“AÑO DE LA CONSOLIDACION DEL MAR DE GRAU” UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL SANTIAGO ANTUNEZ DE MAYOLO MAYOLO
FACULTAD DE ADMINISTRACION Y TURISMO ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE TURISMO CURSO: GEOGRAFIA TURISTICA DEL PERU
TEMA: LA HIDROGRAFÍA DEL PERÚ
DOCENTE: ROBERT JAMANCA ANAYA ANAYA
INTEGRANTES: •
CERNA DUEÑAS NELSON
•
DE LA CRUZ ALVAREZ ESPERANZA
•
DUEÑAS RODRIGUEZ IRIS
•
GAMARRA ALVAREZ ALVAREZ CEILINA CE ILINA
•
SALAZAR FIGUEROA LEYDI
HUARAZ – 06 DE OCTUBRE DEL 2016
DEDICATORIA
A nuestros nuestros padres. padres.
INTRODUCCIN El agua c!"#$#u%& 'a#($)!$ *& la Nac$+! % &" u! ,$&! *& u" '-,l$c .u& *&,& "&( u"a* &! a()!/a c! &l ,$&! c)-! $!#&g(a!* 0al(&" "c$al&"1 cul#u(al&"1 &c!+)$c"1 'l/#$c" % a),$&!#al&"2 Pa(a &ll1 &l E"#a* '()u&0& la a(#$culac$+! *& la" 'l/#$ca" &! )a#&($a *& (&cu("" 3/*($c" c! la" 'l/#$ca" #&(($#($al&"1 *& c!"&(0ac$+! % a'(0&c3a)$&!# &4$c$&!#& *& l" (&cu("" !a#u(al&" a &"cala !ac$!al1 (&g$!al % lcal5 a"$)$")1 4)&!#a(6 &l *&"a((ll *& la cul#u(a *&l agua ($&!#a*a a &l&0a( la c!c$&!c$a c$u*a*a!a &! #(! a la '(,l&)6#$ca (&lac$!a*a c! la cal$*a* *&l (&cu(" 3/*($c2 El P&(-1 'a/" '($0$l&g$a* '( "u 4&(#a 3/*($ca2 El agua c) (&cu(" !a#u(al (&!0a,l& "a#$"4ac& #a!# la *&)a!*a *& ac#$0$*a*&" ',lac$!al&" % '(*uc#$0a"1 c) &l )a!#&!$)$&!# *& l" &c"$"#&)a" acu6#$c" % l" c$cl" !a#u(al&"2 El *&"a((ll *& la" "c$&*a*&"2 E! la "$gu$&!#& )!g(a4/a *a(&)" a c!c&( la 3$*(g(a4/a *&l P&(-1 c! &ll *&#alla!* la" #(&" 0&(#$&!#&" 3$*(g(64$ca" c! "u" (&"'&c#$0a" )$c(((&g$!&" % "&c#(&"2
OB!ETIVOS La" acc$!&" c(*$!a*a" .u& &l 3),(& (&al$7a c!"$*&(a!* "u &4&c# &! "$"#&)a !a#u(al 4()a* '( u!a cu&!ca1 % la *$!6)$ca *& *$c3 "$"#&)a1 #$&!& *$4&(&!#&" c!!#ac$!&"2 E! g&!&(al *$c3a c(*$!ac$+! *& acc$!&" 3a "$* ca#alga*a '( &l au#( *&l '(&"&!#& #(a,a8 c) acc$!&" *& g&"#$+! a !$0&l *& cu&!ca" "$)'l&)&!#& *& g&"#$+! *& cu&!ca"2 E"#a" ac#$0$*a*&" *& g&"#$+! #$&!&! *$4&(&!#&" ,8&#$0" '( l cual (&c$,&! *$4&(&!#&" !),(&"2 L" ,8&#$0" )6" c!c$*" "!9 D&"a((ll *& cu&!ca"1 *&"a((ll $!#&g(a* *& cu&!ca"2 Ma!&8 *& cu&!ca"1 (*&!a)$&!# *& cu&!ca"2 D&"a((ll *& (&cu("" 3/*($c"1 a*)$!$"#(ac$+! *&l agua2 P(#&cc$+! *& cu&!ca"1 (&cu'&(ac$+! *& cu&!ca"2
CUERPO DEL TRABA!O 1" LA HIDROGRAFIA DEL PERU ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 1.1
FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA CALIDAD DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS……………………………………….8 1.1.1
ANTROPOGÉNICOS…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….8 1.1.2 NATURALES………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………….9 1.2 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FUENTES DE CONTAMINACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS……………………10 1.2.1.- E!"#$"%
&'()"*"#$"% *" +, ,)$--*,*
,/')(+,…………………………………………………………………..11 1.2.2.- E!"#$"%
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-#"',………………………………………………………………………………….11
2"# CONCETOS
2.1. $%U& ES UNA
CUENCA'"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""11
2.2. $%U& ES UNA CUENCA
HIDROGR(FICA'""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""11
2.3. PARTES DE UNA CUENCA))))))))))))))))))))))
11
2.4. TIPOS DE CUENCAS::::::::::::::::::::::::2;<
2.5. FUNCIONES DE LAS
CUENCAS)))))))))))))))))))""""12 2.6. LAGOS Y LAGUNAS DEL PER*))))))))))))))))))# )
12 3.- LA
ERTIENTE DEL
PACIFICO………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….13 3.1. CARACTERÍSTICAS…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………13 3.2. PRINCIPALES RÍOS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………..14 4.- LA
ERTIENTE
AMAÓNICA……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………17 4.1. CARACTERÍSTICAS…………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………….17 4.2. PRINCIPALES RÍOS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………..18
5. LA ERTIENTE HIDROGRFICA DEL TITICACA……………………………………………………………………………………19
5.1. CARACTERISTICAS…………………………………………………………………………… ………………………19 5.2. PRINCIPALES RÍOS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………20 5.3. IMPORTANCIA DEL LAGO TITICACA……………………………………………………………………………………………20
CONCLUCION…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………..21 :I:LIOGRAFIA…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………….……22
1"# HIDROGRAF+A DEL PER* El => *& agua *ulc& *&l 'la!&#a "& &!cu&!#(a &! &l P&(-1 *$"#($,u$* &! #(&" 0&(#$&!#&"9 la *&l Pac/4$c1 la *&l A#l6!#$c % la *&l Lag T$#$caca1 *&l$)$#a*" '( la C(*$ll&(a *& l" A!*&"2 El (/ A)a7!a" !ac& *&l Oc?a! A#l6!#$c2 El P&(- cu&!#a c! @= cu&!ca" 3$*(g(64$ca"1 @< *& la" cual&" "! '&.u&a" cu&!ca" c"#&(a" .u& 0$&(#&! "u" agua" al c?a! Pac/4$c2 La" #(a" *" "! la cu&!ca *&l A)a7!a"1 .u& *&"&),ca &! &l A#l6!#$c1 % la cu&!ca &!*((&$ca *&l lag T$#$caca1 a),a" *&l$)$#a*a" '( la c(*$ll&(a *& l" A!*&"2 E! la "&gu!*a *& &"#a" cu&!ca" !ac& #a),$?! &l g$ga!#& A)a7!a" .u&1 c! "u" < )1 &" &l (/ )6" la(g % cau*al" *&l )u!*2 Su 0&(#$&!#& cu'a &l @> *&l #&(($#($ '&(ua!2 El P&(- c!#$&!& &l => *&l agua *ulc& *&l 'la!&#a2 El P&(-1 'a/" '($0$l&g$a* '( "u 4&(#a 3/*($ca1 *$"'!& *& u! 0lu)&! a!ual '()&*$ *& ; @;< MMC *& agua .u& c!c&!#(a &l 2< > *&l 0lu)&! &! la 0&(#$&!#& *&l A)a7!a"1 &! *!*& "& &"#a,l&c& &l > *& la ',lac$+!5 &l 2@ > "& a"$&!#a &! la 0&(#$&!#& *&l T$#$caca .u& al,&(ga a u! @ > *& la ',lac$+! % &l ;2 > (&"#a!#&1 &! la 0&(#$&!#& *&l Pac/4$c (&-!& al @ > *& la ',lac$+!2 El agua c) (&cu(" !a#u(al (&!0a,l& "a#$"4ac& #a!# la *&)a!*a *& ac#$0$*a*&" ',lac$!al&" % '(*uc#$0a"1 a"/ c) &l )a!#&!$)$&!# *& l" &c"$"#&)a" acu6#$c" % l" c$cl" !a#u(al&"2 S$! &),a(g1 &l c(&c$)$&!# *&)g(64$c1 l" ca),$" *& u" #&(($#($al .u& '($($7a! &l u" u(,a!1 la *&"$gual *$"#($,uc$+! &"'ac$al *&l agua % "u 0a($a,$l$*a* &"#ac$!al *&#&()$!a! *$4&(&!c$a" "$g!$4$ca#$0a" &! la *$"'!$,$l$*a* *&l (&cu(" 3/*($c2 La $!"#$#uc$!al$*a* &! la g&"#$+! *& la cal$*a* *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c" 3a *a* u! $)'(#a!#& a0a!c& c! la c(&ac$+! *& l" C!"&8" *& R&cu("" H/*($c" *& Cu&!ca1 &"'ac$" .u& "& &!ca)$!a! a u!a g&"#$+! )ul#$"&c#($al *&l agua1 .u& c!4()a! &l S$"#&)a Nac$!al *& G&"#$+! *& l" R&cu("" H/*($c" SNGRH .u& a"&gu(a la '(#&cc$+!1 a'(0&c3a)$&!# ""#&!$,l& % (&cu'&(ac$+! *& la cal$*a* *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c" a #(a0?" *& l" 'la!&" *& g&"#$+! *& cu&!ca"1 .u& c!#($,u%&! c! la )&8(a *& la cal$*a* *& 0$*a *& la" ',lac$!&" % l" &c"$"#&)a" acu6#$c"2 La Au#($*a* Nac$!al *&l Agua *&"*& &l < 0$&!& &8&cu#a!* 'aula#$!a)&!#& acc$!&" *& 0$g$la!c$a *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c" .u& $!clu%&! &l )!$#(& & $*&!#$4$cac$+! *& 4u&!#&"
c!#a)$!a!#&" c! &l ,8&#$0 *& &0alua( &l &"#a* *& la cal$*a* *&l agua *& l" *$0&("" cu&('" !a#u(al&" *& agua (/"1 lag" % lagu!a"1 cu% (&"ul#a* (&g$"#(a algu!" 'a(6)&#(" .u& &Kc&*&! l" E"#6!*a(&" *& Cal$*a* A),$&!#al ECA 'a(a agua &! =; u!$*a*&" 3$*(g(64$ca"1 a*&)6" "& 3a $*&!#$4$ca* u!a '(,l&)6#$ca a"c$a*a a l" 0&(#$)$&!#" *& agua" (&"$*ual&" ! #(a#a*a"1 )a!&8 $!a*&cua* *& (&"$*u" "+l$*"1 'a"$0" a),$&!#al&" )$!&("1 3$*(ca(,u(/4&("1 ag(/cla" % ',lac$!al&"1 )$!&(/a $!4()al & $l&gal1 % #(" 0$!cula*" a la" ca(ac#&(/"#$ca" !a#u(al&" *& la" cu&!ca" 3$*(g(64$ca"2 E! &"& "&!#$* "& &"#a,l&c& la !&c&"$*a* *& *&4$!$( la" acc$!&" ($&!#a*a" a la '(#&cc$+! (&cu'&(ac$+! *& la cal$*a* *&l agua1 .u& "u"#&!#a &l *$"& *& la E"#(a#&g$a Nac$!al 'a(a &l M&8(a)$&!# *& la Cal$*a* *& l" R&cu("" H/*($c"1 *&"a((lla*a" a #(a0?" *& #(&" l/!&a" *& acc$+!9 (&cu'&(ac$+! *& la cal$*a* *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c" (&*ucc$+! *& la ca(ga c!#a)$!a!#& a'(#a*a '( 0&(#$)$&!#" *& agua" (&"$*ual&" % (&)&*$ac$+! *& 'a"$0" a),$&!#al&"1 *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c" & $!"#$#uc$!al 'a(a la g&"#$+! *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c"2 La $)'l&)&!#ac$+! *& la '(&c$#a*a E"#(a#&g$a "& *&"a((lla(6 a #(a0?" *& u! 'la! *& acc$+! .u& $!0luc(a acc$!&" #?c!$ca"1 !()a#$0a" % *& g&"#$+! &! u! 3($7!#& '('u&"# *& *$&7 a" <;<<@5 &"#a" acc$!&" 3a! (&c$,$* l" c)&!#a($" % a'(#&" *&l "&c#( '-,l$c % '($0a* &! u! '(c&" 'a(#$c$'a#$0 (&al$7a* *u(a!#& &l a <;=2 El '(c&" *& $)'l&)&!#ac$+! *&l 'la! *& acc$+! "& &!cu&!#(a a()!$7a* c! &l Pla! Nac$!al *& Acc$+! A),$&!#al1 la Pl/#$ca % E"#(a#&g$a Nac$!al *& l" R&cu("" H/*($c" % &l Pla! Nac$!al *& R&cu("" H/*($c" c! &l .u& "& &"'&(a lg(a( la (&cu'&(ac$+! g(a*ual *& la cal$*a* *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c"1 &"#a,l&c&( &l cu)'l$)$&!# *& )&ca!$")" a(#$cula*" *& '(#&cc$+! % 4(#al&c$)$&!# *& la g&"#$+! $!#&g(a*a *& l" (&cu("" 3/*($c"2
1"1"#FACTORES %UE INFLUYEN EN LA CALIDAD DE LOS RECURSOS H+DRICOS 1"1"1"# ANTROPOG&NICOS" C)'(&!*& ac#$0$*a*&" ',lac$!al&" % '(*uc#$0a" .u& u"a! &l (&cu(" 3/*($c *&"*& "u 4u&!#& !a#u(al1 la" cual&" g&!&(a! 0&(#$* *& agua" (&"$*ual&" ! #(a#a*a"5 a"$)$")1 u!a *&4$c$&!#& c,&(#u(a *&l "$"#&)a *& alca!#a($lla* % 'la!#a" *& #(a#a)$&!# *& agua" (&"$*ual&" *)?"#$ca"1 )a!&8 $!a*&cua* *& ag(.u/)$c" % (&"$*u" "+l$*" *)?"#$c"1 'a"$0" a),$&!#al&" )$!&(" & 3$*(ca(,u(/4&("1 )$!&(/a $!4()al & $l&gal % *&4(&"#ac$+!2
1"1"2 NATURALES S& (&4$&(& a a.u&ll (&la#$0 a la !a#u(al&7a '(*uc$* '( &lla "$! la $!#&(0&!c$+! *&l 3),(&1 c) la" ca(ac#&(/"#$ca" g&l+g$ca"1 3$*(l+g$ca"1 &*a4l+g$ca"1 c!*$c$!&" cl$)a#l+g$ca"1 ca),$ cl$)6#$c1 !a#u(al&7a 0lc6!$ca % 4&!+)&!" !a#u(al&"1 &!#(& #(a"2
1"2"#DESCRIPCIN DE LAS FUENTES DE CONTAMINACIN DE LOS RECURSOS H+DRICOS 1"2"1"#EFLUENTES POBLACIONALES La" agua" (&"$*ual&" '(0&!$&!#&" *&l u" ',lac$!al "! a.u&lla" *& ($g&! (&"$*&!c$al1 c)&(c$al & $!*u"#($al .u& c!#$&!&! *&"&c3" 4$"$l+g$c" % #(" '(0&!$&!#&" *& la ac#$0$*a* ',lac$!al2 E"#a" c!#$&!&! )$c((ga!$")" 'a#+g&!"1 )a#&($a (g6!$ca1 *&#&(g&!#&" % #(" '(*uc#" .u/)$c"2 El #(a#a)$&!# % *$"'"$c$+! 4$!al &"#6 a ca(g *& la" &)'(&"a" '(&"#a*(a" *& "&(0$c$" *& "a!&a)$&!# EPS2 E! &l 'a/" &l "&c#( "a!&a)$&!# &!4(&!#a *" '(,l&)a" "&($"9 Sl u! = > *& la" agua" (&"$*ual&" (&c$,&! alg-! #$' *& #(a#a)$&!#2
−
M6" *&l @ > *& la" 'la!#a" *& #(a#a)$&!# *& agua" (&"$*ual&" '&(a! ",(&ca(ga*a"2
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1"2"2"#EFLUENTES PROCEDENTES DE LA ACTIVIDAD AGR+COLA La" agua" (&"$*ual&" ag(/cla" &"#6! (&'(&"&!#a*a" '( la" agua" *& *(&!a8& *& l" ca)'" *& cul#$01 la" cual&" a((a"#(a! l" (&"$*ual&" *& l" ag(.u/)$c" 'lagu$c$*a" % a,!" "$!#?#$c" &)'l&a*" &! &"#a ac#$0$*a*1 c) )&*$" 'a(a )&8(a( la '(*uc#$0$*a*2 E! la ac#ual$*a* ! 'u&*& c!c&,$("& u!a ag($cul#u(a '(*uc#$0a1 *& al#" (&!*$)$&!#"1 "$! &l c!cu(" *& l" 'lagu$c$*a" (g6!$c" "$!#?#$c" % &! &l ca" *& l" 'lagu$c$*a" c) cual.u$&( #( #+K$c1 "u u#$l$7ac$+! &"#6 a"c$a*a a u! ($&"g2 L" 'lagu$c$*a" 'u&*&! *&"'la7a("& '( la "u'&(4$c$& #&((&"#(& %a "&a a((a"#(a*" '( &l agua a #(a0?" *& la" llu0$a"1 $(($gac$+! u #(a" 4u&!#&" .u& *$"cu((&! a 7!a" ,a8a"1 la" cual&" *u(a!#& "u a0a!c& 'u&*&! *$"l0&("& % c!"&gu$( '&!&#(a( &l "u&l2 El 0$&!# &" #( 4ac#( $)'(#a!#& 'a(a "u *$"'&("$+! %a .u& &l )0$)$&!# #a!# *&l agua c) *&l 0$&!# &("$!a l" "u&l" % a((a"#(a! c!"$g 'a(#/cula" .u& 'u&*&! ll&0a( 'lagu$c$*a" a,"(,$*"2
1"2","# EFLUENTES PROCEDENTES DE LA MINER+A T*a" la" $!"#alac$!&"1 &4lu&!#&"1 &)$"$!&"1 (&"#" *&'+"$#" *& (&"$*u" '(*uc$*" '( '&(ac$!&" )$!&(a"1 &! la ac#ual$*a* a,a!*!a*a" $!ac#$0a" % .u& c!"#$#u%&! u! ($&"g '&()a!&!#& % '#&!c$al 'a(a la "alu* *& la ',lac$+!1 &l &c"$"#&)a c$(cu!*a!#& % la '('$&*a*2
2"#CONCEPTOS 2"1"# $%U& ES UNA CUENCA' T&(($#($ cu%a" agua" a4lu%&! #*a" a u! )$") (/1 lag )a(2 E" &l 6(&a .u& cu'a &l ($
2"2"# $%U& ES UNA CUENCA HIDROGR(FICA' La cu&!ca 3$*(g(64$ca "& *&4$!& c) u!a u!$*a* #&(($#($al &! la cual &l agua .u& ca& '( '(&c$'$#ac$+! "& (&-!& % &"cu((& a u! 'u!# c)-! .u& 4lu%& #*a al )$") (/1 lag1 )a(2 E! &"#a 6(&a 0$0&! "&(&" 3u)a!"1 a!$)al&" % 'la!#a"1 #*" &ll" (&lac$!a*"2
2","# PARTES DE UNA CUENCA" •
C-./ 3: .u& c((&"'!*& a la 7!a *!*& !ac& &l (/1 &l cual "& *&"'la7a '( u!a g(a! '&!*$&!#&2
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C-./ 4.5: La 'a(#& *& la cu&!ca &! la cual 3a% u! &.u$l$,($ &!#(& &l )a#&($al "+l$* .u& ll&ga #(a/* '( la c(($&!#& % &l )a#&($al .u& "al&2 V$"$,l&)&!#& ! 3a%
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&("$+!2 C-./ 78: Pa(#& *& la cu&!ca &! la cual &l )a#&($al &K#(a/* *& la 'a(#& al#a "& *&'"$#a &! l .u& "& lla)a c! *& *&%&cc$+!
2"9"# TIPOS DE CUENCAS2 EK$"#&! #(&" #$'" *& cu&!ca"9 •
E;<<.=: la" agua" ll&ga! a *&"agua( &! l" c?a!" ca*a u! *& )a!&(a $!*&'&!*$&!#& a #(a0?" *& u! cl&c#( c)-!2 U! &8&)'l &" la cu&!ca *&l Pla#a1 &!
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Su*a)?($ca2 E/5;<<.=: cua!* l" (/" ! #$&!&! "al$*a 3ac$a l" )a(&"1 #&()$!a! '&(*$?!*"& &!
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la 'a(#& c!#$!&!#al &8&)'l &l lag T$#$caca2 A<<.=: cu((& cua!* a '&"a( *& &K$"#$( u! cauc& .u& '&()$#& la ll&ga*a *& la" agua" *&l ($ 3ac$a &l )a( &"#a" ! ll&ga! '( .u& "& 4$l#(a! &0a'(a! &! &l #(a%&c#2
2">"# FUNCIONES DE LAS CUENCAS • •
• •
Fu!c$+! 3$*(l+g$ca Ca'#ac$+! *& agua *& la" *$4&(&!#&" 4u&!#&" *& '(&c$'$#ac$+! 'a(a 4()a( &l &"cu(($)$&!# *& )a!a!#$al&"1 (/" % a((%"2 Al)ac&!a)$&!# *&l agua &! "u" *$4&(&!#&" 4()a" % #$&)'" *& *u(ac$+!2 D&"ca(ga *&l agua c) &"cu(($)$&!#
F-/?/ .;?@: P(0&& *$0&("$*a* *& "$#$" % (u#a" a l la(g *& la cual "& ll&0a! a ca, $!#&(acc$!&" &!#(& la" ca(ac#&(/"#$ca" *& cal$*a* 4/"$ca % .u/)$ca *&l agua2 P(0&& *& 36,$#a# 'a(a la 4l(a % 4au!a .u& c!"#$#u%&! l" &l&)&!#" ,$l+g$c" *&l &c"$"#&)a % #$&!&! $!#&(acc$!&" &!#(& la" ca(ac#&(/"#$ca" 4/"$ca" % ,$l+g$ca" *&l agua
F-/?/ 47./3: C!"#$#u%&! "u)$*&(" *& CO<2 Al,&(ga ,a!c" *& g&()'la")a2 R&gula la (&ca(ga 3/*($ca % l" c$cl" ,$g&.u/)$c"2 C!"&(0a la ,$*$0&("$*a*2 Ma!#$&!& la $!#&g($*a* % la *$0&("$*a* *& l" "u&l"
F-/?/ =;;.;/?4: Su)$!$"#(a (&cu("" !a#u(al&" 'a(a &l *&"a((ll *& ac#$0$*a*&" '(*uc#$0a" .u& *a! "u"#&!# a la ',lac$+!2 P(0&& *& u! &"'ac$ 'a(a &l *&"a((ll "c$al % cul#u(al *& la "c$&*a*2
2"6"# LAGOS Y LAGUNAS DEL PER*
Ac#ual)&!#& &! #* &l #&(($#($ '&(ua! 3a% )6" *& ;< lag" % lagu!a" *& *$"#$!# #a)a1 l" cual&" "& *$"#($,u%&! *& la "$gu$&!#& )a!&(a9 V&(#$&!#& *&l Pac/4$c9
lagu!a"2
Cu&!ca *&l A)a7!a"9 ==; lagu!a"2 Cu&!ca *&l T$#$caca9 = lagu!a"2
,"#LA VERTIENTE DEL PACIFICO La" cu&!ca" *& la 0&(#$&!#& *&l Pac/4$c1 &! &l P&(-1 "& ca(ac#&($7a! '( &"#a( c)'u&"#a" *& (/" c! cu&!ca" *& l!g$#u* l$)$#a*a1 "$&!* la )a%( *& &lla" la *&l (/ Sa!#a *& ;= @= )<2 T$&!& (/" )u% c(#" '(.u& !ac&! &! la" )!#aa" '(+K$)a" al )a(2
,"1"#CARACTER+STICAS: E"#6 c!"#$#u$* '( @ (/"1 .u& !ac&! &! la ca*&!a cc$*&!#al *& l" A!*&" P&(ua!" % 0a! *& E"#& a O&"#& (/" #(a!"0&("al&"2 S! (/" &K((&$c"1 a*&)6" c!#$&!& (/" a((&$c"2 S! *& (?g$)&! $((&gula(1 4u&(#& *$4&(&!c$a *& cau*al *&l 0&(a! al $!0$&(!2 S! (/" *& (&c(($* c(# % #((&!#" c! g(a! #(a,a8 &("$0 &! "u (&c(($*2 N "! !a0&ga,l&" a &Kc&'c$+! *&l (/ Tu),&" .u& #$&!& (?g$)&! *$4&(&!#&2 S! (/" *& 'c cau*al2 S! l" (/" )6" &K'l#a*" % c!#a)$!a*" *&l P&(-2 La 'a(#& !(#& *& la ;=3 .<-/1 a'(K$)a*a)&!#& 3a"#a la cu&!ca *&l (/ R/)ac1 &" )u% $!4lu&!c$a*a '( la cu((&!c$a *&l *&!)$!a* F&!+)&! *& El N$2 E! &4&c#1 la c((&lac$+! *& la cu((&!c$a *&l 4&!+)&! c! la cu((&!c$a *& cau*al&" al#" &! la" a0&!$*a" &" al#a2 E! la )&*$*a &! .u& "& a0a!7a 3ac$a &l "u( la c((&lac$+! *& l" cau*al&" c! la cu((&!c$a ! *& *$c3 4&!+)&! "& 3ac& )6" ca"ual1 'u*$&!* $!4lu$( ! &! 4u!c$+! *& #(a" 0a($a,l&" *& ca(6c#&( a#)"4?($c (&g$!al2
,"2"#PRINCIPALES R+OS R; Z<-4 T-47.=: E"#& (/ #$&!& g(a! $)'(#a!c$a 'l/#$ca '(.u& c!"#$#u%& l/)$#& !a#u(al &!#(& P&(- % Ecua*(2 E"#& (/ !ac& &! #&(($#($ &cua#($a! % #$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& @ )2 a'(K$)a*a)&!#& &! #&(($#($ '&(ua!2
R; T-47.= T-47.=: E"#& (/ !ac& &! l" a!*&" cc$*&!#al&" *&l Ecua*( c! &l !),(& *& (/ Pu%a!g1 ca),$a!* "u *&!)$!ac$+! '( (/ Tu),&" al &!#(a( a #&(($#($ '&(ua!5 *&"&),ca 4()a!* u! *&l#a1 *!*& '(&*)$!a &l )a!gla(2 E" &l -!$c (/ !a0&ga,l& *& la c"#a2 T$&!& ;@ )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; C< P-<: S&gu!* (/ )6" cau*al"2 Nac& &! #&(($#($ &cua#($a! c! &l !),(& *& (/ Ca#a)a% % c!4lu%& c! &l (/ Ma#a(6 "$(0& *& l/)$#& &!#(& &l P&(- % Ecua*(1 a#(a0$&"a &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& P$u(a % 'a"a '( la '(0$!c$a *& Sulla!a2 La" agua" &l (/ C3$(a % *& "u" a4lu&!#&"1 (/ u$(7 % (/ C3$'$ll$c1 "& &"#6! a'(0&c3a!* )&8( g(ac$a" a la c!"#(ucc$+! *& la (&'(&"a *& P&c3" % &l (&"&(0($ *& Sa! L(&!72 R; P-< P-<: Nac& &! la P(0$!c$a *& Hua!ca,a),a 1 &! &l c&(( S(g+! c! &l !),(& *& (/ Sa! Ma(#/!1 *&!)$!ac$+! .u& ca),$a '( &l *& (/ Ca!c3a.u& % 4$!al)&!#& cua!* c!4lu%& c! &l (/ B$g#&1 #)a &l !),(& *& (/ P$u(a1 *&"&),ca!* &! la ,a3/a *& S&c3u(a2 R; L L.. L47.-.: Nac& &! &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& Ca8a)a(ca1 &! la '(0$!c$a *& Cu#&(01 la" agua" *& &"#& (/ "! )u% ,$&! a'(0&c3a*a" &! "u (&c(($* % ! ll&ga a *&"&),ca( &! &l )a(2 T$&!& ;< )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; L47.-. – R.-. –T4 – C/ L47.-.: Nac& &! &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& Ca8a)a(ca1 '(0$!c$a *& Sa!#a C(u7 c! &l !),(& *& (/ C3a!ca% % a 'a(#$( *&l 'u&,l la Pu!#$lla1 &l l&c3 4lu0$al "& *$0$*& &! #(&" (a)al&"9 &l (a)al !(#& (/ Ta%)$1 c&!#( (/ La),a%&.u& % (a)al "u( (/ R&.u&2 S& 3a c!"#(u$* &l (&"&(0($ *& T$!a8!&" c! u!a ca'ac$*a* *& al)ac&!a)$&!# *& < *& ) .u& $!c(&)&!#a "u" agua" c! &l a'(#& *&l (/ C3#a! % la C2H2 Ca(3ua.u&(2 R; !.-.3..-. L L7.<35: Nac& &! &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& Ca8a)a(ca c! &l !),(& (/ G(a!*& lu&g (/ C3$l&#& T&),la*&(a %a &! cu(" $!4&($( "& *&!)$!a (/ J&.u&#&'&.u&2 F()a u! 0all& .u& "& *&"#aca '( &l cul#$0 *& a((7 % la c!"#(ucc$+! *& la (&'(&"a *& Gall$# C$&g P(0$!c$a *& C!#u)a76 Ca8a)a(ca % la C2H2 Gall$# C$&g2 R; C4 L L7.<35: Nac& &! l" A!*&" L$,&(#&"1 &! la lagu!a *& Sa! L(&!7 c! &l !),(& *& (/ Callacu%6! lu&g "& *&!)$!a (/ C$!a #a),$?! (/ Hua!ca% % 4$!al)&!#& (/ C3$ca)a1 c! &"#& !),(& ll&ga a *&"&),ca(2 Su" agua" "! a'(0&c3a*a" &! u! 0all& *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& la caa *& a7-ca( Ca"a G(a!*& Ca(#a0$2 Su cu(" &" *& ;= )2
R; M;. L L7.<35: A#(a0$&"a la c"#a % 4()a &l 0all& *& Sa!#a Ca#al$!a Mc3&1 *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& la caa *& a7-ca(2 R; V< L L7.<35: 4()a &l 0all& &! &l .u& "& cul#$0a &K$#"a)&!#& &l &"'6((ag % cul#$0" *& 'a! ll&0a(2 R; S/3 A/=: E" u! *& l" (/" *& la c"#a *& )a%( cau*al2 Nac& &! la" '(K$)$*a*&" *&l !&0a* *& Tuc# c) u! '&.u& (/ .u& 0$&(#& "u" agua" &! la lagu!a *& C!cc3a1 &! "u cu(" "u'&($( 4()a &l Call&8+! *& Hua%la"1 &! &l cual "& "uc&*&! c$u*a*&" c) R&cua%1 Hua(a71 Ca(3u6"1 Yu!ga% % Ca(a75 a la al#u(a *& la '(0$!c$a *& Hua%la" ()'& la C(*$ll&(a N&g(a &! &l Ca+! *&l Pa# 'a(a ca),$a( la *$(&cc$+! % "al$( a la c"#a a *&"&),ca( al )a(1 a3/ 4()a la C2H2 Hualla!ca2 E! &l "&c#( c"#&( 4()a &l 0all& *&l Sa!#a *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& la caa *& a7-ca(1 alg*+! % '(*uc#" al$)&!#$c$"2 U! *& l" a4lu&!#&" )6" $)'(#a!#&" &" &l (/ C3u.u$ca(a2 A la" agua" *&l (/ Sa!#a "& '(&#&!*& *a(l&" )&8( u" al$)&!#a!* la" $(($gac$!&" *& C3a0$)c3$c % C3$!&"ca"2 R; F;<3. L4: Nac& &! la C(*$ll&(a N&g(a P(0$!c$a *& R&cua%1 A!ca"35 al ll&ga( a la c"#a 4()a u! 0all& *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& la caa *& a7-ca(2 D&"&),ca al "u( *& la c$u*a* *& Pa#$0$lca2 R; H--< L4: Nac& &! la '(0$!c$a *& O%+! L$)a2 La" agua" *&l (/ Huau(a 3a! "$* u#$l$7a*a" &! la $(($gac$+! *& Sa!#a R"a1 % 4()a &! "u" cu("" )&*$ % ,a8 u! ($c 0all& *&*$ca* a l" cul#$0" *& 4(u#a"1 3(#al$7a"1 4l(&"1 caa *& a7-ca(1 alg*+!1 &#c2 R; C/# H-< L4: Nac& &! &l !&0a* *& Rau(a1 4()a( u! 0all& 4(u#/cla1 la" agua" *& &"#& (/ 3a! "$* a'(0&c3a*a" &! la $(($gac$+! La E"'&(a!7a2 T$&!& ;< )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; C?/ L4: Nac& &! la lagu!a *& C3!#a2 E! "u 'a(#& a!*$!a 4()a u! 3&()" 0all& &!ca8!a*1 a)'l$6!*"& &! Ca!#a2 E! la (&g$+! *& la c"#a 4()a &l 0all& *& Ca(a,a%ll2 El (/ C3$ll+! 4()a u! 0all& &! &l .u& "& cul#$0a )a/71 'a'a1 alg*+! % cul#$0" *& 'a! ll&0a(2 T$&!& ;< )2 *& l!g$#u*2
R; R4 L4: Nac& &! l" *&"3$&l" *& T$cl$1 a )6" *& @ )"!)2 F()a( &l $)'(&"$!a!#& ca+! *&l $!4$&(!$ll5 *&"'u?"1 &l 0all& "& a)'l/a1 'a(a a!g"#a("& !u&0a)&!#& &! &l "&c#( *& V$" % c)&!7a( *&4$!$#$0a)&!#& &!"a!c3a("& 3a"#a "u *&"&),ca*u(a &! &l Calla2 E!c!#(a)" la" c&!#(al&" 3$*(&l?c#($ca" *& Hua)'a!/1 Pa,l B!&(1 M%'a)'a2 E! "u a4lu&!#& Sa!#a Eulal$a Hu6!uc1 Ba(,a Bla!ca2
J R; L-</ L4" Nac& &! la '(0$!c$a *& Hua(c3$(/ 4()a u! 0all& '&.u& *!*& "& "$&),(a alg*+!1 4(u#al&" % '(*uc#" al$)&!#$c$"2 D&"&),ca al "u( *& la" (u$!a" *& Pac3aca)ac2
J R; CK.3. L4: Nac& &! la '(0$!c$a *& Yau%"1 4()a u! 0all& .u& *&"#aca '( la '(*ucc$+! *& 'a'a1 alg*+! % 4(u#a"2 La" agua" *&l (/ Ca&#& "& u#$l$7a! &! la $(($gac$+! I)'&($al % &l Pla#a!al2 T$&!& < )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; C/ I: El (/ C3$!c3a 4()a &! la c"#a u! ,u&! 0all& &! *!*& "& cul#$0a alg*+!1 0$*1 'a'a1 4(u#al&"1 &#c2 ;=< )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; I I: Nac& &! &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& Hua!ca0&l$ca1 &l 0all& .u& 4()a &l (/ Ica &" a)'l$ % *&*$ca* a l" cul#$0" *& alg*+!1 0$*1 'a'a % 4(u#al&"2 El (/ "& '$&(*& a!#&" *& *&"&),ca( &! &l )a(2 Au)&!#a "u cau*al c! &l lag C3clcc3a2 << )2 *& l!g$#u*2
J R; G</5.# I/@./; – N I" Nac& &! &l *&'a(#a)&!# *& A%acuc31 '(0$!c$a *& Luca!a" (&c((& la '(0$!c$a *& Pal'a % (&c$,& la" agua" *&l (/ I!g&!$ &l cual #a),$?! 3a !ac$* &! A%acuc3 % (&c((& la '(0$!c$a *& Na7ca2 E! *$c3a '(0$!c$a &l (/ Na7ca *a agua" al (/ G(a!*&1 &"#& 4()a u! $!)&!" 0all& alg*!&( % 4(u#/cla2 R; O;K – C;3-= A<.-: E! "u (&c(($* 4()a &l $)'(&"$!a!#& ca+! *& C#a3ua"$1 &!#(a a la '(0$!c$a *& C!*&"u%" % al ll&ga( a la '(0$!c$a *& Ca)a!6 "& *&!)$!a (/ Oca5 !),(& .u& )a!#$&!& 3a"#a "u *&"&),ca*u(a2 Su cu(" &" *& < )2 R; C4/ – M8.= – C; A<.-: Nac& &! la '(0$!c$a *& Ca%ll)a '(+K$)a al *&'a(#a)&!# *& Pu!2 E! "u $!$c$ "& *&!)$!a (/ Clca 4()a!* &l $)'(&"$!a!#& ca+! *&l Clca1 lu&g '&!&#(a a la '(0$!c$a *& Ca"#$lla % *!*& "& *&!)$!a (/ Ma8&"1 4()a* u! 0all& *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& 'a! ll&0a( % 4(u#a"5 4$!al)&!#& ll&ga a la '(0$!c$a *& Ca)a!6 % #)a la
*&!)$!ac$+! *& (/ Ca)a!61 3a"#a "u *&"&),ca*u(a2 E! Ca)a!6 '($!c$'al)&!#& "& cul#$0a a((72 R; %- – S-= – V3;< – C A<.-: Nac& &! la lagu!a *& Cl$!& c! &l !),(& *& (/ C3$l$1 'a"a '( la c$u*a* *& A(&.u$'a2 S& 3a a'(0&c3a* "u" agua" &! la (&'(&"a El F(a% l&1 lu&g a la al#u(a *&l 'u&,l *& V/#( #)a &l !),(& *& (/ V/#(5 &! &l l/)$#& *& la" '(0$!c$a" *& A(&.u$'a % Ca)a!6 (&c$,& la" agua" *&l (/ S$3ua" % #)a &l !),(& *& (/ u$lca2 La" agua" *& &"#& (/ 3a! "$* a'(0&c3a*a" &! la $(($gac$+! *& la" 'a)'a" *& S$3ua"1 (&"&(0($" *& Agua*a Bla!ca1 El Pa&1 El F(a$l& % la" C2H C3a(ca!$ I al V2 T$&!& ;@ )2 *& l!g$#u*2
J R; T47; A<.-: Nac& &! la '(0$!c$a *& A(&.u$'a1 a#(a0$&"a la 'a)'a *& Ca)a(!&("1 ll&ga!* a *&"&),ca( &! &l )a(5 4()a u! 0all& *&*$ca* a l" cul#$0" *& 'a! ll&0a(2 Su cu(" &" *& @@ )2 R; O=4;<. M;-.@-: F()a u! 0all& a)'l$ *&*$ca* al cul#$0 *& la" 4(u#a"2 R; L;-47 T/: Nac& *& la c!4lu&!c$a *& l" (/" Yla,a%a % (/ Cu($,a%a #)a!* &l !),(& *& (/ Sala*1 "& '(%&c#a a'(0&c36!*l &! la" $(($gac$!&" *& la" 'a)'a" Ca,&7a *& Vaca % l" Cuc3$ll" % C2H2 A($c#a2 ; )2 *& l!g$#u*2 R; C/ T/: Nac& &! la" 'a(#&" al#a" *& la '(0$!c$a *& Tac!a2 Pa"a '( la c$u*a* *& Tac!a2 N ll&ga a *&"&),ca( &! &l )a(2 F()a &! la 'a(#& a!*$!a u! 0all& $)'(#a!#&2
9"# LA VERTIENTE AMAZNICA E" la V&(#$&!#& )6" &K#&!"a *&l P&(- C!#$!&!#al % la .u& '"&& la )a%( *&!"$*a* *& (&*&" 4lu0$al&"2 Su &K#&!"$+! &" "u'&($( a l" @ )< $!clu%& la cu&!ca *&l A)a(u)a%2
9"1"# CARACTER+STICAS T$&!&! c) cl&c#( &l (/ A)a7!a" Nac&! &! la" cu),(&" '(+K$)a" al Nu* *& Pa"c % Nu* *& V$lca!#a2 S! *& (?g$)&! (&gula(2 S! (/" *& ($g&! 'lu0$ glac$al2 S! (/" !a0&ga,l&"2
S! (/" cau*al"" S! (/" *& g(a! l!g$#u* F()a! )u%u!a" % )&a!*("2 S! l" (/" *&l P&(- c! )a%( '#&!c$al &c!+)$c2 E"#" (/" "! )u% 0al$"" '(.u& ($g$!a! 0all&" )u% $)'(#a!#& 'a(a la ag($cul#u(a2 E! "u" )6(g&!&" "& $!"#ala! 'u&(#"2 Su '#&!c$al 3/*($c "& u#$l$7a &! la '(*ucc$+! *& &!&(g/a &l?c#($ca ca" *& l" (/" Ma!#a(1 U(u,a),a1 &#c2
9"2"#PRINCIPALES R+OS J R; M<K?/ : S& ($g$!a &! l" !&0a*" '(+K$)" a Rau(a1 &! la lagu!a *& Sa!#a A!a % *& all/ a la lagu!a *& Lau($cc3a1 *& *!*& %a "al& c! &l !),(& *& (/ Ma(a+!5 "$gu$&!* u! (&c(($* *& "u( a !(#& a#(a0&"a!* la" '(0$!c$a" *& D" *& Ma% % Hua)al/&" &! Hu6!uc2 E! A!ca"3 c)$&!7a a &!ca!a("&1 alca!7a!* '(4u!*$*a*&" $)'(&"$!a!#&"2 Lu&g 4()a la (&g$+! *& '!g"9 R&!#&!a1 Ma!"&($c3&2 D&"'u?" *&l P!g *& Ma!"&($c3& "& *&!)$!a Ba8 Ma(a+! % '&!&#(a &! la "&l0a ,a8a1 *$"cu(($&!* c! u!a *$(&cc$+! OE1 &! 4()a )&6!*($ca 3a"#a c!4lu$( c! &l (/ Uca%al$ '(+K$) al ',la* *& Nau#a L(&# 'a(a *a( ($g&! al (/ A)a7!a"2 L!g$#u* *& ; )2 R; H-@: E" &l a4lu&!#& )6" $)'(#a!#& *&l (/ Ma(a+! '( la )a(g&! *&(&c3a2 Nac& &! la" '(K$)$*a*&" *&l Nu* *& Pa"c2 El (/ Huallaga &" !a0&ga,l& &! ca!a" % ,al"a" *&"*& T$!g Ma(/a 3a"#a &l P!g *& Agu$((& % 3a"#a "u *&"&),ca*u(a &! &l Ma(a+!1 &! &),a(cac$!&" a 0a'( *& 'c #!&la8&2 Su 'u&(# )6" $)'(#a!#& &" Yu($)agua" L(
J R; U9 T$&!& "u ($g&! (&)# &! &l !&0a* *& M$a)$ % C3.u&c(a c(*$ll&(a C3$la A(&.u$'a *!*& "& ($g$!a c! &l !),(& *& (/ Ca(3ua"a!#a1 M!$g#&1 lu&g #)a &l !),(& *& (/ A'u(/)ac *&"'u?" (&c$,& la" agua" *&l (/ Ma!#a( % 4()a &l (/ E!&2 El E!& (&c$,& la" agua" *&l (/ P&(&!& 'a(a 4()a( &l (/ Ta),2 Ta), c!4lu%& c! &l U(u,a),a c&(ca *&l 'u&,l *& A#ala%a 4()a! &l al# Uca%al$2 E! u! (&c(($* )&6!*($c (&c$,$&!* agua" *&l (/ Pac3$#&a Ba8 Uca%al$ % *&l (/ P$c3$"1 ac&!#ua!* la *$(&cc$+! SENE 3a"#a &!c!#(a("& c! &l (/ Ma(a+! % 4()a! &l (/ A)a7!a"2 EK$"#&! 'u&(#"9 A#ala%a1 Blg!&"$ & I'a($a5 % &! &l Ba8 Uca%al$9 Ma"$&ga1 C!#a)a!a % R&.u&!a2
R; M/3<;: E" &l (/ .u& ac#$0a la" *" c&!#(al&" 3$*(&l?c#($ca" )6" '#&!#&" *&l P&(-9 Sa!#$ag A!#-!&7 *& Ma%l % R&"#$#uc$+!2 R; U<-747: E" &l (/ "ag(a* *& l" $!ca"2 Pa"a '( Macc3u P$cc3u *!*& ac#$0a u!a c&!#(al 3$*(&l?c#($ca2 Y "& &!cu&!#(a l" '7" *& ga" !a#u(al *& Ca)$"&a2 F()a &l '!g *& Ma%!$.u&2 R; P-3-4;9 E" &l (/ .u& "$(0& *& 4(!#&(a !a#u(al c! Cl),$a2 R; Y< 9 E" &l (/ .u& "$(0& *& 4(!#&(a !a#u(al c! B(a"$l2
J R; N;9 E" &l "&gu!* (/ )6" cau*al" *&l P&(-2 J R; A4;/=9 E" &l (/ )6" cau*al" *&l )u!*2 D&"*& "u ($g&! (&)# 3a"#a "u *&"&),ca*u(a1 #$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& @@ )2 a,a(ca!* #&(($#($" *& P&(- % B(a"$l2 A ($lla" *&l (/ A)a7!a" "& 3a &"#a,l&c$* c$u*a*&" $)'(#a!#&" c) I.u$#"2
>"# LA VERTIENTE HIDROGR(FICA DEL TITICACA E"#6 c!4()a*a '( &l c!8u!# *& (/" .u& *&'"$#a! "u" agua" &! &l Lag T$#$caca1 lcal$7a*a &! la )&"&#a *&l Clla Pu! % &"#6 l$)$#a*a '( la" C(*$ll&(a" Occ$*&!#al % O($&!#al *& l" A!*&" *&l Su( >"1"#CARACTER+STICAS S& lcal$7a &! la )&"&#a *&l Clla % #$&!& u!a &K#&!"$+! *& = @@ )2 F()a u!a cu&!ca c&((a*a &!*((&$ca2 T$&!& "u ($g&! &! la" c(*$ll&(a" Ca(a0a%a % Vlc6!$ca2 T$&!& cu("" *& c(#a l!g$#u*2 S! *& (?g$)&! $((&gula(2 N "! !a0&ga,l&"2 S! #((&!#""2
>"2"# PRINCIPALES R+OS R; H-// P-/;: Nac& &! &l !&0a* *& O.u&c(u7 c! &l !),(& *& (/ Pu#$!a2 T$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& ;; )2
R; R4= P-/;: Nac& &! l" *&"3$&l" *&l N$!acu% % *& A,a!&a c! &l !),(& *& (/ Ca(a,a%a1 #)a!* lu&g &l !),(& *& (/ A76!ga(1 3a"#a u!$("& c! &l (/ A%a0$($2 T$&!& < ) *& l!g$#u* &" &l )6" la(g *&l T$#$caca2 R; C;3 P-/;: Lla)a* a"/ *&"*& la c!4lu&!c$a *&l La)'a % *&l Ca,a!$lla"1 !ac& &! &l !&0a* *& u$lca2 E! "u" ($lla" &"#6 Jul$aca % #$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& ; )2 R; I. P-/;: Nac& &! &l C&(( C!*($.u&!a2 T$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& ; )21 "$&!* &l (/ Hu&!.u& "u c!4lu&!#& )6" $)'(#a!#&2 R; S-.= P-/;: Nac& &! la lagu!a *& Suc3&" % #$&!& u!a l!g$#u* *& ;@ )2 R; D.=@-5.<; P-/;: Nac& &! &l lag T$#$caca % *&"&),ca &! &l lag P'+ Bl$0$a2
>","# IMPORTANCIA DEL LAGO TITICACA R&gula la #&)'&(a#u(a *& la )&"&#a *&l Clla2 Hac& *& la 7!a u!a la (&g$+! g&&c!+)$ca )6" $)'(#a!#&" *&l "u( '&(ua!2 Hac& *& la )&"&#a *&l Clla u! g(a! c&!#( *&)g(64$c2 Al,&(ga u! &!()& '#&!c$al *& (&cu("" $c#$l+g$c"2 E" 0/a *& c)u!$cac$+! )6" a*&cua*a &!#(& P&(- % Bl$0$a2 E" u!a g(a! (&"&(0a acu/4&(a2
CONCLUSIN •
La 3$*(g(a4/a '&(ua!a a,a(ca u! #&(($#($ )u% &K#&!" % &"#6 c)'u&"# '( cu&!ca"2 Ca*a u!a *& la" 0&(#$&!#&" 3$*(g(64$ca" '"&& g(a! ca!#$*a* *& (/" % *$4&(&!#&"
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4u!c$!&" ca*a u!a *& &lla"2 E! &l "&c#( #u(/"#$c la 3$*(g(a4/a &" u! (&cu(" *& "u)a $)'(#a!c$a1 '(.u& "&
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&!cu&!#(a! cu&!ca" *& acc&" 4a0(a,l& 'a(a ll&0a( a ca, *$0&("" *&'(#&" *& a0&!#u(a2 Ta),$?! &!c!#(a)" (/" .u& a%u*a! &! la ag($cul#u(a2 El cu$*a* *& la 3$*(lg/a &! la ac#ual$*a* &"#6 "$&!* )u% $!0&"#$ga* % (&al$7a* '( l" &"'&c$al$"#a"2
BIBLIOGRAFIA
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3##'9QQ2&!'&(u2(gQ'&(u$!4()ac$!g&!&(al3$*(g(a4$a*&l'&(u23#)l 3##'9QQ2"&('&(ua!2c)Qg&g(a4$aQ3$*(g(a4$a*&l'&(uQ 3##'9QQ&"2"l$*&"3a(&2!&#Qlu7$!ga"a!c3&7Q0&(#$&!#&"3$*(g(a4$ca"*&l'&(<@=@ P&(-93$*(g(a4/aLagu/a*&G&g(a4/a3##'9QQg&g(a4$a2lagu$a<2c)Q3$*(g(a4$aQ'&(u 3$*(g(a4$a$K77=M0$g3S 3##'9QQg&g(a4$a2lagu$a<2c)Q3$*(g(a4$aQ'&(u3$*(g(a4$a ;$$&<==&'(>"%;,)-"#*(;-%$('-,.?+(/%&($.&"=2012=05=+,%"'$-"#$"% ;-*'(/',@),%*"+&"'!+,.;$+
