Muscles (Origin, Insertion and Action)

Muscles of the head and neck NAME Epicranius Frontalis

ORIGIN

INSERTION

ACTION

Galea  Aponeurotica  Aponeurotica

Skin above the supraorbital

Orbicularis Oculi Zygomaticus Major

Mastoid and Occipital Orbit Zygomatic bone

Margin Galea  Aponeurotica  Aponeurotica Circular Path of Orbit Angle of mouth

Zygomaticus Minor

Zygomatic bone

Upper lip

Buccinator  (Mastication) Orbicularis Oris

Maxilla and Mandible Maxilla and Mandible Maxilla Mandible Zygomatic Arch Temporal bone

 Angle of mouth

Inferior aspect of  the skull Inferior aspect of  the skull Sternum & Clavicle

Mandible

Closes and opens eyes Raises angle of mouth as in smiling Elevates upper lip Exposes maxillary teeth Compresses Compresses cheeks cheeks when blowing, whistling Closes mouth; mouth; puckers puckers the lips Elevates upper lip Depresses angle of mouth Raises jaw Closes jaw; elevates mandible Raises jaw

Mandible

Lowers jaw

Mastoid process of  the temporal

One muscle: Flexes head Both muscles: rotates the head towards the opposite side of the shoulder  Extends head and neck

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Occipitalis

Levatorlabiisuperiosis Levatorlabiisuperio sis Depressor Angulioris Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomasto id

Trapezius

Skull, Vertebral Column

 Angle of mouth Angle of mouth Angle of mouth Mandible Mandible

Scapula

Mentalis

Draws scalp anteriorly Raises eyebrows Wrinkles forehead Draws scalp posteriorly

Elevates and protrudes lower lip Frowning Moves the the ear  Extends and rotates head Overextends head & neck Inverts lower lip, angle of  mouth Elevates & retracts tongue Depresses & protracts tongue Retracts & elevates hyoid

Risorius  Auricularis  Auricularis Anterior Anterior Semispinales Capitis Splenius Capitis Platysma Styloglossus Genioglossus Stylohyoid Muscles of the trunk NAME Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis Scaleneus

ORIGIN Vertebrae, Pelvis

INSERTION Superior vertebra, ribs

ACTION Maintains erect posture of  the vertebral column

Cervical vertebra

First two ribs

Internal Intercostalis External Intercostalis Rectus Abdominis

Ribs Ribs Pubis

Next rib Next rib Sternum; 5 th & 7th rib

Raises ribs and expands thorax Expands Thorax Compresses thorax Flexes the vertebral

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Transversusaddominnis Internal Oblique External Oblique Trapezius Rhomboideus Levator Scapula Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor Teres Major Latissimusdorsi Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Diaphragm Levator Ani Spinales group of  muscles

Last 5 or 6 ribs Iliac Crest Last 8 ribs Skull, vertebral column Vertebrae Vertebrae Ribs Sternum, Clavicle, first 6 ribs Ribs Scapula Vertebrae

Pubis Last 3 ribs Iliac Crest Scapula

Scapula Scapula

Humerus Humerus

Scapula Scapula Scapula Greater Tubercle of  the humerus Scapula Humerus Humerus

column; Increases pressure of the abdomen Compresses abdomen Compresses abdomen Compresses abdomen Extends the head and rotates scapula Retracts the scapula Raises the scapula Protracts the scapula Prime mover of arm flexion; abducts 7 medially rotates arm Depresses the scapula Extends shoulder  Extends shoulder and adducts arm Abducts arm Extends and rotates arm Laterally rotates arm Regulates the breathing Defacation Maintains erect posture of  the vertebral column

Muscles of the upper extremities NAME Deltoid Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii

ORIGIN Scapula, Clavicle Coracoid Process of Scapula Humerus and Glenoid Fossa

Brachialis

Humerus

Brachioradialis

Humerus

Pronator Teres

Humerus and Coronoid Process of Ulna Medial Epicondyle of  Humerus Humerus

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Extensor Carpi Radialislongus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Palmaris Longus

Extensor Digitorum

Medial Epicondyle of  Humerus and Ulna Lateral Epicondyle of  Humerus Medial Epicondyle of  Humerus Lateral

INSERTION Humerus

ACTION Abduct arm; flexes and extends shoulder  Proximal Radius Flexes elbow; supinates arm Olecranon Process of  Extends forearm Ulna (antagonist of Biceps Brachii) Coronoid Process of  Flexes arm Radius Styloid Process of  Flexes forearm (Synergist Radius of Brachialis) Radius Pronates forearm 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

Flexes wrist and abducts hand

2nd and 3rd metacarpal Pisiform, Hamate, base of 5 th metacarpal

Extends and abducts wrist

5th Metacarpal

Extends and adducts wrist

Flexor retinaculum and palmar  aponeurosis Distal phalanges of

Weakly flexes hand at wrist longus

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Extends, adducts and

epicondyle of  Humerus

2nd and 5th digits

 Anconeus

flares fingers Extends forearm; stabilizes the elbow joint

 Antero-Medial Muscles of the hip and lower extremities NAME Iliopsoas Sartorius  Abductors: Magnus 

Longus Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis  

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Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Tibialis Anterior  

Extensor  Digitorumlongus Peroneus (Fibularis)

ORIGIN Vertebrae, Ilium Iliac Spine

Ischial and Pubic Rami Pubis Body of Pubis Pubis Greater  trochanter of  femur  Femur  Femur  Tibia Tibia and Fibula Fibula

INSERTION Femur Tibia

Linea Aspera of  Femur 

ACTION Flexes hip Flexes and laterally rotates hip; flexes knee  Abducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh (synergist of thigh extension) Extends knee & flexes hip Extends knee

Ischial Tuberosity Extends knee Extends knee 1 st Cuneiform and 1 st metatarsal Distal Phalanges

Dorsiflexes foot (prime mover) and Inverts foot Dorsiflexes foot

Tarsal and Metatarsals

Plantar flexes and everts foot

Posterior muscles of the hip and lower extremities NAME Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Tensor Fasciae Latae Hamstrings Biceps Femoris 

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Semitendonisus

Semimembranos us Gastrocnemius 

Soleus Plantaris

ORIGIN INSERTION Ilium, Sacrum and Greater Trochanter of  Coccyx Femur  Ilium Greater Trochanter of  Femur  Iliac Crest Tibia

ACTION Extends and laterally rotates thigh  Abducts and medially rotates thigh Flexes and abducts thigh

Ischial Tuberosity and Femur  Ischial Tuberosity

Head of Fibula

Ischial Tuberosity

Proximal Tibia

Femur and Knee Capsule Tibia and Fibula Femur

Calcaneus

Extends thigh and laterally flexes knee Extends thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg Extends thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg Plantar flexes foot

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

Proximal Tibia

Calcaneus Calcaneus

Plantar flexes foot Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee joint

NAME Levatorani Pubococcygeus

Pubis

Coccyx, Anal Canal, Urethra 7 central tendon of perineum

Iliococcygeus Coccygeus

Iliac Spine Ischial Spine

Coccyx Lower sacrum and coccyx

Superior transverse perineus Bulbospongiosus

Ischial Tuberosity

Central tendon of  perineum Males: corpus spongiosum of penis

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ORIGIN

Central tendon of  perineum

INSERTION

Females: pubic arch and clitoris Ischiocavernosus

Ischial Tuberosity

Penis or Clitoris

ACTION Constricts anus, urethra and vagina; Resists Increased intra-abdominal pressure; Supports fetal head during childbirth

Supports pelvic viscera; resists intra-abdominal pressure; pulls coccyx anteriorly after defacation or childbirth Stabilize central tendon of  perineum Males: aids in urine and semen expulsion; erection of penis Females: constricts vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris Erection