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 Ewydfhf|d

Mwewfhdf Ds`led~l N`lgf}

Ig`wk idf|de }gy~gmldf|d syohydk ds`led~l |dfh ~g}dyd mgfhdf syohydk ds`led~l |dfh }gymdsd} ml Klnyo~ob} Xlfmox~ *kl~dèdf ~dad Dw}oNDM ^S^^ d}dw |dfh `dlff|d,& Ed`dwswf ~wmdj dmd ild~df|d ig`wk ~gjgid} |dfh igyad`df ml Klnyo~ob} Xlfmox~& Kg~elswf kd~d kgfmd}dfh egkwfhelfdf }gy~gmldf|d ds`led~l }gy~giw} ~g`d`w dmd *~glylfh mgfhdf egsosw`gydf @lfwz ml kd~|dyded}, mgfhdf egdmddf lfl il~d kgfadml eg`gkdjdf @lfwz& Kl~dèdf ~giwdj sgyw~djddf kgkw}w~edf wf}we igyd`lj eg @lfwz }g}dsl ds`led~l |dfh mlsdedl wf}we kgf|g`g~dledf sgegyaddf ~gjdyl+jdyl ig`wk dmd sgfhhdf}lf|d ml @lfwz kded dedf kgksgy~w`l} ad`dff|d sgegyaddf& Sdmd ~dd} lfl ds`led~l |dfh }g`dj mlmwewfh ~gidhdl ml~}yo @lfwz ~gndyd kg`wd~ ~wmdj kgfndsdl ds`led~l dmklfl~}yd}oy edf}oY *~wyd}+kgf|wyd} ^KE F 4 KDHG@DFH p Nygd}g \owy ]l}`g @lfwz Kd~}gy Jgyg

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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

~sygdm~jgg} syg~gf}d~l, ds`led~l mg~dlf hydbl~ ds`led~l sgykdlfdf md}did~g mdf }gf}w ~dad ds`led~l adylfhdf&

 ]gy`d`w Idf|de Rdyld~l

Idf|def|d ml~}yliw~l @lfwz |dfh dmd ml~dkslfh kgkigyledf egigid~df ~g`wd~+`wd~f|d md`dk kgkl`lj awhd mdsd} kgksgy~w`l} ~g~goydfh wf}we kgkl`lj ml~}yliw~l kdfd |dfh nonoe wf}we mlylf|d d}dw oyhdfl~d~lf|d& ^g`dlf l}w ~g}lds ml~}yliw~l ~gylfhed`l kg`dewedf sgfgksd}df òed~l d}dw mlygn}oy| lf~}d`d~l syohydk ds`led~l mdf bl`g+bl`g `liydy| |dfh mliw}wjedf sdmd òed~l |dfh igyigmd+igmd& Igyigmd mgfhdf Klnyo~ob} Xlfmox~ |dfh ~g`d`w kg`g}deedff|d ml mlygn}oy| PXlfmox~ d}dw PPXlfmox~P^|~}gk PPXlfmox~P^|~}gk&& Sgykd~d`djdf lfl }gf}wf|d dedf kwfnw` aled Dfmd ~gylfh i gyslfmdj ml~}yo @lfwz&

Fdkwf mdyl igigydsd egewydfhdf }gy~giw} @lfwz mdsd} mled}dedf ~gidhdl ~|~}gk osgyd~l kd~d mgsdf |dfh dedf igy}wkiwj ~glylfh mgfhdf sgyegkidfhdf hgfgyd~l kwmd sdmd ~dd} lfl idf|de kgfhhwfdedf ~|~}gk osgyd~l @lfwz& Mwewfhdf ds`led~l }gyjdmdsf|d awhd dedf kdelf igy}dkidj ~gad`df mgfhdf sgyad`dfdf xde}w&


43

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^L @lFWZ MGILDF 7&3  Kgf~g}}lfh ioo}lfh eoksw}gy sdmd ILO^& Sd~}ledf ioo}lfh sgy}dkd dmd`d j NM/MRM&

Sd~}ledf NM+YOK Mylrg sdmd so~l~l }gyd}d~ edygfd el}d dedf ioo}lfh `gxd} NM+ YOK mdf kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l kgfhhwfdedf NM/MRM& Dsdil`d el}d kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l `gxd} Adylfhdf kded

Fg}xoye Ioo} byok DKM Dk8
]gedf gf}gy sdmd Gzl} ^drlfh

Njdfhg~ d}dw B43 wf}we kgf|lksdf eofblhwyd~l |dfh ~wmdj ml`dewedf mdf eg`wdy mdyl ILO^& Sdmd sl`ljdf eofblykd~l sl`lj \g~ &

 Kgkl`lj komg lf~}d`d~l& Komg lf~}d`d~l dmd igigydsd kdndk 1

]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Lf~}d`` wf}we lf~}d`d~l komg }g z} ]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Hydsjlnd` lf~}d`` wf}we lf~}d`d~l komg HWL / komg Hydble ]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Dmrd fngm os}lof~ wf}we kg`ljd} sl`ljdf `dlf ]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Jg`s wf}we kg`ljd} sg}wfawe |dfh dmd&


44

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Lf~}d`` edygfd el}d dedf kgfhlf~}d`` mgildf mgfhdf komg}gz} sgy`w mleg}djwl idjxd mgfhdf komg` }gz} dedf kgksgyngsd} syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l kdwswf egiw}wjdf sdeg} ds`led~l ~gyrgy ~gyrgy |dfh dedf el}d lf~}d`` sdmd kd}gyl igylew}f|d&

 Kgkl`lj idjd~d |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf& Idjd~d mgbdw`} |dfh mlhwfdedf dmd`dj Gfh`l~j&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Gfh`l~j

„

Gfh`l~j edygfd el}d dedf kgfhhwfdedf idjd~d idjd~ d lfhhyl~ lfhhy l~ ~gidhdl ~g idhdl idjd~d idjd~d mgbdw`} mdyl ~|~}gk mgildf&

 Kgkl`lj fghdyd |dfh Dfmd }gksd}l ~dd} lfl&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd o}jgy wf}we kgfndyl fghdyd lfmofg~ld&


49

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf gf}gy sdmd D~ld wf}we kgfndyl fghdyd lfmofg~ld&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Lfmofg~ld edygfd el}d kgkl`lj fghdyd lfl wf}we ~g}}lfh òed~l |dfh el}d }gksd}l ~gedydfh&

 Kgkl`lj `d|ow} eg|iodym |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf& ^gndyd mgbdw`} `d|ow} eg|iodym dmd`dj Dkgylndf Gfh`l~j&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Dkgylndf

Gfh`l~j ~g~wdl mgfhdf mgbdw`} mdyl eg|iodym `d|ow} |dfh el}d hwfdedf&


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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Syo~g~ sgfmg}ge~ldf jdymxdyg |dfh }gysd~dfh sdmd eoksw}gy&

 Syo~g~ ~ndfflfh NM/ MRM |dfh mlhwfdedf wf}we kg`dewedf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l

 Syo~g~ @odmlfh eoksofgf `lfwz&


4=

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Syo~g~ eofblhwyd~l adylfhdf mgfhdf MJNS *M|fdkln Jo~} Nof}yo` Syo}ono`, d}dw Sgfml~}yliw~ldf LS

Dmmyg~~ ~gndyd o}okd}l~&

Dsdil`d kgfhhwfdedf MJNS mdyl ~giwdj ~gyrgy |dfh }gy~gmld kded }wfhhw syo~g~ ~dksdl 433'& Edygfd el}d dedf kgfheofblhwyd~l Fg}xoye ~gndyd kdfwd` kded }gedf gf}gy sdmd Ndfng`

 Syo~g~ eofblhwyd~l adylfhdf mgfhdf MJNS hdhd` jd` lfl ml~gidiedf }lmde ml}gkwedf ~gyrgy | dfh

kgfml~}yliw~ledf MJNS d}dwswf }lmde dmd sgydfhed} adylfhdf |dfh }gysd~dfh& Fdkwf }lmde kgfhhdfhhw syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l |dfh ~gmdfh ml`de~dfdedf&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Nof}lfwg wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

 Kgkl`lj ndyd kgfheofblhwyd~l adylfhdf& Sl`ljdf |dfh sgy}dkd mdf |dfh egmwd mlhwfdedf wf}we

kgfheofblhwyd~l adylfhdf kgfhhwfdedf MJNS& Sl`ljdf |dfh e g}lhd mlhwfdedf wf}we kgfheofblhwyd~l adylfhdf ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l& Sl`ljdf |dfh eggk sd} mlhwfdedf wf}we kgfheofblhwyd~l adylfhdf ~g}g`dj syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l ~g`g~dl&


47

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Nofblhwyg

fg}xoye kdfwd``| edygfd el}d dedf kgfheofblhwyd~l Fg}xoye ~gndyd kdfwd` mgfhdf LS Dmmyg~~ Fg}kd~e Hd}gxd| MF^ |dfh ~wmdj el}d }gf}wedf ~gfmlyl&

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l LS Dmmyg~~ ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf LS Dmmyg~~ |dfh ~wmdj ml}gf}wedf ~gig`wkf|d& Nof}oj ~d|d kgfhhwfdedf LS Dmmyg~~ 4<9&42:&4&>3 ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l Fg}kd~e ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf Fg}kd~e |dfh ~wmdj ml}gf}wedf ~gig`wkf|d& Nof}oj kgfhhwfdedf Fg}kd~e 977&977&977&3& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&


42

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l Hd}gxd| ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf Hd}gxd| |dfh ~wmdj ml}gf}wedf ~gig`wkf|d& Nof}oj kgfhhwfdedf Hd}gxd| 4<9&42:&4&4& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l D`dkd} Fdkg ^gyrgy d}dw Fokoy MF^ ^gyrgy ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf Fdkg ~gyrgy dmmyg~~g~ |dfh ~wmdj ml}gf}wedf ~gig`wkf|d& Nof}oj kgfhhwfdedf LS Dmmyg~~ 4<9&42:&4&>3 edygfd fdf}lf|d eoksw}gy lfl mladmledf ~gyrgy MF^& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l Jo~}fdkg ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l

Kd~weedf Jo~}fdkg d}dw fdkd eoksw}gy& Nof}oj 1 obdfl& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&


48

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l Fdkd Mokdlf ml md`dk syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf Mokdlf fdkg d}dw fdkd mokdlf& Nof}oj 1 ~ke&nok& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&

 Kgfheofblhwyd~l qofd xde}w sdmd eo}d |dfh Dfmd }gksd}l&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Adedy}d edygfd el}d }gy`g}de ml Sd~wywdf Adxd ]lk wy |dfh kgywsdedf XLI mgfhdf Adedy}d ~gidhdl Eo}d Dnwdff|d&

 Syo~g~ sgfmg}ge~ldf Ml~e mdf jdymxdyg |dfh `dlf&


4:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Syo~g~ sgy~ldsdf sdy}l~l jdymml~e&

 Kgkl`lj ndyd sdy}l~l jdymml~e& Sl`ljdf sgy}dkd, sdy}l~l ml`dewedf ~gndyd o}okd}l~ mgfhdf

kgfhjdsw~ ~gkwd sdy}l~l |dfh dmd ml jdymml~e mdf kgfhhwfdedf ~gkwd edsd~l}d~ jdymml~e |dfh dmd wf}we sdy}l~l `lfwz mgildf& Sl`ljdf egmwd, sdy}l~l ml`dewedf ~gndyd o}okd}l~ mgfhdf kgfhjdsw~ ~gkwd sdy}l~l |dfh dmd ml jdymml~e mdf kgfhhwfdedf ~gkwd edsd~l}d~ jdymml~e |dfh dmd wf}we sdy}l~l `lfwz mgildf mdf ml ~g} @RK& Sl`ljdf eg}lhd, sdy}l~l ml`dewedf ~gndyd o}okd}l~ mgfhdf kgfhjdsw~ ~gkwd sdy}l~l |dfh dmd ml jdymml~e mdf kgfhhwfdedf ~gkwd sdy}l~l |dfh dmd wf}we sdy}l~l `lfwz mgildf mdf ml ~g} gfn}|s}gm @RK& Sl`ljdf eggksd}, sdy}l~l ml`dewedf ~gndyd kdfwd` ~g~wdl |dfh mliw}wjedf mdf kgf|g~wdledf jdymml~e |dfh dmd&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Kdfwd` edygfd el}d dedf kgksdy}l~l jdymml~e ~gndyd kdfwd`& Sl`ljdf lfl ~dfhd} nonoe dsdil`d jdymml~e el}d ~wmdj }gyl~l md}d `dlf *kl~d` }gymdsd} ~l~}gk osgyd~l xlfmox~ |dfh ~wmdj dmd ~gig`wkf|d, dhdy md}d }gy~giw} }lmde }gyjdsw~ edygfd fdf}lf|d el}d dedf kgkiwd} sdy}l~l idyw |dfh mlbwfh~ledf mlbwfh~ledf wf}we kgf|lksdf `lfwz |dfh el}d lf~}d`` ~gedydfh&


4<

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkiwd} sdy}l~l sdmd ~sdng/idhldf jdy mml~e |dfh eo~ofh&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd `dig` BYGG

^SDNG wf}we kgkiwd} sdy}l~l idyw& Sdy}l~l mld}d~ kd~lj eo~ofh edygfd jdymml~e kd~lj idyw mdf ~gkgf}dyd jdf|d dedf }gyl~l `lfwz |dfh ~gedydfh el}d lf~}d``& ]dksl`df mld}d~ il~d }lmde ~dkd }gyhdf}wfh jdymml~e |dfh dfmd hwfdedf dsdedj kd~lj eo~ofh d}dwswf ~wmdj igyl~l md}d& Fdkwf dfmd }lmde sgy`w ilfhwfh dfmd }lfhhd` kgfndyl `dig` BYGG ^SDNG wf}we kgkiwd} sdy}l~l idyw&

 Kgkiwd} sdy}l~l ~gndyd o}okd}l~ sdmd ~sdng/idhldf jdymml~e |dfh eo~ofh&

]gedf Gf}gy sdmd Nygd}g d fgx

sdy}l}lof wf}we kgkiwd} sdy}l~l idyw& Sl`ljdf Dw}okd}lnd``|

sdy}l}lof }jg bygg ~sdng mlhwfdedf wf}we kgkiwd} sdy}l~l ~gndyd o}okd}l~ |dfh ml`dewedf o`gj eoksw}gy ~g~wdl mgfhdf bygg ~sdng |dfh ~wmdj dmd sdmd }dkksl`df ~gig`wkf|d& Dsdil`d dfmd sgfhhwfd `lfwz |dfh kd~lj idyw ml~dydfedf kgkl`lj Dw}okd}lnd``| sdy}l}lof

}jg bygg ~sdng &


93

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3



@LFWZ

Dsdil`d dfmd kgkl`lj Dw}okd}lnd``| sdy}l}lof }jg bygg ~sdng kded |dfh dedf kwfnw` dmd`dj }dksl`df ~gidhdl igylew} 1 Sl`ljdf sgy}dkd dsdil`d el}d jdf|d kgkiwd} 9 sdy}l~l ~dad |dl}w yoo} mdf ~xds& Sl`ljdf egmwd dsdil`d el}d kgkiwd} > sdy}l~l |dl}w yoo} ~xds mdf jokg& Sl`ljdf eg}lhd dsdil`d el}d kgkiwd} 2 sdy}l~l |dl}w yoo} ~xds jokg w~y rdy mdf }ks& Sdy}l~l klflkd` mdyl `lfwz dmd`dj yoo} mdf ~xds&

]dksl`df syo~g~ sgkiwd}df sdy}l~l ~gndyd o}okd}l~ |dfh ml`dewedf o`gj eoksw}gy

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Blfl~j

sdy}l}loflfh dfm xyl}g njdfhg~ }o ml~e wf}we kgfhdejlyl syo~g~ sdy}l~l mdf sdy}l~l ~lds ~ lds wf}we wf} we ml boy kd}&


94

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf gf}gy sdmd |g~ wf}we kgkboykd} sdy}l~l |dfh ~wmdj mliwd} ~gig`wkf|d

&

 Syo~g~ boykd} sdy}l~l |dfh ~wmdj mliwd} ~gig`wkf|d&

 Syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l id~g ~|~}gk&


99

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgf~g}}lfh sd~~xoym wf}we Yoo}&

Kd~weedf sd~~xoym wf}we yoo}& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf ~ged`l `dhl sd~~xoym |dfh~wmdj dfmd kd~weedf sdmd }dksl`df ~gig`wkf|d& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf lf~}d`d~l

 Kgf~g}}lfh fdkd w~gy w~gyfdkg wf}we dnnowf} mdf Sd~~xoym mdyl w~gy }gy~giw}&

Kd~weedf fdkd wf}we w~gy idyw& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~ l&


9>

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

Kd~weedf fdkd w~gy idyw& ]gedf

gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

Kd~weedf sd~~xoym wf}we w~gy idyw&]gedf idyw&] gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~ l

Kd~weedf sd~~xoym ~ged`l `dhl wf}we w~gy idyw |dfh ~wmdj mlkd~weedf sdmd }dksl`df ~gig`wkf|d& ]gedf gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&


9=

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Syo~g~ eofblhwyd~l ds}&

 ]dksl`df eofblykd~l dsdedj dfmd kgf~ndf NM/MRM ~g`dlf NM/MRM 4 ~gedydfh *sdmd xde}w syo~g~

lf~}d`d~l, mgfhdf kgkl`lj \g~ d}dw kgf~ndf fdf}l ~g}g`dj syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l ~g`g~dl mgfhdf kgkl`lj Fo&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd sl`ljdf Fo edygfd el}d dedf kgf~ndf NM/MRM fdf}l ~g}g`dj syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l ~g`g~dl& Syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l dedf kgkiwdfh xde}w |dfh }lmde ~gmlel}&


97

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkl`lj dsdedj kgfhhwfdedf klyyoy d}dw }lmde& Klyyoy lfl fdf}lf|d mlhwfdedf wf}we kgfhlf~}d``

d}dwswf kgfhwsmd}g sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf kg`d`wl ~gyrgy |dfh ~wmdj ml~gmldedf d}dwswf kg`d`wl lf}gyfg}&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Fo edygfd el}d kgfhhwfdedf kgmld NM/MRM wf}we kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l d}dwswf wsmd}g sdeg} fd f}lf|d&

 Syo~g~ sgkl`ljdf mdf sgfhlf~}d``df ~ob}xdyg/sdeg}&

 Kgkl`lj dsdedj sdy}l~lsd~l sdmd sdeg} |dfh mlhwfd edf wf}we ~wyrg|&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Fo wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&


92

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkl`lj ~ob}xdyg d}dw sdeg} |dfh ded f mllf~}d``&

Jdsw~ }dfmd ngf}dfh sdmd Mg~e}os

gfrlyofkgf} edygfd eoksw}gy lfl fdf}lf|d dedf mlbwfh~ledf ~gidhdl ~gyrgy |dfh `gilj kgkgf}lfhedf egkdkswdf mdylsdmd hydsjln& Igyl }dfmd ngf}dfh jdf|d sdmd ^}dfmdym ~|~}gk& ]gedf

gf}gy wf}we kg`dfaw}edf wf}we kg`dfaw}edf syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l&

 Syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l HYWI ioo` òdmgy&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd |g~ edygfd el}d dedf kgfhlf~}d`` HYWI ioo}

òdmgy sdmd kd~}gy ioo} ygnoym &


98

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Syo~g~ blfl~jlfh lf~}d`d~l&

 ]dksl`df Lf~}d`d~l ~g`g~dl&

]gedf gf}gy sdmd Nof}lfwg wf}we kgfhdejlyl syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l `lfwz mgildf 7&3&

 ^g}g`dj syo~g~ lf~}d`d~l ~g`g~dl eoksw}gy dedf kg`dewedf yg~}dy} mdf dedf kwfnw` }dksl`df ioo}

òdmgy& ]gedf gf}gy sdmd Mgildf HFW/@lfwz egyfg` 9&2&92+4+2:2 wf}we kd~we eg ~l~}gk osgyd~l mgildf 7&3 |dfh idyw ~dad ~g `g~dl el}d lf~}d``&

Eoksw}gy ~lds kg`dewedf yg~}dy}


9:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf gf}gy wf}we kd~we eg ~l~}gkosgyd~l mgildf 7&3 |dfh idyw ~dad ~g`g~dl el}d lf~}d``&

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9<

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]dksl`df ~g}g`dj syo~g~ òhlf igyjd~ l`& @lfwz ~lds wf}we mlhwfded ml hwfdedf f mdf ~lds wf}we mlge~sòyd~l&


>3

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

^G]]LFH FLN *FG]XOYE LF]GYBDNG NDYM, O~ @lfwz Mgildf kgywsdedf ~giwdj ~|~}gk osgyd~l Osgf ôwyng mlkdfd ~g}lds lfmlrlmw mdsd} kgywidj }dksl`df kdwswf ~g}}lfhdf |dfh dmd mlmd`dkf|d ~g~wdl mgfhdf eglfhlfdf sgfhhwfdf|d kw`dl mdyl sgf|g}}lfhdf FLN MF^ XGI KDL@ MJNS mdf nofblhwyd~l `dlff|d ~gndyd kdfwd` mdf jd` sgy}dkd |dfh sgy`w mlsgyjd}ledf sdmd ~dd} kgkidfhwf ~giwdj ~gyrgy dmd`dj kgfhnofblhwyd~l LS Dmmyg~~ *FLN,&  ^gig`wk kgf~g}}lfh FLN FLN }gy`gilj }gy`gilj mdjw`w @ohlf mgfhdf w~gy yoo} mdf mdf sd~~xoym |dfh |dfh

}g`dj ml iwd} sdmd ~dd} lf~}d``d~l @lfwz Mgildf& Sdmd ~dd} kgfhl~l sd~~xoym Sd~~xoym ~gfhdad }lmde ml}dkslèdf mgkl wf}we kgfadhd egydjd~lddf&

~gig`wkf|d

sd~~xoym sdmd ~dd} kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l

 ^g}}lfhdf dxd` md`dk `dfhedj lfl dmd`dj kgf~g}}lfh LS Dmmyg~~ ~wifg} kd~e hd}gxd|

FLM *fg}xoye

LM,

Iyodmnd~} ^gyrgy& Sdmd bl`g 1 /g}n/fg}xoye/lf}gybdng~ /g}n/fg}xoye/lf}gybdng~&& Igylew}

sgylf}dj |dfh jdyw~ ml`dewedf 1

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 Egkwmldf wf}we eg`wdy mdf kgf|lksdff|d G~n ‛ `d`w eg}ledf }gedf ‐ G~n

1xt‛ }gedf ‐ gf}gy gf}gy ‛ ‛ ‐ 1xt

 ^g~wdledf ~nyls} ~gsgy}l hdkidy ml~dkslfh&


>4

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kg`ljd} nofblhwyd~l d`dkd} ls dmmyg~~ ig~gy}d mokdlf ònd`jo~} ~gyrgy&

Gml} ^nyls} ]gedf ‐Lf~gy}‛ widj kgfadml ~gsgy}l hdkidy ml ~dkslfh ‐G~n‛ `d`w eg}ledf

‐1xt‛ }gedf

 Kgfhgnge bl`g yg~o`r& Mlkdfd ls lfl jdyw~ ml~g~wdledf mgfhdf ls ~gyrgy igy~gy}d fdkd

mokdlff|d * jdksly ~dkd sdmd ~dd} el}d kg`dewedf syo~g~ sgf|g}}lfhdf jo~}~ ~gyrgy ,&

 Kgfhofblhwyd~l fdkd jo~}fdkg ~gyrgy |dl}w |dl}w obdfl&~ke&nok `dfh~wfh sdmd òndjo~} ~gyrgy&

|dfh dedf ml ~g}}lfh

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf fg}xoye |dfh ~wmdj }gynofblhwyd~l&


>9

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

^G]]LFH MF^ *Mokdlf Fdkg ^gyrgy,

Bwfh~l mdf eghwfddf Mf~ dmd`dj kgywidj d`dkd} ls ~gyrgy kgfadml d`dkd} dmmyg~~ ~gjlfhhd oydfh `dlf mgfhdf kwmdjf|d mdsd} kgfhhwfdedf d`dkd} d`ld~ mdyl ls }gy~giw} }dfsd jdyw~ kgfhg}djwl d`dkd} mdyl ls ~gyrgy&  Ds`led~l |dfh mliw}wedf wf}we sgfhlf~}d`df MF^ dmd`dj Ilfm<

 Kgfdkidjedf ~nyls} sdmd bl`g /g}n/ilfm/fdkgm&nofb&ònd` |dfh mlhwfdedf wf}we

kgkdfhhl` nofblhwyd~l bl`g mi&boyxdym mdf mi&yg~gyrg sdmd nofhwyd~l bl`g |dfh dedf el}d ~g}}lfh fdf}l &

Eg}ledf ~nyls} mlidxdj lfl sdmd idyl~ sd`lfh idxdj 1 qofg ‐~ke&nok ‐~ke&nok‛‛ u }|sg kd~}gy5 bl`g ‐/g}n/ilfm/mi&boy‛5 {5 qofg ‐4&42:&4<9&lf+dmmy& ‐4&42:&4<9&lf +dmmy&dysd‛ dysd‛ u }|sg kd~}gy5 bl`g ‐/g}n/ilfm/mi&ygr‛5 {5


>>

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

^gjlfhhd nofblhwyd~l sdmd bl`g b l`g fdkgm&nofb&ònd` dedf }gy`ljd} ~gsgy}l hdkidy mlidxdj lfl 1 ]gedf Lf~gy} `d`w ^drg nofblhwyd~l MF^ mgfhdf kgfgedf ‐G~n‛ egkwmldf ‐1xt‛ 1xt‛

 Egkwmldf Kd~we eg mlygn}oy| ilfm |dl}w bo`mgy mlkdfd }gymdsd} nofblhwyd~l sd`lfh w}dkd mdyl ds`led~l MF^ sdmd ~dd} dedf kg`dewedf sgf|g}}lfhdf MF^ ^gyrgy &

 Kgfhnos| bl`g mi&498 kgfadml mi&boy mdf mi&ygr

 Kgkiwd} nofblhwyd~l bl`g |dfh }g`dj mlnos| }dml |dl}w mi&boyxdym mdf mi&ygrgy~g 1 *Kgkiwed bl`g mi&boy,

Gml} ^nyls} mi&boy ~gsgy}l hdkidy 1  Jl`dfhedf ed}d

Ygrgy~g  Hdf}l dfhed 4

kgfadml 9  Gml} ~nyls}hdf}l

mdyl S]Y kgfadml KZ  ]dkidjedf

igigydsd ed}d sdmd ~nyls} jlfhhd ~gsgy}l hdkidy ml ~dkslfh


>=

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

*Kgkiwed bl`g mi&ygr, Gml} ^nyls} mi&ygr jlfhhd fdksde ~gsgy}l hdkidy 1  Jl`dfhedf }dfmd C

 Gml} ~nyls} ònd`jo~}

 Hdf}l 4&3&3 kgfadml fo LS ~gyrgy, nof}oj 14<9&42:&4&>3 adml Fo LS f|d 1 >3

 Gml} ~nyls} ~dkd sgy~l~ ~gsgy}l Fdksde hdkidy 

Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ilfm<

 Kgfhgnge MF^ |dfh ~wmdj }gynofblhwyd~l &


>7

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^L XGI ^GYRGY

Sgy`w mleg}djwl idjxd sdmd ~dd} el}d dedf kgfnofblhwyd~l Xgi ^gyrgy  fdkd ~wimokdlf |dfh dedf el}d hwfdedf l}w igyjwiwfhdf mgfhdf syo~g~ sgf|g}}lfhdf MF^ ^gyrgy  adml sgkiwd}dff|d jdyw~ ~dkd mdf ml~g~wdledf sdmd ~dd} el}d kgfhnofblhwyd~l MF^ |dl}w bl`g mi&boy & Nof}oj 1  ^gkl~d` El}d dedf kgfhhwfdedf ^wimokdlf ^wimokdlf xgi&~ke&nok  adml ~ke&nok kgywsdedf fdkd mokdlf mdyl ~gyrgy mdf xgi dmd`dj ~wimokdlf |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf sgy`w mllfhd} sdmd nofblhwyd~l MF^ mlmd`dk bl`g mi&boy mi&boy ml idhldf sd`lfh idxdj l}w sgy`w sgy`w dmd sgfdkidjdf sgfdkidjdf ~nyls} 1 

Xgi

LF

NFDKG

obdfl

Mlkdfd bl`g }gy~giw} kgkswf|dl bwfh~l ~gidhdl sgkdfhhl` fdkd jo~} *~wimokdlf, mdyl ~gyrgy sdmd ~dd} xgi ~gyrgy ~gyrgy dedf mlad`dfedf fdf}lf|d fdf}lf|d &

 Kgfhlf~}d`` sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf |dl}w dsdnjg9 sjs7 `lfe~&


>2

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfhde}lbedf Kw`}l W~gy dhdy ~g}lds w~gy mdsd} md sd} kgfhde~g~ jd`dkdf xgi ~l}g &

 Kgkiwd} jd`dkdf yoo} xgi~l}g mlmd`dk bo`mgy w~gy |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf wf}we

kgfdkslèdf ~g`wywj l~l jd`dkdf xgi~l}g&



Kgfhnos| nofblhw yd~l bl`g mgbdw`} kgfadml ‐xgi‛&



Kgkiwd} nofblhwyd~l w}dkd mdyl ~wd}w xgi~l}g |dl}w mlmd`dk bo`mgy /g}n/dsdnjg9/~l}g~+ drdl`di`g/ wf}we kgfhd}wy fdkd d`ld~ d}dw ~wimokdlf xgi~l}g ~gidhdl Rly}wd` Jo~}& ]dkidjedf

Gml} ~nyls} xgi kgfadml 1

idyl~ FdkgRly}wd`Jo~ } 4<9&42:&4&>31:3 mdf Rl}wd`Jo~} 4<9&42:&4&>31:3 Hdf}l fdkd mdyl ^gyrgyDmklf kgfadml obdflC~ke&nok mdf ^gyrgyFdkg ~gidhdl xgi d`ld~ d}dw ^wimokdlf |dl}w xxx&~ke&nok Gml} jd`dkdf monwkgf} yoo} /jokg/obdfl/x gi Mdf Mlygn}oy| xgi~l}g kgfadml /jokg/obdfl/x gi ^KE F 4 KDHG@DFH p Nygd}g \owy ]l}`g @lfwz Kd~}gy Jgyg

>8

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

m lmd`dk bo`mgy /g}n/dsdnjg9/~l}g~+gfdi`gm /g}n/dsdnjg9/~l}g~ +gfdi`gm 1  Kgfhde}lbedf nofblhwyd~l bl`g ‐xgi‛ mlmd`dk

 Kgfofdeb}ledf bl`g mgbdw`} mlkdfd ~gig`wkf|d ~wmdj }gynofblhwyd~l de}lb ~gndyd

o}okd}l~ mlmd`dk xgi ~gyrgy 1

 Kgfhnos|

igigydsd

bl`g

wf}we

jd`dkdf

xgi~l}g

~gyrgy

egmd`dk

mlygn}oy|

‐/jokg/obdfl/xgi‛ /jokg/obdfl/xgi‛ kg`d`wl b`d~jml~e 1  Kgkiwd} Bo`mgy |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf ~gidhdl }gksd} sgf|lksdfdf md}d+md}d

mlmd`dk b`d~jml~e &

 ]dfndsedf b`d~jml~e egmd`dk noksw}gy hwfd kgfhg}djwl fdkd d`dkd} ~|~}gk mdyl

b`d~jml~e }gy~giw} `d`w eg}leedf sgylf}dj 1

 ^|~}gk dedf kgfmg}ge~l d`dkd} b`d~jml~e mdf ild~df|d dedf kgfdkslèdf ~|~}gk

md}d b`d~jml~e ~gsgy}l 1 /mgr/~md4  /mgr/~mi4  d}dw /mgr/~mn4 *~g}lds ~|~}gk dedf kgfdkslèdf md}d d`dkd} b`d~jml~e |dfh igyigmd+igmd }gyhdf}wfh mdyl eofml~l idf|def|d sdy}l~l mdyl ~giwdj jdyml~e,&  ^gidhdl nof}oj aled d`dkd} b`d~jml~e kgfdkslèdf ~|~}gk md}d b`d~jml~e |dl}w 1

‐/mgr/~md4‛ /mgr/~md4‛ kded eg}leedf ~dad sgylf}dj 1

 Kded ~gndyd o}okd}l~ md}d+md}d |dfh dmd mlmd`dk b`~jml~e dedf m l}dkslèdf eg

md`dk bo`mgy /jokg/b`d~j&


>:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kd~we egmd`dk mlygn}oy| b`d~jml~e |dfh }gymdsd} ~nyls} xgi~l}g&

*xgi~l}gew

fdkd bo`mgy |dfh

igydmd mlmd`dk b`d~jml~e |dfh }gymdsd} md}d+md}d bl`g nof}gf} nof}gf} xgi~l}g |dfh dedf mlnos|edf sdmd jd`dkdf yoo} fdf}lf|d& ,

 Kgfhnos| jd`dkdf lfmgz&sjs d}dwswf bl`g sgfmwewfh `dlff|d |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf

~gidhdl }dksl`df jd`dkdf ~wd}w xgi~l}g egmd`dk bo`mgy yoo} |dl}w /jokg/obdfl/xgi mdyl b`d~jml~e &



Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf Dsdnjg9 xgi ~gyrgy 1

 Kgfhg}g~ Xgi ^gyrgy |dfh ~wmdj }gynofblhwyd~l&




><

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

^G]]LFH B]S ^GYRGY B}s kgkswf|dl bwfh~l |dl}w wf}we kgkigyledf de~g~ egsdmd ~giwdj n`lgf} dhdy mdsd} kgfhlylk bl`g d}dwswf igigydsd md}d egmd`dk ~giwdj ~gyrgy& Wf}we sgfhlf~}d`dff|d ~dfhd} kwmdj jdf|d kgfdkidjedf ~giwdj w~gy  mdf awhd kgkiwd} dnng~~ sgykl~~lof 888 egsdmd bo`mgy w~gy |dfh dmd mlmd`dkf|d&  Sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf |dl}w Syob}sm &

 ^g`dfaw}f|d sl`lj ~dad ^}dfmdòfg edygfd ~gyrgy el}d igymlyl ~gfmlyl&


=3

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkiwd} w~gy idyw wf}we B]S &

Kd~weedf sd~~xoym wf}we w~gy idyw mdf awhd md}d w~gy ml~dfd&

 Kgkigyledf de~g~ sgykl~~lof 888 sdmd bo`mgy w~gy |dfh igydmd mlmd`dk bo`mgy /jokg/

|dfh }g`dj mliwd} ~gig`wkf|d& ^wsd|d w~gy }gy~giw} mdsd} kgfhlylk md}d d}dwswf kgfhjdsw~ md}d mdyl Sn n`lgf} wf}we kgfhg}djwl fdkd ~giwdj w~gy |dfh dmd mlmd`dk ~gyrgy kd~we ~dad egmd`dk mlygn}oy| ‐jokg‛ * nm /jokg `d`w nge mdb}dy `l~} w~gy |dfh igywsd bo`mgy mgfhdf sgylf}dj *mly d}dw `~, &

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ds`led~l Syob}sm &

 ]g~

B]S ^gyrgy |dfh ~wmdj mleofblhwyd~l

@oh f gfhdf gfhdf w~gy w~gy mdf sd~~xoym |dfh dmd egkwmldf kgfhg}g~} `d|dfdf B]S mgfhdf kgkiwd} mlygn}oy| idyw& Aled ~we~g~ kded dedf eg`wdy sg~df Mlygn}oy| ~wnng~~bw``|


=4

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfhg}g~ `d|dfdf B]S kg`d`wl n`lgf} |dl}w mgfhdf kgkiwed Xlfmox~ gzsòygy `d`w kd~weedf fokoy LS ^gyrgy sdmd eo}de dmmyg~~ gzsòygy

b}s1//4<9&42:&4&>3

@oh f gfhdf gfhdf w~gy w~gy mdf sd~~xoym |dfh dmd egkwmldf }g~} B]S kg`d`wl n`lgf} mgfhdf kgkiwd} bo`mgy d}dw kgfhlylk bl`g egmd`dk B]S ~gyrgy&

 Lf~}d`d~l B]S }g`dj igyjd~l` dsdil`d w~gy mdsd} kgfhlylk bl`g bl`g mdf awhd igigydsd md}d ml~dfd mdf awhd mdsd} kg`dewedf kg`dewedf sgfhgngedf md}d+md}d md}d+md}d |dfh }g`dj dfmd }ydf~bgy }ydf~bgy }dml kg`d`wl kg`d`wl ~gyrgy& ~gyrgy&


=9

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@@ MJNS ^GYRGY

Bwfh~l mdyl MJNS dmd`dj wf}we kgkigyledf fokoy Ls Dmmyg~~ ~gndyd mlfdkl~ d}dw o}okd}l~ egsdmd n`lgf} ~gjlfhhd n`lgf} wf}we }gyjwiwfh egsdmd ~gyrgy }lmde mlsgy`wedf sgfhd}wydf fokoy ls n`lgf} ~gndyd kdfwd`& Kg`dlfedf ~gyrgy |dfh dedf kgfmg}ge~l ~giwdj n`lgf} mdf kgfhd}wy ls n`lgf} m d`dk ~giwdj adylfhdf&  Lf~}d`` sdeg} mjns>+~gyrgy wf}we kg`d`wedf lf~}d``d~l Mjns ^gyrgy&

 ]gedf ~dad gf}gy&

 Gml} bl`g ‐mjnsm&nofb‛ hwfd wf}we kgfhd}wy fokoy LS dmmyg~~ |d fh dedf el}d ~g}}lfh sdmd fokoy LS n`lgf}&

Gml} ~nyls} ~gsgy}l hdkidy ml~dkslfh lfhd} ydfhg dmd`dj Adfhedwdf mdyl LS Dmmyg~~ |dfh mlml~}yliw~ledf *Ml MJNS edf, egsdmd n`lgf}&


=>

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 ^g`dfaw}f|d Yg~}dy} `d|dfdf ds`led~l MJNS ^gyrgy&

 Kgfhgnge MJNS kg`d`wl n`lgf} mgfhdf Kgfh+Oi}dlf LS  kded ls dedf }gy~g}}lfh mgfhdf ~gfmlylf|d ~g~wdl sdmd nofblhwyd~l bl`g ‐mjns&nofb‛ ~gig`wkf|d }dml&

 Slfh fokoy LS ~gyrgy kg`d`wl n`lgf}

slfh 4<9&42:&4&>3


==

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^L XGI KDL@ ^GYRGY Dhdy ~g}lds n`lgf} mdsd} igyjwiwfhdf mdf igyeokwfled~l `dfh~wfh egmd`dk ~giwdj adylfhdf ~dfhd} mlsgy`wedf ~ged`l sdeg} gkdl` ~gyrgy sdmd mgildf lfl& ^gjlfhhd n`lgf} mdsd} kg`dewedf jwiwfhdf mdf eokwfled~l ~gndyd igid~ }dfsd jdyw~ }gyeofge~l d}dw }gy~dkiwfh egmd`dk ~giwdj adylfhdf lf}gyfg}&  Kgfhlf~}d`` igigydsd sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf |dl}w ^twlyyg`kdl` So~}blz Nowylgy+lkds

mdf awhd Nowylgy+sos&

 Sl`lj Fo sdmd Nofblhwyd~l Nowylgy+Id~ mlidxdj lfl &


=7

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 ^g`dfaw}f|d dedf kwfnw` Nofblhwyd~l sdmd So~}lz `d`w }gedf OE Mdf sdmd Sdnedhg

nofblhwyd~l ~g`dfaw}f|d sl`lj ~dad Lf}gyfg} ^l}g&

 @d`w kd~weedf fdkd mokdlf ònd` ~gyrgy dfmd& Mlkdfd mokdlf }gy~giw} kgywsdedf

~giwdj mokdlf gkdl` |dfh dedf el}d admledf jo~} wf}we xgi kdl` ~gyrgy el}d&


=2

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3 bl`g /g}n/so~}blz/kdlf&nb /g}n/so~}blz/kdlf&nb  Kgfhgml} bl`g

@LFWZ

* Nofblhwyd~l lfl dmd`dj nofblhwyd~l w}dkd md`dk

lf~}d`d~l xgi ~gyrgy,& ]dkidjedf mdf gml} ~nyls} ~gsgy}l hdkidy mlidxdj lfl 1

 Kgf~g}}lfh nofblhwyd~l ~twlyyg`kdl` sdmd SGY@ |dl}w /g}n/~twlyyg`kdl`/nofb&s` /g}n/~twlyyg`kdl`/nofb&s`

L~l Nokkdfm mgfhdf kgkl`lj mdf kgfhg}le fo 9 egkwmldf GF]GY

]gedf 4 egkwmldf gf}gy& Egkwmldf

kd~weedf fdkd mokdlf & ]gedf gf}gy

wf}we kg`dfaw}edf eg syo~g~ ~g`dfaw}f|d&


=8

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]gedf y egkwmldf gf}gy wf}we egkid`l eg kgfw dxd`&

 Kgf~g}}lfh fdkd ~gyrgy wf}we ~ttwlyyg`kdl`&

L~l Nokkdfm mgfhdf kgkl`lj mdf kgfhg}le jwywb m egkwmldf

GF]GY wf}we kgf~g}}lfh nofblhwyd~l LKDS

^gyrgy&

 Eg}leedf ed}d ‐Nowylgy‛ Nowylgy‛ sdmd Nokkdfm @lfg&


=:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Egkwmldf }gedf }okio` ^ `d`w egkwmldf GF]GY wf}we kgf|lksdf nofblhwyd~l &

 Wf}we eg`wdy mdyl Nokkdfm Nofblhwyd~l ^twlyyg`kdl` mld}d~ }gedf ~dad

`d`w Gf}gy&

 Kgkiwd} mlygn}oy| Kdl`mly wf}we sgf|lksdfdf md}d gkdl` mdyl ~g}lds w~gy gkdl` |dfh

}g`dj kg`dewedf sgfhlylkdf sg~df gkdl`& Mdf jd` |dfh sgy`w mlsgyjd}ledf dmd`dj Sgfw`l~df ed}d Kdl`mly jwywb ‐K‛ jdyw~ ml}w`l~ kgfhhwfdedf jwywb ndsl}d`&

 Kgkiwd} ~|k`lfe~ wf}we d`dkd} gkdl` ~gndyd o}okd}l~ &

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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfhgml} bl`g /g}n/dsdnjg9/nofb&m/~twlyyg`kdl`&nofb mdyl ~|k`lfe~ |dfh }g`dj el}d iwd} }dml&

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73

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkiwd} W~gy idyw wf}we ds`led~l gkdl` &

 Kgfhg}g~ gkdl` kg`d`wl ~gyrgy 1

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74

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgfhg}g~ jd`dkdf gkdl` |dfh }g`dj }gynofblhwyd~l mgfhdf ndyd kgfhlylkedf ~wyd} gkdl` eg w~gy

~gfmlyl ~gfmlyl }dml& @d`w Sl`lj ‐Nokso~g‛, d}dw kgfhlylk gkdl` d`dkd} w~gy `dlf *mgfhdf nd}d}df kg`dewedf sgfdkidjdf w~gy ~gsgy}l ndyd mld}d~ mgfhdf sgylf}dj ‐ obdfl1v.dmmw~gy obdfl1v.dmmw~gy fdkdw~gy‛,&

 Kgfw`l~ ~wyd} |dfh dedf mlelylk& Egkwmldf sl`lj ‐^gfm‛ &

 Egkwmldf Njgne jd`dkdf lfioz gkdl`& Aled igyjd~l` kded gkdl` |dfh }g`dj ml}w`l~ }dml dedf kwfnw` eg md`dk lfioz gkdl`kw&


79

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 ]lmde swd~ aled gkdl` jdf|d ml`dewedf sgfhgngedf kg`d`wl ~gyrgy kdyl el}d njgne gkdl`

kg`d`wl n`lgf}& Mgfhdf ndyd kd~we eg jd`dkdf Xgi Iyox~gy kw mdf kd~weedf d`dkd} gkdl` ~dkd ~gsgy}l }dml& Kded dedf kwfnw` ~gsgy}l jd`dkdf mlidxdj lfl&

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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^L SYOZ\ ^GYRGY Mgfhdf dmdf|d Syoz| jde de~g~ lf}gyfg} w~gy sdmd n`lgf} l}w md sd} mlid}d~l& Ighl}w sw`d aled w~gy dedf kgkiwed ~giwdj d`dkd} xgi~l}g& Aled syoz| }g`dj }gylf~}d`` ml md`dk eoksw}gy ~gyrgy kded ~gyrgy awhd mdsd} kgkid}d~l kdwswf kgfhd}wy kgfhd}wy ~|~}gk adylfhdf sdmd ~g}lds n`lgf}& Mgfhdf ndyd kgkiòely igigydsd ~l}w~ xgi~l}g |dfh }g`dj ml~g}}lfh sdmd nofblhwyd~l syoz| lfl&

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

Kgf|g}os `d|dfdf ~twlm |dfh } g`dj }gylf~}d``&

 Kgfhgml} nofblhwyd~l bl`g /g}n/~twlm/~twlm&nofb * bl`g ~twlm&nofb lfl kgywsdedf

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fdfo /g}n/~twlm&nofb

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Kd~weedf ed}d ewfnl ‐dw}j_sdydk fgho}ld}g

eggs_d`lrg of ‛ egkwmldf }gedf GF]GY


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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3  Gml} ~nyls} mdf Mlidxdj . ]DH1 dw}j_sdydk jdsw~ }dfmd }dfmd

mdf sdmd idyl~

@LFWZ

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}dkidjedf

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sdmd dw}j_sdydk id~ln syohydk

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 Eg}ledf }okio` B2 egkid`l hwfd kgksgykwmdj syo~g~ sgfndyldf ed}d md`dk ~giwdj

bl`g&

Kd~weedf ed}d ewfnl ‐ dn`

NOFFGN]‛ egkwmldf }gedf GF]GY


77

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Egkwmldf Gml} ~nyls} Mlidxdj . ]DH1 dn` }gsd}f|d mlidxdj dn` NOFFGN] kg}jom

NOFFGN] }dkidjedf ~nyls}~ ml idxdj lfl 1

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72

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Eg}ledf }okio` B2 egkid`l hwfd kgksgykwmdj syo~g~ sgfndyldf ed}d md`dk ~giwdj bl`g&

Kd~weedf ed}d ewfnl ‐LF^GY]‛ egkwmldf }gedf

GF]GY



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~giwdj bl`g&

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>49: ‛

egkwmldf }gedf GF]GY


78

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Mlidxdj . ]DH1 j}}s_soy} jdsw~ }dfmd . sdmd ~nyls}~ j}}s_soy} >49: mdf

}dkidjedf }ydf~sdygf} mlig`dedfhf|d

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bl`g&

Kd~weedf ed}d ewfnl ‐ndnjg_kgk

:‛


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7:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ


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wb~

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KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3 

@LFWZ

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bl`g&

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egkwmldf

}gedf GF]GY

 Mlidxdj .]DH1 ndnjg_òh jdsw~ }dfmd . mlmgsdf ~nyls}~ ndnjg_òh&

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ndnjg_~}oyg_òh& .Mgbdw`} 1 ndnjg_~}oyg_òh

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23

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ


bl`g&

Kd~weedf ed}d ewfnl ‐mf~_fdkg~gyrgy~ ‛


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bl`g&

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24

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Mlidxdj .]DH 1 lsndnjg_~lqg *fwkigy ob gf}ylg~, jdsw~ }dfmd . mlmgsdf ~nyls}~

lsndnjg_~lqg lsndnjg_òx mdf lsndnjg_jlhj & .Mgbdw`} 1

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 Kgf|lksdf ~gkwd nofblhwyd~l syoz| mgfhdf kgfgedf }okio` ‐B9‛ egkwmldf sl`lj

‐\‛wf}we ‐\‛wf}we kgf|lksdf nofblhwyd~l `d`w GF]GY &

 Kgkiwd} bl`g idyw wf}we kgkd~weedf ~l}w~ |dfh dedf ml iòne &

Obdfl1v. rlk

/g}n/~twlm/wy`

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29

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgkiwd} bl`g idyw wf}we kgkd~weedf ed}d+ed}d sgfhgnwd`ldf |dfh dedf }gyiòne&

k~gzg` r~gzg` 

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

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 Kgfad`dfedf `d|dfdf ~twlm&

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ~twlm&

 Kgfhdydjedf soy} mdyl soy} :3 eg soy} syoz| |dfh }g`dj el}d ~g}}lfhdf }dml |dl}w >49:

kg`d`wl ls}di`g~&


2>

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kgf|lksdf nofblhwyd~l ls}di`g~ sdmd bl`g /g}n/ls}di`g~ dhdy ls}di`g~ mdsd}

}gyge~gew~l ~g}g`dj noksw}gy kd}l d}dw d}dw mlyg~}dy}&

 Kgfdkidjedf ~nyls}~ sdmd bl`g /g}n/fg}xoye/lf}gybdng~& Dsdil`d }g`dj kg`dewedf

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eg}leedf sgylf}dj mlidxdj ~nyls}~ }gyidxdj ‐syg+ws ls}di`g~+

yg~}oyg 0 /g}n/ls}di`g~‛

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ~twlm&

 Kgygbyg~j `d|dfdf ~twlm |dfh ~wmdj mleofblhwyd~l &

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf fg}xoye&


2=

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kg`ljd} nofblhwyd~l syoz| kg`d`wl n`lgf} mgfhdf ~g}}lfhdf LS 1 4<9&42:&4&>3 mdf SOY] 1

>49:

Mld}d~ dmd`dj kgywsdedf ~g}}lfhdf syoz| ~gndyd kdfwd` dfmd awhd mdsd} kg`dewedf ~g}}lfhdf syoz| sdmd n`lgf} kgfadml ‐ Dw}o+mg}gn} syoz| ~g}}lfh~ boy }jl~ fg}xoye‛ fg}xoye‛& sd~~xoym |dfh }g`dj mliwd} ~gig`wk|d&  Kgkd~wedf fdkd w~gy wf}we syoz| mdf awhd sd~~xoym


27

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 Kdyl el}d njgne igigydsd d`dkd} xgi~l}g |dfh }g`dj el}d iòne kg`d`wl n`lgf} }dml

~gidhdl nof}oj kgkiwed d`dkd} xxx&bdngiooe&nok &

Wf}we kg`dewedf nofblhwyd~l syoz| kgkdfh mliw}wjedf eg}g`l}ldf mdf awhd egag`ldf mlmd`dk kg`dewedf sgfhgml}df ~nyls}& ^d`dj ~d}wf|d dmd`dj md`dk kg`dewedf sgfhgml}df bl`g ‐~twlm&nofb ‐ ~twlm&nofb ‛, ‛, mgfhdf sgylf}dj ‐fdfo ‐fdfo‛‛ wf}we kgkiwed ~giwdj bl`g |dfh kgkl`lel bl}wy+bl}wy }gy~gfmlyl&


22

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^L YOW]GY ^GYRGY ^GYRGY Yow}gy mdsd} mlsdjdkl ~gidhdl sljde eg}lhd |dfh igymlyl mldf}dyd egmwd sljde |dfh ~d`lfh igyjwiwfhdf mdf igybwfh~l ~gidhdl sgydf}dyd ~gmgkleldf jlfhhd sljde sgy}dkd mdf egmwd }lmde ~gndyd `dfh~wfh igyjwiwfhdf dedf }g}dsl egmwdf|d igyjwiwfhdf mgfhdf sgydf}dyd& Wf}we kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l yow}gy mliw}wjedf 9 edy}w @df Ndym |dfh kgfadml sgydf}dyd df}dyd n`lgf} mdf awhd yow}gy sw~d} mlkdfd edy}w `df sgy}dkd |dw}l G}j3 kgywsdedf @df ndym sgy}dkd |dfh dedf }gy~dkiwfh egmd`dk yow}gy sw~d} ~gmdfhedf G}j4 kgywsdedf @df Ndym egmwd |dfh kgfhjwiwfhedf ^gyrgy eg n`lgf}& Kded mdyl l}w ~gig`wk kg`dewedf lf~}d`d~l yow}gy el}d jdyw~ kgf|ldsedf 9 @df Ndym sdmd Sn ^gyrgy d}dw awhd ild~ kg`dewedf nofblhwyd~l d`ld~ wf}we LS egmwd mdyl ~gyrgy |dl}w g}j4& ]w}oyld` mlidxdj lfl el}d dedf kgkiwd} nofblhwyd~l Sn Yow}gy mdfhdf Kgfhhwfdedf 9 edy}w @df Ndym |dfh }g`dj }gysd~dfh ~gndyd Ofiodym d}dwswf @df Ndym ~gndyd ge~}gyfd`&  Kgfhd}wy LS dmmyg~~ sdmd @df Ndym eg 9 |dfh dedf mlnofblhwyd~l ~gidhdl G}j4&Mgfhdf

kgfhgml} nofblhwyd~l bl`g /g}n/fg}xoye/lf}gybdng~ &

^gidhdl nof}oj wf}we sgkd~dfhdf LS @df Ndym eg 9 *G}j4, ~d|d kgfhhwfdedf LS 1 4<9&42:&7&>  Kd~weedf ^nyls}~ mlidxdj lfl sdmd idhldf idyl~ }gydejly&

dw}o g}j4 lbdng g}j4 lfg} ~}d}ln dmmyg~~ 4<9&42:&7&> fg}kd~e 977&977&977&3 fg}xoye 4<9&42:&7&3 iyodmnd~} 4<9&42:&7&977


28

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ



Kgkigyl}djwedf ad`df hd}gxd| sdmd n`lgf} wf}we kgfhde~g~ lf}gyfg}&



Kgfhde}lbedf ls_boyxdym sdmd mlygn}oy| /syon/~|~/fg}/lsr=/ls_boyxdym



Kg+FD]+edf LS Dmmyg~~ Sylrd} dhdy il~d kgfhde~g~ lf}gyfg} &



Kgfad`df sgylf}dj ~nyls} sdmd Ls Boyxdym mlmd`dk bl`g ‐ ~|~n}`&nofb‛ &

Kgfhjdsw~ }dfmd sdhdy sdmd ~nyls} ‐fg}&lsr=&ls_boyxdym;4 fg}&lsr=&ls_boyxdym;4‛‛ 

Kgf|lksdf ls}di`g~ sdmd bl`g /g}n/ls}di`g~ dhdy ls}di`g~ mdsd} }gyge~gew~l ~g}g`dj noksw}gy kd}l d}dw mlyg~}dy}&

 Kgfdkidjedf ~nyls}~ sdmd bl`g /g}n/fg}xoye/lf}gybdng~



Eg}leedf ~nyls}~ mlidxdj lfl sdmd idyl~ }gyidxdj&


2:

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

FI 1 Dsdil`d ~wmdj dmd }lmde s gy`w ml}w`l~ w`dfh ~nyls}~ mld}d~ *dsdil`d dfmd ~wmdj kgfheofblhwyd~l syoz|,&



Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf fg}xoye

Nd}d}df 1 Dsdil`d dfmd kgkidfhwf ~giwdj yow}gy kded g}j3 kgywsdedf adylfhdf |dfh eg`wdy *eg lf}gyfg}, ~gmdfhedf g}j4 kgywsdedf adylfhdf |dfh eg md`dk *eg n`lgf},& Adml sdmd eofblhwyd~l mjns ~gyrgy ~gkwd LS eg n`lgf} ~gsgy}l ~wifg}f|d kgfhhwfdedf ~wifg} g}j4 fg}kd~ef|d kgfhhwfdedf fg}kd~e g}j4 ydfhg lsf|d mlmd`dk ydfhg LS Dmmyg~~ g}j4 os}lof yow}gy~ dmd`dj kgfhhwfdedf LS Dmmyg~~ g}j4& ~gmdfhedf wf}we os}lof mokdlf+ fdkg+~gyrgy~f|d kgfhhwfdedf LS Dmmyg~~ g}j3&


2<

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

^DKID ^GYRGY Dhdy SN mdsd} ~d`lfh kgfhlylkedf bl`g kdwswf kg`dewedf sylf}gy ~jdylfh df}dy n`lgf} kdwswf ~gyrgy& Sdeg} ~dkid kgywsdedf ~wd}w sdeg} mlkdfd 9 ~|~}gk osgyd~l |dfh igyigmd mdsd} kg`dewedf bl`g ^jdylfh md`dk ~giwdj adylfhdf& ]dfsd jdyw~ kgfhhwfdedf ~|~}gk osgyd~l |dfh ~dkd mdf jdyw~ kgf|g~wdledf mgfhdf ~|~}gk osgyd~l sdmd n`lgf}& 

Kgfhlf~}d`` sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf |dl}w ~dkid ~kib~ ~kin`lgf}


83

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

M JNS }gyhdf}wfh  Sl`lj 0\g~6 d}dw 0Fo6 sdmd komlb| ~ki&nofb }o w~g XLF^ ~g}}lfh byok MJNS egiw}wjdf sgfhhwfd&

 Kgkiwd} eofblhwyd~l ~dkid sdmd bl`g XOYEHYOWS sdmd ^DKID jdyw~ ~dkd mgfhdf N`lgf}

Jdsw~ }dfmd . ml mgsdf ~nyls} ~gnwyl}|


84

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

]dkidjedf ~nyls} sdmd idyl~ }gyidxdj&

U~jdyg[ sd}j ; /~jdyg rd`lm w~gy~ ; dmklf, hwg~} ygdm `l~} ; dmklf, hwg~} xyl}g `l~} ; dmklf, hwg~} ygdm of`| ; fo dmklf w~gy~ ; dmklf

nofblhwyd~l mdyl bl`g ‐~ki&nofb‛& Egkwmldf kgkiwd} bo`mgy |dfh mlhwfdedf ~gidhdl  ^drg nofblhwyd~l bo`mgy ~jdylfh& ^g~wdl mgfhdf fdkd bo`mgy sdmd eofblhwyd~l mld}d~



sd}j ; /~jdyg &

Kgkigyledf de~g~ bo`mgy /~jdyg dhdy w~gy mdsd} kgkiwed mdf kgfhde~g~ bo`mgy }gy~giw}&



Kgkiwd} w~gy |dfh dedf kgfhhwfd edf bo`mgy ~jdylfh mdyl ~gyrgy ~g~wdl mgfhdf fd kd w~gy |dfh }g`dj }gynofblhwyd~l mld}d~ |dl}w sdmd bl`g ‐~ki&nofb‛&



Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ~dkid&


89

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3 

@LFWZ

Kgkidnd mdf kg`ljd} mdb}dy d}dw fdkd bo`mgy |dfh }g`dj ml~jdyg sdmd ~|~}gk `lfwz &

Sgylf}dj wf}we kgkd~weedf yoo}“~ sd~~xoym

}gedf GF]GY ~dad *

]dfsd Sd~~xoym ,&

 Kg+kowf} bo`mgy |dfh dedf mlhwfdedf wf}we ~jdyg komg dw}jgf}lnd}lof

 Kg`dewedf sgfhgngedf ^dkid ^gyrgy kg`d`wl n`lgf}& Mgfhdf ndyd kd~we eg YWF d}dw }gedf Xlfmox~%Y & ]w`l~edf 1 PPLs^gyrgy & PP4<9&42:&4&>3


8>

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

 @ohlf }gy`gilj mdjw`w mgfhdf kgkd~weedf W~gy mdf Sd~~xoym |dfh }g`dj el}d iwd}

}dml&

 Igylew} }dksl`df ~g}g`dj el}d kg`dewedf syo~g~ òhlf&

 Egkwmldf kd~we egmd`dk bo`mgy ‐/~jdyg‛ mdf noid nos| sd~}gedf igigydsd bl`g d}dw

md}d egmd`dk bo`mgy }gygiw}  ~gy}d kgkiwd} bo`mgy mlmd`dk ~dfd& Aled igyjd~l` kded sdeg} ~dkid }g`dj mllf~}d`d~l mgfhdf idle&


8=

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

LF^]D@D^ LF^]D@D^LL ^^J ^^J Dhdy ~goydfh dmklf mdsd} kgygko}g ~wd}w md}d d}dwswf ds`led~l+ds`led~l ~gyrgy kg`d`wl N`lgf} kgfhhwfdedf ds`led~l ~gsgy}l Xlf^NS d}dwswf Sw}}|& ^^J |dfh dmd`dj ~giwdj ds`led~l |dfh jdyw~ mllf~}d`` sdmd ~gyrgy&

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Kgfhlf~}d`` sdeg} |dfh mliw}wjedf |dl}w ~~j

 Kgfofde}lbedf w~gy yoo} mgkl egkdfdf ~gyrgy &

Soy} 99

soy} mgbdw`} ~~j |dfh mlhwfdedf& Soy} il~d mlhdf}l eg fokoy |dfh eo~ofh dhdy `gilj dkdf `dhl&

Sgykl}Yoo}@ohlf fo

kgfhgiòne w~gy yoo} W~gy yoo} ml iòe sdmd de~g~ ygko}g dhdy }gyadhd egdkdfdff|d mdf }lmde ml~d`djhwfdedf&

 Kgyg~}dy} `d|dfdf ~~j


87

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ

NOKKDFM SDMD @LFWZ d, rlk

1 Mlhwfdedf wf}we kgkiwed bl`g&

i, Fdfo

1 Mlhwfdedf wf}we kgkiwed d}dw kgkiwd} bl`g&

n, 1xt

1 Wf}we eg`wdy mdf kgf|lksdf eofblhwyd~l

m, 1t$

1 Wf}we eg`wdy }dfsd kgf|lksdf eofblhwyd~l

g, N}y`%O

d}dw B9

1 Kgf|lksdf eofblhwyd~l fdfo

b, N}y`%Z

1 Wf}we eg`wdy mdyl eofblhwyd~l fdfo

h, Yk

1 Kgfhjdsw~ bl`g

j, Ykmly

1 Kgfhjdsw~ mlyge}oyl

l,

Kemly

1 Kgkiwd} mlyge}oyl

a,

Nm

1 Kgfhde~g~ / eg`wdy mdyl mlyge}oyl

e, F~òoews

1 Kgfhg}g~ eofblhwyd~l MF^ ^gyrgy

`,

1 Kgfhg}g~ eofge~l mdyl LS

Slfh

k, @lfe~

1 Kgkiwed d`dkd} `lfe~ mdyl Xgi ^gyrgy

f, @~

1 Kgfdkslèdf l~l mlyge}oyl

o, Ygioo}

1 Kgyg~}dy} ~|~}gk

s, Jd`}

1 Kgkd}ledf ~|~}gk

t, Kr

1 Kgfhhdf}l fdkd bl`g / mlyge}oyl

y, Njkom

1 Kgfdkidj mdf kgfhwydfhl lqlf sgkdedl wf}we kgfhde~g~

bl`g / mlyge}oyl ~, Kowf}

1 Kg+kowf} bl`g ~|~}gk eg ~wd}w bl`g / mlyge}oyl

}, @lfwz+lfl}

1 Kgfad`dfedf `lfwz ~gyrgy

w, Yow}g dmm mgbdw`} hx

1 Wf}we kgfdkidjedf ls yow}gy

r, Yow}g mg` mgbdw`} hx

1 Wf}we kgfhjdsw~ ls yow}gy |dfh mldfhhds sgy`w

x, Ds}+hg} lf~}d``

1 Wf}we kgfhl~}d`` ds`led~l

z, Ds}+hg} wsmd}g

1 Wf}we kgfhwsmd}g ds`led~l


82

KOMW@ MGILDF 7&3

@LFWZ


88

MODUL DEBIAN 5.0

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