MODULO 3 EKT UFPS Students’ guide ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.) Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10 N°
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
17
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
HS/C
∑/H
40 41 43 46 47 49 51 54 58 60
OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
FINAL TEST
2 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 2
ADJECTIVES
2
40
OK
THIRD PART - CONTENTS
ADJECTIVES ADVERBS CONJUNCTIONS PREPOSITIONS DO/MAKE MODAL VERBS CONDITIONAL PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS) VOCABULARIES
17A. COMPARISONS Cali is a beautiful Colombian city. Medellin is larger than Cali Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia Barranquilla is as large as Medellin Bucaramanga is a commercial city Medellin is more commercial than Bucaramanga Bogotá is the most commercial city of them all. Medellin is beautiful Cali is as beautiful as Medellin Barranquilla isn’t as beautiful as Cali. Cali isn’t so cool as Medellin. It’s [………] good bad little far much many
It’s […….…] than better worse less farther more more
It’s the [……….] Best Worst least farthest most most
good/well - bueno, bien bad/badly - mal much/many - mucho/muchos little - poco far - lejos
better - mejor worse - peor more - más less - menos farther/further - más lejos
17B. ADJECTIVE FORMATION: agreeable disagreeable similar dissimilar afraid unafraid clear unclear fair unfair healthy unhealthy direct indirect complete incomplete existent nonexistent
political nonpolitical faithful unfaithful continuous discontinuous active inactive natural unnatural perfect imperfect selfish unselfish educational noneducational fortunate unfortunate
(the) best - el mejor (the) worst - el peor (the) most - el/los más (the) least - el menos (the) farthest/furthest - el más lejano
They seemed to be (...)
eventful uneventful formal informal respectful disrespectful pure impure wealthy unwealthy friendly unfriendly beautiful worthless dangerous accidental basic childish
different pleasant comfortable sensible active imaginative crowded surprising wonderful marvelous ordinary easy hard complicated good nice salty hot
17C. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE afraid bad big black blind blue bright broad brown busy certain clean clear cold cool dark dear deep different
fair famous fat first five foreing four fresh full gentle glad good great green happy hard heavy high hot
little long loud low mad middle necessary nervous new nice old one pleasant poor possible pretty probable proud public
rich sad safe second seven short sick simple single six slow small soft sorry special straight strange strong sweet
three twelve twenty two warm weak white wide wild wise worth wrong yellow young next sure half important forward
direct distant double easy eight electric
humble hungry ill kind large left
pure quick quiet ready real red
talk tall ten thick thin third
human dead due equal past perfect
17D. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Awake – despierto Beautiful – hermoso Big - grande Bitter - amargo Black - negro Careful - cuidadoso Dark - oscuro Dead - muerto Deep - profundo Difficult - difícil Dirty - sucio Drunk - borracho Expensive - caro Far - lejano New - nuevo On - encendido Past - pasado Polite - cortés, atento Rich - rico Right - derecho Right - correcto Rough - áspero Safe - seguro Same - mismo Fast - rápido
Asleep - dormido Ugly - feo Small - pequeño Sweet - dulce White - blanco Careless - descuidado Light - claro Alive - vivo Shallow - superficial Easy - fácil Clean - limpio Sober - sobrio Cheap - barato Near - cercano Old - viejo Off - apagado Future - futuro Rude - grosero Poor - pobre Left - izquierdo Wrong - equivocado Smooth - suave, liso Dangerous - peligroso Different - diferente Slow - lento
Fat - gordo Full - lleno Glad - contento Good - bueno Happy - feliz Hard - duro Healthy - saludable Heavy - pesado High - alto Hot - caliente Interesting - interesante Late - tarde Long - largo Simple - simple Single - soltero Straight - derecho Strong - fuerte Tall - alto Thick - grueso True - verdadero Useful - útil Warm - cálido Wet - mojado Wide - ancho Young - joven
Thin - flaco Empty - vacío Sad - triste Bad - malo Sorry - apenado Soft - blando Sick - enfermo Light - liviano Low - bajo Cold - frío Boring - aburrido Early - temprano Short - corto Complex - complejo Married - casado Crooked - torcido Weak - débil Short - bajo Thin - delgado False - falso Useless - inútil Cool - fresco Dry - seco Narrow - angosto Old - viejo
18
ADVERBS COMMON ENGLISH ADVERBS
1
41
OK
He’s working [.............] Place:
here, there, near, far, far from, inside, out, out of, up, down, ahead, in back of, over, under, behind
Time:
I work [...]
I worked [...]
I will work[...]
I’m working[...]
today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, last night, now, before, after, then late, early, soon, always, never, seldom, rarely, frequently, usually, ever, sometimes, often, recently, already, yet, every month, every week, every year, last month, next week, next time, now and then, in an hour, every other day. Mood
He works [...] He worked [...]
He will work [...]
He’s working [...]
well, badly, better, slowly, promptly, correctly, gladly, foolishly, weekly, monthly, perfectly, sadly, softly, suddenly, plainly, happily, formally, daily, instantly, yearly Quantity
How much paper did you buy?
How many papers did you buy?
much, a little, a few, more, less, enough, nothing, some everything, something, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty, a great deal. Order
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, successively, respectively, lately, (the) former, (the) latter
ninth,
tenth,
yes, also, certainly, sure, surely, effectively, no, nor, clearly, neither, either, never, maybe, perhaps
18B. STRUCTURE OF ADVERBS IN ENGLISH bad, badly/ quick, quickly/ luxurious, luxuriously/ public, publicly/ faithful, faithfully/ cheap, cheaply/ easy, easily/ true, truly/ sad, sadly/ probable, probably/ honest, honestly/ happy, happily/ nice, nicely/ beautiful, beautifully/ changeable, changeably/ perfect, perfectly/
19
CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER FUNCTION WORDS
2
19. CONJUNCTIONS and but for or nor so yet
They were drinking and laughing. He likes to do everything but study. He went there for he was thirsty. Would you like to speak about Lucy or Fanny? I’d neither speak about Lucy nor Fanny. He didn’t call me up, so I called him up. We haven’t finished our study yet.
43
OK
the a an my your his her its our their this that these those each every no both some any all many much few several either neither more most
19B. DETERMINANTS These are the basic function words in English. This is a very important exercise. That is an interesting practice. Those are my university books. Where’s your teacher’s signature? Which are his technical works? Why is her decision unimportant? When is its library open? How are our letters delivered? How long are their kids going to be here) This experiment is very hard. Which structure shows that engineer? Did you plan these operations? Could you attend those organizations? Would each one produce a larger amount? Does every company build up a bridge? We have no time to lose. Have both subjects been studied? Some people do not like to take trips. Should any technician be invited to the forum? All of them like to investigate in their field Many electricians work in the country. Do you eat much food at night? Very few people go to the university in Colombia. Several nurses teach special programs in Cúcuta. Don’t forget to take either this map or the other. Neither this lawyer nor the other were right. Shall we need more experiments? Most people lose lots of time doing nothing. 19C. INTENSIFIERS
very quite somewhat rather pretty mighty little so too more most less least enough
It is very important that you know yourself. We were quite tired after such a work. It is somewhat difficult to be used. It is rather easy to learn a language. It could be pretty well understood. They were mighty important for everyone. Do you feel a little better now? They have so little time to study that subject. Life in Cúcuta is too expensive. We have to get more money for living. It is the most beautiful place in the world. Indians and farmers shouldn’t be less important. Tallness is the least important thing. This climate is good enough for living things.
19D. SUBORDINATES After although as As if because before how if provided since than that though until what when whenever where which whereas whichever while who whoever whom whose
You shouldn’t play after lunch. He came although he didn’t want to. Does every man speak as he thinks? Some people pretend to live as if they were rich. You are here because you want to succeed. You have to get money before you plan to go. Do you know how to speak in French? Would you travel if you had money? You will get a degree provided you pass the test. He hadn’t studied English since he was sixteen. It is bigger than you think. The books that he bought weren’t new. He got the money, though he didn’t work for it. Do not leave until you are told to. It wasn’t what I told you to do. They were reading when she arrived. You can drive it whenever you wish to. There is where it was done. This is the university which he preferred. He’s responsible, whereas his sister isn’t. Select the car whichever you like best. I was flying while they were sailing. That is the man who plays the guitar. It isn’t true whoever said so. Those are for whom he was working. That is the boy whose father won a lottery.
19E. SENTENCE CONNECTORS therefore accordingly also at least besides consequently for example furthermore hence however indeed in addition in fact moreover nevertheless then thus
They went to the movies; therefore, John couldn’t see them. It was locked. They, accordingly, with it left at once. Gasoline was increased. They also increased all other prices. It’s difficult to be obtained. At least we must get one. He doesn’t come on time, besides, he forgets everything. He was a bad employee, consequently, he was fired. It is easy to be understood if, for example, you speak slowly. They couldn’t paint the wall and, furthermore, they shouldn’t. The computer was out of order; hence, the answers were wrong. He was a tennis player; however, he couldn’t play table tennis. They were in the farm, indeed, they forced to work there They lost a lot of money, in addition to it, there was an accident. They were published. They were, in fact, very good. She is a fast typist, moreover, she is diligent. The tests were given; nevertheless, nobody answered them. They were stated, and then they could take right decisions. It was settled so, thus, no one can change it.
19F. INTERROGATIVE WORDS what where when why How which whose who(m) who
What is the importance of the university? Where was the meeting taking place? When is the party going to be over? Why would you like to go there? How could you do it again? Which career do you like best? Whose house are you going to buy? Who(m) did you visit yesterday? Who visited you?
20
PREPOSITIONS
3
46
about above across after against along among around at
Acerca de Por encima de A través de Después de Contra A lo largo de En medio de Alrededor de En
This guide is about English structures. The university is above high school. We walked across the International Bridge. Study one word after another. Prepare yourself against any adversity. Be yourself along your pass over this planet There are many thinkers among Colombians Let’s take a trip around our country. We are at the university.
before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond by despite down during for from in inside into like near of off on
Antes Detrás de Por debajo de Por debajo de Al lado de Además de Entre Más allá de Por A pesar de Abajo Durante Por, para De, desde En, dentro de Dentro de Dentro de Como Cerca de De Fuera En
Make plans before you start anything. You can’t stay behind others, go ahead. The temperature in Cúcuta isn’t below 30°C. Your words must not be beneath your thought. The Erasmos Meoz Hospital is beside the I.S.S. Did you study another career besides this one? La Don Juana is between Cúcuta and Pamplona Is the moon beyond man’s reach now? Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. You will learn English despite its problems. Let’s go down the river. Have a break during your work You should be learning for yourself Where are you from? Business used to be the main occupation here. Have you ever been inside a theater for plays? Change your sorrows into happiness by working Life is like a chess game, isn’t it? There is a hospital near U.F.P.S. We all are part of the education system. In december you are off your studies and work. St. Joseph Cathedral is on fifth avenue.
OK
onto over since through throughout till-until toward under up upon with within without
Sobre Por encima de Desde A través de En todo Hasta Hacia Debajo de Arriva Sobre Con Dentro de sin
21
The seed were spread onto the dessert. Jets fly over this beautiful city Cúcuta. U.F.P.S. has been functioning since 1962. UFPS has grown through the work of people. It is well known throughout the country. Read carefully till (until) you understand. You are going toward a better future. Your percentage can’t be under 64% Climb up any stairs, step by step. Don’t climb upon the clouds of your dreams. Do you live in peace with yourself? San Antonio is within 10 kms from Cúcuta. You cannot go ahead without others.
DO/MAKE
1
47
OK
21A. DO/MAKE Mrs. Jones is a housewife - La señora Jones es una ama de casa She has to do the housework
She has to make the beds
She has to do the cooking
She has to make breakfast
She has to do the washing up
She has to make lunch
She has to do the washing/the laundry
She has to make dinner
She has to do the shopping
She has to make coffee/tea
She has to do the ironing
She has to make a cake
She has to do the dusting
She has to make sure that the house is in order
Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa Ella tiene que cocinar
Ella tiene que fregar los platos
Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia Ella tiene que hacer las compras Ella tiene que planchar la ropa
Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas
Ella tiene que hacer las camas Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo Ella tiene que hacer la cena Ella tiene que hacer café/té
Ella tiene que hacer un torta Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa esté en orden
21B. DO/MAKE Mr. Jones is a businessman - El señor Jones es un empresario He is doing business with important companies
He would like to make a long trip/journey
He is doing well in his job
His employees make fun of him
He does his best to improve his company
He has to make a speech for a meeting
He is making a lot of money
His secretary makes appointments for him
He is making a fortune
She also makes telephone calls and reservations
He doesn't like to make mistakes
He says that his employees make trouble
Él está haciendo negocios con firmas importantes Va bien en su trabajo
Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresa Está haciendo un montón de dinero Está haciendo una fortuna
Le gustaría hacer un largo viaje Sus empleados se burlan de él
Tiene que hacer un discurso para una reunión Su secretaria arregla citas para él
También hace llamadas telefónicas y reservas
No le gusta equivocarse
l dice que sus empleados causan problemas
Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes wrong
He also says that women make a lot of noise
He rarely makes jokes
He often makes a fool of himself
He doesn't have much time to make friends
He makes use of his authority to threaten people
He is making an effort to increase sales
Some of his decisions don't make sense
También dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido
Algunas veces arma un lío cuando algo sale mal Casi nunca hace chistes
A menudo se pone en ridículo
No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos
Está haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventas
Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido
21C DO/MAKE other examples John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well)
John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area
El huracán causó mucho daño en la zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief
El policía estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrestó al ladrón Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party
Mary se peinó, se maquilló y salió para la fiesta "Can you do me a favor ?" - ¿Me puedes hacer un favor? "I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"
Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car
El hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigió a la universidad Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculpó y se marchó "What are you doing here?" - ¿Qué estás haciendo aquí? 22
MODAL VERBS (helping verbs with another verb)
MODALS (A) USO Expresar habilidad
Pedir y dar Permiso
Preguntar Expresar Necesidad
Ejemplos
She can read in French She could read when she was four She was able to read French stories Can I go out, teacher? Could you turn on the T.V.? You may leave now Can you erase the board, please? Could you erase the board, please? You have to go to bed now You have got to go to bed now.
2
49
Traducción y explicación Ella lee en Francés Ella sabía leer cuando tenía cuatro años Ella podía leer cuentos en Francés Puedo salir, profe? (Uso común) Puedes encender la T.V? (Uso popular) Puedes salir ahora. (Uso popular) Puede borrar el tablero (Poco cortés) Podrías borrar el tablero (Más cortés) Debes irte a dormir Tienes que irte a dormir
OK
Tuvo que acostarse temprano Debes acostarte ya Debes apresurarte o llegarás tarde (con poder sobre otro=must) No tienes que irte sino hasta las 8:00 Ella no tuvo que escribir cartas.
He had to go to bed early You must go to bed now You must run or you’ll be late Expresar carencia Dar consejo
Dar Ordenes
Expresar certidumbre E imposibilidad
Hablando del Futuro
Expresar Posibilidad Hablar del pasado
MODALS (B) Can Could May Might Shall Must Have to Are to Should Ought to
You don’t have to leave until 8:00 She didn’t have to write letters You should study every day. You ought to study every day He shouldn’t have brought that He ought not to have brought that.
Deberías estudiar todos los días Tu tienes que estudiar todos los días. El no debería haber traído eso. El no tenía que haber traído eso. (Se usan para acciones (in/correctas)
No debes fumar tanto. Debes cuidar tu salud. No debes estar afuera. Debes estar aquí
You mustn’t smoke so much. You must take care of your health You are not to be out You are to be here He has played all day. He must be tired He has not played . He can’t be tired. She is not at school. She must have gone home. It will rain tonight. I shall invite you when we have made some money It may rain tonight It might rain tonight I used to play pebbles when I was a boy. We would rarely stay out at night
(not) --- (n’t) He can not speak German He can’t speak German I couldn’t swim when I was a little girl You may not go to the river today. We might not be at home
El ha jugado todo el día. Debe estar cansado. El no ha jugado. No puede estar cansado. Ella no esta en el colegio. Debe haberse ido a casa. Must y can’t son opuestos en significado. Lloverá esta anoche. Te invitaré cuando hayamos ganado más dinero. (Will es más común que shall. Shall es usado familiarmente solo con (I y WE) Puede que llueva esta noche. (+) Podría llover esta noche. (-) Yo jugaba canicas cuando era niño. Rara vez estaríamos afuera de noche
Preguntas
Describiendo lo que alguien dijo
Can he speak German?
He said he could speak German
Could you swim When you were a little girl? May I go to the river?
She said she could swim when she was a little girl I said you may not go
Where might they be?
They said they might stay at the hotel.
We shall not work on Saturday They must not walk
Shall we go to work on Saturday? Must they walk now?
He said we should go to the park on Saturday. She said they must walk now.
You don’t have to study
Do you have to study?
I said you have to study
You aren’t to leave your work He should visit the doctor
Are you to leave your work? Should he visit the doctor?
He said they were to leave th eir work I said you should visit the doctor.
You ought not to teach
Ought you to teach there?
They said you ought to teach there
Will Used to Would
23
there. It won’t be a sunny day
Will it a sunny day?
I said it wouldn’t be a sunny day
I didn’t use to smoke at the office I would not come back tomorrow
Did you use to smoke at the office? Would you come back tomorrow?
She said she used to smoke at home.
CONDITIONAL
He said I wouldn’t come back tomorrow
2
51
OK
Type I Present If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes
Will / can / may / must + V1 Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tarde Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada
Type II Past If I were in Brazil, I would go to Río de Janeiro If I were you, I would buy that car If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this If I had more money, I would buy a nice appartment
Would / could / might + V1 Si yo estuviese en Brasil, iría a Río de Janeiro Si yo fuera vos, compraría ese auto Si él estuviese en mi lugar, no haría esto Si yo tuviese más dinero, me compraría un lindo apartamento
Type III Past Perfect If I had seen him, I would have told him about you If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time
Would / could / might + have V3 Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de ti Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi mano Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto
Habitual Present If I have time, I usually go to the movies If she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy If they come here, they always bring a present If she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent
Present Si tengo tiempo, generalmente voy al cine Si ella come hamburguesas, le da alergia. Si ellos vienen aquí, siempre traen un re galo Si ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio
Imperative Present If they are busy, don't disturb them If it is raining, please bring me my umbrella If she phones, don't tell her I was here If you don't want to go, don't go
Imperative Si ellos están ocupados, no los molestes Si está lloviendo, por favor, traéme mi paraguas Si ella llama, no le digas que e stuve aquí Si no querés ir, no vayas
Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían llegado a tiempo
24
PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS)
3
54
24A. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change) Above all As to As usual As yet At all At first At last At least At once At times Be up Be used up Blow up Break down Break off Bring about Bring out Call for Call off Call up Check up Come about Come away Come back Come in Come on Cross out Cut off Cut out Do over Fall through Find out For good Get along Get back
por encima de todo con respecto a como de costumbre todavía del todo al comienzo al final por lo menos inmediatamente a veces hallarse estar desgastado explotar romper interrumpir ocurrir producir solicitar cancelar telefonear revisar ocurrir desprenderse regresr siga vamos tachar cortar eliminar hacer fracasar hallar para siempre llevarsela bien regresar
Get in Get lost Get off Get on Get out Get over Get ready Get rid of Get through Get together Get up Get used to Give away Give in Give out Give place Give up Go on Go wrong Hand in Have got Have in hand Have on Right away I had a suit made. I have a suit made. I have to go In a hurry In time
It’s cold. It’s early It’s hot. It’s late. It’s one o’clock It’s up to you
entrar perderse bajarse de (bus) subirse a (bus) salir terminar estar listo deshacerse terminar reunirse levantarse soler regalar ceder repartir dar lugar darse por vencido continuar equivocarse entregar conseguir tener a mano tener inmediatament tenia un traje tengo un traje tengo que ir de prisa a tiempo hace frio es temprano hace calor es tarde la una en punto depende de ud.
OK
24B. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change) Keep back Keep in mind Keep on Keep out Keep out of Look for Look into Look over Look up Make clear Make good Make out Make up Make up your mind Mix up Now and again Now and then Off and on On purpose On the whole On time Once in a while Out of order Over and over Pick out Pick up Point out Put away Put off Put off Put on Put out Put together Put up Quite a few Wear out
retener tener en mente seguir mantenerse afuera prohibir entrada buscar examinar revisar mejorar aclarar cumplir distiinguir hacer haga su voluntad mesclar una y otra vez de vez en cuando de vez en cuando a propósito del todo a tiempo de vez en cuando fuera de uso una y otra vez seleccionar recoger señalar botar cancelar apagar ponerse apagar reunir terminar unos pocos desgastar
inmediatamente See about ver Set forth exponer So far hasta la presente Take a walk caminar Take advantage tomar ventaja Take after parecerse a Take apart separar Take care of cuidar Take off quitarse Take on asumir Take out sacar Take over ocupar Take part participar Take part in participar Take place tener lugar Take turns turnarse Take up tomar Take up with llevarsela con Talk over discutir There are hay There is hay There was había There were había Throw away botar Throw out sacar Time is over se acabo el tiempo Time is up se acabo el tiempo To be (x) years old. tener (x) años To be angry. estar enojado To be hungry tener hambre To be over acabar To be thirsty tener sed Try on probarse Turn off apagar Up to date hasta la presente Right away
24C. (TEXTS) USING SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change)
he use of phrasal verbs (or idioms) (or two or more word verbs) is above all a very common way of expressing in English. The idioms have different meanins. You can say “Please take off your hat” or “The plane can’t take off because of the rain”. In the first case it referes to uncover the head and the second one about a plane that can’t start its flight. At first it is a little difficult but with at least a couple of hours of practice you will be ready to use them properly. I think you are getting ready for this practice. I advice you not to break down your studies easily. If you give up you won’t learn a lot. Don’t be afraid of going wrong, nobody is perfect. If you have a list of words or sentences for study you can cross out those you are understanding. Any how it’s up to you to learn. You got to get along well with your mates. You have to be in time for your practices. Don’t say it’s too hot or it’s too cold for not doing what you should do. Keep in mind the
importance of getting the knowledges in grammar competences. If there are words you don´t know you better look for them in a good dictionary. You can make up many things if you have the decision for it. Make up your mind but don’t offend any one. Remember that your rights end where those of your neighbor begins. On purpose, you should practice more hours at home by yourself, take part in the role of playing dramas with your classmates and friends. You should take up with every one, that is a good rule of politeness. P oint out the significance of knowing a second language. Don’t put out the flame of you interest, put on the suit of hard work. What things do you do in a common day? You wake up at five in the morning, then yo get up and go to take a shower. You brush your teeth, and then you get dressed. Go down the stairs to the dining room and have breakfast in a hurry because you´ re late and have to get on a bus to go to your work. Near your office you get off the bus and walk in a hurry to your office. There you sit down at your desk and jot down the objectives of the day. You call up your secretay and ask her to digit some letters and have them sent by mail as soon as possible. You are working hard the entire morning and by midday you are to come back home for eating and resting. You get home and take off your clothes, watch news on T.V. and go to the dining room for having lunch. Before two in the afternoon you go back to your work to finish the journey. At the office you pick up the correspondence and read it all. Put apart the important ones and throw away the others. By five in the afternoon you have a break and go to the self-service restaurant for having some tea or cold drink. Buy the newspaper and read the profit-making news bulletin. It doesn't matter by if you haven’t understood yet this practice. Never mind, you will be able to get it. Of course! You have to work hard or you are wrong with your decitions. Don’t forget to check in and out your activities in the schedule. You are heading for abetter comprehension of this language. Do you mind if I open up your spirit for working? If you don't care for any of these experiences you won´t go ahead. Hold on! Don't hang up the interest of your imagination. If you've got a terrible headache you should have a break and have a pill.
25
VOCABULARIES
3
58
OK
25A. GENERAL VOCABULARY BRUSH UP (1a) CARDINAL NUMBERS:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty; twenty one, twenty two, twenty three, twenty four, twenty five, twenty six, twenty seven, twenty eight, twenty nine, thirty: Ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, [one] hundred; [one] thousand; [one] hundred thousand; [one] million ORDINAL NUMBERS: first, second, third,
four th, fif th, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth; twenty first, twenty second, twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty seventh, twenty eighth, twenty ninth, thirtieth; Tenth, twentieth, thirties, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, [one] hundredth; [one] thousandth, [one] millionth, TIME: Clock, hour hand, minute hand, face, watch, o’clock, 9 to 10 , nine five, five past nine; Morning, afternoon, midday, midnight, night, quarter, half, noon, [3:45] what time is it? (It’s three forty five) (It’s a quarter to four) Now, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, last month, next year, last weekend, on Sunday, in the winter, in December, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow; Frequency: ever, never, always,
seldom, rarely, usually; Weather: (Freezing, cold, temperate, hot); winter, autumn, spring, summer PLACES:
at home, in the office, at the restaurant, at the hotel, in the hospital, in the garage, at the university, at the drugstore, in the supermarket, at the mall, in the church, at the cinema, at the theater, in the parking place, at the bus station, at the airport, at the bus terminal, downtown, in the swimming pool, in the river, in the library, in the room, in the classroom, in the school coliseum, in the kitchen, in the living room, in the bathroom, in the bedroom, in the yard, in the patio, in the kitchen, on the street, in the avenue, in the park. CALENDAR : Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday Months; January, February, March, June, July, August, September, October, November, December; Holidays :
1st of May (Labor day), 25 th of December (Christmas day), 1 st of November (All saints day), 20 th of July (Independence day), 12 th of October (Discovery of America), 7 th of August (Boyaca’s battle), 6th of January (Kings day), April (Holly week) SHAPES:
Cube, square, triangle, rectangle, circle, oval, ellipse, cylinder sphere, Long, depth, height, side, width, length, diagonal, circumference, diameter, radius, parallel, spiral, perpendicular, hypotenuse, MONEY: Dollar, dime, quarter, cent, penny, nickel, traveler’s check, money order, credit card, debit card,
teller, bank, bank vault, deposit, cash machine, withdrawal slip; euro, dollar. GEOGRAPHY DESCRIPTIONS :
Forest, lake, meadow, mountain, valley, waterfall, rapids, hill, field, stream, pond, plateau, cliff, canyon, river, dam, desert, dune, jungle, seashore, bay, ocean, island, road, street, avenue, diagonal, gulf, map, globe, atlas, state, city, town, village, peak, snow crested, oasis, sea, ocean, POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY :
America, south America, Europe, north America, Asia, Africa, England, United States, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Canada, Japan, China, India,
WORKERS, ARTISTS, AND PROFESSIONALS: Actor, actress, artist, model, painter, cartoonist, pianist, singer, Architect, computer programmer, lawyer, accountant, pilot, teacher, translator, Pharmacist, veterinarian, scientist, doctor, pediatrician, nurse, dentist, journalist,
Assembler, baker, barber, bookkeeper, bricklayer,
bus driver, butcher, carpenter, cashier, chef, cook, construction worker, messenger, custodian,
data
processor, delivery person, electrician, farmer, firefighter, fireman, fisherman, foreman, gardener, mechanic, newscaster, photographer, plumber, police officer, real estate agent, receptionist, repairman, salesman, seamstress, secretary, security guard, clerk, tailor, taxi driver, travel agent, waiter, welder, car dealer, typist, hunter, window washer, sanitation worker, truck driver, welder, florist, secretary, teller, hairdresser, barber, tailor, customer, shopper, cashier, cash register
EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL STATES : Tired, sleepy, exhausted, active, hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, full, sick, ill, happy, sad, unhappy, pleased, displeased, disappointed, upset, annoyed, frustrated, angry, mad furious, disgusted, surprised, shocked, nervous, worried, scared, afraid, bored,
proud, embarrassed, ashamed,
jealous, confused, miserable, determined, shy, suspicious, introverted, extroverted,
RELATIVES (family): Great grand father (mother), grand father(mother), father, mother, brother, grand (children/son/daughter/),
sister,
uncle,
aunt,
son,
daughter,
cousin,
nephew,
husband,
wife,
father/mother/son/daughter-in-law
THE BODY: Face, hair, eye, ear, nose, mouth, lip, chin, chest, stomach, arm, forearm, writs, hand, finger, thumb, nail, leg, thigh, knee, shin, foot, toe, head, neck, back, shoulder, upper arm, elbow, waist, hip, buttocks, palm calf, ankle, heel, forehead, temple, eyebrow eyelid, eyelash, pupil cheek,. Mustache, tooth, beard, tongue, brain, artery, vein, t hroat, lung, heart, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, tis sue, bone
SUPERMARKET: Check-out area, , checkbook, groceries, packer, bag, sack, frozen (vegetables-dinner, juicemeat-chicken), yogurt, cheese, eggs, margarine, butter, milk, canned goods,
bacon, roast, pork chops,
chicken, roaster, ground meat, steak, lamb chops, fish, shrimp, bread, cereal cookies, crackers, macaroni, rice, peas; Steak, baked potatoes, roast beef, stuffed tomatoes, pork chops, spaghettis, meatballs, roast chicken, baked beans, hero sandwich, roast beef sandwich, pizza, fried squid, fried chicken, potato chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, popcorn, peanuts, candy bar, chewing gum donut, milk shake, hamburger, hot dog, French fries, onion rings, mustard, ketchup relish, pickles; (Tomato-orange-papaya-custard apple-strawberries-pineapplecucumber-watermelon)juice;
Apple, pear, grapes, kiwis, mango, coconuts, avocado, banana, nectarines,
plums, cherries, apricots, lemons, limes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, papayas, peaches, strawberries, raspberries, watermelon, custard apple, pineapple, peaches, apple pie, chocolate cake, ice cream, jelly; Lettuce, green onions, radish, watercress, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, (yellow-green-red) pepper, potatoes, (red-pearl) onions, cauliflower, spinach, garlic, (green-string) beans, eggplants, asparagus, broccoli, ginger, cabbage; Coffee, Chocolate, tea, milk, juice, soft drink, soda, lemonade, beer, whisky, syrup, water
ADJECTIVES: Afraid, bad, big, black, blind, blue, bright, broad, brown, busy, certain, clean, clear, cold, cool, dark, dear, deep, different, direct, distant, double, easy, eight, electric, fair, famous, fat, first, five, foreign, four, fresh, full, gentle, glad, good, great, green, happy, hard, heavy, height, high, hot, humble, hungry, ill, kind, large, left, little, long, loud, low, mad, middle, necessary, nervous, new, nice, old, one, pleasant, poor, possible, pretty, probable, proud, public, pure, quick, quiet, ready, real, red, rich, sad, safe, second, seven, short, sick, simple, single, six, slow, small, soft, sorry, special, straight, strange, strong, sweet, talk, tall, ten, thick, thin, third, three, twelve, twenty, two, warm, weak, white, wide, wild, wise, worth, wrong, yellow, young, next, sure, half, important, forward, human, dead, due, equal, past, perfect
NOUNS: Account, age, air, amount, anger, animal, apple, arm, army, art, article, baby, bag, ball, bandit, bank, basket, battle, bay, bean, bear, beauty, bed, bell, bill, bird, bit, blood, board, boat, body, bone, book, bottom, box, boy, branch, bread, bridge, brother, bug, building, bus, business, butter, cake, captain, car, case, cent, center, century, chain, chair, chance, Character, chief, child, children, church, circle, city, class, clock, cloth, clothes, cloud, club, coal, coat, college, color, command, company, condition, corn, corner, country, course, cup, daughter, day, deal, decision, degree, dinner, doctor, dog, dollar, door, duty, ear, earth, east, edge, effort, egg, enemy, evening, experience, eye, face, fact, fall, family, farm, father, favor, feet, fellow, fence, field, finger, floor, flower, food, fool, foot, force, forest, friend, front, fruit, future, game, garden, gate, general, gentlemen, gift, girl, glass, god, good-bye, grain, grave, gravy, group, gun, hair, hall, hat, head, health, heart, heaven, hill, history, hole, home, honor, horse, hour, house, hundred, husband, ice, idea, inch, income, industry, interest, iron, island, job, journey, joy, king, kiss, kitchen, knee, lady, lake, land, law, leg, length, letter, life, line, lip, lord, loss, lot, machine, mail, man, manner, march, market, master, material, matter, measure, meat, meeting, member, men, method, mile, milk, mill, million, mind, minute, modern, moment, money, month, moon, morning, mother, mountain, mouth, Mr., Mrs., mud, music, name, nation, nature, neck, neighbor, news, night, nine, noise, noon, north, nose, note, number, object, ocean, office, oil, opinion, order, page, pain, pair, paper, part, party, peace, people, period, person, picture, piece, plain, pleasure, point, position, post, president, price, problem, purpose, quarter, queen, question, race, reason, result, rifle, rim, river, road, rock, room, rose, round, row, salt, scene, school, sea, season, seat, seed, sense, service, shade, shape, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, shore, shot, shoulder, side, sight, sign, silver, sister, size, skin, sky, soil, soldier, son, song, soul, south, space, spirit, spot, square, St., star, station, stock, stone, storm, story, stream, street, strength, sugar, suit, summer, sun, system, table, tail, taste, thing, thousand, time, top, town, trade, train, tree, trip, trouble, true, trust, uncle, valley, value, view, village, voice, wagon, wall, war, water, way, weather, week, weight, west, wheat, wheel, wife, wind, window, wing, winter, woman, women, wood, word, world, yard, year, care, fancy, fine, today, tomorrow, yesterday, self, cause, change, charge, cook, date, delight, demand, desire, device, doubt, dream, dress, dust, end, fear, fight, figure, fish, fly, hand, heat, hope, join, judge, lie, light, list, mark, miss, need, notice, pass, place, plan, plant, power, pray, present, press, rain, rule, shout, show, sort, sound, spring, state, step, store, strike, subject, success, supply, surprise, tie, travel, visit, wave.
ADVERBS: able, almost, already, also, always, away, beat, best, better, ear ly, especially, fast, likel y, lonely, often, once, only, perhaps, soon, alone, ever, never, always, rarely, seldom, usually, frequently, late, well, bad, happily, sadly, honestly, proudly, proper ly
VERBS: abort, accept, act, add, admit, advance, agree, allow, am, answer, appear, are, arrive, ask, attempt, be, became, become, been, began, begin, being, believe, belong, bless, blow, born, break, breath, bring, broken, brought, build, built, burn, buy, call, came, can, can’t, carry, catch, caught, choose, come, complete, consider, contain, continue, cost, could, cut, dance, dare, decide, declare, destroy, did, die, discover, divide, do , does, done, dry, eat, enjoy, enter, escape, expect, explain, express, fail, feed, feel, fell, fill, find, finish, fix, follow, forget, found, free, gain, gather, gave, get, give, given, go, gone, got, govern, grew, ground, grow, guard, guess, had, hang, happen, has, have, hear, heard, held, hold, hunt, hurry, hurt, include, is, jump, keep, kept, kill, knew, know, known, laugh, lay, lead, learn, lease, leave, led, let, listen, live, look, lose, lost, made, make, marry, may, mean, meet, met, might, move, pick, prepare, prove, pull, put, raise, ran, reach, read, realize, receive, remain, remember, reply, require, roll, run, rush, sat, save, saw, say, see, seek, seem, seen, sell, send, sent, separate, serve, set, settle, shake, shall, share, shine, should, sing, sit, sleep, sold, speak, spend, spoke, spread, start, stick, stood, stop, suffer, suppose, take, taken, teach, tear, tell, thank, think, threw, throw, told, took, try, understand, vary, wait, walk, want, was, wash, watch, wear, went, were, will, won’t, wonder, would, write, pay, close, please, control, count, cover, cross, crowd, cry, drink, drive, drop, felt, fire, firm, fit, form, guide, help, hit, increase, lift, love, must, offer, open, ought, paint, play, produce, promise, report, rest, return, rise, sail, smile, smoke, snow, stand, stay, study, thought, touch, turn, use, wish, work
FUNCTION WORDS: a, about, above, according to, across, after, again, against, ago, all, along, although, among, an, and, another, any, around, as, at, back, because, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, both, but, by, down, during, each, either, else, enough, even,. Ever, every, few, from, further, he, her, here, him, his, how, however, I, if, in, indeed, instead, into, it, its, just, last, late, least, less, many, e, mine, more, most, much, my, near, neither, never, no, none, nor, not, nothing, now, oh, or, other, our, quite, rather, same, several, she, since, so, some, still, such, sudden, than, that, the, their, them, then, there, therefore, these, they, this, those, though, through, till, together, too, toward, until, us, usual, very, we, what, when, where, whether, which, while, who, whole, whom, whose, why, with, within, without, you, your, far, well, yes, yet, hello, except, for, of, off, on, out, outside, over, to, under, up, upon, own,
PRONOUNS: I, you, he she, it, we, you, they; me, you, him her, it, us, you, them; mine, yours, his hers, Its, ours, yours, theirs; myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [a]
English Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Good night Good bye So long! Hi (Hello)! How are you? How are you doing? I am well (fine), thank you Where are you from? What do you do? Do you speak Spanish? What's your name? It doesn't matter Never mind Congratulations! May I introduce myself? Thank you. -You are welcome Excuse me, please I am sorry Really? Of course! Sure That's too bad What happened? What does that mean? You are right You are wrong I guess so I don't think so I want a one-way (round-trip) ticket to Dallas I would like to reserve a flight for Chicago When should I confim the flight ? Is it a direct flight? Is there a stopover? When does the plane leave (arrive)? Do I have to change planes? How long before the flight must I check in? To the airport, please Which gate must I go to? What's my flight number? Is the plane delayed (on time)? Look at the timetable Do you have your boarding pass? Where is my seat (baggage)? Fasten your belts please! The plane is landing (taking off) I have nothing to declare
Español
Buen día, buenos días Buenas tardes Buenas noches (saludar) Buenas noches (al despedirse) Chau Hasta luego! Hola! ¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo te va? Estoy bien, gracias ¿De dónde es Ud? ¿Qué hace Ud? ¿A qué se dedica? ¿Habla Ud español? ¿Cuál es su nombre? ¿Cómo se llama Ud? No importa No importa ¡Felicitaciones! ¿Puedo presentarme? Gracias. -De nada Disculpe, por favor Lo siento ¿En serio? ¡Por supuesto! Seguro ¡Qué lástima! ¿Qué pasó? ¿Qué significa eso? Ud. tiene razón Ud. está equivocado Creo que sí Creo que no Quiero un boleto de ida (de ida y vuelta) a Dallas Quisiera reservar un vuelo a Chicago ¿Cuándo debería confirmar el vuelo? ¿Es un vuelo directo? ¿Hay una escala? ¿Cuándo sale (llega) el avión? ¿Tengo que cambiar aviones? ¿Cuánto tiempo antes del vuelo debo registrarme? Al aeropuerto, por favor. ¿A qué puerta debo ir? ¿Cuál es el número de mi vuelo? ¿Está demorado (en tiempo) el avión? Mire el horario de vuelos ¿Tiene Ud. su pase de abordar? ¿Dónde está mi asiento (equipaje)? Abróchense los cinturones, por favor! El avión está aterrizando (despegando) No tengo nada que declarar
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [b] Is it necessary to make a reservation? Do you have any rooms available? What's the daily (weekly) rate? Is there air conditioning (heating) in the room? I would like a single (double) room I'd like a room with twin beds Is breakfast included in the price? Where can I park my car? Could I see the room? OK, I'll take it My room key please This room is too small (noisy/dark) Could you wake me up at 7 a.m.? Where can I leave my valuables? What time do I have to check out? Can I pay with traveler's checks (credit c.)? Could she bring some towels up to my room? Is there a laundry (dry-cleaning) service? I’d like to make a reservation for this evening I would like a table near the window Could you call the waiter (waitress) please? Could you bring me the menu, please? Where are the rest rooms? I would like to order now What do you recommend? May I have a bottle of wine (beer, soda)? Excuse me, I have no spoon (knife,fork) These napkins are dirty May you bring more rolls (toasts) please? I'll have a steak with French fries Would you like anything to drink? What kind of desserts do you have? Waiter, the check please Can we pay separately? Thank you. Keep the change How much is the round-trip (o ne-way) ticket? What's the fare to Chicago? What time does the bus (train) leave (arrive)? From what platform does the (bus) leave? How long does it take from here to Chicago? Is this the bus to New York? Will I have to change buses (trains)? Could you show me the schedule please? Is the bus (train) delayed (on schedule)? Can I buy a map here? I missed the bus (train) Excuse me, but you are sitting in my seat Where are you heading for? Must we change buses at this terminal? How long does the bus (train) stop here?
¿Es necesario hacer una reserva? ¿Tiene Ud. habitaciones disponibles? ¿Cuál es la tarifa diaria (semanal)? ¿Hay aire acondicionado (calefección) en la habitación? Quisiera un cuarto sencillo (cama doble) Quisiera un cuarto con camas gemelas ¿El desayuno está incluído en el precio? ¿Donde puedo estacionar mi auto? ¿Podría ver la habitación? OK. La tomaré La llave de mi cuarto, por favor La habitación es demasiado pequeña (ruidosa, oscura) ¿Podría despertarme a las 7 de la mañana? ¿Dónde puedo dejar mis objetos de valor? ¿A qué hora tengo que irme del hotel? ¿Puedo pagar con cheques de viajero (tarjeta de crédito) ¿Podría ella traer algunas toallas a mi cuarto? ¿Hay un servicio de lavandería (tintorería)? Quisiera hacer una reserva para esta noche Quisiera una mesa cerca de la ventana ¿Podría llamar al camarero (camarera) por favor? ¿Podría traerme el menú, por favor? ¿Donde están los baños? Quisiera ordenar ahora ¿Qué recomienda Ud? ¿Podría traerme una botella de vino (cerveza, gaseosa)? Disculpe. No tengo cuchara (cuchillo, tenedor) Las servilletas están sucias ¿Podría traerme más panecillos (tostadas) por favor? Comeré un bife con papas fritas ¿Desea Ud. algo para tomar? ¿Qué clase de postres tienen? Camarero, la cuenta por favor ¿Podemos pagar separadamente? Gracias. Guárdese el cambio ¿Cuánto cuesta un boleto de ida y vuelta (de ida)? ¿Cuánto cuesta el boleto a Chicago? ¿A qué hora sale (llega) el autobús (tren)? ¿De qué plataforma sale el (bus) ? ¿Cuánto tiempo toma desde aquí hasta Chicago? ¿És este el autobús a New York? ¿Tendré que cambiar autobuses (trenes)? ¿Podría mostrarme el itinerario, por favor? ¿Está el autobús (tren) retrasado (en tiempo)? ¿Puedo comprar un mapa aquí? Perdí el autobús (tren) Disculpe, pero Ud. está sentado en mi asiento ¿Hacia dónde se está dirigiendo Ud.? ¿Debemos cambiar de bus en esta terminal? ¿Cuánto tiempo se detiene el bus (tren) aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [c] What's the next stop? How many more stops before we arrive? I can't find my baggage! It is missing Do I have to get off here? Is there a bus stop around here? Where can I get a taxi (cab)? Is there a subway entrance nearby? How often do the buses run? I think every 10 minutes I need to take the subway (a bus, a taxi-cab) How much is the bus fare? Can you give me a transfer please? How many passengers can you take in this cab? I want to go to... Please take me to... I need to get to the airport as quick as p ossible Could you drive faster please? Do you mind if I open the window? I get off here What is the next stop? How much is it? Thanks. Keep the change Where is the nearest shopping center (supermarket)? How do I get there? What time does the market open (close)? Where is the men's (ladies') clothing department? (Furniture/ baggage/ footware/ cosmetics/ lingerie) department Take the elevator to the third floor I want to buy a gift for my girlfriend How much is this article? Ask the saleswoman (salesman) How much is it? How much does it cost? How much do you charge for this? This is too expensive. Don't you have something cheaper? Could you show me a bigger (smaller/nicer) one? May I try this dress on? Where are the trying rooms? This doesn't fit me. I want a bigger one Are these articles on sale ? I don't care for any of these Please, can you wrap it up? Can I pay by credit card? Is there a post office nearby?
¿Cuál es la próxima parada? ¿Cuántas paradas más antes de que lleguemos? No puedo encontrar mi equipaje! Está faltando ¿Tengo que bajarme aquí? ¿Hay una parada de autobús por aquí? ¿Dónde puedo conseguir un taxi? ¿Hay alguna entrada al subterráneo por aquí cerca? ¿Con qué frecuencia pasan los autobuses? Creo que cada 10 minutos Necesito tomar el subterráneo (un autobús, un taxi) ¿Cuánto está el precio del boleto del bus? ¿Podría darme un pase para transbordar, por favor? ¿Cuántos pasajeros puede llevar en este taxi? Quiero ir a... Por favor, lléveme a... Necesito llegar al aeropuerto lo antes posible ¿Podría conducir más rápido por favor? ¿Le importa si abro la ventanilla? Me bajo aquí ¿Cuál es la próxima parada? ¿Cuánto es? Gracias. Guarde el cambio ¿Dónde queda el shopping center (supermercado) más cercano? ¿Cómo llego hasta allí? ¿A qué hora abre (cierra) el mercado? ¿Dónde queda el departamento de ropa de hombres (de mujeres)? Departamento de (muebles, equipaje, calzados, cosméticos, lencería) Tome la el ascensor al tercer piso Quiero comprar un regalo para mi novia ¿Cuánto cuesta este artículo? Pregúntele a la vendedora (vendedor) ¿Cuánto es? ¿Cuánto cuesta? ¿Cuánto cobran por esto? Esto es demasiado caro. ¿No tiene algo más barato? ¿Podría mostrarme uno más grande (más pequeño/ más lindo)? ¿Podría probarme este vestido? ¿Dónde están los probadores? Este no me queda. Quiero uno más grande ¿Estos artículos están en oferta? No me gusta ninguno de estos Por favor. ¿Puede envolverlo? ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito? ¿Hay una oficina postal cerca de aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [d] What time does it open? I need some stamps for this letter Is there any mail for me? I want to send it via air-mail please Could you weigh this package for me please? How long does it take to get to Argentina? Where is the mailbox? I don't know the Zip-Code of this city I want to register these letters Can I send a money order from here? Can you help me fill out this form please? Where can I buy envelopes? How can I send this the quickest? Operator, I wish to make a long distance call. Operator, I wish to make a collect call. I'd like to speak to Mr. Simpson please. Could you speak louder please? Could you speak more slowly please? Could you spell that for me please? Could you call back later please? Could I leave a message? I need a phone directory I need to know the area-code for Miami Where can I find a pay phone? Hold on! Don't hang up! Who is calling? Wrong number The line is busy You must dial this number... I would like to make an appointment to see the doctor I am not feeling well I am feeling very sick (ill) What are the symptoms? I've got a terrible (earache, stomach ache, headache, toothache) I've got a terrible (flu, cold, cough) I've got a broken (fractured ) arm (leg) My whole body hurts I have a pain in my back (chest) I have been feeling dizzy and sweating a lot I will check your blood pressure I have chills (nausea, diarrhea, fever, allergy) I have a burn (a cut, an insect bite) Is it serious? Must I follow a diet? Must I stay in bed? Will you give me a prescr iption?
¿A qué hora abre? Necesito algunas estampillas para esta carta ¿Hay alguna correspondencia para mí? Quiero enviarla por correo aéreo, por favor ¿Podría Ud. pesarme este paquete por favor? ¿Cuánto tiempo tarda en llegar a Argentina? ¿Dónde está el buzón? No sé el código postal de esta ciudad Quiero certificar estas cartas ¿Puedo enviar un giro postal desde aquí? ¿Puede Ud ayudarme a rellenar este formulario por favor? ¿Dónde puedo comprar sobres para cartas? ¿Cómo puedo enviar esto, lo más rápido posible? Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada de larga distancia Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada por cobrar Quisiera hablar con el señor Simpson por favor ¿Podría Ud. hablar más fuerte por favor? ¿Podría Ud. hablar más lento por favor? ¿Podría deletrearme eso por favor? ¿Podría Ud. llamar de nuevo más tarde por favor? ¿Podría dejar un mensaje? Necesito una guía de teléfonos Necesito saber el código de área de Miami ¿Dónde puedo encontrar un teléfono público? ¡Aguarde! ¡No corte! ¿Quién está llamando? Número equivocado La línea está ocupada Ud. debe marcar este número... Quisiera un turno para ver al doctor No me estoy sintiendo bien Me estoy sintiendo muy enfermo ¿Cuáles son los síntomas? Tengo un terrible dolor (de oído, de estómago, de cabeza, de muelas) Tengo una terrible (gripe, resfriado, tos) Tengo un brazo (pierna) rota (fracturada) Me duele todo mi cuerpo Tengo un dolor en mi espalda (pecho) Me he estado sintiendo mareado y sudando mucho Revisaré su presión sanguínea Tengo escalofríos (náuseas, diarrea, fiebre, alergia) Tengo una quemadura (un corte, una picadura de insecto) ¿Es grave? ¿Debo seguir una dieta? ¿Debo quedarme en cama? ¿Me dará una receta para la farmacia?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [e] What medicine should I take? May I help you? I would like something for a sunburn (a sore throat, a cold, a fever, an indigestion, a constipation, a headache) Could I have some sleeping pills? May I have a bottle of vitamin C? I would like some aspirins and a laxative Do you want a large or small bottle (package, box, tube)? I want a tube of shaving cream (toothpaste) please I would like a box of cough drops I'd like a box of condoms Here you are. That'll be $12.50 Where is the nearest bank? Where can I find an ATM? Can I cash these traveler's checks here? Can I cash personal checks here? I would like to open up a current account Could you give me some change? I need some coins (small bills) I want to withdraw (deposit) some money How much is the rate of exchange? Do I have to endorse (sign) this check? I need to make a bank draft I would like to send money to Argentina Which window should I go to? Do you have s ome painkillers? Do I need a prescription for this medicine? I need a b andage, alcohol and iodine please I would like to apply for a loan What are the interest rates? Where can I get an entertainment guide of this city? Where is the ticket-office? Are there any seats left? I want two tickets please Do we have to wait in line to buy the tickets? Where are our seats? Must we tip the usher? Which orchestra (band) is playing? What's on at the movies tonight? What time does the (show) (start)? How long does it last? What kind of film is it? It is a horror (science fiction, war) film It is a thriller (western, cartoon, comedy, musical) What is it about? The plot (script) is very good Who is the main actor (actress)?
¿Qué remedio debo tomar? ¿Puedo ayudarlo? Quisiera algo para una quemadura (un dolor de garganta, un resfriado, fiebre, una indigestión, una gripa, un dolor de cabeza) ¿Me podría dar pastillas para dormir? ¿Me podría dar una botella de vitamina C? Quisiera algunas aspirinas y un laxante ¿Quiere Ud. un frasco (paquete, caja, pomo) grande o chico? Quiero un tubo de crema de afeitar (dentífrico) por favor Quisiera una cajita de pastillas para la tos Quisiera una cajita de condones Aquí tiene Ud. Son $12.50 ¿Dónde queda el banco más cercano? ¿Dónde puedo encontrar un cajero electrónico? ¿Puedo cobrar aquí estos cheques de viajero? ¿Puedo cobrar aquí cheques personales? Quisiera abrir una cuenta corriente ¿Me podría dar algo de cambio? Necesito algunas monedas (billetes chicos) Quiero retirar (depositar) algo de dinero ¿Cuál es el tipo de cambio? ¿Tengo que endosar (firmar) este cheque? Necesito hacer un giro bancario Quisiera enviar dinero a Argentina ¿A qué ventanilla debería ir? ¿Tiene algunos calmantes? ¿Necesito una receta médica para este remedio? Necesito un vendaje, alcohol y yodo, por favor Quisiera solicitar un préstamo ¿Cuáles son las tasas de interés? ¿Dónde puedo obtener una guía de entretenimientos de esta ciudad? ¿Dónde está la oficina de boletería? ¿Quedan asientos? Quiero dos boletos, por favor ¿Tenemos que hacer cola para comprar los boletos? ¿Dónde están nuestros asientos? ¿Debemos dar propina al acomodador? ¿Qué orquesta (banda) está tocando? ¿Qué hay en el cine esta noche? ¿A qué hora (comienza) (el espectáculo)? ¿Cuánto tiempo dura? ¿Qué clase de película es? Es una película de terror (de ciencia ficción, de guerra) Es una película de acción (una del oeste, una de dibujos animados, una comedia, un musical) ¿De qué se trata? La trama (el guión) es muy bueno ¿Quién es el actor (actriz) principal?
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE[a] 1 Esta es una sombrilla Is this an [umbrella]? 2 Esa es una regla larga Is that a [long ruler]? 3 Estas son ventanas verdes Are these [green windows]? 4 Aquellas son manzanas baratas Are those [cheap apples]? 5 Es un perro feo Is it an [ugly dog]? 6 Es una puerta principal Is it a [main door]? 7 Son los cuadernos viejos Are they the [old notebooks]? 8 Hay un documento sobre el escritorio Is there a [paper on the desk]? 9 Hay dos lapiceros rojos en el piso Are there [ two red pens on the floor]? 10 Había un lápiz nuevo en la gaveta Was there a [new pencil in the drawer? 11 Había tres máquina acá Were there [three machines there]? 12 Habrá un profesor en casa Will there be a [teacher at home]? 13 Podría haber un doctor en la o ficina Could there be a [doctor at the office]? 14 Te estás tomando tu café? Are you [drinking] your [coffee]? 15 El está pintando su casa? Is he [painting] his [house]? 16 Estoy haciendo mi tarea? Am I [doing] my [homework]? 17 El estaba escribiendo una carta? Was he [writing] a [letter]? 18 Usted estaba leyendo un libro? Were you [reading] a [book]? 19 Ves tus exámenes? Do you [see] your [tests]? 20 Ella vigila a sus hijos? Does she [watch] her [kids]? 21 Ellos se comieron sus bananas? Did they [eat] their [bananas]? Will he [jump] our [desk]? 22 El saltará nuestro escritorio? 23 Vas a viajar el próximo mes? Are you going to [travel next month]? 24 El iba a dibujar un mapa? Was he going to [draw a map]? 25 Usted iba a ver una película? Were you going to [see a movie]? 26 Ella volaría a sus ciudades? Would she [fly] to their [cities]? 27 Puedes hacerlo tu mismo? Can you [do] it yourself? 28 Ellos mismos pudieron hacerlo? Could they [do] it themselves? 29 Puedo intentarlo por mí mismo? May I [try] it myself? 30 El mismo podría hacerlo? Might he [make] it himself? 31 Yo los escribiré? Shall I [type] them? 32 El debería visitar a un doctor ahora? Should he [visit a doctor] now? 33 Ella misma debe prepararlos? Must she [prepare] them herself? 34 Has cantando el himno? Have you [sung the hymn]? 35 Ella ha hecho las tareas? Has she [done the homeworks]? 36 Ellos había jugado tenis aquí? Had they [played tennis] here? 37 Ellos habrán aprendido las palabras? Will they have [learned the words]? 38 Usted ha estado trabajando? Have you been [working]? 39 El ha estado caminando allí? Has he been [walking] there? 40 Ella había estado vendiendo periódicos? Had she been [selling newspapers]? 41 Ellos habrán estado estudiando duro Will they have been [studying] hard?
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE [b] Are those [pink desks] his? Aquellos escritorios rosados son de él. Is that [fancy bag] yours? Ese bolso de fantasía es tuyo. Is this [mouse] hers? Este ratón es de ella. Are the [bad tests] ours? Los exámenes malos son nuestros. Are the [good scores] theirs? Los puntajes buenos son de ellos. Is the [clean water] its? El agua limpia es de este. El reloj de John está al lado del cuaderno Is John’s watch [beside the notebook]? El reloj de Pedro está al lado del sofá Is Pete’s clock [next to the sofa]? Los gatos de María están bajo el árbol Are Mary’s cats [under the tree]? Cuántos dólares tienes? How many [dollars] do you [have]? I [have] a [million dollars]. Tengo un millón de dólares Cuánta azúcar necesitas? How much [sugar] do you [need]? I [need] a [kilo of sugar] Necesito un kilo de azúcar Hay café en la cocina? Is there any [coffee in the kitchen]? Yes, there is a [pound of coffee]. Sí, hay una libra de café Qué hora es? What time is it? Son las seis en punto. It’s [six] o’clock. Cuantos años tienes? How old [are you]? Tengo catorce años [I’m] 14 years old Donde naciste? Where were you born? I was born in [Cucuta]. Nací en Cúcuta Cuál es tu dirección? What’s your addres? th It´s [4-55 7 street, Caobos] Es calle 7ª, N° 4-55, Los Caobos Qué haces en casa? What do you [do at home]? I [play chess at home] Juego ajedrez en casa Dónde aprendiste Francés? Where did you [learn French]? I [learned French in France]. Aprendí Francés en Francia Cuándo irás a EE UU When will you [go to USA]? I will [go to USA next year] Iré a EE UU el próximo año Por qué has usado zapatos viejos? Why have you worn [old shoes]? Porque son suaves Because they’re [smooth] Quién hace el acto? Who [performs the act]? [Fanny performs the act] Fanny hace el acto. Cuál cantante prefieres? Which [singer do you prefer]? I [prefer Shakira] Prefiero a Shakira Cuál chaqueta te gusta más? Whose [jacket] do you like best? I like [Henry’s Jacket] Me gusta la chaqueta de Henry Cuánto hace que visitaste Atenas? How long ago did you [visit Athens] I [visited] it [four years ago] La visité hace cuatro años You like to [read], don’t you? Te gusta leer, no es verdad? Yes, I like to [read] Sí, me gusta leer No te gusta escribir, cierto? You don’t like to [write], do you? No, no me gusta escribir. No, I don’t like to [write]
25D TIME EXPRESSIONS Afternoon April August Century Day Decade December early morning Era Eternity Evening fall / autumn February Friday Hour At night At noon Every week In a week\'s time In the afternoon In the early morning In the evening in the morning last Friday last month last night last week last year
January July June March May Midnight Millennium Minute Monday Month Morning Night Noon November October next Friday next week next year the day after the day after tomorrow the day before the day before yesterday this evening this Friday this month this week this year
Saturday Second September Summer Sunday Sunrise Sunset Thursday Tuesday Wednesday Week Winter Year At dawn At dusk three weeks ago today tomorrow tomorrow afternoon tomorrow evening tomorrow morning tonight two days ago two days earlier two days later yesterday yesterday evening yesterday morning
small - pequeño tall - alto young - joven long - largo big - grande fat - gordo lazy - perezoso, vago funny - gracioso, divertido happy - feliz, alegre crazy - loco noisy - ruidoso
25E-1. SHORT ADJECTIVES smaller - más pequeño taller - más alto younger - más joven longer - más largo bigger - más grande fatter - más gordo lazier - más vago funnier - más divertido happier - más feliz crazier - más loco noisier - más ruidoso
(the) smallest – el más pequeño (the) tallest- el más alto (the) youngest – el más joven (the) longest – el más largo (the) biggest- el más grande (the) fattest- el más gordo the laziest- el más vago the funniest- el más divertido the happiest- el más feliz the craziest- el más loco the noisiest- el más ruidoso
expensive - caro modern - moderno beautiful - hermoso elegant - elegante interesting - interesante dangerous - peligroso
25E-2. LONG ADJECTIVES more expensive more modern more beautiful more elegant more interesting more dangerous
the most expensive - el más caro the most modern the most beautiful the most elegant the most interesting the most dangerous
25E-3. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ADJECTIVE Alive - vivo Asleep - dormido Beauty- hermoso Sweet - dulce Black - negro White - blanco Dark - oscuro Dead - muerto Deep - profundo Difficult - difícil Dirty - sucio Clean - limpio Fat - gordo Full - lleno
VERB To live- vivir To sleep - dormir To beautify - embellecer To sweeten - endulzar To blacken - ennegrecer To whiten - blanquear To darken - oscurecer To die - morir To deepen - profundizar To complicate - dificultar To dirty - ensuciar To clean - limpiar To fatten - engordar To fill - llenar
ADJECTIVE Empty - vacío Hard - duro Soft - blando Sick - enfermo Low - bajo Hot - caliente Long - largo Short - corto Rich - rico Poor - pobre Simple - simple Straight - derecho b - fuerte Wide - ancho
VERB To empty - vaciar To harden - endurecer To soften - ablandar To Sicken - enfermar To lower - bajar To heat - calentar To lengthen - alargar To shorten - acortar To enrich - enriquecer To impoverish – empobrecer To simplify - simplificar To straighten - enderezar To strenghen - débil To widen - ensanchar
25E-4. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ADJECTIVE Careful - ciudadoso Slow - lento Strong - fuerte Simple - simple Bad - mal Frecuent - frecuente
ADVERB Carefully - cuidadoso Slowly - lentamente Strongly - fuertemente Simply - simplemente Badly - malamente Frecuently - frecuentemente
Good - bueno Hard - duro
Well - bien Hard - duramente
ADJECTIVE Clear - claro Possible - posible Probable - probable Deep - profundo Quick - rápido Normal - normal Fast - rápido
ADVERB Clearly - claramente Possibly - posiblemente Probably - probablemente Deeply - profundamente Quickly - rápidamente Normally - normalmente Fast - rápidamente
25E-5. ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS ADJECTIVES Long - largo Short - corto Big - grande / Small - pequeño Heavy - pesado / Light - liviano Deep - profundo / Shallow - poco profundo Wide - ancho /
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
Length – longitud
Difficult - difícil
Difficulty - dificultad
Size – tamaño
Sad - triste
Sadness – tristeza
Weight – peso
Beautiful - hermoso
Beauty – belleza
Depth - profundidad
Strong - fuerte
Strength – fuerza
Width – anchura
Weak - débil
Weakness - debilidad
Narrow - angosto Fast - rápido / Slow - lento Tall - alto / Short - bajo White - blanco / Black - negro Far - lejano / Near - cercano Bitter - amargo / Sweet - dulce Careful - cuidadoso / Careless - descuidado
Speed – velocidad
Dirty - sucio
Dirt – suciedad
Height – altura
Clean - limpio
Cleanliness - limpieza
Color – color
Safe - seguro
Safety - seguridad
Distance - distancia
Dangerous - peligroso
Danger – peligro
Taste – sabor
True - verdadero
Truth – verdad
Care – cuidado
