Direct Speech
(El estilo directo)
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra. !emplos" “# am $oin$ to %ondon next &ee',” she said. (“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
“o you hae a pen # could borro&,” he as'ed. (“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas presarme!,” "l pregun#.)
*lice said, “# loe to dance.” ($li%e dijo, “&e en%ana bailar.”) Chris as'ed, “+ould you li'e to hae dinner &i th me tomorro& ni$ht” ('ris pregun#, “¿Te “¿T e gusaría %enar %onmigo maana por la no%e!”)
Reported Speech
(El estilo indirecto)
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita
ser palabra por palabra. n $eneral, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo erbal cambia. * continuaci-n tienes un explicaci-n de los cambios que sufren los tiempos erbales. * eces se usa “ that” en las frases armatias y ne$atias para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. /or otro lado, en las frases interro$atias se puede usar “ if ” o “whether”.
iempo cambian en el estilo Nota: 0en en cuenta tambi1n que las e*presiones de iempo cambian indirecto. 2i!ate en los cambios de tiempo en los e!emplos más aba!o y despu1s, encontrarás una tabla con más explicaciones de los cambios de tiempo en el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Present Simple
“3e is *merican,” she said.
“# am happy to see you,” 5ary said.
Past Simple
4he said he was *merican.
5ary said that she was happy to see me.
3e as'ed, “Are you busyonig ”
Present Continuous
“an is living in 4an 2rancisco,” she said.
3e said, “I’m maing dinner.”
“+hy are you woring so hard” they
3e as'ed me if # was busy a nig .
Past Continuous
4he said an was living in 4an 2rancisco.
3e told me that he was maing dinner.
0hey as'ed me &hy # was woring so
as'ed.
hard.
Past Simple
Past Perfect Simple
“+e went to the moies las nig ,” he said.
6re$ said, “# didn’t go to &or' yeserday .”
“Did you !u" a ne& car” she as'ed.
3e told me they had gone to the moies e nig before.
6re$ said that he hadn’t goneto &or' e day before.
4he as'ed me if # had !ought a ne& car.
Past Continuous
“# was woring late las nig ,” 7ic'i said.
0hey said, “&e weren’t waiting lon$.”
Past Perfect Continuous
7ic'i told me she’d !een woring late e nig before.
0hey said that they hadn’t !een
waiting lon$.
3e as'ed, “were you sleeping&hen #
3e as'ed if I’d !een sleeping&hen he
called”
called.
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
3eather said, “I’ve alreadyeaten.”
3eather told me that she’dalready eaten.
“+e haven’t !een to China,” they said.
“#ave you wored here before” #
0hey said they hadn’t !een to China.
# as'ed her &hether she’d
as'ed.
wored there before.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
“I’ve !een stud"ing n$lish for t&o years,” he said.
4tee said, “we’ve !een datingfor oer a year no&.”
“#ave you !een waitinglon$” they
3e said he’d !een stud"ingn$lish for t&o years.
4tee told me that the"’d !een dating for oer a year.
0hey as'ed &hether I’d !een
as'ed.
waiting lon$.
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple $N% C#AN&E'
“I’d !een to Chica$o before for &or',”
3e said that he’d !een to Chica$o
he said.
before for &or'.
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous $N%C#AN&E'
4he said, “I’d !een dancingfor years before the accident.”
4he said she’d !een dancingfor years before the accident.
Nota" Cuando hablamos de al$o que no ha cambiado (que si$ue siendo cierto) o de al$o en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo erbal.
!emplos"
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old. Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick. “We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are goingto Tokyo next week. “I’ll cut my hair tomorrow,” ina said. → ina said she is c!ttin" her hair tomorrow.
(odal )er!s
(Los verbos modales)
l tiempo erbal cambia en el estilo indirecto tambi1n con al$unos de los erbos modales.
Nota" Con “would”, “could”, “should”, “might” y “ought to”, el tiempo no cambia.
Direct Speech
*ill
“I’ll go to the moiesomorro+,” 8ohn said.
“*ill you help me moe” she as'ed.
Can
ebra said, “*llen can wor omorro+.”
Indirect Speech
*ould
8ohn said he would go to the moies e ne* day .
4he as'ed me if # would helpher moe.
Could
ebra said *llen could wor e ne* day .
“Can you open the &indo&, please”,
3e as'ed me if # could openthe
he as'ed.
&indo&.
(ust
#ad to
“9ou must wear your seat belt,” mom
5y mom said # had to wear my seat
said.
belt.
4he said, “9ou must wor omorro+.”
4he said # had to wor e ne* day .
Shall
Should
“Shall &e go to the beachoday ” 0om
0om as'ed if &e should go to the
as'ed.
beach a day .
“+hat shall &e do onig ” she as'ed.
4he as'ed me &hat &e should do a nig .
(a"
8ane said, “# ma" not !e in class omorro+.”
“(a" # use the bathroom, please”, the boy as'ed.
(ight+Could
8ane said she might not !e in class e ne* day .
0he boy as'ed if he could usethe bathroom.
Nota" * continuaci-n tienes una tabla donde puedes obserar los cambios que sufren las expresiones de tiempo cuando usamos el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
today
that day
toni"ht
that ni"ht
this week#month#year
that week#month#year
tomorrow
the next day
next week#month#year
the following week#month#year
yesterday
the day $e%ore or the &revio!s day
last week#month#year
the week#month year before or the previous week#month#year
now
then#at that moment
Otros cambios
here
there