This article is limited in scope to standard testing procedures for transformers prior to installation, with their general purpose and methodology.
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Modelling of transformers in PSS/E Figure 1 represents the internal PSS/E model for the two winding transformer model and Figure 2 resents its approximated transformer model. In this model Z represents the series impedance and Y m represents the magnetizing admittance [1],[2].
Figure 1: PSS/E Transformer models of two tw o winding transformer model
Figure 2: Standard PSS/E two winding Transformer circuit
Modelling of two winding transformers in PSS/E requires following minimum parameters. They are,
Winding 1& 2 ratio (pu) = 1pu:1pu ratio was set in the model.
Winding 1&2 Nominal Voltage (kV) = Respective voltages of th e buses was entered in the model.
Winding MVA = 100MVA which is the default power base was set.
Rate A (MVA) = Transformer capacity.
Rate B (MVA) = The contingency rating is set 120% of the Rate A.
Series Resistance R (pu) = assumed to be neg ligible.
Series Reactance X (pu) = Since the series resistance was assumed to be negligible, reactance (X) was assumed to be equal to the percentage impedance (Z).
Shunt Conductance G (pu) = Assumed to be negligible.
Shunt Susceptance B (pu) = Assumed to be negligible.
References
[1]
“PSS®E 33.2 Program Operation Manual.” Siemens Industry, Inc. Siemens Power
Technologies International. [2]
“Transformers in the positive sequence,” in Program Application Guide, vol. 1, 2 vols.,
