Block I NBME 17
B EBV Virus ---- > Asociated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas, Burkits L, Hodgking Lymphomas Etc... CNS Lymphoma(B cell origin in AIDS pts)
B Internal Iliac Artery - Recall que los Tumores que hayan en el cervix van hacia esos mismos Nodes
E Strep Pneumo bc of the capsula, even if E coli or any other bacteria has Capsula, Strep Pneumo is the MCC sepsis infx in Asplenic Pts
C Inhaled Glue - Not so long ago, the news had some reports about it, its not Foung in the FA but, the other options are definitely not correct. Literalmente esta bien peagaoo de aqui sale esa frase
A LDL Receptor Deficiency is the MCC of Familial HyperCholesterolemia -Heterozygous = 2-3 upfold in CH values -Homozygous = 5-6 upfold in CH levels
D
Middle Mengeal Artery (Biconvex Shape Hematoma) - A branch of the Maxillary Artery from the carotids
A Vibro Cholerae Toxin, key point was the Trip to Honduras, crowded people living in poor conditions. Plus its Watery Diarreah Leading to sever Hypotension and Dehydration
B Ferruginous Boddies found in a shipyar employee leads to Exposure to Asbestos.
E PGs oposes the Action of AT2, @ afferent Arterioles mainly. Note: ACE- are also contraindicated in this Pts because their GFR is maintatined by RAAS activity mainly @ Efferent arteriole
D HELLP Syndrome Hemolysis + Elevated Liver Enzymes + Low Plateles Severe complications of Preclampsia Tx is to Deliver the baby STAT
A RET 2 oncogene asociation MEN 2 Syndromes
B Increase in Afterload = Concentric Hypertrophy
A Pure Physiology UW question, Feedback inhibition of Renin
A Malignant HyperThermia Induces by Inhaled Fluranes and Succinyl Choline Anesthetia. Tx: Dantrolene Wich Blocks RyR Ca+@ Sarcoplasmic R.
B First Word First Step
B
Leptin Makes you Thin vs Grehlin gives HuGer
21 B Hydroxylase Def is the Most Common type of CAH -17 OH levels are high
B Clinical Significance is not measured in Statistical ways. In this case, we can clearly see that their is NO difference clinically among the 2 groups, even though the P=0.001 and the results says otherwise. No todo lo que brilla es oro!!!
F
Chagas Dz
C Dont be fooled, by thinking that Granulation tissue is Required, and that the lungs Alveolar lining is lined by Type I Pneumocytes. Recall that if Granulation tissue had occured, Scarring and fibrosis might have been seen.
D Increased Radial Traction wich will lead to Collapsing Pressure. Using laplase equation we have Wall Tension = P x R / 2W Recall that Elastic Recoil = Collapsing Pressure = Change in Pressure / Change in Vol Compliance = Change in Vol / Change in Pressure Compliance and Elastic Recoil are inversely related.
B Lower the Dose since 2 routes are normally metabolizing the drug vs a Mutation wich decreaseses the metabolism of the drug, leading to acumulation of it.
A Early Septic Schock Note that in old people, Fevers are not always present, since their Immune system is decreased. Hight out put cardiac failure might occur. HypoT in the presence of Tachy with decraesed RA pressure is key for Septic Shock
B Aortic Disection = Impt to note the Sudden Onste of Shortness of breath could be PE or Spontaneous Pneumothorax. The Murmure heard is a Functional Aortic Regurgitation due to widening of the Aortic Valve anulus.
E
Loops + K+ Sparing Diuretics like Spirolactone are given to this pts to counter act the effects of the high Loop D Doses wich lead to increase Mortality Rates and Hypokalemic Volume Contraction and Alkalosis.
F Fliping coins is Random Selection wich includes the Placebo+ Strd. Tx vs the Std drug only or placebo group.
F
TNF-alpha inhibtors like Infliximab and Decoy receptors of it like Entenarcept are used in IBD pts as well as in many other Autoimmune Dzd pts. Immunomodulators drugs
B
D This Pt developed HIT wich is Tx with Leuperidin, argatroban or Bivelirudin wich are Direct Trhombin Inhibitors
B No Blisters is a key finding, Recall that when Severe burning has occured, pts can go into hypotensive or hypovolemic Shock due to the extensive protein and Volume loss and edema formation, wich leads to a decrease circulating and effective Volume.
E From my point of View, ADPKD is an autosomal R.... Dz. I must asume that the dominant allel that was inherited from the Affected Father is one of those 1. Since their son has a 13 configuration and is unaffected. So I am able to conclued that the mother could be either a carrier or not a carrier. AD Dzs are passed on and seen in consecutive generations, and both siblings, males and females are equally affected. So by looking at the table, we can see that the Male II-2 has clearly recieved the 1 from the father and the 3 from the father and that the I-1 Female recived the 1 from the mother wich is not affected, given the 3 allele a very high percentage of having the Mutated Allel. So for the Male @ III-1to be unaffected, must have recived the The 3 allel from the II-2 Male(father) and any of either 2 from the Mother, wich clearly is unaffected and from a different Family.
D I think that the Key thing here is to know that the process has been insiduous and the Neutrophils are the main Inflamatory agents involved. Using some sort of logic we can exclude Acute Sickle Cell Crisis since the onset was Insidous not Acute plus for me options A and B are basically the Same or very close to each other. Hemarthrosis is mainly seen in V W's Dz or any types of Hemophilias or Trauma wich we clearly dont have. TB arthritis well, we can figure this one out Not a Change since no previous Hx of TB was given and it mainly affects the Vertebral Bodies. So, not completely sure, but Osteomyelitis looks Good for me and it is very comon in SC Pts specially do to sarmonella.
B Biphosphonates are Pyrophosphate Analogues plus they inhibit Osteoclastic Activity by binding to Hydroxiapatite.
E Vagus Nerve
C = Clearly hypochromic microcytic anemia The most comon cause of Anemias in the elerly are Microcitic Anemias due to GIT Blood loss The most comon Type of anemias in Young Female pts @ Child bearing age is due to excessive menstrual bleeding. Important to note that no Hx has been given to take us into the path of CML(Basophilia must be seen and on top of that, Lymphocytes should be higher and the anemia would be of Chronic Dz not of Iron def @ Smear. -B-12 def is macrocytic and should have been acompanied with Neurologic Deficits
A The worst damaged was clearly @ Right Cerebral Cortex = Pt had complete Paralysis of the Lower Left extremity wich actually was the only left sided finding, no trauma was seen @ the left Lower limb but still paralysis was seen. This tells us that the R cerebral lession, injured the Lower Limb area of the cortex, so Upper motor Neuron Lessions present with Positive babisnki and HyperReflexia.
D Loperamide is Imodium = Opiod derived Antidiarrreal Drug.
A
Placebo effect
The Regression paterns and the slight improvement since the start to the End of both groups can be clearly apreciated.
A
= 45 / 300 x 100 = 15%
A Female Fat fertile y 40. Estrogen Driven increase in Cholesterol synthesis at liver, leads to supersaturation of Bile with Cholesterol, on top of that, progesterone decreases the cholestatic contractions wich promots stasis Risk Factors: Females Age Glucose intolerance caucasian Race Parenteral Nutrition prolonged time Hypomotility OCP's Fasting Rapid and pronouced Weight loss Obesity
E IgM = Mantecado is cold Seen with mycoplasma Pneumonia mainly, but EBV is also asociated with it and some malignancieds
B Carrier Mediated Diffusion, like Ion Channels. All other options require Energy
B Uric Acid Gallstone
D Major depressive disorder
Endometriosis = Glands and stroma outside of the uterine cavity. Look for Pain during menstruation periods only and family Hx of Infertility. If found @ ovaries, the ovaries will look some what larger and will have the clasic Chocolate Cysts.
E Scrotum
D Parietal cells secret IF y Acid Vit B-12 Def - Has Anemia + Neurologic Symptoms + a Hx of stomach Removal surgery
D Rosacea = Look for the exacerbations of Facial Redish Rashes by Spicy foods and Heat or warm weather
C Parasympatetic output to the inner genitalia and to the lower GIT. The vagus Nerve inervates the upper half of the GIT and the Pelvic Nerve takes the lower part plus other visceral organs
A Acidosis Metabolica Check with winter formula PCO2 = (11 x 1.5) + 8 +/- 2 = 22-26 Aproximately
