system, these boards are designed and manufactured by NARI TECH according to military standard. In addition, NARI TECH takes into consideration about the preventions from electromagnetic interference, dust and heat radiation.
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Hardware Configuration There are eight boards for simplex NES5100 regulator. Figure 3-1 shows a sketch map, and table 3-1 shows the board names.
Figure 3-1 Sketch Map of Boards of Simplex NES5100 Regulator
Table 3-1:
Board Names
Board No.
Board Name
EXB101
Pulse Power Supply Board
EXB102
System Power Supply Board
EXB103
CPU Board
EXB104
Analog Board
EXB105
Synchronizing Voltage Board
EXB106
Digital Board
EXB107
Extended Digital Board
EXB108
Pulse Amplifier Board
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Power Supply System Generally, NES5100 exciter is fed by two AC power and one DC power supplies. AC power goes into EXB101 through an isolation transformer, and DC power goes directly into EXB101. The EXB102’s input power is adapted from EXB101 (AC/DC). Figure 3-2 shows the power supply system diagram.
Figure 3-2 Power Supply System
EXB101 Pulse Power Supply Board The EXB101 pulse power supply board is used to supply +24V/72W power for EXB108. The block diagram and view are shown in Figure 3-3.
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Figure 3-3 EXB101 Block Diagram and Outlook View
EXB102 System Power Supply Board This board is of dual power supply inputs: AC220V, DC220V (or DC110V), Its outputs are as follows:
+12V: 0.5A -12V: 0.5 A 5V (I): 4A 5V (II): 0.1A 24V (digital input): 0.6 A 24V (digital output): 0.6 A The block diagram and view are shown in Figure 3-4 ：
Figure 3-4 EXB102 Block Diagram and Outlook View
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Control System and EXB103 CPU Board The control system is the core of NES5100 exciter, and EXB103 CPU board is the central control board. The main functions include calculation, communication, control and detection.
Basic Feature
Send the analog signal from the Analog Board to A/D converter
for sampling.
Compute and produce small pulse according to the results of A/D
sampling and input digital signal.
Send output signals which depend on logic program to Digital
Board.
Measure frequency and detect pulse read-back.
Realize switching over between channel A and channel B, and
between manual mode and automatic mode.
Communication functions: the communication mode includes
Dual-CAN, 485, 232, GPS, and Ethernet.
A/D Converter It converts analog signal regulated by EXB104 and EXB105 into digital
signal.
The
Automatic
channel
uses
16-bit
bi-polar
multi-channel A/D converter which features as low power consumption (160mw). The AD7656 A/D converter contains a low-noise wideband track, holds amplifier so as to process signals with input frequency as high as 8 MHz, and has high-speed parallel/serial interfaces, allowing connection between the A/D converter and microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP). Working with MAX309 multi-way switch, this A/D converter realizes synchronizing
sampling
to
one-way
three-phase
voltage
and
three-phase current, which ensures accurate measurement of reactive power. Manual channel is equipped with 12-bit A/D converter (ADC) DSP which samples the field current.
Control Chip The automatic channel uses 32-bit ARM chip and large-scale Page 43
programmable control chip FPGA as the control core, which could control and compute according to A/D sampling results and input signals, send control pulse, output digital signal, measure frequency and detect pulse read-back. The 32-bit ARM chip has a powerful communication capability and supports communication protocol including Ethernet 10/100M Base-T and USB2.0. The manual channel uses 16-bit DSP as control chip which completes analog signal sampling and pulse producing.
Pulse Switch When NES5100 excitation regulator operates normally, automatic channel and manual channel will send control pulse according to calculation respectively, then judge whether the control pulse is from automatic channel or manual channel, and then send the control pulse to pulse amplification board. See Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-5 Block Diagram of Pulse Switch
CAN Hardware Design Dual-CANs are applied to communicate between channel A and channel B. The CAN controller uses independent CAN controller SJA1000 chip manufactured by Philips. The SJA1000 chip is a bus interface. Compared with ARM controller, the storage unit inside SJA100 chip is a data storage device outside the chip. The ARM controller uses GAL address decoder to select the correct location on SJA1000 chip by address bus，thus can decide the register address of CAN controller. By reading and writing external data memory, operator Page 44
can have an access to SJA1000 chip. The P82C250 by Philips is used as CAN transceiver. The PCA82C250 transceiver is the interface between CAN controller and physical bus. T he PCA82C250 transceiver makes bus a differential transmitter and CAN controller a differential receiver. The PCA82C250 transceiver makes it possible to control both CAN networks and reach transmission speed as high as 1Mb/s.
Figure 3-6 EXB103 Block Diagram and Outlook View
Function Setting If opening the front cover of EXB103 board, we can see a DB serial interface and four switches. The serial interface can be used to download program and parameters. The functions of the switches are as follows:
Internal/external on
Automatic/manual
Selection of serial interface
Operation/commissioning
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Analog Variable Sampling System Analog variable sampling is an important part for closed-loop control and calculation in excitation system.
EXB104 Analog Board EXB104 analog board performs signal conditioning. These signals include terminal voltage, system voltage, synchronizing voltage, stator current, rotor current. The signal conditioning is to isolate and convert the signals of high-peak voltage (100V)/ high-peak current (5A) into ± 10V
voltage signals and to transmit the signals to CPU board;
EXB104 also includes 4-channel 12-bit D/A outputs. As shown in Figure 3-7, UF1A-IN is a maximum 100V voltage signal. After conditioning by the circuit, it is converted into±10V voltage signal. Figure 3-8 shows the current signal conditioning circuit principle diagram. IFA-IN is a big current signal (Maximum 5A). After conditioning by the circuit, it is converted into±10V voltage signal.
-12V -12V
4
A
4
UF1A-IN
1
SPT1
3
2
A
2
1
Ufa
1
3
3 S1
2
4
8 8
12V 12V
Figure 3-7 Voltage Signal Conditioning Circuit Principle Diagram
Page 46
XUFA
-12V 4
IFA-IN
SCT4
2 1
XIFA
3 U1A 8
12V
Figure 3-8 Current Signal Conditioning Circuit Principle Diagram
EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board The main function of EXB105 Synchronizing Voltage Board is to convert synchronizing voltage (high voltage 100V) signal and then transmit it to CPU board. For different synchronizing frequency, selecting different jumpers and parameters of RC absorber is available.
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I/O System The function of I/O system is to communicate the excitation system with other devices.
EXB106 Digital Board There are 20-channels of optical isolated digital inputs and 16-channels of optical isolated relay contact digital outputs. The EXB106 has powerful display functions. The status of every digital can be indicated by lamp on the panel. Therefore, customer can observe status of digital board intuitively.
EXB107 Extended Digital Board It has the same hardware and functions as EX106 Digital Board.
I1-IN
3
24VI
B
4
GNDI
Figure 3-9 Digital Input Circuit Principle Diagram
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14 I1-in 13
Pulse System EXB108 Pulse Amplifier Board The EXB108’s main function is to amplify small pulses produced from EXB103 CPU Board and then output them, by sending small pulse to 6 CMOSs through optical isolation and level translation. The pulse switching relay primarily controls whether the pulse output. Normally closed contacts can ensure that pulse can still be output when operating power source is disconnected. The other function of EXB108 is to sample pulse and return it to CPU board to check if pulse has been lost. The EXB108 also has functions of power source detection and failure digital signal output. The function of power source detect can test +5V, ±12V and 24V power source. If power down or power failure is detected, this function will immediately output a failure digital signal and make a switch over to another channel so as to ensure reliability of the system.
Figure 3-10 EXB108 Block Diagram and Outlook View
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The human body must be discharged before an electronic board is touched. This can be simply done by touching a conductive earthed point immediately beforehand. Almost all boards have highly integrated devices. These devices are extremely sensitive to over-voltage and thus to electrostatic discharges. Boards shall only be stored or transported in electrostatic shielding packing materials
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Chapter 4 Equipment Connection and Terminal Block I/O
Introduction This chapter describes the customer’s equipment connections, and inputs and outputs (I/O) available through terminal blocks wiring.
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Overview The electrical connection inside NES5100 exciter is designed by manufacturer. After alignment, cables should be connected to terminals according to the drawings. The cable connection between exciter and other equipments include signal loop, control loop and power supply. While selecting cables and wires, attention should be paid to their length and how they are laid. Both the sensitivity of interference and voltage drops increase with cable length. Cable clamps for its strain relief are fitted at the top or bottom of the cabinets. The cable clamps also serve as EMC grounding of the cable shield.
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Equipment Connection Electrical connection inside NES5100 exciter is divided into primary circuit and secondary circuit. The primary circuit is connected by the bus bars. And the secondary circuit is connected by the cables. The cables are connected with heavy connectors. It is convenient to make the secondary circuit wired between the cabinets.
Terminal Block I/O The inputs and outputs (I/O) are wired through the terminal blocks which are generally located at the back of the cabinets. Figure 4-1 shows a typical location of the terminal blocks of the control cabinet.
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Figure 4-1 Location of Terminal Blocks of Control Cabinet
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PT Input Terminal X101 The terminal block X101 is for PT input. This terminal block is connected with the secondary side of the excitation P T and measure PT. The PTs are nominal of 3-phase/100V ac of secondary output.
CT Input Terminal X102 The X102 terminal block is for CT input. This terminal block is connected with the secondary side of the stator CT and rotor CT. The CTs are nominal 3-phase/1A or 5A of secondary output.
Digital Input Terminal X103 The X103 terminal block is for digital input. This terminal block is connected with the remote control and status signals. The requirements of the digital input are as follows:
Signal
Description
Requirement
Reference Value Higher
Pulse
300ms～500ms
Reference Value Lower
Pulse
300ms～500ms
Excitation On
Pulse
300ms～500ms
Excitation Off
Pulse
300ms～500ms
PSS On
Level
Keeping
ECR Running
Level
Keeping
Breaker Mark
Level
Keeping
95% Speed Mark
Level
Keeping
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Power Terminal X104 The X104 terminal block is for and connected with the power supply. The requirements of the power supply are as follows:
Usage
Voltage
Capability (MAX)
Power of Ch A
AC220V
400VA
Power of Ch B
AC220V
400VA
Power of Ch A&B
DC220V or DC110V
800W
Aux. Power
AC220V
1000VA
Aux. Power
AC220V
1000VA
Field Breaker Power 1
DC220V or DC110V
10A/2s
Field Breaker Power 2
DC220V or DC110V
10A/2s
Fan Power 1
AC380V
Depending on practice
Fan Power 2
AC380V
Depending on practice
Flash Power
DC220V or DC110V or AC380V
Depending on practice
Communication Terminal X111 The X111 terminal block is for communication. The external communication interfaces of excitation controller are available with Ethernet, RS232/RS485, CAN bus and multiple protocols as well.
Digital Output Terminal X113 The X113 terminal block is for digital output. This terminal block contains all kinds of alarm and fault signals. Each of the output has two independent dry contacts. The digital outputs are generally included as follows:
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Signal
Description
Requirement
Ch A Fault
Dry contact
Normally closed
Ch B Fault
Dry contact
Normally closed
FLZ Fault
Dry contact
Normally open
AVR Alarm
Dry contact
Normally open
PT Mark
Dry contact
Normally open
Flashing Failure
Dry contact
Normally open
OEL
Dry contact
Normally open
UEL
Dry contact
Normally open
Field Forcing Active
Dry contact
Normally open
V/F Limiter
Dry contact
Normally open
PSS is On
Dry contact
Normally open
AVR Mode
Dry contact
Normally open
PSS Active
Dry contact
Normally open
Ch A AC Lost
Dry contact
Normally closed
Ch B AC Lost
Dry contact
Normally closed
Ch A DC Lost
Dry contact
Normally closed
Ch B DC Lost
Dry contact
Normally closed
Rectifier Cabinet 1 Fault
Dry contact
Normally closed
……
Dry contact
Normally closed
Rectifier Cabinet n Fault
Dry contact
Normally closed
De-excitation Terminal Depending on the capacity of generator and configuration of the excitation system, NARI TECH provides two designs of the de-excitation: FLM cabinet, or FLK cabinet + FLR cabinet. For the above designs, the contacts are generally the same.
Signal
Description
Requirement
FCB On
Pulse
500ms～1000ms
FCB Off
Pulse
500ms～1000ms
FCB AUX. Contact
Dry contact
Over-Voltage
Dry contact
Normally open
Operating Power Lost
Dry contact
Normally closed
Field Voltage
Actual Value
Field Voltage
4-20mA
Field Current
4-20mA
Normally open & closed
DC220V or DC110V
Flash Power
or AC380V Page 57
Chapter 5 Human-Machine Interface
Introduction This chapter provides operating guidelines for the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) of NES5100 excitation system which is commonly called NES_HMI. Please read this manual carefully before starting work on the system. The NES_HMI software deals with the following operations
Display of signals and operating values.
Display and adjustment of parameters.
Changing of operating modes.
Display and record the waves of step test, examination, alarms, and real-time signals.
Changing of software applications.
Download and backup of parameters.
The changing of applications requires very thorough knowledge of the system and may only be carried out by trained personnel.
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Overview The NES_HMI software runs under the platform of Windows XP plus OPC Server program and can be mounted in a control console, an industrial PC, or a laptop. The NES_HMI communicates with the NES5100 system through the network switch in the AVR Cabinet. It runs independently and provides support to the local control of the excitation system with several functions such as maintenance and commissioning. NES_HMI is organized as follo ws:
System Topology
Parameter Display and Setting
Fault Logger Display
UEL/OEL Curve
Test Wave Recording
Sampling Oscilloscope
Step Test
Parameter Comparison
System Parameter Configuration.
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Installation of NES_HMI System Requirements The Minimum Requirements:
Processor: Pentium CPU 166MHZ
Memory: 64MB
Hard disk: 1.0GB
Screen: 16-bit true color VGA monitor，800×600 DPI
Operating system: WINDOWS 2000/ XP
The Suggested Requirements:
Processor: Pentium II CPU 300MHZ
Memory: 256MB
Hard disk:10 GB
Screen: 16-bit true color VGA monitor，800×600 DPI
Operating system: WINDOWS 2000/XP
Communications Hardware: network switch
Install Software
Run “Setup.exe” to start the NES_HMI installation, click “next” to continue.
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Read the clause and apply “agree” to go on.
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Specify the path to the created directory using Browse, then click “next” to finish installation.
Configurations for Communication Setting “config.ini”: Open “config.ini” in the “c:\opcconfig” directory, the following configurations are fundamental and may be carried out by trained personnel:
[startmode]－style: Exciter category, 1 for Static Excitation, 2 for
AC Excitation.
[user]－PowerStation: Name of the power plant.
[avrcount]－count: Number of NES5100 regulators, commonly 2
for the redundant control system.
[1]－ip: IP Address for Regulator A.
[2]－ip: IP Address for Regulator B.
[opcserver]-Serve: Name and location of OPC Server.
For example:\\10.144.85.170\nari.opcserver.1.
[steplimit]－limitpercent：Maximum value setting for step test ( in
percent).
[channelname]：Titles of the 24 sampling channels.
[curvename]：Titles of the 15 wave records.
[curvek]：The rated code value of analog signals in the wave Page 62
records.
[curvebase]：The rated value of analog signals in the wave records.
[curvevar]：The units of analog signals in the wave records.
[I/O]：I/O signals configuration in the wave records.
[lbtimediff]－diff ：Wave records interval, 0.0066s as default.
[lbtimediff]－multi：Modulus of time interval, 1 as default.
[autolb]－ lbkg: Wave record configuration, 1for automatic, 0 for
manual.
[autolb]－maxlbperday：Maximum wave records per day.
Start OPC server:
The OPC Server for NES_HMI needs registration before the first
running. Run “register.exe” in installation directory; enter the registration code in user’s manual to register.
Connecting iPC with NES5100 regulator using Ethernet, run
“opc.exe” to start OPC Server. If the connection is successfully made, OPC Server will automatically minimize to system tray.
Register OPC Server to local computer: Choose “OPC Server” in
the menu and click “register” to establish setting.
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Start NES_HMI from “Client.exe”: Start “Client.exe” from the installation directory or the shortcut on desktop.
Page 64
Displaying Signals System Topology The System Topology consists of typical elements and components of excitation control system, and shows animated graphics as the default display of the main interface. Some of the components are controllable as follows:
AVR Component
Stator Component,
Rotor Component
Power Conversion Cabinet Component
Menu Overview The NES_HMI has active channel description displaying in a diagram on the top of main interface. The system menu on the left column consists of the following units: Page 65
Monitor Unit
System Topology menu Topology display of the excitation system
Model View menu The software functions of the NES5100 system
Setting menu Working with parameters
Error Log menu Setting and reading of the fault logger
Exit menu Close the program. User name and password will be needed to confirm the operation
About menu Information upon the software version
Debugging Unit
Excitation Limit menu Set Under /Over Excitation Limiter (UEL/OEL) curves.
Curve View menu Record and observe test waves.
Oscillograph menu Use the real time sampling oscilloscope.
Step Setting menu Apply the step test.
Model Switch menu Change the excitation controlling modes.
Parameter Compare menu Compare parameters between channels
Tools
Parameter Creator menu Create and download parameter files
Reading the Display
Double-click a control component in System Topology to see
relevant information from a display graphic.
If an alarm, limitation or fault signal happens, the AVR component
flickers in red, yellow or purple with corresponding text prompts. The detailed I/O signals and information will be displayed in the AVR component graphic.
If PT fault happens, the PT component flickers in red with Page 66
corresponding text prompts. For example, double click “AVR”, there’s a display graphic shown as follows:
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Fault Logger Display Click “Err Log” in main menu. The date and time display of fault logger is to be interpreted as follows:
Notes: 1. Switch between “Types”, “A/B regulator” or “Time Range” to choose a log. 2. The fault logger shows the latest 1,000 records.
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Setting Parameters
Apply “Parameter Setting” menu in MONITOR UNIT to get
Parameter Display.
In Parameter Setting mode, most of the setting values of the
excitation system can be changed, e.g. sampling factors and settings of the voltage regulator. These settings may be carried out by the commissioning and maintenance personnel.
Select parameter group, double click the “Setting” column of the
setting parameter.
Change parameter value. It is available to select different display
formats and regulators.
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Confirm selection. Input user name and password to prompt
settings.
If a new value of parameter change is confirmed with ENTER, the
change acts immediately. However, it is only stored in the volatile memory of the NES5100 regulator. If a power supply failure happens, the new parameter is lost. In order to store it permanently, the “Write A/B” procedure must be carried out. Only the pilot regular in dual channel systems can be changed during operating.
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Setting UEL/OEL Curve Apply “Excitation Limit” menu in DEBUGGING UNIT to set UEL/OEL curve.
Select an option card: Over-excitation Curve or Under-excitation
Curve.
Click “Curve fitting”, enter five points and confirm the setting, the
fitting curve will be shown in graph.
In accordance with the commissioning and maintenance habits,
five-point fitting reactive and active par ameters are used in actual value, with the units of MVAR and MW.
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Select Channel A or B, apply “Write Flash” to download the
modification, only the pilot regular in dual channel systems can be changed during operating.
Use “A/B Read Back” button to get the read back curves.
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Test Wave Recording The Test Wave Records are substantial for the test on site, to record the changes of relevant parameters in excitation regulator. This step is manually operated by trained personnel. There is a data browsing paging window (named “Data View”) showing several important parameters of each regulator in graph.
Recording Test Wave
Select object A or B. In simplex control system, only channel A
displays.
Select “Data View” paging and make sure the selected channel in
recording, if not, apply “recover record” and wait for a few seconds till the wave buffer is full filled.
Apply “Stop Record”, the wave recorder switches to the wave
view paging automatically.
Use “Send Data” to upload wave data of the latest 20 seconds. Page 73
Click “View Curve” and select the curves.
Take the “Save File” procedure to save as graphic file or ASCII
file.
Use “Read File” function to show a saved wave record.
Note: The names of the signals in wave recorder are defined in text “..\config.ini”.
Analyzing Waves Automatically
Select a wave record.
Set up start point and end point in the graph by moving the cursor
or inputting numbers.
Apply automatic analysis. Several analyzed results of the wave
will be shown in graph.
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Sampling Oscillograph The sampling oscillograph provides real time data acquisition and graphical display of the 24 excitation regulator sampling channels. The data refreshes per 100ms. It’s available to show multi channels at the same time, thus facilitates the fault diagnosis.
Select Oscillograph in the debugging unit to start.
See the default graphic displaying the real scale of a
signal.
Zoom in to show a regional graphic.
Use the cursor to see the numerical value of a selected
point.
Start the display.
Pause the display.
Note: The names of the signals in sampling oscillograph are defined in text “..\config.ini”.
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Step Test Start the Step Test module from “Step testing” menu in debugging unit.
Step test procedure:
Confirm the working channel is in wave recording mode; if not, click “Recover Record” to restart.
Select the Step Parameter, up step or down step.
Enter the step amount in percent; the maximum value is defined in “config.ini”.
Apply Start Step to start step test, the test stops after 20 seconds or stops immediately when “End Step” applied.
Click “End Record” to save the latest 20 seconds’ data. Upload data and view select curves.
Take the “Save File” procedure to save as graphic file or ASCII file.
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System Parameter Configuration Create the download files
Apply the Parameter Creator fr om TOOLS menu.
Enter the local parameters of the excitation system.
Click “Save” and “Create Parameter” to confirm configuration.
Use “Save” function in Create Parameter File paging to save the
current data in the database of local computer.
Apply “Create Downloading File” and “Create Head File”
procedure; the created files are automatically saved in directory c:\opcconfig.
Use the “Read” menu to upload the saved data. If selected,
Parameter Conversion Tool window pops up automatically and “Create Parameter” may proceed to generate or refresh initial code value of all the parameters. Caution:
The system parameters configuration may be carried on by NARI
TECH’s engineering staff, or by commissioning and maintenance personnel under professional guidance.
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Comparing Parameters The parameters comparing module operates in dual channel systems to avoid different settings between channels. The initial values and definitions of parameters are essential for the normal excitation operation. In simplex control system, the procedure compares the channel A settings with local data of NES_HMI. Compare Parameters:
Select Parameter Compare menu in Debugging unit.
Click “Flash ReadBack” to upload the parameters.
Apply “Compare” to operate parameter comparison.
If the comparison result is inconsistent, the Comparing Result table displays in red with corresponding text.
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Changing Control Mode The excitation regulator runs in the following controlling modes:
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Manual Reference (MANUAL REF)
Field Current Regulator (FCR)
Power Factor Regulator
Reactive Power Regulator
Changing Controlling Modes:
Select “Debug” unit.
Select “MODE SWITCH” menu.
Change operating mode for an example, select FCR. The operation
on a separate channel or both at the same time is available.
Confirm modification.
Notes: 1. In simplex control system in which there’s only regulator A, Current Model and Model Switch for regulator B are invalid. 2. Utilize the data browsing diagram of channels to make sure a smooth switch.
Page 79
Appendix A Ratings and Specifications The actual equipment rating is on your exciter nameplate. This appendix indicates the range of possible product offerings but not necessarily the capability of your exciter.
NES5100 Specification
Description
Power Conversion Module (PCM)
Single bridge rating
250~4,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac
Parallel bridge rating
8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac, with up to 6 bridges
Forcing requirements
200% of design Amperes (EDA) for 20 s at 40 ºC
Power Sources
Power for the PCM - Voltage source
Auxiliary bus Generator terminals Compound Source
Power for the PCM -VA (power)
3,500 KVA (300MW version)
Power for the PCM - Frequency
3-phase 50/60 Hz
Power to the Cooling Fans (3)
10 A rms, 380 V ac single source
Flashing power
Battery source 110~250 V dc, with up to 40 A for at least 10s 220/380 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source
Control power
Two ac sources and two dc sources 110/220 V ac and 110/220 V dc
Input/output
Potential transformers (PTs)
QTY
2
3-phase standard, single-phase available 100 V ac nominal, 1 VA nominal burden
Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A)
2
Any two phases, single phase is available 1 VA nominal burden
Digital inputs
40
Customer contact, 24 V dc supplied by E CTB
Digital outputs
32
At 24 V dc with relay break characteristics
Control
Automatic ac Voltage Regulation
Proportional + Integral + differential
Field Current Regulation
Proportional + Integral + differential Page 80
Protection Features
Under Excitation Limiter (UEL) Over Excitation Limiter (OEL) Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Generator Field Ground detection Generator Overvoltage protection Loss of Excitation protection V/Hz limit Bridge Over Temperature Field Over Temperature Phase Unbalance PT Failure
Environmental Control & Protection
Base controls cabinet
Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment, with 5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing
Base power bridge and auxiliary cabinet
Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment, with 5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing
Humidity
5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing
Altitude
Normal operation at 0 to 1000 m. Derate 10% per 1000 m above 1000 m
Cooling
Forced air cooling required for PCM cabinet
Vibration
Seismic
Universal Building Code (UBC) ñ Seismic Code section 2312 Zone 4
Shipping
72 hours at 0.3 G rms between 4 to 16 Hz 3 shocks of 15 G, 2 ms impulse for all three axes
Operating/Installed at Site
1.0 G Horizontal, 0.5 G vertical at 15 to 150 Hz
Cabinet Dimensions & Weight
Redundant control with dual PCM
Width 6600 mm
Redundant converter in a three-cabinet lineup
Height 2360/2260 mm Depth 1200 mm
Weight of Converter cabinet
≤ 2,400 kg
Weight of Total Lineup (Converter,
≤ 4,200 kg
Control, and Auxiliary cabinets) Cabinet type, control & auxiliary
NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled
Cabinet type, power conversion
NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled
Power and Control Cable Access
Entrances from the top and/or bottom Page 81
Reliability
MTBF - Mean Time Between Failures
Simplex system 25,000 hrs
MTBF - Mean Time Between Failures
Redundant system 175,000 hrs
MTTR - Mean Time to Repair
Any subsystem 4 hrs
Acoustic
Generated Acoustic Noise (Preliminary)
PCM cabinet approximately 75 dB
Codes and Standards
IEC 61000-4
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) P art4: Testing and measurement technique
IEC 801-4
Electrical Fast Transient Susceptibility
IEC 1000-4-5
Surge Immunity
IEC 1000-4-6
Conducted RF Immunity
IEEE 421.1
Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous machines
IEEE 421.2
Guide for Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of the Dynamic Performance of Excitation Control Systems
IEEE 421.3
High-Potential Test Requirements for Excitation Systems
IEEE 421.4
Guide for the preparation of Excitation Systems Specs
IEEE 421.5
Recommended Practice for Excitation Systems for Power Stability Studies
IEEE C57.12.01
General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution & Power Transformers
IEEE C57.110
Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability when supplying Non-Sinusoidal Load Currents
IEEE C57.116
IEEE Guide for Transformers Directly Connected to Generators
IEEE C37.90.1
Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) tests for Protective Relays and Relay Systems
IEEE C57.18.10
Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier Transformers
Page 82
