MODULE 13 Cognitive Development of Infants and Toddlers

Partido College College of Education Goa, Camarines Sur 

METHODS S/Y 2015 – 2016

Date of Report: January 13, 2016

ROSIE V. V!E"#I Reporter

DR. RO"!D E"#ISO $rofe%%or

&OD'!E 13: #o(n)t)*e De*e+opent of Infant% an- o--+er% “Keep me away from the wisdom which does not cry, the philosophy which does not laugh and the greatness which does not bow before children” Sen%or)otor %ta(e 

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An analysis of the 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s cognitive development shows that the development begins from reflexive behaviors to more refined and more coordinated activities !ognitive development of infants evolves in orientation from becoming focused on themselves to becoming ob"ect or word oriented from one that is action based to one that is mentally based from one that does not involve much coordination of schemes to one involving intentionality Piaget’s substages are termed circular because the adaptive behavior to the world involves repeated actions !ircular reactions serves as the building bloc#s for  intelligence Primary circular reactions are oriented toward the infants own body, whereas secondary circular reactions are aimed toward the environment including others $econdary circular reactions are repetitive actions that involve recreating events which %& '( month oldbabies observe outside of their own bodies such as ma#ing their mobile crib sha#e by #ic#ing their legs )ertiary circular reactions seen from approximately '(&'* months is when a baby does things over and over again +rom dropping the spoon many times in many different ways the baby discovers a pattern “ob"ect fall down&&¬ up’ Acuiring the sense of ob"ect permanence is one of the infants most important accomplishments according to Piaget’s -b"ect permanence is the understanding that the ob"ects continue to exist even when the ob"ects are not immediately perceptible through the senses

!earn)n( an- Reeer)n(

.o infants learn and remember/ 0es1 Pavlov’s classical conditioning and $#inner’s operant conditioning have been proven to apply to infants All of us experience infantile amnesia the inability to recall events that happened when we were very young 2$pear '3435 enerally we can remember little or nothing that has happened to us before the age of about 7 years and it is extremely rare for someone to recall many memories  before age 8 years 9eports of childhood memories usually involve memories of significant events 2eg birth of a sibling or the death of a parent:+ivush and ;ammond '33'5

!an(ua(e De*e+opent

+rom day one infants appear to be programmed to tune in to their linguistic environment with the specific goal of acuiring language abbling, which comprises consonant as well as vowel sounds to most people’s ears the babbling of infants growing up among spea#ers from different language groups sounds very similar 8 -ne&word utterances: these utterances are limited in both vowels and the consonants they utili?e 2@ngram '333 cited by $ternberg =((85 % )wo word&utterances and telegraphic speech 7 >asic adult sentence structure 2present by about age % years with continuing vocabulary acuisition )he infants utters hisher first word followed by one or two more and soon after yet a few more )he infants uses these one&word utterances termed o+opra%e% to convey intentions desires and demands Bsually the words are nouns describing familiar ob"ects that the child observes 2eg  boo#, ball, baby 5 or wants 2eg Cama, dada5 >y '* months of age children typically have vocabularies of 8 to '(( words 2 $eigler  '3*65 >ecause the young child’s vocabulary is very limited at this point in the development  process, the child overextend the meaning of words in hisher existing lexicon to cover things and ideas for which a new word is lac#ing +or example the general term for any #ind of four  legged animal may be “doggie” @n linguistic is called o*ereten%)on error. !an(ua(e u)%)t)on De*)e

Doam !homs#y 2'367, '34=5, noted linguist claims that humans have an innate language acuisition device 2EA.5 )his EA. is a “metaphorical organ that is responsible for  language learning Fust as a heart is designed to pump blood this language acuisition device is  preprogrammed to learn language whatever the language community children find themselves in” )his means that we humans seem to be biologically preconfigured to be ready to acuire language