INDEX 1.ABSTRACT 2.INTRODUCTION 3.MOBILE SIGNAL JAMMER 4.BLOCK DIAGRAM 4.1 POWER SUPPLY 4.1.1 ADAPTER 4.2 TIMER 4.3 TUNING CIRCUIT 4.4 RF AMPLIFIER 4.5 RF ANTENNA 5.HARD WARE COMPONENTS 5.1 RESISTORS 5.2 CAPACITORS 5.3 INDUCTORS
5.4 DIODE 5.5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 5.6 TRANSISTOR 5.7 TRANSFORMER 5.8 RECTIFIER 5.9 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 5.10 FILTER 5.11 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 5.12 WIRES 5.13 HEAT SINK 5.14 SWITCH 6.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 7. WORKING 8.INSTALLATION 9.SPECIFICATONS 10.APPLICATIONS
11.ADVANTAGES 12.FUTURE SCOPE 13.CONCLUSION 14.BIBILOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT Mobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving (or) transmitting signals with the base stations mobile jammer effectively disable mobile phones with in the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means mobile jammers can be used in practically any location but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples, hospitals, schools, colleges etc. As with other radio jamming, mobile jammers block mobile phones use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies, that mobile phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication b/w the mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable. Upon activating mobile jammers, all mobiles will indicate ‘NO NETWORK’. Incoming calls are blocked as it the mobile phones were off, all mobile phones will automatically, reestablish communications and provides full services. The last few years have witnessed a dramatic boom in the wireless communications industry hence, increasing the no of users in mobile communication devices. This magnified the need for a more efficient reliable signal scrambler. This project deals with the mobile jamming technology. The concept of jamming technology is studied in step-by-step approach. The mobile jammer works in the frequently range as shown below, GSM CDMA DCS 3G1 3g2
- 900 MHZ - 800 MHz - 1800 – 1900 MHz - 2000 MHz ((or) 2GHZ) - 2100 MHz
INTRODUCTION Disrupting a cell phone is same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower/Base station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas can cells. As a cell phone user drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower. A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies, as the cell phone, disrupting the communication b/w the phone and base station in the tower. It a called as an denial of service attack the jammer devices service of radio spectrum, to the cell phone users with in the range of jamming device . How does mobile phone work? In order to remain portable mobile phones used to have relatively compact antennas and use a small amount of power. The means that mobile phones can send a signal over only a very short range, just like a walkietalkie. The cellular network however, enables you to spread the latest gossip regardless of how far away your friends are, this is done by dividing upland into a patch work of cells hexagonal areas of land each equipped with their own phone most (also called as base station). How towers work? When you lock at a cell tower, often there are multiple triangular platform going up the pole. These usually belong to separate carriers.
The platforms are triangular, so the 360⁰ coverage can be subdivided again into 40⁰slices for pin pointed coverage’s. These station pi9cks up the weak signal from you phones and relay it awards it to another phone mast (station) nearer to you friend and I you’re on the more while you talk you phones switches station as you to without interrupting your call. How cell phone call works? Cell phones are radio devices, they communicate by transmitting and receiving voice over an area first, a cell phone radios the nearest cell towers(or site) when you make a call or turns your phone On-your phone sends a message via radio that pick up by the tower station. Next, a wire or fiber optic line carriers the call down the wireless access point, connected to multiple switch. The call gets routed to a back have usually down to an underground. Wired T₁(or) T₃ line, but sometimes back up the mast to a power full LOS wireless microwave antenna . The incoming call (or) data comes back from back have and up through the switch to antenna where it then hits your phone, if you are removing then there is a hand off- a new but more or less identical cell site transmits the data to your phone, once your phone checks in. What frequency ranges are used for mobile communication? Modern mobile communications use EM fields to exchange the information b/’w mobile phones & BS, i.e., to transmit speech and data mobile communications use certain frequency ranges to transmit this type of information.
Frequency range mostly consists of 2 frequency bands on half of frequency band called the up line is used to transmit data from mobile phone to the base stations. The other half of frequency band is used to transmit data from base station to mobile phone called as downlink. There are 3 different frequency bands on which mobile phones are usually oprates and these are 1. Dual band 2. Tri band 3. Quad band Dual band operates on 2 frequency bands, they are 1. 900 MHz 2. 1800 MHz spectrum Tri band operates on 3 frequency bands, they are 1. 900MHz 2. 1800 MHz 3. 1900 MHz Quad band operates on 4 frequency bands, they are 1.850 MHz 2. 900 MHz 3. 1800 MHz 4. 1900 MHz.
MOBILE SIGNAL JAMMER DESCRIPTION
Basics of cell phone jamming
Cell phones work by communicating with a service network through the utilization of cellular towers (or) base stations. Individual towers partition cities into small sections called as cells. As a cell phone user transverse the cells in an area, the signal is passed from tower to tower. Jamming devices take advantage of this fact by transmitting on the spectrum of RF used by cellular devices. Through its concurrent transmission. The jamming devices are wave to disrupt the 2-way communication b/w the phone and base station. This form of a denial – of service attack inhabits all cellular communication within the range of device. Through the transmission of a high power signal on the same frequency of a cell phone, the jamming device creates a competing signal that covides with and in effect can cells out the cellular signal cellular phones, which are designed to increase the power in the case of low levels of interference, react to this interference. Consequently, jamming devices must be aware of any increases in power by the cellular device and match that power level, accordingly. As cellular telephones are full – duplex devices utilizing the 2 separate frequencies (one of talking, one for listening, where all parties to call can talk at the sometime as opposed to half – duplex walkie-talkies and CBs) , any removal of one of these frequencies tricks the phone into thinking there is no cellular service consequently, the jammer need only block on of frequencies. The less complex jammers can only block a specific frequencies group while the more complex jammers can block several different networks thus preventing dual (or) tri mode phones from switching to a different network, with an open signal. Jammers are able to broadcast on any frequency and can interrupt AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, DCS, PCS,
IDEN and Nextel systems. The efficient range of a jammer is dependent upon the strength of its power source and the immediate physical environment (hills/walls which may block the jamming signal). Lower powered jammers have a call block range of about 30m while higher power units can create a cellular signal free zone about the size of a foot hall field. In addition, certain units applied by law enforcement have been known to shut down cellular service approximately 1 mile from the jamming device.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply The electronic circuits like amplifiers, oscillators require a source of DC power. Electronic gadgets like radio, tape recorder, TV etc are combination of several amplifiers and oscillators. The digital CKIS like computers, digital meters etc. are also requires a source of DC power to drive than. The sources of DC Power are batteries and DC generators. Batteries are used for power supply in portable equipment. But batteries are rarely used for this purpose as they are costly and require frequency replacement. The rechargeable batteries of course also require DC source to charge it. The AC signal is readily available from generating stations and are also very ceap. DC power for electronic circuits is most conveniently obtained from AC lines by using rectifier filter regulator called a power supply. Regulated DC power supply: A DC power supply, which converts AC into DC and maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of AC mains fluctuations (or) load variations is known as regulated DC power supply. A power supply consists of rectifier, filter and regulator. The conversion of AC voltage into steady voltage is carried out by means of rectifier. In order to remove the alternating component of rectified output (Ripple), we need a filter. To obtain constant output voltage irrespective of load variations (or) a supply variation, we need a regulator.
ADOPTER
ADOPTER It converts high power AC to low power DC. The circuit diagram of adopter is as shown below.
Step down transformer is used to reduce the voltage of secondary winding from primary winding. There bridge rectifier is used in order to convert AC I/P voltage to pulsated DC, which also contains some ripples. These ripples are then given to capacitor, which is used to reduce the ripple contents. Then the o/p is given to the IC 7805, voltage regulator, which regulates the o/p voltage to 5v and then it is given to the mobile signal jammer as a power supply.
The Adopter mainly uses a transformer of turns ratio 60: 1, a bridge rectifier and regulator. This introduces a bulky, costly transformer into the design but, it is more efficient.
PROS: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Easiest to implement Designed for medium current loads Full isolation Relatively inexpensive
CONS 1. Fairly inefficient 2. Bulky
TIMER
TIMER For generating accurate time delay, a 555 timer circuit is used. In most of the industries, operations are scheduled according to specific time requirements. To achieve such timing requirements the timer 555 is popularly used to build the timing circuits. The basic operation of timer IC 555 can be explained by its use as monostable circuits. It is basically monolithic timer circuit which can be used in many applications such as monostable and astable multivibrators, linear ramp generator missing the pulse detector, pulse width modulator etc.,
Functions of pins: Pin 1: Ground All voltages are measured with respect to this terminal Pin 2: Trigger The IC 555 uses 2 comparators. The voltage divider consists of 3 equal resistances. Due to voltage divider the voltage of non – terminal of comparator 2 is fixed to VCC /3. The inverting input of comparator 2 which is compared with VCC/3 is nothing but trigger I/p brought out as pin 2 when the trigger I/p is slightly less than VCC/3, the comparator 2 output goes high. The O/p is given to reset input of RS flip flop. So much output of comparator 2 resets the Flip – Flop. Pin 3: Output The complementary signal output Q of F/F goes to pin 3 which is the output. The load can be connected in 2 ways. One between Pin 3 and ground; while the other b/w pin 3 and pin 8. Pin 4:Reset This is an interrupt to the timing device, when pin 4 grounded it stops the working of device and makes it off. Thus pin 4 provides on / off
feature to IC 555. This reset input over rides all other functions within the timer when it is momentarily grounded. Pin 5: control voltage input In most of applications, external control voltage input isn’t used. This pin is nothing but the inverting input terminal of comparator-1. The voltage divider holds the voltage input 2/3 VCC. This ret level comparator, with which threshold is compared.
It reference level required is other
required is other than 2/3 VCC for comparator1, the external input is to be given to pin 5. Pin 6:Threshold This non inverting input terminal of con-1, the external voltage is applied to this pin 6. When this voltage is more than 2/3 VCC, the comp -1 output sets the F/F. This makes Q of F/F high and Q low. Thus O/p of IC 555 at pin3 goes low. Pin 7: Discharge This pin is connected to the collector of discharge transistor Qd. When the O/p is high than Q is low and transistor Qd is off. It acts as an open circuit to be external capacitor C to be connected across it, so capacitor C can charge when O/p is low, Q is high, which drives the base of Qd high, driving transistor is Qd in saturation. It acts as short circuit, shorting the external capacitor C to be connected across it. Pin 8:supply The IC 555 timer can work with any supply voltage b/w 4.0 v to 16v.
TUNING CIRCUIT
TUNING CIRCUIT A tuning circuit having a coil and a capacitor comprises a resistance – adjustment circuit connected in parallel with a coil and the capacitor. The resistance adjustment circuit changes a resistance of turning circuit when resonant. The LC circuit also called as resonant circuit, tank circuit (or) tuned circuit, it is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by a letter ‘L’ and capacitor represented by ‘C” connected together. The CKT acts as an electrical resonator. LC circuits are used for either generating signals at a particular frequency (or) picking out a signal at particular frequency from a more complex signal. An LC circuit is an idealized model since it assumes there is no dissipation of energy due to resistance. Any practical implementation of an LC circuit will always include loss resulting from small but non – zero resistance within the components and connecting wires. The purpose of an LC circuit is usually to oscillate with minimal damping.
RF POWER AMPLIFIER
RF power amplifier: RF power amplifier are used in wide variety of applications including wireless communication, TV transmission, RADAR and RF heating. The basic techniques for RF power amplication can use classes as A,B,C,D,E & F, frequencies ranging from VLF through Microwave frequencies. The RF output power can range from few mw to MW, depending upon application. The introduction of solid state RF power devices brought the use of wire voltage, higher currents and low load resistances. The most important parameters that defines an RF power amplifier are; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Output power Gain Linearity Stability DC supply voltage Efficiency Ruggedness The power class of amplification determines the type of bias applied
to RF power transistor. The power amplifier’s efficiency is a measure of its ability to convert DC power of the supply into signal power delivered to the load. In this, MRF 94751 is used as an RK power amplifier.
RF ANTENNA
RF ANTENNA
RF SPECIFICATIONS General: Frequency range: 800MHz-2100MHz Polarization: vertical Pattern : omni directional Performance gain : +3dB 30KHz-32 MHz,rising to +/- 12 dB at 500MHz Noise figure : 3.5dB at 500MHz Power: Power required : 12 volts DC, 85 mA max (PS not included) Control units: Voltage to antenna : 12v Dc , 85 mA max Noise rejection : 770 dB with respect to output voltage. Physical: Antenna size: 16 inches(40 cm)
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
RESISTOR: The flow of charge (or) current through any material encounters an opposing force. This opposing force is called as ‘Resistance of the material”
Resistors are used as a part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. They are extremely common place in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various components and films, as well as resistance wire [wire made of a high –resistivity alloy, such as nickel chrome]. Primary characteristics of resistors are their resistance and the power they can dissipate. Other characteristics include temperature co-efficient, noise and inductance, less well – known is critical resistance the value between which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow, and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions, its determined by design. Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well integrated circuits. Since position of leads (or terminals) are relevant to
equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overhear when dissipating their
A resistor is a two – terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit eliment – when a voltage ‘V’ is applied across the terminals of a resistor, a current ‘I’ will how through the resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. The reciprocal of the constant of proportionality is known as the resistance R1,since with a given voltage V1 a larger value of R further “ resists” the flow of current I as given by Ohms law. I= V/R. SI units of resistor is ohms (λ) – It is named after georg simon ohm. An ohn is equivalent to a volt per ampere. Since resistors are specified and manufactured over a very large range of values, the derived units of milli ohms and 1 mega ohm are also in common usage. The reciprocal of resistance R is called conductance, G = 1/R and is measured in siemen (SI
unit). Some times referred to as a ohm. Thus a siemen is the reciprocal of an ohm; S= Λ-1 Some resistors are large enough in size to their resistance (ohms) printed on the body. However there are some resistors that re too small in size to have numbers printed on them therefore the system of cader coding is used to indicate their values for their fixed moulded composition resistor 4 colour bands are printed one are one end of the other casing.
The colour bands are always read from left to right from the end that as the bands close to it as shown in figure. The numerical value associated with end colour is also shown. The 1st & 2nd bands represent the 1st & 2nd significant digits the 3rd number is the multiplier and 4 th number is tolerance with 1,2,5,10 are brown, red, gold, silver colours respthy.
CAPACITORS
CAPACITORS A capacitor is an energy strong passive compoenent which is found nearly is every electronic circuit. A capacitor is basically a meant to store electronic and electrical energy and release then whatever desired. Capacitance is a measure of a capacitor ability to store electric change. UNITS: the units of capacitance is FARADS(F). However, parad is a large unit. Practically, capacitors were specified in (i) Micro farod (μ f) (ii) PICO farad (pf)
A capacitor/condenser is a passive element, consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric when voltage potential difference exists b/w a conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the plates the effect is greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors. A capacitor formerly known as condenser is a device for strong electric change. The forms of practical capacitor vary widely, but all contain at least 2 conductors separated by a non-conductor capacitors are used as parts of electrical systems for example, consisting of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film. The capacitor is a reasonably general model for electric fields with in the electric circuit. An ideal capacitor wholly characterized by a constant capacitance ‘C’ defined as the ratio of charge ±Q, on each conductor to the voltage ‘V’ b/w then. C= Q/V Sometimes, charge builtup affects the capacitor mechanically, causing its capacitance to vary. In this case, capacitance is defined in terms of incremental changes. C= dQ/ dV
INDUCTOR
INDUCTOR Inductor (or) coil (or) choke is an electromagnetic device consisting of a conducting wire wound in cylindrical/ spiral form to obtain concentrated magnetic flux. The base on which the coil is wound is known as core. The core may be a magnetic material such as iron, ferrite (or) air.
DIODE
DIODE PN junction conducts current easily when forward biased and practically current flows, when it is reverse biased. This unidirectional conduction characteristics of PN junction is similar to that of vaccum diode. Therefore like a vaccum diode, a semiconductor can also accomplish. The job of reflection change alternating to direct current. However semiconductor diode have become more popular as they are smaller in size, cheaper and robust, usually separated with greater efficiency.
A PN junction diode is also called as semiconductor (or) crystal diode the outstanding property of a crystal diode, to conduct current in one direction only. It can be used as rectifier. A crystal diode is usually represented by schematic symbol. The arrow in the symbol indicates the direction of easier conventional current flow.
The VI characteristics is drawn by taking voltage on x-axis and current on Y-axis. The charactorists for toward and reverse bias of diode.
In towards bias the width of depletion layer decreases with increase in applied voltage, the forward current remains Zero until the applied voltage equals to potential barrier. In reverse bias condition the potential barrier of PN junction diode will increase. Therefore the junction resistance is very high and practically no current flows through the circuit. Applications of Diode 1. Rectifier 2. Switch
LED
LED A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LED’s are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasing the used for heightening. When a night emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes with in the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
This effect is called as electro luminescence and the cololurs of the light corresponding to the energy of the photon is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An Led will offer an small area and integrated optical components may be used to shape its prediction pattern. LED’s present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer life time, improved robustness, smaller size faster switching and geater durability and reliability. LED’s are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lightning, automotive lightning as well as in traffic signals. The compact size, the possibility of narrow band width, switching speed and extreme reliability of LED’s has allowed new text and video display’s sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications technology. Working Charge carriers electons and flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages when an electron meets a hole, it fall into a lower energy level and release energy in the from of a photon. The wave lehgth of light
emitted and there its colour, depends on the band gap energy of the national forming the PN junction. The materials used for the Led have a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near inferred, visible (or) near UV light.
TRANSISTOR
Transistor A BC 547 transistor is a negative –positive negative (NPN) transistor that is used for many purposes. Together with other electronic components such as resistors, and capacitors. It can be used as the active component for switches and amplifiers. Like all other NPN transistors, this type has an either terminal, a base are control terminal and a collector terminal. In a typical configuration, the current flowing from the base to the emitter controls the collector current. A short vertical line, which is the base, can indicate the
transistor schematic for the NPN transistor and the emitter which is a diagonal line connecting to the base, is an arrowhead pointing away from the base.
The various types of transistors and BC 547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The BC 547 transistors comes in one package. When several are placed in a single package. It is usually referred to as a transistor array. Arrays are commonly used in digital switching eight transistors may be placed in one package to make layout much easier. Transistors circuit design requires a thorough understanding of I-V ratings of various components. Important such as in case of battery operated devices. Whenever base is high, the current starts flowing through base and emitter and offer that only current will pass from collector to emitter. So, that the Led which is connected to collector will glow to indicate the transistor is ON.
TRANSFORMER
Transformer Usually DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these voltages are 5V , 9V (or) RV. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the AC input available at main supply ie., 230 v is to be brought down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a required level.
RECTIFIER
Rectifier The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts AC into pulsating DC. The rectifier may be half wave (or)a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification. The bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an AC voltage to DC voltage using both Y2 cycles of I/p voltage. Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in figure. The circuit has 4 diodes connecting to froms a bridge. The AC
voltage is applied to diagonally opposite ends of bridge. The load resistance is connected b/w the other two ends of bridge.
For the ½ cycle, of input AC voltage , diodes D1 and D3 conduct, where as diodes D2 and D4 remain in OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the load resistance ‘R1’ and hence the load current flows through ‘R1’. For – Ve Y2 cycle of input AC voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas D1 and D3 remains OFF. The conducting diodes D4 and D2 will be in series the load resistance R1 and hence the current flows through ‘R1’ in the same direction as in the previous ½ cycle. Thus a bi- directional wave is converted in to a unidirectional wave.
FILTER AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Filter Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the DC O/p received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, it either of two is varied DC voltage received at this pint changes. Therefore, a regulator is applied at the output state. Voltage Regulator: As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
In this project power supply of 5V and 12V are required. Inorder to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used. The 1 st number 78 represents the supply and the numbers 05,12 represents the required O/p voltage levels. The LM 78xx series of 3 terminal +Ve regulators is available in TD – 220 , TO -220 FP, TO-3, D2 PAK and DPAK packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of apps. These regulators can provide local on card regulation, eliminating
the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs a internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. It adequate heat sink is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current, although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulator.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD A printed circuit board is nothing but a prepared, worked inter connecting system in which the active and passive components can be inserted and soldered. It is the usually made o a copper clad laminate based on epoxy resin or glass laminate.
A printed circuit board consists of acnducting coating o a based material in the form of laminate. The bas material used in manufacturing of copper clad or copper.
Laminations are Paper phenoue Glass epoxy
The PCB can also classified based on no of layers for conductors and presence of hols. They are 1. Single sided board 2. Double sided board
a) Non –plated through holes b) Plated through holes
3. Multilayered board 4. Board for surface current devices
The following are the steps in which PCB will be made: 1. Preparation of layout of circuit and components 2. Tranferring layout on the copper 3. Transferring the copper from places where it isn’t required by using the process of etching 4. Drilling of holes for components mounting. 5. Applications of protective coat to copper track A PCB has to provide clean correct and easy means of interconnecting of various components and devices relating to circuit of subsystem. The interconnecting tracks of different components and devices to be used in electronic circuits.
HEAT SINK
Heat Sink In electronic systems a heat sink is passive heat exchanger that cools a device by dissipating heat into the surrounding media. In computers, heat sinks are used to cool control processing units (or) graphic processors. That skinks are used with high power semiconductor devices such as power transistor and opto electronics such as LASERS and LED, where the heat dissipation ability of the device is insufficient to moderate its temperature.
A heat sink is designed to maximize its surface area in contact with the cooling medium surrounding it such as air. Air velocity, choice of material, protrusion design and surface treatment are factors that affect the performance of heat sink. The most common heat sink materials are aluminum alloys and copper. Diamond is another heat sink material. Copper has excellent heat sink properties in terms of its thermal conductivity corrosion resistance, bio fouling resistance. Its main applications are industrial facilities, power plants, solar thermal water
system gas water heatests geothermal heating & cooling and electronic systems. In this project the used a heat sinks which is made with aluminum. Some of the heat sinks are shown .
WIRES
Wires
A wire is a single, usually cyclindrical, flexible stand (or) rod of metal wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunication signal wires are commonly formed by drawing the metal through a role in a die (or) draw plate wire guage cane in (variations) various standard sizes as expressed in terms of guage no, the term is also used more loosely to refer as a bundle of such standards as in multistand wire which is move correctly turned a wire rope in mechanic or a cable in electricity.
Electrical wires are usually covered with installing materials such as plastic, rubber, polymers etc., wire comes in solid core, stand board or braided forms. Although usually circular in cross section, wires can be made in square, hexagonal, hattered, rectangular (or) other cross sections.
SWITCHES
Switches In elelctrical and electronic system, a switch is a device which can make (or) break an electrical circuit (or) we can say that switch is a controlling device which interrupt the flow of current on direct the flow of current in another
direction. Almost all the electrical and electronics systems contain at least on switch which is used to make the device On (or) Off. In addition, a switch is used to control the circuit operation and user may able to activate (or) de activate the whole (or) certain parts of the connected circuit. Generally switches are of 2 types. They are 1. Mechanical switches 2. Electrical/ electronic switches Mechanical switches are again classified into 5 types , they are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
SPST [ Single pole single throw switch] SPDT [ single pole double throw switch] DPST [Double pole single throw switch] DPDT [ double pole double throw switch] 2P6T [2 plle, 6throw switch]
A single pole single throw [SPST] switch is a switch that only has a single I/P and can connect only to one output. This means that it has one I/P terminal and one O/p terminal.
A single pole single throw switch serves in circuits as on off switches. When the switch is closed, the circuit is on . when the switch is open, the circuit is off. SPST switches are thus every simple in nature.
SPST Switch Circuit Below, is an example of a circuit which utilizes a SPST switch. When the SPST is closed, the circuit open and light from the lamp switches ON. When the SPST is then opened, the light from the lamp goes out and the CKT is off.
Electrical/switches, are again classified into 3 types. They are
1. Transistor\ 2. MOSFET’S 3. RELAYS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
The diagram shown, is the circuit diagram of mobile signal jammer. Constructional details:
The circuit diagram of mobile signal jammer comprises of the following components. Thus are 1. 555 timer (output of fixed frequency) 2. MRF 94751 (RF power amplifier) 3. Antenna. Whenever a power supply is given, the adopter converts the 230V AC supply into a low DC supply. This low DC supply is about 5V. Then this 5V Dc supply given to the mobile signal jammer circuit. This mobile signal jammer can block the GSM, CDMA, DCS.PHS, 3G frequencies. For this purpose, each application (DCS/CDMA/GSM/3G) contains a circuit consisting of a 555 timer producing a definite frequency for each application. If the supply is given to the circuit, the LED glows, whenever the SPST switch is turned ON and vice versa. Working: Whenever the SPST switch is turned ON and the input supply is given, then the IC 555 timer generates an output signal depending upon the frequency used in it. Since the mobile signal jammer can isolate (or) jam GSM,CDMA,DCS, 3G signals. For each application, different 555 IC timers of different turned frequency is used. The IC 555 timer present in mobile jammer produces frequency of desired range, the output of the 555 timer is then given to the RF power Amplifier [MRF947T1]. Since the O/p from the IC 555 timer is of low power, it is given to the RF power Amplifier. This Amplifier strengthens the signal in power range and then it is given to the tuning circuit. This tuning circuit is used for impedance matching with the RF Antenna. So that the frequency obtained from IC 555 timer with gets matched with the frequency
produced by the tuning circuit. This produces resonance, so that the maximum output can be obtained from the Antenna. The RF Antenna used here is an collinear Antenna, which is an array of dipole Antenna. Which strengthens the signal so that it can be transmitted to long distances.These Antenna are highly directional Antenna. Therefore, the signals will travel long distance.
INSTALLATION
Installation Of Mobile Jammer 1 .Install this device at a height about 1.5m-1.7m will get the best jamming result, keep all the antennas in vertical.
2. Never install this device close to the wall, wall will affect the interference signals .Put this device 30-50cm away from the wall. 3. One set of this device can block all types of cellular systems including analog(AMPS,TACS,NIM) and digital (GSM,DCS,PDC,TDMA,PHS,PCS,IDEW,CDMA,WCDMA)signals up to 30 cm radius, covers an individual room of around 2800 square meters. 4. To cover an area bigger than 2800 square meters .Please install multiples of this device to ensure better jamming effect.EG. . in an individual space of 3500 square meters, you should need to install 2 or more devices working together. 5. This device is not able to cover different spaces divided with walls, install individual jammers in different positions of a building to ensure the best jamming effect.
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
OUTPUT
FREQUENCY
AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER
CHANNEL OUTPUT POWER
CDMA
800-850MHz
35dB
4dB/30khz(min)
GSM
850-900MHz
35dB
3dB/30KHz(min)
DCS
18001900MHz
33dB
1dB/30KHz(min)
33dB
1dB/30KHz(min)
3G
20002100MHz
Power supply
:
AC :
110-240V
DC :
5V/8A
Energy consumption : 30W Dimension:
451 241 8.5cm
Running temperature : -100 to +550 C Weight :
3 Kg
Output power
: 10 W
Jamming range
: 2.50m
ADVANTAGES
Advantages of Cell Phone Jammers Cell phones offer great conveniences to people all over the world. It arouses new challenge on the safety of secret
work. Now a day, copying in examination, wiretap, gas station outburst, and medical negligence are taking place due to mobile phones. Probably, it is one of the major reasons behind the emergence of jammers. Advantages of cell phone jammers are vast.Basically, jammers function under specific frequency and connect to the main station throughelectromagnetic wave. It transmits sound and data through intonation and baud rate. The devicecreates an unrecognizable code hindrance to jam a cell phone. Most jamming devices can jam only one frequency .Only advanced devices can block multiple frequencies. Now, it is being used in prison, theater ,conference centre, library, church, gas station, school campus, government hospitals, and military site. Under the security of the device you do not have to worry about outburst and information safety. The new models are highly portable in nature. Diverse types of jammers are readily available in the market. Advantages of cell phone jammers are immense. The portable devices are particularly designed for small, safe and private places like mobile cars, discussion room and confidential office. Nevertheless, it can successfully block cellular phone communication in the range of 50-80 sq meters.
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS To maintain the complete silence in library and lecture hall. To avoid fraud in examination hall. For, providing security in business conference, board of directors rooms , seminars, etc.
For providing calm and peaceful atmosphere in Hospitals. Church/Mosques/Cathedral/Temple/Religious establishment During a hostage situation, police can control when and where a captor can make a phone call. Police can block phone calls during a drug raid so suspects can't communicate outside the area. jammers can be used in areas where radio transmissions are dangerous, (areas with a potentially explosive atmosphere), such as chemical storage facilities or grain elevators. Corporations use jammers to stop corporate espionage by blocking voice transmissions and photo transmissions from camera phones.
FUTURE SCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE This project is more compatable and reliable.Therefore,this can be further implemented in so many ways as follows; 1.This project can be accessed by using remote.
2.This can br automated using a gsm module. 3.The range of mobile jammer can be further extended by using some special antennas.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Hence, we made the project mobile signal jammer. It is very useful in avoiding disturbance during important conferences. It is very much useful for VIP’s for security purposes. Finally this project enabled us to improve our practical and technical knowledge. That is why good grounding of communication theory is achieved on completion of this project.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites Referred
www.tele communications.com www.wikpedia.com www.seminar projects.org
Books referred Principles of electronics, Electronic communication systems, Electronics devices and circuits
ANTENNA
POWER SUPPLY
ADAPTER
RF POWER AMPLIFIER
555 TIMER
TUNING CIRCUIT (FIXED)
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MOBILE SIGNAL JAMMER
