Planetary Linguistics Names of the Planets English is generally recognized as the international language for professional professional astronomy. astronomy. However, the various languages often also have their own words which are used in everyday speech. English Sun OldEnglish Sunne Latin Sol Italian Sole Ligurian Sô Venetian Sołe Spanish Sol Galacian Sol Catalan Sol Portuguese Sol French Soleil Jèrriais Solé Provençal Solely Walloon Solea Romanian Soare Sicilian Suli Maltese Ix-Xemx Esperanto Suno German Sonne Low German Sünn Dutch Zon Alemannish.Sunne Yiddish Zun Limburgish Zon Kölsch Sunn W. Frisian Sinne Luxembourg.Sonn Afrikaans Son Scots Sun Swedish Solen Norwegian Sola Danish Solen Solen Icelandic Sól Faroese Sól Finnish Aurinko Albanian Dielli Estonian Päike Latvian Saule Hungarian Nap Czech Slunce old Czech Slunce Slovenian Sonce Croatian Sunce Serbian Sunce Polish Slonce Georgian Mze Russian Solnce Ukrainian Sontse Belarus. Sontsa Lithuanian Saulė Samogitian Saulė Bulgarian Slanze Basque Eguzkia Greek Helios Sanskrit Surya Gujarati Surya Bengali Surya Tamil Njaayar Thai Surya Irish Grian Sc. Gaelic Grian Welsh Haul Breton Heol Hebrew Shemesh Arabic Shams Turkish Günes Uzbek Quyosh Farsi Khorshid Cantonese Taiyeung Mandarin Taiyang Korean Taeyang Japanese Taiyou Filipino Araw Indonesian Matahari Malay Matahari Tahitian Mahana Hawaiian Laa Maori Rā Maori Nahuatl Tonatiuh Nahuatl Swahili Jua Xhosa iLanga Sesotho Letsatsi Sepedi Letsatsi Sepedi Tswana Letsatsi Zulu iLanga Sumerian Utu Babylonian Samas Klingon Sol
Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Mercurius Venus Eorðe Mōna Mars Iupiter Saturnus Mercurius Venus Terra Luna Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Mercurio Venere Terra Luna Marte Giove Saturno Urano Nettuno Plutone Mercuio Venere Tæra Luna Marte Giove Satûrno Uran Nettun Pluton Łuna Mercurio Venere Tera Marte Xove Saturno Urano Netuno Plutone Mercurio Venus Tierra Luna Marte Júpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutón Mercurio Venus Terra Lúa Marte Xúpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutón Mercuri Venus Terra Lluna Mart Júpiter Saturn Urà Neptú Plutó Mercúrio Vênus Terra Lua Marte Júpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutão Mercure Vénus Terre Lune Mars Jupiter Saturne Uranus Neptune Pluton Mèrtchure Vênus Tèrre Leune Mars Jupiter Saturne Uranus Nepteune Pliuton Mèrcure Vènus Tèrra Lena Mârs Jupitèr Saturno Urano Neptuno Pluton (Franco-Provençal) Mierkeure Venusse Tere Lune MÃ¥ss Djupiter Satûne Uranusse Nûton Pluton Mercur Venus Pamint Luna Marte Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Mircuriu Vèniri Terra Luna Marti Giovi Saturnu Uranu Nettunu Plutoni Merkurju Venere Id-Dinja il-Qamar Marte Gove Saturno Uranu Nettunu Plutone Merkuro Venuso Tero Luno Marso Jupitero Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutono Merkur Venus Erde Mond Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Merkur Venus Eer Maand Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Mercurius Venus Aarde Maan Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Merkur Venus Erde Mond Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto (Alemannisch) Merkur Venus Erd Levone Mars Yupiter Zaturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Mercuur Venus Eerd Maon Mars Jupiter Saturn Uraan Uraan Neptuun Pluto Merrkuur Veenuß Ääd Moond Mars Juppitter Satturr Nepptuun Pluuto ən Urranuß Merkurius Fenus Ierde Moanne Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto (West Frisian) Merkur Venus Äerd Mound Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto (Luxembourgish) Mercurius Venus Aarde Maan Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Mercur Mercur Venus Venus Yird Muin Maurs Jupiter Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Merkurius Venus Jorden Månen Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Merkur Venus Jorda Månen Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Merkur Venus Jorden Månen Mars Jupiter Jupiter Saturn Uranus Uranus Neptun Pluto Merkúr Venus Jörð Tungl Mars Júpíter Satúrnus Úranus Neptúnus Plútó Merkur Venus Jørðin Máni Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptun Pluto Merkurius Venus Maa Kuu Mars Jupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Merkuri Afërdita Toka Hëna Marsi Jupiteri Saturni Uranusi Neptuni Plutoni Merkuur Veenus Maa Kuu Marss Jupiter Saturn Uraan Uraan Neptuun Pluuto Merkurs Vene'ra Zeme Me'ness Marss Jupiters Saturns Ura'ns Neptu'ns Pluto Merkùr Vénusz Föld Hold Mars Jupiter Szaturnusz Uránusz Neptunusz Plútó Merkur Venuse Zeme Mesíc Mars Jupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluto Dobropan Krasopani Zeme Mesic Smrtonos Kralomoc Hladolet Nebestanka Nebestanka Vodopan Pluto Merkur Venera Zemlja Mesec Mars Jupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkur Venera Zemlja Mjesec Mars Jupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkur Venera Zemlja Mesec Mars Jupiter Jupiter Saturn Uran Uran Neptun Pluton Merkury Wenus Ziemia Ksiezyc Mars Jowisz Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkuri Venera Dedamizha Mthware Marsi Iupiteri Saturni Urani Neptuni Plutoni Merkurij Venera Zemlja Luna Mars Yupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkuriy Venera Zemlya Misyatsy Mars Yupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkury Venera Zyamlya Mesyats Mars Yupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton (Belarussian) Merkurijus Venera Zem Mėnulis Marsas Jupiteris Saturnas Uranas Neptūnas Plutonas ė ė Merkorėjos Ausrėnė Zem Mienolis Zėizdrė Jopėteris Soturns Urans Naptūns Plutuons Merkurij Venera Zemya Luna Mars Jupiter Saturn Uran Neptun Pluton Merkurio Artizar Lurra Ilargia Martitza Jupiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Pluton Hermes Aphrodite Gaea Selene Ares Zeus Kronos Uranos Poseidon Pluton Budha Sukra Dhara Chandra Mangala Brhaspati Sani Budh Shukra Prathivi Chandra Mangal Guru Shani Prajapathie Varun Yamdev Budh Shukra Prithivi Chand Mangal BrihaspatiShani Budan Vellhi Buumi Tingalh Sevvaay Viyaazhan Sani Budha Sukra Lok Chandra Angkarn Prhasbadi Sao Uranus Neptune Pluto Mearcair Véineas An Domhan Gealach Mars Iúpatar Satarn Uránas Neiptiún Plútón ¹n Mearcair Ribhinn An Talamh Gealach Corg Bliogh Satarn Urà nus Neiptià Pliùtò (Scottish Gaelic) Mercher Gwener Daear Lleuad Mawrth Iau Sadwrn Wranws Neifion Plwton Merc'her Gwener Douar Loar Meurzh Yaou Sadorn Ouran Neizhan Ploudon Kochav Chama Nogah Eretz Yareach Ma'adim Tzedek Shabtay Uranus Neptune Pluto Otaared Zuhra Ard Quamar Merrikh Mushtarie Zuhal Uraanus Niptuun Plutoon Merkür Venüs Dünya Ay Mars Jüpiter Satürn Uranüs Neptün Plüton Utorid Zuhra Yer Oy Mirrikh Mushtarij Zuhal Tir Naheed Zamin Mah Bahram Berjis Kayvon Oranos Nepton Pluton Suising Gumsing Deiqao Yueqao Fuosing Moqsing Tousing Tinwongsing Huoiwongsing Mengwongsing Shuixing Jinxing Diqiu Yueqiu Huoxing Muxing Tuxing Tianwangxing Haiwangxing Mingwangxing Soosung Kumsung Jeegoo Dal Hwasung Moksung Tosung Chunwangsung Haewangsung Myungwangsung Suisei Kinsei Chikyuu Tsuki Kasei Mokusei Dosei Ten'ousei Kaiousei Meiousei Merkuryo Venus Daigdig Buwan Marte Jupiter Saturno Uranus Neptuno Pluto Merkurius Venus Bumi Bulan Mars Yupiter Saturnus Uranus Neptunus Pluto Utarid Zuhrah Bumi Bulan Marikh Musytari Zuhal Uranus Neptun Pluto Taa'ero Ta'urua Fenua Marama Maunu'Ura Ta'urua-nui Feti'a Tea Ukaliali'i Hookuuloa Hookuuloa Honua Mahina Hookuu'ula Hookuu'ula Ka'aawela Makulu Hele'ekela Hele'ekela Nepekune 'Ilioki Meretūahiahi Marama Pareārau Whērangi Whiro Apārangi Papatuānuku Tūmatauenga Rongo Tangaroa Citlalpol Metztli Tezcatlipocacitlalli Ilhuicateocitlalli Mictlanteuccitlalli Payinalcitlalli Tlalticpactli Chichilcitlalli Tzitzimicitlalli Tlaloccitlalli Utaridi Zuhura Dunia Mwezi Mirihi Mshtarii Zohari uMetyhuri uVenasi uMhlaba iNyanga uMarsi uJupita iSateni uYurenasi iNephthuni uPluto Mekhuri Vinase Lefatshe Kgwedi Mase Jupita Satene Yuranese Nepetjhunu Puluto Mekhuri Mphatlalatsane Lefase Ngwedi Mmase Jupita Satuni Yurenuse Neputhuni Pluto Mekhuri Benase Lefatshe Ngwedi Mase Selemela Sathene Yuranase Nepetshunu Pholuto uMekhyuri uVinasi uMhlaba iNyanga uMarzi uNdonsakusa uSarthana uYurenasi uNephthuni uPlutho Udu-idim-gu-ud Nin-si-an-na Suen Si-mu-ud Mul-sag-me-gar Udu-idim-sag-us Sihtu Delebat Ersetu Sin Salbatanu Neberu Kayamanu merqurI' vIneS tera' luna ma'rIS ju'pIter Sa'tun yurey'neS neptun pulu'to'
Notes:
1. For brevity's sake I've omitted the articles articles commonly used in some languages. 2. The Mandarin and Cantonese words mean (approximately): "The Brightest; Star of Water; Star of Gold; Sphere of Ground (Earth); Sphere of Moon, Star of Fire; Star of Wood; Star of Soil (Dirt); Star of the King of Heaven; Star of the King of the Ocean; Star of the King of Hell". The Korean, Japanese, Mandarin and Cantonese lines are pronunciations. Note too, that since Uranus, Neptune and Pluto were discovered relatively recently, their names are just translations of the Western names. 3. Japanese and Korean use simple native words for "Moon" ("tsuki" "dal") but all the other planetary names in these two languages were imported from Chinese and have exactly the same meaning as explained for Mandarin and Cantonese. 4. The Chinese characters at the top of the page are the names of the solar system bodies in the same order as the table. The second set of characters at the top of the page is Hindi. To the right is Arabic script. 5. The apostrophe character in the Latvian line is a diacritical mark for a long vowel, which is a straight line over the letter. 6. I have been informed that Thai has many scientific and theologic terms taken from sanscrit. But the way it pronounced is far from the original. If one read names given above hardly anybody Thai would recognize them. Here is a more phonetical presentation of Thai celestial bodies: Sun = (1) suriya (mythological); (2) pra-atit (high language); (3) tawan (coloqual) Mercury = [dau]-put Venus = [dau-pra]-suk Earth = lok (also "world") Moon = [pra]-jan Mars = [dau]-angkan Jupiter = [dau]-parihat-bodi Saturn = [dau]-sau Uranus = [dau]-marita-yu Neptune = [dau]-ket Pluto = no native term, English used "Dau" or "dao" literally means "star". Need to add before name of the planet, beacuse those names also used for days of the week (dau-sau=Saturn, wan-sau=Saturday, wan=day). "Pra" is used for nominate a God (great, holy). Used for Sun and Moon as they are obviously not "dau" (stars). 7. Much of this was taken taken from the ASTROLANGUAGE mini dictionary of 300 astronomical terms compiled by Veikko Makela. The remainder was compiled from emails I've received from various folks around the world. Thank you all! 8. Special thanks to Sam Giloi who sent me the words in Alemannisch, Ligurian, Franco-Provençal, Scottish Gaelic, Yiddish, Nahuatl, Venetian, Limburgish, Jerriais, Kolsch, West Frisian, Walloon, Sicilian, Scots, Lithuanian, Samogitian, Low German, Luxembourgish, Maori, Faroese, Afrikaans, Zulu, Xhosa, Sesotho, Sepedi, Tswana, and Klingon! 9. See Peter Blinn's Blinn's Planetary Gazetteer for more 10. I would appreciate any additions or corrections to this table.
Adjectives The English adjectives relating to the planets do not always derive simply from the noun forms: Noun -----Sun Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
Adjectival form --------------Solar Mercurial Cytherean, Venerian Terrestrial, Telluric Lunar Martian, Arean Jovian Saturnian Uranian Neptunian Plutonian, Hadean
Days of the Week The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven known celestial bodies influence what happens on Earth and that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it. This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia, where astrology had been practiced for millennia and where seven had always been a propitious number. In A.D. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all, and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week. This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe: in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods: Celestial Body ------Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn
Latin -------Solis Lunae Martis Mercurii Jovis Veneris Saturni
Germanic god -------Tiu Wodan Donar Freya
modern modern English Italian --------- ---------Sunday domenica Monday lunedì Tuesday martedì Wednesday mercoledì Thursday giovedì Friday venerdì Saturday sabato
The Latin names for the weekdays survive in the modern Romance languages (though the weekend day names have been altered). Also, Japanese words for the days of the week also correspond indirectly to the same planets. However, Prof. Neves of Universidade Nova de Lisboa informs me that there are remarkable exceptions: at least in Hebrew, in Greek, in Arabic, and in Portuguese (and in languages that were informed by those, like the Timorese Tetum), the days of the week are numbered. Sunday is number one (or day of the Lord in Portuguese - Domingo- and in Greek -Kiriaki). Friday is number six (except in Arabic, which calls it Day of the Gatthering) and all 4 languages call Sabbath (Sabado,as-Sabt, etc) to Saturday.
