Efkstm pfr mg prmsmktm nfeubmktf mg Efktrjtf nm Gfejeiõk nm Umrvieifs (mk jnmgjktm, mg ‗Efktrjtf‒), qum emgmlrjk nm ukj pjrtm , inmkticiejnj efk \.].E. K¸ , rmprmsmktjnj pfr su omrmktm omkmrjg, Ur/Urj. , efk N.K.I. K¸ , efk pfnmr ikseritf mk gj pjrtinj mgmetrõkiej K¸ nmg \moistrf nm Pmrsfkjs Hurâniejs nm Gibj, efk nfbieigif mk , j quimk mk jnmgjktm sm gm nmkfbikjrê y nm gj ftrj pjrtm , inmkticiejnj efk N.K.I. K¸ Q*R, efk nfbieigif mk Q*R, nistritf nm Q*R, j quimk mk jnmgjktm sm gm nmkfbikjrê mk gfs térbikfs y efknieifkms siouimktms
c)
o)
d) ms ukj pmrsfkj hurâniej hurâniej privjnj privjnj euyf flhmtf flhmtf sfeijg sfeijg ms ms Q*R. Q*R. i) Pfr su pjrtm, ms ukj pmrsfkj kjturjg qum sm nmniej j efbpjrtir efktmkinfs mk nicmrmktms ejkjgms nioitjgms, mspmeijgbmktm mk gjs eumktjs nm rmnms sfeijgms nmtjggjnjs mk mg Jkmxf : (mk jnmgjktm, gfs ‗Ejkjgms‒) y ms rmefkfeinf pfr su orjk ejktinjn nm smouinfrms y su ejpjeinjn nm omkmrjr mkojombmkt (rmspumstjs, efbmktjrifs y giams j sus pulgiejeifkms). efktrjtj j pjrj qum mk cfrbj pmrsfkjg prmstm gfs Umrvieifs nm Prfbfeiõk nm gfs prfnuetfs qum MG JK]KEIJK^M gm mkejroum pfr eujgquimr bmnif (efrrmf mgmetrõkief, _djtsJpp, rmnms sfeijgms, ggjbjnj tmgmcõkiej, mte.), j trjvés nm sus Ejkjgms (mk jnmgjktm, ‗mg Umrvieif‒). Pfr gf tjktf, rmjgizjrê mg Umrvieif sfgieitjnf, mkefktrêknfsm nmktrf nm sus cukeifkms prikeipjgms gjs siouimktms jetivinjnms8 j)
l)
e)
n)
m)
Omkmrjeiõk nm efktmkinfs mk sus ejkjgms nioitjgms y/f rmnms sfeijgms nm gfs prfnuetfs nm qum rmsjgtmk sus ejrjetmrâstiejs pfsitivjs Pulgiejr mg efktmkinf qum gm mkefbimknm f efktmkinfs nm su ermjeiõk jgikmjnfs efk gjs nirmetivjs m ikstrueeifkms nm mk gfs efktmkinfs pulgiejnfs mk gfs Ejkjgms. Bmkeifkjr gj bjrej y prfnuetfs nm nm bjkmrj smbjkjg/bmksujg QIkniejr pmrifnieinjnR mk gfs Ejkjgms. Jsistir j gfs mvmktfs frojkizjnfs pfr y pulgiejr efktmkinf mk gfs Ejkjgms sflrm gfs bisbfs. Ikniejr mk ejnj ukj nm gjs pulgiejeifkms qum rmjgiem mk eubpgibimktf nm mstm efktrjtf qum jqumggjs efrrmspfknmk j ukj efgjlfrjeiõk pjojnj f juspieijnj pjrj gf eujg nmlmrê utigizjr gfs djsdtjos #jn #pjin #pulgieinjn #efktmkinfjuspieijnf f
eujgquimr ftrf djsdtjo qum nmhm egjrj gj kjturjgmzj nm gjs pulgiejeifkms. Efksmrvjr gj ibjomk y rmputjeiõk qum pfsmm jg bfbmktf nm gj suseripeiõk nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf y kf ikvfguerjrsm mk jetfs rmúinfs efk gj bfrjg y gjs lumkjs efstublrms. Djemrsm pmrsfkjgbmktm rmspfksjlgm y bjktmkmr iknmbkm j MG JK]KEIJK^M pfr tfnjs gjs nmegjrjeifkms y fpikifkms qum mbitj cumrj nmg êblitf nm mstm efktrjtf. Bjktmkmr f ikermbmktjr mg kubmrf nm smouinfrms y mg mkojombmkt nm sus Ejkjgms. Q*R
Pfr mg prmsmktm efktrjtf, sm flgioj j prmstjr mg Umrvieif bjtmrij nm efktrjtjeiõk pfr uk pmrifnf nm Q*R (Q*R) bmsms, efktjligizjnfs nmsnm mg Q*R djstj Q*R, nm jeumrnf j gfs rmqumribimktfs, mspmeiciejeifkms, nirmetivjs m ikstrueeifkms qum fpfrtukjbmktm smrêk ikniejnfs pfr , pgjzf qum pfnrê smr rmkfvjlgm prmvif jeumrnf mxprmsf sflrm mg bisbf, qum sm ljsjrê mk gfs rmsugtjnfs nm gfs flhmtivfs mspmrjnfs pfr mg Umrvieif efktrjtjnf. Pfr gj prmstjeiõk nmg smrvieif, gm jlfkjrê j efbf efktrjprmstjeiõk gj subj jsemknmktm j U/. Q*R (Q*R y 00/:00 Ufgms) pfr ejnj Qikniejr ukinjn nm bmnieiõkR. nmlmrê mbitir mg efbprfljktm nm pjof rmspmetivf pfr mg Umrvieif prmstjnf mk cfrbj bmksujg, prmvij efkcfrbinjn nm , efknieifkjnf mg pjof j gj rmempeiõk efkcfrbm nm gfs smrvieifs, ms nmeir, sik qum mxistj rmegjbf f qumhj jgoukj pfr pjrtm nm . kf pfnrê rmegjbjr subj jnieifkjg jgoukj qum sm rmgjeifkm efk gj mhmeueiõk nm mstm efktrjtf, j kf smr qum dulimrj jutfrizjnf mxprmsjbmktm y pfr mseritf gj rmjgizjeiõk nm nmtmrbikjnfs ojstfs y/f smrvieifs jnieifkjgms. Gjs mstipugjeifkms nmtjggjnjs mk gjs egêusugjs jktmrifrms nmlmrêk mktmknmrsm efbf ukj gibitjktm pjrj , quimk kf pfnrê lriknjr sus smrvieifs y rmjgizjr ftrjs jetivinjnms nm bjkmrj omkmrjg j eujgquimr pmrsfkj hurâniej f kjturjg qum msté iktmrmsjnj mk efktrjtjr sus smrvieifs sibugtêkmjbmktm efk gfs smrvieifs qum gm lriknjrê j , mk tjg smktinf kf pfnrê prfbfeifkjr prfnuetfs f smrvieifs nm tmremrfs sibigjrms j gfs nm f nm mbprmsjs qum efbpitjk nirmetj f iknirmetjbmktm efk bimktrjs nurm mg pgjzf nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf.
\mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs efbpjrtm mstm nfeubmktf økiejbmktm pjrj qum sirvj nm ljsm pjrj su niseusiõk y mvjgujeiõk. \mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs kf ojrjktizj su infkminjn pjrj jgoøk kmofeif mspmeâcief ki pumnm ojrjktizjr qum mk gj cmedj mk qum smj efksugtjnf mg bisbf sm mkeumktrm jetujgizjnf f jnmeujnf j cuturjs bfniciejeifkms gmojgms. Mk ejsf nm nunj, rmefbmknjbfs efksugtjr efk sus jsmsfrms gmojgms f j
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Mg ikeubpgibimktf pfr pjrtm nm nm eujgquimrj nm gjs flgiojeifkms efktmkinjs mk gj prmsmktm egêusugj, cjeugtjrê j j ikieijr gjs jeeifkms gmojgms qum punimrjk efrrmspfknmr mk nmcmksj nm sus nmrmedfs y j fltmkmr gj iknmbkizjeiõk pfr njúfs y pmrhuieifs j qum dulimrj guojr. smrê mg prfpimtjrif nmg efktmkinf ermjnf y sulinf mk sus ejkjgms nioitjgms y/f rmnms sfeijgms efk mg cik nm mhmeutjr gfs smrvieifs bjtmrij nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf. Pfr su pjrtm, tmknrê uk nmrmedf nm usf ukivmrsjg, pmrbjkmktm, orjtuitf y mxegusivf rmspmetf j niedf efktmkinf. prfpfreifkjrê mg efktmkinf m ikcfrbjeiõk kmemsjrij pjrj qum pumnj rmjgizjr gfs Umrvieifs j su ejrof. nmlmrê prmstjr gfs smrvieifs nirmetjbmktm pfr gf qum kf pfnrê sul efktrjtjr gfs bisbfs sjgvf qum bmnim jutfrizjeiõk mxprmsj nm .
cfrbj
egjrj,
efbpjrtirê mg efktmkinf nm ukj frioikjg y mk lmkmcieif nm
kf pfnrê emnmr, tftjg f pjreijgbmktm, su pfsieiõk efktrjetujg, ki sus nmrmedfs u flgiojeifkms nmrivjnjs nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf, sjgvf efksmktibimktf prmvif y pfr mseritf nm . ms rmspfksjlgm nmg efktmkinf qum efbpjrtm mk sus ejkjgms nioitjgms y/f rmnms sfeijgms, pfr mknm, sm efbprfbmtm j bjktmkmr ukj lumkj ibjomk y kf efbpjrtir efktmkinf qum jcmetm gj rmputjeiõk m ibjomk nm
nmlmrê
utigizjr
efktmkinf prfpfreifkjnf pfr efktmkinf prfpif (ermjnf pfr ) f efktmkinf sflrm mg qum eumktm efk jutfrizjeiõk f giemkeij nm usf pfr gf qum sm flgioj j bjktmkmr iknmbkm j mk ejsf nm eujgquimr rmegjbf nm tmremrfs rmgjtivf j gj prfpimnjn f jg usf nm niedfs efktmkinfs Gjs pjrtms nmhjk mxprmsjbmktm mstjlgmeinf qum mg prmsmktm nfeubmktf y mg efktrjtf pjrtieugjr timkmk kjturjgmzj eivig y kf ibpfrtjk rmgjeiõk nm sulfrnikjeiõk ki nmpmknmkeij jgoukj efk . Mk tjg smktinf, kf jsubm vâkeugf gjlfrjg jgoukf efk f efk gjs tmremrjs pmrsfkjs qum punimrjk nmpmknmr nm f qum éstj utigiem pjrj gj prmstjeiõk nmg smrvieif, efkstituymknf mggf, pgmkj rmspfksjliginjn nm Nmg bisbf bfnf,
kf sm mkeumktrj cjeugtjnf j emgmlrjr efktrjtfs f jsubir flgiojeifkms f efbprfbisfs mk kfblrm nm sm flgioj j jsubir gj rmspfksjliginjn nm eujgquimr rmegjbf qum punimrj smr iktmrpumstf pfr eujgquimr tmremrf efktrj rmspmetf j rmegjbfs rmgjtivfs j gj prmstjeiõk pjreijg, tjrnâj f nmcmetufsj nm gjs flgiojeifkms bjtmrij nm mstm efktrjtf. Ui j pmsjr nm gf jktmrifr, sm vimrj mk gj kmemsinjn nm mkcrmktjr kmofeijeifkms, ikvmstiojeifkms, prfemsfs hunieijgms f jnbikistrjtivfs jg rmspmetf, nmlmrê rmsjreir j tfnfs gfs ojstfs hunieijgms, mxtrjhunieijgms y efstfs nm nmcmksj qum efrrmspfknjk. Jsibisbf, si eujgquimr jutfrinjn ibputjrj rmspfksjliginjn j flgioêknfgj jg pjof nm sjkeifkms pmeukijrijs, bfktfs iknmbkizjtfrifs f eujgquimr ftrj subj nm nikmrf, éstjs smrêk pjojnjs pfr , f si cumrjk pjojnjs pfr , smrêk rmmblfgsjnjs pfr . ^fnf mggf, sik pmrhuieif nm gj rmspfksjliginjn qum punimrj efrrmspfknmrgm pfr eujgquimr njúf f pmrhuieif ugtmrifr j . nmegjrj qum gj gfs smrvieifs j ejrof nm kf jutfrizj mg trjtjbimktf nm njtfs pmrsfkjgms nm tmremrjs pmrsfkjs (mk jnmgjktm, gfs ‗Njtfs Pmrsfkjgms‒). Mk tjg smktinf, kf timkm efbf flgiojeiõk rmjgizjr mg trjtjbimktf nm gfs njtfs pmrsfkjgms nm sus smouinfrms efbf efksmeumkeij nm gj mhmeueiõk nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf. Pfr mknm, nmegjrj gf siouimktm8 (j) gj mhmeueiõk nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf kf timkm efbf flhmtivf gj trjksbisiõk y mktrmoj nm gfs Njtfs Pmrsfkjgms nm sus smouinfrms j (l) kf nmlm smr efksinmrjnf efbf ^itugjr nm gj Ljsm nm Njtfs1 (e) sm flgioj j sjgir mk nmcmksj nm y bjktmkmrgf iknmbkm nm eujgquimr njúf f efstf qum nmlj jsubir mk mg mvmktf nm eujgquimr rmegjbjeiõk nm gfs titugjrms nm gfs Njtfs Pmrsfkjgms. prmstjeiõk
nm
Pfr su pjrtm, sm flgioj j kf rmjgizjr mg trjtjbimktf nm gfs Njtfs Pmrsfkjgms nm sus smouinfrms mk kfblrm nm timkm gj flgiojeiõk nm oujrnjr tftjg y jlsfgutj rmsmrvj, djstj nmspués nm eikef (=) júfs nm tmrbikjnf mg prmsmktm efktrjtf, sflrm tfnf tipf nm ikcfrbjeiõk rmgjeifkjnj efk gjs jetivinjnms y mstrjtmoijs efbmreijgms nm , ikeguinjs gj ejginjn, ejpjeinjn, uliejeiõk nm éstj, ejrjetmrâstiejs nm mquipfs y prfemnibimktfs iktmrkfs, gj tmekfgfoâj jpgiejnj, y mk omkmrjg, rmspmetf j tfnf tipf nm efkfeibimktf m ikcfrbjeiõk j qum dulimrj tmkinf jeemsf efbf efksmeumkeij nm gfs smrvieifs qum
\mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs efbpjrtm mstm nfeubmktf økiejbmktm pjrj qum sirvj nm ljsm pjrj su niseusiõk y mvjgujeiõk. \mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs kf ojrjktizj su infkminjn pjrj jgoøk kmofeif mspmeâcief ki pumnm ojrjktizjr qum mk gj cmedj mk qum smj efksugtjnf mg bisbf sm mkeumktrm jetujgizjnf f jnmeujnf j cuturjs bfniciejeifkms gmojgms. Mk ejsf nm nunj, rmefbmknjbfs efksugtjr efk sus jsmsfrms gmojgms f j
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gm prmstjrê j mk virtun nm mstm efktrjtf1 qumnjknf prfdilinf nm utigizjr niedj ikcfrbjeiõk y efkfeibimktfs pjrj sâ f pjrj tmremrfs jsâ efbf j nivugojrgj nurjktm mg rmcmrinf pgjzf. Mg ikeubpgibimktf nm mstj flgiojeiõk njrê guojr j gjs sjkeifkms efrrmspfknimktms, jsâ efbf gjs jeeifkms gmojgms pfr gfs njúfs y pmrhuieifs fejsifkjnfs.
tfnjs gjs eitjeifkms, efbukiejeifkms y kfticiejeifkms j qum dulimrj guojr, rmefkfeimknf efbf vêginjs, gjs eitjnjs efbukiejeifkms qum ggmoumk j niedf nfbieigif, sjgvf qum efk jktmrifrinjn dulimrj efbukiejnf j , vjrijeiõk nfbieigijrij nmktrf nm mg rjnif urljkf nm gj eiunjn nm Gibj.
Gjs pjrtms efkvimkmk mxprmsjbmktm qum mg prmsmktm efktrjtf pfnrê rmsfgvmrsm mk gfs siouimktms ejsfs8 (i) ikeubpgibimktf pfr pjrtm nm mk mg pjof nm gj rmtrilueiõk mk gj fpfrtukinjn efkvmkinj, simbprm qum kf dulimrj bmnijnf ikeubpgibimktf nm y prmvif rmqumribimktf nm eursjnf efk nimz (:0) nâjs nm jktieipjeiõk1 (ii) ikeubpgibimktf pfr pjrtm nm mk gj mhmeueiõk nmg Umrvieif smoøk gf mstjlgmeinf1 (iii) emsiõk pfr pjrtm nm nm su pfsieiõk efktrjetujg, sus nmrmedfs f sus flgiojeifkms j tmremrfs sik mg efksmktibimktf prmvif y pfr mseritf nm .
Mg prmsmktm efktrjtf qumnj sfbmtinf j gjs gmyms pmrujkjs. Mk ejsf sm suseitm eujgquimr efktrfvmrsij efk fejsiõk nmg prmsmktm efktrjtf, gjs pjrtms sm sfbmtmrêk j gj hurisnieeiõk nm gfs Humems y ^rilukjgms nmg nistritf Hunieijg nm Gibj Emrejnf, y mk gf qum efrrmspfknj, j gj efbpmtmkeij tmrritfrijg nm gjs jutfrinjnms jnbikistrjtivjs nm gj prfvikeij nm Gibj, djeimknf rmkukeij jg cumrf qum gms punimrj efrrmspfknmr mk rjzõk nm sus rmspmetivfs nfbieigifs. Um suserilm mg prmsmktm efktrjtf mk Gibj j gfs Q*R nâjs nmg bms nm Q*R nm Q*R.
Mk eujgquimrj nm gfs ejsfs eitjnfs jktmrifrbmktm gj rmsfgueiõk sm prfnuem nm pgmkf nmrmedf ljstjknf pjrj mggf qum gj pjrtm iktmrmsjnj efbukiqum j gj ftrj qum quimrm vjgmrsm nm gj egêusugj rmsfgutfrij, nm jeumrnf efk gf mstjlgmeinf pfr mg jrtâeugf :>50° nmg Eõniof Eivig. smújgj efbf su nfbieigif, mg ikniejnf mk gj iktrfnueeiõk nm mstm efktrjtf, nfknm vêginjbmktm sm gm mcmetujrêk
:. <. 5. >.
\mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs efbpjrtm mstm nfeubmktf økiejbmktm pjrj qum sirvj nm ljsm pjrj su niseusiõk y mvjgujeiõk. \mvfrmnf Jlfojnfs kf ojrjktizj su infkminjn pjrj jgoøk kmofeif mspmeâcief ki pumnm ojrjktizjr qum mk gj cmedj mk qum smj efksugtjnf mg bisbf sm mkeumktrm jetujgizjnf f jnmeujnf j cuturjs bfniciejeifkms gmojgms. Mk ejsf nm nunj, rmefbmknjbfs efksugtjr efk sus jsmsfrms gmojgms f j
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