MALAYSIAN STANDARD
MS 522: PART 1:2003
PORTLAND CEMENT (ORDINARY (ORDINARY A ND RAPIDRA PID-HARDENING HARDENING)) PART 1: SPECIFIC SPECIFICA A TION (SECOND REVISION)
ICS: 91.100.10 Descriptors: cement, portland, ordinary, rapid hardening, requirements, test methods
© Copyr Copyr ight 200 2003 DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
:
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF MAL MAL AYSIAN AYSIA N STANDARDS The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation and accreditation body.
The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards, standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and furthering international cooperation cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation. standardisation.
Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. To the greatest extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or any other similar ways.
The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent for distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards. For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact: Department of Standards Malaysia Level 1 & 2, Block C4, Parcel C Federal Government Administrative Centre 62502 Putrajaya MALAYSIA
OR
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http://www.sirim.my
E-mail:
[email protected]
MS 522: PART 1: 2003 CONTENTS Page
Committee representation .....................................................….............. ..…….....
iii
Foreword ...................................................................... ..................……...............
iv
1
Scope ……………………………………………………………………………………
1
2
Referenced documents ………………………………………………………………..
1
3
Composition and manufacture of Portland cement …………………………………
1
4
Chemical requirements …………………………………………………………………
2
5
Physical requirements …………………………………………………………………
4
6
Storage ………………………………………………………………………………….
6
7
Sampling …………………………………………………………………………….…..
6
8
Compliance ………………………………………………………………………..…….
6
9
Manufacturer’s certificate …………………………………………………………..….
7
10
Packaging and delivery …………………………………………………………….….
7
11
Marking ………………………………………………………………………………..…
7
12
Product certification ………………………………………………………………..…..
8
A1
Typical sampling tube……………………………………………………………….….
12
A2
Typical sampling ladle …………………………………………………………………
13
A3
Certificate of sampling ………………………………………………………………….
14
Determination of the percentage (by mass of total cement) of the oxide …………. in cement…………………………………………………………………………………..
3
Maximum total sulphur expressed as SO3 (%) …………………………………….…
3
Figures
Tables 1
2
i
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
CONTENTS (continued) Page Appendices
A
Methods of sampling ……………………………………………………………………
9
B
Determination of chloride content ……………………………………………………..
15
C
Product guidance ……………………………………………………………………….
18
ii
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Committee representation The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Commi ttee (ISC D) under whose supervision this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Associations of Consulting Engineers Malaysia Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia Masters Builder’s Association Malaysia Jabatan Perumahan Negara Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia Malaysian Timber Industry Board Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia
The Technical Committee on Cement and Concrete which developed this Standard was managed by the Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia in its capacity as an authorised Standards-Writing Organisation and comprised the following organisations: Associated Pan Malaysia Cement Sdn Bhd Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia Cement & Concrete Association of Malaysia (Secretariat) Cement Industries of Malaysia Bhd Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia CMS Cement Sdn Bhd IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd Master Builders Association Malaysia National Ready Mixed Concrete Association Negeri Sembilan Cement Industries Sdn Bhd Pahang Cement Sdn Bhd Perak-Hanjoong Simen Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd Tasek Corporation Bhd The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia University Malaya University Teknologi Malaysia
iii
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
FOREWORD This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Cement under the authority of the Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee. Development of this standard was carried out by the Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia which is the Standards Writing Organisation appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for cement. This standard is the second revision of MS 522: Part 1, ‘Specification for Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening): Part 1: Standard Specification’. It has also incorporated all the amendments approved in 1992. Major changes featured in the second revision are as follows: a)
Incorporation of prism mortar test as the 3rd method for ‘compressive strength’ testing.
b)
Withdrawal of Clause 8 on ‘Cost of Testing’ as it was not relevant to the standard development.
c)
Introduction of new clauses 10,11 and 12 on ‘Marking’, ‘Packaging and Delivery’ and ‘Product Certification’ respectively.
d)
The title has been amended from ‘Specification for Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening): Part 1: Standard Specification’ to ‘Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening): Part 1: Specification’.
This revised standard will cancel and replace MS 522: Part 1:1989. MS 522 consists of the following parts under the general title, Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening). a)
Part 1: Specification
b)
Part 2: Physical test
c)
Part 3: Chemical analysis
d)
Part 4: Spectrophotometric analysis
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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MS 522: PART 1: 2003
PORTLAND CEMENT (ORDINARY AND RAPID-HARDENING) PART 1: SPECIFICATION (SECOND REVISION) 1.
Scope
This standard covers the manufacture, chemical and physical requirements, storage, sampling and marking of the following types of Portland cement: a)
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC); and
b)
Rapid-hardening Portland cement (RHPC).
2.
Referenced docu ments
The following referenced documents contain provisions which, through reference in these texts, constitute provision of this standard. For dated references, where there are subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the referenced documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. MS 522 : Part 2 : 1989, Specification for Portland Cement ( Ordinary and Rapid- Hardening) : Part 2 : Physical Tests (First revision) MS 522 : Part 3 : 1989, Specification for Portland Cement ( Ordinary and Rapid- Hardening) : Part 3 : Chemical Analysis (First revision) MS 522 : Part 4 : 1989, Specification for Portland Cement ( Ordinary and Rapid- Hardening) : Part 4 : Spectrophotometric analysis (First revision) MS 975 : 1985, Specification for processing addition for use in the manufacture of hydraulic cement MS ISO 679 : 2001,
Methods of testing cement – Determination of strength
BS EN 12878 : 1999, Pigments for colouring of building materials based on cement and/or lime – specification and method of test.
3.
Composition and manufacture of Portland cement
The cement, whether ordinary or rapid-hardening, shall be obtained by pulverizing 3.1 clinker, consisting mostly of calcium silicates obtained by heating to partial fusion a predetermined and homogeneous mixture of materials containing principally lime (CaO) and silica (SiO2) with a smaller proportion of alumina (Al2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). 3.2
The cement shall contain no additions except as provided for below. 1
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
a)
Water or gypsum or anhydrite, or other derivatives for calcium sulphate, or any combination of these substances; the amount of addition to be such that the limit shown for sulphuric anhydride and loss on ignition shall not be exceeded.
b)
Metallic iron from the grinding process which shall not be regarded as an addition.
c)
Grinding aids in a proportion by mass that shall not exceed 1.0 %.
NOTE. These grinding aids should not promote corrosion of the reinforcement or impair the properties of the cement or of the mortar or concrete made from the cement.
d)
For Ordinary Portland Cement, the clinker may be mixed and pulverized with any one or some of the following minor additional constituent: i)
granulated blast-furnace slag;
ii)
pozzolanic siliceous materials;
iii)
pulverized fuel ash; and
iv)
limestone.
The total amount of such material shall not be more than 5 % of the cement. e)
Any other additions that shall comply with MS 975.
3.3 However, coloured Portland cements shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard provided that: a)
the pigments comply with the requirements of BS EN 12878;
b)
the chemical composition of the Portland cement constituent complies with Clause 4 of this standard; and
c)
the cement as a whole complies with the requirements of this Standard with the exception of Clause 4.
4.
Chemical requir ements
The cement shall comply with the following chemical requirements. 4.1
Lime saturati on factor (LSF)
The lime saturation factor shall be not greater than 1.02 and not less than 0.66 when calculated by the formula:
(CaO) - 0.7 (SO ) LSF =
3
2.8 (SiO ) + 1.2 (Al O ) + 0.65 (Fe O ) 2
2
2
3
2
3
MS 522: PART 1: 2003 where each symbol in parentheses refers to the percentage (by mass of total cement) of the oxide, as determined by the one of the methods specified in the Table 1. Table 1. Determination of the percentage (by mass of total cement) of the oxide in c ement
Constituents
4.2
Methods MS 522: Part 3
MS 522: Part 4
SiO2
Clause 5
Clause 7.2
CaO
Clause 7
Clause 7.5
Al2O3
Clause 10
Clause 7.3
Fe2O3
Clause 9
Clause 7.3
SO3
Clause 13
Clause 7.6
Insolu ble residu e
The mass of insoluble residue, as determined by the method described under Clause 12 of MS 522: Part 3 shall not exceed 1.5 % (m/m) for cement not containing a minor additional constituent and 5.0 % (m/m) for cement containing a minor additional constituent. 4.3
Magnesiu m oxi de
The mass of magnesium oxide as determined by the method described under Clause 8 of MS 522: Part 3 or Clause 7.4 of MS 522: Part 4, shall not exceed 5.0 %. 4.4
Sulphur ic anhydri de
The mass of total sulphur, expressed as SO3 and determined by the method described under Clause 13 of MS 522 Part 3 or Clause 7.6 of MS 522: Part 4 shall not exceed the appropriate value in Table 2. Table 2. Maxim um total sul phur expressed as SO 3 (%)
Cement
When tri calciu m alumin ate is 5 % or less
When t ricalcium aluminate is mo re than 5 %
OPC
2.5
3.0
RHPC
3.0
3.5
NOTE. The tricalcium aluminate content (C 3 A) is calculated by the formula: C3 A = 2.65 (Al2O3) − 1.69 (Fe 2O3) where, C = CaO A = Al2O3
3
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Where each symbol in parentheses refers to the percentage (by mass of total cement) of the oxide, as determined by the methods specified in Table 1, excluding any Al 2O3 contained in the insoluble residue referred to in 4.2 of this standard.
4.5
Loss on ignition
The loss on ignition, as determined by the method described under Clause 11 of MS 522: Part 3 shall not exceed 4.0 % (m/m) for cement not containing a calcareous minor additional constituent and 5 % (m/m) for cement containing a calcareous minor additional constituent.
4.6
Chloride
The chloride, as determined by the method described in Appendix B shall not exceed 0.1 % (m/m).
5.
Physical requir ements
5.1
Fineness
The cement shall be tested for fineness by the method described under Clause 1 or Clause 2 of MS 522: Part 2 and shall have the following values for specific surface: 2
a)
Ordinary Portland cement: minimum 225 m /kg; and
b)
Rapid-hardening Portland cement: minimum 325 m /kg
5.2
Soundness
2
The cement, when tested for soundness by the Le Chatelier method described under Clause 3 of MS 522: Part 2 shall have an expansion of not more than 10 mm. If the cement fails to comply with this requirement, a further test shall be made in the manner described. For this test, another portion of the same sample shall be used after it has been aerated by being spread out to a depth of 75 ± 5 mm at a relative humidity of 50 % to 80 % for a total period of 7 days. The expansion of this aerated sub-sample shall not exceed 5 mm. If the mass of magnesium oxide contained in the cement exceeds 5.0 %, the soundness of the cement shall be determined by the autoclave expansion test described under Clause 4 of MS 522: Part 2. In this case, the cement shall not have an expansion of more than 0.8 %. 5.3
Setting time
The setting times of cement paste of standard consistence as determined by the methods described under MS 522: Part 2 shall be: a)
Initial setting time:
not less than 45 min; and
b)
Final setting time:
not more than 10 hrs
4
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
5.4
Compressi ve str ength
The cement shall be tested for compressive strength by one of the methods specified in 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3. 5.4.1
Method 1
The average compressive strength of three mortar cubes, prepared, stored and tested as described under Clause 7 of MS 522: Part 2 shall be: 5.4.1.1 Ordinary Portland cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 23.0 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not 2 less than 41.0 N/mm
5.4.1.2 Rapid-hardening Portland cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 29.0 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not less 2 than 46.0 N/mm
5.4.2
Method 2
The average compressive strength of three concrete cubes prepared, stored and tested as described under Clause 8 of MS 522: Part 2 shall be: 5.4.2.1 Ordinary Portl and cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 11.5 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not 2 less than 26.0 N/mm
5.4.2.2 Rapid-hardening Portland cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 18.0 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not 2 less than 31.0 N/mm
5.4.3
Method 3
The average compressive strength of mortar prisms prepared, stored and tested as described under MS ISO 679 shall be: 5.4.3.1 Ordinary Portland cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 16 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not 2 less than 36.0 N/mm 5
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
5.4.3.2 Rapid-hardening Portland cement 2
a)
at 3 days (72 ± 1 hr):
not less than 24.0 N/mm ; and
b)
at 28 days:
higher than the compressive strength at 3 days and not 2 less than 41.0 N/mm
NOTE. In the event of a dispute, a re-test shall be carried out in the presence of representatives of the two parties concerned. When method 2 is employed the aggregate to be used in the re-test shall be agreed upon by both parties. If an aggregate cannot be agreed upon then method 1 or 3 shall be used.
6.
Storage
The cement shall be stored in such a manner that affords easy access for inspection. The building used for such a purpose shall be weather-proof and well ventilated to protect the cement from dampness and to minimise warehouse deterioration.
7.
Sampling
If a sample is required for independent tests, it shall be taken, at the option of the purchaser or his representative, before delivery or within 1 week after delivery of the cement, by the method described in Appendix A. The tests shall be commenced within 4 weeks of delivery. If the vendor so desires, he or his representative shall be present at the sampling. 7.1
Faciliti es for sampling and identifying
When a sample of cement for testing is to be taken on the premises of the vendor, he shall afford every facility and provide all labour and materials for taking and packing the sample and, as far as possible, for subsequently identifying the cement sampled. NOTE. It is recognised that there may sometimes be difficulty in complying with this requirement since it may not be possible to identify a particular consignment of cement after it has been placed with other cement in a silo on the user’s site.
7.2
Resampling
In the event of a dispute, a further sample shall be taken from the lot, for testing by a laboratory acceptable to both parties. The sample shall be taken not later than 10 weeks after delivery of the cement provided that the storage is according to Clause 5.
8.
Compliance
Any consignment is part of a consignment which, when sampled in accorda nce with Clause 7, fails to comply with any one or more of the requirements of this standard, shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.
6
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
9.
Manuf acturer’s certif icate
9.1 The manufacturer shall be satisfied that the cement at the time of its delivery complies with the requirements of this standard and, if requested, he shall forward a certificate to this effect to the purchaser or his representative. 9.2
The certificate shall include the following information:
a)
name and address of the manufacturer;
b)
number of the product certification licence; and
c)
name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the certificate on behalf of the manufacturer or of his authorised representative.
9.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall state in writing the nature, amount and identity of any processing addition that may have been used.
10.
Packaging and delivery
The delivery and packaging may be in bag or bulk. 10.1
Bagged cement
Bagged cement shall be packed in multi-ply paper bags. The net mass of the cement shall be 50 kg. The permissible tolerance on the mass of cement supplied in bags shall be ± 2.5 % per bag. NOTE. For a lorry load of bag cement, the permissible tolerance on the total mass of cement supplied shall be ± 0.5 %.
10.2
Bulk cement
Bulk cement can be delivered in the form of bulk tanker or wagon. The permissible tolerance on the total mass of cement supplied shall be ± 0.5 %
11.
Marking
11.1
Bagged cement
In the case of bagged cement, the product certification marking, the product certification number and the accompanying information is as given below: a)
brand name;
b)
type of cement;
c)
company logo;
d)
name of manufacturer;
7
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
e)
address;
f)
certification licence number;
g)
retail price; and
h)
net weight.
11.2
Bulk cement
In the case of bulk cement, the product certification marking, the product certification licence number and the accompanying information as listed for bagged cement should be affixed in some suitable practical form on the accompanying commercial documents.
12.
Product certification
Each product, may by arrangement with a recognised certification body, be marked with the certification mark of that body, provided the product conforms to the requirements of the standard.
8
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Ap pendi x A (normative) Methods of sampling A1.
Ap pl icat io n
A1.1 This appendix describes methods for obtaining samples of cement for test purposes from deliveries. The sampling situations covered are: a)
cement in bags, drums or other packages (A5.1);
b)
cement in bulk-delivery vehicles (A5.2);
c)
cement on discharge from a storage silo (A5.3).
A2.
Gener al
Samples shall be taken using clean, dry equipment and shall be stored in clean, dry, airtight sample containers.
A3.
Size o f sam pl es
Samples shall be of 10 kg minimum mass taken in accordance with Clause 6.
A4.
Repr esentati on
A4.1 The quantity of cement represented by a sample shall not normally exceed 30 tonnes. A4.2 When the mass of cement in any container exceeds 30 tonnes, special arrangements, based on the general principles of the sampling methods described in this standard, shall be agreed upon between the parties concerned.
A5.
Samp li ng met ho ds
A5.1
Cement in bags, drums or other packages
Samples shall consist of at least five sub-samples obtained, if possible, from different containers. The containers to be sampled shall be selected by: a)
allocating, in a systematic order, a number to each container in the delivery;
b)
dividing the total number of containers by the number of sub-samples required to identify different parts of the delivery; and
9
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
c)
selecting, at random from each part, a container to be sampled.
When there are fewer than five containers, each container shall be sampled and approximately the same quantity of cement shall be taken from each container. The use of a sampling tube is preferred. A5.1.1 Sampli ng by sampling t ube A suitable form of tube is shown in Figure A1. Marks on the collars of both tubes correspond to the centre line of the slots so that, when the mark on the inner tube is lined up with the mark on the outer tube, the slots are open. The closed sampling tube shall be inserted into an opened container and driven into the cement. The tube shall then be opened and rotated until it takes a full core of cement from substantially the entire length of the container. A5.1.2 Sampli ng by other methods When no sampling tube is available, the container shall be opened and a sub-sample taken by means of a scoop or other appropriate tool. A5.2
Cement in bulk -deli very vehicl e
A sample shall be obtained by use of a sampling ladle. A suitable form of ladle is shown in Figure A2. Before any cement is discharged, the inspection cover on the top of the delivery vehicle shall be removed. The top 150 mm (approximately) of the cement shall be scrapped aside. The exposed surface shall be sampled by ladling from it a sufficient number of sub-samples. Each subsample shall be taken by filling the ladle to its capacity (any excess removed). Sampling of a sub-sample shall be repeated when any part of a sub-sample is lost when transferring from the ladle to the sample container. A5.3
Cement fr om th e disc harg e of a storage sil o
A sub-sample shall be obtained from the silo discharge by use of a scoop or other appropriate tool. At least three sub-samples shall be taken evenly spaced through the discharge from the silo. The sub-samples shall be combined to form the sample. A sample of cement taken from a silo shall be taken as representing only the quantity of the cement discharged at the time of sampling. It shall not be taken as representing a particular batch or delivery of cement to the silo unless the silo is known to contain no other cement.
A6.
Sto rag e and del iv ery sampl es
Immediately after being taken, the sample shall be stored in a clean, dry, airtight container made of metal or glass. The volume of air remaining in the filled container shall be the minimum practicable.
10
MS 522: PART 1: 2003 A7.
Cert if ic ate of sam pl in g
The sample shall be accompanied by a certificate of sampling on which shall be recorded information identifying the material and the method of sampling. The general form of the certificate is shown in Figure A3.
11
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Figure A1. Typical sampling tube
12
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
a) Side view
b) Front view
Approximate dimensions of sampling ladle Diameter Depth of ladle Handle length
225 mm 175 mm 1800 mm
Figure A2. Typical sampling ladle
13
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Certificate of sampling in accordance with this standard
Material Type of cement: Source of supply: Nature and size of consignment sampled: Identification consignment sampled: Date of delivery of cement:
Sampling Date of sampling: Method of sampling: Name and signature of sampler: Organisation:
Figure A3. Certific ate of sampli ng
14
MS 522: PART 1: 2003 Ap pendi x B (normative) Determination of chlorid e content
B1.
Principle -
This method gives the total halogen content except for fluoride and expresses the result as Cl . The cement sample is decomposed with boiling dilute nitric acid. Sulphides are oxidised into sulphates and do not interfere. The dissolved chloride is precipitated using a known volume of a standard silver nitrate solution. After boiling, the precipitate is washed with dilute nitric acid and discarded. The filtrate and washings are cooled to less than 25 °C and the residual silver nitrate is titrated with a standard ammonium thiocyanate solution using an iron (III) salt as indicator.
B2.
Reagents
B2.1
Concentrated nit ric acid (HNO3)
B2.2
Dilute nitric acid, 1 + 2
B2.3
Dilute nitric acid, 1 + 100
B2.4
Silver nit rate (AgNO3), dried at 150 °C
B2.5
Silver nit rate solu tion 0.05 mol/L
Dissolve 8.494 g of silver nitrate in water in a 1000 mL volumetric flask and make up to the mark. Store the solution in a brown glass flask and protect it from the light. B2.6
Ammo nium thi ocyanate (NH4SCN)
B2.7
Ammonium thiocyanate solution , approximately 0.05 mol/L
Dissolve 3.8 g of ammonium thiocyanate in water and make up to 1000 mL B2.8
Ammo nium iron (III) sul phate (NH4Fe(SO 4)2.12H2O)
B2.9
Indicator solutio n
Add 10 mL of dilute nitric acid 1 + 2 to 100 mL of a cold saturated solution of ammonium iron (III) sulphate in water.
B3.
Apparatus
B3.1
Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.0001 g
B3.2
10 mL burett e, graduated to 0.1 mL
B3.3
Dessicator, containing anhydrous magnesium perchlorate (Mg (Cl O4)2)
15
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
B3.4
Filter paper, coarse (pore diameter approximately 20μm)
B3.5
5 mL pipett e
B4.
Procedure
B4.1 Weigh (5 ± 0.05) g of cement and place in a 250 mL beaker, add 50 mL of water and while stirring with a glass rod, 50 mL of dilute nitric acid 1 + 2 (B.2.2). Heat the mixture to boiling, stirring occasionally, and boil for 1 min. Add 5 mL of silver nitrate solution (B.2.5) by pippette (B.3.5) into the boiling solution. Then boil for a maximum of 1 min and filter through a filter paper (B.3.4) washed before use with dilute nitric acid (1 + 100) (B.2.3) into a 500 mL flask. Wash the beaker, glass rod and filter paper with dilute nitric acid 1 + 100 until the volume of the filtrate and the washings is 200 mL. Cool the filtrate and washings to below 25 o C. B4.2 Add 5 mL indicator solution (B.2.9) and titrate with the ammonium thiocyanate solution (B.2.7) shaking vigorously until a drop of this solution produces a faint reddish-brown colouration which no longer disappears on shaking. Record the volumeV1. B4.4 If the chloride content of cement exceeds 0.17 %, it will be necessary to start the test again with a smaller quantity of cement. B4.5 Carry out the same procedure with no cement sample and record the volume,V2, of ammonium thiocycanate solution used in the blank titration.
B5.
Expression of results
Calculate the chloride content (in %) from the formula:
-
Cl =
1.773 1000
x (V - V ) x 2
1
100 m
1
(V - V ) = 0.1773 x
2
1
m
1
where, V1
is the volume of the ammonium thiocyanate solution used for the titration of the test solution;
V2
is the volume of the ammonium thiocyanate solution used for the titration of the blank solution; and
m1
is the mass of the cement test portion.
The mean of the two results shall be rounded to the nearest 0.01 %.
16
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
B6.
Repeatability and reproducibil ity
The standard deviation of repeatability is
0.005 %.
The standard deviation of reproducibility is
0.010 %.
17
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
Ap pendi x C (informative) Product g uidance C1.
Safety warnin g
Dry cement in normal use has no harmful effect on dry skin. When cement is mixed C1.1 with water, alkali is released. Precautions should therefore be taken to avoid dry cement entering the eyes, mouth and nose and to prevent skin contact with wet cement. C1.2 Repeated skin contact with wet cement over a period may cause irritant contact dermatitis. The abrasiveness of the particles of cement and aggregate in mortar or concrete can contribute to this effect. Continued contact during a working day can lead to cement burns with ulceration but is not common. Some people are sensitive to the small amounts of the chromate which may be present in cement and can develop allergic contact dermatitis, but this is rare. C1.3 When working in places where dry cement becomes airborne, protection for the eyes, mouth and nose should be worn. C1.4 When working with wet mortar or concrete, waterproof or other suitable protective clothing should be worn such as long sleeved shirt, full length trousers, waterproof gloves and wellington boots. Clothing contaminated with wet cement, mortar or concrete should be removed and washed before further use. C1.5 If cement enters the eyes it should immediately be washed out thoroughly with clean water and medical treatment should be sought without delay. Wet mortar or concrete on the skin should be washed off immediately.
C2.
Storage
C2.1 To protect cement from premature hydration after delivery, bulk silos should be waterproof and internal condensation should be minimised. C2.2 Paper bags should be stored clear of the ground, not more than eight bags high and protected by a waterproof structure. As significant strength losses begin after 4 weeks to 6 weeks of storage in bags in normal conditions (and considerably sooner under adverse weather conditions or high humidity), deliveries should be controlled and used in order of receipt. Manufacturers are able to provide a system of marking a high proportion of the bags in each delivery to indicate when they were filled.
18
MS 522: PART 1: 2003
C3.
Grouting, rendering, applications
tiles,
fibre
board
and
other
similar
Where cement is to be used in manufacturing of grouts, renders, tiles, fibre board, etc., it is recommended that the user passes the cement through a screen of suitable mesh aperture to retain any occasional coarse particles. Occasional coarse particles is to be expected in the cement production process.
C4.
Heat generati on
The cement hydration process generates heat, particularly in the first few days. Cement with higher early strength usually have a initial rate of heat generation than those with lower early strength. A higher initial rate of heat generation may be an advantage for thinner concrete sections in cold weather because it reduces the need for extended striking times and the tendency for early – age frost damage. Conversely, it may be disadvantage for larger concrete sections in either hot or cold weather on account of the temperature gradients which are set up.
C5.
Alk ali-sili ca reaction
Ordinary Portland Cement conforming to this standard, may not be able to counter-act alkalisilica reaction.
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Ac kn ow led gem ent s Tuan Haji Yahya Ariffin (Chairman), Cik Elaine Chiew (Secretary), Encik Hafiz Yusof, Encik Mohd Fauzi Ahmad, Ir. Soo Thong Phor, Encik MKS Maniam a/l Kuppusamy, Encik E.U Kidav, Cik Salmah Mohd Nordin, Puan Raja Nor Siha Raja Abdul Hanan, Encik C.F Chong, Encik Mohd Rodzi Abd Hamid, Dr Fadhadli Hj Zakaria, Prof Madya Dr Hilmi Mahmud, Encik Eric Wong, Encik Gan Hock Seng, Encik Mohd Faizal Abd Hamid, Encik Abdul Talib Lazim, Encik Norman Tan, Encik Hooi Wing Chuen.
