MS General Surgery Question Bank

M.S. GENERAL SURGERY QUESTION BANK QUESTIONS COMPILED CHAPTER-WISE FROM PAST 30 YEARS (1982-2012) M.S. GENERAL SURGERY PAPERS ( R.G.U.H.S )

Compiled by Dr. Deevish N D (Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute)

FREE SOFT COPY

M.S. GENERAL SURGERY QUESTION BANK

QUESTIONS COMPILED CHAPTER-WISE FROM PAST 30 YEARS (1983-2012) M.S. GENERAL SURGERY PAPERS ( R.G.U.H.S )

FREE SOFT COPY Compiled by: Dr. Deevish N.D (Post Graduate, M.S. General Surgery, B.M.C.R.I)

Available only at: PRITHVI BOOK STORE Opp. Vanivilas hospital, K.R.Road, Bangalore-560002. Phone: (080) 26703939, (080) 26700952.

M.S. GENERAL SURGERY QUESTION BANK Compiled by Dr. Deevish N.D E-mail: [email protected]

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1st edition: November 2012

Note: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without the permission.

For free distribution. Not to be sold.

Dedicated to my parents, my friends and my beloved brother

Acknowledgments… To the people who made this dream a reality • Dr. Abhishek V • Dr. Abhay Kattepur • Dr. Ajith T • Dr. Aniketh Venkatram • Dr. Giridhar A • Dr. Medha Sugara • Dr. Rajeev P • Dr. Ramakrishna K • Dr. Rohith S • Dr. Thejas S K • Dr. Vinod Kumar P • Dr. Vishnu Kurpad With proud privilege and deep sense of respect I like to express my gratitude and indebtedness to my teacher and guide Dr. B.S. Shivaswamy, Professor and Head, Department of General Surgery, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute for his constant inspiration and support. I am immensely thankful to Dr. T. Durganna, President, Surgical Society of Bangalore for permitting me to release the book on the occasion of Prof. B. Hanumaiah Memorial CSEP programme 2012 organised by ASI-KSC Bangalore city chapter.

My sincere thanks to my Professors Dr. T. Durganna, Prof. Dr. Mohan Ullikashi, Prof. Dr. Ramesh M Tambat, Prof. Dr. P.R Thippeswamy Naik, Prof. Dr. M.K. Ramesh and Prof. Dr. Suresh Chandu for their valuable guidance. I am thankful to Dr. Rajashekara Babu, Dr. Santhosh C.S, Dr. C.S Rajan, my senior PG’s Dr. Harsha, Dr. Nataraj, Dr. Abhay, Dr. Rohith and my colleagues Dr. Aniketh V and Dr. Udaya Ravi. I would like to extend my gratitude to all the faculty members of Department of General Surgery, BMCRI for their constant support and encouragement. I express my gratitude to my parents whose blessings and constant encouragement have always been with me. I owe this work to everyone who contributed individually. Any oversight is purely unintentional. Last but not least, I am grateful to my friends Dr. Shruthi and Dr. Divyashree who have been the source of inspiration throughout my endeavour. - Dr. Deevish N.D

INDEX PAPER I 1

INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY & BASIC SURGICAL PRINCIPLES

1

2

WOUNDS, TISSUE REPAIR AND SCARS

1

3

ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY SURGERY

2

4

CRITICAL CARE, ACUTE RESUSCITATION AND SUPPORT

3

5

FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE

6

6

NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT AND REHABILITATION

6

7

ANAESTHESIA AND PAIN RELIEF

7

8

WOUND INFECTION & SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

9

9

IMMUNOLOGY AND TRANSPLANTATION

11

10

TUMOURS, CYST, ULCER, SINUS

12

11

SKIN AND BURNS

15

12

ARTERIAL DISORDERS

17

13

VENOUS DISORDERS

19

14

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS

20

15

DAY CARE SURGERY

21

16

MISCELLANEOUS

21 PAPER II

17

FACE, MOUTH, CHEEK, TONGUE

24

18

TEETH, GUM, EAR, JAW, NOSE AND SINUSES

25

19

ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

26

20

SALIVARY GLANDS

27

21

PHARYNX AND LARYNX

29

22

NECK

29

23

THYROID GLAND

31

24

PARATHYROID AND ADRENALS

34

25

BREAST

36

26

THORAX

40

27

HEART AND PERICARDIUM

43

PAPER III 28

ANASTOMOSES

43

29

OESOPHAGUS

44

30

STOMACH AND DUODENUM

47

31

LIVER

50

32

GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS

53

33

SPLEEN

56

34

PANCREAS

57

35

PERITONEUM, MESENTRY ,OMENTUM AND RETROPERITONEUM

59

36

SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE

60

37

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

64

38

APPENDIX

65

39

RECTUM

66

40

ANUS AND ANAL CANAL

67

41

HERNIA, UMBILICUS, ABDOMINAL WALL

69

42

PRINCIPLES OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

71

PAPER IV 43

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

71

44

DISEASES OF BONE AND JOINT

73

45

TUMOURS OF BONE AND JOINT

74

46

HAND

74

47

FOOT

75

48

SPINE AND SPINAL CORD

76

49

NERVES

77

50

CRANIUM (SCALP, SKULL, BRAIN)

78

51

URINARY SYMPTOMS, INVESTIGATION OF URINARY TRACT, ANURIA

79

52

KIDNEY AND URETERS

80

53

URINARY BLADDER

84

54

URETHRA AND PENIS

85

55

PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES

86

56

TESTIS AND SCROTUM

87

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank IMPORTANT Questions of the past 18 years (1994-2012) are in Normal font Questions of previous 12 years (1982-1993) are in Italic font

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe the biochemical basis of wound healing. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Informed consent

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2. WOUNDS, TISSUE REPAIR AND SCARS

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1. INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY & BASIC SURGICAL PRINCIPLES

LONG QUESTIONS 1. What are the facilitating and interfering factors in wound healing? How can adverse scars be prevented or managed? 2. Describe the biological process of wound healing. Discuss the factors affecting wound healing.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Classification of operative wounds and the role of prophylactic antibiotics 2. Classification of wounds 3. Factors causing wound dehiscence 4. Keloids 5. Postoperative tetanus 6. Wound dehiscence 7. Wound healing

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 3. ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY SURGERY LONG QUESTIONS 1. A 22 yr old man came with history of RTA presents with pallor and dyspnea on admission at the causality. How do you proceed to evaluate this patient? 2. A 45 yr old man comes to the casualty with history of fall from height. On examination he is in shock and has abdominal guarding and rigidity. Discuss the management of this patient. 3. A 50 yr old man presents with gunshot injury to the chest with entry point at the level of right nipple. Discuss the management. 4. Crush syndrome. 5. Discuss blunt trauma abdomen. 6. Discuss briefly the evaluation of severity of trauma. Classify splenic injury and discuss its management. 7. Discuss briefly the management of a patient admitted with multiple injuries following a RTA. 8. Discuss causes of hemoperitoneum and its management. 9. Discuss etiology, clinical features and management of extradural hematoma. 10. Discuss management of blunt injury abdomen. 11. Discuss management of crush injury of the leg. 12. Discuss management of gunshot injury to left hypochondrium. 13. Discuss management of penetrating injury abdomen. 14. Discuss the indication of surgical intervention in head injury and outline the operative procedures. 15. Discuss the management of a 60 yr old man presenting in shock after blunt trauma to epigastrium. 16. Discuss the management of an injured patient with multiple system involvement. 17. Discuss the management of major abdominal trauma with special reference to resuscitation and surgery for liver trauma. 18. Discuss the mechanism of blunt injury abdomen and its general management. 19. Metabolic response in trauma. 20. Trauma scoring system.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank

SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Air embolism 2. Apache scoring 3. Basic principle of hand injury 4. Blast injuries 5. Carotid artery blowout and its prevention 6. Concept of brain stem death 7. Crush injury of leg 8. Crush syndrome 9. Extradural hematoma 10. Fat embolism 11. Flail chest 12. Gun shot injury of left hypochondrium 13. Hemoperitoneum 14. Lucid interval 15. Missile injuries 16. Myoplastic amputation 17. Organisation of trauma services 18. Organization of accident injuries 19. Plan management of major disaster 20. Trauma scoring system 21. Triage

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4. CRITICAL CARE, ACUTE RESUSCITATION AND SUPPORT LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify surgical wounds. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and treatment of tetanus. 2. Complications of blood transfusion and their management. 3. Define and classify shock. How do you manage hypovolemic shock? 4. Define massive blood transfusion and its problems. 5. Define massive blood transfusion. How do evaluate upper GI bleed in a 25yr old factory worker? What are your priorities in management of bleeding esophageal varices? 3

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21. 22.

Describe mechanism of blood coagulation. Describe the clinical features and management of septic shock. Describe the syndrome of septic shock and its management. Discuss blood transfusion and disorders of surgical bleeding. Discuss different type of shock. Describe the management of hemorrhagic shock. Discuss different types of shock. Describe the management of patient in septic shock. Discuss mechanisms to control hemorrhage. Classify shock and discuss the management of hemorrhagic shock. Add a note on Vitamin K use in hemorrhage. Discuss the etiology and management of renal failure in surgical patient. Discuss the metabolic response of human body to surgical injury. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of septic shock. Add a note on ARDS. Discuss the pathophysiology of shock and describe the management of endotoxic shock. Discuss the problems of massive transfusion. Discuss the various indications and complications of transfusion of blood and its products add note on management of their complication. Indications and contraindications of blood transfusion. Mention the complications of blood transfusion and their management. Recent advances in management of burn injuries and current role of surgery. What are the complications that may follow blood transfusion? How will you suspect AIDS?

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. ARDS 2. Anaphylactic shock 3. Artificial blood 4. Artificial ventilation 5. Auto transfusion 4

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Autologous blood transfusion Blood coagulation Blood fractions Blood substituent Blood transfusion reactions Cardiac arrest Cardiac resuscitation Central venous pressure CPR management CVP & pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Disseminated intravascular coagulation Electrolyte and acid base imbalance following ureterocolic anastomosis Fat embolism Glasgow coma scale Gram negative shock Hyperbaric oxygen Hyperchloremic acidosis Hyponatremia Hypothermia Lomodex Lucid interval Management of SIRS Massive blood transfusion Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic coma Metabolic response to trauma MODS Nitrogen balance Oxygen therapy Problems in massive transfusion Reactionary hemorrhage Septic shock Septicemic shock SIRS

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 41. 42. 43. 44.

Surgical intensive care unit Tetany Vasoactive drugs in shock Water intoxication

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5. FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the indications for blood transfusion, the risks and hazards and its management in polytrauma. 2. Discuss fluid and electrolyte balance in a normal man. 3. Discuss the fluid and electrolyte management of surgical patient. 4. Discuss metabolic response to trauma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acidosis and surgeon 2. Autologous blood transfusion 3. Complications of blood transfusion 4. Fresh frozen plasma 5. Hyperkalemia 6. Lomodex 7. Metabolic acidosis 8. Metabolic alkalosis 9. Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock 10. Peritoneal dialysis 11. Postoperative anuria 12. Potassium balance

6. NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT AND REHABILITATION LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe the indications, management and complications of total parenteral nutrition. 6

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 2. Discuss indications, methods and monitoring TPN in a surgical patient. Elaborate complications of TPN. 3. Discuss the indications, methods and monitoring of total parenteral nutrition in a surgical patient. Elaborate on the complications of total parenteral nutrition. 4. Discuss the management of trauma in elderly including rehabilitation. 5. Discuss the nutritional assessment of a surgical patient. Discuss the modes of administration and complications of enteral and parenteral nutrition. 6. Discuss the post-operative management following abdominal surgeries. 7. Discuss the problems of nutrition in surgical patients. 8. Essay on parenteral nutrition 9. Mention various procedures of enteral nutrition. 10. Write the management of nutrition in a patient of high output enterocutaneous fistula. Write the various parameters to assess the nutritional status of a surgical patient.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Central venous pressure 2. Complications of TPN 3. Describe recent trends in fluid replacement of surgical patients. Whats new in the management of burns? 4. Enteral feeding 5. Enteral nutrition 6. Fluid replacement in burns 7. Intralipids 8. Nitrogen balance 9. Nutritional assessment 10. Parenteral hyperalimentation 11. Parenteral nutrition 12. Total parental nutrition

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe spinal anesthesia and its complications. 2. Describe various types of anesthesia - their indications and complications. 3. Discuss the indications and management of complications various types of anesthesia. 4. Discuss the management and complications of general anesthesia. 5. Merits and demerits of spinal anesthesia. How do you prevent and treat the complications? 6. Regional anesthesia-discuss usefulness and its limitations. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery 2. Bier’s block 3. Continuous epidural anesthesia 4. Epidural anaesthesia 5. Epidural block 6. General anesthesia 7. Halothane 8. Hypotensive anesthesia 9. Immunosuppressive drugs 10. Intravenous analgesia 11. Ketamine 12. Local anesthesia and its complications 13. Malignant hyperthermia 14. Mechanical ventilation 15. Mendelson’s syndrome 16. Muscle relaxants during surgery 17. Neuroleptics 18. Pain control in malignant diseases 19. Patient controlled analgesia 20. Perioperative pain relief 21. Post operative fever 22. Post operative pain management 23. Post operative pain relief 24. Post spinal headache

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 25. Regional anesthesia 26. Seldinger’s technique 27. Somatostatin 28. Spinal anesthesia 29. Spinal anesthesia and its complications 30. Topical anesthesia

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8. WOUND INFECTION & SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify surgically created wounds. 2. Clinical features of tetanus. 3. Describe briefly the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. What are surgical complications of amoebiasis? Discuss pathology, clinical features and management of intestinal amoebiasis. 4. Describe the biological process of wound healing factors that influence wound healing. Classify wounds and outline management of each type of wound. 5. Discuss abdominal tuberculosis. 6. Discuss care of a diabetic foot and describe in detail the management of a 55 yr old male patient with diabetic gangrene of forefoot. 7. Discuss nosocomial infection and various measures for infection control in surgery. 8. Discuss pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management of acute necrotizing fasciitis. 9. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, types, clinical features and management of a case of tetanus. 10. Discuss the factors contributing to abdominal wound dehiscence and the management. 11. Discuss the pathology and management of diabetic foot. 12. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of infection in a surgical patient. 13. Discuss the surgical complications of diabetes mellitus. Discuss the management of infected diabetic foot.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 14. Discuss the surgical management of tuberculosis. 15. Discuss venereal diseases. How do you diagnose AIDS? 16. Discuss venereal diseases. How is AIDS diagnosed? 17. How do you suspect AIDS? 18. Indicate surgical problems in diabetic patient. Discuss the management of diabetic foot. 19. Outline the procedure you would adopt in surgical practice to prevent and control HIV infection. 20. Post-operative infections- prevention and management. 21. What are biohazard infections? Describe one of them. Outline your recommendations for screening and prevention of biohazardous infections in surgical ward.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acid fast bacilli 2. Actinomycosis 3. AFB 4. AIDS 5. AIDS and surgeon 6. Amputation 7. Anaerobic infection 8. Antibiotic prophylaxis 9. Antibiotics in surgery 10. Bacteremia, septicaemia 11. Burst abdomen 12. Carbuncle 13. Cellulitis 14. Cephalic tetanus 15. Cephalosporins in intraabdominal sepsis 16. Clinical features and management of tetanus 17. Cross infections 18. Diabetic foot 19. Dracunculiasis 20. Dry gangrene 21. Empyema necessitans 22. Enteric fever

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 23. Filariasis- life cycle 24. Gas gangrene 25. Gram negative septicaemia 26. Hidradenitis suppurativa 27. Hospital acquired infection 28. Hydatid cyst 29. Hydatid disease in man 30. Hyperbaric oxygen 31. Infections in immunocompromised patients 32. Keloid 33. Lymphangitis 34. Mycetoma foot 35. Necrotizing fasciitis 36. Nosocomial infections 37. Nosocomial infections 38. Opportunistic infections 39. Post-operative fever 40. Pre gangrene 41. Precautions in surgery of HIV patients 42. Pressure sores 43. Pseudomembranous colitis 44. Psoas abscess 45. Subphrenic abscess 46. Surgery in leprosy 47. Surgical complications of typhoid fever 48. Synergistic spreading gangrene 49. Syphilis 50. Tetanus 51. Toxic shock syndrome 52. Wet gangrene

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9. IMMUNOLOGY AND TRANSPLANTATION LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe autoimmunity. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of autoimmune thyroiditis. 11

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 2. Describe latest trends in renal transplantation. 3. Discuss the indication and effectiveness of tissue and organ transplantation in surgery. 4. Discuss the management of general surgical procedures in a patient who has had liver or kidney transplantation. 5. Discuss the principles of renal transplantation. How do you manage the complications following transplantation? 6. Immunosupressive Therapy.

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10. TUMOURS, CYST, ULCER, SINUS

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation 2. Interferons 3. Liver transplantation 4. Monoclonal antibodies 5. Organ procurement 6. Renal transplantation and postoperative complications 7. Tissue typing

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify soft tissue sarcoma. Discuss the etiology, pathology, mode of spread and management of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 2. Classify the tumors and cysts of mandible and briefly describe their management. 3. Discuss lymphomas. Describe the clinical features, staging and management of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. 4. Discuss the benign pigmented lesions of skin and the management of malignant melanoma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Adamantinoma 2. Adenoma 3. Amoeboma 4. Angiosarcoma 12

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Antibioma APUD cell tumors APUDomas Basal cell carcinoma Benign and malignant tumors Benign tumors Boil Branchial sinus Branchial cyst Burkitt’s lymphoma Carbuncle Carcinoid tumor Carcinoid tumour Chancroid Chordoma Chronic sinus- chest wall Classification of soft tissue sarcomas Classify soft tissue sarcomas Classify ulcers Clinical features and diagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma Cock’s peculiar tumor Cold abscess Collar stud abscess Complications of immunosuppresion Compound palmar ganglion Cystic hygroma Cysts Dercum’s disease Dermofibrosarcoma protruberance Dermoid cyst Desmoid tumor Electric burns Fibroma Fistulogram Glomus tumor Haemangioma

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.

Hamartoma Hemangioma Hiradinitis suppurativa Hunner’s ulcer Hypertrophic scar Impetigo Implantation dermoid Kaposi’s sarcoma Keloid Lingual and sublingual dermoid. Lipoma. Lipoma arborescence. Liposarcoma Malignant tumors Management of carcinoid tumor Marjolin’s ulcer Multiple myeloma Neck swellings Neuroblastoma Neurofibroma Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma Oncogenes Plexiform neurofibroma Pott’s puffy tumor Pressure sores Principles and management of soft tissue sarcomas Raspberry tumor Retention cyst Rodent ulcer Sebaceous cyst Squamous cell carcinoma Thyroglossal cyst Thyroglossal fistula TNM classification Trophic ulcer Tumor markers

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 77. Turban tumor 78. Ulcers around the ankle joint

11. SKIN AND BURNS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. A 40 year old female patient is brought to the casualty department with superficial to deep burns involving 55% of her body surface area including the facial region. She weighs 65 kgs. Describe the management of this patient in detail. 2. Changes in human body with 60 % burns. 3. Classify burns. Discuss the management of a case of acute burns. 4. Classify burns. What are the various synthetic and biologic dressings for burns? Write the fluid resuscitation for a patient with 40% Burns. 5. Classify neavi. Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical features and management of malignant melanoma. 6. Clinical features and role of immunotherapy in lower limb melanoma. 7. Describe clinical varieties of malignant melanoma. Discuss management of melanoma of sole of foot- stage IIb. 8. Describe the aetiology, pathology, clinical features and management of cutaneous malignancies. 9. Describe the various types of skin grafting. Discuss merits and demerits of each one of them. 10. Discuss clinical types, investigations and treatment of malignant melanoma. 11. Discuss the changes in human body after 60% burns. 12. Discuss the etiology and management of malignant melanoma. 13. Discuss the patho-physiology of burns. How do you manage a case of 40% burns? 14. Discuss type and mechanism of burn injury and local and general effects. 15. Enumerate the pathology, clinical features, investigation and management of malignant melanoma.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 16. Etiology, clinical features and management of cutaneous malignancies. 17. Etiology, clinical features and management of melanoma. 18. Etiology, natural history and management of malignant melanoma of foot with special emphasis on diagnosis and prognostic indicators. 19. How will you classify burns? Discuss the pathophysiology of burns shock and its management with special reference to face and neck. 20. How will you classify skin tumors? Discuss management of malignant melanoma foot. 21. Pathophysiology and management of burns. 22. Recent advances in management of burns and role of surgery. 23. Recent advances in the management of Burn injuries and current role of surgery. 24. Stage III malignant melanoma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Amelanotic melanoma 2. Basal cell carcinoma 3. BCC of face 4. Bed sore 5. Chemotherapy for melanoma 6. Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma 7. Complications of burns and management 8. Fluid therapy in burns 9. Full thickness skin graft (Wolfe) 10. Haemangioma 11. Isolated limb perfusion 12. Keloid 13. Lupus vulgaris 14. Malignant melanoma 15. Management of 45% burns in a 50kg lady 16. Marjolin ulcer 17. Melanoma of great toe 18. Myocutaneous flap 19. Pathology of skin tumors

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 20. Pectoralis major flap 21. Pigmented skin lesion 22. Pigmented skin lesions -grading and staging of melanoma 23. Pre malignant conditions of skin 24. Precancerous skin lesion 25. Recent advances in management of burns 26. Rodent ulcer 27. Rule of nine 28. SCC 29. Skin graft 30. Skin grafting 31. Split thickness skin grafting 32. Surgery in burns

12. ARTERIAL DISORDERS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify aneurysms. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. 2. Classify aneurysms. Enumerate the clinical features of abdominal aortic aneurysms and write the management. 3. Define critical limb Ischemia (CLI). Discuss clinical features and management of CLI in a 40 year old patient and symptoms of rest pain and ulcer in the leg of 30 days duration. Add a note on bypass procedures of the lower limb. 4. Describe gangrene. Discuss etiology, clinical features, investigations and management of a patient with critical limb ischemia. 5. Discuss acute arterial occlusion in a lower limb. 6. Discuss arterial replacements. 7. Discuss percutaneous angioplasty. 8. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigation and treatment of thromoboangitis obliterans. 9. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of infra renal aortic aneurysm.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 10. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of acute limb Ischemia. 11. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome. 12. Discuss the etiology, pathology and management of gangrene of upper limb. 13. Discuss the etio-pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Buerger’s disease. 14. Discuss the management of a localised blood in lower half of femoral artery. 15. Discuss the recent advances in management of vascular disorders. 16. How a 45 years old patient with unilateral chronic ischemia of lower limb should be investigated and treated? 17. How do you evaluate a limb for vascular insufficiency? 18. How will you assess and classify critical limb ischemia? Discuss its management. 19. What are the clinical features of acute arterial occlusion? Discuss the management of superficial femoral occlusion due to atherosclerosis. 20. What is critical limb ischaemia? How do you manage a case of 40 years old man with chronic lower limb ischaemia?

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Aneurysms 2. Angioplasty 3. Aortic dissection 4. Arterial reconstruction 5. Arteriovenous fistula 6. AV fistula 7. AV malformation 8. Balloon angioplasty 9. Buerger’s disease 10. Carotid body tumor 11. Carotid body tumour 12. Cirsoid aneurysm 13. Co-arctation of aorta

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 14. Critically ischaemic lower limb 15. Digital subtraction angioplasty 16. DSA 17. Haemangioma 18. Indications of A-V fistula 19. Investigations of arterial disease 20. Mesenteric artery stenosis 21. Pathophysiology and management of critically ischaemic limb 22. Profundaplasty 23. Recent concepts in management of abdominal aortic aneurysm 24. Restorative endaneurysmorrhaphy 25. Sapheno varix 26. SEPS for varicose veins 27. Therapeutic embolisation 28. Therapeutic vascular embolisation 29. Thromboangitis obliterans 30. Thrombosis of subclavian vein 31. Vascular stent 32. Vasogastic diseases

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13. VENOUS DISORDERS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify various veins. Discuss the surgical anatomy, pathophysiology, complications and management of varicose veins. 2. Discuss etiology and management of DVT. 3. Discuss predisoposing factors, clinical features and management of deep vein thrombosis. 4. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigations, treatment and complications of varicose veins. 5. Discuss the clinical features and management of deep vein thrombosis affecting the lower extremity. 6. Discuss the etio-pathogenesis, clinical features, prophylaxis and management of deep vein thrombosis. 7. Discuss the management of varicose veins. 19

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 8. Discuss the surgical anatomy of venous system of lower limbs. Describe the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management of DVT. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Aneurysmal varix 2. Arterilization of veins 3. Chronic venous ulcer 4. Complications of varicose veins 5. Deep venous thrombosis 6. DVT in surgical patients 7. Management of deep venous thrombosis of lower limb 8. Treatment of DVT

14. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISORDERS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. A 30 year old made with painless progressive bulky lymph nodes in left cervical and axillary region. Discuss the management. 2. Describe the pathogenesis and treatment of Hodgkins lymphoma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Burkitt’s lymphoma 2. Filarial lymphedema of lower limb 3. Hodgkins lymphoma- staging and classification 4. Lymphoedema 5. Lymphangiography 6. Lymphangitis 7. Lymphoedema and management 8. Lymphoedema of lower limb 9. Lymphoedema 10. T-lymphocyte 11. Tubercular lymphadenitis

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 15. DAY CARE SURGERY LONG QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the selection criteria, problems and procedures suitable for day surgery. 2. Discuss types of daycare operations and management of day care patients.

16. MISCELLANEOUS

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Advantage and disadvantage of day care surgery in India 2. Day care surgery 3. Objectives of day care surgery

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify surgically correctable systemic hypertension and describe the management. 2. Discuss the causes and management of surgically correctable hypertension. 3. Discuss the etiopathology and management of excessive postoperative bleeding. 4. Discuss the present day status of endoscopic surgery. 5. Discuss the recent trends in radiological imaging. 6. Discuss the role of radiological and para-radiological imaging techniques in operative surgery. 7. List the use abuses and resultant complications of corticosteroid administration in surgical patients. 8. What are the severe wound infections? Discuss clinical features, investigations and management of tetanus.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. AFB 2. Antibiotic prophylaxis in cholecystectomy 3. Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery 21

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 4. Arteriography 5. Aspiration biopsy for surgical cases 6. Biopsy 7. Bipolar cautery 8. Blood fractions 9. Bowen’s disease 10. Burkitt’s tumor 11. Central venous catheter 12. Chest problems after major surgery 13. Choice of suture material 14. Chyluria 15. Compartment syndrome 16. Crush syndrome 17. Cryosurgery 18. CT scan 19. Diabetic foot 20. Drains in surgery 21. Duplex scan 22. Electro-cautery 23. Endocavity ultrasonography 24. Endoluminal endoscopy 25. Endoluminal ultrasound 26. Endoscopic ultrasound 27. Fat embolism 28. Fibre optics 29. FNAC 30. Gardner’s syndrome 31. Heparin in surgery 32. High tech hospital 33. HIV and the surgeon 34. Hyper alimentation in surgery 35. Implants in surgery 36. Infusion chemotherapy 37. Ingrowing toe nail 38. Inter-sex 39. Interventional radiography in GI haemorrhages

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22

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 40. Interventional radiology 41. Interventional vascular techniques 42. Jaundice in newborn 43. Kaposi’s sarcoma 44. Laser in surgery 45. Methods of surgical instruments sterilization 46. Monoclonal antibodies 47. Monofilament suture 48. MRI 49. Myocutaneous flap 50. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy 51. Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma 52. Oncogenesis in surgery 53. Oxygen therapy 54. Paraneoplastic syndrome 55. Peritoneal dialysis 56. Place of hormones in surgical practice 57. Plasma expanders 58. Post exposure prophylaxis for AIDS 59. Precautions against AIDS 60. Precautions to prevent adhesions 61. Pre-op preparations 62. Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery 63. Radioisotope in surgery 64. Radionucleotide imaging 65. Radionucleotide scanning 66. Re-implantation of limb 67. Relief of pain in malignancy 68. Role of audit in surgery 69. Role of abdominal drains 70. Role of drains after surgery 71. Sentinel node 72. Staplers in surgery 73. Stents and tissue expanders 74. Surgical audit 75. Surgical robots

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23

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 76. Suture materials 77. Synthetic absorbable sutures 78. Therapeutic embolism 79. Tissue expanders 80. Tissue expansion 81. TNM staging 82. Tourniquet 83. Tumor markers 84. Types of biopsies and their hazards 85. Use of isotopes in diagnosis and treatment 86. Use of laser in surgery 87. Use of staplers in surgery 88. USG in surgery 89. Written informed consent

17. FACE, MOUTH, CHEEK, TONGUE

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify maxillofacial injuries. Discuss their management. 2. Describe the surgical anatomy of the tongue and discuss the management of carcinoma of tongue stage I.I 3. Development of face. Cleft lip and palate- clinical features and management 4. Discuss surgical anatomy of the tongue. Discuss management of a 57 yr old man who presents with 3cm lesion in the lateral border of the tongue with hard jugulo-omohyoid lymph node. How do you investigate and manage such case?

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. BCC 2. Carcinoma cheek 3. Carcinoma tongue 4. Cleft lip 5. Cleft lip and cleft palate 6. Cleft palate 24

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 7. Facial injuries 8. Le Fort classification of facial fractures 9. Le-fort’s Fractures 10. Ludwig’s angina 11. Malignant exophthalmos 12. Management of cleft lip 13. Management of cleft palate 14. Management of deformities in Hansen’s disease 15. Millard’s repair of cleft lip 16. Principles in the management of cleft lip and palate 17. Trigeminal neuralgia

18. TEETH, GUM, EAR, JAW, NOSE AND SINUSES

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Ca floor of mouth. 2. Ca maxilla. 3. Ca palate. 4. Classify jaw tumors and discuss treatment of ca cheek. 5. Discuss pathology, clinical features and management of tumors of jaw. 6. Fracture maxilla. 7. Lymphatic drainage and management of Ca tongue. 8. Oral carcinoma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Adamantinoma 2. Ameloblastoma 3. Cancrum oris 4. Carcinoma maxillary antrum 5. Cysts of jaw 6. Dental cyst 7. Dentigerous cyst 8. Epistaxis 9. Epulis 25

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 10. Fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla 11. Leukoplakia 12. Lingual and sublingual dermoid 13. Ludwig’s angina 14. Odontomes 15. Pathology of jaw tumors 16. Plunging ranula 17. Rhinophyma 18. Submucosal fibrosis 19. Types of madibulectomy

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19. ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Differential diagnosis of ulcers of oral cavity. 2. Discuss premalignant oral lesions, the etiology, clinical presentations, investigations and management of primary oral malignancies. 3. Discuss the differential diagnoses of ulcers in oral cavity. How do you treat a case of T2N1M0 lesion of carcinoma tongue? 4. Discuss the etiology, staging, clinical features and management of carcinoma tongue. 5. Discuss the recent advances and management of head and neck malignancy. 6. Enumerate premalignant conditions of oral cavity. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of Ca Cheek. 7. Enumerate the premalignant conditions of oral cavity. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma cheek. 8. What are the premalignant lesions of oral cavity? Discuss the management of a case of T1N1M0 lesion of carcinoma cheek. 9. What are the various anatomic sites that constitute oral cancers? Write the management of T3N2M0 of carcinoma of cheek.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Carcinoma cheek 2. Developmental anomalies of lip and palate 26

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 3. Leukoplakia 4. Lingual and sublingual dermoids 5. Parapharyngeal tumors 6. Pharyngeal pouch 7. Premalignant lesions of oral cavity 8. Ranula 9. Retropharyngeal abscess 10. Trismus 11. Ulcers of tongue

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O

20. SALIVARY GLANDS

Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy of parotid gland pathological classification of parotid tumors and treatment. 2. Classify neoplasms of salivary glands. Write about carcinoma of parotid gland and its management. 3. Classify parotid tumors. Discuss management of carcinoma parotid. 4. Classify parotid tumors. Discuss the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma. 5. Classify salivary gland neoplasms. Discuss pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland. 6. Classify salivary gland tumors and management of parotid tumors. 7. Describe the international classification of salivary gland tumors. Mention briefly the management of mixed parotid tumors. 8. Describe the surgical anatomy of parotid gland. Discuss the management of salivary tumors. 9. Discuss in detail operative steps and treatment of submandibular gland tumors. 10. Discuss malignant tumors of salivary gland. 11. Discuss salivary tumors. Describe clinical features, investigation and management of adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid gland. 12. Discuss the pathological varieties and management of salivary gland tumors.

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27

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 13. Discuss the pathology of tumors of salivary gland and management of pleomorphic adenoma. 14. Discuss the surgical anatomy of parotid gland with specific reference to facio-venous plane of Patey. Discuss procedure of superficial parotidectomy, indications, complications and management of complications following surgery. 15. How do you investigate and manage a case of parotid tumor? 16. Surgical anatomy of parotid gland. Various surgeries on it. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acinic cell tumor 2. Adenolymphoma 3. Auriculotemporal (frey’s) syndrome. 4. Benign parotid tumours 5. Dumb-bell parotid tumors 6. Ectopic salivary gland 7. Ectopic salivary tumors 8. Facial nerve injuries 9. Frey’s syndrome 10. Injury to parotid duct 11. Malignant lesions of salivary glands 12. Mikulicz disease 13. Mixed parotid tumor 14. Mucoepidermoid tumor of parotid 15. Parotid abscess 16. Parotid duct injuries 17. Parotid fistula 18. Parotid tumors 19. Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid 20. Recurrent salivary gland tumor 21. RLN palsy 22. Salivary calculus 23. Sjogren’s syndrome 24. Submandibular salivary gland excision 25. Submandibular sialolithiasis 26. Submucous fibrosis

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28

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 27. Surgical anatomy of parotid gland 28. Warthim’s tumor.

21. PHARYNX AND LARYNX

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LONG QUESTIONS SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Complications of tracheostomy 2. Endotracheal intubation 3. Laryngocoele 4. Laryngotomy 5. Management of recurrent laryngeal paralysis 6. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 7. Oropharyngeal airway 8. Pharyngeal diverticulum 9. Pharyngeal pouch 10. Pharyngocoele. 11. Quinsy 12. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis 13. Retropharyngeal abscess 14. Trachea-esophageal fistulae (congenital) 15. Trachea-oesophageal fistula 16. Tracheostomy 17. Vocal cord palsy

E

E

22. NECK

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. 50 yr old male with painless progressive bulky lymph nodes in left cervical & axillary region. Discuss the management. 2. Classify neck dissections. Discuss the indications, technique and complications of radical neck dissection. 3. Cystic swellings in neck and management of thyroglossal cyst. 29

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 4. Describe the various groups of lymphnodes in neck, and discuss the management of metastatic nodes in the neck. 5. Describe various groups of lymph nodes in neck. Discuss management of occult primary with secondaries in the neck. 6. Discuss classification, diagnosis management of cystic swellings of neck. 7. Discuss clinical features, investigations and management of metastatic disease of the lymph nodes of neck with unknown primary. 8. Discuss in detail the management of carcinoma of unknown primary with N1/N2a/N2b neck nodes. 9. Discuss sympathetic innervation of head & neck including upper limb. Role of cervical dorsal sympathectomy at present in surgery. 10. Discuss the aetiology, pathology and management of tubercular lymphadenitis. (Enumerate the indications for surgery). 11. Discuss the differential diagnoses and management of midline swellings of the neck. 12. Fascial compartments of neck, sources and management of infection in neck . 13. Management of metastatic lymph nodes. 14. Surgical anatomy of cervical lymph node, cervical block dissection.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Adson’s test 2. Branchial cyst 3. Branchial fistula 4. Carotid artery blow out 5. Carotid body tumour 6. Cervical block dissection 7. Cervical rib 8. Cold abscess 9. Collar stud abscess 10. Complications of tracheostomy 11. Crile’s block dissection 12. Cystic hygroma 13. Ludwig’s angina

30

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 14. Management of metastasis of unknown origin in the level II lymph node in the neck 15. Metastasis neck node with unknown primary 16. Neck dissections in oral malignancy 17. Pharyngeal pouch 18. Scalene syndrome 19. Secondaries in the neck 20. Sinuses in the neck 21. Sternomastoid tumour 22. Thyroglossal fistula 23. Tracheostomy 24. Tubercular lymphadenitis

23. THYROID GLAND

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Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Action of nodule in a goiter, investigation and management of nodule of thyroid. 2. Anatomy of thyroid gland, various surgeries performed on it. 3. Classification and clinical features of thyroid carcinoma. Rationale of hemithyroidectomy in papillary carcinoma. 4. Classify neoplasms of thyroid. Discuss clinical features and management of papillary carcinoma of thyroid. 5. Classify thyroid malignancies. Discuss their diagnoses and treatment. 6. Classify thyroid neoplasms. Discuss the management of solitary thyroid nodule. 7. Clinical features of primary thyrotoxicosis and operative steps of thyroidectomy. 8. Describe how you will proceed with investigation and management of multinodular goiter in a female aged 40. 9. Describe the pathogenesis of solitary nodule in thyroid. Discuss the management of hot nodule. 10. Discuss the etiology, clinical features, investigations and management of multinodular goiter.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 11. Discuss clinically useful thyroid function tests. 12. Discuss etiopathology, clinical features, and management of Grave’s disease. 13. Discuss management of solitary nodule of thyroid. 14. Discuss pathology, clinical features and management of hyperthyroidism. 15. Discuss the detailed classification and pathology and clinical features of thyroiditis. 16. Discuss the development of thyroid gland and management of lingual thyroid. 17. Discuss the etiology, clinical features of multinodular goiter and management of multinodular thyroid goiter in a 45 yr old female patient. 18. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and management of primary thyrotoxicosis. 19. Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical presentation and management of thyroid malignancies. 20. Discuss the investigation of middle aged woman with thyroid enlargement. Add a note on collection and transport of radioactive isotopes. 21. Discuss the management of a solitary thyroid nodule in woman aged 20 years. 22. Discuss the pathology, differential diagnosis and current strategies in management of solitary thyroid. 23. Discuss the pathology of medullary thyroid carcinoma and its management. 24. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of papillary Ca thyroid. 25. Discuss the various options in the management of hyperthyroidism. What are the merits and demerits? 26. How will you manage a case of solitary nodule of thyroid? 27. Hyperthyroidism and management. 28. Pathology and management of malignant thyroid tumours. 29. Pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of medullary carcinoma thyroid. 30. Recent advances in surgical profile of carcinoma thyroid.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 31. What are the merits and demerits of drugs uses in preparation of patient for thyroid surgery? SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Antithyroid drugs 2. Autoimmune thyroiditis 3. Calcitonin 4. Cold nodule thyroid 5. Colloid goitre 6. Complications of thyroid surgery 7. Development of thyroid and anomalies 8. Ectopic thyroid 9. Evaluation of a solitary thyroid nodule (flow chart) 10. Eye signs in primary hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) 11. Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis 12. FNAC of thyroid lesion 13. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 14. Hurthle cell adenoma 15. Inflammatory thyroid conditions 16. Iodine 131 17. Jod-basedow thyrotoxicosis 18. Lingual thyroid 19. Management of tetany 20. Medullary CA thyroid 21. Medullary carcinoma of thyroid 22. MEN syndrome 23. Pathological types of follicular carcinoma thyroid 24. Pathology of thyroid carcinoma 25. Physiology of thyroid, synthesis and mode of action of carbimazole 26. Post thyroidectomy respiratory distress 27. Radioactive iodine 28. Retrosternal goiter 29. Serum calcium 30. Solitary nodule thyroid 31. Stridor following thyroid surgery 32. Surgery for papillary ca thyroid

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Thyroglossal cyst Thyroglossal fistula Thyroid crisis Thyroid scan Thyroid storm Toxic adenoma Toxic nodule

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24. PARATHYROID AND ADRENALS

O

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy, functions and indications for surgery on parathyroid glands. 2. Calcium metabolism and parathyroids. 3. Causes of surgical hypertension and management of surgically curable hypertension. 4. Classify adrenal tumours & discuss presentations of adrenal cortical tumour & its management. 5. Classify hyperparathroidism and discuss the clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis and management. 6. Classify multiple endocrine neoplasia. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of hyperparathyroidism. 7. Clinical features and biochemical changes and management of pheochromocytcoma. 8. Clinical features, investigations and management of Cushing’s syndrome. 9. Describe clinical features, investigations and management of Cushing’s syndrome. 10. Describe clinical features, investigations and management of pheochromocytoma. 11. Describe embryology of the parathyroid glands. Describe management of 20 years old girl with suspected hyperparathyrodism. 12. Discuss the pathology, diagnosis and management of hyperparathyroidism.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 13. Describe the surgical anatomy of suprarenal gland. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of adrenal medullary tumour. 14. Discuss aetiology, clinical features and management of hyperparathyroidism. 15. Discuss clinical features and management of a case of pheochromocytoma. 16. Discuss pheochromocytoma under the following headings: Pathophysiology of the disease & its effects. Physiologic basis of preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative management of the disease. 17. Discuss pheochromocytoma. 18. Discuss the autonomic nervous system under the following headings: Autonomic organization of autonomic flow. Chemical transmission at autonomic junctions. Responses of effector organs to autonomic nerve impulse. Physiologic basis of the preoperative pharmacologic of patient with pheochromocytoma. 19. Discuss the clinical features, investigations and management of primary hyperparathyroidism. 20. Discuss the diagnosis and surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. 21. Discuss the indications of adrenalectomy and describe the operative procedure for right side adrenalectomy. 22. Discuss the management of hyperparathyroidism. 23. Discuss the pathology, diagnosis and management of adrenal tumors. 24. Discuss the pathology of adrenal tumours. How do you manage a case of pheochromocytoma? 25. Enumerate causes of hypocalcaemia. How will you investigate and manage primary hyperparathyroidism? 26. Etiology, clinical presentation, investigation and surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. 27. List the causes of surgically correctable hypertension. Describe the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma. 28. Pathology and investigation of adrenal tumours.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 29. Pathology, clinical features, investigations and management of parathyroid adenoma. 30. Tests of adrenocortical insufficiency and management of Cushing’s syndrome. 31. What are the tumours of adrenal medulla? Discuss the etiopathology, investigations and management of pheochromocytoma. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Adrenal function tests 2. Adrenal medullary tumour 3. Adrenogenital syndrome 4. APUD cell tumour 5. Cushing’s syndrome 6. Diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma 7. Hyperparathyroidism 8. Hypoparathyroidism 9. MEN 10. MEN II 11. Neuroblastoma 12. Parathyroid adenoma 13. Parathyroid transplant 14. Pheochromocytoma 15. Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma 16. Primary hyperparathyroidism 17. Radiological features in hyperparathyroidism 18. Spread of neuroblastoma 19. Surgical anatomy of parathyroid glands 20. Surgical approaches to the adrenal gland 21. Wayne’s scoring index

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25. BREAST LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify benign tumours of breast. How will you manage a breast lump 2x3 cm in middle aged women? 36

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 2. Describe breast conservation surgery in ca breast. 3. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma breast. 4. Describe the staging of advanced breast carcinoma and discuss the specific problems in advanced disease with the current management. 5. Describe the surgical anatomy of the breast. List the premalignant conditions of the breast. Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of early carcinoma of the breast. 6. Describe the surgical pathology, clinical features and management of cystosarcoma phylloides. 7. Describe the surgical pathology of carcinoma of the breast. Discuss the role of hormonal receptors in the management of breast carcinoma. 8. Discuss “breast conservation” therapy in cancer breast in the following heads: a. Selection of pt. for breast conservation. b. Contraindication for above procedures. c. Methods of breast conservation treatment and their limitations. 9. Discuss cancer risk in pregnancy. 10. Discuss etiology, pathology and investigations in a case of carcinoma of breast. Discuss how you would treat a 30 year old lady who presents with T1N0M0 lesion. 11. Discuss management of metastatic breast cancer. Add a note on familial breast cancer. 12. Discuss post mastectomy breast reconstruction. 13. Discuss prognostic factors and management of early breast carcinoma. 14. Discuss prognostic factors of carcinoma of the breast. 15. Discuss the clinical features, staging and investigations of carcinoma breast. How do you manage a case of stage II carcinoma breast? 16. Discuss the etiology, clinical features, investigation and management of carcinoma breast. 17. Discuss the etio-pathology, clinical features and management of advanced breast cancer.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 18. Discuss the etiopathology, clinical features, prognostic factors and management of early breast cancer. 19. Discuss the Lymphatic drainage of the breast and discuss the treatment of carcinoma breast stage T2N1M0. 20. Discuss the management of advances carcinoma of the breast. 21. Discuss the modes of early diagnosis of carcinoma breast. Mention different types of classification of breast cancer. 22. Discuss the pathology and management of lump in breast in women of 40yrs. 23. Discuss the recent advances in management of early breast carcinoma. 24. Discuss the risk factors of carcinoma breast. Discuss the causes and management of local recurrence of breast cancer. 25. Discuss the various diagnostic modalities for carcinoma of the breast. Add a note on the management of the early Carcinoma of the Breast. 26. Discuss the various diagnostic modalities of carcinoma breast. Add a note on management of early carcinoma breast. 27. Enumerate the non-malignant conditions which clinically mimic carcinoma of the breast. Describe the pathogenesis and management of each. 28. Management of advanced carcinoma breast. 29. Methods available for diagnosis of early breast carcinoma. 30. Pathology, clinical features and management of early carcinoma breast.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Aberrations of development and involution of breast 2. Advanced ca breast 3. ANDI 4. Benign breast diseases 5. Benign breast lesion 6. Breast abscess 7. Breast biopsy 8. Breast cystic conditions 9. Cyclical mastalgia 38

Y


Cyclical mastalgia Cystic lesions of breast Cystosarcoma phylloides Danazol Duct ectasia Duct papilloma of breast Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) Familial breast cancer Fat necrosis Fibroadenoma Fibroadenosis Fibrocystic disease of breast Galactocele Giant fibroadenoma of breast Gynaecomastia Hormonal therapy in ca breast Hormone receptors of breast Inflammatory breast disease Lobular carcinoma of breast Lymphatic drainage of breast Mammography Mammoplasty Mastalgia Mondor’s disease Nipple discharge-significance Oestrogen Paget’s disease of nipple Pathology of Paget’s disease of nipple Phylloides tumour Plasma cell mastitis Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction Risk factors of breast malignancy Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma breast Role of hormone therapy in breast carcinoma Role of ultrasonography in breast disease Screening for carcinoma breast

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

Stage II ca breast Staging of carcinoma breast Stereotactic wide local excision of breast Systemic therapy in carcinoma breast TB breast Triple assessment

Y

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26. THORAX

LONG QUESTIONS 1. A 30 yr old male brought to the casualty with multiple rib fractures following a road traffic accident. Discuss the management. 2. Describe the etiology, clinical signs and symptoms of hydatid disease of the lung. 3. Describe briefly the principles of evaluation, planning and management of chest injuries. 4. Describe the aetiology, pathology, and management of bronchogenic carcinoma. 5. Describe the anatomical basis of thoracic outlet syndrome. How will you investigate and treat such a patient? 6. Describe the anatomy of lymph nodes in the chest. What are the surgical conditions arising from them? Discuss the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumours. What is the pathology & management of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma? 7. Describe the components and complications of chest injury in blunt trauma and its management. 8. Describe the development of diaphragm. Discuss the diagnosis and management of diaphragmatic hernias. 9. Describe the mechanism of injury, clinical features, and management of chest trauma. 10. Describe the pathophysiology of hiatus hernia. Describe the common surgical procedures adopted in the management of hiatus hernia. 11. Describe the surgical anatomy of the thoracic diaphragm. Discuss the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 12. Describe thoracic outlet syndrome. 13. Detail the history of human heart transplantation. What are the indications? How can rejections be prevented? Discuss the steps of open heart surgery. 14. Development of diaphragm, types of diaphragmatic hernias. 15. Discuss chest injuries and management of hemothorax. 16. Discuss chronic empyema. 17. Discuss etiopathogenesis and management of carcinoma of lung. 18. Discuss the different types of chest injuries. How do you manage them? 19. Discuss the different types of diaphragmatic hernias. Discuss in detail management of sliding hiatal hernia. 20. Discuss the lung cancer under the following heads: a.Assessment of operability. b.Management of small cell carcinoma. c.Pathological types & prognostic factors. 21. Discuss the management of blunt chest injury. 22. Discuss the management of various injuries that can occur following blunt trauma of the chest. 23. Discuss the management stab injury to chest. 24. Discuss the pathology and management of bronchogenic carcinoma. 25. Discuss the surgical anatomy of diaphragm. 26. Etiology, clinical features, management of chest injuries. 27. Investigations, management of flail chest following RTA. 28. Thoracic outlet obstruction and operation of cervical sympathectomy. 29. What are the physiological derangements in chest injury? Describe the management of different chest injuries. 30. What are the various varieties of cervical rib? What are the clinical features and complications? Describe the management of symptomatic cervical rib.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. ARDS (shock lung) 2. Bronchogenic carcinoma 41

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 3. Bronchopleural fistulas 4. Bronchopulmonary segments 5. Cardiac tamponade 6. Cervical rib 7. Chylothorax 8. Diaphragmatic hernia/ traumatic diaphragmatic hernia 9. Dysphagia lusoria 10. Empyema necessitans 11. Empyema thorax 12. Flail chest 13. Fracture rib 14. Hemopneumothorax 15. Hemothorax 16. Laryngeal paralysis 17. Lung abscess 18. Lung cysts 19. Management of pulmonary hydatid cyst 20. Mediastinal syndrome 21. Mediastinal tumours 22. Mediastinitis 23. Open pneumothorax 24. Pancoast’s tumour 25. Paradoxical breathing 26. Paradoxical respiration 27. Pectus excavatum 28. Percutaneous angioplasty 29. Pneumothorax 30. Pulmonary embolism 31. Pulmonary tuberculosis 32. Spontaneous pneumothorax 33. Stellate ganglion 34. Stove in chest 35. Surgical treatment of TB 36. Tension pneumothorax 37. Thoracotomy 38. Thymectomy

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42

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 39. Thymoma 40. Traumatic pneumothorax 41. Types of thoracotomy

27. HEART AND PERICARDIUM

Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe the disorders that affect the aortic bifurcation and indicate their management. SHORT QUESTIONS 2. ASD 3. Balloon transluminal angioplasty 4. Cardiac tamponade 5. Cardiospasm 6. Chronic pericarditis 7. Coarctaction of aorta 8. Coronary artery bypass 9. Discuss percutaneous angioplasty 10. Etiology and management of cardiac arrest 11. Fogarty catheter 12. IABP 13. Myocardial revascularization 14. Patent ductus arteriosus 15. PDA 16. Pericardiectomy 17. Prosthetic valve disease 18. Restorative end aneurysmorrhaphy 19. TOF 20. VSD

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28. ANASTOMOSES LONG QUESTIONS 43

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 1. Describe the etiology and management of post-operative fecal fistula. 2. List the features of an ideal suture material. Classify suture materials giving examples of each category. Describe in detail side to side and end to end intestinal anastomoses. 3. What are the factors that influence healing of intestinal anastomoses? Describe the management of duodenal leak following gastrectomy.

Y

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Access loop in bilio enteric anastamosis 2. End to end anastomosis 3. Factors responsible for anastomotic leak and how will you prevent it 4. Staplers in GI surgery 5. Types of anastamosis

E

29. OESOPHAGUS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy of lower end of oesophagus and management of GERD. 2. Anatomy of oesophagus, management of middle 1/3rd carcinoma oesophagus. 3. Causes of upper GI bleed; management of variceal bleeding. 4. D/D of 40 yr old patient presenting with dysphagia. Discuss clinical features and management of achalasia cardia. 5. Describe currently available endoscopic methods of control in nonvariceal bleed from upper G.I tract. 6. Describe the surgical anatomy of esophagus. Discuss the motility disorders. 7. Discus the causes and management of upper GI bleed. 8. Discuss dysphagia due to benign causes. 9. Discuss non-shunt operations in management of bleeding oesophageal varices. 10. Discuss non-surgical methods of control of upper GI haemorrhage. 11. Discuss the advances in management of hematemesis.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 12. Discuss the approach and management of case of upper GI bleed. 13. Discuss the causes of rupture of esophagus and its complication. 14. Discuss the etiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment of carcinoma esophagus. 15. Discuss the management of carcinoma lower third esophagus. 16. Discuss the physiology of esophageal motility as applied to clinical condition of esophagus. 17. Discuss the predisposing conditions, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of Ca esophagus. 18. Discuss the recent advances in endoscopic palliative procedures for carcinoma oesophagus. 19. Enumerate causes of dysphagia. Describe management of Achalasia cardia. 20. Enumerate the causes of upper GI bleeding. How will you manage a 30 yr old man with hematemesis due to portal hypertension? 21. Enumerate types of congenital atresia of oesophagus and how will you manage the case. 22. List the causes of massive upper GI hemorrhage in the order of frequency. Describe the initial evaluation, resuscitation and management of a patient who presents to the accident and emergency department with variceal hemorrhage. 23. List the premalignant conditions in the esophagus. Describe the clinical features and management of carcinoma of esophagus. Add a note on neo-adjuvant therapy in this disease. 24. Management of haemorrhage from GIT. 25. Mention the causes of dysphagia. Describe briefly the clinical features and management of carcinoma middle third of oesophagus. 26. Non-resectional procedures for treatment of carcinoma oesophagus. 27. Oesophagal atresia management. 28. Pathology of carcinoma oesophagus. Clinical features, management of lower carcinoma oesophagus. 29. What is massive blood transfusion? How would you evaluate upper GI bleed in a 25yr old factory worker? What is your priority in management of oesophageal varices?

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Achalasia cardia 2. Achalasia of oesophagus 3. Barium study for foreign body in oesophagus 4. Barret’s oesophagus 5. Barret’s ulcer 6. Cardiospasm 7. Causes of chronic dysphagia 8. Corrosive structure of oesophagus 9. Diagnosis and management of achalasia cardia 10. Dysphagia lusoria 11. Gastro-esophageal reflux 12. GERD 13. Heller’s operation 14. Mallory Weiss syndrome 15. Management of achalasia cardia 16. Management of esophageal varices 17. Massive haematochezia - causes and management 18. Neoadjuvant therapy 19. Oesophagal atresia 20. Oesophageal diverticulum 21. Oesophageal perforation 22. Oesophageal stricture 23. Oesophageal varices 24. Peptic oesophagitis 25. Plummer – Winson syndrome 26. Pre malignant oesophageal B conditions 27. Schatzki’s ring 28. Sclerotherapy 29. Sliding hernia 30. Therapeutic endoscopy 31. Trachea-oesophageal fistula 32. Types of oesophagectomy 33. Upper GI endoscopy 34. Zenker’s diverticulum

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46

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 30. STOMACH AND DUODENUM LONG QUESTIONS 1. Advances in management for chronic duodenal ulcer. 2. Clinical features of carcinoma pyloric end of stomach. How will you treat early case? 3. Describe anatomy of vagus and various types of vagotomy performed in management of DU. 4. Describe etiology, complications and management of chronic duodenal ulcers. 5. Describe pathological anatomy, pathophysiology and management of stress ulcer. 6. Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach. Discuss the nonepithelial tumors of stomach and their management. 7. Describe the surgical anatomy of vagus nerves in the abdomen. Discuss the merits and demerits of highly selective vagotomy. 8. Discuss chronic duodenal ulcer. 9. Discuss pathophsiology of H.pylori infection, and its current management. 10. Discuss the causes & treatment of anastamotic ulceration following truncal vagotomy & gastrojejunostomy for peptic ulceration. 11. Discuss the causes of hematemesis. 12. Discuss the etiopathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma stomach. 13. Discuss the management of acid peptic disease. 14. Discuss the management of chronic duodenal ulcer. 15. Discuss the pathology, mode of spread, investigations, and treatment of Ca stomach. 16. Discuss the recent advances in management of peptic ulcer. 17. Discuss the surgery in morbid obesity. 18. Discuss volvulus of stomach. 19. Etiology, complications and management of chronic duodenal ulcer. 20. Etiopathology, clinical features of carcinoma stomach and management. 21. Precancerous lesions of the stomach. Discuss the prognostic factors of Ca rectum.

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47

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 22. Staging, prognostic, factors of carcinoma stomach. 23. Surgical anatomy and its clinical applications in management of carcinoma stomach. 24. Trace the history of surgical treatment of acid peptic disease. Discuss the role of vagotomy in the condition. Discuss the role of endoscopy in gastroenterological surgery. Discuss the diagnosis and management of perforation of chronic duodenal ulcer. 25. Volvulus of stomach. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute dilatation of stomach 2. Acute gastric dilation 3. Ampullary Ca 4. Ampullary carcinoma 5. Billroth I gastrectomy 6. Biochemical changes in pyloric stenosis 7. Ca pylorus 8. Completeness of vagotomy 9. Complication of gastrectomy 10. Congenital pyloric stenosis 11. Dumping syndrome 12. Duodenal atresia 13. Duodenal blow out 14. Duodenal fistula 15. Duodenal obstruction 16. Early dumping syndrome 17. Early gastric cancer 18. Endoscopic ultrasonography 19. Fractional test meal 20. Gastrectomy and its complications 21. Gastric lymphoma 22. Gastric reduction of stomach 23. Gastric ulcer 24. Gastrinoma 25. Gastritis 26. Gastro intestinal stromal tumours

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48

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

Gastro jejunocolic fistula Gastrocolic fistula Gastrostomy GI endoscopy and the surgeon Giant duodenal ulcer Helicobacter pylori Hour glass stomach Hyper gastrinaemia Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis of infants Hypertrophic stenosis Intraoperative indicators for completeness of vagotomy Krukenberg’s tumour Late dumping syndrome Leather bottle stomach Linitus plastica Menetrier’s disease Non-epithelial malignant tumours of stomach Parietal cell vagotomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Percutaneous gastrostomy Physiology of acid secretion by parietal cells Physiology of gastric secretion Post gastrectomy syndrome Post-cibal syndrome Premalignant lesions of carcinoma stomach Pyloric stenosis Radionuclear scan in obscure GI bleeding Ramstedt’s operation Recurrent gastric peptic ulcer Risk factors of carcinoma stomach Roux-en-y anastomosis Surgery for morbid obesity TNM classification of ca stomach and current surgical therapy for early gastric ca 60. TNM classification of carcinoma stomach and current surgical therapy of early gastric cancer

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49

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 61. 62. 63. 64.

Trichobezoar Vagotomy Volvulus of stomach ZE syndrome

Y

31. LIVER

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. 45 yr old man with space occupying lesion (8cms in diameter) in left lobe of liver. Discuss the management. 2. A 45yr old casual labourer who is alcoholic presents with a hypochondrial mass. What is the differential diagnosis that you can offer on clinical examination? Would you proceed to investigate & treat a patient with liver mass? 3. A child two years old is having a lump in right abdomen moving with respiration - discuss the diagnosis and management. 4. Anatomy of portal system, etiopathogenesis of portal hypertension. 5. Causes of portal hypertension, cardinal clinical features and outline surgical management. 6. Classify liver trauma, elaborate the complications and discuss the management. 7. Describe anatomy of portal system and etio-pathology of portal hypertension. Discuss the non-shunt surgical procedures in management of portal HTN. 8. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and clinical features and management of parasitic cysts of liver. 9. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and its value in hepatic resection. 10. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and pre-op workup towards hepatic resection for primary carcinoma. 11. Describe the anatomy of liver with reference to classical liver resection and discuss indication of liver resection. 12. Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of liver injuries.

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50

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 13. Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of hydatid disease of the liver. 14. Describe the etiology, investigations, and management of portal hypertension. 15. Describe the surgical anatomy of portal vein and discuss the extra hepatic portal hypertension. 16. Describe the the venous drainage of lower 5 cms of esophagus. Discuss the management of bleeding of esophageal varices. 17. Discuss etiopathology, clinical features and management of heptocellular carcinoma. 18. Discuss the aetiology, types, clinical features and management of portal hypertension. 19. Discuss the causes of blunt liver injuries. Discuss in detail- types, diagnosis and management of blunt liver trauma. 20. Discuss the classification and management of blunt liver trauma. 21. Discuss the clinical features and management of acute variceal bleed. 22. Discuss the clinical features, investigation and management of portal hypertension. 23. Discuss the segmental anatomy of liver. What are the types of hepatectomy and indications for it? 24. Discuss the surgical anatomy of liver. 25. Discuss the updates in etiology, diagnosis and management of primary hepatic carcinoma. 26. Discuss the various shunts available in the management of portal hypertension. 27. Discuss various methods applied for hepatic decompression in obstructive jaundice. 28. Enumerate causes of upper GI bleeding. How will you manage a 30yr old man with hematemesis due to portal hypertension? 29. Etiopathogenesis and clinical features of portal hypertension; management of bleeding oesophageal varices. 30. Hydatid cyst of liver. 31. Surgical anatomy of liver.

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51

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Amoebic liver abscess 2. Biochemical changes in jaundice 3. Budd- Chiari syndrome 4. Child’s grading 5. Classification of hepatic functional reserve 6. Hepatic hydatid cyst 7. Hepatic resection 8. Hepatitis B 9. Hepato biliary imaging 10. Hepatorenal syndrome 11. Hydatid cyst 12. Hydatid cyst of liver and surgical implications 13. Indication of liver transplantation 14. Indications for liver transplant 15. Klatskin’s tumour 16. LFT in surgery for portal hypertension 17. Liver abscess 18. Liver biopsy 19. Liver injuries 20. Management of liver trauma 21. Metabolic sequelae of hepatic resection 22. MRCP 23. Orthoptic liver transplantation 24. Primary HCC 25. Principles of liver transplantation 26. Secondaries in liver 27. Secondary neoplasms of liver 28. Segmental anatomy of liver 29. Selective porto-systemic shunts 30. Selective shunts in portal hypertension 31. Subphrenic abscess 32. Surgical anatomy of liver 33. Therapeutic embolisation 34. TIPSS 35. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stents

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52

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 32. GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS LONG QUESTIONS 1. Access loop in bilio- enteric anastomosis. 2. Bile duct injuries and their management. 3. Causes of obstructive jaundice; investigations and management. 4. Causes, precautions and treatment of biliary system injuries. 5. Cholangiocarcinoma. 6. Classify choledochal cysts. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features and management of choledochal cyst. 7. Clinical features of cholecystitis and surgical management. 8. Complication of CBD drainage procedure. 9. Describe anatomy and anomalies of extrahepatic bile ducts; role of endoscopy in management of bile duct stones. 10. Describe the technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 11. Describe the vascular supply of extrahepatic biliary tract. Discuss the aetiology, prevention and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. 12. Describe the vascular supply to extra hepatic biliary tract. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of biliary stricture. 13. Describe: Anatomy and anomalies of the extrahepatic ducts and Role of endoscopy in the management of bile duct stones. 14. Discuss the causes and management of biliary fistulae and strictures following cholecystectomy. 15. Discuss etiopathogenesis, investigations and treatment of carcinoma gall bladder with respect to staging. 16. Discuss obstructive jaundice caused by malignant diseases. 17. Discuss obstructive jaundice- investigation and management. 18. Discuss obstructive jaundice. 19. Discuss the causes, investigations and management of obstructive jaundice. 20. Discuss the current management of choledocholithiasis. 21. Discuss the incidence, diagnosis and management of retained CBD stones.

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53

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 22. Discuss the management of acute cholelithiasis. 23. Discuss the management of calculus cholecystitis. 24. Discuss the pathogenesis of cholilithiasis and non-operative management of the same. 25. Discuss the problems of surgery of jaundiced patient. 26. Discuss the various types of gallstones, complications, management. 27. Enumerate causes of surgical jaundice. Discuss the management of carcinoma of periampullary region. 28. How do you investigate a case of obstructive jaundice? How do you manage CBD stones? Write a note on retained CBD stones. 29. Indications, clinical features, complications, essential requirements of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 30. Mention aetiology, investigations and management of gall stones. 31. Role of endoscopy in diagnosis and management of CHD and CBD obstruction. 32. Surgical anatomy of gallbladder and hazards of cholecystectomy. 33. Vascular supply of extrahepatic duct; etiology, clinical features and management of biliary strictures. 34. What is surgical jaundice? Pathology and management of cholestatic jaundice.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Access loop in bilio-enteric anastomosis 2. Anomalies of GB 3. Benign biliary strictures 4. Biliary atresia 5. Biliary fistula 6. Biliary strictures 7. Biochemical changes in jaundice 8. Caroli’s disease 9. CBD stricture 10. Cholangiogram 11. Cholecystogram 12. Choledochal cyst 13. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 54

P

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 14. Complications of laproscopic biliary tract surgery 15. Congential anomalies of the extrahepatic biliary tract 16. Courvoisier’s law 17. Dissolution treatment of gallstone 18. Emphysematous cholecystitis 19. ERCP 20. Gall bladder polyp 21. Gall stone 22. Gall stone ileus 23. Haemobilia 24. Hepatorenal syndrome 25. Internal biliary fistula 26. Intro-op bile duct evaluation 27. Klatskin tumour 28. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 29. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 30. Limey’s bile 31. Management of residual stones in CBD 32. Mirrizi’s syndrome 33. Mucocoele of GB 34. Mucocoele 35. Oral cholecystography 36. P.T.C 37. Percutaneous biliary drainage 38. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventional procedures 39. Porto-systemic anastomosis 40. Post cholecystectomy syndrome 41. Preoperative cholangiography 42. Prevention of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy 43. Primary common bile duct stones 44. Recurrent cholangitis 45. Retained CBD stones 46. Retained gall stones 47. Retained gall stones 48. Sclerosing cholangitis 49. Sphincter of ODDI

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55

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 50. Theories of gall stone formation 51. Wedged hepatic venous pressure 52. White bile

33. SPLEEN

Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Causes, clinical features of injury of spleen and surgical management. 2. Describe the anatomy and discuss the conservative management of splenic rupture 3. Discuss the clinical features and management of splenic injuries. Add a note on splenorraphy. 4. Discuss the etiology, signs and symptoms and management of splenic rupture. 5. Discuss the indications for splenectomy and describe the steps for emergency splenectomy. 6. Indications for splenectomy and management of haemolytic anemia. 7. Surgical alternatives to splenectomy.

E

E

SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Complications of splenectomy 2. Hereditary spherocytosis 3. Hypersplenism 4. Indications for splenectomy 5. Management of splenic injury 6. OPSI 7. Rupture spleen 8. Spleenenculi 9. Splenic artery aneurysm 10. Splenomegaly 11. Splenic rupture 12. Splenic trauma 13. Tropical splenomegaly

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 34. PANCREAS LONG QUESTIONS 1. Carcinoma head of pancreas: pathology, clinical features and palliative procedures for unresectable tumors. 2. Classify jaundice. How does obstructive jaundice increase morbidity in a surgical patient? Discuss the surgical procedures in carcinoma head of pancreas. 3. Classify pancreaticoduodenal injuries. How do you manage a case of traumatic duct injury of pancreas and its complications? 4. Classify tumors of pancreas. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of insulinoma. 5. Clinical features, investigations, surgical management of chronic calcific pancreatitis. 6. Describe surgical anatomy of pancreas. How do you diagnose and manage pancreatic calculi? 7. Describe surgical complication and management of acute pancreatitis. 8. Describe the clinical features and management of acute pancreatitis. 9. Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of pseudocyst of pancreas. 10. Describe the development of pancreas and its congenital anomalies and their treatment. 11. Describe the secretions of the pancreas and discuss their function. 12. Diagnosis and management of pancreatic injuries. 13. Diagnostic, prognostic evaluation and treatment of acute pancreatitis. 14. Discuss causes, investigation and management of pancreatic ascites. 15. Discuss etiology, clinical features and complications of pseudocyst of pancreas. Briefly mention its management. 16. Discuss nesidioblastoma. 17. Discuss the clinical features and management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. 18. Discuss the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and management of abscess formation in pancreas.

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57

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 19. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis. 20. Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical features and management of acute pancreatitis. 21. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of a case of carcinoma head of pancreas. 22. Discuss the islet cell of pancreas and their surgical importance. 23. Discuss the management of a case of carcinoma of the head of pancreas. 24. Discuss the sequel of the injury to pancreas. 25. Discuss the traumatic rupture of pancreas. 26. Enumerate causes of surgical jaundice and discuss the management of carcinoma of the head of pancreas. 27. Etiology pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. 28. How do you manage pain in chronic pancreatitis? 29. Islet cell of pancreas and surgical importance. 30. Mention classification of pancreatitis and describe acute pancreatitis. 31. Pancreaticoduodenal tumors. 32. Traumatic rupture of pancreas. 33. What are the pancreatic function tests? Discuss management of pseudocyst of the pancreas. 34. Write signs, symptoms and the management of chronic pancreatitis.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute pancreatitis 2. Annular pancreas 3. Blunt injury pancreas 4. Child’s criteria 5. Chronic pancreatitis 6. Complications of acute pancreatitis 7. Cysts of pancreas 8. Diagnosis and management of annular pancreas 9. Endocrine tumours of pancreas 10. ERCP 11. Glucagonoma 58

P

Y

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

Insulinoma Islet cell tumors Management of pseudocyst of pancreas MRCP Pancreatic calculi Pancreatic function tests Pancreaticolithiasis Pancreatic transplant Pancreaticoduodenal injuries Periampullary carcinoma Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis Pseudo pancreatic cysts Pseudocyst of pancreas Role of contrast CT in acute pancreatitis Surgical complications of DM Treatment of chronic pancreatitis Tropical pancreatitis WDHA syndrome Whipple’s procedure Zollinger Ellison’s syndrome

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35. PERITONEUM, MESENTRY, OMENTUM AND RETROPERITONEUM LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify mesenteric cysts. What is pseudo mesenteric cyst? Discuss pathology, differential diagnosis and management. 2. Discuss anatomy of greater omentum and its use in surgical practice 3. Discuss causes and management of biliary peritonitis. 4. Discuss causes of hemoperitoneum and its management. 5. Discuss the surgical anatomy of the peritoneal spaces. How will you manage a para duodenal hernia? 6. Surgical anatomy of peritoneal spaces. Paraesophageal hernia management. SHORT QUESTIONS 59

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 1. Abdominal TB 2. Carcinoma peritonei 3. Chylous ascites 4. DPL 5. Enterogenous cyst 6. Granulomatous peritonitis 7. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis 8. Infections and management of retro peritoneal spaces 9. Intra-abdominal adhesions 10. Intraperitoneal bands 11. Mesenteric artery occlusion 12. Mesenteric cyst 13. Mesenteric adenitis 14. Mesothelioma 15. Paracentesis 16. Pelvic abscess 17. Peritonitis 18. Pseudo myxoma peritonei 19. Pseudomyxoma peritonei 20. Psoas abscess 21. Retroperitoneal fibrosis 22. Rutherford Morrison’s pouch 23. Sub phrenic abscess 24. Subdiaphragmatic abscess 25. Sub-phrenic abscess 26. Subphrenic space 27. Tabes mesenterica 28. Talc granuloma 29. TB peritonitis

E

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Y

36. SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy and pathology of ileocecal lesions. 2. Classify and describe- the signs and management of colonic growth. 60

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 3. Classify tumors of colon. Discuss investigations, management of carcinoma transverse colon. 4. Clinical features and management of colon cancer. 5. Define short bowel syndrome. Discuss pathophysiology features and management of short bowel syndrome. 6. Describe etiopathogenesis and management of large gut polyps. 7. Describe in detail the aetiopathogenesis, types, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis and management of intussusception. 8. Describe the development and complication that may arise from Meckel’s diverticulum. 9. Describe the different types of inflammatory bowel disease. Discuss the management of ulcerative colitis. 10. Discuss etiology, clinical features and management of ulcerative colitis. 11. Discuss the causes and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleed in a 60yr old man. 12. Discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of ileocecal tuberculosis. 13. Discuss the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of intussuception. 14. Discuss the management of intestinal ischemia. 15. Discuss the management of recurrent adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum. 16. Discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of short bowel syndrome. 17. Discuss the surgical management of amoebiasis. 18. Enumerate causes of lower GI haemorrhage. Discuss the current thinking in management of this condition. 19. Etiology, clinical features and management of ulcerative colitis. 20. Evaluate the causes of intestinal fistulae and discuss the management principle of intestinal fistulae. 21. How will you investigate and manage a case of Hirschprung’s disease? 22. Management of hemorrhage from GIT.

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61

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 23. Pathogenesis, metabolic disturbances and management of small bowel obstruction. 24. Pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, surgical procedures other than conventional ileostomy in management of ulcerative colitis. 25. Pathology and management of ulcerative lesions of colon. 26. What are the predisposing factors for colon cancer? Discuss clinical features and latest management of colon cancer. 27. Write in detail the ulcerative lesions of colon and the management of ulcerative colitis. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Adjuvant therapy in colorectal malignancy 2. Amoeboma 3. Anomalies of vitello – intestinal duct 4. APUDoma 5. Ascariasis in surgery 6. Blind loop 7. Bowel preparation in colonic surgery 8. Ca caecum 9. Carcinoid syndrome 10. Carcinoid tumor 11. Care of ileostomy 12. Colonoscopy 13. Colostomy 14. Complications of colostomy 15. Complications of Meckel’s Diverticulum 16. Crohn’s Disease 17. Diagnosis and management of ileal intussusception 18. Diverticulitis 19. Diverticulosis of colon 20. Duplication of the Gut 21. Enterocutaneous fistula 22. Etiology of colon cancer 23. Faecal fistulas 24. FAP 25. Feeding jejunostomy

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62

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Gall stone ileus Gardner’s Syndrome Gastrojejunocolic fistula Hirschprung’s disease Ileal perforation in enteric fever Ileal perforation in typhoid Ileo cecal TB Ileostomy Internal fistula Intestinal amoebiasis Intestinal stomas Intestinal typhoid perforation Intussusception Koch’s continent ileostomy Ladd’s band Large bowel ischemia Large bowel papilloma Malrotation of gut Management of colostomy Meckel’s diverticulum Meconium ileus Megacolon Mesenteric vascular obstruction Necrotising enterocolitis Obstruction Pseudo Pathological features of Crohn’s disease Permanent colostomy Peutz- Jegher’s syndrome Pre-cancerous lesions of colon Red currant jelly stools Regional ileitis Restorative proctocolectomy Right iliac fossa mass Short gut syndrome Sigmoid volvulus Sigmoid volvulus- surgical treatment

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63

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome TB stricture small intestine Theurapetic uses of colonoscopy Toxic megacolon Treatment of megacolon Tumors of small intestine Typhoid perforation Ulcerative colitis Volvulus Volvulus neonatorum Volvulus of small gut Volvulus sigmoid colon

37. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

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Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anomalies of intestinal rotation. 2. Causes of strangulated intestinal obstruction and management of mesenteric vascular obstruction. 3. Classify intestinal obstruction. Discuss the differential diagnosis and management of acute intestinal obstruction in a 70 yr old man. 4. Clinical features, pathology and management of small bowel obstruction. 5. Describe clinical features, etiology and management of acute intestinal obstruction. 6. Discuss clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute mesenteric artery thrombosis. 7. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, complications and management of intestinal obstruction. 8. Discuss the anomalies of intestinal rotation. 9. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and management of acute intestinal obstruction. 10. Discuss the management of ileus. 11. Discuss the management of intestinal obstruction developing in early post operative period.

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64

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 12. Discuss the management of meconium ileus. 13. Discuss the various causes, clinical features and management of acute intestinal obstruction. 14. Discuss various causes of intestinal obstruction in a new born and management of meconium ileus. 15. Enumerate causes of dynamic intestinal obstruction. Discuss clinical features and management of acute small bowel obstruction. 16. Enumerate the causes of intraperitoneal adhesions. How do you manage a case of recurrent intestinal obstruction due to adhesions? 17. Meconium ileus and its management. 18. Mention the causes of large bowel obstruction. Discuss the clinical features and management of carcinoma of colon.

E

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute intussusception 2. Angiodysplasia of colon 3. Complication of inflammatory bowel diseases 4. Duodenal perforation 5. Etiology of colon cancer 6. Fecal fistulas 7. Gallstone obstruction 8. Ileo ileal intussusception 9. Intestinal duplication 10. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction 11. Meconium ileus 12. Paralytic ileus 13. Pseudoobstruction 14. Sigmoid volvulus 15. Volvulus neonatorum

C

38. APPENDIX LONG QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the complications that may follow appendicectomy. 65

Y

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Management of carcinoid tumor of appendix 2. Appendicular abscess 3. Appendicular carcinoid 4. Appendicular mass 5. Carcinoid tumour of appendix 6. Complication of appendicectomy 7. Laparoscopic appendicetomy 8. Mucocele of appendix 9. Oschner- Sherrin regimen

P

O

39. RECTUM

C

Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy of rectum and anal canal. Discuss etiology, pathogenesis and management of rectal prolapse. 2. Causes of bleeding per rectum, clinical features and management of carcinoma middle third rectum. 3. Classify ano-rectal anomalies and their management. 4. Define rectal prolapsed. Discuss merits and demerits of various procedures. 5. Describe pathophysiology of prolapse rectum. Evaluate indications and advantages of different surgical procedures done for prolapse rectum. 6. Describe the etiology and management of rectosigmoid carcinoma. 7. Describe the surgical anatomy of rectum giving particular emphasis to the sphincters. 8. Discuss the anatomical basis and management of prolapsed rectum. 9. Discuss the management of ano-rectal malformation. 10. Discuss the management of carcinoma rectum. 11. Discuss the management of massive bleeding per rectum. 12. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of early rectosigmoid growth. 13. Discuss the recent trends in management of carcinoma of rectum.

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66

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 14. Draw a labelled diagram to describe the surgical anatomy of the rectum and anal canal. Outline the pathology and clinical features of carcinoma of the rectum. 15. Outline the management of carcinoma of the rectum touching upon total mesorectal excision and sphincter saving resection. 16. Pathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma rectum. 17. Pathology, clinical features and management of rectal prolapse. 18. Write the lymphatic drainage of colon. How do you manage a case of carcinoma of rectum that is present in the middle third of the rectum? SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Anal manometry 2. Anterior resection 3. Bleeding PR 4. Ca middle third rectum 5. Duke’s staging 6. Early rectal cancer 7. Ischiorectal abscess 8. Lymphatic drainage of rectum 9. Perforation of rectum 10. Prolapse rectum 11. Rectal prolapse 12. Role of radiotherapy in Carcinoma Rectum 13. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 14. Staging systems in carcinoma rectum 15. Tumours of the rectum

E

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Y

41. ANUS AND ANAL CANAL LONG QUESTIONS 1. Anatomy of anal canal. Classification and management of congenital anorectal anomalies 2. Causes of anorectal sepsis. Pathogenesis, classification, management of fistula in ano. 67

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 3. Classify infections around anal canal and discuss the management. 4. Classify the types of fistula in ano and describe the recent concepts in their management. 5. Current trends classification and management of fistula in ano. 6. Describe the development of ano-rectum and discuss the management of high anal fistula. 7. Discuss the causes of anorectal suppurations and management of high anal fistula. 8. Malignant tumors of anal canal. 9. Surgical anatomy of anal canal. Discuss pathogenesis, classification and management of anorectal sepsis.

O

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Anal incontinence 2. Anal manometry 3. Anal sphincters 4. Anatomy of anal sphincter 5. Anorectal malformations 6. Anterior resection 7. Barium enema 8. Chemical sphincterotomy for anal fissure 9. Chronic Fissure- in- ano 10. Current trends in the management of acute fissure- in- ano 11. Fissure- in- ano 12. Fistula- in- ano 13. Goodsall’s rule 14. Haemorrhoids 15. Hematochezia 16. Hemorrhoids 17. High Anal fistulae 18. Imperforate anus 19. Lateral anal sphincterotomy 20. Lord’s Operation 21. Management of fistula-in-ano 22. Non-surgical treatment of hemorrhoids 23. Peri-anal suppurations

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68

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 24. Pilonidal sinus 25. Proctalgia fugax 26. Pruritis ano 27. Solitary rectal ulcer 28. Stapler haemorrhoidectomy 29. Surgical treatment of haemorrhoids 30. Treatment of fissure in ano 31. Treatment of high level fistula in ano 32. Treatment of third degree haemorrhoids

P

O

41. HERNIA, UMBILICUS, ABDOMINAL WALL

Y

LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify hernias. Discuss different treatment modalities for each type of hernia. 2. Describe different variety of ventral hernias of abdomen and indication for Shouldice repair. 3. Describe the types and clinical features and management of hiatal hernia. 4. Describe the various umbilical hernias and discuss their management. 5. Describe umbilical hernia and management of obstructed umbilical hernia. 6. Describe various types of hiatus hernia. Mention briefly investigations and management. 7. Discuss surgical anatomy, differential diagnosis, complication and management of a case of femoral hernia 8. Discuss surgical anatomy of inguinal canal. Discuss briefly factors responsible for recurrence of hernia. 9. Discuss the development of diaphragm. What are the various hernias of diaphragm? 10. Discuss the development of femoral hernia. Describe the management of strangulated femoral hernia. 11. Discuss the factors contributing to abdominal wound dehiscence and its management.

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69

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 12. Discuss the surgical anatomy, differential diagnosis, complications and management of a case of femoral hernia. 13. Discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of surgical incisions of abdomen. 14. Discuss various types of diaphragmatic hernia and management of hiatal hernia.

Y

SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Abdominal compartment syndrome 2. Abdominal incisions 3. Burst abdomen (wound dehiscence) - prevention and treatment 4. Causes of recurrent hernia 5. Classify inguinal hernia 6. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 7. Cystic lesions in femoral triangle 8. Desmoid tumor 9. Diaphragmatic hernia 10. Exomphalos 11. Femoral canal 12. Gastroschisis 13. Giant Scrotal hernia 14. Hiatus hernia 15. Inguinal hernioplasty 16. Interstitial hernia 17. Large abdominal hernia 18. Littre’s Hernia 19. Maydl’s hernia 20. Omphalocele 21. Pantaloon hernia 22. Raspberry tumour 23. Retroperitoneal tumors 24. Richter’s hernia 25. Sliding hernia 26. Spigelian hernia 27. Surgical Anatomy of Anterior Abdominal wall 28. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

Treatment of hiatus hernia Umbilical adenoma Umbilical fistula Umbilical hernia Umbilical polyp Umblical discharge Urachus Vitello intestinal duct

42. PRINCIPLES OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 2. Current position of non-biliary laparoscopic surgery. 3. Discuss laparoscopic surgical procedures for obesity. 4. Laparoscopic surgery- its present status. 5. Role of diagnostic laparoscopy.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Advantages of laparoscopic operations 2. Complications of laparoscopy 3. Complications peculiar to laparoscopic operations 4. Current position of non-biliary laparoscopic surgery 5. Diagnostic laparoscopy 6. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 7. Laparoscopic appendicectomy 8. Laparoscopy 9. Limitations of minimal access surgery 10. Non-Biliary Laparoscopic Surgery 11. Principles of laparoscopic surgery 12. Principles of port placements in laparoscopic surgery 13. Pros and Cons of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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43. FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS 71

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify fractures and discuss methods and principles of holding fractures in the lower limb. 2. Classify pelvis fractures. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of pelvic fractures. 3. Describe the clinical features and management of Colle’s fracture. 4. Describe the fractures neck of femur the complications and management. 5. Describe the various fractures of ribs and its management. 6. Discuss clinical features, fracture neck femur and its management. 7. Discuss the classification, management and complications of fractures of pelvis. 8. Discuss the clinical features and complication and management of supra-condylar fractures. 9. Discuss the management of a 70 year old man presenting with a fall and fracture neck femur. 10. Discuss the management of fracture pelvis. 11. Fracture both bones forearm its mechanism and management. 12. Write in detail on the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent dislocations of shoulder.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Arthroscopy 2. Avascular necrosis of femoral head 3. Brodie Trendelenberg test 4. Brodie’s abscess 5. Chronic shoulder dislocation 6. Classification of fracture maxilla 7. Claw hand 8. Colle’s fracture 9. Compartment syndrome 10. Complications of supra-condylar fracture of elbow 11. Congenital dislocation of the hip 12. CTEV 13. Factors causing non-union of fracture 14. Fat embolism

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 15. Fracture Patella 16. Fracture shaft of femur 17. Management of closed communited fracture shaft of humerus 18. Multiple myeloma 19. Painful arc syndrome 20. Pathological fracture 21. Pathology of acute osteomyelitis 22. Pelvic fracture 23. Phantom limb 24. Recurrent dislocation of shoulder 25. Sequestrum 26. Shoulder dislocation 27. Stress fracture 28. Supra-condylar fracture of humerus 29. TB hip 30. Volkmann’s contracture 31. Volkmann’s Ischaemic contracture

E

44. DISEASES OF BONE AND JOINT

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Chronic osteomyelitis. 2. Discuss the anatomy of ulnar bursa. How do you manage a case of ulnar bursa infection? 3. Pott’s paraplegia.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Arthroscopy 2. Charcot’s joint 3. Chronic osteomyelitis 4. Cold abscess 5. Congenital talipes equino varus 6. Frozen shoulder 7. Glenohumeral joint instability 8. Osteomyelitis 73

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 9. Pathology of acute osteomyelitis 10. Pott’s spine affecting the thoracic vertebra 11. Sequestrum 12. Suppurating tenosynovitis 13. Tennis elbow 14. Tenosynovitis 15. Total hip replacement 16. Tuberculosis of knee joint 17. Tuberculous arthritis of Hip Joint

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45. TUMOURS OF BONE AND JOINT

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify bone tumors and discuss the investigations and management of metastatic bone tumor of femur in a 55yr old woman. 2. Classify bone tumors. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis and management of osteogenic sarcoma of the lower end of femur. 3. Classify bone tumors. Discuss the clinical features, investigations and advances in the management of osteosarcoma.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Bone metastasis 2. Chondrosarcoma 3. Management of osteoclastoma 4. Multiple Exostosis (Diaphyseal aclasis) 5. Osteoclastoma 6. Osteogenic sarcoma 7. Osteosarcoma 8. Pathology of Ewing’s Tumour 9. Pathology of Osteoclastoma

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46. HAND LONG QUESTIONS 74

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 1. Describe the anatomy of hand and discuss the various infections and their management. 2. Discuss the surgical anatomy of hand. Discuss the etiology and management of fascial infections of hand. 3. Etiology and management of tendon injuries of hand. 4. Outline the management of hand injuries. 5. Surface anatomy of plamar spaces and hand infections. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute paronychia 2. Anatomy of palmar spaces 3. Carcinoid tumour 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome 5. Claw hand 6. Compound palmar ganglion 7. De Quervian’s tenosynovitis 8. Deep palmar space 9. Dupuytren’s disease 10. Fascial planes of hand 11. Flexor tendon injuries of the hand 12. Ganglia 13. Glomus tumor 14. Hand infections 15. Muscles of the palm and their nerve supply 16. Paronychia 17. Surgical anatomy of palmar space 18. Tenosynovitis of hand 19. Trigger finger 20. Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture

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47. FOOT LONG QUESTIONS 1. Clinical features, management and role of immunotherapy in lower limb malignant melanoma. 75

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 2. Crush injury of leg – management. 3. Discuss the etiology, natural history and management of malignant melanoma of the foot with special emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Above knee amputation 2. Below knee amputation 3. Diabetic foot 4. Diabetic ulcer foot 5. Hammer toe 6. Madura foot 7. Mycetoma foot 8. Surgical management of infections of the foot in diabetic patients 9. Trophic ulcer foot

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48. SPINE AND SPINAL CORD

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Discuss Pott’s paraplegia 2. Discuss the management of fractures of spine. 3. Discuss the pathology clinical features and management of spinal cord tumors.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Management of meningomylocele 2. Management of TB spine 3. Management of traumatic paraplegia 4. Meningocele 5. Spina bifida 6. Spinal cord tumors 7. TB spine 8. Traumatic paraplegia 9. Tuberculosis of the spine 76

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 49. NERVES LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe the anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. How will you prevent injury to this nerve during thyroidectomy? What are the clinical features and management of unilateral, bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury? 2. Describe the classification, clinical features and management of peripheral nerve injuries. 3. Discuss the management of trigeminal neuralgia 4. Formation of brachial plexus, clinical features and management of ulnar nerve palsy.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acoustic neuroma 2. Anatomy of radial nerve 3. Axonotemesis 4. Bell’s palsy 5. Carpal Tunnel syndrome 6. Classification and management of nerve injuries 7. Dermatomes 8. Entrapment neuropathy 9. Erb’s palsy 10. Facial Nerve injury 11. Horner’s Syndrome 12. Median nerve compression at the wrist 13. Median nerve injury 14. Meralgia Paraesthetica 15. Nerve grafting 16. Nerve injuries- different types and management of radial nerve injury 17. Nerve injuries of the upper limb 18. Nerve repair 19. Neuralgia paraesthetica 20. Neurolysis 21. Neuropraxia

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Phantom limb Progressive weakness of hand Radial nerve injury Surgery in Leprosy Trigeminal neuralgia Ulnar nerve compression Wrist drop

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50. CRANIUM (SCALP, SKULL, BRAIN)

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify brain tumors. Describe surgical technique of suboccipital craniotomy for exploration of posterior cranial fossa tumors. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of various patient positions used for exploration of posterior cranial fossa. 2. Classify hydrocephalus. Discuss investigation and management of a case. 3. Define head injury. Discuss the aetiology and clinical features. How will you investigate and manage a case of head injury in a 10 year old child. 4. Describe anatomical covering of brain how do you evaluate and manage head injuries. 5. Discuss chronic subdural hematoma. 6. Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage. 7. Discuss the injuries of brain, investigations and management in brief. 8. Discuss the management of a patient with severe head injury. 9. Discuss the mechanism of head injury. Discuss the clinical features, investigations and management of intracranial haemorrhage after head injury.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute subdural hematoma 2. Berry aneurysms 3. Brain death 78

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 4. Cerebral contusion 5. Cerebral oedema 6. Chronic subdural haematoma 7. Clinical examination of head injury 8. CT scan in head injury 9. Depressed fracture skull 10. Extradural haemorrhage 11. Froin’s Syndrome 12. Glasgow coma scale 13. Hydrocephalus 14. Indication of surgery in head injury 15. Indications for admission in a patient with head injury 16. Late effects of head injury 17. Lucid interval 18. Management of intracranial haemorrhage 19. Menigioma 20. Potts puffy tumor 21. SDH 22. Spinal headache 23. Subarachnoid haemorrhage 24. Subdural Haematoma 25. Tuberculoma

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51. URINARY SYMPTOMS, INVESTIGATION OF THE URINARY TRACT, ANURIA LONG QUESTIONS 1. Define anuria, classify it and discuss its aetiopathology, clinical presentations and management. 2. Discuss the etiology and management of anuria. 3. Discuss the tests for assessment of kidney function. 4. Discuss the uses of investigations in treatment of urinary tract infections. 5. Enumerate the causes of hematuria and discuss the special investigations and principles treatment. 79

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute retention of urine 2. Anuria 3. Causes of haematuria 4. Chyluria 5. Extravasation of urine 6. Haematuria 7. Intravenous urogram 8. Intravenous urography 9. Investigations for anuria 10. Retention of urine

52. KIDNEY AND URETERS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. 40 yr old with left renal mass and hypertension. Discuss the management. 2. Classify renal tumors. Discuss clinical features and management of RCC. 3. Classify renal tumors. Describe the clinical features and management of hypernephroma. 4. Classify renal tumors. Discuss in detail the clinical features, investigations and management of renal cell carcinoma. 5. Describe development of kidney ureter and their congenital anomalies. 6. Describe the clinical features and management of Grawitz tumor. 7. Describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of unilateral hydronephrosis 8. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of Wilm’s tumor. 9. Describe various types of urolithiasis. How do you manage a case of renal calculi? 10. Discuss causes of unilateral hydronephrosis. How do you manage a case of congenital hydronephrosis? 11. Discuss genito-urinary tuberculosis.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 12. Discuss in detail the aetiology, types, clinical features and management of hydronephrosis. 13. Discuss management of urolithiasis. 14. Discuss organ transplantation with particular reference to kidney. 15. Discuss pathogenesis of renal calculi and various treatments. 16. Discuss recent advances in management of urinary calculi. 17. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features and management of renal calculus. 18. Discuss the calculous diseases of the urinary tract. 19. Discuss the causes, clinical features, investigations and management of bilateral hydronephrosis. 20. Discuss the clinical features investigations and management of renal cell carcinoma. 21. Discuss the clinical features, complications, investigations and management of kidney injuries. 22. Discuss the current management of renal calculi. 23. Discuss the etiology of renal calculi. Describe the clinical features investigations and treatment of bilateral renal calculi. 24. Discuss the indications for and technique of urinary diversion. 25. Discuss the indications and types of surgery for hydronephrosis. Describe the dismembered pyloroplasty for right hydronephrosis. 26. Discuss the management of uremic patient. 27. Discuss the pathology and management of renal tuberculosis. 28. Discuss the pathology clinical features management of Wilm’s tumor. 29. Discuss the pathology, clinical features, staining and management of renal cell carcinoma. 30. Discuss the types, clinical features, investigations and treatment of renal injuries. 31. Discuss urinary diversions. 32. Enumerate causes of hematuria and discuss special investigations and principles of treatment. 33. Etiology and management of hematuria. 34. Etiology and management of injury to ureters. 35. Etiology pathology and management of hydronephrosis. 36. Genitourinary TB.

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 37. Indication and methods of urinary diversion. 38. Mention the pathology, staging, clinical features and management of hypernephroma (Grawitz tumour). 39. Pathology of renal TB. 40. Renal failure. 41. Renal calculi. 42. Update the etiology, diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma. 43. What are the causes of hematuria? Discuss the investigations of a case of hematuria. Discuss the treatment of carcinoma bladder. 44. What are the radiological methods available to investigate the genito urinary tract? How do you manage a 30 yr old with painless hematuria? 45. What is hydronephrosis? Write the causes for unilateral hydronephrosis and management of pelvi-ureteric obstruction in a child of 10 years.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Accidental ligation of both ureters 2. Acute pyelonephritis 3. Autonephrectomy 4. Complications of renal transplantion 5. Congenital abnormalities of kidney 6. Development of genitourinary system 7. Dietel’s crisis 8. E.S.W.L 9. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWL) 10. Genito urinary TB 11. Hematuria 12. Horse shoe kidney 13. Hydronephrosis 14. Hyperchloremic acidosis 15. Indication and methods of urinary diversion 16. Indication of renal transplant 17. IVP 18. Lithotripsy

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 19. Lower third ureter stone management 20. Management of lower ureteric stone 21. Management of Unilateral ischaemic kidney 22. Megaureter 23. Micturition cystourethrogram 24. Nephroblastoma 25. Nephron sparing nephrectomy 26. Oxalate stone 27. PCNL 28. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy 29. Perinephric abscess 30. Physiology of micturition 31. Polycystic kidney 32. Prevention of recurrence of renal stones 33. PUJ obstruction 34. Pyelonephritis 35. Pyonephrosis 36. Renal angiography 37. Renal artery stenosis 38. Renal cysts 39. Renal injuries 40. Renal swellings 41. Renal transplantation 42. Renogram 43. Solitary renal cyst 44. Solitary renal cyst 45. Staghorn calculous 46. Transitional carcinoma of urinary tract 47. Tuberculous lesions in kidney 48. Unilateral hydronephrosis 49. Unilateral hydronephrosis 50. Uranchal cyst 51. Ureteric injury 52. Ureterocele 53. Ureterocele 54. Urinary diversion

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 55. Wilm’s tumour

53. URINARY BLADDER LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe clinical features and management of traumatic neurogenic bladder. 2. Describe the diagnosis complications of diverticulum of bladder. 3. Describe the innervation of urinary bladder. What is neurological bladder, discuss its management. 4. Describe the pathology of carcinoma urinary bladder and the management of carcinoma bladder in brief. 5. Development of genitourinary tract and management of ectopia vesicae. 6. Diagnosis and complications of diverticulum of bladder. 7. Discuss bladder tumors. 8. Discuss pathology of bladder neoplasms how do you manage bladder tumors. 9. Discuss surgical aspects of urinary incontinence. 10. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigations and the management of carcinoma urinary bladder. 11. Etiology, pathology, clinical features and management of bladder carcinoma. 12. Pathology, investigation and treatment of bladder neck obstruction.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Autonomous Bladder 2. Bladder calculi 3. Bladder diverticulae 4. Bladder stone 5. Bladder tumours 6. Causes of bladder outlet obstruction 7. Continent urinary diversion 8. Ectopia vesicae 9. Extravasation of urine 84

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Hypotonic urinary bladder Management of papilloma of the bladder Neurogenic bladder Neurogenic incontinence Prune belly syndrome Rupture of bladder Schistosomiasis of bladder Thimble bladder Urinary bladder injuries Urodynamic studies VU reflux

54. URETHRA AND PENIS

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LONG QUESTIONS 1. Causes of hematuria. How do you manage a case of urethral injury? 2. Classify and discuss the management of urethral injuries. 3. Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of ruptured urethra. 4. Discuss the premalignant conditions, clinical features and management of carcinoma penis. 5. Discuss urethral injuries. 6. Etiology, pathogenesis and management of carcinoma penis. 7. Mention the pre-malignant conditions of the penis. Write the clinical features and management of carcinoma of penis. Add a note on inguinal block dissection. 8. Types of urethral rupture. Discuss management of case of traumatic rupture of urethra.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute retention of urine 2. Bowens disease 3. Buschke-Lowenstein tumour 4. Chyluria 5. Circumcision 85

Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 6. Epispadias 7. Fracture penis 8. Hypospadias 9. Ilioinguinal block dissection 10. Impotency in male 11. Management of carcinoma penis 12. Management of penis cancer 13. Meatal stenosis 14. Paraphimosis 15. Penile injuries 16. Penile ulcer 17. Peyronie’s disease 18. Posterior urethral valve 19. Posterior urethral valves 20. Premalignant conditions of penis 21. Premalignant conditions of the carcinoma of the penis 22. Priapism 23. Peyronie’s disease 24. Rupture of membranous urethra 25. Rupture of membranous urethra 26. Rupture of urethra 27. Rupture Posterior Urethra 28. Rupture Urethra 29. Stricture urethra 30. Urethral valves

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55. PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES LONG QUESTIONS 1. Describe the clinical features and management of benign enlargement of prostate. 2. Describe the surgical anatomy of prostate. Discuss the management of carcinoma of prostate. 3. Discuss benign prostatic hypertrophy and management. 4. Discuss BPH and its management 86

M.S. General Surgery Question Bank 5. Discuss surgical anatomy of the prostate gland. Discuss the clinical features and management of carcinoma prostate. 6. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis and management of carcinoma prostate. 7. Discuss the etiology, pathology, investigation and treatment of carcinoma prostate. 8. Discuss the merits and demerits of various methods employed in management of prostatic carcinoma. 9. Indication and management of vasectomy. 10. List the causes of retention of urine. How will you evaluate a patient with retention of urine? What are the indications for operative treatment in benign prostatic hypertrophy? Add a brief note on one method of prostatectomy in benign prostatic hypertrophy. 11. Non-surgical management of BPH.

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SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute prostatitis 2. BPH 3. Carcinoma of the prostate 4. Male infertility 5. Management of benign prostatic enlargement 6. Prostatectomy procedure 7. Prostatic calculi 8. PSA 9. Recanalisation of Vas Deferens 10. Surgical approaches to prostate 11. Surgical management of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 12. TURP

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56. TESTIS AND SCROTUM LONG QUESTIONS 1. Classify testicular tumors. Discuss the clinical features and management of seminoma testis. 87

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Compiled by Dr.Deevish N D (B.M.C.R.I) 2. Classify testicular tumors. Discuss the pathology, mode of spread investigations and treatment of teratoma testis. 3. Classify testicular tumours. Discuss clinical features, investigations, staging and management of testicular tumours. 4. Classify tumors of testis. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of seminoma of testis. 5. Classify tumors of the testis. Describe the clinical features and management of a malignant testicular tumor in an unmarried, 25yr old male patient. 6. Describe aetiology, pathology, clinical features and management of malignant tumors of testis. 7. Describe etiology pathology and clinical features and management of malignant tumors of testis. 8. Describe the development of testis. Discuss the management of incompletely descended testis. 9. Describe the development of testis and descent of testis. Discuss the management of cryptorchidism. 10. Describe the surgical anatomy of testis and spermatic cord and discuss the pathology of testicular tumors. 11. Development of testis management of undescended testis. 12. Discuss the development of testis and the management of undescended testis. 13. Discuss the indications technique and post-operative management of vasectomy. 14. Discuss the pathogenesis clinical features and treatment of torsion of testis. 15. Discuss the pathology clinical features and management of neoplasms of testis. 16. Discuss the pathology of testicular tumors. 17. Embryology of testicular descent sequela of imperfect descent of testis. 18. Mention the development of testis and write the clinical features of the undescended testis and complications of undescended testis. 19. Pathogenesis of testicular tumors and management.

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M.S. General Surgery Question Bank SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Acute scrotal swelling 2. Chemotherapy of testicular tumors 3. Complications and management of undescended testis 4. Complications of vasectomy 5. Cryptorchidism 6. Diagnosis of testicular tumours 7. Ectopic testis 8. Elephantiasis of scrotum 9. Encysted Hydrocoele 10. Fournier’s gangrene 11. Hydrocele 12. Imperfect descent of Testis 13. LGV 14. Male infertility 15. Management of seminoma testis 16. Non seminoma testicular tumor 17. Paratesticular tumours 18. Pathophysiology and management of varicocele 19. Scrotal sinus 20. Secondary hydrocoele 21. Seminoma 22. Spermatocele 23. Staging of seminoma testis 24. Staging of testicular tumours 25. TB epididymitis 26. Torsion testis 27. Treatment of NSGCT 28. Undescended testis 29. Varicocele

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“ Often the difference between a successful man and a failure is not one's better abilities or ideas, but the courage that one has to bet on his ideas, to take a calculated risk, and to act “ “ The person who really wants to do something finds a way; the others find an excuse ”

MS General Surgery Question Bank

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