Mpif-35

MPIF STANDARD 35 2016 Edition

Materials Standards Standards for

Metal Injection Molded Molde d Parts Parts

2016

Table of Contents—2016 Edition

MPIF Standard 35

Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts*

*See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts for Parts for structural parts made by the powder metallurgy (PM) process. *See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings for Bearings for bearings and bushings made by the PM process. *See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for P/F Steel Parts for Parts for steel components made by the powder forging (PF) process.

EXPLANATORY NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Minimum Value Concept .................................................................................. 3 Minimum Mechanical Property Values ............................................................ 3 Minimum Magnetic Property Values ......................................... ............................................................ ..................... 3 Minimum Controlled-Expansion Property Values .................. .................................... ...................... .... 3 Practical Methods of Demonstrating Part Performance ................ ................................. .................................. .................................. .................................. .............................. ............. 3 Typical Values ............... ............................... ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ........................ ........ 4 Chemical Composition...................................................................................... 4 Mechanical Properties ...................................................................................... 4 Heat Treatment ....................................................................................................... 4 Surface Finish ............ ........................ ........................ ....................... ....................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ........................ .................. ...... 4 Microstructure .......................................................................................................... 4 MIM Material Designation ........................ ................................................ ................................................. ................................. ........ 4 Material Selection ................. ................................. ................................ ................................ ................................. ................................. .................. .. 4 Grade Selection ...................................................................................................... 5 Density ................. .................................... ...................................... ....................................... ....................................... ................................ ............. 5 Ultimate Tensile Strength ................................................................................. 5 Yield Strength............... ............................... ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ......................... ......... 5 Elongation .......................................................................................................................... 5 Elastic Constants .................................................................................................... 5 Young’s Modulus (E) ........................................................................................ 5 Shear Modulus (G) ................................................................................................. 5 Poisson’s Ratio () ............. ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ............................ ............. 5 Impact Energy........... ...................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ..................... ......... 5 Macroindentation Hardness (Apparent) ........................................................... 5 Microindentation Hardness .................. ..................................... ....................................... ...................................... .................. 6 Corrosion Resistance ....................................................................................... 6 Sulfuric Acid Testing ...................................................................................... 6 Copper Sulfate Testing .................................................................................. 6 Boiling Water Testing..................................................................................... Testing..................................................................................... 6 Soft Magnetic Properties .................................................................................. 6 Magnetizing Field (H) ..................... ............................................ ............................................... ......................................... ................. 6 Induction (B) ......................................................................................................... 6 Maximum Induction (Bm) ............................................................................... 6 Maximum Permeability (µ max)....................... .............................................. .............................................. ......................... .. 6 Coercive Field (Hc)......................................................................................... 6 Residual Induction (Br )................................................................................... )................................................................................... 6 Thermal Properties................................ .............................................. ............................ ............................. ....................... ........ 7 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) ........................................................ 7 Thermal Conductivity........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ......................... ........... 7 SI Units ................... ....................................... ........................................ ....................................... ....................................... ............................ ........ 7 Referenced MPIF Standards ...................... .................................... ............................ ............................ .................. .... 7 Comparable Standard ...................................................................................... 7 DATA TABLES – INCH-POUND UNITS Low-Alloy Steels................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................. ................................. .................. 88-9 9 Stainless Steels ........................................................................................ 10-11 Soft-Magnetic Alloys............................................. ................................................................. .................................. ..............12-13 Controlled-Expansion Alloys ................. .................................... ...................................... .............................. ...........14-15 Copper .............. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................ .......... 16-17

DATA TABLES – SI UNITS Low-Alloy Steels ....................................................................................... 18-19 Stainless Steels ........................................................................................ 20-21 Soft-Magnetic Alloys ................................................................................. 22-23 Controlled-Expansion Alloys ................. .................................... ...................................... .............................. ...........24-25 Copper .............. ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................ .......... 26-27 !

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INDEX Alphabetical Listing & Guide to Material Systems Systems & Designation Codes Used U sed in MPIF Standard 35 ...................... ......................................... ................... 28 SI UNITS CONVERSION TABLE Quantities/Terms Used in MPIF Standards ............................................ ................................................ .... 33

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MPIF Standard 35

Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts Issued 1993 Revised 2000, 2007 and 2016

Scope MPIF Standard 35 is issued to provide the design and materials engineer with the information necessary for specifying powder metal metal (PM) materials materials that have have been developed developed by the PM parts manufac manufacturi turing ng industry. industry. This This section section of Standard Standard 35 deals with products manufactured by Metal Injection Molding (MIM). It does not apply to conventional PM structural materials, PM self-lubricating bearings or powder forged (PF) materials which are covered in separate editions of MPIF Standard 35. Each section of this standard is divided into subsections based on the various types of MIM materials in common commercial use within that section. Notes at the beginning of each subsection discuss the characteristics of that material. The same materials may appear in more than one section of the standard depending upon their common use, e.g., some low-alloy or stainless steel materials may also be used in soft-magnetic applications. applications. The use of any MPIF Standard is entirely voluntary. MPIF Standards are issued and adopted in the public interest. They are designed to eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer and the purchaser and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper material for a particular product. Existence of MPIF Standards does not in any respect preclud preclude e any membe memberr or nonnon-mem member ber of MPIF MPIF from from manuf manufact acturi uring ng or or selli selling ng produc products ts that that use materi material als s or testin testing g proce procedur dures es not not included in MPIF Standards. Other such materials may be commercially available. By publication of these Standards, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any patent rights nor does the MPIF undertake to ensure anyone utilizing the Standards against liability for infringement of any Letters Patent or accept any such liability. Neither MPIF nor any of its members assumes or accepts any liability resulting from use or non-use of any MPIF Standard. In addition, MPIF does not accept any liability or responsibility for the compliance of any product with any standard, the achievement of any minimum or typical values by any supplier, or for the results of any testing or other procedure undertaken in accordance with any Standard. MPIF Standards are subject to periodic review and may be revised. Users are cautioned to refer to the latest edition. New, approved materials and property data may be posted periodically on the MPIF website. Between published editions, go to mpif.org to to access data that will appear in the next printed edition of this standard. Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions or misunderstandings, agree on the following conditions prior to the manufacture of a MIM component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission permission of the publisher. publisher.

Published by Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 U.S.A. Tel: (609) 452-7700 Fax: (609) 987-8523 E-mail: [email protected] Website: mpif.org

© Copyright 2016 ISBN No. 978-1-943694-05-1

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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher

ISBN No. 978-1-943694-05-1

© 2016 Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 USA

All rights reserved Produced in the U.S.A.

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MPIF Standard 35—2016 Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts Explanatory Notes and Definitions The magnetic properties utilized for establishing this Standard were obtained from specimens prepared and tested in accordance with ASTM A773.

Minimum Value Concept The Metal Powder Industries Federation has adopted the concept of minimum property values for metal injection molded (MIM) materials. These values may be used to determine the material best suited to the particular application as it is manufactured by the metal injection molding (MIM) process. As an aid to the user in selecting materials, in addition to minimum property values, typical values for other properties are listed. This makes it possible for the user to select and specify the exact MIM material and properties most suitable for a specific application. The data provided define minimum values for listed materials and display typical properties achieved under commercial manufacturing procedures. Enhanced mechanical properties and other improvements in performance characteristics may be attained through more complex processing. To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer .

Minimum Controlled-Expansion Property Values A minimum density level is expressed for the MIM controlled-expansion alloys due to their use in electronics applications to provide hermetic seals with materials such as glasses and ceramics. Practical Methods of Demonstrating Part Performance For structural parts, the practical method of demonstrating minimum values is through the use of a static or dynamic proof test by the manufacturer and the purchaser using the first production lot of parts and a mutually agreed upon method of stressing the part. For example, from the design of a given part, it is agreed that the breaking load should be greater than a given force. If that force is exceeded in proof tests, the minimum strength is demonstrated. The first lot of parts can also be tested in service and demonstrated to be acceptable. The static or dynamic load to fracture is determined separately and these data are statistically analyzed to determine a minimum breaking force for future production lots. Exceeding that minimum force on future lots is proof that the specified strength has been met. For parts that require minimum magnetic characteristics, the practical method of demonstrating acceptable magnetic properties is through the use of a magnetic proof test. For example, from the design of a given part, it is agreed that the magnetic force generated by the part when a specified magnetic field is applied should be greater than a mutually agreed upon value between the parties concerned. If that force is exceeded in proof tests, the minimum magnetic performance is demonstrated. Exceeding Exceeding this minimum minimum value on future lots is proof that the specific magnetic properties have been met. Utilization of MPIF Standard 35 to specify a MIM material means that unless the purchaser and manufacturer have agreed otherwise, the material will have the minimum value specified in the Standard. (See Material Properties section.)

Minimum Mechanical Property Values The minimum mechanical property values for MIM materials are expressed in terms of yield strength (0.2% offset method), ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation for all materials in the as-sintered and/or heat treated conditions. MIM materials exhibit properties similar to wrought materials because they are processed to near full density. The tensile properties utilized for establishing this Standard were obtained from tensile specimens prepared specifically for evaluating MIM materials. Tensile properties of test specimens machined from commercial parts or from non-standard MIM test specimens, may vary from those obtained from specimens prepared according to MPIF Standard 50. (See MPIF Standard 50 for for additional details) Minimum Magnetic Property Values The minimum magnetic property values for MIM materials are expressed in terms of part density, maximum permeability, maximum coercive force and magnetic saturation. The specified minimum magnetic saturation is measured with an applied field of 25 oersteds. All magnetic test test data reported are for for DC testing only. only.

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MPIF Standard 35, Metal Injection Molded Parts—2016 Edition

Typical Values For each MIM material listed, a set of typical values is shown for properties, e.g., density, hardness, elongation, etc., some or all of which may be important for a specific application. Typical values are shown for properties, e.g., elongation, hardness, coercive field, etc., some or all of which may be important for a specific application. The property data were compiled from test specimens processed by individual MIM producers. The typical values are listed for general guidance only. They should not be considered minimum values. While achievable through normal manufacturing processing, they may vary somewhat depending upon the area of the component chosen for evaluation, or the specific manufacturing process utilized. Those properties listed under the “typical value section” for each material which are required by the purchaser should be thoroughly discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer before establishing the specification. Required property values, other than those expressed as minimum should be separately specified for each MIM part, based on its intended use.

Most MIM materials respond well to normal wrought heat treating practices and procedures. It is recommended that the heat-treatment procedures for any MIM material be established in cooperation with the MIM part manufacturer to achieve the desired balance of final properties in the finished part. Surface Finish The overall finish and surface reflectivity of MIM materials depends on density, tool condition, particle size and secondary operations. Effective surface smoothness of as-sintered MIM components is usually better than an investment cast surface. Surface finish can be further improved by secondary operations such as coining, honing, burnishing or grinding. The surface finish requirements and methods of determination must be established by mutual agreement between purchaser and producer. (See MPIF Standard 58 for additional details.) Microstructure MIM materials generally contain less than 5% porosity, approaching the density of wrought materials. The examination of the microstructure of a MIM part can serve as a diagnostic tool and reveal the degree of sintering and other metallurgical information critical to the metal injection molding process. There are several observations common to most sintered MIM materials, as briefly described below. Comments on specific materials will be found in the subsections devoted to those particular materials. Sintered parts are normally examined first in the unetched condition. With a proper sinter, there will be no original particle boundaries seen at 200X. Small, uniformly distributed, well rounded discrete pores lead to higher strength, ductility and impact resistance.

Chemical Composition The chemical composition of each material lists its principal elements and allowable ranges. Mechanical Properties Mechanical property data indicate the minimum and typical properties that may be expected from test specimens conforming to the density and chemical composition criteria listed. It should be understood that mechanical properties used in this standard were derived from individual test specimens prepared specifically for material evaluation and sintered under commercial production conditions. Hardness values of heat treated specimens are g iven first as apparent hardness and second, when ava ilable, as equivalent particle or matrix hardness values. Residual porosity found in MIM components will slightly affect the apparent hardness readings. Microindentation hardness values shown as Rockwell C were converted from 100 g load (0.981 N) Knoop microindentation hardness measurements.

MIM Material Designation The Metal Injection Molding Association has chosen to use the designation system similar to AISI-SAE where applicable. These designations were chosen because MIM parts are likely to be used as replacements for wrought products already in service. When specifying a material made by the MIM process, it should be so designated with a “MIM” prefix to the material grade. For example, a part fabricated from Type 316L stainless steel by MIM would be designated as "MIM–316L".

Heat Treatment MIM materials may be heat treated to increase strength, hardness and wear resistance. The percentages of carbon, alloying elements and residual porosity determine the degree of hardening possible. Tempering or stress relief is required after quenching for optimum strength and durability. Ferrous MIM parts processed with little or no final carbon may be surface carburized for increased surface hardness while retaining core toughness. Martensitic and precipitation hardening stainless steels may also be heat treated for increased hardness and strength.

Material Selection Before a particular material can be selected, a careful analysis is required of the design of the part and its end use. In addition, the final property requirements of the finished part should be agreed upon by the manufacturer manufacturer and the purchaser of the MIM part. Issues such as static and dynamic loading, wear resistance, machinability and corrosion resistance may also be specified. $


Grade Selection For certain magnetic materials, the material designation will specify the material as either “Grade 1” or “Grade 2”. The Grade 1 material, as compared with Grade 2, will exhibit improved magnetic characteristics. The difference between a Grade 1 and Grade 2 material can usually be found in the material’s microstructure, with a high density, large grain size and low amounts of interstitials (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) all contributing to improved magnetic properties. A careful analysis of the design and function of the part should determine what grade material is required for a given application. It is recommended that a discussion of the required magnetic performance take place between the manufacturer and the purchaser before the final grade selection.

Elongation Elongation (plastic), expressed as a percentage of the original gage length (typically 1.0 in. [25.4mm]), is based on measuring the increase in gage length after fracture, providing the fracture takes place within the gage length. Elongation can also be measured with a breakaway extensometer on the tensile specimen. The recorded stress strain-curve displays total elongation (elastic and plastic). The elastic strain at the 0.2% yield strength must be subtracted from the total elongation to give the plastic elongation. (See MPIF Standard 59 59 for additional details.) Elastic Constants Data for the elastic constants in this standard were generated from resonant frequency testing. An equation relating the three elastic constants is:

Density Density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter 3 (g/cm ) and may be determined by various standardized methods. Some common methods of MIM density determination include: MPIF Standard 54: 54 : This method is generally used for products that contain less than 2% porosity (impermeable PM). It is based on the principle of water displacement.

Young’ Young’s s Modu Modulus lus (E) 6 Young’s modulus, expressed in 10 psi (GPa), is the ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below the proportional limit of the material.

MPIF Standard 63: This method comprises use of a gas pycnometer. Any open porosity will not be included as part of measured volume. The density obtained by the gas pycnometer method will typically be higher than the density obtained by water displacement.

Shear Modulus (G) 6 Shear modulus, expressed in 10 psi (GPa), is the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit of the material.

MPIF Standard 42: This method is generally used for PM products having surface-connected porosity and is based on the the use of Archimedes’ principle. MIM materials generally contain less than 5% porosity, so impregnation is not applicable.

Poisson’s Ratio ( ) Poisson’s ratio is the absolute value of the ratio of transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain resulting from uniformly distributed axial stress below the proportional limit of the material.

Ultimate Tensile Strength 3 Ultimate tensile strength, expressed in 10 psi (MPa) is the ability of a test specimen to resist fracture when a pulling force is applied in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis. It is equal to the maximum load divided by the original cross-sectional area. (See MPIF Standard 50 for additional details.)

Impact Energy Impact energy, measured in foot-pounds-force (Joules), is a measure of the energy absorbed in fracturing a specimen in a single blow. An unnotched 5 mm X 10 mm cross- section Charpy specimen was used to establish the MIM impact energy values. (See MPIF Standard 59 for 59 for additional details.)

Yield Yield Stren Strength gth 3 Yield Strength, expressed in 10 psi, is the load at which a material exhibits a 0.2% offset from proportionality on a stress-strain tension curve divided by the original crosssectional area. (See MPIF Standard 50 for additional details.)

Macroindentation Hardness (Apparent) The hardness value of a MIM part when using a conventional indentation hardness tester is referred to as "apparent hardness" because it represents a combination of matrix hardness plus effect of residual porosity. The effect of residual porosity on hardness values is minor for MIM parts. Apparent hardness measures the resistance to indentation.

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The manufacturer and the purchaser should agree on the hardness, the measuring procedure, and the hardness scale for each part tested. (See MPIF Standard 43 for 43 for additional details.)

Boiling Water Testing - The boiling water test consists of immersing immersing the specimen in boiling, distilled water for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the heat source is shut off and the specimen remains in the water for 3 hours. The specimen is then removed and left to dry for 2 hours. Specimens that show no visual corrosion are classified as passing this test. (See ASTM F1089 for additional details.)

Microindentation Hardness Microindentation hardness is determined by utilizing Knoop (HK) or Vickers (HV) indentors with a microindentation hardness tester. It measures the true hardness of the structure by eliminating the effect of porosity, and thus is a measure of resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear. Microindentation hardness measurements are convertible to equivalent Rockwell hardness values for comparison with other materials. A descripti description on of the microstr microstructur ucture e must be reported. reported. The specimen shall be polished to reveal the porosity and lightly etched to view the phases in the microstructure and to determine where to place the hardness indentation. If the indentor strikes an undisclosed pore, the diamond mark will exhibit curved edges and the reading must be discarded. Since the data tend to be scattered compared with pore-free material, it is recommended that a minimum of 5 indentations be made, anomalous readings discarded, and an average taken of the remainder. (See MPIF Standard 51 for additional details.)

Soft-Magnetic Properties The magnetic data presented in this standard were developed in accordance with ASTM Standard A773. Magnetizing Field (H) The magnetic field applied to a test specimen, measured in oersteds (Oe) or amperes/metre (A/m). Induction (B) The measured magnetic field generated in a test specimen due to an applied magnetic field, measured in kilogauss (kG) or tesla (T). Maximum Induction (B m ) The maximum value of induction in a DC hysteresis loop. This value depends on the magnetizing field applied. Data are reported at magnetizing fields of 25 Oe and 500 Oe, (1,990 A/m and 39,800 A/m), in units of kilogauss (kG) or tesla (T).

Corrosion Resistance Three media and test methods were used to rate the resistance of the MIM stainless steel alloys to corrosion.

Maximum Permeability (µ max ) max The slope of the line from the origin to the knee of the initial B-H magnetization curve. This parameter is dimensionless.

Sulfuric Acid Testing - Standard 5 mm X 10 mm X 55 mm test specimens were immersed in a 2% sulfuric acid solution at room temperature (72 °F ± 4 °F [22 °C ± 2 °C]) for 1,000 hours. Two replicates were tested. The loss in mass for each was determined and then 2 converted into a mass loss per surface area (in dm ) per day factor, in units of g

Coercive Field (H c ) c The DC magnetizing field required to restore the magnetic induction to zero after the material has been symmetrically, cyclically magnetized, measured in Oe (A/m).

2

(dm ) (day)

Residual Induction (B ) r The retained magnetism in the specimen after the applied field has been reduced to zero Oe (A/m). This is reported in kG or T.

(See MPIF Standard 62 for additional details.) Copper Sulfate Testing - The copper sulfate test consists of mixing 22.5 ml of distilled water with 1 g cupric sulfate crystals and 2.5 g sulfuric acid. Specimens are immersed in this solution for 6 minutes at a temperature between 63 63 ° and 67 °F (17 ° and 19 °C). Specimens that show no visual signs of copper plating are classified as passing this test. (See ASTM F1089 for additional details.)

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Referenced MPIF Standards The test method standards referenced in this document are published by MPIF and are available in the latest edition of Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder Metallurgy Products.

Idealized Magnetic Hysteresis Curve Reference: Soft Magnetism, Fundamentals for Powder Metallurgy and Metal Injection Molding, Chaman Lall, Metal Metal Powder Industries Federation, 1992, p.11.

Thermal Properties Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) The fractional increase in the length per unit rise in temperature at constant pressure. Thermal Conductivity The rate of heat flow, under steady state conditions, through a unit area, per unit temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area. Thermal conductivity was determined in accordance with ASTM E1461, thermal flash method.

Std. 42

Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products

Std. 43

Apparent Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Products

Std. 50

Preparing and Evaluating Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Sintered/Heat Treated Tension Test Specimens

Std. 51

Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Materials

Std. 54

Density of Impermeable Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials

Std. 58

Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products

Std. 59

Charpy Impact Energy of Unnotched Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Test Specimens

Std. 62

Corrosion Resistance of MIM Grades of Stainless Steel Immersed in 2% Sulfuric Acid Solution

Std. 63

Density Determination of Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Components (Gas Pycnometer)

Comparable Standard Standards for metal injection molded parts have been issued by ASTM. The ASTM standard was adapted from MPIF Standard 35 and uses the MPIF MIM nomenclature system.

SI Units Data were determined in inch-pound units and converted to SI units in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.

ASTM B883 Standard Specification Specification for Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Materials

Addition Additional al MIM materials materials and propert property y data are are under under development. When available, data will be published in subsequent editions of this Standard. New , approved materials and property data may be posted periodically on the MPIF website. Between published editions, go to mpif.org to access data that will appear in the next printed edition of this standard.

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MIM Material Material Section— Section—2016 2016

MPIF Standard Standard 35

Low-Alloy Steels This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from both prealloys and admixtures of iron powder and other alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and carbon. The proportions of each element used and heat treat conditions may be varied to achieve a range of properties. Alloys may be hardened for very high strength with moderate ductility. Lower carbon alloys may be case hardened for wear resistance while achieving a tough core.

Application Low-alloy steels are generally used for structural applications, especially when carburized. They are specified for applications where high strength and hardness are necessary. Microstructure Residual pores should be small, discrete, well distributed and rounded. The microstructure will vary with composition and heat treatment.

Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. The homogeneous structure imparts exceptional strength properties. The high density attained through MIM processing also gives these materials good ductility.

Material Designation Code

Chemical Composition, % — Low-Alloy Steels Fe

Ni

Mo

C

Cr

Si (max)

Mn (max)

MIM-2200

Bal.

1.5 – 2.5

0.5 max

0.1 max

–

1.0

–

MIM-2700

Bal.

6.5 – 8.5

0.5 max

0.1 max

–

1.0

–

MIM-4140

Bal.

–

0.2 – 0.3

0.3 – 0.5

0.8 – 1.2

0.6

1.0

Bal.

1.5 – 2.5

0.2 – 0.5

0.4 – 0.6

–

1.0

–

(1)

(2)

MIM-4605

Other Elements: Total may not exceed 1.0% combined. (1) Formerly designated as MIM-4600 (2) Formerly designated MIM-4650 with the addition of a minimum 0.2% Mo.

To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions misconceptions or misunderstandings, misunderstandings, agree agree on the following conditions conditions prior to to the manufacture manufacture of a MIM component: component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application

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C R H 8 4

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Stainless Steels This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from prealloyed or elementally blended stainless steels. Included are austenitic, ferritic and precipitation hardening grades.

MIM-430L Ferritic Grade This ferritic stainless steel combines good magnetic response with corrosion resistance. It is suitable for applications in a corrosive environment where protective coatings are impractical. (See Soft-Magnetic Alloys section for additional information about this material.)

Material Characteristics High densities achieved by the MIM process enhance the strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of these materials.

MIM-17-4 PH Precipitation Hardening Grade The precipitation hardening grade of stainless is used where a high level of strength and hardness is necessary. It generally has better corrosion resistance than the 400 series stainless steels because of low carbon content. A range of properties and hardness can be achieved through modifications of the aging temperature during heat treatment.

Application There are several grades of MIM stainless steels. Each has specific properties which cover a wide variety of applications: MIM-316L Austenitic Grade This grade is used in applications which require extremly good corrosion resistance. Parts made from this material have a good combination of strength and ductility.

Microstructure All mater material ials s should should exhibit exhibit wroug wroughtht-lik like e microstr microstructu uctures res except that MIM materials have evenly dispersed, well rounded pores. There should be no evidence of original particle boundaries. Internal oxides, nitrides and chromium carbides are detrimental to properties.

MIM-420 and MIM-440 Martensitic Grades These martensitic stainless steels combine high strength, hardness and wear resistance with moderate corrosion resistance. A range of properties and hardness can be achieved though modifications of the carbon content and heat-treating conditions.


Fe

Ni

Cr

Mo

C

Cu

Nb

Nb + Ta

MIM-316L

Bal. Bal.

10 – 14

16 – 18

2–3

0.03 0.03 (max) (max)

––

––

––

2.0

1.0

MIM-420

Bal. Bal.

––

12 – 14

––

0.15 0.15 – 0.4 0.4

––

––

––

1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0

MIM-430L

Bal. Bal.

–– ––

16 – 18

––

0.05 0.05 (max) (max)

––

––

––

1.0

1.0

MIM-440

Bal. 0.6 (max)

0. 0.75 (max) 0.9 – 1.25

––

3. 3.5 (max)

––

1.0

1.0

MIM-17-4 PH

Bal. Bal.

––

0.15 0.15 – 0.45 0.45

1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0

Chemical Composition, % — Stainless Steels

3–5

16 16 – 18 15.5 15.5 – 17.5 17.5

––

0.07 0.07 (max (max)) 3 – 5

Mn (max) Si (max)

Other Elements: Total may not exceed 1.0% combined.

To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions or misunderstandings, agree on the following conditions prior to the manufacture of a MIM component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application

10

e c n a t s i s e R n o i s o r r o C

s t i n U d n u o P s h l e c n e I t S – s s e s i t e r l e n i p o a r t P S l a i r e t a M M I M


) l i t O o s e 2 H B T ( 4

O S u C d 4 / O 2 m S 2 d H / g n ) d o e - i t o t r a r t e c i n v n l s M e l d o e s c e n i ( w n k d n ) t c r o n o - i a o t e H a r r R c t n a e a p p M d a n ( i d e y t y h p c g ) f a r A l b c r t p e ( t • o a h n f m n C I E n U s ’ n o s o i t s t n a s a i R t o s n P o C s i ’ s u s c g l i p u t n 6 s u d 0 a o o l Y M 1 E


S E s e i U t r L e A p o V r M P l U e i s M I n N I e T M

n ) o h i t c n a i g 1 % n o i n l E ( h ) i t d g % s l p n 2 3 e i e . r ( 0 0 Y t 1 S

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

D / N

s s a P

D / N

s s a P

s s a P

5 0 0 . 0 <

D / N

5 2 1 . 0

4 6 3 . 0

5 0 0 . 0 <

5 0 0 . 0 <

D / N

C R H 0 5

D / N

C R H 0 6

D / N

C R H 0 4

B R H 7 6

C R H 4 4

B R H 5 6

C R H 6 5

C R H 7 2

C R H 3 3

0 4 1

0 3

0 1 1

4

0 0 1

0 0 1

8 2 . 0

0 3 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

0 . 8 2

0 . 8 2

0 . 0 3

0 . 9 2

0 . 8 2

0 . 8 2

0 5

1 <

5 2

1 <

6

6

5 2

4 7 1

5 3

0 7 1

6 0 1

8 5 1

0 0 2

0 6

0 9 1

0 3 1

2 7 1

4 . 7

5 5 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

) C (

0 2

) C (

4

4

h i e t t a g s p 5 n 3 m e 7 i t 0 r l t 1 U S y 3 t i . s m 6 n c 7 e / D g n ) o h i c t n a i g 1 % 0 4 n o i n l E ( h ) i t d g % s l p n 2 3 e i e . 0 r 0 Y t ( 1 S

0 2

) B (

0 3

) B (

4 9

0 4 1

h i e t t a g s p n 3 m e i 0 t r l t 1 U S

5 6

0 8 1

0 5

0 5 1

5 1 1

5 5 1

) d L e 6 r 1 t e 3 - i n M s I M s a (

* * ) d 0 t 2 e a 4 - e r M t I t M a e h (

) d L e 0 r 3 t e 4 - i n M s I M s a (

* * * ) d 0 e 4 t 4 - a e r M t I t M a e h (

H ) d P e r 4 - e 7 t n i 1 - s M s I a M (

* H ) d P t e 4 - a 7 e r 1 - t t M a I e M ( h

n ) o n l i a t e i o i r a d t i n e t g o d a i C n o M s e c D (

11

m d m e d s e 0 a 1 b t a x . t e r ) i t 9 n m t o a 5 m p e 5 d r d h a l d d e M e n i I h a y c t y M t n o S a r o n - F I w f n P n o u h i o n M s t a a e t e o g s n n m ( o o y l r f n a e e d e m l m s b e i v l i r c i r a a e e u r p d s t e s s y a a e p m e u r m l a . o a h M t v I e n s e y C M n d f f b g r i o o e y e t t n c a % a s l e e e 2 m a t s r . i r c s t 0 e t r a e : p s a a e t S o e n h a m r E I c H o T m T ) ) ) O C ( ( N A ( B

d n t a a ) d d C ° e e r h 2 e c 8 p n 4 e ( m u e q F t ° l i d 0 n o 0 a , 9 d t d e a e z i z t i i d t i n . e n r s e r g e u t a t o s u s u o e r u h a h a e 1 e 2 f w e r r o r o s e e f t r w m w ) a u t s C s r p t m a ° r i H a n p 0 P p i 0 6 m 1 4 4 ( - 0 a 2 F 7 4 r 4 - ° 1 o M - - f I 5 M M 2 I I ) 3 C M M ° M d t d e d e 4 t a e t 0 a d t 2 ( e a a r e r e r F t e - e t r t t ° p - t a t 0 e m a a e 0 e H t e H 4 * H * * * * *

d r a d n a t s s i h t f o s e s o p r u p e h t r o f d e n i m r e t e d t o N D / N

6 1 0 2 , 7 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 2 : d e s i v e R 2 9 n 9 o 1 : i t i d d e v E o 6 r 1 p 0 p 2 A



Soft-Magnetic Alloys This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from prealloyed powder or admixtures of iron and other elements such as nickel, chromium, cobalt and silicon. These alloys are classified as soft-ferromagnetic materials, that allows them to be easily magnetized and demagnetized. Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. A homogeneous microstructure, low levels of interstitials and high sintered density will enhance magnetic properties. Grade Selection Certain materials in this standard with the same nominal composition have been assigned two grades. When selecting a material, a comparison should be made between the magnetic properties required and the properties of each grade. Application There are several MIM soft-magnetic alloys. Each has specific properties that covers a wide range of applications. MIM-2200 Used in applications requiring high magnetic output, comparable to iron, but with improved strength.


MIM-Fe-3%Si Exhibits low core losses and high e lectrical resistivity resistivity in AC and DC applications (e.g., solenoids, armatures, relays). Since this alloy readily work hardens, it is particularly suited to net-shape forming via MIM. MIM-Fe-50%Ni High permeability and low coercive field are the hallmark magnetic properties for this alloy. It is used in motors, switches and relays, and for magnetic shielding applications. MIM-Fe-50%Co The iron-cobalt alloys produce the highest magnetic saturation, surpassing pure iron. This material is suitable for small components required to carry high magnetic flux densities. MIM-430L This ferritic stainless steel combines good magnetic response with corrosion resistance. It is suitable for applications in a corrosive environment where protective coatings are impractical. Microstructure The unetched structures exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is well-homogenized with little or no evidence of carbides or oxides.

Chemical Composition, % — Soft-Magnetic Alloys Fe

Ni 1.5 – 2.5

Cr

Co

Si

C (max)

Mn

V

––

––

1.0 max

0.1

––

––

MIM-2200

Bal.

MIM-Fe-3%Si

Bal.

––

––

––

2.5 – 3.5

0.05

––

––

MIM-Fe50%Ni

Bal.

49 – 51

––

––

1.0 max

0.05

––

––

MIM-Fe50%Co

Bal.

––

––

48 – 50

1.0 max

0.05

––

2.5 max

MIM-430L

Bal.

––

16 – 18

––

1.0 max

0.05

1.0 max

––



) s - n o t i s o t n e r a e r B 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 n c t a d a n p R r H 4 5 5 8 8 8 6 a M e p d a H n ( i n ) o h i t c n a i 0 0 4 4 1 5 g 1 % 0 4 3 3 2 2 < 2 n o i n l E (

s t i n U d n u s o y P o h l l c n A I c – i t s e i e n t g r a e p o M - r t P f l o a S i r e t a M M I M



h ) i t d g % s l p 8 3 3 7 7 0 5 n 2 3 e i e . 0 1 2 2 5 5 2 3 r 0 1 Y t ( S h i e t t a g s p 2 6 6 7 7 0 0 n 3 m e i t r 0 4 6 6 7 7 3 6 l t U S 1 y 3 t 5 5 5 2 0 5 5 i s m 6 . 7 . 5 . 7 . 5 . . 7 . 6 n c 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 e / g D

s e i t r e p o r P c i t e n g a M

0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . G 0 5 5 9 9 B k 2 1 1 1 1

0 . 8 . 2 5 2 1

5 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 5 . G 4 4 4 4 4 B k 1 1 1 1 1

0 . 5 . 0 1 2 1

0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . r G 8 0 0 2 2 B k 1 1 1 1

0 . 5 . 4 5 1

0 0 5

5 2

3 0 c e 5 1 2 7 0 5 8 . . . . . . . H O 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

m 0 0 0 0 u e y x 0 0 0 0 0 0 t m a i m l i r , 5 , 0 , 5 , 0 , i m 3 x e 2 7 7 8 6 b a µ 4 2 M P a 0 0 5 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 2 G . B k 4 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1

S E U L A V M U M I N I M

0 0 2 , 5

0 0 5 , 1

0 . 0 . 9 1 1 1

m 5 5 5 u c e 0 . 1 . 2 . 7 . 1 . 0 . 3 . m i x H O 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 a M m 0 0 0 y x 0 0 u e t 0 0 0 a 0 0 i m l m 0 0 r i e i m 0 , , 0 , 0 0 , 5 , x b 2 a P a µ 4 2 8 5 M y 3 t i 0 0 0 0 5 s m 6 . 7 . 7 . 6 . 4 . n c 7 7 7 7 7 e / g D

n d o e l i r a t i e a r e d t n e n t g o i a i C s s M e s D a

0 0 8 , 4

0 0 0 , 1

0 0 7 . 5 . 7 7

* * 1 2 e e 1 2 d d e e a d d r a r a r a G r o - G i - G - G i N - C S % % % 0 L 0 0 5 5 3 - 0 0 e e 3 2 e 2 F F F - - 4 M M M M M I I I I I M M M M M

13

t c e f f a e z i s n i a r g d n a t n e t n o c ) n e g o r t i n , . n e e s g n y o x p o s ( e s l r a c i t i i t t s e n r e g t n a I * m

6 1 0 2 , 7 0 0 2 : d e s i v e R 0 0 0 n 2 o : i t d i e d v E o 6 r 1 p 0 p 2 A



Controlled-Expansion Alloys This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from pre-alloyed powder and/or admixtures of iron, nickel and cobalt. The proportions of the elements iron, nickel and cobalt may be varied to meet the requirements of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Application Controlled-expansion alloys are used in electronics applications to provide hermetic seals with materials such as glasses and ceramics. MIM-F-15 This low expansion alloy is used for glass-to metal sealing applications. It provides hermetic seals for electronic

fiber optic and microwave packages, such as splitters, dual in-line packages and micro-electronic mechanical systems. Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. The homogeneous microstructure and high sintered density provide for exceptional hermeticity and controlled thermal expansion. Microstructure The un-etched structures exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is well-homogenized with little or no evidence of carbides or oxides.

Nominal Chemical Composition, % — Controlled-Expansion Alloys Material Designation

MIM-F15

Fe

Ni

Co

Mn max

Si max

C max

Al max

Mg max

Zr max

Ti max

Cu max

Cr max

Mo max

Bal.

29 29

17

0.50

0.20

0.04

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.20

0.20

Other Elements: Aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and titanium may not exceed 0.20% combined. Total may not exceed 1% combined.


s s e n d r a H

s t i n U s d y n o u l l o P A h n c o n i s I n – a s e p i t x r E - e d p o e r l l P o l r a t i n r e o t a C M M I M

S E U L A V L A C I P Y s T e i t r e p o r P e l i s n e T

n ) d o e i - t t o r a e r t c i n v n M e d o l l c n i ( e w k c n ) o o t - t i n R o r a e r c t n a a e p p M d a n i ( s i ’ s u s g l p u n u d 6 0 o o Y M 1

D / N

B R H 5 6

7 1

n ) o h i t c n a i g 1 % 5 2 n o n l ( i E h ) i t d g % s l n 2 p e i e . r ( 0 3 Y t 0 1 S

3 4

h i e t t a g s p n 3 m e i t r 0 l t U S 1

7 6

y 3 t i s m 8 . n c 7 e / D g

E U L A V M U M I N I M

y 3 t i s m 7 . n c 7 e / g D

n ) o n l i a t o i i a r e i d t n e t g o d a i C n s o M e ( c D

) d 5 e r 1 - t e F - i n M s I M s a (

. d r a d n a t s s i h t f o s e s o p r u p e h t r o f d e n i m r e t e d t : o S N E D T / O N N

e m e d t ) h u e o o E t n g o r r i a r T f o h r m s e C u / v m . ( d o s e p F r ° a f n e n i A 6 . e d r . 3 u m e t o r 8 i e 2 a h n r a T i s t e e 2 g . m n d E i e r p n r e a s M s e t m e t e u h d p a T , p f w x n S s t s s o A E i o h s o a s e w e l s i t t m i n r a n e t w a s a i o e p e m e n s s x c r e n h t e n a e l o a r g a p t a d o r o x h m r f t e p o d i T r c u e c e n l a ) f h F a s o t f n u a m r ° i o s i t t n e 8 y a h t 6 n n l o e f ( w l t e e e o r i i a t c a r i e r c f t 5 t n u f i e g i a e r f e 1 f o F m i n i c e e c - t o t f f p a e M e o h I l a e m i o e T M d h c t C

15

E T ) F C ° / e 6 7 . 4 . 2 . 1 . 0 . g 3 3 3 3 3 0 a r 1 e ( X v A

F ° F F F F 8 : F 6 o ° ° ° ° ° 2 2 2 2 T 2 1 0 9 8 7 m 2 3 3 4 5 o r F

7 0 n 0 o 2 i : t i d d e E v r 6 o 1 p 0 p 2 A



Copper This subsection covers MIM copper. MIM copper is made using commercially pure copper powder. Material Characteristics MIM copper has the typical color of copper and is commonly used for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Applications Pure copper parts are used in applications requiring excellent thermal or electrical conductivity. Sintered Sintered

Material Designation

MIM-Cu

copper parts can be treated like a wrought copper part in the annealed condition and can be machined, plated, brazed, crimped, and staked. Microstructure Copper will sinter to a point where very few original particle boundaries are observable. The un-etched microstructure will exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is homogenous with little to no evidence of oxides or contaminants.

Nominal Chemical Composition, % - Copper Cu 99.8

Minimum

100.0

Maximum

Other Elements: 0.2% max, excluding silver


n ) o h i c t n a i g 1 % 0 3 n o i n l E (

s t i n U d n u o P h c n r I e – p s e p i t o r C e p o r P l a i r e t a M M I M

s e i h t t r e g n ) i p e o r % s p r t 2 3 P S . 0 0 e d ( 1 l l i s e i n Y S e E T U h i e t L t A a g s p n 3 V m i e t r 0 l t L U S 1 A C I P ) Y F y T ° i ) 2 · l t v F t a t i ° f · m c 7 h r ( 7 e u / t t h d a f · T n o ( t u C B

0 1

0 3

8 0 2

y 3 t i s m 5 . n c 7 e / 8 g D


) F y t ° i ) 2 · l v F t a t i ° f · 0 m c 7 h r 9 ( 7 e u / 1 d t h n t f a · T o ( u t C B y 3 t i s m 0 . n c 5 e / 8 g D n ) o n l i a t o i i r a e i d t n e t g o d a i C n o M s e ( c D

) d u e r e C - t n M i I s M s a (

& !

e

e f e ) h t d t r u o t u r o E f n o r t i T d h n a r m e e / s i C e p u F i c ( i n p ° f f m 8 e n m . e t r A . 1 o o e c i t 8 m e 2 a e o s d 2 g g o r n s E i n a r a a s e . u v m o p w M T r s , x n S t s a f e r o A s e d u E i h e t s e l n h t T n a i e . i r a a t e p w s e r p r m x e e e m e t e c h r l t h e m e p d t e a n r a o s f h m s o r f o a r d T e m w s o d t c e a i e f h c s r n r o t f a u i o e o n s a i t t s s i a n n n n y w i a a e o e t e i r t p o i c l l e x i a c f f a t r e p i u e u e g l ) f f o a m n F - t i o t e c C m r ° e M a e a o h I l i e 8 C T M d h h t 6 (

17

E T ) F C ° / 7 e 6 . 9 . 1 . 3 . 4 . g 8 8 9 9 9 0 a 1 r e ( X v A

F ° F F F F 8 : F 6 o ° ° ° ° ° 0 0 0 0 T 0 0 5 0 5 0 m 1 1 2 2 3 o r F

2 1 n 0 o 2 i t i d d e v E o 6 r 1 p 0 p 2 A



Low-Alloy Steels This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from both prealloys and admixtures of iron powder and other alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and carbon. The proportions of each element used and heat treat conditions may be varied to achieve a range of properties. Alloys may be hardened for very high strength with moderate ductility. Lower carbon alloys may be case hardened for wear resistance while achieving a tough core.

Application Low-alloy steels are generally used for structural applications, especially when carburized. They are specified for applications where high strength and hardness are necessary. Microstructure Residual pores should be small, discrete, well distributed and rounded. The microstructure will vary with composition and heat treatment.

Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. The homogeneous structure imparts exceptional strength properties. The high density attained through MIM processing also gives these materials good ductility.


Chemical Composition, % — Low-Alloy Steels Fe

Ni

Mo

C

Cr

Si (max)

Mn (max)

Bal.

1.5 – 2.5

0.5 max

0.1 max

–

1.0

–

MIM-2700

Bal.

6.5 – 8.5

0.5 max

0.1 max

–

1.0

–

MIM-4140

Bal.

–

0.2 – 0.3

0.3 – 0.5

0.8 – 1.2

0.6

1.0

Bal.

1.5 – 2.5

0.2 – 0.5

0.4 – 0.6

–

1.0

–

MIM-2200

MIM-4605

(1)

(2)

Other Elements: Total may not exceed 1.0% combined. (1) Formerly designated as MIM-4600 (2) Formerly designated MIM-4650 with the addition of a minimum 0.2% Mo.

To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions misconceptions or misunderstandings, misunderstandings, agree agree on the following conditions conditions prior to to the manufacture manufacture of a MIM component: component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application !'

s s e n d r a H

n ) d o e i - t t o r a r t e c i n v l n l M e d o e c n w i ( k c o n ) o t - t i n R o a e r r c t n a a e p p M d a n ( i

D / N

D / N

D / N

D / N

C R H 5 5

B R H 5 4

B R H 9 6

C R H 6 4

B R H 2 6

C R H 8 4

5 3 1

5 7 1

5 7

0 7

5 5

8 2 . 0

8 2 . 0

8 2 . 0

8 2 . 0

8 2 . 0

s ’ s u a g l n u P 0 u d G 9 1 o o Y M

0 9 1

5 0 2

0 0 2

5 0 2

n ) o m i t m a g 5 % 0 4 n 2 o n l i E (

6 2

5

5 1

2

5 2 1

5 5 2

0 4 2 , 1

5 0 2

0 8 4 , 1

0 9 2

5 1 4

0 5 6 , 1

0 4 4

5 5 6 , 1

y 3 t 5 i s m 6 . n c 7 e / g D

6 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

n ) o m i t m a g 5 % 0 2 n 2 o n l i E (

0 2

3

1 1

1 <

h ) t d g % a 0 l n 2 P 1 e i e . r ( 0 M 1 Y t S

5 0 2

0 7 0 , 1

0 7 1

0 1 3 , 1

h e t t a g a 5 n P 5 m e i t r M 2 l t U S

0 8 3

0 8 3 , 1

0 8 3

0 8 4 , 1

d e y t y h p c g ) c r a r A J t p e ( o a h n m n C I E n U

s t i n U I S s l – e s e i e t t S r y e p o l l o r A - P l a w i o r e L t a M M I M


s t n a t s n o C c i t s a l E


s ’ n o o i s t a s i R o P

h ) t d g % a l n 2 P e i e . r ( 0 M Y t S h e t t a g a n P m e i t r M l t U S

S E s e i U t L r e A V p o M r U P e M i I l s N I n M e T

n ) o n l i a t o i i r a e i d t n e t g o d a i C n o M s e c D (

) d e r ) ) e d 0 d 0 p 5 ) d 0 e m 0 e 0 r 0 e r 4 e r 2 t 6 t e 7 t e 1 t e 2 - i - i - & 4 - i n 2 n 4 n d M s M s M M s e I I I I h M s M s M c M s a a a n ( ( ( e u q (

19

) d e r e 5 p m 0 e 6 t 4 - & d M e I h M c n e u q (

n o i t c e s s s o r c m m 0 1 x m m 5 d e h c t o ) . n - 9 n 5 u d n r a a d m n a o r t f S d F e I v P i r M e d e s e s e ( u l n a e v m y i c g r e e p n s e y t p c r : a a S p h E m C T I ) O A N (


6 1 0 2 , 7 0 0 2 : d e s i v e R 0 0 n 0 o 2 : i t i d d e v E o 6 r 1 p 0 p 2 A



Stainless Steels This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from prealloyed or elementally blended stainless steels. Included are austenitic, ferritic and precipitation hardening grades.

MIM-430L Ferritic Grade This ferritic stainless steel combines good magnetic response with corrosion resistance. It is suitable for applications in a corrosive environment where protective coatings are impractical. (See Soft-Magnetic Alloys section for additional information about this material.)

Material Characteristics High densities achieved by the MIM process enhance the strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of these materials.

MIM-17-4 PH Precipitation Hardening Grade The precipitation hardening grade of stainless is used where a high level of strength and hardness is necessary. It generally has better corrosion resistance than the 400 series stainless steels because of low carbon content. A range of properties and hardness can be achieved through modifications of the aging temperature during heat treatment.

Application There are several grades of MIM stainless steels. Each has specific properties which cover a wide variety of applications: MIM-316L Austenitic Grade This grade is used in applications which require extremly good corrosion resistance. Parts made from this material have a good combination of strength and ductility.

Microstructure All mater material ials s should should exhibit exhibit wroug wroughtht-lik like e microstr microstructu uctures res except that MIM materials have evenly dispersed, well rounded pores. There should be no evidence of original particle boundaries. Internal oxides, nitrides and chromium carbides are detrimental to properties.

MIM-420 and MIM-440 Martensitic Grades These martensitic stainless steels combine high strength, hardness and wear resistance with moderate corrosion resistance. A range of properties and hardness can be achieved though modifications of the carbon content and heat-treating conditions.


Fe

Ni

Cr

Mo

C

Cu

Nb

Nb + Ta

MIM-316L

Bal. Bal.

10 – 14

16 – 18

2–3

0.03 0.03 (max) (max)

––

––

––

2.0

1.0

MIM-420

Bal. Bal.

––

12 – 14

––

0.15 0.15 – 0.4 0.4

––

––

––

1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0

MIM-430L

Bal. Bal.

––

16 – 18

––

0.05 0.05 (max) (max)

––

––

––

1.0

1.0

MIM-440

Bal. 0.6 (max)

0. 0.75 (max) 0.9 – 1.25

––

3. 3.5 (max)

––

1.0

1.0

MIM-17-4 PH

Bal. Bal.

––

0.15 0.15 – 0.45 0.45

1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0

Chemical Composition, % — Stainless Steels

3–5

16 – 18 15.5 15.5 – 17.5 17.5

––

0.07 0.07 (max (max)) 3 – 5

Mn (max) (max) Si (max)


To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions or misunderstandings, agree on the following conditions prior to the manufacture of a MIM component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application "(

e c n a t s i s e R n o i s o r r o C

s s e n d r a H

s t i n U I S s l –

e s e e i t t S r e s p o s r e l P n l i a i a t r e S t a

M M I M

) l i t O o s e 2 B T ( H 4

O S u C a 4 d / O 2 S 2 m d H / g n d o t e - i r o t a r t e c l i n v l n e M e o d c w n ( k i c n ) o t - t i n o o R r t a e r c n a a e p p M d a n ( i

S d E e y t y h p c g U c a r ) L t r p e ( A J A o a h n n V m I E C n L U A C I s ’ P s n o Y t i o t T n s a a s t i R s o n P o C s ’ s u a c g l i t n u P s u d G a l o o E Y M n ) o m i t a m g 5 % n 2 s o n e l i i t ( E r e p h ) t o d g % a r l n 2 P P e i e . e r ( 0 M Y l t i S s n e h e t T t a g a n P m e i t r M l t U S y 3 t i s m n c e / D g n ) o m i t a m g 5 % n 2 o n S s l i e E t i E ( U r L e h ) t A p d g % a o V r l n 2 P e i e . M P r ( 0 M Y t U e l i S M s I n N I e h e t M T t a g a n P m e i t r M l t U S n ) o n l i a t e i o i r a d t i n e t g o d a i C n o M s e c D (

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

s s a P

D / N

s s a P

D / N

s s a P

s s a P

D / N

5 2 1 . 0

4 6 3 . 0

5 0 0 . 0 <

5 0 0 . 0 <

D / N

C R H 0 5

D / N

C R H 0 6

D / N

C R H 0 4

B R H 7 6

C R H 4 4

B R H 5 6

C R H 6 5

C R H 7 2

C R H 3 3

0 9 1

0 4

0 5 1

5

0 4 1

0 4 1

8 2 . 0

0 3 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

9 2 . 0

0 9 1

0 9 1

0 1 2

0 0 2

0 9 1

0 9 1

0 5

1 <

5 2

1 <

6

6

5 7 1

0 0 2 , 1

0 4 2

0 7 1 , 1

0 3 7

0 9 0 , 1

5 0 0 . 0 <

0 2 5

0 8 3 , 1

0 1 4

0 1 3 , 1

0 0 9

0 9 1 , 1

6 . 7

4 . 7

5 5 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

5 . 7

0 4

) C (

0 2

) C (

4

4

0 4 1

) B (

0 1 2

) B (

0 5 6

0 7 9

0 5 4

0 4 2 , 1

0 5 3

0 3 0 , 1

0 9 7

0 7 0 , 1

) L d 6 e r 1 t e 3 - i n M s I M s a (

* * ) d 0 t 2 e a 4 - e r M t I M t a e h (

) d L e 0 r 3 t e 4 - i n M s I M s a (

* * * ) d 0 e 4 t 4 - a e r M t I t M a e h (

H ) d P e r 4 - e 7 t n i 1 - s M s I a M (

* H ) d P t e 4 - a 7 e r 1 - t t M a I e M ( h

21

a n m o m d S 0 . e s S 1 ) a x 9 b 0 5 t 2 n 4 m d i o m r a p M I 5 d l M d n d e a i e t e h S y h t c t y r o F I n o n - P a f n n M w o u o t i e h n e s a a s t g ( n m o o l n n o r e y e f e m a l d i e c m b v a i r r e S u e p S s . d s a l y 0 s p a e 2 i e r 4 r m e u a l t a h M o v C I n a y n M e m g . b d o d t r i e e y t e e t t n c a f s a a e e f e s e t r o m r t c s t e t a s a % r t e a : p o e 2 h . e S m r 0 T h E I c H T ) ) ) O A B C ( ( N (

. t ) a F d d ° e e 0 r h 0 e c p 9 n ( m e u C t e q ° l 2 d i o 8 n , 4 a t d d e a e z i z t d t i i s e i r g n . n u e a t e r t o u s h e r s o u 2 e u a h a r w e 1 e r o s r f e f t r e o w ) F a w s ° p s m t t u r 5 H r m a 2 p 3 P a p i n 0 ( i 4 C - 0 4 ° 7 2 m 4 4 a 0 1 - - r M M o I 6 1 M I I f t ) M M M F d a e d d d e ° t e t 0 a e r t 0 e e a a e r 4 p t r e ( t r t t m - t C a t t ° e e a a e H d e H 4 * 0 * n H * * * 2 * a


6 1 0 2 , 7 0 0 2 : d e s i v e R 0 0 n 0 o 2 i t i : d d e E v 6 o r 1 p 0 p 2 A



Soft-Magnetic Alloys This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from prealloyed powder or admixtures of iron and other elements such as nickel, chromium, cobalt and silicon. These alloys are classified as soft-ferromagnetic materials, that allows them to be easily magnetized and demagnetized.

MIM-Fe-3%Si Exhibits low core losses and high e lectrical resistivity resistivity in AC and DC applications (e.g., solenoids, armatures, relays). Since this alloy readily work hardens, it is particularly suited to net-shape forming via MIM. MIM-Fe-50%Ni High permeability and low coercive field are the hallmark magnetic properties for this alloy. It is used in motors, switches and relays, and for magnetic shielding applications.

Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. A homogeneous microstructure, low levels of interstitials and high sintered density will enhance magnetic properties.

MIM-Fe-50%Co The iron-cobalt alloys produce the highest magnetic saturation, surpassing pure iron. This material is suitable for small components required to carry high magnetic flux densities.

Grade Selection Certain materials in this standard with the same nominal composition have been assigned two grades. When selecting a material, a comparison should be made between the magnetic properties required and the properties of each grade.

MIM-430L This ferritic stainless steel combines good magnetic response with corrosion resistance. It is suitable for applications in a corrosive environment where protective coatings are impractical.

Application There are several MIM soft-magnetic alloys. Each has specific properties that covers a wide range of applications.

Microstructure The unetched structures exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is well-homogenized with little or no evidence of carbides or oxides.

MIM-2200 Used in applications requiring high magnetic output, comparable to iron, but with improved strength.


Chemical Composition, % — Soft-Magnetic Alloys Fe

Ni 1.5 – 2.5

Cr

Co

Si

C (max)

Mn

V

––

––

1.0 max

0.1

––

––

MIM-2200

Bal.

MIM-Fe-3%Si

Bal.

––

––

––

2.5 – 3.5

0.05

––

––

MIM-Fe50%Ni

Bal.

49 – 51

––

––

1.0 max

0.05

––

––

MIM-Fe50%Co

Bal.

––

––

48 – 50

1.0 max

0.05

––

2.5 max

MIM-430L

Bal.

––

16 – 18

––

1.0 max

0.05

1.0 max

––


To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible possible misconcept misconceptions ions or misunde misunderstan rstandings, dings, agree agree on the following following condition conditions s prior to to the manufact manufacture ure of a MIM component component:: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application ""

n

s - i o t n s o t e r a e r B 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 n c t a d a n R 4 5 5 8 8 8 6 r H a M e d a H n

i

n ) o m i t m a 0 0 4 4 1 5 g 5 % 0 4 3 3 2 2 < 2 n 2 o n l i E (

s t i n U s I y S o – l l s A i e t c r i t e e p o n r g P a l a M i r t e f t o a S M M I M

s e i t r e p o r P e l i S s n E e U T

L A V L A C I P Y T

h t d g % a 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 l n 2 e 2 6 6 9 9 4 4 i e . P M 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 r 0 Y t S h e e t t i a l a 5 5 0 0 5 5 s n P 0 9 5 5 3 3 0 1 m n e i t 2 4 4 5 5 2 4 M r e l t U T S y 3 t i 5 5 2 0 5 5 s m 5 6 . 7 . 7 . 6 . 5 . 7 . 5 . n c / e g 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 D

s e i t r e p o r P c i t e n g a M

0 0 8 , 9 T 3

B

0 9 9 , 1 T

B

0 0 0 5 0 0 8 0 . 5 . 9 . 9 . 2 . 5 . 5 . 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 0 0 5 5 0 5 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 0 . 1 . 4 . 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 r B T 8 . 0 . 0 . 2 . 2 . 4 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 c m 0 0 6 6 0 0 2 2 H / A 1 1 1 5 8 1 m 0 u e y x t a 0 i m l m i i r b m 3 , x e µ 2 a P a M 0 9 9 , 1 T

B


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 , 0 , 5 , , 0 , 2 7 7 8 6 5 4 2

5 5 . 0 0 4 1 0 0 5 , 1

3 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 9 . 1 . . 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

m u 0 5 m 0 m c / 6 0 0 0 0 6 8 i x H A 1 1 2 6 9 1 1 a M m 0 u e y x t a 0 i m l m i r i m 0 , x e b µ 2 a P a M

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 0 , 0 , 5 , 8 , 0 0 8 5 4 4 2

0 0 0 , 1

y 3 t i 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 s m 6 . 7 . 7 . 6 . 4 . 7 . 5 . n c 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 e / g D

n d o e l i r a t i e e a r d t n e n t g o i a i C s M s s e D a

* * 1 2 e e 1 2 d d e e a d d r a r a r r a G G - - G G o i - C i N S % % % 0 L 0 0 5 3 5 - 0 0 e 3 e 2 e 2 F F F - - 4 M I M M M I M I I I M M M M M

23

d n a t . n e e s t n n o o p c s ) e n r e c g i o t e r t i n n g , a n m e t g y c e x f o f ( a s e l a z i t i i t s s i n r e r a t n g I *

6 1 0 2 , 7 0 0 2 : d e s i v e R 0 0 n 0 o i 2 t i : d d E e v 6 o r p 1 0 p 2 A



Controlled-Expansion Alloys fiber optic and microwave packages, such as splitters, dual in-line packages and micro-electronic mechanical systems.

This subsection covers MIM materials manufactured from pre-alloyed powder and/or admixtures of iron, nickel and cobalt. The proportions of the elements iron, nickel and cobalt may be varied to meet the requirements of the coefficient of thermal expansion.

Material Characteristics Complete diffusion of alloying elements normally takes place during sintering. The homogeneous microstructure and high sintered density provide for exceptional hermeticity and controlled thermal expansion.

Application Controlled-expansion alloys are used in electronics applications to provide hermetic seals with materials such as glasses and ceramics.

Microstructure The un-etched structures exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is well-homogenized with little or no evidence of carbides or oxides.

MIM-F-15 This low expansion alloy is used for glass-to metal sealing applications. It provides hermetic seals for electronic

Nominal Chemical Composition, % — Controlled-Expansion Alloys Material Designation

MIM-F15

Fe

Ni

Co

Mn max

Si max

C max

Al max

Mg max

Zr max

Ti max

Cu max

Cr max

Mo max

Bal.

29 29

17

0.50

0.20

0.04

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.20

0.20

Other Elements: Aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and titanium may not exceed 0.20% combined. Total may not exceed 1% combined.

To select a material optimum in both properties and cost effectiveness, it is essential that the part application be discussed with the MIM parts manufacturer. (See Explanatory Notes: Minimum Value Concept .) .) Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible possible misconceptions misconceptions or misundersta misunderstandings, ndings, agree agree on the following conditions conditions prior to the manufacture manufacture of a MIM component: component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application "$

s s e n d r a H

s t s i y n o U l l I A S n – o s i e s i t n r a e p p o x r E P - l d i a e r l l t e o r a t n M o M I C M

S E U L A V L A C I P Y s e T t i r e p o r P e l i s n e T

n ) d o e i - t t o r a e r t c i n v n M e d o l l c n i ( e w k c o n ) o t - t i n R o r a e r c t n a a e p M d p a n i (

D / N

B R H 5 6

s ’ s u a g l n u P 0 u d G 2 1 o o Y M n ) o m i t m a g 5 % 5 2 n 2 o n l i E (

N

h ) t d g % a 0 l n 2 P 0 e i e . r ( 0 M 3 Y t S

h e t t a g a 0 n P 5 m e i t r M 4 l t U S y 3 t i s m 8 . n c 7 e / g D

E U L A V M U M I N I M

. d r a d n a t s s i h t f o s e s o p r u p e h t r o f d e n i m r e t e d t : o S N E D T / O N

y 3 t i s m 7 . n c 7 e / D g

n ) o n l i a t o i i r a e i d t n e t g o d a i C n s o M e ( c D

) d 5 e r 1 - e F - t n i M s I M s a (

e d ) h m e e o o t E t g r o r - u a r T f o h i n r s e C . u m m ( d o s e p / v r a f e n C n i ° e d r A u . m t o r 8 2 h e i a n e 2 a T i r s t e e 2 g . m n d E i e r p n r e a s M s e t m e t e u h d p a T , p f w x n S s t s s o A E i o h s o a s e w e l s i t t m i t n r a n e w a s a i o e p e e n s s m c a r x e n h t e n o e l a r g a p t a d o r o x h m r f e p t o u T r c d i l e c e n a ) f h C a s o t f n u a m r ° i o s i t t n e 0 y a h t 2 n n l o e f ( w l t e e e o r i i a t c a r i e r c f t 5 t n u f i e g i a e r f e 1 f o F m i n i c e e c - t o t f f p a e M e o h I l a e m i o e T M d h c t C

25

E T ) C C ° / e 6 6 . 2 . 8 . 5 . 4 . g 6 6 5 5 5 0 a r 1 e ( X v A

C ° C C C C 0 : C 2 o ° ° ° ° ° 0 0 0 0 T 0 0 5 0 5 0 m o 1 1 2 2 3 r F

7 0 n 0 o 2 i : t i d d e E v r 6 o 1 p 0 p 2 A



Copper This subsection covers MIM copper. MIM copper is made using commercially pure copper powder.

copper parts can be treated like a wrought copper part in the annealed condition and can be machined, plated, brazed, crimped, and staked.

Material Characteristics MIM copper has the typical color of copper and is commonly used for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.

Microstructure Copper will sinter to a point where very few original particle boundaries are observable. The un-etched microstructure will exhibit small, uniformly distributed, well-rounded pores that are not interconnected. interconnected. In the etched condition, the microstructure is homogenous with little to no evidence of oxides or contaminants.

Applications Pure copper parts are used in applications requiring excellent thermal or electrical conductivity. Sintered Sintered

Material Designation

MIM-Cu

Nominal Chemical Composition, % - Copper Cu 99.8

Minimum

100.0

Maximum

Other Elements: 0.2% max, excluding silver


26

n ) o m i t a m g 5 % 0 3 n 2 o n l i E (

s t i n U I S –

s e r i t e r p e p p o o r P C l a i r e t a M M I M

s e i h t t r e g n ) p e o r % a r t 2 P P S . M 0 e d ( l l i s e n i Y S e T E U h e t L t A a g a n P V m i e t r l L t M U S A C I P Y y T i ) ) l t v a t C K i ° m c 5 · r m 2 ( e u t / h d n a W T o ( C

9 6

7 0 2

0 6 3

& "

e

y 3 t i s m 5 . n c 7 e / 8 D g


y t i ) ) l v a t C K i ° m c 5 · 0 r m 3 2 ( e u t / 3 h d n a T o ( W C y 3 t i s m 0 . n c 5 e / 8 g D n ) o n l i a t o i i r a e i d t n e t g o d a i C n s o M e ( c D

) d u e r e C - t n i M I s M s a (

) h t d e f e r u r o t o t E f r o - u t a T d n n r h i e e s i C e u / m c p ( i i n p f f m C ° e t e n m r A . 1 o o e c i t 8 m e 2 a e o s d 2 g g o r n s E i n a r a a s e m . u v o s p w M T , a r e f x n S s r e d u o A t s h E i e t s e l n h t T n a r i e . i e a a t m p w s e r r p x e e m e m t e e r h c h t e e l e a n r p d t f s a o h m d f o s o r r T e o d t m a s e e a w c f h r c s r n i o t f a u i o e i o t t i n s a s s n n a n n y a i e o w e a t o e i r t p i i c l l e x p a c f f a t r e u i e u e g l ) f f o C m n a C i m o t e c - t r ° e M a a e o h I l i e h 0 C T M d h t 2 (

27

E T ) C C ° / e 6 7 . 0 . 4 . 7 . 9 . g 5 6 6 6 6 0 a 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 e ( X v A

F ° C C 0 : C C C 2 o ° ° ° ° ° 6 3 1 9 T 8 m 3 6 9 2 4 1 1 o r F

2 1 n 0 o 2 i t i d d e v E o r 6 p 1 p 0 2 A

Index Alphabetical Listing & Guide to Material Systems & Designation Codes Used in MPIF Standard 35 The MPIF Standard 35 family of publications comprises four separate publications dealing with materials for: metal injection molded parts, conventional PM structural parts, PM self-lubricating bearings and powder forged (PF) steel parts. The same materials may appear in more than one publication or section of the standard depending upon their common use, e.g. some structural materials may also be used in bearing applications and vice versa and stainless steel materials may be manufactured by more than one PM process, such as MIM or conventional PM, dependent upon part design and use. The following indices provide the user with a reference tool to more easily locate the information on the standardized material needed for a specific application.

alphabetically, followed by the name of the specific material system section of the standard where the chemical composition and/or mechanical property data can be found. See Table of Contents Contents for page numbers where cited material systems (inch-pound or SI units) can be found. INDEX 2 (35MIM2-2016) provides similar information on the other three MPIF Standard 35 publications. KEY - MPIF Standard 35 Publications: MIM Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts PF Materials Standards for P/F Steel Parts SLB Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings SP Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts

INDEX 1 (35MIM1-2016) provides information on materials contained in this edition of MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts. Parts . The standardized material designation codes are listed

INDEX 1. (35MIM1-2016)

Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts


Section Material System

Key

MIM-17-4 PH

Stainless Steels

MIM

MIM-2200

Low-Alloy Steels

MIM

Soft-Magnetic Alloys

MIM

MIM-2700

Low-Alloy Steels

MIM

MIM-316L

Stainless Steels

MIM

MIM-4140

Low-Alloy Steels

MIM

MIM-420

Stainless Steels

MIM

Stainless Steels

MIM


MIM

MIM-440

Stainless Steels

MIM

MIM-4605

Low-Alloy Steels

MIM

MIM-Cu

Copper

MIM

MIM-F-15

Controlled-Expansion Alloys

MIM

MIM-Fe-3% Si


MIM

MIM-Fe-50% Co


MIM

MIM-Fe-50% Ni


MIM

MIM-430L

28

MPIF Standard 35 Publication KEY MIM Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts PF Materials Standards for P/F Steel Parts

SLB Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings SP Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts

INDEX 2. (35MIM2-2016) Material Designation Code AC-2014


Key

Alumin Aluminum um Alloys Alloys

SP SP SLB

C-0000 C-000 0

Copper and Copper Alloys

CFTG-3806CFTG- 3806-K K

Diluted Bronze Bearings

CNZ-1818 CNZ-1 818


SP

CNZP-1816 CNZP-1 816


SP

CT-1000


CT-1000-K CT-10 00-K

Bronze Bearings Bearings

SP SLB

CTG-1001-K CTG-1 001-K


SLB

CTG-1004-K CTG-1 004-K


SLB

CZ-1000


SP

CZ-2000 CZ-20 00


SP

CZ-3000 CZ-30 00


SP

CZP-1002


SP

CZP-2002 CZP-20 02


SP

CZP-3002 CZP-30 02


SP

F-0000 F-000 0

Iron and Carbon Steel

F-0000-K F-000 0-K

Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings

SP SLB

F-0005 F-000 5


F-0005-K F-000 5-K


F-0008 F-000 8


F-0008-K F-000 8-K


FC-0200 FC-02 00

Iron-Copper and Copper Steel

FC-0200-K FC-02 00-K

Iron-Copper Bearings

FC-0205 FC-02 05


FC-0205-K FC-02 05-K

Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings

FC-0208 FC-02 08


FC-0208-K FC-02 08-K


SP SLB

FC-0505 FC-05 05


SP

FC-0508 FC-05 08


FC-0508-K FC-05 08-K


SP SLB

FC-0808 FC-08 08


SP

FC-1000 FC-10 00


FC-1000-K FC-1000-K

Iron-Copper Iron-Co pper Bearings Bearing s

SP SLB

FC-2000-K FC-20 00-K

Iron-Copper Bearings

SLB

FC-2008-K FC-20 08-K


SLB

FCTG-3604FCTG- 3604-K K

Diluted Bronze Bearings

SLB

FD-0105 FD-01 05

Diffusion-Alloyed Steel

SP

FD-0200 FD-02 00


SP

FD-0205 FD-02 05


SP

FD-0208 FD-02 08


SP

FD-0400 FD-04 00


SP

29

SP SLB SP SLB SP SLB SP SLB

INDEX 2. (35MIM2-2016) Material Designation Code


FD-0405

Diffusion-Alloyed Steel Diffusion-Alloyed

SP

FD-0408

Diffusion-Alloyed Steel Diffusion-Alloyed

SP

FDCT-1802FDCT-1 802-K K

Diffusion-Alloyed Iron-Bronze Bearings

FF-0000


SLB SP

FG-0303-K

Iron-Graphite Bearings

SLB

FG-0308-K

Iron-Graphite Bearings

SLB

FL-3905

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4005

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4205

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4400

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4405

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4605

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4805

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-4905

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-5108

Prealloyed Steel

SP

FL-5208

Prealloyed Steel

SP

Prealloyed Steel

SP

Sinter-Hardened Steel

SP

FLC-4608


SP

FLC-4805


SP

FLC-4908


SP

FLC2-4808


SP

FLC2-5208


SP

FLDN2-4908

Diffusion-Alloyed Diffusion-Alloyed Steel

SP

FLDN4C2-4905

Diffusion-Alloyed Diffusion-Alloyed Steel

SP

FLN-4205

Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel

SP

FLN2-3905


SP

FLN2-4400


SP

FLN2-4405


SP

FLN2-4408


SP

FLN2C-4005


SP

FLN4-4400


SP

FLN4-4405


SP

FLN4-4405(HTS)


SP

FLN4-4408

Sinter Hardened Steel

SP

FLN4C-4005


SP

FLN6-4405


SP

FLN6-4408


SP

FLNC-4405


SP

FLNC-4408


SP

FN-0200

Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel

SP

FN-0205


SP

FN-0208


SP

FN-0405


SP

FN-0408

Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel 30

SP

FL-5305

Key



FN-5000


SP

FS-0300


SP

FX-1000

Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel

SP

FX-1005


SP

FX-1008


SP

FX-2000


SP

FX-2005


SP

FX-2008


SP

FY-4500


SP

FY-8000


P/F-1020

Carbon Steel

SP PF

P/F-1040

Carbon Steel

PF

P/F-1060

Carbon Steel

PF

P/F-10C40

Copper Steel

PF

P/F-10C50

Copper Steel

PF

P/F-10C60

Copper Steel

PF

P/F-1140

Carbon Steel

PF

P/F-1160

Carbon Steel

PF

P/F-11 P/F-11C40 C40

Copper Copp er Steel Stee l

PF

P/F-11 P/F-11C50 C50


PF

P/F-11 P/F-11C60 C60


PF

P/F-4220

Low-Alloy P/F-42XX Steel

PF

P/F-4240


PF

P/F-4260


PF

P/F-4620


PF

P/F-4640


PF

P/F-4660


PF

P/F-4680


PF

SS-303L

Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy

SP

SS-303N1


SP

SS-303N2


SP

SS-304H


SP

SS-304L


SP

SS-304N1


SP

SS-304N2


SP

SS-316H


SP

SS-316L


SP

SS-316N1


SP

SS-316N2


SP

SS-409L


SP

SS-409LE


SP

SS-409LNi

Stainless Steel – 400 Series Alloy

SP

SS-410

Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy

SP

SS-410L

Key

31

SP



Key

SS-430L SS-430N2 SS-434L

Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy

SP SP


SP

SS-434LCb


SP

SS-434N2


SP

33

NOTES

Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692 U.S.A. (609) 452-7700 FAX (609) 987-8523 Email: [email protected] [email protected] g website: mpif.org

2016 MIM Standards

Mpif-35

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