National Identification Numbers of Various Countries

National identification number Not to be confused with Personal with Personal identification number. number .

1.2 1.2 Nige Nigeri riaa

A  national identification number,  national identity number, or  national insurance number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens their  citizens,,  permanent residents, residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits,, health care, and other governmentally-related benefits functions. functions. The number will appear on an  identity document issued by a country.

The Nigerian National Identification Number (NIN) is issued and managed by National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), and it’s a set of eleven digits (e.g.: XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX) XX),, assig assigne nedd to 16+ years years old old Nigerians and legal residents by the Government.

1.3 South South Afri Africa ca

The ways in which such a system is implemented are dependent on the country, but in most cases, a citizen is issued an identification an identification number at number at birth or when they reach a  legal age (typica age  (typically lly the age of 18). Non-citizens Non-citizens may be issued such numbers when they enter the country, or when granted a temporary or permanent residence permit. Many countries issued such numbers for a singular purpose, pose, but over over time, time, they they becom becomee a de facto national national idenidentificatio tificationn number. number. For exampl example, e, the United the  United States deStates  developed its Social its  Social Security number  system as a means of disbursing disbursing Social  Social Security bene Security  benefits. fits. However, However, due to function creep, creep, the number has become used for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one to, among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, card, or drive a car. Althoug Althoughh some countries countries are required to collect TIN/SSN information for overseas payment procedures, some countries, like the US, are not required to collect other nations’ TIN if other requirements are met, such as date of birth. [1][2] Authorities use databases and they need a  unique key in key in order to be sure that data actually refer to the searched person. In countries where there is no established nation-wide number, authorities need to create their own number for each per- South African identity document  son, although there is still a risk of mismatching people. In the Republic the Republic of South Africa, Africa, every citizen must apply for an Identity Document Document from the age of 16 years. The ID numbe numberr is alrea already dyall alloca ocated tedat at thetime thebi the birth rth certi certifificate is generated and required for child passport applica1 Africa tions. This passport-size document document contains only 8 pages - the first page containing the national identification number (also in barcoded format), name of bearer, district or 1.1 The The Gambi Gambiaa country of birth, as well as a photograph of the bearer. The other pages are used for recording of voting particIn   The Gamb Gambia ia,, the National National Identificati Identification on Number Number ipation, a page for driver’s license information (although (NIN) consists of 11 digits in the form DDMMYY-PG- it is no longer used since the introduction of plastic card ##CS. DD MM YY indicates date of birth, PG indicates indicates type licenses), as well as pages for fire arms licenses (also place of issuance and nationality, ## is a serial number plasti plasticc card card type type now). now). The docume document nt is requir required ed to appl applyy and also indicates sex and CS is a check sum. for a passport, car learner’s license (over 17), motorcycle 1

2

1 AFRICA

•

•

 A is 8 or 9. Prior to 1994 this number was used to indicate the holder’s race;  Z is a checksum digit.

Using ID Number 8001015009087 as an example, it would read as follows: The ID indicates that a male citizen was born on 1 January 1980; he was the 10th male to be registered (assuming that the first male to be registered on that day would be assigned the sequence number 5000). The checksum digit is calculated using the  Luhn algorithm:[3] •

•

•

 A = The sum of the digits in the ID number in the odd positions (Excluding Z) B = The number formed by the concatenation of the digits in the ID number in the even positions  C = The sum of the digits in (2 * B)

•

D = A +C

•

Z = 10 - (D mod 10)

Explanation of identity number in a South African identity document during apartheid 

1.3.2 Racial classification

learner’s license (over 16), driving license (over 18), motorcycle license (over 16 or 18 depending on cc) and to vote (over 18). The Identity Document is not used for international travel purposes (a separate passport is issued) but usually is acceptable photographic identification for internal flights, and mainly serves as proof of identification. Some authorities may accept the driver’s license as proof of identity, but the Identity Document is the only universally accepted form of identification.

During the apartheid era the second to last digit, “A”, denoted “race”. Since these documents were not then issued to the majority population, the “race” code does not include those classified as Black. “A” Classification: •

 0: White

•

 1: Cape Coloured

•

 2: Malay

•

 3: Griqua

•

 4: Chinese

•

 5: Indian

•

 6: Other Asian

•

 7: Other Coloured

1.3.1 Validation

A South African person identification number is a 13digit number containing only numeric characters, and no whitespace, punctuation, or alpha characters. It is defined as YYMMDDSSSSCAZ: •

•

•

YYMMDD represents the date of birth (DoB); SSSS is a sequence number registered with the same birth date (where females are assigned sequential numbers in the range 0000 to 4999 and males from 5000 to 9999); C is the citizenship with 0 if the person is a SA citizen, 1 if the person is a permanent resident;

After about 1987, the racial classification was eliminated, and all existing numbers were reissued with new digits in the last two fields (AZ).

2.3 Canada

3

specifying the state which issued the ID card), but it is also possible to (legally) have more than one RG, from In contrast to other countries the South African ID num- different states. ber is not unique, at least because of the use of a two- The other system, the  Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas digit year. Other issues with duplications exist:, [4] how- (CPF) is federal and supposedly unique (barring fraud), ever the Department of Home Affairs HANIS Project [5] but it was created originally for purposes of taxation (a rehas planned to rectify that with ID smart cards. The time- lated system is used for companies, whichis called Cadasline for that is undetermined as the last budget request for tro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas -CNPJ). One, the other 08/09 and 09/10 included requests for budget for it [6] de- or both numbers are required for many common tasks in spite the project being active since 1997. Brazil, such as opening bank accounts or getting a driver’s 1.3.3 HANIS

2 Americas

license. The RG system is more widespread, but its shortcomings have led to debate about merging both systems into a new one, which would be based around the CPF.

Another type of registration is the Social Security Num2.1 Argentina ber, which is originated when a person creates one in the National Social Security Institute’s site[7] or starts to work In Argentina the only nationally issued identification is for a company, when this onehas to register the employee the DNI,  Documento Nacional de Identidad  (National in the Social Integration Program. Identity Document). It is a number not related to anything in particular about the person (except for immigrants who get assigned numbers starting at 92,000,000). 2.3 Canada It is assigned at birth by the Registro Nacional de las Personas (National Registry for People), but parents need to Main article: Social Insurance Number sign up their children, and because of this there are some people, especially the poor, who do not have a DNI. The use of the  Social Insurance Number  (SIN) as a The ID is required for applying for credit, opening a bank “de facto” ID number ended in 2004 with passage of account, and for voting. Law requires a person to show The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Dochis DNI when using a credit card. Prior to the DNI the uments Act.[8] There are only certain instances where an LC (Libreta Cívica, for women), and LE (Libreta de En- organization may ask for a SIN (namely for tax or retirerolamiento, for men) were used. This was later unified in ment benefit related issues). The SIN must be guarded as the DNI. confidential personal information, and therefore cannot [9] For taxpaying purposes, the CUIT and CUIL (Código be used as a general ID number. Único de Identificación Tributaria, Unique Code for Taxpaying Identification and Código Único de Identificación Laboral, Unique Code for Laboral Identification). An ex- 2.4 Chile ample of the ID is 20-10563145-8. It is based on the DNI and appends 2 numbers at the beginning and one at the In  Chile   the National Identification Number is called end. For example, 20 and 23 for men, 27 for women, RUN  (Rol Único Nacional) ; but is usually called RUT and one control digit at the end. Employees have a CUIL (Rol Único Tributario)  and the number is the same. The (assigned at the moment the DNI is created), and em- difference between them is that RUT is also used for ployers have a CUIT. The first two digits to identify the juristic persons. CUIT for companies are for instance: 30 or 33. If a per- It is used as a national identification number, tax payer son decides to open a company of its own, his CUIL usu- number, social insurance number,driver’s license numally becomes his CUIT. The CUIT was needed because ber, for employment, etc. It is also commonly used as a different identification is required for companies, who a customer number in banks, retailers, insurance comcannot be identified by a DNI number. panies, airlines, etc. Until the end of August 2013, the RUN was also used as the passport number. After this date, Chilean passports have had unique numbers.

2.2 Brazil

Since well before 1990, every baby born is given a RUN In Brazil there are two systems. The first, the  Registro number; previously it was assigned at the moment of apGeral (RG) is a number associated to the official ID card. plying to get the ID card. Non-Chilean residents also get Although the ID cards are supposedly national, the RG a RUN and an identification card. Every company or ornumbers are assigned by the  states and a few other or- ganization also must have a RUT for taxation purposes. ganizations, such as the armed forces. So, not only is it The RUN or RUT has 7 or 8 digits (for people alive today; possible for a person to have the same RG number as a in the past, there were persons with a 5- or 6- digit one, person from other state (which is usually dealt with by but havedied off) plus a check digit or letter (xx.xxx.xxx-

4

3 ASIA

z, z is {0-9, K}).

number (SSN), a nine-digit number issued to  U.S. citiCode (C#) for checking correctness of RUT can be found zens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) reson the here:  http://www.vesic.org/english/blog/c-sharp/ idents. Its purpose was to identify individuals for the purposes of Social Security, but it is now also used to verifying-chilean-rut-code-tax-number/ track individuals for taxation purposes. There is no reCode (Clojure) for checking correctness of RUT can be quirement to have a SSN if it is not required for Social found on the here: https://github.com/daplay/chileno Security or taxation purposes, but in practice one is required for many other purposes, for example to open a bank account or apply for a driving license, so that nearly 2.5 Colombia all U.S. citizens and permanent residents have one. The SSN has therefore become a  de facto national identificaIn Colombia, each person is issued a basic ID card dur- tion number.[10] ing childhood (Tarjeta de Identidad ). The ID number includes the date of birth and a short serial number. Upon reaching the age of 18, every citizen is reissued a citizen- 2.8 Venezuela ship card (Cédula de Ciudadanía ), and the ID number on it is used and required in all instances, public and private. In Venezuela the SAIME (DIEX) issue an ID card in the Every Colombian national traveling abroad is issued a teens (Cédula de Identidad). The ID card includes the passport document (which includes a passport number re- date of birth, a correlative number (population continues lated to the national identification number); in this man- number for nationals, after 80.000.000 for foreigners resner foreign governments can track Colombian nationals idents), a photo, marital status, expedition date, expiry date (a expiry ID card is still valid for nationals) and a with their consulates. finger print. The duration is 10 years. There is as well a number assigned to companies: NIT. Tributary Identification Number (for its Spanish Physical and companies has an RIF, (Fiscal information acronym). Among other things, it is used for tax reports. Registry) for taxable purposes. For physical persons, it is the ID number + checksum digit. As of 2003 created the NUIP ( Número Único de Identificación Personal ), starting the numbering per billion (1,000,000,000).

3 Asia

2.6 Mexico

3.1 Bahrain

Main article: Unique Population Registry Code

In   Bahrain   every citizen and resident must hold an Identification Card (Arabic: ) and thus has a Personal Number (Arabic: ) which consists of 8 digits followed by a  check digit (Total: 9 digits). In general, it has the following format: YYMMNNNNC, where YYMM is the year and month of birth, NNNN is a random number, C is the check digit. However, a minority of citizens and residents have Personal Numbers that do not follow that format.

In Mexico, the ID number is called the CURP (Clave Única de Registro de Población) although the most important and accepted ID card would be the election card (“credencial de elector” or else “credencial del INE,” as per the initials of “Instituto Nacional Electoral/National Institute of Elections, the institution responsible for electoral procedures). There are, however, other important ID numbers in Mexico: for instance, the social security number, which is the number assigned by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security, or IMSS) to every citizen who starts working, or the RFC (Registro Federal del Contribuyente) which is assigned by the Treasury and has the same format as the CURP but a shorter length.

2.7 United States

It is possible to obtain a Distinctive Personal Number (Arabic: ), only for newborn infants and it is optional and not compulsory, for a fee (US$130, 200, or 260 depending on the category). Another local name for the Personal number is Central Population Registration (CPR) Number (Arabic: ) which was used before the inception of the Central Informatics Organization (CIO) ( Arabic: ).

Main article: Social Security number

3.2 People’s Republic of China In the United States, a Selective Service Number must be applied for by all male citizens turning age 18. An Main article:   Resident Identity Card § Identity card optional national identity number is the Social Security number

5

3.5 Indonesia

(UIDAI) to issue a Unique Identification Number to all In the PRC, an ID card is mandatory for all citizens citizens and residents of India. This Authority is headed who are over 16 years old. The ID number has 18 dig- by Nandan Nilekani, former CEO of Infosys. This Auits and is in the format RRRRRRYYYYMMDDSSSC, thority will issue the first unique number within 12 to 18 which is the sole and exclusive identification code for the months of its creation. holder (an old ID card only has 15 digits in the format The AADHAR project will give each Indian citizen a RRRRRRYYMMDDIII). RRRRRR is a standard code unique 12 digit identification number, along with recordfor the political division where the holder is born (county ing their biometrics such as iris scan and fingerprints on or a district of a city), YYYYMMDD is the birth date of a chip in the card that will be rolled out to all eligithe holder, and SSS is a sequential code for distinguishing ble citizens. The first Aadhaar number was launched in people with identical birthdates and birthplaces. The se- Maharashtra in the village of Tembli, on 29 September quential code is odd for males and even for females. The 2010.So far up to 2014 720 million Aadhar Numbers final character, C, is a checksum value over the first 17 have been issued. Further it is expected to cross 1 bildigits. To calculate the checksum, each digit in order is lion mark by end of 2015 < The Economics Times 23rd multiplied by a weight in the ordered set [7 9 10 5 8 4 2 1 December, 2014>. 6 3 7 9 10 5 8 4 2] and summed together. The sum modulus 11 is used as an index into the ordered set [1 0 X 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2], with the first index being zero. The indexed 3.5 Indonesia value is the checksum digit. In 15 digit IDs, III is an identification number created through certain mathematical In Indonesia, 16 digit number is used as a unique number methods (the last digit might be an English letter, such as for each citizens. It is known as  Nomor Induk KepenX). The ID card is used for residential registration, army dudukan. The number is given to all Indonesian citizen. enrollment registration, registration of marriage/divorce, The format is PPRRSSDDMMYYXXXX where PP is 2 going abroad, taking part in national exams, and other digits province code, RR is 2 digits regency or city code, SS is 2 digits sub-district code, DDMMYY is date of social or civil matters. birth, and XXXX is 4 digits computerized number. The number is stated in Indonesian identity card. add with individual state code as per issue state a unique no of dis3.3 Hong Kong trict. and itsno to be reflected from (likeDistrict no+state In Hong Kong, a Hong Kong Identity Card (HKID) is No+India National N mandatory for all residents aged over 11, subject to lim- This program is designed on the basis of UIDAI of Inited exceptions. HKID cards contain the bearer’s HKID dia. Though Indonesia started late,Indonesia National ID number, of which the standard format is X123456(A). program is growing at much rapid pace and assumed to X represents one or two letters of the alphabet. The nu- complete earlier than India due to smaller population. merals may represent any Arabic number. A is the  check digit, which has 11 possible values from 0 to 9 and A. The letters and numbers are not assigned arbitrarily. Addi- 3.6 Iran, Islamic Republic of tionally, one can view the international securities identification numbers organization that helps assign ISIN codes In Iran, the National Identification Number is a 10-digit to securities. number in the format of XXX-XXXXXX-X; (e.g. 012345678-9). The government started NIDs and 10-digit postal codes in 1989.

3.4 India

Various schemes had been proposed but were never implemented. The closest India has come to this is the Permanent account number (PAN), issued by the Income Tax Office, for purposes of tracking income and income taxes. It has now gained use as a means of identification for activities like getting a phone connection. A total of 204 million PANs have been allotted upto 31st March, 2014 .The MNIC project appears to be a strong contender for nation-wide implementation with pilots underway in 13 states, with specific focus on covering the border regions.

3.7 Israel An Identity Number  (Hebrew: Mispar Zehut) is issued to all Israeli citizens at birth by the Ministry of the Interior. It is composedof nine digits: a one-digit prefix, seven digits, and a final check digit. Blocks of numbers are distributed to hospitals, and individual numbers are issued to babies upon discharge from hospital. Temporary residents (category A-5) are assigned a number when they receive temporary resident status.

An Identity Card, (Hebrew:  Teudat Zehut ), bearing an Identity Number, is issued to all residents over 16 years The Indian Government has established an Author- old who have legal temporary or permanent residence staity called the  Unique Identification Authority of India tus, including non-citizens.

6

3 ASIA

3.8 Kazakhstan

SIM, now called DSI) hasbecome the unitary authority to issue identity cards. It has adopted the above-mentioned In Kazakhstan there is a 12-digit Individual Identifica- numbering policy. tion Number for natural persons (abbreviated in Kazakh: Macau’s Finance Department has also adopted identifiЖСН,  ZhSN ; in Russian: ИИН, IIN , with first 6 dig- cation number as a tax reporting number, for tax filing its representing person’s date of birth in the YYMMDD purposes. format) and a 12-digit Business Identification Number ru:Бизнес-идентификационный номер  for legal entities (companies). 3.11 Malaysia Until its abolishment on 01 January 2013, the 12digit Taxpayer’s Registration Number (Kazakh: Салық төлеушінің тіркеу нөмірі;   Russian: Регистрационный номер налогоплательщика, usually abbreviated as РНН,  RNN ) was more popular in dealings with authorities as well as with businesses.

Main article:  National Registration Identity Card Number (Malaysia)

In Malaysia, a 12-digit number (format: YYMMDD-SS###G, since 1991) known as the  National Registration Identification Card Number (NRIC No.) is issued to citizens and permanent residents on a MyKad. Prior to 3.9 Kuwait January 1, 2004, a separate social security ( SOCSO ) number (also the old IC number in format 'S#########', S In Kuwait, the 12-digit national identification number is denotes state of birth or country of origin (alphabet or the Civil Number (Arabic: ), it follows the for- number), # is a 9-digit serial number) was used for social mat (NYYMMDDNNNN), and is issued and put on the security-related affairs. Civil ID and managed by Public Agency for Civil InforThe first group of numbers (YYMMDD) are the date of mation (PACI) Arabic: . birth. The second group of numbers (SS) represents the The Civil ID contains holder’s name in Arabic and En- place of birth of theholder - thestates(01-13), thefederal glish, picture, gender, date of birth, current address and territories (14-16) or the country of origin (60-85). The a digital memory. last group of numbers (###G) is a serial number in an The Civil Number is issued for citizens and residents, and unidentified pattern which is randomly generated. The it’s used for a lot of tasks like opening a bank account, last digit (G) is an odd number for a male, while an even getting free medical care or even for taking some tests number is given for a female. like the IELTS exam. Passports can be used instead for those who don't have Civil IDs like tourists.

3.12 Pakistan

3.10 Macau In Macau, there are two types of ID cards: Permanent Resident Identity Card (BIRP) and Non-Permanent Resident Identity Card (BIRNP). The identification number has 8-digit standard format: NNNNNNN(N), where N is a numeric digit 0-9. The first numeric digit N has special meaning, and it can be one of the following digits: '1', '5' or '7'. •

•

•

'1': the first-time date of issuance of ID card to the bearer was 1992 or later. '5': the predecessor of the ID card is Portuguese National Identity Card (BI), issued by Macau Civil Authority. '7': the predecessor of the ID card is Macau Identity Card, issued by Macau Public Security Police.

Main article:   National Database and Registration Authority After the   independence of   Pakistan,   Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan launched the Personal Identity System (PIS) program to issue national identification cards to the citizens of Pakistan and Muslim refugees settling in Pakistan. Since the 1960s, Pakistan has beenissuing National Identity Card (commonly known by the acronym, NIC) numbers to its citizens. These numbers are assigned at birth when the parents complete the child’s birth registration form (B-Form), and then a National Identity Card (NIC) with the same number is issued at the age of 18. Until, 2001 NIC numbers were 11 digits long. In 2001– 2002, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), started issuing 13-digit NIC numbers along with their new biometric ID cards. The first 5 digits are based on the applicant’s locality, the next 7 are serial numbers, and the last digit is a check digit. The last digit also indicates the gender of the applicant; an even number indicates a female and an odd number indicates a male. The old numbers are invalid as of 2004.

During Portuguese rule, Macau had no unified identification system, and several departments had the authority to issue identity cards to Macau citizens and residents. Since 1992, the  Identification Department  (once known as As of 2012 NADRA has started to issue SMART ID

7

3.15 Sri Lanka

Cards which include an encrypted chip. The SMART Card plan is to be extended to disburse social benefits as well as to allow the heirs of the card to get life insurance at the death of the card holder. Every citizen has an NIC number for activities such as paying taxes, opening a bank account, getting a utility connection (phone, cell phone, gas, electricity). However, since a majority of births in the country are not registered, and a large number of Pakistanis do not conduct any of the activities described above, most do not have ID cards. Obtaining an NIC card costs 100 rupees (US$1.66 - almost the average daily income), and this reduces the number of people who can afford it. In 2006, NADRA announced that it had issued 50 million CNIC (the C standing for Computerized) numbers, which is approximately one-third of the population. In June 2008, the federal government announced it would start issuing CNIC cards for free. In addition to NIC/CNIC companies and individuals in business and employment with taxable income are required to register with  Central Board of Revenue and have their National Tax Number (commonly known as NTN). The tax number is mainly used only for taxation purposes and is rarely used otherwise as compared to other countries. New NTN certificates are being issued with computerized NIC numbers and old NTN certificates bearing old NIC numbers will become invalid. [11]

3.13 Singapore

ident’s Registration Number (), which has the form 000000-0000000. The firstseven digits have his/her birthday and gender, where the first six digits are in the format YYMMDD and the seventh digit is determined by the century and the gender as follows: •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

 1: Males, holding Korean nationality, born 1900– 1999.  2: Females, holding Korean nationality, born 1900– 1999.  3: Males, holding Korean nationality, born 2000– 2099.  4: Females, holding Korean nationality, born 2000– 2099.  5: Male foreigners sojourn in Korea, born 1900– 1999.  6: Female foreigners sojourn in Korea, born 1900– 1999.  7: Male foreigners sojourn in Korea, born 2000– 2099.  8: Female foreigners sojourn in Korea, born 2000– 2099.  9: Males, holding Korean nationality, born before 1900.  0: Females, holding Korean nationality, born before 1900.

In  Singapore the   National Registration Identity Card (NRIC) is issued to Singapore citizens and permanent (For example, a male citizen who was born in 27 May residents. Permanent residents (PR) are issued with 2001 is assigned the number 010527‒3******, and a female citizen which was born in 24 March 1975 is assigned NRIC number similar to citizens. the number 750324‒2******.) The NRIC contains a unique number that identifies the person holding it, and is used for almost all identification Thenext 4 digits mean theregion of his/her birth registrapurposes in Singapore, including authentication when ac- tion, and the next 1 digit is a serial number of registration cessing the Singapore government’s web portal. Citizens within the date and the region. The last digit is a check and permanent residents are issued with identity number digit. starts with prefix S (born before 2000) and T (born in or after year 2000), followed with a 7-digit number and a checksum alphabet. For citizens and permanent residents 3.15 Sri Lanka born after 1968, the first two digits of the 7-digit number In Sri Lanka, all citizens over the age of 16 need to apindicate their birth year. ply for a National Identity Card (NIC). Each NIC has Long-term pass holders (e.g. people holding work per- a unique 10 digit number, in the format 000000000A mits, employment passes or student passes) are issued a (where0 isa digit and A is a letter). The first two digits of similarly formatted Foreign Identification Number (FIN) the number are your year of birth (e.g.: 88xxxxxxxx for on their long-term passes, with prefix F (registered before someone born in 1988). Add 500 to middle 3 numbers year 2000) and G (registered in or after year 2000). after first two numbers for femails. The final letter is generally a 'V' or 'X'. An NIC number is required to apply for a passport (over 16), driving license (over 18) and to vote 3.14 South Korea (over 18). In addition, all citizens are required to carry their NIC on them as proof of identity. NICs are not isMain article: Resident registration number sued to non-citizens, but they too are required to carry some form of photo identification (such as a photocopy In South Korea, every Korean resident is assigned a Res- of their passport or foreign driving license).

8

4 EUROPE 

3.16 Taiwan

4 Europe

In Taiwan, an ID card is mandatory for all citizens who are over 14 years old. Every citizen has a unique ID number. The ID card has been uniformly numbered since 1965. A valid National Identification number consists of one letter and nine-digits, in the format A########C. The letter (“A”) records the card holder’s first  location of household registration, which is usually where they were born. The first digit depends on gender; 1 for male,  2 for female. The last digit (“C”) is a checksum. Thus the total number of IDs is 208,000,000. [12]

4.1 Albania

In  Thailand, the  Population Identification Code has been issued by the Department of Provincial Administration of the Ministry of Interior since 1976. It consists of a 13-digit string in the format N-NNNN-NNNNN-NN-N, which is assigned at birth or upon receiving citizenship. The first digit signifies type of citizenship, the second to fifth the office where the number was issued, the sixth to twelfth are group and sequence numbers, and the last digit acts as a check digit.

The Albanian Identity Number is a unique personal identification number of 10 characters in the format YYMMDDSSSC, where YYMMDD indicates the date of birth and sex (for males MM is 01-12, for females 50 is added to the month of birth so that MM is 51-62), SSS is a sequence number of persons born on the same date (001– 999), and C is a checksum letter (A–W). The YY part of the date of birth is calculated from the following table: [14]

In Albania, the Identity Number (Albanian:   Numri i  Identitetit  (NID)) is issued by the Central Civic Registry Service (Ministry of Interior). The coding structure and algorithm is regulated by a decision of the Council of Ministers of Albania (No.827, Dated 11.12.2003). From 2004 to 2007, the Identity Number was referred to as the Citizen Identity Number (Albanian:  Numri i Identitetit të  Shtetasit   (NISH)). As of 2007 with the introduction the The letter usage (i.e., indicating the household registra- new legislation regarding the new biometric ID Cards and tion location) is as follows: biometric passports, it is referred to as the Identity Number. The Albanian national identification number appears in the Albanian national ID Cards and biometric pass3.17 Thailand ports under the 'personal no.' section.

3.18 United Arab Emirates The Emirates Identity Authority (Arabic: ) issues an Identity Card ( Arabic: ) to each citizen and resident. The cardholder’s name, nationality, gender and date of birth are printed on the card. The card also bears a unique 15-digit Identification Number (Arabic: ), which is used for identity verification by the government and some private entities. Inside the card is an electronic chip which contains personal and biometric data about the cardholder. [13] The Identification Number has the following format: 784-YYYY-NNNNNNN-C, where 784 is the ISO 31661 numeric code for the UAE, YYYY is the year of birth, NNNNNNN is a random 7-digit number, and C is a check digit.

e.g. For people born in the year 2003, YY would be K3.

4.2 Austria In Austria there are two schemes to identify individuals: 4.2.1 Sector-Specific Personal Identifier

The Sector-Specific Personal Identifier (ssPIN) tries to do away with the problems of the SSN. Its legal foundation is the Austrian E-Government Act,[15] and it is derived from the Central Register of Residents (CRR). Its specification is related with the Austrian Citizen Card. [16]

Its computation (specification) [17] is a two-stage process: The CCR ID is encoded into the Source Identification Number (Source PIN) with a symmetrical cryptofunction. This is again one-way encoded into the ssPIN per sector of governmental activity. For the storage of SourcePINs is not limited to citizen cards, andan applica3.19 Vietnam tion cannot convert a ssPIN from one sector to the ssPIN In  Vietnam  a Vietnam ID Card (Vietnamese:   Giấy  from applications of other sectors, the link-up of data of sectors by PINs is constricted. However, there is a leứng minh nhân dân), simply in Vietnamese the CMND, is issued by Provincial Police Department for gal exception to this rule: applications may query for and Vietnamese citizen. The ID Card number is a combi- store ssPINs from other sectors if they are encrypted in nation of 9 digits. The first 3 digits are for categorizing a way, that makes them only usable in the target applicaProvincial Police Department. For example: the ID Card tion. This enables the application to communicate across No.: 012-885-652 is issued for Vietnamese citizen resid- sectors. ing in Hanoi, because the code 012 is for Hanoi citizens. The expiry date of the ID Card is 15 years.

Sample values

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4.5 Bulgaria

•

•

CCR-ID: 000247681888 (12-digit) SourcePIN: MDEyMzQ1Njc4OWFiY2RlZg== (24 bytes base64)

request new UMCN where the RR part is represented by the region where they were first registered.

  ssPIN(BW): MswQO/UhO5RG+nR+klaOTsVY+CU=4.5 Bulgaria (28 bytes base64) Main article: Uniform civil number BW (Bauen + Wohnen) is the public sector related to “construction and habitation”. Every citizen or permanent resident of   Bulgaria has There are approximately 30 sectors like health, a unique 10-digit   Uniform Civil Number  (Bulgarian: Единен граждански номер,   Edinen grazhdanski  taxes, statistics, and security. nomer , usually abbreviated as ЕГН, EGN ), generated from the person’s date of birth (encoded in six digits in the 4.3 Belgium form YYMMDD), followed by a three-digit serial number and a single-digit checksum. The last digit of serial In Belgium every citizen has a  National Number, which number indicates gender: odd numbers are used for feis created by using the citizen’s date of birth (encoded in males and even numbers for males. six digits), followed by a serial number (three digits) and For persons born prior to 1900, themonth identifier (third a checksum (two digits). The serial number is used so and fourth digits) is increased by 20 (e.g. 952324XXXX that men get the odd numbers, while women get the even denotes a person born on 24 March 1895). Similarly, numbers; thus, there can be only 500 men or women on 40 is added to denote that a person was born after 1999 each day. (e.g. 054907XXXX denotes a person born on 7 Septem•

•

•

The national number is unique to each person and in that capacity used by most government institutions; however, because one can immediately read the date of birth and the sex of the numbers’ holder and because it is the key in most government databases (including that of the tax administration, the social security, and others), it is considered a privacy-sensitive number. For that reason, although it is put on the identity card by default, with the old ID cards a citizen could request that this would not be done. With the newer Digital ID cards that Belgium is rolling out, this is no longer possible, since the National Number is used as the serial number for the private cryptography keys on the card..

ber 2005). EGNs were introduced in 1977 and are used in virtually all dealings with public service agencies, and often with private businesses. EGNs are also printed on Bulgarian identity cards and passports, under the heading "ЕГН/Personal number”.

4.6 Croatia Main article: Personal identification number (Croatia)

In Croatia, the Personal Identification Number ( Croatian: Osobni identifikacijski broj  (OIB)), is used for identify4.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina ing the citizens and legal persons in many government and civilian systems. The OIB-system was introduced Main article: Unique Master Citizen Number on January 1, 2009 and replaced the old  JMBG system, renamed to   Master Citizen Number  (Croatian: Matični broj građana (MBG)) in 2002, that was used in former Each citizen receives 13 number Unique Master Citi- Yugoslavia. The OIB consists of eleven random digits zen Number (Bosnian: Jedinstveni matični broj građana) and the last number is a control number. [18] Although the upon birth. Unique Master Citizen Number comprises OIB is in use, the MBG is still issued and used for data 13 digits in DDMMYYY RR XXX C format. DDM- coordination among government registries.[19] MYYY represents citizens birth date. RR indicates one of 10 Bosnian regions (10: Banja Luka, 11: Bihać, 12: Doboj, 13: Goražde, 14: Livno, 15: Mostar, 16: Prije- 4.7 Czech Republic/Slovakia dor, 17: Sarajevo, 18: Tuzla, 19: Zenica) where the citizen was born. XXX is a unique sequential number where Czech Republic  uses a system called Birth Number 000 - 499 is used for males and 500 - 999 for females. (Czech: rodné číslo (RČ)). The final number is a check-sum. The form is YYXXDD/SSSC, where XX=MM (month Foreign citizens born or residing in Bosnia & Herzegovina can also receive a Unique Master Citizen Number (UMCN). The RR sequence foreign nationals is 01. Upon gaining Bosnian citizenship, a former foreign national can

of birth) for male (numbers 01-12) and XX=MM+50 for female (numbers 51-62), SSS is a serial number separating persons born on the same date and C is a check digit. The whole number must be divisible by 11.

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For people born before 1 January 1954 the form is tion for their CVR). YYXXDD/SSS (without the check digit). This enables Government entities are numbered in a variety of ways, the system to work until the year 2054. but since 2003 all government entities (however small) Thesystem was introduced in the former Czechoslovakia. now have EAN numbers for billing purposes. Some GovSlovakia uses the same system. ernment entities also have CVR numbers. Only one GovThe system is raising privacy concerns, since the age and ernment Entity (the Queen) has a CPR number. the gender of the bearer can be decoded from the number. Therefore the birth number is considered a sensitive piece of personal information. The Czech Republic is introducing a new system of agenda-specific person identifiers.

The CPR number gives government agencies access to state-controlled databases with information about the person. The information includes: The person’s marital status and spouse, parents, children, current and former addresses, the cars the person has owned, the criminal record and other information about the person.

Foreigners who are not eligible to get a CPR-number, but who need one, includes persons who have witnessed a crime, persons who have been charged with a crime, Main article: Personal identification number (Denmark) or are victims of a crime. These persons are registered witha CPR-number withthe format: DDMMYY-XXXX A Personal Identification Number  (Da.  CPR, Det Cen- where XXXX are four letters instead of four numbers. trale Personregister ) in Denmark is used in dealings with public agencies, from health care to the tax authorities. It is also used as a customer number in banks and insurance 4.9 Estonia companies. People must be registered with a CPR number if they reside in Denmark, if they own property or if In Estonia, a   Personal Identification Code  (Estonian: isikukood  (IK)) is defined as a number formed on the they pay tax. basis of the sex and date of birth of a person which allows In Denmark, there has been a systematic registration the identification of the person and used by government since 1924, however it was in 1968 that the electronic and other systems where identification is required, as well CPR register was established. [20] as by digital signatures using the nation ID-card and its In the 1980s, the electronic system was exported to associated certificates. An Estonian Personal identificaKuwait, Jamaica, Malaysia, Thailand, Romania, Cyprus, tion code consists of 11 digits, generally given without Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, and Saint Petersburg. [21] any whitespace or other delimiters. The form is GYYMThe CPR number is a ten-digit number with the format MDDSSSC, where G shows sex and century of birth (odd DDMMYY-SSSS, where DDMMYY is the date of birth number male, even number female, 1-2 19th century, 3and SSSS is a sequence number. The first digit of the 4 20th century, 5-6 21st century), SSS is a serial number sequence number encodes the century of birth (so that separating persons born on the same date and C a checkcentenarians are distinguished from infants, 0-4 in odd sum.

4.8 Denmark

centuries, 5-9 in even centuries), and the last digit of the sequence number is odd for males and even for females. Prior to 2007, the last digit was also a check digit such that less than 240 SSSS values were available for any given combination of gender and date of birth, but due to an administrative practice of assigning Jan 1 and similar dates for immigrants with unknown date of birth, any SSSS value consistent with gender and century of birth may now be issued, even for birth dates prior to 2007.

4.10 European Area/Switzerland

Economic

Within the European Economic Area and Switzerland, a card known as the European Health Insurance Card is issued to any resident who so wishes, proving the right of health care anywhere in the area. This card lists a code called “Identification Number”, quite simply the national Companies and other taxable non-humans are issued an identification number of the residence country, for Gereight-digit “CVR” number which is a mostly sequential many the health insurance number. number, there is no defined rule preventing the issuance of a CVR number with the same digits as a CPR number of an unrelated person, so the type of number must al- 4.11 Finland ways be indicated, but CPR are always 10-digit and CVR 8-digit. VAT registration numbers for Danish compa- In Finland, the Personal Identity Code (Finnish: Henkilönies are simply “DK” followed by the CVR number, but tunnus   (HETU), Swedish:   Personbeteckning), also far from all CVR numbered entities are VAT registered known as Personal Identification Number , was introduced (companies with no need for a VATnumber, such as hold- in 1964 and it is used for identifying the citizens in goving companies, typically do not request a VAT registra- ernment and many corporate and other transactions. It

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4.13 Germany

consists of eleven characters of the form DDMMYYCZZZQ, where DDMMYY is the date of birth, C the century sign, ZZZ the individual number and Q the control character (checksum). The sign for the century is either + (1800–1899), - (1900–1999), or A (2000–2099). The individual number ZZZ is odd for males and even for females and for people born in Finland its range is 002899 (larger numbers may be used in special cases). An example of a valid code is 311280-888Y.

4.13 Germany In Germany, there was no national identification number until2007. Only decentralized databases were kept by social insurance companies, who allocate a social insurance number to almost every person.

Since 2008 new Taxpayer Identification Numbers replace the former Tax File Number. Persons who are both employees and self-employed at the same time may reThe control character is calculated as the remainder ceive two taxpayer identification numbers. The respecof DDMMYYZZZ divided by 31, i.e. drop the cen- tive number for organizations, also issued by the tax adtury sign and divide the resulting nine digit number by ministration, is named economy identification number. 31. For remainders below ten, the remainder itself is These numbering concepts are national systems, orgathe control character, otherwise pick the corresponding nized by the Federal Central Tax Office. For special purcharacter from string “0123456789ABCDEFHJKLMN- pose further value-added tax identification numbers are PRSTUVWXY”. For example 311280888 divided by 31 issued for persons and organizations that are subject to gives the remainder as 30, and since A=10, B=11, etc. paying VAT as a deduct from their revenues. This is a Europe-wide unified concept. Additionally for all persons ending up with Y=30. [22] A Personal Identity Code is given to every Finnish cit- joining the military service, a Service Number is issued. izen born in Finland. Foreign citizens whose residence None of these numbers are commonly used for other than in Finland is permanent or exceeds more than one year their specific purpose, nor is such (ab)use legal.  German are also issued a personal identity code by law. The Per- identity documents do not contain any of the mentioned sonal Identity Code is a means to distinguish between in- numbers, only a document number. People are not exdividuals having the same name. It can be found in some pected to know their number when dealing with an aupublic documents (such as the deed of purchase of real thority, so there are some troubles about people being estate). Therefore knowing the code should not be used mismatched. as a proof of identity, although this sometimes happens For some time, the West German government intended in the commercial sector. Employers need the personal to create a 12-digit personal identification number  (Peridentity code to report payment of wages to Finnish Tax sonenkennzeichen, PKZ)  for all citizens, registered alien Administration, the pension funds, etc. residents on its territory, as well as for all non-resident The number is shown in all forms of valid identification: Nazi victims entitled to compensation payments. The system, which was to be implemented by the 1973 federal law on civil registry, was rejected in 1976, when the  National ID card Bundestag found the concept of an identification system for the entire population to be incompatible with the ex Electronic national ID card (with a chip) isting legal framework.[23] In East Germany, a similar system named   Personenkennzahl  (PKZ) was set up in 1970  Driver’s license (old A6-size and new credit card- and remained in use until the state ceased to exist in 1990. size) •

•

•

•

  Passport

4.14 Greece

In Greece, there are a number of national identification During 1964–1970 the personal identity code was known numbers. as   Sosiaaliturvatunnus  (SOTU, Social Security number). The term is still widely in use unofficially (and in The standard identity card, which has the format Acorrectly). 999999 where A can be any of the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet, is issued to all Greek citizens at the age of 12. •

4.12 France

•

Main article: INSEE code In France, the INSEE code is used as a social insurance number, a national identification number, for taxation purposes, for employment, etc. It was invented under the Vichy regime.

•

 New Greek identity cards have a number formatted like this: XX-999999 where X is a letter, whose uppercase glyphoccurs in both theGreek andtheLatin alphabet (ABEZHIKMNOPTYX). The letters and numbers are assigned with sequential order. The Tax Identity Number (AFM - ΑΦΜ - Αριθμός Φορολογικού Μητρώου - Tax Registry Number),

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which is used by citizens and companies for tax purposes. It has nine digits, the last one of which is a check digit.

As the “Personal Identification Number” is considered to be unconstitutional, another identification form, the IDcard number is in use.

 The Social Security Number (AMKA - Αριθμός Μητρώου Κοινωνικής Ασφάλισης) which is the work and insurance ID of every employee, pensioner and dependent member of their family in Greece. Its first four digits is the owner’s date of birth in the mmyy format.[24]

So an average Hungarian has these identifiers: personal identification number, ID card identification number, social security number (“TAJ” number), tax identification number. They may also have passport identification number, driving license number.

4.16 Iceland

The ID card number is not unique and changes if the person gets a new identity card. The tax identity number Main article: is unique for every citizen and company. Social security Iceland number is also unique.

4.15 Hungary In Hungary, there is no national identification number. The Constitutional Court decided in 1991: “A general, uniform personal identification code which may be used without restriction (i.e. a personal number) distributed to every citizen and to every resident of the country based on an identical principle is unconstitutional.” [25] Although the universal use of national identification number (known as “Personal Identification Number”) is considered to be unconstitutional, it is still used in many places. The structure of such number is GYYMMDDXXXC, whereas G is the gender (1-male, 2-female, other numbers are also possible for citizens born before 1900 or citizens with double citizenship), YYMMDD is the birth date year, month, day, XXX is the serial number, and C is a checksum digit. The meanings of the first number: •

male, born between 1900 and 1999

•

 female, born between 1900 and 1999

•

 male, born before 1900 or after 1999

•

 female, born before 1900 or after 1999

Until 1997 also were used the following first numbers: •

•

•

•

National identification numbering in

All   Icelanders, as well as foreign citizens residing in Iceland and corporations and institutions, have a  Personal  Identification Number   (Icelandic:   Kennitala, lit.   identi fication number ) identifying them in the National Registry. The number is composed of 10 digits, of which the first six are the individual’s birth date in the format DDMMYY. The next two digits are chosen at random when the kennitala is allocated, the9th digitis a check digit,andthe last digit indicates the century in which the individual was born (for instance, '9' for the period 1900–1999, or '0' for the period 2000–2099). An example would be 1201743399, the person being born on the twelfth day of January 1974. The Icelandic system is similar to that in other Scandinavian and European countries, but the use of the identification number is unusually open and extensive in Iceland. Businesses and universities use the kennitala as a customer or student identifier, and all banking transactions include it. The National Registry ( Icelandic:  Þjóðskrá) oversees the system. A database matching names to numbers is freely accessible (after login) on all Icelandic online banking sites. Given this openness, the Kennitala is never used as an authenticator. It is worth noting that the completeness of the National Registry eliminates any need for Iceland to take censuses.

4.17 Ireland Main article: Personal Public Service Number

In Ireland the  Personal Public Service Number  (PPS No) is gaining the characteristics of a national identifica 5 male, foreign citizen living in Hungary, born be- tion number as it is used for a variety of public services tween 1900 and 1999 - although it is stated that it is not a national identifier and its use is defined by law. [26] The PPS No. is in the 6 female, foreign citizen living in Hungary, born be- basic form of 1234567T (PPS Numbers allocated from tween 1900 and 1999 1 January 2013 will have the format 1234567TA) and is unique to every person.  7 male, foreign citizen living in Hungary, born beFor certain public services the collection or retention of fore 1900 or after 1999 numbers of the general public is not allowed, thus  Garda 8 female, foreign citizen living in Hungary, born be- Siochána (Irish police) is only given an exemption for its fore 1900 or after 1999 own employees or other people defined under the Immi-

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4.19 Latvia

gration Act, 2003 - the latter who are people who are not 4.19 Latvia European Union nationals. Similarly the Irish Defence Forces may only collect and retain the number for their In Latvia the Personal Code (Latvian:   Personas kods ) consists of 11 digits in form DDMMYY-XNNNC where own employees. The PPS Number cannot be used for private or commer- the first six digits are person’s date of birth, the next one cial transactions. The number is used in the private sec- stands for a century person was born in (0 for XIX, 1 for tor, but is limited to a few procedures that lawfully re- XX and 2 for XXI), NNN is birth serial number in that quired the production of a number, for transactions with day, and C is checksum digit. public services and in this regard the private sector will be acting as the agent of a public body entitled to collect and retain the number. Thus, for instance, students who attend college or university will have their number (or other personal data) collected at registration - this will then be sent to Department of Social Protection to ensure that a student is not simultaneously claiming  social welfare. Banks may collect the number for the administration of accounts that give interest or tax reliefs which the state funds, through the Revenue Commissioners. A bank may not use the number as a customer identification number.

4.18 Italy Main article: Italian fiscal code card In Italy, the fiscal code (Italian:  Codice fiscale) is issued to Italians at birth. It is in the format “SSSNNNYYMDDZZZZX”, where: SSS are the first three  consonants in the family name (the first vowel and then an X are used if there are not enough consonants); NNN is the first name, of which the first, third and fourth consonants are used— exceptions are handled as in family names; YY are the last digits of the birth year; M is the letter for the month of birth—letters are used in alphabetical order, but only the letters A to E, H, L, M, P, R to T are used (thus, January is A and October is R); DD is the day of the month of birth—in order to differentiate between genders, 40 is added to the day of birth for women (thus a woman born on May 3 has ...E43...); ZZZZ is an area code specific to the  municipality where the person was born— country-wide codes are used for foreign countries; X is a parity character as calculated by adding together characters in the even and odd positions, and dividing them by 26. Numerical values are used for letters in even positions according to their alphabetical order. Characters in odd positions have different values.

4.20 Lithuania In Lithuania Personal Code (Lithuanian: Asmens kodas), like in Estonia, consists of 11 digits in the form GYYMMDDNNNC, where G is gender and century, YYMMDD is the birthday, NNN is birth serial number in that day, and C is checksum digit. The first number (G) shows both the person’s gender, and the first two digits of the birth year - odd for males, even for females. It is calculated adding 17 to even number divided bytwo, or adding one to odd number and dividing result by two. Females: * 2 - 17+2/2=18yy * 4 - 17+4/2=19yy * 6 - 17+6/2=20yy * 8 - 17+8/2=21yy Males: * 1 - 17+(1+1)/2=18yy * 3 - 17+(3+1)/2=19yy * 5 17+(5+1)/2=20yy * 7 - 17+(7+1)/2=21yy The checksum is calculated by using this formula (provided here as JavaScript code): // code[] is zero-based // i.e. code[0] is the first digit code = “3840915201"; // first 10 digits d = 0; e = 0; b = 1; c = 3; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { digit = code[i]; d += digit * b; e += digit * c; b++; if (b == 10) b = 1; c++; if (c == 10) c = 1; } d = d % 11; e = e % 11; if (d == 10) { if (e == 10) checksum = 0; else checksum = e; } else { checksum = d; }

4.21 Macedonia Main article: Unique Master Citizen Number Macedonia uses a 13-number identification code Unique Master Citizen Number (Macedonian:  Единствен матичен број на граѓанинот, acronym  ЕМБГ ).

The Unique Master Citizen Number is composed of 13 digits (DDMMYYYRRSSSC) arranged in six groups: A letter is then used which corresponds to the value of two digits (DD) for the citizen’s day of birth, two digthe remainder  of the division in the alphabet. An excep- its (MM) for the month of birth, last three digits (YYY) tion algorithm exists in case of perfectly matching codes of the year of birth, two digits (RR) as a registry numfor two persons. Issuance of the code is centralized to the ber, three digits (SSS) as a combination of the citizen’s number of birth, and one digit (C) as a Ministry of Treasure. The fiscal code uniquely identifies sex and ordinal [27] an Italian citizen or permanentlyresident alien, andis thus control number. used. However, since it can be calculated from personal The two digit registry number depends on the citizens information (whether real, or not), it is not generally re- place of birth. There are nine registry codes that define garded as an extremely reserved piece of information, nor the place of birth: 41 for the municipalities of  Bitola, as official proof of identity/existence of an individual. Demir Hisar and Resen; 42 for the municipalities of

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Kumanovo, Kratovo and Kriva Palanka; 43 for the municipalities of Ohrid, Struga, Debar and Kičevo; 44 for the municipalities of  Prilep,  Kruševo and Makedonski Brod; 45 for the City of Skopje; 46 for the municipalities of Strumica, Valandovo and Radoviš; 47 for the municipalities of Tetovo and Gostivar; 48 for the municipalities of Veles, Gevegelija, Kavadarci and  Negotino; and 49 for the municipalities of Štip, Berovo, Vinica, Delčevo, Kočani, Probištip and Sveti Nikole.

number to people having a duplicate one. The number does not contain any information about the person to whom it is assigned i.e. no information such as e.g. gender or date of birth can be derived from a BSN.

4.25 Norway There is no legal requirement for Norwegian nationals in Norway to obtain or carry any identification document or other proof of identity.

The combination of the citizen’s sex and ordinal number of birth ispresented as a 3 digit number - from 000 to 499 for the male, and from 500 to 999 for the female citizens. The Norwegian eleven digit Birth Number is assigned at birth or registration with the National Population Register . The last digit is a computer generated control digit. The register is maintained by the Norwegian Tax Office. It is composed of the date of birth (DDMMYY), a three digit  individual number , and two check digits. The indi4.22 Moldova vidual number andthe check digits arecollectively known In the Republic of Moldova, all citizens receive at birth a as the Personal Number . The birth number is written on Personal Code (IDNP - Numarul de Identificare), which identity documents, making it fairly safe to match a bank is composed of 13 digits. This code is shown on all iden- account or authority document to a person. The reason for calling it Birth Number, it that the tax offices usually tity documents: issue it to newborn children. •

Internal ID cards

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 Driving licenses

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  Passports

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The last check digit is calculated through an similar algorithm involving the 10 first digits:

 as well as all civil status documents: Birth certificates, Marriage certificates, Death certificates etc.

4.23 Montenegro

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Main article: Unique Master Citizen Number Montenegro uses a 13-number identification code  Jedinstveni matični broj građana/Јединствени матични број  грађана (JMBG) - Unique Master Citizen Number.

The individual number  is selected from a range depending on century of birth: for the years 1854– 1899 the range is 500-749, for the years 1900–1999 the range is 000-499, for the years 2000–2039 the range is 500-999. For the years 1940–1999, the range 900999 was also used for special purposes, such as adoptions from abroad and immigrants. Women are assigned even individual numbers, men are assigned odd individual numbers.

4.24 Netherlands Dutch Wikipedia:  nl:Burgerservicenummer  , nl:  Sofinummer 

 The first check digit is calculated through an algorithm involving modulo 11 of weighted sum of the nine first digits.

•

 People without permanent residence in Norway will be assigned a  D-number  upon registration in the population register. The D-number is like a birth number having 40 added to the day of month. D comes from the Norwegian name of an authority for sailors, which previously issued those numbers, usually to sailors on board Norwegian ships. Nowadays it is also often foreign seasonal workers e.g. in the tourist industry that get D-numbers.

In the   Netherlands, all people receive a   Burgerservicenummer (BSN)  (Citizen’s Service Number) when they are born. It is printed on driving licenses, passports and international ID cards, under the header  Personal Number . Before 2007, the BSN was known as  sofinummer  (the acronym sofi stands for  so-ciaal (social)  fi-scaal (fiscal) ). The number is unique. However, initially it was issued by regionally operating branches of the tax department which where all assigned ranges; in densely popu- 4.26 Poland lated areas the assigned ranges would overflow thus causing duplicate numbers. This mistake was corrected dur- Main article: PESEL ing the transition from SOFI to BSN by issuing a new

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4.31 Slovakia

In   Poland, a   Powszechny Elektroniczny System Ewidencji Ludności (PESEL) number is mandatory for all permanent residents of Poland and for temporary residents living in Poland for over 2 months. It has the form YYMMDDZZZXQ, where YYMMDD is the date of birth (with century encoded in month field), ZZZ is the personal identification number, X denotes sex (even for females, odd for males) and Q is a parity number.

Serbia uses a 13-number identification code Unique Master Citizen Number (Serbian: Јединствени матични број грађана/Jedinstveni matični broj građana, acronym JMBG).

4.28 Romania

The second system is the   Citizen’s Identification Card  Number   (Slovak:  Číslo občianskeho preukazu  (ČOP)) which is in the form AA XXXXXX (A-alphabetic, Xnumeric) and is used on ID cards. Identification Cards are issued by the state authority (police) for every citizen who reaches 15 years of age. In contrast to the Birth Number, this identifier can change over the citizen’s lifetime if a new ID card is issued, for reasons such as expiration, loss or change of residence. The ID number is used, among other things, for voter registration (because of the domicile record verification provided by the ID). A similar system, with both types of identification numbers, is used in the Czech Republic.

4.31 Slovakia

In Slovakia there are two kinds of National identification numbers. The first one is the  Birth Number   (Slovak: 4.27 Portugal Rodné číslo  (RČ)), issued at birth by the civic records authority (Slovak:   matrika) and recorded on the birth In Portugal, there is a  Fiscal Identification Number certificate. Its format is YYMMDD/XXXX with YYM(with the Portuguese acronym NIF). There are four main MDD being the date of birth and XXXX being a semiidentification numbers: Identity Number, Driver License unique identifier. For females, the month of the date of Number, Fiscal Number and Social Security Number. birth is advanced by 50. Full identification number in the All, except the Driver License Number are mandatory. form YYMMDDXXXX must be divisible by 11. Since The cards Identity Card, Fiscal Card, Social Security this system does not provide a truly unique identifier (the Card, Health Card and Voter’s Card have been merged numbers are repeated every century) and contains what into a single Citizen’s Card or Cartão do Cidadão. might be considered private information, it may be updated in the future.

In Romania each citizen hasa Personal Numerical Code (Cod Numeric Personal ,  CNP ), which is created by using the citizen’s gender and century of birth (1/3/5/7 for male, 2/4/6/8 for female and 9 for foreign citizen), date of birth (six digits, YYMMDD), the country zone (two digits, from 01 to 52, or 99), followed by a serial number (3 digits), and finally a checksum digit. The first digit encodes the gender of person as follows: The country zone is a code of Romanian county in alphabetical order. For Bucharest the code is 4 followed by the sector number.

To calculate the checksum digit, every digit from CNP is multiplied with the corresponding digit in number 4.32 Slovenia 279146358279; the sum of all these multiplications is then divided by 11. If the remainder is 10 then the check- Main article: Unique Master Citizen Number sum digit is 1, otherwise it’s the remainder itself. Example ======= Control = 279146358279 CNP = Slovenia  uses a 13-number identification code   Enotna 1800101221144 ^ checksum digit = 4 Checksum value matična številka občana  (EMŠO) - Unique Master Cit= 1 * 2 + 8 * 7 + 0 * 9 + 0 * 1 + 1 * 4 + 0 * 6 + 1 * 3 + 2 izen Number. * 5 + 2 * 8 + 1 * 2 + 1 * 7 + 4 * 9 = 136 Checksum digit It is composed of 13 digits as follows DDM= 136 mod 11 = 4. Valid CNP (the last digit is indeed 4). MYYYRRSSSX. DD - day of birth> MM - month of birth 4.29 San Marino YYY - year of birth, last three digits In San Marino there exists the Codice ISS (Istituto Si- RR - a constant value 50 curezza Sociale), which is composed of 5 digits. It is This is a remnant of Yugoslavia, a registry number that given to all San Marino citizens and permanent residents. marked the birth zone: - 00-09 – foreigners - 10-19 – Bosnia and Herzegovina - 20-29 – Montenegro 4.30 Serbia - 30-39 – Croatia (33 - Zagreb) Main article: Unique Master Citizen Number - 40-49 – Macedonia - 50-59 – Slovenia (only 50 is used)

16 - 60-69 – (not in use) - 70-79 – Serbia (71 - Beograd) - 80-89 – Province of Vojvodina (80 – Novi Sad) - 90-99 – Province of Kosovo SSS - serial number or combination of sex and serial numbers for persons born on the same day (000-499 for men and 500-999 for women) X - checksum of first 12

4.33 Spain In Spain, all Spanish citizens over 14 years old are issued with a National Identity Document  (Spanish:  Documento Nacional de Identidad  (DNI)), with a unique number, in the format 00000000-A (where 0 is a digit and A is a checksum letter). Since 2010, foreign nationals are no longer issued with identity cards, although they are assigned a number in the format X-0000000-A (again, 0 is a digit, A is a checksum letter, and X is a letter, generally X but lately also Y), called an  NIE Number ( Número de Identificación de Extranjeros , Foreigner’s Identity Number). The numbers are used as identification for almost all purposes. This is required for all transactions related with tax authority.

4 EUROPE 

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 The “AAA” digits encode the family name. The “BB” digits are equal to the last two digits of the year of birth. The“CCC” digits encode the birth day as a trimester number (1-4) followed by the number of the day in the trimester. An offset of 400 is added for female persons (e.g. 101 is January 1 for men and 501 is January 1 for women). The “DDD” digits are used to be an origin code depending which country the person came from and or if this person was a Swiss citizen through birth or naturalisation.

As of 2008, an anonymous thirteen-digit number is being issued to all Swiss residents. It is of the form 756.XXXX.XXXX.XY, where 756 is the  ISO 3166-1 code for Switzerland, XXXX.XXXX.X is a random number and Y is an EAN-13 check digit.[28]

4.36 Turkey

During the application for a national ID card, every Foreign nationals are required to use their passports to- Turkish   citizen is assigned a unique   personal identigether with the document containing their NIE number fication number   called   Turkish Identification Number (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kimlik Numarası  or abbreviated as T.C. Kimlik No. ), an 11-digit number with 4.34 Sweden two trailing check digits. This assignment is organized through the MERNIS (abbreviation for English: CenMain article: Personal identity number (Sweden) tral Personal Registration Administration System) project that started on 28 October 2000. The national ID card is In Sweden a Personal Identity Number  (Swedish:   person- compulsory for every citizen and is issued at birth. Parents need to register to the authorities with the child’s nummer ) is used in dealings with public agencies, from health care to the tax authorities. It is also used as a cus- birth certificate. tomer number in banks and insurance companies. It is The identification number is used by public institutions written on all approved identity documents, making the in their certificates and documents like   identity card, risk of mixing up people low. The number uses ten dig- passport, international family book, driving license, form its, YYMMDD-NNGC. The first six give the birth date and manifesto they issue to citizens. It is used by services in YYMMDD format. Digits seven to nine (NNG) are such as taxation, security, voting, education, social secuused to make the number unique, where digit nine (G) is rity, health care, military recruitment, and banking.[29] odd for men and even for women. The seventh and eighth digit (for numbers issued before 1990)identify the county of birth or foreign born people. Privacy related criticism 4.37 Ukraine caused this system to be abandoned for new numbers. Individual Identification Number is a 10 digit number issued by the tax administration. The first 5 digits represent 4.35 Switzerland birthday as the number of days since 01/01/1900. The last digit is a check digit. The algorithm is not publicly Since the introduction of a national pension scheme in revealed. Similar numbers are issued to residents and 1948, most persons resident in Switzerland are allocated foreigners. A person can opt out of receiving an India Social Security Number (AHV-Nr. [de] / No AVS vidual Identification Number based on religious or other [fr]), which is also used for other governmental purposes. beliefs, however it is associated with minor tax disadvanThe eleven-digit format in use since 1968 is of the form tages. The Individual Identification Numbers are issued AAA.BB.CCC.DDD and encodes information about the according to a Law of Ukraine 320/94-BP passed on Dename, birthdate and sex of its holder: cember 22, 1994.

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5.2 New Zealand 

4.38 United Kingdom Main article: National Insurance number There is no legal requirement in UK to obtain or carry any identification document or other proof of identity.

proposal for an Access Card to health and welfare benefits was abandoned in 2007 due to privacy concerns relating to identity theft and disclosure of information. The Medicare and tax file number identifiers are protected by strict privacy laws. [31][32]

A  National Insurance number, generally called an NI 5.2 New Zealand Number (NINO), is used to administer state benefits, but has not gained the ubiquity of its US equivalent, and is See also: NHI Number not considered proof of identity. The number is stylised as LL NN NN NN L, for example AA 01 23 44 B. In   New Zealand, an   Inland Revenue Department Each baby born in the  England and Wales is issued a (IRD) number  is issued by the IRD to every taxpayer National Health Service number, taking the form NNN- (a natural or juristic person), and is needed with dealings NNN-NNNN, for example 122-762-9255 (the last num- with the IRD. It must be given to any employer or bank ber being a check digit, not correct in the example  [30] ). responsible for charging withholding tax, and to apply for They were formerly of the style “LLLNNL NNN”, for or use a student loan.   Driver’s licences carry a unique example KWB91M 342, which continued patterns used number, often recorded when providing them as identifiin World War II identity cards. However, since National cation. Health Numbers often change when moving to a different part of the country and having to change General Prac- The social security and student support services of the titioners, the ratio is more often more (one person:many Ministry of Social Development (Work and Income, and numbers) than (one person:one number). The National StudyLink) issue a  Work and Income client number , Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT)hasalso assigned at the occurrence of a person’s first contact with either service. A general letter of enquiry about a service shown that one person can have many numbers. appears to be sufficient for one to be logged and may be Babies born in  Scotland  are issued a CHI (Commu- assigned without the letter writer’s knowledge. nity Health Index) number, taking the form DDMMYYNNNN, with the DDMMYY representing their date of A National Health Index (NHI) number is assigned to birth and a four digit unique number thereafter (e.g. all newborn New Zealanders at birth, and those who use someone born on 1 January 2010, would have the num- a health and disability support service that do not already ber 010110-NNNN, with the four digit number allo- have one. cated upon entering newborn details on to the local health The small population means a name and date of birth can board’s patient administration system). The third N is usuallyuniquely identify someone, though identity theft is even for females and odd for males. easily possible when two people share a name and birthdate.

5 Oceania 5.1 Australia As in the UK, there is no legal requirement to obtain or carry any identification document or other proof of identity. In Australia there is no universal identifying number for individuals. The closest to universal at present are: •

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 Medicare card number, for health services, although they may change regularly  Tax file number (TFN), for tax matters, including tax matters relating to non-citizens  State Driver’s License, for general matters, although if people have no driver’s license they can supply a Passport or other identity card information

The Australia Card proposal would have created a universal number for Australian citizens and permanent residents. That proposal was abandoned in 1987. A 2005

6 See also •

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 International identifiers (for companies)  Business Identifier Code (BIC/ISO 9362, a normalized code for trade, especially popular in banking area as the international Bank code - also known as Bank Identifier Code, Bank International Code and SWIFT code), ...

7 References [1]   http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/iw8ben.pdf [2]  http://www.irs.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/ U.S.-Taxpayer-Identification-Number-Requirement [3] SML-FX.COM.   “SAIDValidator”. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

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8 EXTERNAL LINKS 

[4] Independent Newspapers Online (2009-03-07). “Durban [29] “MERNİS Projesi hayata geçiyor/ Nüfus kayıtları bilgisaman tells of identity number woes - South Africa | IOL yarlara taşınıyor”.  Dünya Gazetesi  (in Turkish). 2000-10News”. IOL.co.za. Retrieved 2012-07-13. 24. Retrieved 2009-11-14. [5]

[30]

[6]  “Department of Home Affairs: Strategic Plan 2008–11 [31]  “Privacy and security”. Medicare Australia. 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2012-07-13. and Transformation Programme | Parliamentary Monitoring Group | Parliament of South Africa monitored”. [32]  “Tax File Numbers”. Privacy.gov.au. 2010-11-01. RePmg.org.za. 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2012-07-13. trieved 2012-07-13. [7]  “inss.gov.br”. inss.gov.br. Retrieved 2012-07-14. [8]  “Social Insurance Number Usage”. OnPayroll.ca. 26 August 2011. [9] David T.S. Fraser (1 September 2003). “New rules for using social insurance numbers” (PDF). McInnes Cooper law firm. [10] Kouri, Jim (March 9, 2005). “Social Security Cards: De Facto National Identification”. American Chronicle. [11] [12] “Compute Taiwan citizen and resident identification number checksums”. Jidanni.org. Retrieved 2014-03-09. [13] [14]  “Decision number 827 for way of coding and structure of citizens’ identity numbers”. Qpz.gov.al. 11 December 2003. [15] [16]  “Fehler 404”. Buergerkarte.at. Retrieved 2013-10-27. [17] [18] “OIB - Croatia”. Oib.hr. Retrieved 2012-07-13. [19]   “66 7.6.2002 Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o matičnom broju”. Narodne-novine.nn.hr. Retrieved 2014-03-09. [20] [21] “CPR’s udvikling gennem mere end 40 ar” (PDF). Datamuseum.dk. Retrieved 2014-03-08. [22]   “Personal identity code - Population Register Centre”. Vrk.fi. 1952-10-13. Retrieved 2014-03-09. [23] Verdict of the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), December 15., 1983, BVerfGE 65, 1. [24] “AMKA - What is the AMKA?". Amka.gr. Retrieved 2012-07-13. [25]   “Stream: Blog”. Privacy International. Retrieved 201207-13. [26] “Ireland: Department of Social Protection, PPS Number Legislation”. Welfare.ie. 25 July 2011. [27]  “YKA 3” (PDF). Mvr.gov.mk. Retrieved 2014-03-08. [28]   “Einführung der neuen AHV-Nummer”   (in German). Federal Office of Social Security. Retrieved 2008-12-07.

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RealVirtual.ro - free online Romanian national identification number ( Personal Numeric Code, Cod Numeric Personal - CNP)

8 External links •

 Guide to South African ID no. validation

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9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 9.1 Text •

National identification number Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20identification%20number?oldid=659053766  Contributors:   Palnatoke, Arpingstone, CesarB, Rahul~enwiki, Ahkitj, Frin, Andres, Dwo, Przepla, Gutza, WhisperToMe, Darkcore, Dale Arnett, Henrygb, Guy Peters, DavidCary, Ich, Tsca, Everyking, Alensha, Mboverload, Djegan, Gazibara, Eddpayne, Gschizas, Neutrality, Thorsten1, Klemen Kocjancic, Picapica, Thorwald, Dreamatalana, Juokelis~enwiki, Sladen, Cnyborg, Kooo, WegianWarrior, Spinal83, Swid, Syp, Mairi, CeeGee, Jpallan, Giraffedata, Irrawaddy, La goutte de pluie, Lailoken, Caeruleancentaur, Espoo, Musiphil, Eleland, Ctande, Burwellian, ProhibitOnions, RainbowOfLight, Vuo, Alai, Instantnood, Kirev, Blaxthos, Belirac, Dtobias, Novacatz, Sterio, AirBa~enwiki, Alanmak, Tabletop, Tapir2001, Jonasludvigsson, GregorB, Wayward, Wiki-vr, Havarhen, Graham87, BD2412, Sjö, Rjwilmsi, Gurch, RobyWayne, Valentinian, Benlisquare, Bgwhite, Rogertudor, Roygbiv666, Wavelength, Dnik, Snappy, StuffOfInterest, RussBot, IByte, Lord Voldemort, Gaius Cornelius, Rsrikanth05, Joel7687, Thiseye, Adamrush, Nlu, Sandstein, Deville, Petri Krohn, Yaco, Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, TestPilot, Nil Einne, Grawity, Hmains, Jacksonyguo, Chris the speller, Master of Puppets, Jstplace, Kevin Ryde, Nbarth, Mike hayes, Famspear, Vasilken, Beradrian, Muzi, BIL, Arun Philip, Derek R Bullamore, Sokolesq, Qasinka, Paul 012, Khazar, Jidanni, JethroElfman, Lapaz, 16@r, Catalinux~enwiki, Andhanq, Keycard, Joseph Solis in Australia, Plutix, Galadrien, Goran.S2, KimChee, ChrisCork, ShakespeareFan00, H0sting, CRGreathouse, CmdrObot, Except, Ofurrobbi, Raz1el, NTsilakis, Javiskefka, CoolCityCat, Ketorin, Alexandru.deva, Terbayang, Jaydenm, Rifleman 82, Starwarp2k2, Richardguk, Hebrides, Vladimirko, Nikopoley, IvanStepaniuk, JustAGal, Jirka6, JAnDbot, Clahabremen, PhilKnight, Joshua, 1g, Salinix, BuzzDog, Appraiser, Dima1, Tonyfaull, AlephGamma, EagleFan, Bernardlinde, Bibliophylax, Redleader, Budgee, Veritasliberabitnos~enwiki, Erpbridge, Van100j, Jargon777, J.delanoy, Sinissa, Tikiwont, Eliz81, Sincklation, Jerry, May0104, Lee Choquette, KylieTastic, Escla, Funandtrvl, Rhoerbe, Hgonzale, Dave Andrew, The Wild Falcon, Webkami, GroveGuy, Qxz, GeneralBelly, Majalinno, The dog2, !dea4u, S.Örvarr.S, Servant Saber~enwiki, Heb, Rave92, M. Lasse Cullen, Mwaisberg, Digwuren, Quest for Truth, Maxval, Correogsk, Isarmien~enwiki, Sphilbrick, Angelo De La Paz, ClueBot, EoGuy, Mild Bill Hiccup, GoEThe, Rprpr, Ericmars, Excirial, Mfa fariz, , Tortureduck, Mhockey, DumZiBoT, Stickee, NellieBly, Inkeri9, Piasoft, Addbot, Basilicofresco, Flyvholmoo, AndrewHZ, Auridia, SpellingBot, NjardarBot, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Totorotroll, Andublin, ZioNicco, Yobot, Xeex, AnomieBOT, Ciphers, Fatih36, Cossde, Kuwaity26, Identnmb, LilHelpa, Tom.magnussen, Obersachsebot, Nadhthota, Eboireau, Eugene-elgato, FrescoBot, George6996, , Idyllic press, CayenneGaramonde, Nemsis85, Sandcat01, Kiefer.Wolfowitz, Full-date unlinking bot, Barras, Gokulnath b2002, Mjs1991, HelenOnline, Lotje, Sussexonian, Trickytext, Malyadik, Humal, RjwilmsiBot, Artu165, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, Dewritech, GoingBatty, Botoxaki, Thecheesykid, Alpha Quadrant (alt), Anantmittal2, Pernalin, Chilukar, Bundawda, Helpsome, ClueBot NG, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Chrisminter, Feedintm, Widr, MerlIwBot, Jamie Tubers, Alorayed, 2001:db8, BG19bot, Murry1975, Dejan.Vesic, Adriaan Joubert, Mark Arsten, Iulian.butunoi, AStyle, Fylbecatulous, Pai Walisongo, Elias.alabri, Chriscollingwood613, Mogism, Delljvc, Benjaminarodriguezr, Wiki-Torf, Jamesmcmahon0, Tentinator, Didinutza, LT910001, Jongotlin, Mvhaha, GJDV, Jianhui67, Rekowo, Ravishyam Bangalore, OccultZone, Androoox, FriendlyCaribou, Krishtoffer, Gjthteh, Editsforpeace, Banks26, Kbleader, Rajiva singh and Anonymous: 381 −

9.2 Images •

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  File:Ambox_important.svg Source:   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg  License:  Public domain Contributors:  Own work, based off of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist:  Dsmurat (talk · contribs)   File:ApartheidPopulationGroups.jpg Source:  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/ApartheidPopulationGroups.jpg License:   Public domain Contributors:  Own work, photo of personal identity document of HelenOnline  Original artist:   HelenOnline, Government of South Africa   File:ID_Document.jpg Source:   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/ID_Document.jpg  License:  PD Contributors:  ?  Original  artist:  ?   File:Question_book-new.svg  Source:    http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg  License:    Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors:  Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion  Original artist:  Tkgd2007

9.3 Content license •

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0