Industrial Hygiene & Ergonomics Division DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MALAYSIA
To revise and improve on the requirements in the existing COP and to add new requirements so that they are relevant with the current needs and practice by the industry
Guideline for Safe Working in a Confined Space
2001
2003
2008
2010
Code of Practice for Safe Working in a Confined Space
Code of Practice for Safe Working in a Confined Space gazetted
Review on Code of Practice for Safe Working in a Confined Space
Industry Code of Practice for Safe Working in a Confined Space
[P.U. (B) 224]
[P.U.(B) 324]
What is a confined space?
Does not apply to: • Und Under ergr groun ound d min mining ing • Other places not atmos at mosphe pheric ric pr press essur ure e
at
• Enclosed or partially enclosed space tha hatt is at atmo mosp sphe herre pr pres essu surre du duri ring ng occupancy • Not intended or designed primarily as a place of work ould ld ha hav ve restr tric ictted me mea ans for entr try y • Cou and exit
INDUSTRY CODE OF PRACTICE CONFINED SPACE SPACE 2010 201 0 Confined space is liable at any time to:
Genera Gene rall req require uiremen ments ts
• Have an atmosphere which contains • To po posst da dang nger er si sign gn potentially harmful levels of • To develop and implement a written contaminants conf co nfine ined d sp spac ace e pr prog ogrram • Ha Hav ve an oxy xyg gen de defi fici cie enc ncy y or exces esss • To take eff ffe ect ctiive mea easu surres to pr pre event • Cau Cause se eng engulfm ulfmen entt unauthorized persons fr fro om entering the th e con onfi fine ned d sp spac ace e
ICOP 2010 Confined Space Entry Programme Programme • Formulate a confined space entry programme • At least have have 15 elements
Requirements • Permit System ,Permit to work, Isolation requirements, Requirement to ensure safety of Atmosphere, Entry into hazardous atmosphere, Rescue and Emergency services, Health requirement , Additional precautions and record keeping
Duties of Responsible Persons • Employer as owner of industry • Employer as contractor • Permit issuer • Entry supervisor • AGT AGT – Autori Autorised sed Gas Tas Taste terr tand-- by Per Perso son n • SP - Stand • AE – Auto Autori rise sed d Entr Entran antt
Risk assessment Risk control Standby Person Monitoring of multiple confined spaces Permit system Sign posting Employee training
Equipment Means of communication External hazard protection Identification of duties Information to the contractor contractor Coordination of entry operations Conclusion of entry
O2 deficiency
Explosion or fire
Slips, trips and falls
Excessive O2
Hazard
Presence of
contaminants
(1) Manual Handling
Noise
Radiation
Temperature
Shall be carried out prior to work involving entry into confined space Shall be carried out by assessor if there is any chemicals hazardous to health used in the confined s ace To be revised whenever there is evidence to indicate the assessment is no longer valid / every 5 years / when directed by DG, DDG or Director of DOSH Appendix Appe ndix A – ex example ample of risk risk assessme assessment nt Appendix Appe ndix B – sampl sample e of risk risk assessmen assessmentt form form
Risk assessment
Nature of confined space
Factors
Hazards identified
Actual method selected and plan proposed
Emergency and rescue procedure
number of AE/SP duration status of fitness and
adequacy of instructions availability and adequacy of PPE rescue equipment
Proposed operations and work procedures Ste s needed to brin c s ace to atmospheric pressure Cleaning and purging Hot work method Soundness and security of overall structure, and the need for illumination and visibility Need for additional protective measures Method of ventilation ventilation Evaluation of gases / substances
Specifying acceptable entry conditions
Verifying testing)
RISK CONTROL (3)
Purging, inerting, flushing or ventilating
At least least one SP outside the confined space
For monitoring monitoring of multiple confined spaces by a single SP,, programme SP programme shall include means and procedures procedures to ena e o respon o an emergency a ec ng one or more of the confined spaces monitored without distraction from the SP’s responsibilities
Written system for preparation, issuance, implementation implement ation and cancellation of PTW
Warning signages shall be posted at conspicuouss places when work is carried out conspicuou after the issuance of PTW
All employees who are involved in confined space operation shall undergo training on confined space safety course approved by DG and passed the examination
Means of communication (10) Walki alkie e talk talkie ie Hand signal Light Cord signal
Physical barriers shall be provided to control potential hazards posed by pedestrians and vehicles
Employer shall designate and identify the duties of employees employees to be AE/SP AE/SP/ES/ /ES/AGT AGT/PI /PI or other other related personnel in entry operation These personnel personnel shall carry out their duties as in specified
Employer shall provide and brief contractors with information about the confined space hazards, safety rules and emergency procedures
Procedures shall be developed and implemented when employees are working at the same time as a s AEs in a confined space, so the employees of any other contractor
Procedures for concluding the entry shall be developed and implemented Debriefing shall be conducted after the closing of PTW
Programme shall be reviewed when employer has reasons to believe that meas me asur ures es tak aken en un unde derr it ma no nott rot otec ectt employees and that there is a need to revise the programme to correct deficiencies found to exist before subsequent entries are authorised
Shal Sh alll co con ntai ain n th the e fol ollo lowi wing ng in inffor orma mati tion on:: Confined spac ace e to be entered Purpose of entry Date and the authorised duration of the permit AEs within the confined space, by name / by such other means as will enable the SP to determine uickl and accurately, for the duration of the PTW, which AEs are inside the confi fin ned spa pace ce Permit issuer who signs the PTW ES Hazards of the confined space to be entered Measures used to isolate the confined space The acc cce eptable en enttry conditions --> refer USECHH Reg, 2000
Shal Sh alll co con ntai ain n th the e fol ollo lowi wing ng in inffor orma mati tion on:: Results of initial and periodic tests performed and accompanied by the names of AGTs and by an indication of wha wh at tes ests ts wer ere e pe perf rfor orme med d Communication procedures used by AE and SP Equi uip pme men nt, su such ch as PP PPE, E, tes esti tin ng eq equ uip ipme men nt, comm mmun unic ica ati tio on equ eq uip ipme men nt, em emer erg gen ency cy al alar arm m system an and d res escu cue e eq equ uip ipme men nt to be provided Any information which is necessary to be included SP an and d res escu cue e ar arrran ang gem emen ents ts Any additional permit, such as for hot work that has been issued to authorise work in the confined space Appendix C – additional info on hot work Appendix D – example of PTW
Prevent accidental introduction of hazardous material / substances into the confined space De-energise and lock out or de-energise and tag out all machinery that has moving parts Iso ate any ot er externa energy sources
Initial cleaning
Ventilation
Requirements
Purging
safety of safety of atmosphere Retest and/or monitoring
Testing and evaluation
Shall only be allowed under the following conditions… Atmosphere inside the confined space could not be brought to safe working conditions despite all reasonable effort made to purge, clean and ventilate the space
Nature of work procedure within the confined space is likely to degrade or contaminate the atmosphere in the confined space
Introduction of air into the confined space would pose additional risk to health and safety aspect of AE and the activities carried out therein / would detrimentally detrimentally affect the product, equipment or other substances contained contained in the confined space
AE entering shall use SCBA, compres compressed sed airline a irline breathing apparatus or special life supporting system, depending on the nature of works and hazards involved Contin Con tinuou uouss as mon monit itori orin n for LEL sha shall ll be car carrie ried d out during entry Proper type of explosimeter that can give true indication of the flammable gas level shall be used Hot work shall not be undertaken if explosimeter reading > 1% LEL Confined space shall not be entered if explosimeter reading > 10% LEL (If entry is still still necessary, necessary, appropriate appropriate positive positive pressure pressur e air-supplied breathin breathing g apparatus shall be used and entry shall be made under inert atmosphere as in slide # 26)
Additional requirements for rescue plan: AE shall wear a safety harness with lif lifeline eline attached to facilitate rescue operation in an emergency situation Appropriate Appropriat e number of air-supplied breathin breathing g apparatus by the rescuer Min. rescuer = 2
AE shall carry with him an a n escape set / additional supply of breathing breathin g air cylinder c ylinder for use in case of emergency In certain circumstances, such as work inside spheres / tall columns, it may be necessary to use a safety harness in conjunction with a special winch / pulley / additional manpower Shall be set up before entry starts
Where compressed airline breathing breathing apparatus is used, the airline coupling shall opera operate te on breathing air sys system tem using dedicated dedicat ed coupling with double locking mechanism. Coupling shall not be compatible with N 2, O2 or other gas systems
Conditions of compressed airline system system such as the hoses and fitting, air purifying element (filter), pressure relief relief valve, pressure regulator, pressure gauge and the compressed air cylinder or compressor shall be monitored at all times by trained personnel to ensure continuous continuous air supply whenever w henever the airline system is in use during entry Number of AE permitted to enter enter a confined space shall be limited according according to the available space, the number of escape routes and the rescue facilities
Purpose for introduction introduction of inert atmosphere inside confined space: Prevention of flammable and explosiv Prevention explosive e conditions through elimination of fuel, air or O 2 and energy in the form of heat, spark or flame contained in the confined space Prevention of other hazardous conditions through elimination of corrosive, toxic, infectious / harmful gases
Selection and application of inert gas requires careful matching of processes processes and products so as not to introduce other hazards resulting from chemical reactions
Special safety considerations: When working near open manhole where inert gas / other asphyxiant gas is used or contained in confined space, area shall be barricaded and warning signage shall be conspicuou conspicuously sly posted, and appropriate respiratory protection must be used When working with inert atmosphere containing toxic substances, concentration shall also be measured at locations in x y u If inert gas is constantly introduced and vented, a system shall be established to effectively maintain atmospheric pressure, and to monitor and reduce potential pressure built-up Inert atmosphere atmosphere is IDLH hence, SP and two other who are dedicated emergency response personnel who is trained in rescue techniques shall be present and equipped with equivalent / superior protective equipment Independent back up supply of inert gas must be provided to allow the confined space to be evacuated and made safe in the eventt of a loss of primary supply even s upply
Employer has to establish a rescue and first aid procedure and provide rescue equipment Res escu cue e proc oced edu ures sh shou oulld con onssid ider er:: e s ape an s ze o con ne space The nature of task to be performed Obsstac Ob aclles wi with thiin confi fine ned d sp spac ace e Size and position of the means of ingress and egress Number of persons in the confined space The number of standby persons required
Employer shall ensure that each member of the rescue Employer service…. is provided with, and is trained to use properly, the PPE and rescue equipment necessary. The emergency and rescue services team shall attend the course on rescue and emergency services shall be trained to perform the assigned rescue duties. Each member shall also receive the training required required of AE shall practice practice confined space rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations in which they remove dummies / actual persons from the actual / representative confined spaces shall be trained in basic first aid and CPR. At least one member is is holding current certification in first aid and CPR shall be certified physically and mentally fit to enter confined space
To facilitate non entry rescue, retrieval systems systems / methods shall be used whenever an AE enters enters a confined space, unless the retrieval retrieval equipment would increase the overall risk of entry / would not contribute to the rescue of entrant Retrieval system shall meet the following requirements: Each AE shall use a chest / full body harness, with a retrieval line attached The other end of retriev retrieval al line shall be attached to a mechanical device / fixed point outside the confined space. A mechanical device shall be available to retrieve personnel from vertical type of confined spaces > 1.5 metres deep
Employees should be certified physically and mentally fit, without health prob pr oble lems ms su such ch as as:: Hisstor Hi ory y of fi fits ts,, bl blac ack kou outs ts or fai ain nti ting ng attac ack ks Hea eart rt di dissea easse or he hear artt di dissorde derr Asth As thma ma,, br bron onch chit itis is or sh shor ortn tnes esss of br brea eath th Deafness en er ere s sease or or sease nvo v ng ng g ness an an oss o a an ance Clau Cl ausstr trop opho hobi bia a or ot othe herr me ment ntal al di diso sord rder er Neurological and MSD such as back pain or joint trouble that limits mobility Condition that limit movement such as gross obesity, pregnancy and physic phy sical al handic handicap ap Metaboli Met abolicc disea diseases ses Seri Se riou ouss de deffec ectt in ey eyes esig ight ht Any other disease or condition that may affect or endanger the person’s saffet sa ety y an and d he heal alth th
Health Surveillance / Exami Examination nation
Authorised entrant shall declare (in writing) that he is fit to enter confined con fined space – prio priorr to each entry entry
• Health Health fitne fitness ss certif certific icat ate e valid valid for 2 years • Health Health surv surveil eillan lance ce reco record rd to to be kept for 30 years – health examination checklist • Appe Append ndix ix H – exampl ample e of of health fitness certificate
• Appe Append ndix ix I – exampl ample e of of hea healt lth h status declaration
Training
• Employees who are involved in confined space operation to undergo training ing on confin fined spac pace safety course approved by DG and passed the examination
• Ever 2 ears • Module approved by DG
Training record
• Name Name of emp employ loyees ees attende ended d the the trai train ning ing • Resul esultt of examin aminat atio ion n • Sig Signatu naturres / ini initial tialss of trai train ners ers • Date of training
Use Us e of portab ablle elect ctrrical equipment Connect cte ed to an eart rth h-free ext xtrra low voltag age e supply Fitted with a flexible supply cable of heavy duty type Expl Ex plos osio ion n pr proo ooff an and d in intr trin insi siccal ally ly sa saffe
Suiitab Su abiility an and d safety of non electrical equipment Elimin Elim ina ate so sour urce cess of ig igni niti tion on Use of pneuma mattic tools are preferr rre ed
Maintenance of equipment used for entry Equipments to be inspected prior to use Maintained and thoroughly examined by a qualified person at least once a month Report on such examination to be kept
Employer shall retain each cancelled entry permit for at least 1 year, or until the next PTW (whichever is longer) to facilitate the review of con onfi fin ned sp spac ace e prog ogrram as but not limited to reports of inspection, risk assessment, training record, medical record, rescue plan, confined space entry program and checklist for the purpose of inspection by the DG
To in inffor orm m em emp plo loy yee eess / contr trac acttor… Confined space entry is allowed only through compliance with the confined space entry programme sti tipu pula late ted d un unde derr IC ICOP OP Previously identified hazards and his experience with the th e confi fine ned d sp spa ace Prec Pr ecau auti tion onar ary y me meas asur ures es or pr proc oced edur ures es im impl plem emen ente ted d Coor Co ordi dina natte en entr try y op oper era ati tion on wi with th co con ntr trac acto torrs Conduct debriefing at the end of entry Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry out thei th eirr du duti ties es
Obtain all available information regarding confined space hazards and entry information from the owner of industry Cooperate with owner of industry Brief the owner of industry of any hazards con onfr fron ontted or cr crea eatted (t (th hrou ough gh deb ebrrie iefi fin ng) If the contractor possess the site --> to comply duties of the owner of industry Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry out their duties
Identify all hazards and recommends control measures to ensure safe entry Ensure there is no incompatible activity in the vicinity of confined space Aut orize t e PTW Endorse the cancellation and closure of PTW
Test and interpret the reading from gas detector
Supervise all the activities before, during and aft fter er en entr try y op oper era ati tion on Terminate the entry and cancel the permit Verify that rescue services are available before any entry
To communicate with SP regularly To alert the SP whenever any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation is rec ecog ogni nise sed d To evacuate rom con ine space as quic y as possible if required
Continuously maintain an accurate count of AE in conf co nfin ined ed sp spac ace e Remain within his assigned work area outside the confined spac ace e during entry operation Communicate with AE and or fire watch re ularl to monitor entrants, and to alert the need to evacuate To summon rescue and emergency services as soon as he determines that AE may need assistance to escape from the confined space To perform non entry rescue as specified by the rescue procedure
No
Date
Industry
State
1
18 April 2006
Manufacturing
Melaka
2
2
29 May2006
Utilities (Sewerage)
Pulau Pinang
3
3
8 March 2007
Utilities (Sewerage)
Selangor
3
ay
anu ac ur ng
No. of fatalities
o or
5
20 Nov 2007
Utilities (Sewerage)
Johor
1
6
10 March 2008
Shipping
Johor
1
7
2 Feb 2009
Manufacturing
Selangor
1
8
23 April 2009
Utilities (Sewerage)
Selangor
1
9
11 Aug 2009
Fishing
Selangor
6
10
26 Sept 2009
Manufacturing (Palm oil)
Sabah
3
11
16 Feb 2010
Utilities (Sewerage)
Kuala Lumpur
2
12
21 March 2010
Construction
Sabah
6
No Safe Work Work Procedure developed develo ped for work in confined spaces Employer fail to identify gases that exist in confined s ace Workers’ health surveillance are not carried out
To ensure all confined space workers… obtain the necessary trainings prior to confined space entry undergo health surveillance / examination high turnov turnover er – cos costt and time spent spent are wast wasted ed
To ensure ensure all confined space spa ce works are a re completed according to schedule Lack of proper coordination for confined space works Insufficient trained personnels Safety Saf ety measures abandoned a bandoned
[email protected]
