Military-Helicopter-Handbook-2008.pdf

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military helicopter handbook 2008

HELICOPTER Specifications WEAPON SPECIFICATIONS HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS & NVGs

Military Helicopter handbook 2008

SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS integrated mission systems A Shephard Press publication

GUIDE TO MILITARY OPERATORS guide to suppliers product guide

The concise global industry guide www.shephard.co.uk

Publisher Sandy Doyle

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Editor Peter Donaldson

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Contributing Editor Jon Lake [email protected] Sales and Marketing Manager Jane Smith [email protected] Advertising Sales

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handbook 2008 3 Introduction The editor muses on the implications of a potentially game-changing new weapon: the laser-guided rocket.

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Order online www.shephard.co.uk/shop.aspx www.subscription.co.uk/shephard Tel: +44 (0)1858 438879 Fax: +44 (0)1858 461739 [email protected] Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of this publication to ensure its accuracy at the time of going to press, the Publishers cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions or any loss arising therefrom. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the Publishers. Infringements of any of the above rights will be liable to prosecution under UK or US civil or criminal law. The Shephard Military Helicopter Handbook is published annually by The Shephard Press Ltd. © 2007 The Shephard Press Published November 2007 ISSN 1365-6600 Member of the Periodical Publishers Association. Production and DTP by Clear Impressions, High Wycombe, Bucks, UK. Printed by Williams Press, Berkshire, UK.

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Military Helicopter 4

Mixed messages in a sellers’ market Jon Lake looks at the drivers behind today’s boom in military helicopter orders and wonders when it will benefit warfighters in the field.

9 Helicopter specifications Concise descriptions, photographs and specification data on the world’s major military helicopters.

41 Weapon systems specifications Anti-armour, anti-ship and air-to-air missiles, torpedoes, rockets and gun systems for rotorcraft.

65 Helmet-mounted displays and NVGs

Integrated helmets and night vision goggles and HMDs are essential for modern helicopter operations.

73 S ensor specifications A selection of major radar, thermal imaging and other electro-optical sensors developed for military helicopters.

93 Integrated mission systems

A selection of integrated mission systems and supplier capabilities for military rotorcraft.

101 Guide to military fleets

Military helicopter operators are listed alphabetically by country with types, bases and contact details where available.

117 Guide to suppliers

An alphabetical guide to the military helicopter industry worldwide. The Product Guide on page 165 provides a quick-reference index to suppliers.

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COVER: A Utah Army National Guard soldier from the 19th Special Forces is hoisted up to an HH-60 Pave Hawk in a CSAR integration exercise. (Photo: US DoD, by Master Sgt Kevin J Gruenwald, US Air Force.)

Peter Donaldson « INTRODUCTION

WELCOME

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f post Cold War combat experience with attack helicopters has proved one thing, it is that they are supremely flexible weapon systems capable of adapting to just about any circumstances in which they find themselves. Widely publicised setbacks, such as those that kept Task Force Hawk out of Kosovo and the ambushed Karbala raid in the invasion of Iraq, inevitably brought out critics, some (but not necessarily all) with axes to grind. They opined that such failures called into question the very concept of the attack helicopter. Despite this, smart operators have always proved able to use the vehicle’s inherent flexibility to get back on top, as subsequent Apache operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have amply demonstrated. However, the attack helicopter is still hamstrung by a capability gap when it comes to engaging point targets beyond the range of the gun but for which a weapon as large, expensive and powerful as an anti-tank missile is not justified. This has long been the thrust of the argument behind the US Army backed efforts to provide semi-active laser homing capability to the 2.75 inch rocket manifested in the Low Cost Precision Kill (LCPK) and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) I and II programmes. There’s no doubt that such a weapon would fill the gap and that operators want it. Like most development

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Peter Donaldson, Editor [email protected]

Military Helicopter Portfolio

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programmes, particularly in the US, it has political enemies who ensured APKWS II funding was zeroed shortly after BAE Systems’ solution had been selected as the one to go forward. So powerful is the idea, however, that Lockheed Martin has continued to develop its own solution using its own money and is promoting it internationally under the name of the Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR), emphasising its compatibility with Hellfire launchers and the resulting lockon before launch (LOBL) capability that enables aviators to know exactly what they are shooting at before they pull the trigger – a vital capability today. What’s more, the US and Korea have agreed to develop another one together, known as the Low Cost Guided Imaging Rocket (LOGIR), Norway’s Kongsberg has been working on another for a while and has now teamed up with Canada’s Bristol Aerospace, manufacturer of the CRV-7 rocket family. The US Marine Corps is also showing interest in the concept, so much so that the Corps has floated the idea of developing a laser guidance kit for its much larger 5 inch (127 mm) Zuni rocket, a weapon that the Corps’ SuperCobra fleet is qualified to fire, but whose sheer size rules it out as a weapon to fill the cannon/ATGM gap. With JCM very much on the back burner, laser-guided rockets could turn out to be the most important new helicopter weapon systems we can expect for many years.

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VIEW » Jon Lake

Jon Lake « VIEW

MIXED MESSAGES IN A SELLER’S MARKET By Jon Lake The military need for helicopters is huge, but procurement decisions drag and manufacturers struggle to meet existing orders and manoeuvre into support contracts to cover future gaps.

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veryone seems to agree – the global helicopter market is booming, and some manufacturers are reportedly ‘sold out’ for the next 18-24 months. The market for military helicopters over the next decade is expected to be even larger than that for civil rotorcraft (59%) and many analysts estimate that as many as 8,500 will be sold during the period. There are increasing opportunities from new military requirements and major procurements are emerging to replace heritage fleets in existing roles.

This might seem a foreign concept to the people of the UK’s Joint Helicopter Command, who are still waiting for a new medium-lift helicopter to address the huge shortfalls in capacity identified by Britain’s National Audit Office in 2004. It may seem almost incredible to aircrew, many of whom have to go out and fly combat missions in superannuated Sea Kings and ancient Pumas, or in Lynxes that struggle in hot and high conditions. It might even seem strange to some of those at AgustaWestland’s Yeovil factory, who have seen

few new orders for their Merlin in recent years – despite its obvious capability and many advantages. On the other side of the Atlantic, there are some who have yet to experience any benefit from this boom in orders. While Sikorsky’s S-70/H-60 family continues to attract orders, the company has so far found only a single customer for the military version of its fast-selling and impressive S-92. But those who can see a bigger picture know that Boeing can’t build Chinooks quickly enough to meet demand – Eurocopter is finding the same for the Cougar and AgustaWestland’s Italian factory is finding it tough to keep up with demand for its AW139, while the A109 continues to sell in large numbers. So what lies behind today’s huge demand for military helicopters?

Operational Experience

» Building Chinooks fast enough to meet demand is a big challenge. (Photo: Boeing)

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Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

The post Cold War world has been marked by an explosion of low intensity conflict, and a significant increase in ‘Operations Other Than War’ (OOTW). Such operations place great emphasis on the expeditionary capability and rapid deployability that helicopters enable. There is often a requirement for patrolling, which requires relatively small numbers of troops to be moved rapidly and safely around large areas. In theatre, responding effectively to ‘hit and run’ attacks requires rapid reaction and great agility in deploying forces. There is also often a need to extract small units from unfriendly territory where road transport would be in real danger of ambush or bombs. The threat posed by irregular forces may make routine movement by road prohibitively risky, placing a further premium on helicopter lift. With a need to minimise collateral damage and friendly casualties, firepower has to be applied with ever greater

» US Navy MH-60S Seahawks have established themselves as stalwart maritime workhorses. (Photo: US Navy) precision, and the best attack helicopters frequently offer greater accuracy and more discriminatory close air support than many fast jet platforms. Naval helicopters are also kept busy. Obviously, amphibious lift can allow troops to operate from the relative safety of a ship, but few nations have sufficient amphibious lift capacity, so some specialised ASW helicopters have been pressed into service in the transport and assault roles. Offensive naval helicopters have also seen action, protecting civilian and military vessels from attackers using very small craft. In both land and maritime environments, unconventional and irregular enemy forces pose particular intelligence problems, since they tend to be extremely fast-moving, and often hit and run. This places great importance on accurate and responsive ISTAR, and helicopters have already proved well-suited to this role. Afghanistan and Iraq underline the need for better hot and high performance, and this has helped to drive a continuing move away from the use of single-engine aircraft in all roles, along with an increased emphasis on the larger medium and heavy helicopters. The main market demand is still led by medium twins, but with an increasing interest in heavy lift rotorcraft, perhaps stimulated by the success of today’s larger helicopters, including the Merlin, Chinook and Mi-26. Many believe that tomorrow’s transport helicopters will carry more than a single squad of troops. As important as size is versatility, and recent operations have only served to underline the importance of being able to rapidly reconfigure for other roles, from medevac to configurations tailored to allow participation in aid and reconstruction work. » visit us at www.shephard.co.uk

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VIEW » Jon Lake Thousands of rotary and fixed wing pilots rely on our advanced situational awareness, threat warning and ECM suites. Our EW team digs deep, not just to meet the specs, but to find the best solution to every problem. And the result? Systems that exceed expectations and deliver in a conflict’s defining moment. Missions succeed, and pilots come home. To learn more, just visit us at itt.com/victor.

In the conflict’s defining moment, be defined as the victor.

(Photo: Patrick Allen) Smaller, leaner helicopter fleets are being asked to do more with less, with high utilisation rates demanded and expected. Tomorrow’s helicopters will therefore be expected to give lower operating costs and higher levels of maintainability and availability. They will also be expected to be easy and economic to upgrade.

Other drivers However, it is not only current and ongoing operations that are driving helicopter procurement policies and programmes – though they may be skewing short term spending priorities! Simply, many of today’s military helicopters are either obsolete, or are getting to the end of their lives, and with previously planned replacement programmes delayed or cancelled to save money, many operators are running out of time and options. Many helicopters remain in service that were introduced during the 1970s, and though these can be upgraded, a number of the types would remain too limited, even after modernisation. Some are particularly poorly suited for the kind of international coalition operations that have become routine – lacking commonality and network connectivity and requiring their own dedicated logistics chain. Buying new often represents a more cost-effective solution and some analysts note that the retrofit option is losing favour with major nations. If this is true, the UK is going against the grain with plans to fit its ageing Commando Sea Kings with Carson blades and the proposed ‘Puma Gold’/Puma Mk 2 upgrade, which aims to keep both types working until around 2017. Though the importance of some helicopter roles has reduced, leading to reductions in force structure in some capability areas, there are other emerging tasks that represent new market opportunities. In the USA, for example, helicopters have been pressed into use in a number of homeland security-related roles. 6


» Stopgap upgrades are the order of the day in the UK. Rolls-Royce estimate a global market of 8,493 new or upgraded military rotorcraft (worth an estimated $120 billion between 2007 to 2016), with a significant growth (of about 7% annually) until 2012, thereafter subsiding to a more sustainable level. (Frost and Sullivan European value the European share at about $26 billion between 2006-2015). As the decade continues, factors driving growth will increasingly come to be balanced by contrary factors. Analysts predict continued shrinkage in European defence budgets in real terms, leading to reductions in force structure, consolidation of existing fleets, and a slow-down in re-equipment programmes. This seems likely to be exacerbated by the migration of some tasks from military units to semi-privatised operations. Second-line tasks, including VIP transport, vertrep, training and civilian SAR cover (and perhaps even some routine transport tasks), are likely to be taken over by civilian operators with smaller, leaner fleets.

ROTOR ALTERNATIVES There are also mission areas in which helicopters are likely to be supplanted by other types of aircraft that may be cheaper to operate, and/or which may be more effective in particular roles. For some battlefield ISTAR roles, for example, manned fixed-wing platforms may offer a viable alternative, while in other roles UAVs will take over some traditional manned helicopter tasks. Northrop Grumman started production of the MQ-8B Fire Scout in Jan 2007, and the aircraft will form a key part of the US Army’s Future Combat Systems programme, as well as serving on the US Navy’s new Littoral Combat Ships. Only a little way behind the Fire Scout are the Bell TR918 Eagle Eye, the Boeing A-160 Hummingbird and the ‘optionally manned’ Boeing MH/AH-6X Unmanned Little Bird (ULB). »

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VIEW » Jon Lake When the current boom in demand has passed, many manufacturers will find themselves in the same situation as some of today’s military fixed-wing manufacturers. Whereas fighter builders could once expect one production programme to dovetail neatly into the next, smaller production runs and longer service lives now tend to leave gaps between the end of one programme and the production of a successor. The most successful companies have attempted to plug these gaps by diversifying into the provision of integrated support contracts. AgustaWestland has already won such contracts for the UK’s Sea King and Merlin, while Boeing has established similar arrangements with the RAF’s Chinook force. But this represents only the tip of a potentially profitable iceberg. Many now believe that such incentivised integrated support contracts will become more and more common and that they will increasingly become ‘core business’ for companies today viewed as aircraft design and production organisations.

Key Programmes However, at the moment business is still booming and many manufacturers are struggling to meet demand, while programme activity is high. With the US Army, Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard all operating massive fleets of helicopters, the USA remains the largest and most lucrative market for military helicopter manufacturers. Once a virtual monopoly for US manufacturers, the US armed forces have in recent years selected a number of foreign designed helicopters for service in large numbers, albeit with the European OEMs concerned teaming with US partner companies to achieve their sales breakthroughs. The biggest such success, in terms of numbers of helicopters, was the selection of the EC145 (UH-72A) as the US Army’s LUH. More than 300 are required, primarily for use in the Homeland Security role by the National Guard. The most prominent European success was the selection of a variant of the EH101 Merlin as the VH-71 to meet the requirement for a new Presidential helicopter. Surprisingly in view of this, the HH-71 lost out to the HH-47G version of the Chinook in the USAF’s CSAR-X competition. Unaccountably, the quick, capacious, quiet Merlin lost out to a helicopter with a notably distinctive and loud noise signature and downwash characteristics that make it a poor winching platform – two attributes that would seem to make it less than ideally suited for the Combat Search and Rescue mission. As a result, the US Government Accountability Office upheld Sikorsky and Lockheed Martin protests and directed that the programme be re-examined. The Bell-Boeing MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor is now in full-rate production and was, at the time of writing, preparing for an 8


operational deployment to Iraq. Many air forces will watch the Osprey’s operational debut with great interest, as foreign interest in the type is reportedly growing. US-built helicopters are still enjoying great success outside the USA. The USMC’s CH-53K has attracted real interest in Europe – especially to meet the Franco-German HTH requirement, while the Netherlands Air Force order for the CH-47F is just the latest Chinook achievement.

helicopter specifications weapon specifications

NO ROOM FOR COMPLACENCY Today’s boom would have seemed like a drought at the height of the Cold War. There will be a series of hard fought battles for orders, and no manufacturer can afford to be complacent. The major players in the West are competing in a smaller market, and are facing stiffer competition from further East, with Russia, India and China all becoming more important players. In Russia, there was some initial fragmentation after the Cold War, as individual factories marketed different versions of the same helicopter types, often in competition with the original Design Bureau, so that Rostvertol, Kazan, Ulan Ude and Mil were at one time all offering competing Mil Mi-17 variants. But the Russian helicopter industry is now consolidating and is achieving sales even in the absence of demand in the home market. The Indian aerospace industry has successfully launched its indigenous HAL Dhruv ALH, which will be procured by all three armed services and by the Coast Guard, though India remains a major customer for foreign built helicopters, with an ongoing requirement for more than 300 new light helicopters. In China, AVIC II is overseeing the development of a range of new indigenous helicopter programmes, while continuing to co-operate with Eurocopter on the development and production of existing and new types, including the new EC175. Elsewhere, in South Africa, Japan and South Korea for example, there have been small indigenous helicopter programmes, building on significant licence manufacturing and local production. In the longer term, there may be further ‘entrants’ with some Middle East nations developing local industrial infrastructure and requiring industrial offset as a pre-condition of new rotorcraft procurement programmes. This, it is hoped, will stimulate and ‘feed’ indigenous aerospace industries. There has already been some consolidation of helicopter companies through merger and take-over, but many analysts believe that significant further rationalisation is inevitable. This ‘shake out’ may, however, be delayed by the cushion now being provided by the boom in civil helicopter sales, which may be ‘propping up’ some of the less efficient manufacturers. ∞

helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

HELICOPTERS This section describes the main rotorcraft in military service, in development or on offer to military customers. Each aircraft is illustrated with a photograph and specifications include a description of current usage as well as technical data. Entries appear alphabetically under the principal manufacturer holding design authority, unless otherwise stated. ± Gross weight = maximum all-up weight including internal load ± Empty weight = weight without fuel, crew, payload or weapons ± Length = normally fuselage length, occasionally with rotors running (‘overall’) ± Payload = maximum load either internal or external ± Max speed = Vne at sea level ± Range = typical sortie, still air ± HIGE = Hover In Ground Effect ± HOGE = Hover Outside Ground Effect

While every effort has been made to provide accurate information, the publishers cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. If you have any comments, additions or corrections you would like to be made please contact the editor.

SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters

Helicopters « SPECIFICATIONS

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW101

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW129 MANGUSTA

Jointly developed by Westland and Agusta (now AgustaWestland) this 3engined medium helicopter (previously known as the EH101) has three basic variants: Utility, Naval and Civil. Utility features a rear ramp and shallower tail boom. Five-bladed main rotor head features redundant load paths. Composite main and tail rotor blades, windscreens and engine air intakes feature de-icing equipment as standard. Active Control of Structural Response (ACSR) smoothes vibration. Fly-by-wire controls with all-electric actuation are under development. Low noise signature gives particular suitability for CSAR and Special Forces support. Customers include the UK, Italy, Canada, Portugal, Denmark, Japan and the USA . New BERP 4 advanced rotor blades and more powerful GE engines flight tested. Powerplant: 3 x RTM 322 rated at 2,263 shp (1,688kW) or 3 x GE T700 rated at 2,145 shp (1,600 kW). Gross weight: 32,188 lb (14,600 kg) or 34,392 lb (15,600 kg) for utility version with external load. Equipped empty weight: 20,234 lb (9,180 kg). Dimensions unfolded: Length: 74.80 ft (22.80 m). Height (rotors turning): 21.72 ft (6.62 m). Rotor diameter: 61 ft (18.6 m). Performance: Cruise speed 150 kt (280 km/h). Max Range (naval version): 927 km (500 nm). Max range (military utility version): 1,390 km (750 nm). HIGE: 7,300 ft (2,225 m). HOGE: 3,700 ft (1,128 m). Armament: 4 x torpedoes or depth charges, 2 x anti-ship missiles on naval versions, pintle-mounted machine guns on utility aircraft.

Tandem two-seat, twin-engined attack helicopter subsequently developed into a multi-role combat helicopter (CBT)for the Italian Army, and for export as AW129 International Mangusta with LHTEC T800 engines and five blade main rotor. Ballistically tolerant airframe. Main rotor controls pass up through rotor mast for protection. AFCS allows hands-off operation, provides recovery capability from unusual attitudes, command augmentation for crisp response in NOE flight and stability augmentation for precise weapon aiming. Sensors include: FLIR and TV cameras, laser range finder/designator, automatic target tracker, video recorder, night piloting FLIR, IHADSS helmet display. Turkey is to acquire 50 (plus 41 options) as the T129, with more powerful LHTEC T800 engines, air-to-air Stinger and an increased number of Hellfire ATGMs, and will become the sole source for AW129 fuselage production. Powerplant: 2 x 890 shp (657 kW) Rolls‑Royce Gem 1004D turboshafts, or 2 x 1,362 shp (1,016 kW) LHTEC-CTS800-2 turboshafts. Gross weight: (Gem engines) 10,141 lb (4,600 kg), (CTS800 engines) 11,243 lb (5,100 kg). Performance (Gem / CTS800): cruise speed 250 kph (135 kts) / 278 kph (150 kts); hovering OGE 1,500 m (4,920 ft) / 3,290 m (10,800 ft); range (Std tank) 510 km (275 nm) / 561 km (303 nm); endurance (std tank) 2 h 45 min / 3 h. Armament: 8 Hellfire or TOW missiles or a mix of both; 81 mm or 2.75 in rockets; 20 mm M-197 cannon; Stinger air-to-air missiles.

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW109 LUH

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW139 MILITARY

Latest military model of the A109 family operated by Sweden, South Africa and Malaysia. Eight seat multi-role helicopter with composite, fourbladed, fully articulated rotor, FADEC-controlled engines and a glass cockpit with three interchangeable 6 x 8 inch LCD multifunction displays that allow enhanced flight and mission management. Instrument panel, interior and exterior lighting are NVG compatible. Similar AW109 Nexus for Italian Guardia di Finanza. Basic AW109E Power also operated by many military users, including US Coast Guard MH-68A Sting Ray, used for drug interdiction and harbour security operations. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney 207C or Arrius 2K1 turboshafts rated at 735 or 711 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 6,614 lb (3,000 kg). Basic Empty weight: 3,666 lb (1663 kg) Dimensions: Length: 42.42 ft (12.93 m) with rotors turning. Height 11.22 ft (3.421m) Main Rotor diameter: 35.53 ft (10.83 m). Max standard fuel load: from 154 to 223 US gal. Performance: Max speed: (Vne) 168 kt (311 kph). Cruise speed: 156 kt (290 kph) Range: (with 223 USGal fuel, no reserve, @5000 ft) 481 nm (890 km) Armament: Rocket launcher 7/12/19 tubes 70/81 mm; twin machine gun-pod 7.62 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7/20 mm; machine gun-pod 12.7 mm with 3-tube 70 mm rocket launcher; anti-tank missiles (TOW, HOT or Hellfire); air-to-air missiles (Stinger or Mistral); sling and harness set for 12.7 mm sniper rifle (USCG).

Medium twin-engined multi-role helicopter certified to FAR and JAR 29 regulations. Carries up to 15 troops or six stretchers and four medical attendants. Features include a fully crashworthy airframe, crew- and troop-seats, high manoeuvrability and agility, fail-safe design, systems redundancy and separation, low acoustic and IR emission, good visibility, low pilot workload, retractable landing gear and high tail rotor ground clearance. Large, unobstructed cabin has big sliding doors and a flat floor. AgustaWestland teamed with L3 Communications Integrated Systems to offer the US139 for the US Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement. The type has been ordered by the UAE air force for SAR, and the Irish DoD has ordered the type for the Irish Air Corps to meet its utility helicopter requirement. Also used by large numbers of parapublic operators. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-67C turboshafts rated at 1,679 shp (1,252 kW) for take-off. Max take-off weight: 14,110 lb (6,400 kg) Dimensions: Length: 54.63 ft (16.65 m) rotors running, Height: 16.24 ft 4.95 m). Cabin (LxWxH): 8.86 x 6.56 x 4.66 ft (2.7 x 2.0 x 1.42 m). Main rotor diameter: 45.28 ft (13.8 m). Performance: (ISA, MTOW) Max cruise speed: 155 kt (286 kph), VNE 167 kt (310 kph), HOGE: 12,000 ft (3,600 m) Range (no reserve): more than 400 nm (750 km). Armament: Provision for full range of weapons. Mock up shown with pintle mounted cabin machine gun and pylon-mounted rocket pods.

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW119 KOALA

AGUSTAWESTLAND AW149

Military version of the AW119 Koala is a fast, powerful single-turbine utility helicopter with large, unobstructed eight place cabin. Configuration derived from AW109E Power. Four composite main rotor and two tail rotor blades turned by 1,002 shp PT-6 turboshaft. Avionics options include large LCDs and a three-axis duplex AFCS. AW119 Ke has redesigned rotors, giving increased payload and improved fuel efficiency. MTOW (int. loads): 2720 kg (5997 lb), MTOW (ext. loads): 3150 kg (6944 lb). Basic Empty Weight: 1430 kg (3152 lb). Engine: 1 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6B-37A turboshaft rated at 747 kW (1002 shp) for take off and 650 kW (872 shp) max continuous. Transmission rating: 671 kW (900 shp) for take off and max continuous. Performance: VNE (SL) 281 kph (152 kts). Max speed: (SL) 267 kph (144 kt). HIGE: 4,450 m (14,600 ft). HOGE: 3,261 m (10,700 ft). Service ceiling: more than 6,096 m (20,000 ft). Max Range: 991 km (535 nm), max endurance 5 h 45 min, both at 5,000 ft with 230 US gallons of fuel and no reserve. Length, rotors turning: 13.01 m (42.68 ft). Width (rotor blades at 45°): 7.66 m (25.13 ft). Maximum height: 3.77 m (12.37 ft). Main rotor diameter: 10.83 m (35.53 ft) Tail rotor diameter: 2 m (6.57 ft). Armament: 7/12/19 tube launcher for 70/80 mm rockets; twin 7.62 mm machine gun-pod; 12.7/20 mm machine gun pod; 12.7 mm machine gun pod with 3-tubes 70 mm rocket launcher.

Developed from the AW139, the AW149 is a new larger 7.5- to 8-tonne multi-role battlefield helicopter to be designed and built at AgustaWestland’s Yeovil, UK facility. For battlefield support roles, the company highlights a large, unobstructed cabin and baggage compartment that can accommodate up to 16 troops or 12 when fully equipped, and a cargo hook able to support external loads up to 2,720 kg (6,000 lb). The cabin has two large sliding doors and 12.4 m3 of internal cargo space. For command and control missions, the cabin has space for dedicated C3 equipment and two workstations. For the medevac role, the 3 m long by 2.26 m wide and 1.45 m high cabin provides the capability to accommodate up to six stretchers leaving enough space for four attendants and in-flight medical care equipment. For Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR) missions a rescue hoist and other specific mission equipment and armaments can be provided. The CSAR crew concept envisages two pilots plus two to four crewmembers. The 149 is designed to be able to operate in high threat environments so, in addition to the option of an integrated DAS, it will have ‘modular’ ballistic tolerance beyond armour kits. It will be certified to both civil and military standards to make it more attractive for parapublic operations. First flight is due in 2009. Cruise speed: 160 kt. OGE hover (95°F day, full load): 6,000 ft.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters AGUSTAWESTLAND FUTURE LYNX Future Lynx represents a major rework of the Lynx airframe and mission systems for improved land, maritime and littoral ISTAR, attack and support/utility roles along with reduced life-cycle cost and greater availability. UK MoD programme envisages 70 airframes plus 10 options: 40 for the British Army, 30 for the Royal Navy and five options each with service entry in 2014 for the Army aircraft, and 2015 for the RN. The existing dynamic system will be retained, but with enhanced reliability and room for growth. The main rotor head will be re-tested and re-qualified and there will be a new tail rotor to support an eventual 6,250 kg maximum gross weight. The enhanced main gear box will have room for growth from 1,960 to 2,150 shp to cope with CTS800 engines offering 36% greater power than Gems for similar fuel consumption. The marinised airframe will be designed for 90th percentile crash conditions, aided by a new common undercarriage with strengthened attachments optimised for energy absorption, a new nose and strengthened under-floor structure. The tail cone/pylon structure will also be new. All seats will be crashworthy. Crew seats will be armoured. The self-sealing fuel system will feature external fuel tanks. A new emergency flotation system will have a high degree of crashworthiness and a wire strike protection system will be fitted. Larger cockpit doors will improve egress. First flight is due in November 2009.

AGUSTAWESTLAND LYNX Small ships’ helicopter operated by most European NATO maritime forces, also by the navies of many other nations, the latest of which include Thailand, Malaysia and Oman. High equivalent main rotor hinge offset provides great agility. Wheeled undercarriage benefits from harpoon hold down gear on board ship. Operates from small ships up to and beyond sea state 6. Battlefield variant used in anti‑armour and light utility roles by British Army. Super Lynx 300 and Battlefield Lynx are latest production variants with LHTEC CTS800 engines, composite rotor blades and improved tail rotor and improved avionics and systems. ‘Future Lynx’ selected for assessment phase of UK Battlefield Light Utility Helicopter requirement. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls‑Royce Gem 42‑1 turboshafts rated at 1,120 shp or 2 x LHTEC CTS800 turboshafts rated at 1,611 shp (30 sec OEI rating). Gross weight: 11,750 lb (5,330 kg). Equipped empty weight: 7,782 lb (3,530 kg). Dimensions: Length: 43.76 ft (13.33 m). Height: 10.67 ft (3.25 m). Rotor diameter: 42.0 ft (12.80 m). Performance: Cruise speed 137 kt (255 km/h), HOGE 6,726 ft (2,050 m), ROC 1,776 ft/m (9 m/s). Typical Range: 305 nm (565 km). Armament: 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles (British Army AH Mk7), 4 x Sea Skua anti‑ship missiles, 2 x Mk44/46 Stingray torpedoes or Mk11 depth charges, 7.62 mm machine guns (naval versions).

AGUSTAWESTLAND SEA KING Multi-role maritime helicopter in widespread service with a wide range of sensors and weapon fits. UK-built derivative of Sikorsky S-61. Westland Sea King has uprated engines and gearbox, composite rotor blades, improved radar and navigation system. Seats 2 crew and up to 28 passengers. Serves UK RAF and RN in shore-based SAR role. The Commando is a RN utility/troop transport version. AEW variant developed for UK Royal Navy with Searchwater 360° radar located in large radome on starboard side. The latest version is the upgraded ASaCs Mk7 that provides the Royal Navy with an airborne surveillance and control capability as well as AEW. The Mk7 is fitted with the Thales Cerberus Mission System with the Searchwater 2000 advanced AEW radar, an IFF, an INS/GPS navigation system and a Link 16/JTIDS data link. Numerous export customers, especially for SAR and transport, but still used as ASW/ASV platform by India, Pakistan and UAE. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce H 1400-1T turboshafts each rated at 1,660 shp for take off. Gross weight: 21,400 lb (9,707 kg). Empty weight: 12,009 lb (5,447 kg). Dimensions: Length: 54.9 ft (16.73 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.91 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (18.9 m). Performance: Cruise speed 112 kt (207 km/h). Range: 730 nm (1,352 km). Armament: 4 x Mk 44/46, or Stingray torpedoes or depth charges; or 2 x Exocet or Sea Eagle long range anti-ship missiles; or rocket pods, cabin door-mounted machine guns.

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AW101 MERLIN

Your solution. As a global leader in helicopters,AgustaWestland offers you complete solutions designed specifically for you and your mission. From vertical lift support of military and police forces to corporate and offshore transport, to the demands of disaster relief, SAR and air medical operations.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters BELL 205/UH‑1/210 IROQUOIS (HUEY) Classic light utility helicopter in worldwide service. The latest upgrade is the Model 210 intended for certification by the US FAA. The 210 is a UH-1H rebuilt using all new Bell-certified parts to increase performance and reliability and reduce cost is the goal. Bell quotes a price of around $3 million, a DOC of around $530 an hour and a useful load 630 lb higher than that of the UH-1H. With the Honeywell T5317 engine, it offers the power to yield up to 39% increase in IGE hover ceiling on a standard day and over 275% increase in IGE hover ceiling on an extremely hot day over the performance of the UH1H, says Bell. Alternative engine installations are LHTEC’s T800, GE’s T700 and Pratt & Whitney Canada’s PT6C-67D. Global Helicopter Technologies offers tailboom strake to increase yaw authority. Seats pilot and 14 passengers. Standard UH-1H: Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L13B rated at 1,400 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 9,500 lb (4,309 kg). Empty weight: 5,210 lb (2,363 kg). Dimensions: Length: 41 ft 11 in (12.7 m). Height 11 ft 9 in (3.58 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance at 9,500 lb (4,309 kg) in ISA: Max speed: 110 kt (204 km/h). Typical Range: 251 nm (465 km), OGE hover 1,900 ft (579 m), IGE hover 10,800 ft (3,292 m), rate of climb at SL 1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s), VROC 240 ft/min (1.2 m/s). Armament: Pintle-mounted machine guns and hardpoints for fixed forward firing guns, rockets and mines.

BAE SYSTEMS AND ARMOR HOLDINGS. PROUD TO LINK FORCES.

BELL 206/OH‑58 KIOWA/TH‑67 CREEK Light scout and training helicopter in worldwide service. OH‑58A/C Kiowa scout being phased out of US Army by 2013, though improved OH-58D Kiowa Warrior (see Bell 406 entry) remains in use in scout and armed reconnaissance roles, and exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. TH‑57B/C SeaRanger primary and instrument trainer in US Navy. 135 TH‑67 Creek New Training Helicopters with crashworthy seats and fuel system delivered to US Army Aviation Centre at Fort Rucker in 1993. Taiwan has placed an order for 30 TH-67s. Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison T63‑A‑720 (250 C20J) turboshaft rated at 420 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,200 lb (1,451 kg). Payload: 1,270 lb (576 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.2 ft in (9.5 m). Height 9.5 ft (2.91 m). Rotor diameter: 33.3 ft (10.15 m). Max speed: 122 kt (226 km/h). Typical Range: 365 nm (676 km) OGE hover 8,800 ft (2,680 m), IGE hover 12,800 ft (3,900 m), rate of climb at SL 1,280 ft/min (6.5 m/s). Armament: Machine guns, rockets. 2 x Stinger air‑to‑air missiles, US Army OH‑58Cs. Machine guns and rocket pods on export variants only.

BELL 209/AH‑1S, P & F COBRA Combat proven single-engined attack helicopter in service with US Army Reserves, Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Turkey. Retired from US Army service. Upgrade packages are on offer from integrators such as Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Owego, IAI Tamam, Elbit and Rafael. All include modern digital avionics, day/night sensors, new weapons and defensive aids. Powerplant: One AlliedSignal Lycoming T53‑L‑703 turboshaft rated at 1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 10,000 lb (4,535 kg). Empty weight: 6,598 lb (2,993 kg). Dimensions: Length: 44.6 ft (13.59 m). Height: 13.2 ft (4.02 m). Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 322 nm (597 km) OGE hover 4,500 ft (1,368 m), IGE hover 12,200 ft (3,718 m), VROC 400 ft/min (2 m/s). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon, 76 x 2.75 in/70 mm rockets, 8 x TOW anti‑tank missiles. Rafael has integrated its NTD missile as part of its HELICOAT upgrade package.

BAE Systems and Armor Holdings have joined forces. Our expanded capabilities position us to better serve the men and women of our armed forces worldwide. We’re now leading the way in delivering integrated defence and security solutions across land, sea and air. One of the ways we deliver advantage in the real world.

www.baesystems.com/armorholdings 14




BELL 209/AH‑1W SUPERCOBRA

BELL AH-1Z VIPER

Twin‑engined attack helicopter developed for US Marine Corps. SuperCobra was derived from AH-1T SeaCobra, replacing P&W PT-6 Twin Pac with GE T700 engines, but retaining two blade main rotor and analog cockpit. Mid-life update added Night Targeting System able to detect, acquire, track, lock on, range and designate targets in day, night and adverse weather conditions. Most USMC machines set for upgrade to AH1Z standard with four blade main rotor and major avionics upgrade (described under Bell AH-1Z). Twin-engined Cobras are also operated by the Iranian Army (AH-1J), the Turkish Land Forces (AH-1W) and the Taiwanese Army (AH-1W). Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑401 rated at 2,032 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 14,750 lb (6,700 kg). Empty weight: 10,300 lb (4,271 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58 ft (17.7 m). Height: 14.6 ft (4.44 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.6 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 317 nm (587 km). Armament: Turreted 20 mm cannon with 750 rounds, 8 x TOW or Hellfire ATM, 2.75 in/70 mm rockets, Sidewinder AAM.

Major SuperCobra upgrade in the engineering and manufacturing development stage. 280 SuperCobra and 100 Twin Huey upgrades for USMC. Zero-timed helicopter will have new four-bladed all-composite, hingeless, bearingless rotor system, drive train, engine, transmissions, hydraulics, electrical systems and tailboom. Digital mission avionics are all new. Lockheed Martin/L3 Wescam Target Sight System includes a high resolution FLIR, a dual field-of-view TV with zoom capability and a laser rangefinder/designator. Pilotage FLIR will feed Thales TopOwl helmet display. Podded Longbow radar has been proposed. The first production aircraft rolled out in September 06. The US Navy is scheduled to receive aircraft through 2009 when plans call for 15 to be delivered. Critical operational evaluation phase began in May 06. Passed OPEVAL and now in Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) phase III, though IOC has been pushed back to FY 2011. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 turboshafts. Empty weight: 12,300 lb (5,579 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,200 lb (2,812 kg). Performance: IRP Speed 185 kt (343 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063 m). Max Range: 398 nm (738 km). Armament: Stubwings have two pylons each capable of carrying a four-round Hellfire or TOW launcher, 19-tube pod for 2.75 inch rockets or a single Maverick. Tip stations support AAMs such as Sidewinder. Chin turret houses 20 mm M-197 cannon.

BELL 406/OH‑58D KIOWA WARRIOR

Bell ARH-70A

Modernised scout helicopter with day/night mast‑mounted sight, glass cockpit and four‑bladed rotor system. T703- AD-700 650 shp engine gives enhanced hot and high performance. 382 OH‑58Ds delivered by mid-1997 under US Army Helicopter Improvement Programme. All eventually upgraded to Kiowa Warrior standard with weapons and Multi‑Purpose Light Helicopter kits. Simula Cockpit Airbag System now installed in US Army aircraft. Army now has 350 ‘58Ds, 279 of which are slated for upgrades to enable them to operate until 2017. These include a 175 lb weight reduction, the FADEC-controlled 250 C30R3 engine with barrier filter, improved master controller processor unit, IDM v304, SINCGARS SIP radio, Aviation Mission Planning Station, Video Image Cross Link (VIXL) and a data transfer cartridge. Model 406 also exported to Royal Saudi Land Forces. Powerplant: RollsRoyce Allison T703‑AD‑700 (250 C30) rated at 650 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 5,500 lb (2,495 kg). Payload: 2,290 lb (998 kg). Dimensions: Length: 34.5 ft (10.48 m). Height: 12.9 ft (3.9 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.66 m). Max speed: 130 kt (241 km/h). Typical Range: 223 nm (413 km) ROC at SL 1,540 ft/min (7.9 m/s). Armament: US Army OH‑58Ds can carry four Stinger air-to-air missiles, a 0.50 cal machine gun with 500 rounds, 4 x Hellfire ATM, or 14 x 70 mm rockets. Model 406CS 4 x TOW ATM, 2 x 20 mm cannon pods with 360 rnds, 14 x 70 mm rockets.

Military variant of the commercial model 407 selected by the US Army for its post-Comanche Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter Requirement, to replace OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, using high proportion of COTS components for lower cost and reduced risk. In July 05, Bell received a contract worth $2.2 billion to build 368 ARHs between 2006 and 2013. ARH can seat two pilots and three passengers. Bell is working with Lockheed Martin to integrate the mission equipment package into the US Army’s net-centric environment. MEP includes a chin-mounted FLIR Systems Brite Star recce and targeting pod containing thermal imager, colour TV camera (with fusion capability), laser rangefinder, designator and spot tracker. Cockpit displays are based on Common Avionics Achitecture System (CAAS) including two large colour LCD multifunction displays. Nav system includes H-76 ACE global navigation system, MMR “Tophat” (VOR/ILS/GS/Marker Beacon) and ARN-153-V4 TACAN. Comprehensive comms and situational awareness package. ASE fit consists of AN/APR-39B(V2) RWR, AN/AAR-47(V2) MAWS and an AN/ALE-47 countermeasures dispenser. It flew for the first time on Thursday 20 July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 925 shp Honeywell HTS 900 turboshaft. HOGE: 4,000 ft at 95°F. Endurance: 2.33 hours. Range: 362 km. Armament: GAU-19 (.50 cal) or GAU-17 (7.62mm) gatling guns; up to 38 2.75” rockets (inc APKWS laser-guided rockets), AGM-114 Hellfire missiles.

BELL 412EP/CH 146

BELL USMC UH-1Y VENOM

Twin‑engine medium support helicopter derived from model 212/Twin Huey, but differentiated visually by four-blade main rotor. Seats 15 including two pilots. Produced by Bell Canada, IPTN in Indonesia and Agusta in Italy. Wide opening doors to accommodate a two-ton capacity forklift. Said to offer the highest dispatch reliability of any twin engi ne aircraft and lowest seat mile cost in its class. Features rupture resistant fuel cells, energy absorbing crew seats and collective mounted throttles as standard equipment. Dual digital automatic flight control system allows for easy integration of automatic approach to hover and automatic hover capabilities. Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada T400‑CP400 (PT6T‑3D) rated at 1,800 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,900 lb (5,398 kg). Empty weight: 6,350 lb (2,962 kg). Dimensions: Length: 42.4 ft (12.90 m). Height: 10.8 ft (3.3 m). Rotor diameter: 46 ft (14 m). Performance (at maximum gross weight in ISA): Max speed: 140 kt (259 km/h). Typical Range: 338 nm (626 km), OGE hover 5,200 ft (1,585 m), IGE hover 10,200 ft (3,120 m). Armament: 12.7 mm/7.62 mm machine guns; 70 mm rockets.

Originally planned as Twin Huey upgrade, all but the first UH-1Ys will now use new-build airframes for speed, so that a ‘donor’ UH-1N does not have to be taken out of service until a UH-1Y Venom is delivered. Drive train and four-bladed, all-composite rotor system and core digital avionics identical to those of AH-1Z, commonality that is expected to save USMC $3 billion over 30 years. The passive self-defence suite will comprise the AN/APR39A (V)2 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR), AN/AVR-2 laser warning receiver and the AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System (MAWS). Active countermeasures will consist of a AN/ALQ-144 infra-red jammer and an ALE-47 decoy dispensing system. First production aircraft rolled out in September 06. The US Navy has awarded Bell a firm fixed-priceincentive fee contract for the FY07 low rate initial production lot of nine UH-1Y aircraft. IOC is planned for September 2008. First production UH-1Y first flew on 18 November 2006. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric GE-T700 turboshaft engines. Empty weight: 11,565 lb (5,246 kg). Max gross weight: 18,500 lb (8,392 kg). Max useful load: 6,935 lb (3,146 kg). Performance: IRP Speed 160 kt (296 km/h). Max continuous speed: 148 kt (274 km/h). Hover: OGE 16,500 ft (5,063 m). Max range: 373 nm (691 km). Armament: LAU 68 (7-tube) or LAU-61 (19-tube) launchers for 2.75-inch rockets; Browning type GAU-16 .50 cal machine gun, M240D 7.26 GPMG, GAU-17 7.62 mm Minigun.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters BELL‑BOEING V‑22 OSPREY

7-1/2" Live

Tiltrotor aircraft being developed for USMC, USN and USAF, now in fullrate production. Combines VTOL and hover capability with fixed-wing turboprop speed and range. Features fly-by-wire controls and extensive use of composites and advanced manufacturing techniques.  VMX-22, the US Marine Corps Tiltrotor Test and Evaluation Squadron, successfully completed the MV-22 operational test and evaluation in the summer of 2005. It demonstrated over 2,600-miles range with one air-to-air refueling. The V-22 also recorded cruise speeds of 255 knots, all the while operating with better reliability and mission capability than the specification thresholds. It is due for its first combat deployment to Iraq in late 2007, amid criticism of the aircraft’s potential vulnerability and lack of suppressive fire weapons, though BAE has tested an RGS turret solution for the V-22, which would provide 360 degree coverage using a 3-barrel 7.62mm GAU-17 Minigun. Powerplant: 2 x Rolls-Royce Allison T406‑AD‑400 turboshafts rated at 6,150 shp. Gross weight: VTOL, 55,000 lb (24,950 kg), STOL, 60,500 lb (27,443 kg). Empty weight: 31,818 lb (14,433 kg). Dimensions: Length: 57.33 ft (17.5 m). Height: 22.1 ft (6.7 m). Rotor diameter: 39 ft (11.9 m). Performance: Dash speed: 300 kt (556 km/h), Combat Range: VTOL, 1,200 nm (2,224 km), STOL: 1,800 nm (3,332 km). Armament: Ramp, door and turret guns envisioned.

BOEING AH-6/MH-6 Little Bird

8-1/8" Trim

8-1/2" Bleed

Special operations derivative of Hughes OH-6/McDonnel Douglas Defender AH‑6/MH‑6 Mission Enhanced Little Birds equip the US Army’s 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment. The AH-6J gunship and MH6J transport (carrying up to six people on platforms mounted outside the door for quick insertion and extraction of crews) are being upgraded to a common, reconfigurable A/MH-6M Mission-Enhanced Little Bird (MELB) configuration. Later models have a new six-person foldaway system. Industrial responsibility for these retained by Boeing when the rest of the product line went to MD Helicopters. Boeing has developed an optionallymanned UAV version (pictured). Armament (AH-6): up to two 7.62 Dillon M-134 Miniguns and two seven-shot 2.75 rocket pods; 12.7 mm (0.50 in) machine guns, GD Mk19 40mm grenade launcher, Hellfire, and air-to-air Stinger missiles. Can be fitted with nose- or mastmounted weapon sights.

Today, combat means extreme environments.

BOEING AH‑64A APACHE Heavy attack helicopter developed for the US Army and widely exported. Entered US Army service in 1984. Pilotage and targeting FLIRs give day, night and adverse weather combat capability. Pilotage FLIR imagery and symbology fed to monocular IHADSS helmet, which can also be used to aim the gun. Target Acquisition and Designation Sight (TADS) is primary targeting sensor with FLIR, TV, direct view telescope, laser rangefinder & designator. Designed for ballistic tolerance and crashworthiness. Full protection against 12.7 mm rounds and major component protection against 23 mm rounds. Combat proven in many places particularly Afghanistan and Iraq, has shown itself capable of remaining in the fight despite heavy battle damage including RPG hits. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700 GE701C turboshafts rated 1,800 shp. Gross weight: 21,100 lb (9,570 kg). Empty weight: 11,150 lb (5,060 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: 15.25 ft (4.64 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance: HOGE (IRP) 13,530 ft (4,120 m), twin engine service ceiling (IRP) 20,000 ft (6,100 m), single engine service ceiling (IRP) 12,480 ft (3,600 m), VROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 3,240 ft/m (990 m/m). Max speed: 197 kt (378 km/h), Max Range: 280 m (450 km). Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16 Hellfire semi-active laser guided ATGMs or 76 x 70 mm rockets.

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Mountains, deserts, harsh terrain, unpredictable weather and visibility. There’s only one helicopter strong enough and tough enough to deploy forces, firepower and equipment under such extreme conditions; that’s Chinook. From high altitudes to high heat, day or night, in adverse weather, Chinook delivers what matters most—total confidence.



BOEING AH-64D APACHE LONGBOW

CHANGHE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES Z-10 ZHISHENG

US Army says that the D model Apache is 28 times more effective than the AH-64A. Selected as the ‘combat helicopter for the future force’, it looks set to serve for the next 30 years. Combat proven in Op Iraqi Freedom, widely exported. Differences from A model centre on a millimetre wave fire control radar, RF Hellfire missiles, a new NVG compatible integrated cockpit and enhanced digital communications. New Lockheed Martin ‘Arrowhead’ pilotage and targeting now being fitted, along with electronic targeting display. Visually distinguishable from AH-64A by enlarged forward avionics bays and often by mast-mounted Longbow radar ‘doughnut.’ Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700-GE701C turboshafts rated 1,890 shp (1,409 kW) or 2 x Rolls-Royce Turbomeca RTM 322s. Max Gross weight: with maximum internal and external fuel 23,500 lb. Empty weight: 11,800 lb (5,352 kg). Dimensions: Length: 58.2 ft (17.7 m). Height: to top of radome 16.25 ft (3.59 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.63 m). Performance: HOGE (MRP, standard day) 10,100 ft (3,075 m), HIGE (MRP, standard day) 14,300 ft (4,360 m), VROC (MRP) 1,660 ft/m (505 m/m), max ROC (IRP) 2,530 ft/m (770 m/m), cruise speed (MCP) 143 kt (265 km/h), design limit speed 197 kt (365 km/h). Max Range: on internal fuel 260 m (481 km). Armament: 30 mm Chain Gun® cannon with 1,200 rounds, 16 laser or mmW radar Hellfire ATMs, 4 Stinger or Starstreak airto-air missiles or 76 x 70 mm rockets. Will be a major platform for new Joint Common Missile.

Tandem two-seat attack helicopter under development for the People’s Liberation Army by Changhe Aircraft industries and the China Helicopter Research and Development Institute. Its general appearance and engine ratings suggest an aircraft a little larger and more powerful than a Tiger. The ‘diamond’ fuselage cross section and blending of the stub wing roots into the fuselage suggest efforts to reduce the radar cross section, but the rotor head is exposed and the landing gear is fixed, both features that will produce strong radar returns. In one shot inside a hangar the engine exhausts feature upturned outlets to mix hot gases with rotor wash, reducing the IR signature, but in airborne photos the exit appears to be to the side. Turrets that appear to be pilotage and targeting sensors are mounted on the nose, Apache style. The main rotor has five blades while the tail rotor, mounted scissor style on the right hand side of the vertical stabiliser. The horizontal stabiliser is symmetrical while the lower fin also carries the tail wheel. The slightly forward swept stub wings appear to have two hard points each underneath for large loads and one on each tip, possibly for EW equipment. Powerplant: Two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67Cs rated at 1,531 shp (1,134 kW) each. Armament: Long-barrelled cannon in a chin turret looks beefy enough to be a 30 mm weapon. Some airborne photos show eight slim, tubed missiles, while a hangar shot shows larger, Hellfire-like weapons, probably HJ-10s.

BOEING CH-47F/MH-47G

DENEL AVIATION AH-2 ROOIVALK

The latest US Army Chinook is the CH-47F Improved Cargo Helicopter, mainly remanufactured from earlier models, adding improved avionics, vibration reduction, and T55-GA-714A engines. These will improve performance (especially ‘hot and high’), will enhance lift performance by approximately 3,900 lbs and will reduce operational and support costs to below those of the CH-47D while providing another 20 years of service. Seats two cockpit crew and 33 troops or 24 litters. The US Army will convert its entire fleet of 397 CH-47D Chinooks to CH-47F standards, and will also procure at least 55 additional new-build CH-47Fs. The first production CH-47F rolled out in June 2006. The MH-47G Service Life Extension Program is the special operations version, with AAR capability, extra internal fuel, additional surveillance sensors, and defensive/survivability equipment, a dual embedded Global Positioning System, and various advanced datalinks. Some 61 MH-47Gs will replace Task Force 160’s 34 MH-47D and E models. The first was redelivered to the Night Stalkers in May 2004 and about 30 are now in service. Powerplant: 2 x 4,868 shp Honeywell T55-GA-714A engines. Max gross weight: 50,000 lb. Payload:(CH-47F) 21,000 lb. Performance at 50,000 lb: SL cruise: 143 kt, Rate of climb: 1,522 ft/min, Range: SL and ISA, 230 nm. Boeing claims a mission radius greater than 400 nm for CH-47F with Robertson extended range fuel tank.

Tandem-seat attack helicopter developed by South Africa’s Denel Aviation for the SAAF, using Puma dynamics. 12 aircraft delivered, equipping No.16 squadron. Optimised for NOE operation, by day and night and in bad weather. Low crew workload is claimed thanks to its flying qualities, glass cockpits with automation, helmet-mounted sight and display system, and low vibration. Designed to perform its mission at 8,000 ft density altitude. Engines provide increased OEI capabilities, and include intake air filters and infra-red suppressors as standard. Optimised for low maintenance and minimum infrastructure. Production complete and development abandoned after failure to win Turkish order. No further orders reported or likely. Production line turned over to A109 LUH. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Makila 1K2 turboshafts developing 2,243 kW take-off rating. OEI 30 sec super contingency rating 1,573 kW. Max take-off weight: 8,750 kg. Performance: Cruise speed (anti-tank configuration): 140 kt (259 km/h). Max sideways speed: 50 kt. Max range (internal fuel): 380 nm (703 km), (external fuel): 680 nm (1,260 km). Max hover ceiling: OGE: 17,900 ft, IGE: 19,200 ft. Excess hover power margin: +39% (OGE - sea level). Armament: Articulated, dual-feed 20 mm cannon. Up to 16 Mokopa missiles. Ability to fire Hellfire and HOT. Up to 76 rockets of 70 mm calibre (FZ 90). Up to 4 Mistral AAMs on the two outboard stations.

BOEING CH‑47SD (Super D) CHINOOK

ENSTROM F28F and 280FX

Produced for various military and civilian configurations for the US Army and widely exported. More than 600 are in service around the world. Launched CH-47SD (Super D) configuration for international customers in 1998 incorporating several advanced systems to improve reliability and economy, including an advanced digital cockpit. New cockpit features full colour multifunction displays and electronic flight instruments. Benefits include reduced workloads for aircrew and maintenance personnel and the flexibility to incorporate future technology improvements. Upgraded RNLAF Chinooks are the first to incorporate a similar new advanced cockpit. Powerplant: 2 x AlliedSignal Lycoming T55--GA-714A turboshafts rated at 4,075 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 54,000 lb (24,493 kg). Empty weight: 25,463 lb (11,549 kg). Useful load: 28,537 lb (12,943 kg). External Dimensions: Length: 52 ft (15.9 m). Height: 18.7 ft (5.68 m). Rotor diameter: 60 ft (18.29 m). Internal Dimensions: Length: 30 ft (9.1 m). Width: 7.5 ft (2.3 m). Height: 6.5 ft (1.9 m). Performance: Vmcp: 155 kt (287 km/h). Range, SL and ISA: 252 nm (1,208 km). HIGE: 9,307 ft (2,837 m). HOGE: 5,492 ft (1,674 m). Armament: Door and ramp-mounted machine guns of various types are often fitted, some with laser aiming devices.

The F28F and 280FX are light observation and training helicopters in service with the Colombian Air Force plus the Chilean and Peruvian armies. Powered by turbo-charged piston engines, these two-seat machines are designed to provide a combination of high performance and low operating costs. A standard throttle correlator helps to provide positive training transfer to larger, more complex, turbine-engined helicopters.Powerplant: Single AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-F1AD 4-cyl, air cooled, turbocharged piston engine rated at 225 hp. Gross weight: 2,600 lb (1,179.36 kg). Empty weight: 1,570 lb (712.15 kg). Dimensions: Length: 29.3 ft (8.93 m). Rotor diameter: 32 ft (9.75 m ). Height: 9 ft (2.743 m). Performance: Vne 102 kt (188.9 kph), service ceiling 12,000 ft (3,657 m), OGE hover ceiling 8,700 ft (2,651 m). Range: 300 statute miles (482.8 km). Armament: None.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters EUROCOPTER SA 330 PUMA Battlefield utility helicopter originally built for French Army, French Air Force and RAF, now in service with around 34 countries. No longer built or marketed by Eurocopter, Puma is built in Romania by IAR as the IAR 330L. Romanian SOCAT is an upgraded Puma with a state-of-the-art attack helicopter mission system from Elbit in Israel. Denel’s Oryx is another upgraded Puma developed for the South African Air Force and offered internationally as a utility machine or a gunship. Oryx has Topaz engines optimised for hot, high and dusty conditions. Seats two crew and up to 21 troops. RAF considering upgrade to ‘Puma Gold’ or HC.Mk 2 standard to extend life beyond 2017. Original AS330: Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Turmo turboshafts of various marks. Max gross weight: 16,325 lb (7,400 kg). Empty weight: 7,970 lb (3,615 kg). Length: 59.65 ft (18.22 m). Height: 14.9 ft (4.54 m). Rotor diameter: 49.74 ft (15.08 m). Performance at 7,400 kg in ISA: Max speed: 142 kt (263 kph). HOGE: 5,580 ft (2,300 m). HIGE: 7,545 ft (2,300 m). Armament: Machine guns, turreted cannon on SOCAT Puma, rockets, ATGMS.

EUROCOPTER AS 532 COUGAR UE is the basic version with a long fuselage, marketed for tactical transport and logistical support missions. SC is the navalized version intended for anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. UC is the short utility version for tactical transport and external load carrying. AC and AL are armed versions which can be equipped with pod-mounted cannons, rocket launchers and side firing cannon. UL is the medium tonnage tactical transport. The first of 12 AS 532 AL Cougars was handed over to the Bulgarian Air Force in August 06, part of a deal worth €360 million also involving 6 AS565MB Panthers, improving the Bulgarian Air Force’s interoperability with its NATO partners. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Makila 1A1 turboshafts rated at 1,819 shp for take-off. Gross weight: 19,840 lb (9,000 kg), Empty weight: ranging from UC 9,622 lb (4,365 kg) to SC 10,048 lb (4,558 kg). Sling load: 9,920 lb (4,500 kg). Dimensions: Length: short versions 50.95 ft (15.53 m), long versions 53.44 ft (16.29 m). Height: 16.14 ft (4.92 m). Rotor diameter: 51.18 ft (15.6 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed: ranging from SC 233 kph (126 kt) to UC/AC/UL/AL 258 km/h (139 kt).Armament: Machine guns, cannon and rockets, Exocet anti-ship missiles, radar, torpedoes.

EUROCOPTER AS 550 C3 FENNEC Light, seven-seat, single-turbine helicopter derived from the AS 350 B3, but with reinforcement for installation of weapon stub wings built in at manufacture. Originally designed for observation missions, commando transport and sling load operations, it can be converted into a gunship. Operated as anti-tank aircraft with HeliTOW system by Denmark, as a basic trainer by the UK (using the civilian Squirrel name) and in a variety of roles by many other nations. Saudi Arabia ordered some 32 Fennecs during 2006. Extensive use of composites in cabin structure, Starflex rotor head and blades. Powerplant: Turbomeca Arriel 2B developing 847 shp and fitted with FADEC. Max weight: 4,960 lb (2,250 kg), 6,172 lb (2,800 kg) with external load. Fast Cruise: 136 kt (253 km/h) Range: at max weight 350 nm (648 km). Armament: Can carry 20 mm cannon, rockets or machine guns. Anti-tank configuration equipped with TOW missiles and Helitow sighting system, or Rafael Spike ER fibre-optic guided missiles.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters EUROCOPTER AS555 FENNEC 2 Twin-engined version of the Fennec. AS555UN is the utility machine intended for recce/observation missions, used by French forces for IFR training, good hot and high performance from Turbomeca Arrius engines. AS555AN is the armed version qualified to fire cannon, rockets and machine guns. UN and AN can carry a pilot and up to 5 troops or a 2,500 lb (1,134 kg) sling load. AS555MN is the basic naval version for maritime surveillance and over-the-horizon targeting for warships. AS 555SN is the maritime variant ordered for the Royal Malaysian Navy (6) in 2001 for training and surveillance/OTHT roles. MN and SN can take a pilot and up to 3 troops or the same sling load as the UN/AN variants. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arrius TM319 1A1 turboshafts with a super contingency rating of 520 shp (388 kW). Gross weight: 5,600 lb (2,540 kg) or 5,732 lb (2,600 kg) with external load. Dimensions: Length: 35.8 ft (10.93 m). Height: 10.96 ft (3.34 m). Rotor diameter: 35 ft (10.69 m). Performance: Fast cruise speed at max gross weight 118 kt (220 km/h), max range with max gross weight take-off 386 nm (715 km). Armament: Pod or pintle mounted machine guns, 20 mm cannon, rockets, TOW anti‑tank missiles, ASW torpedo.

EUROCOPTER AS565 PANTHER Intermediate-sized turbine-powered twin derived from civil Dauphin. The UB version is for light tactical transport and casualty-carrying missions. The SB is an armed navalized version for anti-surface vessel attack antisubmarine warfare, or SAR. Features a four-bladed Starflex composite rotor head, composite main rotor blades and a Fenestron fan-in-fin antitorque and yaw control system. Saudi Arabia ordered four for CSAR duties during 2006. The EC155/AS 565 Panther forms the basis of the Korean Helicopter Program (KHP) utility helicopter, 245 of which are due to be built from 2011. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arriel 2C turboshafts developing 977 shp. Gross weight: 9,480 lb (4,300 kg). Empty weight: 5,082 lb (2,305 kg). Dimensions: Length: 39.73 ft (12.11 m). Height: 13.02 ft (3.97 m). Rotor diameter: 39.17 ft (11.94 m). Performance: Max speed: 148 kt, Range: 440 nm (814 km). Armament: Battlefield – podded 20 mm cannon, rockets and machine guns. ASW – 2 torpedoes & MAD or 1 torpedo & dipping sonar, ASV versions 4 ‑AS15TT missiles & Agrion radar.

UNRIVALLED PROTECTION Wallop Defence Systems is the world's foremost producer of MTV Infra-Red Decoy Flares, Dual-Spectral Decoy Flares, Radar Countermeasure Chaff, Naval Decoy Systems and Pyrotechnic Signalling Systems. Our UK facilities are on the leading edge of design, development and manufacture of countermeasure products for military application.

EUROCOPTER EC 120 New generation light single-engined turbine powered helicopter marketed for training, observation and utility missions. High performance, low maintenance costs and low noise are selling points. Features three-bladed Spheriflex fully articulated main rotor and new quiet Fenestron antitorque system. Good lead-in trainer for larger modern types. Seats five. Now in service with the Spanish armed forces as a basic trainer. The first of 10 EC120 Light Sign Cutters ordered by the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) service was delivered in July 06. Powerplant: 1 x 504 shp (376 kW) Turbomeca Arrius 2F turboshaft. Gross weight: 3,750 lb (1,700 kg). Empty weight: 1,929 lb (875 kg). Dimensions: Length: 31.5 ft (9.6 m). Rotor diameter: 32.81 ft (10 m). Performance: Max cruise speed: 124 kt (230 kph). Typical Range: 395 nm (732 km). Armament: None publicised so far.

Wallop Defence Systems Ltd , Hampshire, United Kingdom www.wallopdefence.com [email protected]

Esterline Defense Group , Corporate Headquarters, California, USA www.armtecdefense.com [email protected]

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EUROCOPTER EC 635

EUROCOPTER UH-72A LAKOTA

Light utility variant of the EC135 light twin. A mock-up, with a full weapons fit, was shown for the first time at Eurosatory ’98. Advanced systems include the composite flex-beam FVW rotor head with four composite blades and the ‘quiet’ Fenestron with unequally spaced blades and sound attenuation chambers in the fin. Accommodates one pilot and seven or eight soldiers or two pilots and six or seven soldiers. Avionics options include a Thales Meghas glass cockpit or conventional electromechanical instrument displays, with EW suite. The German Army Aviation School at Buckeburg has been operating 14 EC635s since 2000 and logged its 30,000th hour on them in August 2006. The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) ordered four in January, enlarging its operational fleet of EC635s. Switzerland ordered 20 in April 06, 18 EC635 for utility and advanced training missions and two civil EC135s for VIP/ parliamentarian transport missions. The first of these flew for the first time on 23 May 2007. Powerplant: 2 x Turbomeca Arrius 2B1 at 750 shp or 2 x Pratt & Whitney at 732 shp. Gross weight: 6,250 lb (2,835 kg). Sling load capacity: 3,000 lb (1,360 kg) Length: 33.5 ft (10.20 m). Height: 11.9 ft (3.62 m). Rotor diameter: 33.5 ft (10.2 m). Max speed: 138 kt (256 km/ h). Range: 365 nm (675 km). Armament: Proposed with full weapon system capability. Weapons tested in 2001 include FN HMP400 gun pod, GIAT NC 621 20 mm cannon and 12-shot 70 mm rocket launcher.

Militarised version of the civil/parapublic EC-145 selected to meet the US Army’s Light Utility Helicopter requirement, aimed at replacing most US Army UH-1s and OH-58A/Cs. Produced and supported by a team consisting of Eurocopter, Sikorsky (contractor logistics support), WestWind Technologies (rapid systems integration) and CAE (simulation and training) the UH-72A will be acquired as a Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS)/NonDevelopmental Item (NDI) aircraft that is already Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) Type Standard Certified. The aircraft is expected to enter service by 30 October 2008. EC-145 is a substantially upgraded variant of the proven BK-117 family. It features the semi-rigid ‘System Bolkow’ rotor derived from the Bo-105. Can seat two pilots and up to eight passengers (although parapublic version shows six crashworthy troop seats). Clamshell doors and high tail rotor allow loading from rear of cabin as well as via large sliding doors on both sides. Airframe, systems and seating meet the latest civil crashworthiness standards. . Powerplant: 2 x 738 shp (take-off) Turbomeca ARRIEL 1E2 turboshafts. Maximum speed (Vne) at SL: 145 kt. Hover ceiling IGE: 11,300 ft. Hover ceiling: OGE 9,000 ft. Range at SL: 370 nm. Maximum take-off weight: 7,903 lb. Maximum weight with external load: 7,903 lb. Useful load: 3,953 lb. Length (rotor rotating): 42.7 ft. Fuselage length: 33.4 ft. Height: 11.3 ft. Fuselage width: 5.7 ft. Main rotor diameter: 36.1 ft. Tail rotor diameter: 6.4 ft.

EUROCOPTER EC655 TIGER

EUROMIL MI-38

Attack helicopter developed for French and German armies and also selected by Spain and Australia. All-composite airframe and rotors, NVGcompatible glass cockpit with colour screens, FADEC-controlled engines with IR suppressors. The German multi-role UHT features the Osiris mastmounted sight with 2nd generation thermal imager, TV camera and laser rangefinder. France’s HAD variant features the Stryx roof-mounted sight with thermal imager, TV camera, direct view telescope and laser rangefinder. Engine and weapon system upgrades turned the HAP into the HAD with a higher gross weight. The first serial UH Tiger was handed over to the German Army on April 6, 2005. So far, four countries have ordered a total of 206 Tigers, and by June 2006, 28 production Tigers were flying. Powerplant: 2 x MTU/Turbomeca/Rolls‑Royce MTR 390 turboshafts rated at 1,284 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,687 lb‑12,789 lb (5,300 kg‑5,800 kg). Alternative gross weight: 6,000 kg (13,250 lb). Empty weight: 7,275 lb (3,300 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 51.89 ft (15.82 m). Height: (tail rotor turning) 14.17 ft (4.32 m). Rotor diameter: 42.64 ft (13 m). Performance: Max speed: 140 kt (260 km/h), mission endurance 2 hr 50 min. Armament: Typical anti‑tank load: 2 x 4 TRIGAT LR or Hellfire anti‑tank missiles, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles. Typical escort/combat support load: 30 mm turret‑mounted cannon, 4 x air‑to‑air missiles, 2 x 22 rockets. Typical multi-role load: 4 x ATGMs, 22 rockets, podded 12.7 mm gun, 2 AAMs.

New, EH-101-sized medium twin developed to meet both Russian and Western (FAR-29 and JAR-29) certification standards as well as military requirements. Conventional pod-and-boom configuration similar to a scaled down Mil Mi-26. Fuselage features rear ramp. Single main rotor has six composite blades with varied twist and swept tips. Titanium rotor head has elastomeric bearings. Two twin-blade tail rotors on same shaft in scissors configuration. New turboshaft engines developed by Pratt & Whitney Canada for Western versions, and modern glass cockpit. Euromil consists of Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, Kazan Helicopters and Eurocopter. First flew on 22 December 2003. Powerplant: 2 x 2,500 shp (1,863 kW) Klimov TVA-3000 or Pratt & Whitney Russia (a P&WC affiliate) PW-127 TS turboshafts. Gross weight: 15,600 kg (34,392 lb). Max internal load: 5,000 kg (11,023 lb). Max external load: 7,000 kg (15,432 lb). Max/cruise speeds at max gross weight: 275/250 kph (148/135 kt). Hover ceiling: 2,800 m (8,203 ft). Service ceiling: 5,100 m (16,732 ft). Range: 1,300 km (701 nm). Main rotor diameter: 21.1 m (69 ft 2.75 in). Tail rotor diameter: 3.84 m (12 ft 7.25 in). Length (rotors turning): 25.2 m (82 ft 8 in). Fuselage length: 19.95 m (65 ft 5.5 in). Width: 3.17 m (10 ft 4.75 in). Max cabin width: 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in). Max cabin length: 10.7 m (35 ft 1.25 in).

EUROCOPTER EC 725

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD ADVANCED LIGHT HELICOPTER (ALH)

Substantially upgraded Cougar Mk 2 (originally referred to as the Mk 2+) with the five-bladed Spheriflex main rotor hub from the NH90 and new blades with a composite spar and parabolic blade tips with an anhedral profile. More powerful engines drive a new main gearbox with 30-minute run-dry capability. Flew for the first time in November 2000. Avionics centre on a new Integrated Flight and Display System (IFDS) and a fouraxis autopilot. French Air Force has ordered CSAR versions with in-flight refuelling, gun and rocket pods, electro-optical pod. Minimum VFR crew is one pilot, two for IFR. Cabin seats one chief of stick plus 28 troops. Accommodates up to 12 stretchers and four seats in casevac role. Civilian equivalent is the EC 225. The French Air Force is the launch customer and will ultimately operate six of them for CSAR missions. The French Army will acquire eight for its Special Operations Squadron. Powerplant: 2 x 1,800 kW (2,413 shp) - emergency rating - Turbomeca Makila 2A turboshafts. Dimensions: Length: 55.08 ft (18.79 m). Rotor diameter: 53.14 ft (16.2 m). Height: 16.3 ft (4.97 m). MTOW with internal payload 11,000 kg (24,265 lb). MTOW with external payload 11,200 kg (24,691 lb). Fast cruise speed [at 9,750 kg (21,495 lb) at 3,000 ft in ISA +20°C] 160 kt. Max range at MTOW: 783 nm. Armament: Can be fitted with podded 20 mm guns, 68 mm rocket launchers as well as cabin-mounted machine guns.

Multi‑role helicopter developed for India’s Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard with technical support from Eurocopter Deutschland. Hingeless four-blade FEL (Fibre ELastomer) composite main rotor design based on similar to that of Eurocopter Tiger. Now in service in small numbers with each service. Airframe and rotors largely composite, crashworthy seats, sliding side doors and large rear clamshell doors, cockpit NVG compatible. Army and Air Force versions have skid landing gear. Naval and civil ALH have tricycle retractable undercarriage. Naval aircraft has DRDOdeveloped SV2000 radar, indigenous sonar and FLIR. Blade folding fitted to naval variant. The up-engined, weaponised Dhruv first flew on 16 August 2007. Powerplant: 2 x 1,000 shp Turbomeca TM 333 turboshaft engines, later examples will have Turbomeca Ardiden engines rated at 1,200 shp (900 kW) Gross weight: 12,125 lb (5,590 kg). Empty weight: 5,511 lb (2,500 kg). Dimensions: Main rotor diameter: 43.3 ft (13.2 m). Tail rotor diameter: 8.3 ft (2.55 m). Length: (rotors turning) 52 ft (15.87 m). Height: 16.11 ft (4.91 m). Performance: Cruise speed 155 mph (250 km/ h), max continuous speed 174 mph (280 km/h), Vne 189 mph (305 km/h). Range: with 20 min reserve 558.9 miles (900 km), endurance with 20 min reserve 4.20 hrs. Armament: 20 mm turreted gun, 4 x ATGMs, 2 x 68 mm rocket pods, 2 x AAMs, land mines, naval version could carry 2 x homing torpedoes or 2 x depth charges or up to 4 x anti‑ship missiles.

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HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHEETAH/LANCER

KAMOV KA‑27/28/29/31 HELIX

Indian licence-built version of Aerospatiale’s SA-315B Lama specially developed for high altitude operations; still holds world record for highest altitude (12,442 m) for any class of helicopter. Seating for pilot and 4 passengers. Used in high altitude observation, rescue and close air support roles. Lancer is a light attack version with composite armour protection for crew seats, control linkages and fuel tank. Upgraded version with Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetal and offers much greater high altitude performance. Powerplant: Turbomeca Artouste IIIB (also made by HAL). Gross weight: 4,300 lb (1,950 kg), Empty weight: 2,425 lb (1,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.62 ft (10.236 m), Height: 10.15 ft (3.090 m). Rotor diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02m). Performance: Max speed: 117 kt (210 kph). Range: (302.3 nm) 560 km.Armament: 2 x pintle-mounted Light Machine Guns or two jettisonable gun/ rocket pods each carrying a 12.7 mm gun and three 70 mm rockets on Lancer version.

Heavy maritime helicopter has coaxial rotor system and no tail rotor. Entered in service in 1981. Helicopter has ASW role, crew of 3, powerful radar, dipping sonar, sonobuoys, magnetic detector. KA-27PS (HELIX-D) is equipped for SAR with ‘Osminog’ radar beacon receiver, search radio compass, life-rafts and medical equipment. KA-28 is export ASW version. Ka-29 is assault transport. KA-31 is airborne warning and control radar helicopter. Optional equipment: emergency floats, 300 kg hoist, external sling 5,000 kg. External sling up to 7,000 kg and larger volume cabin are under development. Aircraft and all modifications exported to at least 16 countries including India, Serbia, the Republic of Korea and the People’s Republic of China. Crew: 3. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Take-off weight: 11,000 kg. Dimensions: Length (with folded blades) 12.25m. Height 5.45 m. Rotors diameter 15.9 m. Performance: Vmax 270 km/h. HOGE: 3,700 m. Range: 700 km (KA-28 - 1240). Armament: 1 x homing torpedo, 1 x torpedo rocket, 10 x PLAB 250-120 bombs, 2 x OMAB bombs claimed.

HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD (HAL) CHETAK

KAMOV KA-50 BLACK SHARK

Indian licence‑built version of Aerospatiale’s dated but reliable SA 316B Alouette III. Seating for pilot and 6 passengers. Used in the training and light observation naval and close air support roles. Upgraded version with Turbomeca Arrius engine is called Chetan and offers much greater high altitude performance. Powerplant: Artouste III B (also manufactured by HAL). Gross weight: 4,850 lb (2,200 kg). Empty weight: 2,712 lb (1,230 kg). Dimensions: Length: 33.4 ft (10.17 m). Height: 9.8 ft (3.09 m). Rotor diameter: 36.2 ft (11.02 m). Performance: Max speed: 117 kt (210 km/h). Range: 257.5 nm (477 km). Armament: 2 x Mk 46 torpedoes or 1 x torpedo and MAD; 2 x light machine guns; AS11 or AS12 air‑to‑surface missiles.

Single-seat attack helicopter in service with Russian Army. Coaxial rotor system. No tail rotor. Armoured cockpit is able to withstand a hit from a 23 mm shell; pilot ejection system (with rotor blade jettison) effective even at very low altitude and maximum speed; all-weather, day and night targeting and control system and weaponry enable accurate target engagement at ranges up to 10 km; equipped with downlink to provide information from the battlefield; unique manoeuvrability and operating characteristics due to the contra-rotating rotor system. Previously known as ‘Werewolf’ or by NATO code name ‘Hokum’. Combat tested in Chechnya by Russian Army in 2002. Expected to be ordered in small numbers for Special Forces support. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft rated at 2,200 shp for take-off. Normal take-off weight: 9,800 kg. Max take-off weight: 10,800 kg. Empty weight: 6,692 kg. Max useful load: 2,560 kg. Dimensions: Length: 13.5 m. Length (with rotor turning): 15.9 m. Main rotor diameter: 14.5 m. Height: 4.9 m. Performance: Vmax 310 km/h; HOGE 4,400 m. ROC (at 2,500m) 9.5 m/sec. Cruise speed: 270 km/h. Diving speed: 390 km/h. G-load: 3.5. Range: 545 km. Armament: 12 x Vikhr supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds, 4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS.

KAMAN SH‑2G SUPER SEASPRITE

KAMOV KA-52 ALLIGATOR

Upgraded version of SH-2F Seasprite. Features Kaman’s patented servo flap main rotor control system. International versions of the aircraft include the AQS-18(A) equipped SH-2G(E) operated by Egypt. The Australian Super Seasprite is a rebuilt and extensively modernised ex-USN aircraft, and features the Penguin Missile system and an advanced Integrated Tactical Avionics System. Radar, FLIR, ESM and acoustic data processor. Running six years late, the programme was saved in 2007 when a further 29 month upgrade was commissioned. The new-build Royal New Zealand Navy SH-2G emphasises Anti-Surface Warfare and employs the Maverick missile system. Both aircraft will use the APS-143 Radar as the primary targeting and navigation sensor. Four operated by the Polish Navy transferred to Poland with Perry Class frigates and on offer to Romania with a proposed integrated mission system from BAE Systems. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401 turboshafts rated at 1,723 shp. Gross weight: 14,200 lb (6,441 kg). Crew: 1 pilot, 1 TACCO/co-pilot, 1 sonar operator (optional), up to 8 fully armed troops. Useful load: 5,070 lb (2,296 kg). External hook capacity: 4,000 lb (1,814 kg). Dimensions: Length: 52.5 ft (16 m). Height: 13.38 ft (4.14 m). Rotor diameter: 44.0 ft (13.41 m). Performance: Max speed: 150 kt (278 km/h). IGE Hover: 17,600 ft (5,364 m). Max Range: 540 nm (621 km). Endurance: 5.3 hours. Armament: 2 x Mk46 ASW torpedoes or 2 x Mk50 ALWT, 2 x 7.62 mm door guns.

Multi-purpose all-weather day and night combat helicopter, designated for the battle management coordination and target acquisition for other helicopters over a battlefield, air-to-air, air-to-surface, reconnaissance and radio jamming missions. Airframe is similar to KA-50 except two-seat (side by side) cockpit. Coaxial rotor system. No tail rotor. The KA-52 carried the same type of weapons and combat survivability systems as the KA-50, including Zvezda K-37 ejection system allowing both pilots to eject simultaneously. Kamov says that the avionics suite consists of a multiplexed , multi-level digital computer based system with large storage capacity and hight speed. Observation, search and targeting systems include optical, TV, laser, IR and radar equipment and a helmet-mounted display. Erdogan was a tandem-seat joint Russian/Israeli development using IAI Lahav avionics and other Israeli weapon systems, originally aimed at Turkish AH requirement, now marketed more widely. Main technical specifications similar to KA-50 except. Take-off weight: 10,400 kg. Length: 13.5m. HOGE: 4,000 m. ROC 8.0 m/sec. Armament: 12 x Vikhr supersonic ATGMs with 8,000 m range, 950 mm armour penetration; 1 x 2A42 30 mm movable gun with 450 rounds, 4,000 m range; 80 x 80 mm rockets or 10 x 122 mm rockets; 4 x Igla B IR homing AAMS. All except the gun, which is mounted on the right hand side of the fuselage, are carried on six stub-wing-mounted pylons, as per the Ka-50.

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KAMOV KA-60 KASATKA

MD HELICOPTERS MD 500E/530F/520N DEFENDER

6.5 tonne, 16 place utility and tactical transport helicopter that makes use of state-of-the-art technologies and materials including composites in the fuselage and rotor systems and modular, FADEC-controlled engines. First flew 10 December 1998, intended as Mi-8 replacement for Russian air forces, Army Aviation, Border Police and other agencies. Only eight in service with Russian air forces. The four composite main rotor blades are attached to the hub by torsion bars. Fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor has 11 blades. Duplication and separation of main systems, rotor controls that can take 12.7 mm hits and low signatures enhance survivability. Fuel tanks are filled with explosion suppressing foam. Crew and troop seats are crashworthy, as is wheeled landing gear. Pilot in command sits on right. Basic avionics suite allows day and night IFR flight. Ka-60K naval and Ka-60R recon versions planned. MTOW: 6,500 kg. Max internal load: 2,000 kg. Max external load: 2,750 kg. Main rotor diameter: 13.8 m. Tail rotor diameter: 1.4 m. Overall length, rotors turning: 15.6 m. Fuselage length: 13.47 m. Overall height: 5.05 m. Cabin dimensions: 3.4 m L x 1.3 m H x 1.78 m W. Max speed: 300 kph. Max cruise: 265 kph. Hover ceiling: 2,000 m. Service ceiling: 5,000 m. Range: 720 km on internal fuel. Powerplant: 2 x 1,300 shp Rybinsk RD 600 turboshafts. RR Turbomeca RTM 322 and GE T700 offered for export variants.

Light scout/attack helicopter derived from the Hughes OH‑6A Cayuse and in widespread service. MD500E with Rolls-Royce Allison 250 C20B engine and MD530F with C30 engine. NOTAR system standard on MD520N, some others have ‘quiet’ tail rotors. MD530F: Powerplant: Rolls-Royce Allison 250 C30 turboshaft rated at 425 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 3,100 lb (1,406 kg). Empty weight: 1,591 lb (722 kg). Dimensions: Length: 32.6 ft (9.93 m). Height: 9.8 ft (2.98 m). Rotor diameter: 27.4 ft (8.34 m). Performance: Max speed: 152 kt (281 km/h), hover ceiling OGE (ISA) 16,000 ft (4,877 m), ROC 2,069 ft/m (10.5 m/sec), service ceiling 18,700 ft (5,700 m). Range: (sea level) 206 nm (381 km). Armament: (AH-6) two 7.62mm mini-guns; two seven-shot 2.75-inch rocket pods mounted on a custom-built unitary mounting system; .50 calibre machine guns; and Hellfire missiles. Some of these aircraft have been fitted with nose-mounted sights for special direct action missions.

KAWASAKI OH-1 ‘NINJA’

MD HELICOPTERS 600N

Tandem, two-seat armed reconnaissance helicopter for Japan Ground Self Defence Force to replace OH-6D. Longer, but smaller and lighter than AW‘s A129 Mangusta, XOH-1 (OH-X) prototype first flew in August 1996, mock-up first revealed in September 1994. Small stub wings have one pylon each for two pairs of air-to-air missiles. Four-blade, bearingless main rotor with composite blades, composite fan-in-fin anti-torque rotor with eight unevenly spaced blades. Undercarriage fixed. Roof-mounted sight houses IR camera, TV camera, laser rangefinder. IR jammer and RWR shown on some prototypes. Ballistic tolerance, crashworthy seating and wire cutters are all featured. Japan’s Technical Research and Development Institute has awarded contracts worth around 80 billion yen to prime contractor Kawasaki, which has 60% of the programme, Fuji (20%) and Mitsubishi (20%). Known in Japan as Shin-Kogata Kansoku (meaning new small observation helicopter), where some 180-200 aircraft are required to replace 297 OH-6Ds, and where four aircraft have now entered service. Powerplant: 2 x 950 shp Mitsubishi MG-5 turboshafts. Gross weight: 3,500 to 4,000 kg. Empty weight: 2,500 kg. Rotor diameter: 11.6 m. Length: 13.4 m. Height: 3.8 m. Max level speed: about 260 kph (140 kt). Combat radius: about 200 km (108 nm). Range: about 550 km (297 nm).Armament: Four Toshiba Type 91 light air-to-air missiles admitted to, podded guns, rockets, ATGMS likely, turret gun possible.

Stretched MD520N with space for eight passenger seats, eight main rotor blades instead of seven, a higher gross weight and a more powerful engine that provides good hot and high performance and a high cruising speed. The 600N uses the NOTAR anti-torque system that improves safety and resistance to battle damage. Lack of hydraulics eases maintenance. Needs stability augmentation system to reduce pilot workload. Rotor diameter: 27.5 ft (8.4 m). Fuselage length: 30.5 ft (9.3 m). Overall length: 36.9 ft. Powerplant:1 x 808 shp (derated to 600 shp for take-off, 530 shp max continuous) Rolls-Royce (Allison) 250-C47 turboshaft. Empty weight: 2,100 lb (952.5 kg). Max take-off weight: 4,100 lb (1,860 kg) or 4,700 lb (2,132 kg) with hook load. Useful load: 2,000 lb (907 kg) or 2,600 lb (1,179 kg) with hook load. Cabin length: 10.5 ft (3.2 m). Cabin width: 4.6 ft (1.4 m). Cabin height: 5 ft (1.52 m). HIGE: 11,100 ft (3,383 m). HOGE: 6,000 ft (1,828 m). Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) at 4,100 lb. Range: 380 nm (704 km).Armament: Options based on those offered for Little Birds and Combat Explorer.

KAZAN HELICOPTERS ANSAT

MD HELICOPTERS COMBAT EXPLORER

A light multi-purpose twin engine helicopter able to carry up to 6 fully equipped troops. Will be utilised in combat SAR, a ground-support gunship and command and control platform. Now engaged in its flight test programme, having flown for the first time on 17 August 1999, the Ansat was designed to meet FAR-29 standards and scheduled to receive Russian certification in the second half of 2002. Ansat is the first production light helicopter with fly-by-wire controls. Dual control Ansat UT selected in late-2001 by the Russian defence ministry as the new basic trainer for the armed forces, numbers and delivery schedules not specified. A narrow fuselage tandem two-seat Ansat 2RT reconnaissance version was shown in mock-up form at MAKS 2001 airshow in Moscow. Rotor Diameter: 37.74 ft (11.5 m). Fuselage Length: 37.87 ft (11.538 m). Overall Length: 45.19 ft (13.768 m). Powerplant: 2 x Pratt & Whitney/Klimov PW207K turboshafts. Max Take-Off Weight: 7,277 lb (3,300 kg). Max Speed: (approx) 285 km/p. Range (empty): 620 km. Cabin Dimensions: Length: 3.5 m. Max Width: 1.68 m. Max Height: 1.3 m. Volume: 7.64 m3.

Military version of new technology light twin. Tailboom incorporates NOTAR anti-torque system. Key features include a cabin for eight troops, a broad range of weapons packages, low radar and noise signatures, ability to mount mast, roof or chin sights. Used (as the MH-90) by the US Coast Guard’s Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron Ten (Hitron 10) for drug interdiction from late 1998. Unsuccessfully offered to meet US Army ARH and LUH requirements, but now in service with the Mexican Navy in ship-based anti-smuggling operations. Powerplant: 2 x 710 shp (529 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW 207E turboshafts. Gross weight: 6,000 lb (2,722 kg), ‘operational weight’ 6,900 lb (3,100 kg). Empty weight: (standard configuration) 3,265 lb (1,461 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 38.83 ft (11.84 m). Height: 12 ft (3.66 m), Rotor diameter: 33.83 ft (10.34 m). Performance (at normal gross weight with P&W engines): Max cruise speed: 134 kt (248 kph) Max Range: (at 5,000 ft or 1,524 m, ISA) 293 nm (543 km) max endurance under same conditions 3.0-3.35 hr. HOGE in ISA 10,200 ft (3,109 m), HIGE in ISA 12,600 ft (3,179 m), twin engine service ceiling 18,650 ft (5,685 m). Armament: All six Mexican Navy Combat Explorers are outfitted with 70 mm rocket pods and GAU-19/A .50 calibre Gatling guns. The MD Combat Explorer may also be equipped with M-134 7.62 Miniguns, M2 .50 calibre machine guns, Hellfire laser-guided, and Rafael N-TD missiles.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters MIL (ULAN UDE) MI-8T (HIP) Tough, battle-proven medium utility helicopter built in huge numbers for Soviet forces and client states and deployed in a wide variety of rolespecific variants. Designed by Mil, now manufactured by Ulan Ude Aviation Association in the city of Ulan Ude in eastern Russia as modernised Mi-8T, to which specs below apply. Five blade main rotor is attached to conventional fully articulated head and features a pendulum damper that smooths vibration and increases engine life to claimed 20,000 hours. Large (5.34 x 2.34 x 1.80 m) cabin features clamshell rear doors and can carry 4,000 kg, 24 passengers or 12 stretcher cases. Fitted with 150 kg capacity winch. Powerplant: 2x 1,923 shp (1,434 kW) Klimov TV2-117A turboshafts. Rotor diameter: 69 ft 10.25 in (21.29 m). Overall length, rotors turning: 82 ft 9.75 in (25.24 m). Overall height: 18 ft 6.5 in (5.65 m). MTOW: 12,000 kg (26,455 lb) for VTO. Max level speed: 140 kt (260 kph) at 1,000 m altitude and 11,100 kg normal all-up weight. HOGE: 2,785 ft (850 m) at normal AUW. HIGE: 5,905 ft (1,800 m) at normal AUW. Range: 229 nm (425 km) with 24 pax, standard fuel, 20 min reserves, 1,000 m altitude. Armament: Numerous options including AGTMs, rockets, pintle-mounted and podded machine guns, mines.

MIL Mi‑14 (HAZE) Medium sized maritime helicopter derived from the successful Mi‑8/17 Hip. Boat-hull fuselage gives ability to land on water. Haze‑A is ASW version, Haze B is fitted for mine countermeasures, Haze C is an SAR machine with double width sliding door and retractable hoist. Search lights on either side of the nose. Export customers include Bulgaria, Cuba, Libya, Poland, Romania, Syria, Yugoslavia and North Korea. Seating for 4‑5 crew. Firefighting conversion with internal water and retardant tanks marketed by German company Aerotec. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117M turboshafts rated at 1,900 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 30,865 lb (14,000 kg). Dimensions: Length: 70 ft (18.3 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.75 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 124 kt (230 km/h). Typical Range: 850 km (30 min reserves). Max fuel: 612 nm (1,135 km). Service ceiling: 4,000 m. Armament: ASW homing torpedoes, mines, depth charges carried in internal weapons bay; AMCM version tows mine disposal sled.

MIL (KAZAN) Mi‑17 V5/V7 (HIP‑H) Considerably uprated version of Mi‑8 medium multi‑role helicopter with dynamics from the Mi‑14 Haze, tail rotor moved to port side of stabiliser. Seating for 2 to 3 crew and up to 36 passengers. Originally designed by the Mil bureau with Soviet military designation Mi-8MTV, but manufactured by Kazan Helicopters. Ongoing upgrade work at Kazan includes a new APU, more powerful Klimov VK 2500 engines and modern avionics. The new SAFIR APU will allow engine starts at up to 6,000 m (from 4,000) and can work for up to six hours on the ground in generator mode. Kazan worked with Honeywell and Canada‘s Kelowna flight craft on a western avionics suite and with Transas on a Russian suite. The V5 is the current production standard. The new engines, a new main gear box and new composite main and tail rotors will define the V7 version Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VM turboshafts rated at 2,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 60.44 ft (18.42 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/ h) clean. Typical Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: 4 x 20 x 80 mm rockets, 7.62 mm machine guns, 4 x GSh‑23 gunpacks.

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MIL (ULAN UDE) Mi-171/Mi-171SH

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑28N (HAVOC)

Ulan Ude’s upgraded current production version of the classic Mil Mi-17 design, itself an upgrade of the Mi-8. Mi-171 is a ‘multipurpose transport helicopter’, the 171SH a combat transport. Mi-171 can carry up to 36 fully equipped paratroopers, or 12 stretcher cases, or 4,000 kg of cargo internally or externally. Removal of the clamshell rear doors allows carriage of outsized cargo. The 171SH is distinguished by its weapon systems that include radio command guided ATGMs and IR homing air-toair missiles as well as guns and rockets. Defensive aids include exhaust IR suppressors, chaff and flare dispensers and an omnidirectional IR jammer. It is designed to carry assault troops and provide them with fire support as well as medevac, SAR and CSAR services. Rotor head features distinctive ‘pendulum’ vibration absorber. Upgrade in progress. Powerplant: 2 x 2,200 shp (1,618 kW) Klimov TV3-117VM turboshafts. Weight: 26,660 lb (13,000 kg). Empty weight: 15,560 lb (7,100 kg). Dimensions: Length: 60.44 ft (18.42 m). Height: 15.6 ft (4.76 m). Rotor diameter: 69.7 ft (21.29 m). Performance: Max speed: 135 kt (250 km/h) clean. Typical Range: 250 nm (675 km). Armament: Shturm V radio command guided ATGMs with single (Shturm) and tandem (Ataka) shaped-charge warheads, up to four 20-shot 80 mm rocket pods, door and cockpit mounted machine guns, up to four twin 23 mm gun pods, freefall bombs.

The Mi-28N is a heavily armed and armoured attack helicopter with a 24 hour/adverse weather combat capability and high power to weight ratio. Five-bladed main rotor has composite blades with swept tips, full articulation via elastomeric bearings attached to machined titanium head. ‘Scissor’ tail rotor has two pairs of blades superimposed in flattened X configuration. Stepped tandem cockpits feature flat, armoured transparencies. Cockpit armour (titanium and ceramic) protects crew from 12.7 mm API and (unspecified) 20mm rounds. Structure, landing gear and seats are crashworthy. Fuel system is self-sealing, crashworthy and explosion resistant. AFCS allows automatic NoE flight at night and in adverse weather at altitudes from 15 down to 5 m. In July 2006, Russian defence minister Ivanov announced that the government would buy 7 Mi-28Ns by the end of 2006 and 67 within nine years. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp. Gross weight: 12,100 kg. Empty weight: 7,890 kg. Dimensions: Length: 55.3 ft (17.010 m). Height: 12.53 ft (3.82 m). Rotor diameter: 56 ft (17.2 m). Performance: Max speed: 162 kt (300 km/h). Typical Range: 254 nm (450 km). Armament: NPPU chin turret for 2A42 30 mm cannon with 250 rounds or 2 x UPK-23-250 pods with 23 mm GSh-23L gun (250 rounds), 8 x 9-M-114 Shturm, 8 x 9-M-120 Ataka radio command guided ATGMs, Igla 80 x 80 mm C‑8 rockets or 20 x 130 mm C‑13 rockets, KMGU-2 mine dispensers.

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑24/35 (HIND)

NHINDUSTRIES NH90

Formidable anti‑tank, close air support and armed assault helicopter with crew of 3 and cabin for 8 troops. Hind G is dedicated NBC/reconnaissance machine. Mi-35 is latest export variant built by Rostvertol in Rostov-onDon. Upgrade package includes main, tail rotor and transmission components from the Mi‑28, twin‑barrelled 23 mm cannon in the nose turret, 9-M‑114 and/or 9-M-120 anti‑armour missile and Igla air-to-air missiles. Upgrade packages also on offer from SAGEM in France, ATE in South Africa, BAE systems in the UK, Elbit and IAI Tamam in Israel. Powerplant: 2 x Klimov TV3‑117 VMA turboshafts rated at 2,200 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 11,500 kg. Empty weight: 8,400 kg. Dimensions: Length: 55.8 ft (18.57 m). Height: 14 ft (4.25 m). Rotor diameter: 55.8 ft (17 .3m). Performance: Max speed: 178 kt (320 km/h). Typical Range: on internal fuel 243 nm (450 km). Armament: Turreted four‑barrel 12.7 mm gun (Hind E) or fixed twin barrel GSh‑23‑2 or GSh‑30‑2 cannon (Hind F). Six hardpoints for rockets, gunpods, air‑to‑air and anti‑tank missiles. Stubwing Pylons for 8 x Shturm, 8 x Ataka anti-tank missiles and 2 x Igla air-to-air missiles. Laser guided and conventional bombs.

NH90 is a multi-national co-operative programme between France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands to develop and produce tactical transport (TTH) and naval multirole (NFH) helicopters based on a common air vehicle. It is the largest military helicopter programme in Europe, with firm orders for 453 helicopters plus 102 options by mid-2007. Spheriflex composite four-blade rotor, all-composite fuselage with tail ramp, glass cockpit, fly-by-wire controls, pilotage FLIR, defensive aids suite are main features. NHIndustries is a joint venture company between Eurocopter, Agusta and Stork Fokker. The partner nations (Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, and later Portugal) ordered 298 aircraft, plus options. Orders placed by ten further nations – Australia, Belgium, Finland, Greece, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Sweden. Powerplant: 2 x RTM-322 -01/9 or T700/T6E turboshafts rated at 2,230 max cont SHP. Gross weight: 23,370 lb (10,600 kg), Alternate GW: 24,250 lb (11,000 kg). Empty weight: 14,110 lb (6.400 kg), mission payload up to 10,140 lb (4,600 kg). Dimensions: Length: (rotors turning) 64 ft 2.25 in (19.563 m). Height: 17 ft 10 in (5.44 m). Rotor diameter: 53 ft 6 in (16.3 m). Performance: Max cruising speed: 165 kt (305 km/h). Typical Range: 540 nm (1,000 km). Armament: Lightweight ASW torpedoes, anti-ship missile, pintle-mounted machine guns.

MIL (Rostvertol) Mi‑26T (HALO) Largest operational helicopter in the world, used for transport and heavy lift work. Now marketed as a pure heavy lifter, a refuelling station for difficult locations, an ambulance/flying hospital, and a fire fighter. Equipped with rear loading ramp capable of accepting large vehicles, overhead track‑mounted hoists with 5,510 lb (2,500 kg) capacity. Eight bladed main rotor, five bladed tail rotor. First flew in December 1977. Seating for five crewmembers and up to 85 fully equipped troops or 60 stretchers. Rostvertol is engineering a major upgrade, which involves equipping the helicopter with a new all-weather avionics suite dubbed “Avionics-2000 BREO”; reducing the number of crew members to two persons (chief pilot and co-pilot-navigator); equipping the crew with night vision goggles and making the interior and exterior light NVG compatible. Power plant: 2 x ZMBK Progress D‑136 turboshafts rated at 10,000 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 123,480 lb (56,000 kg). Empty weight: 62,181 lb (28,200 kg). Payload: 44,100 lb (20,000 kg) internal or external. Dimensions: Length: 110.65 ft (33.73 m). Height: 26.72 ft (8.15 m). Rotor diameter: 105 ft (32 m). Performance: Max speed: 159 kt (295 km/h). Typical Range: 432 nm (750 km). Armament: Usually unarmed.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters PZL Mi-2 Light twin-engined helicopter developed over many years. Conventional alloy structure and fully articulated rotor systems. Seating for up to 10 people or smaller number of fully equipped troops. Used in utility, liaison, training, patrol and light attack/escort roles. Armed version designated to operate with ground troops and can be equipped with guns, rockets and missiles. Powerplant: 2 x GTD-350 at 400 shp (295 kW). Fuselage length: 39.2 ft (11.94 m). Overall length: 57.f ft (17.42 m). Rotor diameter: 47.8 ft (14,56 m). Height with tail-rotor running: 14.1 ft (4,29 m). Max take-off weight: 8,157 lb (3,700 kg). Empty weight: 5,313 lb (2,410 kg). Useful load: 2,410 lb (1,290 kg). Max speed: 113 kt (210 km/h). Max cruise speed: 91.8 kt (170 km/h). Max range: 313 nm (580 km). HOGE: 2,953 ft (900 m). HIGE: 5,239 ft (1,600 m). Service ceiling: 13,123 ft (4,000 m). Armament: NS-23 gun, PK guns, rocket launchers type S-5, S-5M, guided missile launchers.

PZL W‑3WA SOKOL Twin‑engined utility and combat support helicopter designed and built in Poland. PZL W‑3A is standard civil version. PZL W‑3RM Anakonda is SAR variant. Depending on equipment and armament, the W-3WA may be used for evacuation of casualties on stretchers, for transportation of up to 10 fully equipped troops, for fire support on the battlefield and for engaging point targets both on land and on water. Powerplant: 2 x PZL‑10W turboshafts rated 900 shp (672 kW) each for take‑off. Gross weight: 14,080 lb (6,400 kg). Useful load: 4, 581 lb (2, 078 kg) Empty weight: 9,528 lb (4,322 kg). Dimensions: Length: (with tail rotor turning) 50.2 ft (15.29 m). Height: (with tail rotor turning) 16.8 ft (5.137 m). Rotor diameter: 51.5 ft (15.7 m). Performance: Max speed: 260 km/h, range 761 km, HOGE 1,900 m, HIGE 3020 m, ROC 9.3 m/sec, VROC 2.3 m/s service ceiling 4,910 m. Armament: GSz‑23k Cannon, S‑8, S‑5 rockets, 9M32M IR guided AA missiles, PLATAN airborne minefield sowing, HOT anti-tank missiles.

SCHWEIZER TH-300C Light training helicopter derived from Hughes 269/TH-55 and produced by Schweizer Aircraft since 1983. Used by Colombia, El Salvador, Greece, Japan, Nigeria, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey and others. Militarised Model 300C has heavy-duty skids, auxiliary fuel, ADF and transponder. Seats pilot and student or passenger. Model 300CB is new dedicated trainer version with lower gross weight and operating costs. Model 330 is new turbine-powered model based on substantially uprated 300. Powerplant: AlliedSignal Lycoming HIO-360-D1A piston engine rated at 190 hp for take-off and continuous use. Gross weight: 2,050 lb (930 kg). Empty weight: 1,100 lb (499 kg). Dimensions: Length: 30.8 ft (9.4 m). Height: 8.75 ft (2.67 m). Rotor diameter: 26.8 ft (8.2 m). Performance: Max speed: 91 kt (145 km/h) Armament: Nil

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SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters SIKORSKY CH-53K The CH-53K is a brand new aircraft for the US Marine Corps designed to fit ship decks, lifts and hangars that now take CH-53Es, and to provide double the lift in USMC hot day conditions at 110 nm, a 45% reduction in direct maintenance cost, increased survivability and a 20 knot increase in speed, compared with the E model. A key requirement is to conduct an un-refuelled mission of 110 nm radius with a 27,000 pound (12,247 kg) external payload. The aircraft meets the stringent performance parameters on a “high-hot” Navy day (a pressure altitude of 3000 feet and 91.5˚ F/915 meters/33˚ C). Elastomeric main rotor head reduces O&S costs and increases flight readiness. Composite main rotor blades have advanced airfoil sections. The three new 6,000 shp class engines will feature integral air particle separators. The auxiliary power unit will have pneumatic starting. The advanced drive system will have a multiple path split torque gearbox with load sharing capability. The bearingless tail rotor hub is to feature advanced airfoils and reduced part count. Fly-by-Wire (FBW) electronic flight controls are intended to improve mission capability with reduced weight and lower life cycle costs. The hybrid composite airframe structure will provide lighter weight and lower vibration throughout aircraft life. IOC is expected in FY2015.

MH-60 Helicopters A Technology Leap for Naval Forces

SIKORSKY H‑53 SEA STALLION/SUPER STALLION CH‑53E is a three‑engined heavy‑lift helicopter for USMC and Navy, derived from twin‑engined CH‑53A/D/G (S‑65). MH‑53E Sea Dragon for US Navy and S‑80E export version for Japan are mine countermeasures helicopters. Pave Low Enhanced MH‑53Js are for US Air Force Special Operations. CH‑53A/D/G in service with US Marine Corps Reserve, Israeli Air Force (updated to Yasur 2000 standard), German Heeresfliger. RH‑53D minesweeper in US Navy Reserve. 40 of the 80 German machines being upgraded to serve until around 2030. USMC machines due to be replaced by new Heavy Lift Replacement or HLR standard (formerly CH-53X, now CH-53K) with new fuselage structure, engines, gearboxes, rotor systems and avionics – see entry below. This aircraft is a likely candidate for future European heavy lift requirements. H-53E: Powerplant: 3 x General Electric T64‑GE‑416 turboshafts rated at 4,380 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 73,500 lb (33,339 kg). Empty weight: 33,226 lb (15,071 kg). Dimensions: Length: 73.3 ft (22.35 m). Height: 18.7 ft (5.66 m). Rotor diameter: 79 ft (24.08 m). Performance: Max speed: 170 kt (315 km/h). Typical Range: 1,120 nm (2,075 km). Armament: 50 cal or 7.62 mm door and ramp guns.

SIKORSKY H-92 H-92 is the military version of commercial S-92. Stand-up cabin and developed S-70 Hawk family dynamics. Higher gross weights, more power and new composite rotor blades. Recent modifications include a larger sliding door to improve access for SAR missions, new glass cockpit. Available as a 22-troop utility and other mission specific configurations, all with cabin-width rear ramp. Selected as the airframe for Canada’s shipbased Maritime Helicopter Programme, as the CH-148 Cyclone, following the cancellation of the original CH-148 Petrel and CH-149 Chimo (EH101 variants), with a General Dynamics Canada Integrated Mission System and Sonobuoy Acoustic Processing System, a Telephonics APS-143B radar and an L-3 HELRAS sonar. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric CT7-8 turboshafts rated at 2,500 shp (1,864 kW) for take off. Gross weight: 25,500 lb (11,567 kg) internal load, 26,800 lb (12,156 kg) external load) Hook load: 10,000 lb. Performance: (@ Sea Level, ISA) 25,500 lb/11,567 kg: Maximum cruise speed: 151 kt (280 kph), best range speed 136 kt (252 kph), range 475 nm (880 km), HOGE: 5,500 ft (1,680 m), HIGE: 10,175 ft (3,100 m).

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The U.S. Navy’s most sophisticated multi-mission helicopters are available to navies worldwide. Developed for littoral zones and open ocean, the newly operational MH-60R and MH-60S are built and integrated with advanced systems to perform missions currently served by six U.S. Navy helicopters — anti-submarine and surface warfare, airborne mine countermeasures, combat search and rescue, vertical replenishment and medical evacuation. Configurable to mission preferences. Interoperable with U.S. forces. Supportable worldwide. And in production. The MH-60 multi-mission helicopters. A navy’s most versatile fleet protection asset.

SPECIFICATIONS » Helicopters SIKORSKY S‑70A/UH‑60L BLACK HAWK Widely exported assault and utility helicopter; US Army UH‑60A with T700‑GE‑700 engines succeeded by current UH‑60L with ‑701C. Multiple redundant systems for battle damage tolerance. US Army EH‑60A is tasked with electronic warfare. USAF MH/HH‑60G for special operations and SAR. UH‑60Q is US Army medevac bird. UH‑60C command and control version is in development. VH-60N VIP/Presidential aircraft used by HMX-1. AH-60DAP, MH-60K and MH-60L are US Army Special Operations aircraft. S-70 A is export version. In May 2001 US Army signed up for modernisation programme to create UH-60M. M features open architecture digital avionics and flight controls, graphite main rotor blades, a strengthened fuselage, and standardising other improvements. Payload will be 2,000 lb greater and speed up to 15 knots faster. UH-60M flew for the first time on 23 September 2003. HH-60M for medevac duties. Enhanced UH‑60‑L: Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑701C turboshafts rated 1,890 shp on take‑off. Gross weight: 22,972 lb (10,421 kg). Empty weight: 11,516 lb (5,224 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26 m). Height: 11.3 ft (3.76 m). Rotor diameter: 53.6 ft (16.63 m). Performance: Max speed: 195 kt (361 km/hr). Typical Range: 324 nm (600 km). Armament: Hellfire missiles, 70 mm rockets, 20 mm guns, and mines.

helicopter specifications weapon specifications helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS

SIKORSKY S‑70B/SH‑60 SEAHAWK US Navy SH‑60B LAMPS III ASW/ASV helicopter usually embarked in frigates or destroyers. Carries sonobuoys and radar. SH‑60F carrier‑based sub‑hunters are equipped with deep dipping sonar. MH-60R will combine the roles in a standardised package. New build MH-60S replacing CH-46 in USN VERTREP role and take on numerous other missions such as amphibious and carrier search and rescue, and remote site logistics missions and, in future, airborne mine counter measures, combat search and rescue, and special warfare support. HH‑60J is medium range rescue helicopter for US Coast Guard. S‑70Bs are in service with Australia, Spain, Taiwan and Greece, Thailand and selected by Turkey. SH‑60J built in Japan. See Mission Systems section for more detail of USN MH-60R and S models. Powerplant: 2 x General Electric T700‑GE‑401C turboshafts rated at 1,713 shp for take‑off. Gross weight: 21,700 lb (9,843 kg). Empty weight: 13,648 lb (6,191 kg). Dimensions: Length: 50 ft (15.26 m). Height: 12.5 ft (3.8 m). Rotor diameter: 53.6 ft (16.36 m). Performance: Max cruise speed 135 kt (249 km/h). Typical Range: 500 nm (684 km). Armament: 1 x Penguin anti‑ship missile, 2 Mk 46 or Mk 50 torpedoes.

guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

WEAPON SYSTEMS ± Air-to-air missiles In service on helicopters, have been test-fired from a helicopter or are actively being adapted to rotary-winged platforms. ± Anti-armour guided missiles (ATGMs) Major helicopter-launched – under development or in service, not likely to become obsolescent in the near future and marketed internationally. ± Anti-ship missiles Major helicopter-launched. ± Rocket systems Significant helicopter-launched – available, qualified and in service on helicopters or marketed for such applications. ± Guns Marketed for helicopter applications or selected for significant programmes. As any general-purpose machine gun can be fired from a helicopter with minimal adaptation, these have been excluded for the sake of brevity. The exception to this rule is the MAG-58, included because of its widely-used podded applications. ± Torpedoes Major helicopter-launched – in service with or under development for major maritime forces or marketed internationally.

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WEAPONS » Air-to-air missiles 9M32 STRELA - 2 (SA-7 GRAIL) Helicopter-launched version of ubiquitous first generation shoulder-launched short range SAM Manufacturer: Sakr, Egypt and CPMIEC, China Range: 4 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: single-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 1.8 kg high explosive fragmentation Guidance: passive IR homing Length: 1.34 m Diameter: 70 mm Width: (wingspan) 30 cm unfolded Weight: 10 kg at launch Platforms: SOKO-built Gazelles, Mil Mi-2, Mi-24/25/35. Improved version: STRELA 2M. The SA-7 is in the tube in the lowest position on the pylon in the picture.

MBDA MISTRAL ATAM

Air-to-air missiles « WEAPONS SHORTS MISSILE SYSTEMS STARSTREAK Air-to-air variant of UK hypervelocity SAM Range: more than 6 km Speed: hypersonic Propulsion: two-stage rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before another can be fired upon, but engagements are over very quickly Warhead: three individually guided armour-piercing/explosive darts with delay fuse Guidance: laser beam riding: darts steer themselves into centre line of ‘grid’ created by vertical and horizontal scanning lasers. Helicopter sights automatically keep centre of grid on target Weight: 37 lb Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 130 mm Width: (wingspan) 250 mm Launcher: two-tube box Platforms: Evaluation/Integration process completed for Apache, but US Army requirement dropped.

V A DEGTYAREV PLANT 9M39 IGLA-V (SA-18 GROUSE) Fire-and-forget AAM system using the Mistral SAM, which was designed from the start with modification to an air-to-air role in mind. Range: 5 km + Speed: Mach 2.5 Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: up to 1 missile every 3 secs Warhead: 3 kg high explosive, tungsten ball Fusing: active laser proximity fuse Guidance: passive infra-red homing, proportional navigation Length: 1.86 m Diameter: 90 mm Weight: 18.7 kg at launch Platforms: In full operational service on the French Army Aviation Gazelle and qualified on the Tigre attack helicopter. Can be mounted on attack helicopters fitted with an integrated combat system (Tigre, Rooivalk) or on lightweight helicopters (Gazelle, Fennec) and utility helicopters (Cougar) as a stand-alone weapon system.

Larger and with higher performance than SA-14, Igla (‘needle’) is another Russian shoulder-launched SAM adapted to helicopter use. Range: 5.2 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 2.5 kg highexplosive fragmentation with impact fuse Guidance: passive IR homing. Length: 1.55 m Diameter: 72 mm Width: (wingspan) 35 cm Weight: 16.5 kg Platforms: Mi-8/17, Mi-24, offered as an option on Rostvertol Mi-35s for export customers, and Kamov Ka-50 Werewolf. The manufacturer is based in Kovrov, Russia. MANPADS version pictured.

RAYTHEON AIM-9X SIDEWINDER AIM-9X is the latest in a long line of Sidewinders. Features imaging seeker, thrust vector control, off-boresight capability and high countermeasures resistance. Range: around 16 km Speed: supersonic, likely to be around Mach 3 to catch fleeing fast jet Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: would depend on ability of helicopter’s sighting systems to acquire new targets and cue missile seeker heads Warhead: 9.5 kg high explosive blast fragmentation with laser proximity fuse Guidance: imaging IR, proportional navigation Length: 3 m Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 85 kg Platforms: Earlier versions operational on USMC Bell AH-1W SuperCobras.

RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS AIR-TO-AIR STINGER (ATAS) Uses the Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable Microprocessor) missile Speed: Supersonic Propulsion: solid propellant, dual thrust Warhead: blast Guidance: passive dual mode IR/UV homing, fire-and-forget, proportional navigation with lead bias Length: 60 inches Diameter: 2.75 inches Weight: ATAS System with 4 missiles is 123 lb (missile weight is 23 lb) Platforms: OH-58C, OH-58D (Kiowa Warrior), Blackhawk, planned for Longbow Apache and Comanche (competing with Starstreak for US Army AAM requirement). Selected by German Army for Tiger, more recently by Italian Army for Mangusta.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles 9M114 SHTURM - V (STORM-V) (AT-6 SPIRAL) Third-generation Russian short-range anti-armour missile Manufacturer: KBM Engineering Design Bureau, Kolomna - Russia Range: 5 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before another can be engaged Warhead: 10 kg two tandem HEAT shaped-charges Guidance: dual mode, radio command followed by semi-active laser terminal homing Length: 1.78 m Diameter: 14 cm Width: (wingspan) 30 cm Weight: 30 kg Platforms: Mil Mi-24E/F, Kamov Ka-29 HORMONE, offered as option on Rostvertol Mi-35 for export customers, Mi-28 Havoc and Mi-8/17. Improved version: 9M120 ATAKA (AT-9) Warhead: improved tandem HEAT and blast action warheads Range: 6 km

DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS INGWE Multi-purpose missile, evolved from ZT3 family, for use by infantry, armour or helicopter forces against modern threats. Passive target acquisition, high countermeasure resistance and ease of use are claimed Range: 250-5,000 m Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: launch motor and boost motor Warhead: tandem shaped charge with precursor warhead in tip of nose probe. Claimed to penetrate 1,000 mm of RHA after defeating explosive reactive armour (ERA). Alternative Thermobaric and Multi-Purpose Penetrator warheads Guidance: laser beam riding; missile follows centre line of laser scan pattern. Helicopter use requires stabilised sight. Automatic target tracking modules can be added to ensure fully automatic missile guidance after lock-on by the operator Length: 1,750 mm Diameter: 127 mm Weight: 28,5 kg. Platforms: Denel Rooivalk and Puma gunship, MI 24 helicopter, Ratel ICV, BMP1 tracked vehicle.

DENEL AEROSPACE DYNAMICS MOKOPA Long range, high performance precision guided missile similar to Hellfire under development in South Africa. Range: >10,000 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: ripple fire capability Warhead: tandem shapedcharge and alternative multi-purpose warhead Guidance: semi-active laser, can be fitted with IIR ‘fire-and forget’ and millimetre wave radar homing versions Platforms: Integrated with and successfully fired from Rooivalk attack helicopter.

HELLFIRE SYSTEMS LLC HELLFIRE II Originally an anti-armour missile, has demonstrated anti-ship and antihelicopter capability too. Range: 0.5 to 8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid propellant, minimum smoke internal burning rocket motor Rate of fire: eight second interval rapid fire (1 designator), 1.5 second interval ripple fire (multiple designators) Warhead: tandem shaped-charge (anti-armour), blast fragmentation (anti-ship) Guidance: Semi-active laser homing Length: 1,625.6 mm (64 in) Diameter: 178 mm (7 in) Weight: 45 kg (99 lb) with shaped-charge warhead, 47.88 kg (105 lb) with blast fragmentation Launcher: modular with single, twin and four rail options Platforms: operational on AH-64 Apache, AH1W SuperCobra, SH-60B, OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, qualified on MD530, UH-60.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles

Anti-armour guided missiles « WEAPONS

JOINT COMMON MISSILE (AGM-169)

LONGBOW LLC/LONGBOW INTERNATIONAL AGM-114L LONGBOW HELLFIRE

US Army, USMC, USN and UK MoD project to develop a new missile to replace Hellfire, Maverick and possibly TOW. Multi-mode seeker, multi-mode warhead, fireand-forget plus man-in-the-loop modes, lock-on after launch, counter-measures resistance, fratricide avoidance and longer range are key drivers. Air-to-air mode to kill helicopters, UAVs likely Range: 16 km from helicopters, 28 km from fixedwing aircraft Propulsion: two-stage (boost, sustain) solid rocket motor Rate of fire: could be ripple fired in Semi-Active Laser or fire-and-forget modes Warhead: multi-mode, combinations of shaped-charge, blast frag, forged fragment under investigation, possibly interchangeable and modular Guidance: multi-mode -Lockheed Martin imaging IR, MMW radar, SAL Weight: 108 lb Length: 70 inches Platforms: Hellfire, Maverick, TOW-capable aircraft, ground vehicles Contractor: Lockheed Martin selected in 2004 Status: development and risk reduction testing has gone well and the Army included $150 million for JCM in its FY08 budget request.

Radar guided version of Hellfire developed for AH-64D Apaches Range: 0.5 to 8 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket Rate of fire: can be fired one after the other as fast as the gunner can pull the trigger Warhead: tandem shaped-charge Guidance: inertial on co-ordinates from the weapons processor using target data from the Longbow radar or the TADS, then active millimetre wave radar homing. For close stationary and all moving targets the MMW seeker can lock on before launch Length: 1,730 mm (69.2 in) Diameter: 178 mm (7 in) Weight: 48.24 kg (107.2 lb) Platforms: operational on AH-64D. (Longbow LLC and Longbow International are Lockheed Martin/Northrop Grumman joint ventures.)

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU HERMES-A

MBDA PARS3 LR

Two-stage supersonic missile designed to destroy current and future tanks, lightly armoured vehicles, fortifications and constructions, surface targets and low-velocity air targets according to KBP. It is intended to arm combat and assault helicopters as well as fixed-wing strike aircraft. A typical system includes missiles packaged in transport/launch tubes, control equipment, two launchers and maintenance facilities. KBP literature shows a Ka-52 carrying 16 on four four-round launchers. System can handle two-round salvos against different targets. Range: 15 to 20 km. Guidance: Inertial and radio command to target area, then terminal homing. Max speed: 1,000 m/sec. Warhead: 28 kg HEF. Missile weight in tube: 110 kg. Tube length: 3.5 m.

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU VIKHR (NATO AT-12) Vikhr (Whirlwind) is a large Russian dual purpose anti-tank/air-to-air missile. Range: maximum quoted as 8 to 10 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target would have to be completed before a second could be fired upon Warhead: dual mode, shapedcharge for armoured targets, blast fragmentation with proximity fuse for airborne targets Guidance: laser beam rider Length: 1.5 m Weight: 45 kg Platforms: Mi-24, Mi-28, Ka-52 Alligator and Mi-8/17. KBP is based in Tula. Vikhr-M (AT-16) is an improved version.

Fire and forget anti-armour missile with additional air-to-air capability. Designed for installation on helicopters and ground vehicles and to supersede second-generation systems eg HOT, TOW and Swingfire Range: 500-5,000 m specified, extension possible up to 8,000 m Speed: high sub-sonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: tandem shape charge Rate of fire: salvo firings against 4 targets in less than 8 seconds Guidance: passive imaging infra-red using two modes of tracking: image correlation or target hot spot, in conjunction with the OSIRIS mast-mounted sight Attack Modes: dive or direct Length: 1.6 m Diameter: wings closed 227 mm; wings open 371 mm. Weight: 41.2 kg Platforms: Tiger HAC; Tiger HCP.

MBDA HOT 3 Designed to destroy reactive armour, HOT 3 has repeatedly demonstrated its multi-purpose capability. The latest development offers high countermeasure resistance and day/night firing, in adverse weather. The missile is fully maintenance-free. Combat proven. Range: 0.4 to 4 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before second missile can be fired. Warhead: tandem-shapedcharge Guidance: optically tracked, semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS), wire passes steering commands to missile. Length: 1.3 m Diameter: 150 mm Weight: 24.1 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Gazelle, BO-105; in production for French HAC and German UHT Tigers; fired from Rooivalk, Sokol; being integrated on Mi-24, Tiger HCP, EC635.

LOCKHEED MARTIN DIRECT ATTACK GUIDED ROCKET (DAGR) Lockheed Martin’s Direct Attack Guided Rocket (DAGR) is an independent effort designed, like the APKWS II, to provide a small, low-cost precision guided weapon suitable for engaging non-armoured or lightly armoured high-priority targets close to civilians and friendly forces while minimising collateral damage. It combines off-the-shelf 70 mm (2.75 inch) rockets with a semi-active laser seeker derived from Hellfire technology and fold-out cruciform steering fins. Four-pack pods of DAGRs fit where a single Hellfire would on the M299 (four Hellfire) and M310 (two Hellfire) smart launchers enabling any Hellfire capable vehicle to fire it. It offers off-axis target engagement and lock-onbefore-launch (LOBL) capability. Has been successfully test fired from ground launchers. Range from sea level: 500 m (min), 7,000 m (max). Range from 20,000 ft: 12,000 m. Guidance: Semi-active laser. Warhead: M151 high explosive. Length: 1.9 m. Wingspan: 222 mm.

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WEAPONS » Anti-armour guided missiles RAFAEL SPIKE-ER (NTD) Fire & forget / fire, observe & update and fire & steer anti-armour weapon designed to defeat a variety of targets at extended ranges. Range: 400m8000m. Speed: subsonic. Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor. Warhead: tandem shaped charge. Guidance: Electro-optic, passive CCD or Dual (CCD/IIR) seeker. In the fire & forget mode and the fire, observe & update mode the seeker is coupled to an auto-tracker, which dictates lock-on before launch. In the fire & steer mode there is no need to lock-on target before launch; the pilot has the ability to choose the target after launch and steer the missile to the most vulnerable part of the target or lock-on and proceed with the fire, observe & update. In both the F, O & U and F & S modes, a bi-directional, fibre-optic communication link transmits target image back to the launch platform enabling the pilot to update the aim point or change targets mid-flight. The link also enables precision manoeuvres within urban areas, mask-down capability and real-time surveillance Length: 1,670 mm with canister Weight: 32 kg with canister Four-round heli-launcher weighs 55 kg Platforms: has been installed on AH1-S Cobra, Agusta A129, MD500 Defenders, Gazelle, Mi-24 Hind. Additional platforms include combat vehicles, naval vessels and tripods for ground use.Other members of the family include the Spike-MR for medium ranges of up to 2.5 km and the Spike-LR for longer ranges of up to 4 km. Commonality ensures low life cycle cost, says Rafael. Spike-ER missile is integral to the HeliCOAT helicopter mission equipment package designed to enable any helicopter to carry out attack missions by day or night and in adverse weather conditions. HeliCOAT enables the engagement of many target types, at stand-off range and maximum survivability. Features: Spike-ER (NTD) new generation fibre-optic guided missiles, Toplite observation system, Aero-Gem selfprotection & electronic warfare system, an Elbit helmet mounted sight and a TerraMap-3D airborne digital map. A multi-role mission management computer and the man-machine interface ease workload. The HeliCOAT weapon package is modular and suited to custom design. All of the major sub-systems are produced by Rafael.

RAYTHEON MISSILE SYSTEMS BGM-71 TOW Tube-launched Optically tracked Wire-guided missile first entered service with US Army in 1970 and BGM-71 A, B, C and D variants have been developed embodying improvements to warheads and guidance systems. MAPATS is Israeli laser beam riding version, FITOW (Further Improved TOW) is UK version designed to attack thinner top armour of tanks. TOW 2A has precursor warhead on nose probe, TOW 2B likewise has two downward firing warheads to attack vehicle’s thinner top armour. TOW upgrades Raytheon has proposed a technology insertion programme to extend the weapon’s range to around 5 km, reduce guidance constraints. Options include a radio command link to replace the wires and an imaging seeker derived from ASRAAM and AIM-9X technology. RF command link to upgrade US Army inventory and those of overseas forces. Specifications refer to BGM-71D TOW 2 Range: 4 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Rate of fire: engagement of one target must be completed before second missile can be fired Warhead: 6 kg shaped charge Guidance: semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS), wire passes steering commands to missile. Automatic CLOS if sight has autotracker Length: 1.4 m Diameter: 150 mm Width: 45 cm (wingspan) Weight: 21.5 kg at launch Platforms: operational on Bell Cobra/SuperCobra, MD 500 Defender, Agusta 129, Agusta 109, Westland Lynx, Eurocopter BO-105 and Fennec, Bell 206/406 and cleared for carriage on Panther (Dauphin) and Gazelle.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Anti-armour guided missiles US ARMY BAE SYSTEMS APKWS II S

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Lock on to MBDA solutions

KONGSBERG PENGUIN MK2 MOD 7 (AGM-119B)

PEMA2b - Crédit photo :

Dominique Sarraute

Fire-and-forget weapon with target discrimination and high penetration capability. Range: more than 34 km Cruise speed: high subsonic. Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Warhead: 120 kg (265 lb) semi armour piercing filled with 50 kg (110 lb) high explosive Guidance: programmable inertial midcourse, passive IR terminal Length: 3 m (118 in) Diameter: (fuselage) 0.28 m (11 in) Wing Span: 1.4 m (55 in) deployed, 0.76 m (30 in) folded Weight: 385 kg (850 lb) Platforms: SH-60B, S-70B Seahawks, SH-2G Super Seasprite and 412 EP ‘Sentinel’ integration ongoing, Super Lynx (feasibility studied).

www.mbda-systems.com Military Helicopter Handbook 2008

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Described as an advanced littoral strike missile, an autonomous, all-weather, long-range, precision standoff missile designed to destroy high-value, welldefended targets at sea and ashore in the face of strong air defences and countermeasures. Imaging IR seeker has a wide field of view, real time image processing, target selection, ability to discriminate and countermeasure immunity. Features: ‘extreme’ low radar cross section; ‘extreme’ sea skim; adaptive terrain following; guidance system with numerous waypoints in 3D plus time; INS guidance aided by GPS and 3D map; automatic target recognition; IIR terminal guidance; laser altimeter; hit point selection; 125 kg blast/fragmentation warhead; programmable fuze and re-attack capability Launch weight: 410 kg Flight weight: 356 kg Length w/booster: 395 cm Range: 160 km Propulsion: turbo jet sustainer engine Speed: high subsonic. Platforms: NSM is deployable from naval combatants, helicopters, aircraft and land-based trucks, has been fitted to NH90.

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KONGSBERG NAVAL STRIKE MISSILE (NSM)

Air-launched fire-and-forget anti-ship missile. Range: 50-70 km depending on launch altitude and speed Propulsion: 2 solid propellant rockets (booster and sustainer) Guidance: inertial navigation during cruise phase, active homing during terminal phase Length: 4.69 m Diameter: 0.35 m Weight: 670 kg Platforms: the Exocet AM39 has already been installed on many types of aircraft, including helicopters. Combat proven.

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The Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) is a US Army effort to provide a semi-active laser homing guidance system that can be added to any 2.75 in (70 mm) rocket in the US inventory, filling the point target capability gap between the 30 mm cannon and the Hellfire missile Guidance: Distributed Aperture Semi-Active Laser Seeker (DASALS) a screw-in module between motor and warhead with a tiny laser seeker on four flip-out steering/de-spinning fins. Range: 1.5 km to 5.5 km Speed: supersonic Weight: 35 lb Status: Started life in the mid-’90s as the Low Cost Precision Kill (LCPK) demonstration effort leading to the APKWS competition that General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products (GDATP) won as prime with BAE Systems as a sub contractor. APKWS was cancelled and re-competed as APKWS II, which BAES won as prime with GD as sub contractor. The US Army decided to buy APKWS II in April 2006. The weapon was de-funded by the US DoD in 2007.

WEAPONS » Anti-ship missiles MBDA AS-15TT

Guns « WEAPONS ZVEZDA KH35

Small, all-weather anti-ship missile capable of destroying small ships such as fast attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed: 280 m/s Propulsion: two-stage (booster + sustainer) solid rocket motor Warhead: 30 kg high explosive Guidance: Agrion 15 radar on helicopter provides automatic command-to-line-of-sight guidance (tracks target and missile, sends steering commands to missile) Length: 2.3 m Diameter: 180 mm Weight: 103 kg Platforms: operational on Eurocopter Dauphin (Panther) helicopters of the Royal Saudi Navy, which used it with success in Desert Storm, and in the United Arab Emirates. (Potential applications include all helicopters over 3.5 tonnes empty weight.)

Long-range, radar-guided anti-ship missile in the same class as Exocet and adapted to a variety of platforms including ships, shore batteries, fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. NATO code name for air-launched version is AS20 Kayak. Maximum effective range: 130 km. Speed: 300 m/sec. Guidance: inertial and active radar homing. Propulsion: solid rocket boost motor and turbojet sustainer. Warhead: 145 kg blast fragmentation. Weight: 630 kg with booster. Length: 3.75 m. Diameter: 42 cm. Wingspan: 93 cm. Platforms: Kamov Ka-27/28 carrier based helicopters.

GUNS MBDA MARTE MK2/S

BOEING M230 AUTOMATIC CANNON Medium range, lightweight, Fire and Forget, all weather, sea skimming anti-ship missile system Range: in excess of 30 km Speed: high subsonic Warhead: semi piercing HE warhead Fuses: impact and proximity fuses Guidance: inertial/

GPS/altimeter/Active radar Length: 3.77 m Diameter: 0.316 m Weight: 324 kg Platforms: in service with Italian Navy SH-3D helicopters. Integration and qualification on new EH-101 and NH-90 helicopters completed.

MBDA SEA SKUA

Chain-driven, single-barrel, externally powered weapon for attack helicopters effective against lightly armoured vehicles and aircraft Calibre: 30 mm Rate of fire: 625 (±25) rnds/min Modes: single rounds, limited, unlimited bursts Range: up to 4,000 m Weight: 57.5 kg Power requirements: 3 hp Dimensions: length 1.68 m Ammunition: NATO standard Aden/DEFA rounds plus US M 788 (Target Practice), M 789 (High Explosive Dual Purpose) and M 799 (High Explosive) Mountings: powered turret on Apaches with up to 1,200 rounds Platforms: standard fit on all Apaches in service and planned.

DENEL VEKTOR GA-1 20 mm AUTOMATIC CANNON Lightweight, all-weather, sea-skimming missile capable of destroying fast attack craft and disabling larger vessels. Range: more than 15 km Speed: high subsonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of fire: can be fired in ‘rapid succession’ to saturate defensive systems Warhead: HE blast fragmentation warhead, delayed action fuse Guidance: semi-active radar homing: radar illuminates target, missile seeker homes onto reflected signal Length: 2.5 m Diameter: (maximum) 25 cm Width: (wingspan) 72 cm Weight: 147 kg Platforms: operational on Westland Lynx, Super Lynx, Sea King and AB 212 ASW can be carried by Bell 214ST and 412, and Kaman Seasprite/Super Seasprite.

The hub of the SYSTEMS AGM-65 MAVERICK RAYTHEON MISSILE Family of missiles designed to kill hardened/high value targets. Range: 0.9 to 24.2 km Speed: supersonic Propulsion: two-stage solid rocket motor Rate of fire: can be ripple fired Warhead: (basic) 56.7 kg shaped-charge, or 136.1 kg kinetic energy penetrator/blast-fragmentation Guidance: TV (AGM-65 A/B), semi-active laser homing (AGM-65C/E), IR (AGM-65D/G), AGM-65F uses IR seeker with ship recognition algorithms and larger warhead, AGM-65H improved TV seeker with replacement CCD camera. Length: 2.489 m Diameter: 30.5 cm Width: (wing span) 71.9 cm Weight: A, B, D 210 kg, E, F 287.4 kg Platforms: AH-1W SuperCobra, AH-64A/D Apaches, SH-2G Super Seasprite.

VEKTOR GA-1 is a multi-purpose light, compact South African cannon developed from German MG-151 of Second World War Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: 650-750 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 720 m/sec Sights: Armson ‘Occluded Eye’ Red Dot gunsight or Gennet Optical Sight Weight: 39 kg Recoil Force: 3,500 N (Average) Electrical power: 22-29 V DC Length: 1.465 m Ammunition: PRAC and PRACT, HEI, HEIT, SAPHEI, APC Mountings: chin or belly turret Platforms: tested on Denel Rooivalk and Puma Gunship prototypes.

FN HERSTAL 250 and HMP 400 (HEAVY MACHINE GUN POD) Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/ tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary Range: 2,000 m Ammunition boxes: 250 and 400 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: (fully loaded) HMP 250 120 kg; HMP 400 140 kg.

www.rotorhub.com

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WEAPONS » Guns FN HERSTAL M3M/P (GAU21) MACHINE GUN

Integrated Airborne Weapon Systems

Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/ tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary Range: 2,000 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- Window- Pintle Systems and co-axial integration Ammunition box: 300 or 600 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: M3M (GAU 21) + pintle : 75 kg ; M3P + soft mount + recocking device: 47 kg.

FN HERSTAL MAG 58 MACHINE GUN Calibre: 7.62 x 51 mm NATO Rate of fire: 650 to 1,000 rounds/min Range: 1,200 m Mountings: Door-, Ramp- or Window- Pintle System Ammunition box: 200, 230, 250 and 1000 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing Weight: (weapon + pintle) 23 kg.

FN HERSTAL ROCKET MACHINE GUN POD Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) & 70mm (2.75 in) Rate of fire: 1,100 rpm Ammunition: ball, tracer, armour piercing, armour-piercing/incendiary, armour-piercing/incendiary/tracer, armour piercing explosive incendiary, high explosive armour piercing incendiary and full range of 2.75 in rockets Ammunition box: 250 rounds Firing mode: open bolt firing (machine gun), single shots, limited or unlimited bursts (rockets) Weight: (fully loaded) 150 kg.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS GAU-19/A Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun Calibre: 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Rate of fire: selectable, 1,000 to 2,000 rounds/min Range: 1,800 m Ammunition: M-1, M-8 API, M-17 tracer, M-20 APIT, M-33 ball, M-903 SLAP and M-948 SLAP tracer Mountings: internal and external pintle, external cradle Weight: 139 lb (63 kg) with feeder and transfer unit Dispersion: 80% of rounds within five milliradians of pointing axis Average peak recoil force: 500 lb (2.24 kN) Reliability: 100,000 mean rounds between failures (predicted) Dimensions: 1,181 mm long overall Scheduled maintenance: 15,000 round intervals.

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Creating worldwide standards... for over a century

SPECIFICATIONS » Guns

Guns « SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS M-197 Externally powered, 3-barrel Gatling gun based on M-61 A1 Vulcan Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: up to 1,500 rnds/min Muzzle velocity: 1,030 m/sec Ammunition: US M-50 series and PGU-28B Mountings: chin turrets Weight: 66 kg Recoil load: 68 kg (average at 1,500 rnds/min) Length: 1.89 m Platforms: AH-1 Cobras.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK19 MOD3 High-velocity automatic 40 mm machine gun, blowback operated, belt fed, crew served weapon. Ammunition: M430 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) (anti-armour and anti-personnel), tracer impact marker (TP-training), CS/OC (non-lethal), M918 (flashbang, training); compatible with all NATO 3585 ammunition Rate of fire: 300 to 400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 241 m/sec Max effective range: 1,500 m Weight: 33 kg Length: 1,095 mm Width: 340 mm Platforms: has been used in pods and turrets on helicopters.

GENERAL DYNAMICS ARMAMENT & TECHNICAL PRODUCTS MK47 MOD 0 STRIKER Automatic 40 mm grenade launcher incorporating the latest sensing, targeting and computer-programming technology Calibre: 40 mm Gun Weight: 18 kg Total System Weight: 44 kg. Length: 940 mm Width: 255 mm Rate of fire: 225 - 300 rpm Mass recoiling: 55% Maintenance: round counter.

KBP INSTRUMENT DESIGN BUREAU 2A42 As well as infantry fighting vehicles, this Russian 30 mm automatic cannon arms the Mil/Rostvertol Mi-28N attack helicopter on which it is mounted in a steerable chin turret and the Kamov Ka-50/52 series. On the Kamovs the weapon is on the right side of the fuselage below the cockpit and can be depressed to engage targets below the helicopter’s flight path. Calibre: 30 mm. Rate of fire: 550 to 800 rpm (high), 200 to 300 rpm (low). Muzzle velocity: 960 m/sec.

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MAUSER RMK-30 Recoilless, single-barrel, 30 mm revolver cannon. A proportion of the propellant gas exhausts through nozzle at rear of breech to provide thrust to counter recoil. Muzzle brake also fitted. Combustible-case ammunition used Length: 1.7 m Weight: 100 kg Muzzle velocity: 1,200 m/sec Platforms: Intended for German UH Tiger and other helicopters, turret mount designed, tested on light armoured vehicle.

NEXTER 20 M 621 CANNON Calibre: 20 mm Rate of fire: 800 (+/- 100) rnds/minute Modes: Can fire single rounds, limited or unlimited bursts Weight: (gun ) 49 kg Recoil load: maximum 250 daN Recoil stroke: +70 mm to -17 mm Electrical power: 28 V 10 A Dimensions: L 2,179 mm, W 203 mm, H 194 mm Ammunition: All 20 x 102 mm rounds Mountings: MS 621 and type 19A cabin pintles for medium helicopters. Pod mount qualified on Eurocopter Panther, Fennet & Cougar, Sikorsky S-76, Bell 406, Sikorsky Black Hawk, Type 22A and type 23A flexible cradle mounts available for Gazelle and Fennec respectively, THL20 gun turret system for attack and transport helicopters Operational status: in service with French forces and foreign customers.

NEXTER 30 M781 Cannon selected for French combat support variant of Tiger attack helicopter Calibre: 30 mm Muzzle velocity: 730 m/sec Range: 0-1,500 m Rate of fire: up to 750 rnds/min Modes: single rnds, 10 rnd bursts, 25 rnd bursts, continuous Weight: 56 kg (gun alone) 160 kg (gun and complete turret) Ammunition: 30550 type Recoil load: 800 daN maximum Length: 1.87 m Mountings: powered turret slaved to helmet sight, HUD or roof mounted sight Operational status: Selected for French ALAT’s Gerfaut combat support version of Tiger, firing trials on Gerfaut prototype have proved successful.

VA Degtyarev planT GSh-23L Twin-barrelled, 23 mm, gas-operated, automatic cannon designed for use on both helicopters and fixed-wing strike aircraft Calibre: 23 mm. Rate of fire: 3,000 or 3,400 rpm Muzzle velocity: 700 m/sec Magazine capacity: 4000 rounds Fire control: electric, 27V Mass: 50 kg Length: 1,537 mm with muzzle brake, 1,387 mm without Width: 165 mm Height: 168 Platforms: Mil and Kamov helicopters.


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WEAPONS » Guns

DON’T BE SURPRISED

VA Degtyarev planT GSh-30K Designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau and manufactured by Degtyarev, this twin-barrelled, medium velocity, gas operated automatic cannon is intended for use on helicopters and fixed wing strike aircraft Calibre: 30x164 mm type AO-18 Muzzle velocity: 1,020 m/sec Cyclic rate: variable, probably 1,500 to 1,800 rpm Round weight: 390 g Gun weight: 126 kg Platforms: Mi-24 family, Su-25 Frogfoot ground attack aircraft, in pods on any Russian combat helicopter.

With Thales TopOwl, we’re helping the world’s best helicopter pilots to hunt down their targets TopOwl puts flight, mission and target data in front of both eyes. So pilots have wide-angle vision for

VA Degtyarev planT KORD

heads-up flight with full situational awareness, day

12.7 mm (0.50 in) heavy machine gun intended for use from helicopters, ground vehicles, ships and other installations. Kord is designed to defeat lightly armoured targets, ‘fire installations’ and personnel at 1,500-2,000m and air targets at slant ranges up to 1,500m. It is said to be light enough to be used dismounted from a bipod if necessary. Tubular housing below barrel suggests gas operation Calibre: 12.7 mm Firing rate: 600 rpm Muzzle velocity: m/s 820-860 Aimed fire range: up to 2,000 m Barrel weight: 9.25 kg Loaded magazine weight: 11.1 kg Weight of belt with 50 rounds: 7.7 kg Grouping (R50) at 100 m range: not more than 300 mm Technical endurance: 10,000 rounds Armour piercing capability at 100 m: up to 20 mm.

and night. The system is comfortable, balanced, reliable, expandable, and safe in emergencies. TopOwl, chosen by 15 nations, is operating on Tiger, NH90, Rooivalk and is

YAK-B

selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y. Designed by pilots for

Russian four-barrel 12.7 mm gatling gun Rate of fire: 4,000 to 4,500 rpm Muzzle velocity: 810 m/sec Weight: 45 kg Platforms: Mi-24 and other Russian combat helicopters. Mounted in USPU-24 turret on Hind, GUV pod for pylon mounting.

pilots, TopOwl is a leap ahead of the pack: low-risk, high performance, and the perfect fit for US Army, US Air Force, US Marine Corps helicopters and also foreign forces.

We’re flying to make the free world safer with the help of Thales TopOwl.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems AVIBRAS AV-SF-70 SKYFIRE Skyfire is a new family of 70 mm (2.75 in) rocket motor models M-8, M-9, M-10. Maker claims better accuracy and longer range than other 70 mm systems Warheads: AVC-70/MW (Multiple Warhead) - anti-personnel and anti-armour, AVC-70/HE (High Explosive), AVC-70/F (Flechette), AVC-70/E (Exercise)- inert, AVC-70/TS Practice Smoke, AVC-70-FB (White Phosphorous), AVC-70 PE (Antirunway) Warhead weight: (HE/M1): 3.8 kg Propulsion: composite propellant motor stabilised by wrap-around fins. Range: up to 6,000m (air-to-ground) Speed: supersonic Length: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1 warhead): 1,430 mm Diameter: 70 mm (2.75 in) Weight: (complete M-9 motor with HE/M1 warhead): 11.4 kg Launchers: 7- tube AV-LM-70/7-SF or 19-tube AV-70/19-SF Platforms: several types of helicopters plus high performance jets to propeller aircraft.

BORESIGHTING FOR ALL

BRISTOL AEROSPACE CRV-7

No aircraft platform is excluded from AAI’s Advanced Boresight Equipment (ABE® ) — rotorcraft, fighters, transports, unmanned. ABE systems have been selected for alignment of military aircraft worldwide, including those of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Benefits include accuracy, dependability, speed, repeatability, ease of use, supportability, interoperability. And value. Contact us at [email protected] or 800-655-2616.

Warheads: high explosive, armour piercing, flechette, flare, submunition and training Propulsion: aluminium-free, reduced-smoke, composite solid propellant Launchers: Hydra 70 detent launchers (19 tube M261 and 7 tube M260) Performance: high kinetic energy (supersonic - Mach 3+); long standoff (6 km+ engagement), demonstrated superior accuracy (to other 70 mm systems) Rocket Motor: Length: 1.04 m, Diameter: 70 mm, Weight: 6 kg Platform: WAH-64 Apache Longbow, AH-64D (under trial for Rooivalk).

GENERAL DYNAMICS HYDRA 70 Manufacturer(s): General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products Warheads: M255 contains 1,179 60-grain flechettes M261 multi-purpose warhead contains nine M73 shaped-charge/fragmentation submunitions (fuses can be remotely set for ‘wall in space’ effect) M151 high explosive, M156 white phosphorous, M264 red phosphorous, M267 practice, M274 practice and M257/M278 illuminating heads also available Propulsion: Mk 66 wrap-around fin rocket motor with EMI protection circuits for shipboard operations. Total impulse 687 kg over 1.07 sec Range: around 5 km Diameter: 70 mm Launchers: M260, M261, LAU-61, DA/LAU 68 EA Platforms: Bell AH-1, OH-58D, 406CS, Boeing AH64A/D, MD 500 series.

TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 2.75 in ROCKET SYSTEM Rocket Motors: FZ-90 wrap-around fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 690 daN/sec over 1 sec FZ-68 folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 560 daN/sec over 0.95 sec MK40 folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 510 daNsec over 1.55 sec Rocket Warheads: FZ-71 HEGP - 43 kg, FZ-181 flash - 4.3 kg, FZ-120 PRACT - 4.3 kg, FZ-210 SMK - 4.3 kg, FZ-100 MPSM - 6.2 kg - 8 submunitions with self-destruction device, FZ-149 Multidart AMV - 3.4 kg antilight vehicle, FZ-122 flechettes - 4.56 kg Rocket Launchers: new range of light weight launchers: 7 tubes - FZ-220 - 20 kg/12 tubes - FZ-219 - 26 kg/19 tubes - FZ-207 - 40 kg - all with NATO - 14 in suspension lugs - removable FZ-125 latch mechanisms remote fuze setting capabilities Firing control systems: RCP-96/BCTR-C with remote fuze setting and gun pods 20 mm and 12.7 mm management capabilities. Associated ILS policy, control and maintenance equipment, ballistic data, airworthiness capability Platforms: BO105, BK117, Cougar MK1 +Mk2, Fennec, Bell 206, 406, 412, A109, Black Hawk, Rooivalk, Tiger.

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ABE and Innovation That Works are registered trademarks of AAI Corporation.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Rocket systems

Torpedoes « SPECIFICATIONS

TDA ARMAMENT (THALES) 68mm ROCKET SYSTEM

EUROTORP MU-90/ IMPACT

Rocket Motors: F3 type - folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 500 daN/sec over 1 sec. F1H type - folding fin rocket motor, extruded double base grain, EMI protection, total impulse 336 daN/sec over 0.8 sec Rocket Warheads: 26 P type - HEGP, 3 kg. 23 ECC type - HEAT 1.8 kg 28 MPSM type - 5 submunitions with self-destruction device 29 AMV type - Multidart 3.4 kg F24 type - smoke impact market, 3.4 kg Rocket Launchers: 8 tubes - LR68-8 - 30 kg empty; 12 tubes LR68-12 - 40 kg empty; 22 tubes LR68-22 - 65 kg empty - all with NATO - 14 in suspension lugs - remote fuze setting by inductive coupling Firing Control Systems: BHIR via bus 1553, BCTR-C, SMS with remote fuze setting and gun pods management capabilities Platforms: Alouette, Tiger HAP.

‘Fire-and-forget’ advanced lightweight torpedo developed in 1996 by European consortium for France (DCN and Thales), and Italy (Whitehead) Speed: probable maximum >50 kt Depth: from shallow water down to probably more than 1,000 m Range: more than 10 km Propulsion: electrically-driven propulsor using sea-water-activated battery Warhead: shaped-charge Guidance: multiple-transducer, multiple frequencies active/passive sonar Length: 2.96 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: around 295 kg Platforms: Intended for Lynx, NH90, EH101, Cougar.

VYMPEL S-5, S-8

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-46 Mod 5A(S)

S-5 Russian lightweight unguided folding fin aircraft rocket for ground attack applications Calibre: 57 mm (actual body diameter 55 mm) Length: 1.01 m Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warheads: 4.5 kg HEAT, fragmentation, shaped-charge, chaff, illumination and practice Range: 3 km Launchers: 16, 19 and 32 tube ‘UB’ pods Platforms: IAR 330 Puma, Mi8, Mi-17, Mi-24 etc.

S-8 Family of Russian medium weight folding fin aircraft rockets for numerous ground attack applications. Warheads include antiarmour, unitary high explosive, fuel air explosive and illumination. Specifications apply to S-8 HEAT Calibre: 80 mm Length: 1.57 m Weight: 11.3 kg Speed: supersonic Propulsion: solid rocket motor Warhead: 3.6 kg shaped charge. Range: 4 km Launcher: 20-tube B8V20A Platforms: Ka-27, Ka-50/52, Hind family, Mi-28.

Latest incarnation of proven Mk 46 in service with US Navy and offered for export. Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) will keep it in service with the USN Speed: two speeds – slow for stealthy search, fast for attacking high speed submarines Propulsion: liquid monopropellant Otto motor Warhead: shapedcharge Guidance: active/passive sonar, digital autopilot with pre-programmed search, re-attack patterns Length: 2.6 m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg Platforms: Sikorsky Sea King, Seahawk, Bell 212 ASW, Kaman Seasprite/Super Seasprite, Lynx, Panther. MK-46 is shown on the left of the photograph.

TORPEDOES BAE SYSTEMS STING RAY

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-50 ALWT Advanced lightweight torpedo developed for the Royal Navy’s helicopters and ships and the RAF’s Nimrod MPAs. Recently upgraded from Mod 0 to Mod 1 standard to improve shallow water capability and countermeasures rejection Performance: speed, range, endurance and diving depth all classified, the last described simply as ‘deep’ Propulsion: battery-operated pump-jet propulsor Warhead: directed energy (shaped-charge), weight and configuration classified Guidance: active (FM) and passive on-board sonar Length: 8 ft Diameter: 12 in Platforms: Sting Ray can be adapted to launch from both helicopters (Lynx, Sea King, EH101) and fixed-wing aircraft (Nimrod, P3 Orion, Fokker 27).

EUROTORP A244/S Mod 3a Helicopter-launched torpedo developed by Whitehead for both shallow and deep water ASW Performance: details of speed, diving depth, range and endurance classified Propulsion: Electrically-driven propeller Warhead: compact-charge Guidance: CAICIO-S active, passive and mixed-mode sonar incorporating adaptive search patterns Length: 2.7 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Platforms: AS-61, AB-212 ASW, Lynx, Cougar and Panther.

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Advanced Light Weight Torpedo developed for US Navy to counter fast, deep diving submarines and provide good shallow water performance. In production Speed: More than 40 kt Depth: More than 600 m Propulsion: Closed-cycle steam turbine, stored chemical energy source Warhead: shaped-charge Guidance: active/passive sonar Length: 2.9 m Diameter: 32.4 cm Weight: 363 kg Platforms: Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk family. MK-50 is shown in the centre of the photograph.

RAYTHEON SYSTEMS COMPANY MK-54 LIGHTWEIGHT HYBRID TORPEDO The Mk 54 LHT is described as the US Navy’s ‘next-generation, low cost ASW weapon. Optimised to attack slow, quiet submarines in shallow, noisy littoral waters, it combines technologies from the Mk 50 ALWT (above) and the submarine-launched Mk 48 ADCAP heavyweight torpedo with the warhead and propulsion subsystems of the Mk 46 (also above). Low-cost modifications can convert existing Mk 46 torpedoes into Mk 54 LHTs, says Raytheon Length: 2.6 m Diameter: 32 cm Weight: 231 kg. MK-54 is shown on the right of the photograph.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Torpedoes RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES – kolibri helicopter

The Gidropribor Central Research Institute in St Petersburg has developed most of Russia’s torpedoes, including air launched weapons. The following data are provisional.

specifications

Smaller, lighter active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo whose original design dates from the late 1970s, possibly based on clandestinely acquired US Mk 46 Mod 0. Designed for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 330 mm Weight: 246 kg Length: 2.7 m Warhead: 44 kg HE Detection range: around 1 km Max operating depth: around 450 m Range: up to 8 km Speed: 45 kts APR-2 fast, short-range, ASW torpedo with active and passive acoustic homing system. Believed to have entered service in the 1980s. Designed for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters Diameter: 350 mm Weight: 575 kg Length: 3.7 m Warhead: 100 kg HE Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: >600 m Range: 1.5 to 2 km Speed: 62 kts Power source: solid rocket, probably exhausting through turbine to drive propeller APR-3A 1990s-vintage active and passive acoustic homing ASW torpedo for helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 355 mm Weight: 450 kg Length: 3.2 m Warhead: 76 kg HE Detection range: around 2,000 m Max operating depth: around 800 m Power source: solid rocket-driven gas turbine.

weapon specifications helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors

RUSSIAN HELICOPTER-LAUNCHED TORPEDOES –VTT-1 (T-67 STRIZH) A passive and active acoustic homing ASW weapon designed for helicopter use that entered service around 1976, the VTT-1 was based on the earlier AT-1 with the addition of wire guidance Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 540 kg Warhead: 70 kg HE Detection range: 500 to 1,000 m Max operating depth: around 200 m max Range: 5 km Speed: 28 kts. Power source: silver/zinc battery AT-3 with greater speed, range and depth capability than the VTT-1, AT-3 passive and active acoustic homing ASW torpedo entered service in the early 1980s, intended for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft Diameter: 450 mm Weight: 698 kg Length: 3.8 m Warhead: 60 kg HE Detection range: around 1.5 km Max operating depth: around 500 m Range: 8 km Speed: 41 kts Power source: silver/magnesium seawater battery.

INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SAAB TORPEDO 45 Torpedo 45 is a 400 mm torpedo intended for ASW and surface targets providing multiple target active/passive homing combined with wire guidance. It is launched from a variety of platforms such as: stationary, surface vessels, submarines and helicopters including Swedish Air Force Hkp4 (Kawasaki-built Boeing 107s).

EQUIPMENT

helmet-mounted displays and nvgs Night vision goggles are essential to modern military helicopter operations, while all current attack helicopter development and upgrade programmes specify helmet-mounted display systems. These are creeping into tactical utility helicopters too. They usually combine primary flight symbology with means of projecting images from night vision goggles and thermal imagers. The most advanced systems project the imagery onto the visor giving more space in front of the wearer’s eyes and minimising the chances of injury in an impact. Most make use of an inner shell fitted to the individual and an outer containing the expensive hardware that stays with the aircraft. These systems have a big part to play in future helicopter machine interfaces. Equipment is split into two sections: ± Helmet-mounted displays ± Night vision goggles

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SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems

Integrated helmet systems « SPECIFICATIONS

AERO SOLUTIONS AEROVISION

EFW M142 Integrated Helmet And Display Sight System (IHADSS)

HMD interchangeable with ANVIS NVGs, fits goggle mount on Gentex helmet for example. High res LCDs can accept up to four video sources including colour TV and FLIR. See through display claimed distortion free. Provides 30 deg FoV for each eye with 100% overlap and focused at 11 ft to minimise eye strain, needs no inter pupil adjustment and can be worn with glasses. Light output is NVG compatible so will not interfere with other crew members’ goggles. Manufacturer says it can replace instrument panel MFDs. Weight: less than 8 oz. Resolution: 180,000 pixels per LCD panel.

Monocular system used in all current variants of Apache and Mangusta attack helicopters, now subject to a major upgrade to be carried out by EFW Inc. Stage 1 of the upgrade makes it compatible with the Apache’s MTADS Arrowhead PNVS thermal imaging and LLLTV sensors, which have much higher resolution than the earlier TADS sensors. Further upgrading will replace the electro-optical head tracker with an electro-magnetic head tracker, and could include replacement of the helmet shell and liner system. These upgrades will reduce weight and take care of obsolescence problems. The Helmet Display Unit attaches to the side of the helmet and feeds pilotage, navigation and weapon aiming symbology and imagery from the PNVS FLIR to the crewmember’s right eye via a half mirror optical combiner. Can be coupled to pilotage and targeting sensors, turret guns and airto-air missile seekers. Originally developed by Honeywell for Apache. Field of view: 40° x 30°. Head tracker: electro-optical.

BAE SYSTEMS Q-SIGHT

ELBIT SYSTEMS ANVIS/HUD Q-Sight is a new family of monocular/binocular helmet sight products designed for ‘plug-and-play’ attachment to standard helmets and making use of patented holographic waveguide technology. It weighs less than four ounces and has no bulky projection optics, minimising neck strain and centre-of-gravity issues. A large exit-pupil eases the transition between day and night during flight. Modular design allows new capabilities to be added easily. It is compatible with any cockpit with either stroke or raster video connections. Symbology drawing capability is unlimited and the display can be fitted on either side, allowing the pilot to choose his or her dominant eye. Q-Sight is compatible with NVG. Helmet tracking capability can be added by fixing tracking pads to the helmet.

DENEL OPTRONICS Archer The helicopter range provides visor-projected displays and night vision enhancement with night vision goggles to provide day and night display capability. Turreted weapons and sensors are slaved to the user’s line of sight via optical head tracker integrated on the HMDS. The HMDS consist of a twopart helmet system: Inner contains the audio and life-support equipment: Outer contains the optical head tracker, CRTs, optical modules, night vision cameras and electronics. Using the same inner, outers can be configured to cater for differing user and mission requirements. Helmet-Mounted Sight (HMS) providing a fixed-legend display; Helmet-Mounted Display and Sight (HMDS) providing a dynamic display of weapon, navigation, aircraft and flight information; Night Vision Display System (NVDS) providing for clip-on night vision goggles and full symbology displays.

DENEL OPTRONICS SCOUT


ELBIT SYSTEMS DAY HUD / night hud DAY HUD Maximises safety and situational awareness during daytime operations, a ‘plug and play’ module to the same night interface, compatible with any standard NVG or ANVIS helmet. See-through Field of view: 25 deg outside the clear or dark visor Display types: stroke or raster Flight Panel Display (FPD), Contrast ratio: 1.4:1 Min. (at 10,000 FC), Lightweight: less than 230 g. Quick disconnect for safe egress.

NIGHT HUD An advanced, performance-proven electro-optical aiming sight and aircraft flight instrumentation, quick mount on any NVG, lightweight (less than 70 gr), and flexible. Flight Panel Display (FPD) technology. Field of view: 32° over 40° night vision.

ELBIT SYSTEMS HELIDASH A helmet-mounted cueing and observation system for application in the police, civil, and SAR markets. The system cues a helicopter observation system directly towards an area of interest providing immediate acquisition and tracking of any moving or stationary item, significantly reducing the observer’s workload and acquisition time.

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A standard safe helicopter aviator, head out, day and night helmet mounted display system which projects aircraft flight symbology into standard night vision goggles. The system is already operational on over 5,000 helicopters and 25 different platforms. Features: 24-hour operational capability from a single integrated system, independent pilot and copilot/gunner displays. Power: 28 VDC, < 35 W, Mil Std 704A. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, ARINC 429m RS 422, analogue, discrete and synchro. The system supports a full pilots’ head tracking (LOS) via a single card that slides into the SDC spare slot.

HeliDASH is a modular day/night display and sight helmet designed specifically for helicopter applications. It provides the pilot with high-resolution night vision, symbology, day symbology, accurate aiming and cueing via an electromagnetic Line-of-sight tracker. HeliDASH integrates the operational capabilities of proven HMDs, DASH, and ANVIS-HUD systems in a single stateof-the-art unit. Reduces pilot workload by displaying flight-critical information at eye level. Single compact electronic unit drives pilot and copilot helmet systems. Plug & play with installed ANVIS-HUD systems. Features a clear/dark visor. Single LRU drives both display and LOS for pilot and copilot. Night module: ANVIS-HUD with electromagnetic LOS. Day module: DASH 20° FOV visor-projected symbology.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated helmet systems ELBIT SYSTEMS MIDASH

Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS FSUEA 2031

Modular Integrated Display Advanced Sight Helmet designed to provide helicopter pilots with binocular imagery, symbology and magnetic Head Tracker for both day and night operation. The system includes a standard shell helmet with a personal fitting device, helicopter retained optical units (HRU) and a vest mounted unit (VMU). A stand-alone mode allows operation outside helicopter. Display is based on two image intensifiers and a single CRT tube for symbology, both projected on combiners. Night image FOV: 50 deg x 40 deg . Daytime FOV: 120 deg x 70 deg. Symbology FOV: 30 deg. Weight: helmet and HRUs a total of 2.2 kg. Eye Relief: 50 mm.

Russian binocular night vision goggles for piloting helicopters and light aircraft at low altitude, offered with either Gen II or Gen III tubes for low price. Manufactured by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Alpha, Moscow. Field of view: 38°. Magnification: unitary. Resolution: 30 lines per mm. Light gain: factor 20,000. Recognition distance, normal night illumination (0.005 lux): trunk 800 to 1,100 m, plane 500 to 600 m. Interpupillary adjustment range: 56 to 72.2 m. Diopter setting: +/- 3.5 diopters. Eye relief: 15 to 20 mm. Voltage supply: on-board DC power supply (voltage adapter is provided) 24.0 to 29.4 V - autonomous power supply (two AA cells) 2.2 to 3.2 . Continuous operation: (autonomous mode) - > 3 hours to > 8 hours. Weight: goggles 0.60 kg - counterbalance 0.57 kg - voltage adapter with a cable 0.35 kg. Dimensions: 110x135x125 mm.

ROCKWELL COLLINS EyeHUD Helmet Mounted Display (HMD)

Geophyzika GEO-NVG-III

A compact, light-weight, low-cost monocular display ideally suited for rotorcraft and combat support aircraft. Specifically designed to attached to the standard ANVIS Night Vision Goggle (NVG) mount, the EyeHUD HMD provides crew members basic HUD capability (aircraft flight, engine performance and weapons symbology) in both day and night operations. Designed to accommodate a wide range of aircraft configurations and mission requirements, the core EyeHUD system can be expanded to include head tracking. EyeHUD can be used with all military aviator helmets and provides full ranges of interpupillary distance (IPD), and vertical adjustments. Core system components: display module, day mount, night adapter, display drive module, helmet to vehicle interface (cable), advanced symbol generator, mounting tray. Optional components: head tracking system. Features: FOV: 20 degrees (day)/35 degrees (night), exit pupil: 15mm, eye relief: 60mm, flip-up capability, left/right eye all modes, contrast ratio: 1.4 @ 10,000 fL.

Russian Gen 3 goggles used in upgrade packages for Russian Mi-24/35. Image intensifier: Gen 3 (with gallium arsenide photocathode). Luminous sensitivity at 2,856°K: 1,200 microamps per lumen. Radiant sensitivity at 830 nanometres: 120 microamps per Watt. Field of view: 40°. Objective lens: 25 mm, F1.1. Eyepiece lens: 25 mm Eye relief: 43 mm. Diopter adjustment: +/-4. Exit pupil: 10 mm. Ambient light range: 10-5 to 10 lx. Power supply: 2 AA batteries.Weight: 780 g.

THALES TOPOWL

ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-6 (F4210)

Binocular Helmet-Mounted Sight/Display operating on Tiger, NH90, Rooivalk and selected by the US Marine Corps for its Cobra AH-1Z and Huey UH-1Y. Display module projects IR and NVG imagery plus flight and weapon aiming symbology onto visor. Features: Wide field-of-view in a light helmet; basic helmet fitted for each pilot, and a display module that remains in helicopter; compatible with NBC kits, head-in displays and aircrew equipment. Image intensifier tubes integrated with display module. Integrated cursive symbol generator provides clear symbology, even in full daylight. Binocular: 100% overlap. FOV: O 40°. Eye relief: 60 mm. Exit pupil: full field. Display capabilities: cursive symbology, raster video image, integrated image intensifiers. Head supported mass: 2.0 kg.

Spectral Response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of View: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.3 cy/mr (cycles per miliradian) minimum. Brightness gain: 5500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre Adjustment: +2 to -6 dioptres. Inter pupiladjustment: 51 to 72 mm. Fore-and-Aft Adjustment: 27 mm range. Tilt Adjustment: 10 deg minimum. Exit Pupil/Eye Relief On-axis: 14 mm @ 25-mm distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25-mm distance. Automatic Breakaway at 11 to 15 g. Operating endurance: nominally 30 hours under standard conditions. Batteries: 2 x AA size alkaline or lithium (BA-5567). Clip-on power source option allows hand-held use.

NIGHT VISION GOGGLES FENN NIGHT VISION LTD NG 2000/2000A

ITT INDUSTRIES NIGHT VISION AN/AVS-9 (F4949 SERIES)

Lightweight (under 600g), low-profile high-performance NVG system designed for extended mission profiles in space-restricted aircraft. Offers a wide FoV of 45 deg at 30 mm eye relief, high-quality, low distortion image. Most of weight is close to head, reducing head moment. Gen III, Omnibus IV technology, high resolution through state-of-the-art optics. HUD compatible, works over -32 to +52 deg C temperature range. Scene illumination: 10-6 fc. Spectral response: visible to 0.90 microns.Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.5 cy/mr minimum. Brightness gain: 3,000 fl/fl minimum. Dioptre adjustment: +2 to -3.5D. Inter pupil adjustment: 52 to 72 mm. Tilt adjustment: 8 deg minimum. Power supply: independent ocular supply 2.7 to 3 VDC- 40 mA. Battery type: 2 x lithium half-size 2.7 V. Weight: 590 g. Distortion: less than 3% across FOV.

Spectral response: visible to 0.90 µm (IR). Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.30 cy/mr minimum (1.36 typical). Brightness gain: 5,500 fL/fL minimum. Dioptre adjustment: minimum range +2.0 to -6.0. Inter pupil adjustment: independent, 51 to 72 mm total. Vertical adjustment: 25 mm range. Fore-and-aft adjustment: 27 mm range. Tilt adjustment: 10 deg range. Exit pupil/eye relief on axis: 14 mm @ 25 mm distance. Full-field: 6 mm @ 25 mm distance. Automatic breakaway: 11 to 15 g. Batteries: 2 x AA size, alkaline. Weight of binocular: 550 g (max). Weight of mount: 330 g. Operating temperature range: -32 deg C to +52 deg C.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Night vision goggles NEW NOGA LIGHT (2000) LTD NL-93 ANVIS Goggles Aviator goggles for both helicopter and fixed-wing pilots. In service with Israeli forces and export customers. Available with a wide range of image tubes. Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: 1 +/-5%. Resolution (minimum): 0.77 cy/mr with36 lp/mm Gen II+ tubes, 0.96 cy/mr with 45 lp/mm Super Gen II tubes, 1.2 cy/mr with 55 lp/mm XD-4 tubes, 1.3 cy/mr with 64 lp/ mm Gen III tubes. Brightness gain (minimum): 2,200 fL/fL (Gen II+), 2,600 fL/fL (Super Gen II), 3,200 fL/fL (XD-4), 3,600 fL/fL (Gen III). Exit pupil: 6mm. Eye relief: 25 mm. Automatic breakaway: 10-15 G. Binocular weight: ≤ 570 g. Mount weight: ≤ 150 g. Power source: AA alkaline or lithium batteries.

NEWCON OPTIK NIGHT VISION GOGGLES The NVS 6 night vision goggles provide a safe piloting of helicopters and low attitude planes at night or in low light conditions with two Gen II + or Gen III advanced image intensifier tubes. The mounting systems allows quick attachment of the goggles to the head helmet and possibility to flip the goggles up for unobstructed vision. The unit can use standard AA batteries or an onboard (27 V) power. The device has passed all applicable test and has been accepted for use by several armies around the world. Magnification: 1x Field of view: 40º Lens aperture: 25 mm Exit pupil: 8 mm Eye relief: 22 mm Dyoptric correction: +/- 4 IPD range: 56-72 mm Focus range: 250 mm to infinity Power supply: 2AA Operational temperature: -40º C to +55º C Weight: 0.610 kg

Night vision goggles « SPECIFICATIONS SAGEM DÉFENSE SÉCURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP) CN2H-AA Mk II Pilot NVG The latest version of the CN2H, designed for use at night by both helicopter and transport aircraft pilots. Various versions to meet specific pilot requirements. They can fit a variety of helmets (OS 458 and 459, Gallet LH 250, Alpha, Gentex, SPH3, SPH4, SPH5, HGU-55, ZSh-5, etc) with their dedicated interfaces. Power supply module: mounted at the rear of the helmet to balance the goggles (1.5 V AA batteries, 3 V or 3.5 V lithium batteries, or aircraft 28 V supply. Intensified imager (I2) tubes: 3rd generation of super Gen Tubes, XD-4, XR-5 or HX-72. Performance depends on image intensifier tubes. An internal filter can be coated on the goggle optics to ensure JVN compatibility with aircraft onboard lighting. FoV: 40 deg or 50 deg. Magnification: x 1. Gain: >2,700 (3rd generation tubes). Gain Match: <50%. Weight: goggles only 590 g, power pack 150 g, helmet set 100 g. Eye relief: 20 mm.

SENSOR TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS (STS) AN/PVS-21 Low profile (less than 8 cm deep) night vision goggle designed to allow aggressive movements in rough terrain. Beam combiner system reduces the distance the goggle projects from the face, enables seamless ops during transitional environments such as dusk and dawn and allows overlay of intensified / unintensified images. It is compatible with existing head straps and helmets, and has a low moment arm compared to conventional NV equipment. Rugged and selfcontained, it is waterproof to 1 atm (10 m). It uses conventional batteries (a single AA, 1.5V alkaline or 3.6V lithium) and features IR LEDs for operation in zero-light areas. Intensified Field-of-view (FoV): 40º +/- 2”. Un-aided FoV: 165º horizontal & 90º vertical. Objective focus: 33 cm to infinity. Resolution at infinity: 1.2 cy/mr. Exit pupil: 10 mm on axis. Eye Relief: approx. 15 mm. Adjustments: Tilt - 14º total travel on goggle IPD - 55 mm to 75 mm. Mounts: ballistic and aviation helmets, head straps and harnesses.

NORTHROP GRUMMAN LITTON EOS M949 Aviator’s Goggle AN/AVS-9 Scene illumination: 10 -6 to 1 fc. Spectral response: visible to 0.9 µm. Field of view: 40 deg . Magnification: unity. Resolution: 1.30 cy/mr minimum. Brightness gain: 5,500 fL/fl minimum. Dioptre adjustment: +2.0 to -6. Inter pupil adjustment: 51 - 72mm independent. Vertical adjustment: 16 or 25 mm, model dependent. Fore-and-aft adjustment: 27mm. Tilt adjustment: 10 deg minimum. Exit pupil/eye relief on axis: 14mm @ 25mm. Full-field: 6mm @ 25mm. Automatic breakaway at 11 to 15 g. Battery voltage 2.7 to 3.0 volts DC. Battery type: AA Alkaline. Weight of binocular: 540 g. Weight of mount: 330 g.

OIP SENSOR SYSTEMS Helimun High performance night vision system for helicopter pilots, available with 40° and super-wide 60° field of view. Features new XD-4 or XR-5 image intensifiers and a new ANVIS type bracket. Magnification: unity. Resolution: 0.8 mrad/lp or better for 40° goggle, 1.1 for 60° goggle. Dioptre adjustment: -5 to +2 for 40° goggle, -6 to +3 for 60° goggle. Inter-pupil adjustment: 52 to 76 mm. Tilt adjustment: 10° minimum. Exit pupil: 10 mm. Eye relief: 26 mm for 40° goggle, 19 mm for 60° goggle. Focal range: 25 cm to infinity. IR LED incorporated. Minus blue filter. Weight excluding battery pack on back of helmet 610 g. Batteries: 2 x AA alkaline. Can be adapted to all pilots’ helmets.

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helicopter specifications weapon specifications helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military helicopter fleets

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guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

SENSORS A selection of major radars and electro-optical sensor systems with significant military capabilities now in service on helicopters or under development for helicopter applications. Systems are listed in alphabetical order by manufacturer. A small lexicon of radar terminology found in the entries is included. Equipment is split into two sections: ± Radars ± Electro-optical systems


SPECIFICATIONS » Radars Terminology

Radars « SPECIFICATIONS RADARS

» RAYTHEON ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AN SERIES

Beam sharpening

a range of signal processing techniques to improve accuracy, includes Doppler BS

Clutter

unwanted echoes from sea/land surface, etc

Coherent

term used for pulses with a known phase relationship, usually fragments of a continuous sine wave, essential for pulse compression and Doppler filtering, desirable for moving target indication processing

Constant false alarm rate processing

automatic adjustment of detection threshold to maintain pre-selected false alarm rate as clutter levels vary

CW (continuous wave)

an uninterrupted sine wave signal, as opposed to interrupted (ICW) or a pulsed signal

Doppler effect

frequency change in reflected signal when radar and target are moving towards or away from each other

Frequency agility

the ability to change frequency rapidly, makes radar harder to intercept and jam, reduces clutter

Paraboloid

antenna shape incorporating parabolic curves

Pulse

a burst of radar energy

Pulse compression

a technique for discriminating between targets close together in range. Front of reflected pulse delayed in receiver more than the rear of the same pulse

Scan-to-scan integration

returns from successive scans over a short period are stored and added together, echoes from real targets reinforce each other, those from clutter are random and don’t

Synthetic aperture and inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR and ISAR)

a system that uses platform motion (SAR) or target motion (ISAR) to simulate a very large antenna (aperture). Successive returns are added and processed to remove Doppler distortion, producing an image good enough for high-resolution mapping (SAR) or target classification (ISAR)

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» HONEYWELL AEROSPACE AN/APN-215V and AN/APN-234 Maritime search, weather avoidance and ground mapping radar family. Only APN-234 model has maritime search capability. Frequency: 9.3 GHz (I band). Power: 10 kW peak output. Antenna: flat plate with various size options, 120° azimuth scan coverage. Range: 240 nm. Weight: 35.3 lb divided among three modules: transceiver, colour control and display unit (CDU) and antenna system, or 39 lb with auxiliary interface unit. Options: auxiliary interface unit allowing integrated display of nav information from other sensors, and providing general check list functions.

» IAI ELTA ELECTRONICS EL/M-2022A Maritime surveillance radar family. Modes: long range surveillance and ASW, navigation and weather, maritime moving target indication, Doppler beam sharpening, SAR, ISAR and range profile classification, beacon interrogation. Features: Low false alarm rate, multi-target track while scan (TWS) of up to 100 targets, expand and freeze, sector/full scan, detection and track accuracies compatible with electro-optical systems, ECCM (low probability of intercept, low sidelobe levels. Interfaces: MIL-STD1553B, RS-422. Optional features: airborne targets detection, IFF interrogator compatibility, control interface to electrooptical system, integrated radar and optical sensor video display, different video interface standards. Variants: (V)1 detection range (Sea State 3) of 55 nm (small ships), 50 target TWS, power requirement 1 KW, weighs 65-70 kg; (V)2 detection of 1 m2 target in SS3 at 25 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2 KW, weight 89-98 kg; (V)3 1 m2 target in SS3 at 28 nm, small ships at 80 nm, needs 2.3 kW, weighs 95-103 kg. Growth potential: spare memory space and computing power, different video interface standards.

ASW and ASuW radars derived from AN/APS-137. Designed for detection of periscopes exposed for under 5 sec. Transmitter: coherent, 500 kW peak, 500 W average power. Frequency: 9.5-10 GHz, linear FM, fixed or agile. Antenna: stabilised, n x 360° scan, 6, 60, and 300 rpm, sector scans, 34.5 dB gain. Receiver: linear FM pulse compression, automatic gain control, constant false alarm rate. Digital signal processing: high resolution scan-toscan integration, multi-target track-while-scan, optional SAR and ISAR. Display processing: PPI and B scan, multiple highresolution video formats, optional ISAR with range profile, video freeze. Standard interfaces: 1553, ARINC 407 synchro, RS-232, RS-343, RS-170 video. Detection ranges: periscope, Sea State 4, 25 nm; large patrol boat, SS4, 75 nm; destroyer in SS5, 170 nm. Modes: periscope/small target, surface surveillance, nav/ weather, image. Options: custom antenna installations, classifywhile-scan, coherent look-down air target detection and tracking, ISAR, SAR, DBS, GMTI, image classification, control and display.

AN/APQ-174 Multi-mode radar for special operations, derived from LANTIRN terrain following (TF) radar. Modes: standby, terrain following (normal, power management, weather penetration), terrain avoidance (TA), ground mapping (GM), air-to-ground ranging, beacon interrogation, weather detection, TF/TA, TF/GM, TF/ Beacon, TF/weather. Set clearances: 100, 150, 200, 300, 500 ft. Turning flight capability: use of terrain storage for pre-turn and turn-back status, 5.5°/sec turn rate. Weather performance: selectable circular polarisation, works despite 10 mm/hr rain. Features: high ECM resistance, semi-covert operation (power management), low reflectivity terrain performance, Mil Std 1553 interface. Fail safe: extensive internal monitoring, periodic and initiated BIT, end-to-end test. Modules: Pod, Radar Interface Unit, Pressurisation unit. Weight: 250 lb. Size: pod 13 in diameter, 43 in long, RIU 30 x 9 x 14 in. Power: 115 VAC 400 Hz 2,100VA, 28 VDC 38 W. MTBF: 144 hours specified.

AN/APS-124

» LOCKHEED MARTIN MISSILES AND FIRE CONTROL LONGBOW (AN/APG-78) Millimetre wave fire control radar in production for the AH-64D Longbow Apache attack helicopter. Survivability: a seven-fold improvement over AH-64A. Automatically detects, prioritises and classifies the highest priority targets. Reduces exposure (inside threat timelines). Is effective against ground and air targets. Has selectable automatic prioritisation. Has a low probability of being intercepted. Passively locates and attacks emitters (with radar frequency interferometer). Continuous operations: adds adverse weather capability. Penetrates battlefield obscurants. Provides 24 hour capability. Lethality: four-fold improvement in lethality. Cues fire-and-forget MMW Longbow Hellfire missile (AGM-114L). Improves rate of fire. Places more effective fire on targets at maximum range of 8 km. Combined arms: provides target cueing information by digital means to combined arms team. Increases combined arms kills. Is a true force multiplier. Is a major contributor to the digitised battlefield. Attack zones and no fire zones automatically displayed.

Long range maritime search and targeting radar originally developed for US Navy Seahawk. Modes: long range search (2 microsecond pulse duration, pulse repetition frequency of 470 Hz, 6 rpm scan rate, 296 km max display range); medium range search (1 microsecond pulse duration, 940 Hz, 12 rpm scan rate, 74 km max display range), fast scan surveillance (0.5 microsecond pulse duration, 1,880 Hz, 120 rpm). Antenna: stabilised linear array in belly radome, 360° scan capability. Features: High mean output power, good clutter rejection for detection of small targets in high sea states, digital scan converter for scan-to-scan integration, datalink for communication and operation as shiphelicopter team for missile targeting and submarine hunting. Helicopter installations: US Navy SH-60B, Spanish Navy S-70B-1.

Sea Vue Family of maritime surveillance radars. Frequency: 9.4 GHz to 9.8 GHz. Features: SeaVizon, a combination of parameters and signal processing designed for superior target detection in all sea states. Adaptive aperture ISAR for imaging from zero to very high sea states. Performance: typical detection ranges in sea state 3: Man in life raft 30 nm, Patrol boat 95 nm, Tanker 230 nm. Modes: small target detection, surface surveillance, navigation and mapping, weather avoidance, ISAR with Range Profiling, SAR. Display: colour or monochrome flat panel, PPI and B-scan presentations, multiple high resolution video

formats, ISAR image, range profiling (A-scan) presentation in addition to ISAR images, SAR map. Full coherent operation for ISAR, SAR and Moving Target Detection. Transmitter: coherent, solid state, grid modulator TWT Power: 8kW, 15 kW, or 50 kW peak. Antenna: stabilised, parabolic or flat plate, 360-degree scan at 6 RPM, 60 RPM or 120 RPM. Has sector and searchlight capability, integral IFF. Receiver-Exciter-SynchronizerProcessor (RESP): linear FM pulse compression, Digital pulse compression, Sensitivity Time Control (STC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC). Line replaceable units: antenna 23 kg, Transmitter 30 kg, RESP 37 kg. Standard Interfaces: ARINC 429, RS-232, RS-422, MIL-STD-1553, RS-170 Video, RS-343 Video, STANAG 33508. Available Enhancements include: Moving Target Discriminator, ISAR Classification Aids, Digital map coastline overlay, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS), Coherent look-down air target detection and tracking.

» SELEX SENSORS AND AIRBORNE SYSTEMS BLUE KESTREL Pulse compression maritime surveillance radar in the UK Royal Navy’s EH101 Merlin helicopters. The COTS processor used in the Blue Kestrel radar is based on the Seaspray 3600 and Seaspray 7000E series of processors. Missions: anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface-vessel warfare, surveillance, search and rescue. Frequency: 8-10 GHz (I band). Antenna: flat-plate, planar array, 360° scan. Transmitter: travelling wave tube with low peak power but high mean power. Weight: (complete system) <100 kg divided among four line-replaceable units (LRUs). Features: pulse compression, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) processing, multiple target track-while-scan, operator selectable scan-toscan integration, ISAR imaging, range profiling, SAR Mapping, four line-replaceable units (LRUs), high gain receiver, digital processor. Interfaces: Mil-Std 1553B databus connects radar with Merlin’s mission avionics management system. Range: 200 nm. Options and Growth: Automatic image classification, EScan antenna, etc. Status: initial deliveries complete and system being sustained and enhanced via the Merlin CSP programme.

SEASPRAY 3000 family (includes Seaspray 3600) Formerly known as Seaspray Mk3, this radar represents a major upgrade of the Mk1 a new human/machine interface and a digital signal processor. Like the Mk1, it is a sea surveillance and missile targeting pulse radar. Frequency: 8-10 GHz (I band). Antenna: paraboloid with 360° scan capability. Transmitter: high-speed, spin-tuned magnetron, 90 kW peak output. Features: high speed frequency agility and allows choice of four PRFs and two pulse widths, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processing, operator selectable scan-to-scan integration, trackwhile scan, good performance in heavy sea clutter and ECM. Modes: search, nav, missile guidance (monopulse lock-follow illumination of target). Weight: 198 lb divided among six linereplaceable units (LRUs). Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B databus and other standard interfaces. Display: monochrome or colour tactical situation display, can show other sensor images. Options: antenna sizes up to 1 m, display types, operator selectable circular polarisation.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Radars SEASPRAY 7000E family (consisting of Seaspray 6500E, 7000E and 7500E) Active Electronically Scanned Array radar for helicopters, fixed wing aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Designed to deliver a wide range of surveillance capabilities to monitor land, sea and air. All functions are software based, hardware is open architecture using commercial off the shelf based processor card to ease upgrades and side-step component obsolescence. Said to offer ‘genuine multimode performance’ for less complexity and cost than equivalent all-mechanically scanned systems. Azimuth coverage uses a combination of electronic and mechanical scanning, elevation scanning is all-electronic. Numerous individual Transmit Receive Modules (TRMs) replace conventional antenna. Weight: from 50kg. Features include ISAR, SAR, GMTI, and various other surveillance modes.

Vixen 500E Vixen 500E is a very capable Active Electronically Scanned Array radar developed for the export fighter aircraft market. Aimed primarily at light to medium weight aircraft this system delivers significant performance and reliability improvements over that delivered by conventional mechanically scanned radars. The use of hundreds of TRM’s delivers a reliability much higher than what can be realistically offered by conventional mechanically scanned radars. Utilising the company standard COTS based processor and common transmit receive modules across the company’s range of E-Scan radars Vixen 500E is available to meet the requirements of the 21st century. Consisting of two primary LRUs with supporting cooling and power units Vixen 500E can be easily installed with one of the advantages being that no conventional waveguides are required. Weight 100kg. Features : A-A, A-S modes, including SAR mapping, Air Combat and Situational Awareness modes. Options include ISAR imaging.

» SELEX SISTEMI INTEGRATI APS-705/705A Multi-mode maritime radar fitted to Agusta ASH-3D and AB-212 ASW helicopters. Missions: anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface vessel warfare, search and rescue. Modes: search, navigation, mapping, targeting. Frequency: 8-20 GHz (I to J band). Antenna: line-of-sight stabilised, selectable rotation rates (20 or 40 rpm), manual tilt control giving +/- 20° movement in elevation. Power: two 25 kW transceivers for frequency diversity. Pulse width: 0.05 and 1.5 microseconds. Pulse repetition frequency: 1,600 and 650 Hz. Weight: 80 kg. Options: 75 kW frequency agile transmitter, integrated SMA UPX 719 beacon system. Upgrade to 705A standard includes digital processing and interfaces with other sensors and weapon systems plus additional features: multiple target track-whilescan, colour display, freeze mode. Platforms: as of this edition, APS-705A radars are reported to have been installed aboard AB 212 ASW (63 aircraft) and upgraded SH-3D helicopters of the Italian Navy. APS-705 series radars are also likely to be fitted to the AB 212 ASW helicopters operated by the Brazilian (10), Greek (10), Iranian (at least 6), Peruvian (12) and Venezuelan (12) navies.

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APS-707 Light, compact, high-performance, multi-purpose maritime radar. Missions: anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface vessel warfare, SAR. Modes: search, targeting, navigation, mapping, IFF interrogation. Frequency: 8-20 GHz (I/J band). Antenna: stabilised unit with integrated IFF module, 360° rotation. Features: advanced electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM), target designation for anti-ship missiles launched either from the parent helicopter or a friendly surface vessel. Display: raster scan with freeze mode. Options: integration of TV camera or thermal imager video picture to aid target recognition, Mil Std 1553B databus interface. Helicopters: Italian Navy Agusta ASH3H anti-surface vessel warfare machines plus export customer.

APS-717 A range of search/surveillance and navigation radars also capable of performing SAR, and targeting functions. Frequency: 8-20 GHz (I/J band). Variants: APS-717(V) and APS-717(V)2. APS-717(V) features: low weight, antenna gives 180° azimuth coverage and is line-of-sight stabilised; constant false alarm rate processing, scanto-scan and pulse to pulse integration, colour display, freeze mode. Interfaces: can be integrated with a thermal imager (to obtain or provide pointing cues) and with the aircraft’s navigation system. APS-717(V)2 features: as 717(V) but with n x 360° instead of 180° azimuth coverage plus integration of night vision sensors (thermal imager and low light level TV), and an RF output for a VCR. Options: 32-target track-while-scan facility. Helicopter installations: Italian Air Force combat SAR Agusta AS-61Rs, Italian Ports Authority Agusta Bell 412.

HEW-784 Heliborne Early Warning radar for AEW version of Italian Navy’s EH101, closely related to the MM/APS-784 above. Designed for detection of both aircraft and missiles with extremely low radar cross sections as well as surface targets. Frequency: X band. Antenna: parabolic with 360° scan and sector scan capability. Antenna is larger than that of MM/APS-784, requires 3m diameter radome. Transmitter: coherent travelling wave tube type, with very high average power. Features: pulse compression, pulse-topulse frequency agility, adaptive, multiple target look-up, lookdown air-to-air track-while-scan strategies, scan-to-scan integration, datalink to task force surface ships. ISAR Display: can feed digital multi-function displays. Two separate scan converters for video displays, different formats and orientations can be presented on each, integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the aircraft as four separate line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, multiple video outputs in standard format.

MM/APS-784 Pulse Doppler surface search radar for the Italian Navy’s EH101. Designed to detect very small objects such as submarine periscopes despite heavy sea clutter, rain and electronic countermeasures. Modes: anti-surface vessel (including missile launch assistance), anti-submarine warfare (periscope detection), weather avoidance, navigation. Frequency: X band. Antenna: parabolic with 360° scan and sector scan, 1.8 m diameter radome. Transmitter: coherent travelling wave tube type. Features: pulse compression, pulse-to-pulse frequency agility, adaptive, multiple target track-while-scan strategies, scan-to-scan integration. Display: can feed digital multi-function displays. Two separate scan converters for video displays, different formats and orientations can be presented on each, integrated IFF. Modules: fits into the aircraft as four separate line replaceable units. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B, multiple video outputs in standard format.

SPECIFICATIONS » Radars

Radars « SPECIFICATIONS

P2132 CRESO

RDR-1400C

High resolution, pulse-Doppler battlefield surveillance radar, an important component of the SORAO surveillance and target acquisition subsystem. CRESO is a candidate for integration into NATO’s Alliance Ground Surveillance system. Frequency: Xband. Transmitter: travelling wave tube type and frequency agility over a very large bandwidth. Antenna: flat, slottedwaveguide planar array 2 m wide by about 35 cm high. Modes: acquisition (medium res, wide scan), counting (high res, narrow scan), memory and recall (replay up to 8 scans for analysis), and expansion (improves res of previous scan). Features: Moving Target Indication, high ECM resistance, pulse compression, constant-false-alarm-rate. Range: around 100 km (degrades by about 20% in rain of 20 mm/hour). Weight: around 140 kg total in five line-replaceable units (LRUs). Interfaces: Mil Std 1553B databus, linked to helicopter’s thermal imaging and ESM systems. Helicopter: Agusta AB412.

Weather, search, navigation, beacon tracking; oil slick detection; Frequency: I-band. Antenna: planar antenna in 4 different sizes; sector scan 60 and 120 degrees; scan rate 28°/sec. PW: 0.5 and 2.35 microseconds; 200 nanosecond pulse available in 107 model. Power: 10 KW peak. Modes: weather, precise groundmapping (2 modes); navigation; beacon navigation and tracking; search; oil slick detection. Features: good surface clutter rejection allowing detection of small boat and other SAR type targets down to a minimum range of either 300 m or 150 m. Display: colour or monochrome; EFIS. Range: 160 nm maximum. Weight: RDR-1400C-106 model at 34.1 lb; RDR-1400C107 model at 23.5 lb. Installations: 8,000 platforms; Cougar, Super Puma, HH/MH-60, SH-3, Mi-7/8, LOH, EC-155, AB-212, AB412, EH-101 Cormorant, MBB-105, CN-235, C-295, C-130, Co-228, Oryx, C-47, S-61; Status: -106 in production; -107 in production in 2001; more than 8,000 operational.

» TELEPHONICS CORPORATION

RDR-1500B/RDR-1553

AN/APS-143C(V)3 Ocean Eye The newest addition to Telephonics’ family of Maritime, Surveillance, Imaging and Tracking radars. Durable, light weight, Low Probability of Interception multi mode radar. Ocean Eye features a three-box system comprised of a Receiver/ Transmitter (R/T), Signal Processor (SP) and Antenna/Pedestal (AP). It could be nose, belly or flush mounted. The APS-143C(V)3 has four standard modes of operation: Small Target, Search, Weather and SART Beacon. Optional: Stripmap SAR, ISAR, Range Profiling, IFF Interrogator; planned GMTI and AIS Mission Diversity: Anti-Surface Warfare, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Proven Small Target Detection, Anti-Mine Warfare, Combat Search and Rescue, Long Range Maritime Surveillance and Identification, Fisheries Protection, Coastal and Border Surveillance, Contraband Control and Interdiction Display & Processing: display scales: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256 nmi Performance: Max. range over 200 nmi, Display range resolution: 0.01 nmi (1 meter for imaging option), Azimuth accuracy: 0,5 deg or better. Frequency: X-band. Antenna: full 360 deg scan, stabilized, with available Integrated IFF dipoles. Interfaces: MIL-STD-1553, ARINC 429/571/575, IEEE-802 Ethernet, RS-232/422, Serial I/O. Weight: 180 lb / 82 kg (with optional SAR / ISAR). Power: required 115V, 400 Hz, 3-phase, 1.8 kVA and 28V, 12 A DC. MTBF: 800 hours for helicopters, 1400 hours for fixed-wings.

AN/APS-147(V) New multi-mode maritime inverse SAR radar. Modes: target imaging, small target/periscope detection, long range surveillance, weather avoidance, all weather navigation, shortrange SAR, enhanced LPI search, target designation. Features: high throughput signal and data processing; claims to detect very small targets and display them with a resolution unmatched by other radar; advanced processing claimed to allow much lower output levels than traditional maritime radar resulting in very low LPI. Installations: will upgrade 300 USN SH-60R LAMPS MkIII helicopters. Status: Completed Technical Evaluation and Operational Evaluations, entered full rate production 2006.

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Land and sea surveillance radar; optimised for medium to low altitudes. Frequency: I band. Antenna: Phased array in 3 different sizes; pedestal for 360 deg and 120 sector scan. PRF: 200, 800 or 1,600 Hz; PW: 0.1, 0.5 or 2.35 microseconds. Modes: surface search; terrain mapping; weather avoidance. Range: 160 nm max. Features: RDR-1500B has optional 20target tracker; LCD colour display; map overlay; FLIR steering and display; RDR-1553 built-in tracker and all interfaces for glass cockpit integration. Modules: RDR-1500B has antenna/pedestal; transceiver; processor; control unit; 6 in cockpit display; 9 in operator display; new RDR-1553 model has only antenna/ pedestal; transceiver; processor. Weight: 75 lb for RDR-1500B; 50 lb for RDR1553. Installations: HH-65 Dolphin, Agusta A-109, AB-412, AS-555N Fennec; An-32, AS-355, Super Puma, Cougar, C-212, F-406, Do-228, P-166, Lynx 100, Sea King SH-3; Status: RDR-1500B in full production; RDR-1553 in production 2001; more than 300 operational.

RDR-1600

» THALES DETEXIS

» THALES SENSORS

DAV

SEARCHWATER 2000AEW

Rotor-mounted, air-to-air radar. Functions: detection, recognition of aeroplanes and helicopters at low and very low altitude; recognition, classification; missile approach warning; air collision warning. Operational characteristics: all-weather; very short reaction time; accurate threat localisation; easy integration into weapon system; missile envelope calculation; low false alarm rate; low probability of intercept; jammer rejection, no increase to helicopter’s RCS. Transmitter: solid state source, transistorised amplifier, frequency agile. Antenna: rotates with main rotor, 24° elevation coverage, weight; under 60 kg, power under 800 W, diameter; 90 cm, height 42 cm. Receiver: low noise, superheterodyne. Doppler analysis: digital processing with FFT. Helicopter identification: blade flashes analysis. Target designation data: azimuth, elevation, range, speed, accuracy sufficient for AAM lock on, EO system pointing. Interface: 3 MCU ARINC 600 box, 5 kg, 1553B databus.

Heliborne Airborne Early Warning (AEW) radar selected for upgrade of UK Royal Navy’s AEW Sea King fleet to AEW Mk7 standard. A highly mobile gap filler for Battlespace Management Command and Control (BMC2) Operational roles: warning against low level attack; intercept direction of fighter aircraft, autonomous secure air defence command and control unit; maritime surveillance system offering detection of very small targets, even periscopes, in high sea states; over-the-horizon targeting, search and rescue and coastal surveillance. Modes: air-to-air (look-up and look-down), maritime surveillance (ASW and ASuW) in littoral or open water. Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI), Air MTI, and Surface MTI for detection of small and slow moving targets. Navigation and ground mapping, target classification, weather, beacon homing. Features: pulse Doppler/pulse envelope interlacing. Can discriminate between high velocity airborne targets and lower velocity land and sea targets, and can detect small targets in sub-land and sea clutter. Integrated Mk XII IFF, INS/GPS, Link 16. Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Improved Data Modem (IDM) data links. Operator facilities: large, high res flatpanel colour displays and interactive control panels. Highly modular and can be fitted to a wide range of fixed and rotary wing aircraft.

HORIZON I-band long range ground surveillance radar. Primary sensor of HORIZON system mounted on Eurocopter AS 532UL Cougar and feeding information to ground station in 5-ton truck via datalink. Frequency: I/J band. Range: 200 km (clear weather), 150 km (rain and clouds). Resolution: 40 m in range, 2 m/s in velocity. Operating modes: high resolution ground mapping, moving target indication (MTI), fixed echo indication, electronic intelligence (ELINT). Scanning: combined mechanical and electronic, sector width up to 360°, any sector axis, rate 2°, 4° or 8°/sec. Coverage: panoramic surveillance of 20,000 km2 in 10 seconds. Continuous or ‘snapshot’ surveillance. Target location, classification and speed measurement while scanning. Classification: three categories; helicopters, wheeled and tracked vehicles, others. Survivability: ultra low sidelobe antenna, frequency agility, ‘snapshot’ mode. Datalink range: 100-150 km.

Search and Rescue, Weather Avoidance Radar System selected for Danish EH-101s. Designed for operation in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, the RDR-1600 accommodates today’s modern glass configured flight decks and multi-function displays. Utilising the latest mechanical packaging techniques and surface mount technology, the RDR-1600 provides maximum performance with a 25% reduction in weight and power consumption compared with competitors, says the company. Offers a minimum detection range of 450 feet for precision approach landings, ‘half that of current industry standards’.

OCEAN MASTER

RDR-1700

SARIS

The RDR-1700 multi-mode, X-band radar has a flexible design that allows installation in helicopters as well as fixed-wing aircraft for support of search and rescue activities that require detection of small vessels. The system has an integral target tracking capability. At a weight of less than 35 kg and with three search modes and 360-degree digital colour scanning.

Sea surveillance radar for detection of all types of targets (including small ones) in all sea states. Track while scan: 200 targets. Classification modes: range profile: Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) optional. Weather avoidance: colour display of cloud iso-reflectively. Navigation mode: high range resolution ground mapping. Display: colour display, tactical situation, range scales up to 240 nm. Weight: less than 85 kg including human-machine interface. Maintenance: built in test (no test bench). Status: in production. Sold to French Navy and to export customers.

SEARCHWATER 2000MR Multi-mode, coherent pulse Doppler and pulse compression maritime surveillance radar with digital processing and adaptive threshold control. Operational roles and modes: ASW and ASuW in littoral or open water, air-to-air (look up and look down), moving target indication (MTI), navigation and ground mapping, weather, beacon homing, target classification (range profile, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), spotlight and Swath SAR. Frequency range: X band. Antenna: planar or reflector with 360° scan capability, vertically or horizontally polarised. Cooling medium: ambient air. Power consumption: < 4kVA, 115V 3 phase typical. Interfaces: Mil Std 1553, RS422, ARINC 429 or user defined. Weight: less than 100 kg. Features: track-while-scan of more than 100 targets, detects small targets in high sea states, littoral and open water processing, ISAR/SAR classification of targets, low probability of intercept. Can be supplied as stand alone or as complete mission system with IFF, ESM, Datalink, FLIR and INS. EPS etc., compatible with all fireand-forget missiles.

SARIS is a new generation of SAR/MTI radars for helicopters, UAVs, business jets and fighter aircraft. Designed to detect moving targets and provide real-time submetric class images. When used jointly with image analysis tools, SARIS ‘gives a complete view of the ground tactical situation’, claims Thales.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEMS

» CONTROP PRECISION TECHNOLOGIES D-STAMP, U-STAMP

» ASELSAN AS ASELFLIR-200 Gyroscopic Stabilised Gen II Airborne Thermal Imaging Systems. Configurations: FLIR only; FLIR + Colour CCD or FLIR + Eyesafe Laser Range Finder; FLIR + Colour CCD + Eyesafe Laser Range Finder. IR Sensor: 4 x 240 focal-plane array detector which is operating in the 8-12 micrometer band. Daylight Channel: colour CCD, continuous zoom. Laser Range Finder: eye safe laser range finder. Features: gyro and electronic stabilisations; Local Area Processing (LAP) for real-time image enhancement; multimode tracker in video and inertial/radar cued modes; a third FOV for navigation; MIL-STD-1553/Arinc-429 and other discrete data busses to interface with other on board avionics such as radar, inertial sensor, mission computer and weapon systems; analogue and digital video outputs for display, transmission and recording; freeze frame mode; x2 and x4 electronic zoom; gimbal angular coverage: 360° continuous in azimuth and +40/-105° in elevation; head steerable gimbal slew rate; compact design: FLIR only sensor is 12 in and CCD colour camera and/or LRF additional sensor configurations are 13 in turret diameter; fully compliant with MIL-#-5400 and MIL-STD-810.

» AXSYS TECHNOLOGIES CINEFLEX V14 HD High-definition five-axis gyro-stabilised turret system with an integrated high-definition daylight camera and a laptop controller. Light and compact, it is designed for surveillance and security as well as cinema and news gathering operations. The V14 HD relies on an extremely accurate gimbal system that provides sharp, stable performance and comprehensive control of azimuth, elevation, and roll. Its flexible high-definition daylight camera accepts multiple lens configurations with optical zoom capacities extending from short range wide fields of view to long range narrow fields of view. Features: extremely accurate gimbal system; automatic and steerable field of view; continuous 360º pan (azimuth); +20º to-195º tilt (elevation); +/- 45º roll; Sony HDC 1500 high-definition TV camera with 1,920 x 1,080 effective pixels; f/1.4 prism system; multiple lens options; full digital servo control system; choice of ergonomic laptop control units. Weight: 45 to 68 lb depending on lens. Dimensions: 19.5 x 14.5 x 19.5 inches.

CINEFLEX V14-MS II The V14 MS II is a five-axis gyro stabilised multi-sensor turret with high-definition day TV, thermal imaging and laser pointer, rangefinder and illuminator options. The turret weighs about 80 lb and measures 19.5 x 14.5 x 19 inches. Azimuth coverage is unlimited and it can elevate from +36° to -188°. The HD sensor can be stabilised in roll from -20° to +20°. Features: The thermal imager is a three-field-of-view cooled 3-5 micron InSb mid-wave focal plane array device that measures 640 x 512 pixels. The high-definition TV camera is a Sony HDC 1500 3 CCD 2/3” device with a 25:1 zoom ratio and 2x optical and digital extenders. Laser rangefinder: 1.54 micron erbium glass laser with a range resolution of +/- 2m available. Laser illuminator: 1 or 2 Watt class 4 laser with 1x1° beam divergence. Laser pointer: 5 to 40 mW NVG compatible class IIB laser with 0.2 mrad beam divergence. Options: autotracker; radar and navigation interface; searchlight interface; digital zoom (1 x to 4 x continuous); DVR with continuous loop recording; geo pointing; video fusion (HD day TV and IR); frame grab with SD card drive; moving map interface. 80


Stabilised miniature payload for use on board VTOLs, UAVs, small UAVs, small manned aircraft and helicopters, aerostats and balloons, manned and unmanned ground and maritime vehicles. Payload configurations including gyro mechanical stabilization system, INS with GPS, CCD camera for day-time use, Low Light Level CCD, or uncooled IR camera, for night-time operation. Modes of Operation: Control in ‘observation mode’ is via joystick rate command, ‘point-to-coordinate,’ ‘inertial target tracking’ and optional ‘scan’ modes. Stabilised platform: three(3) gimbals mechanical Gyro stabilising the payload with a pointing accuracy of 1° relative to aircraft heading. Field of Regard: +70 to -40° in pitch, in roll//yaw +/- 170 °. Sensors configurations: a)¼ inch high-resolution colour CCD TV camera with x10 continuous optical zoom lens offering 48x38° (widest) and 5.2x4.2° (narrowest) fields of view and up to x4 electronic zoom and NTSC or PAL output. B) Uncooled IR camera C) or Low Light Level CCD for night-time operation with continuous zoom lens. Weight: from 750 g. to 1050 g. Dimensions: diameter 128 mm, length 150 mm. Temperature limits: -10 to +45°C. Altitude: limited by vehicle. Electrical interface: 24 and 12 VDC, 9W. Comms interface: RS232 standard, RS422 optional. Options: Inertial Navigational S ystem, GPS, high resolution panoramic scan and display mode, alternative mountings, payload mounting horizontal or vertical (up or down), wide roll angular dynamic range, optical bench with point-to-coordinate capability.

DSP-1 Compact dual very high performance sensor day/night observation system for helicopters, light reconnaissance aircraft, UAVs and marine patrol boats. Stabilised platform: four (4) gimbals axis stabilise the turret in azimuth and elevation to better than 10 microradians RMS. Pointing accuracy is 0.5°. Field of regard: +70° to -115° in elevation, unlimited in azimuth. IR sensor FOX 450/750: 3-5 micron indium antimonide (InSb), 320 x 256 or 640 x 512 element focal plane array with up to x36 continuous optical zoom lens. Fields of view are 27° x 20.6° (wide) to 1.2 ° x 0.9 ° (narrow), 0.6° x 0.45° (electronic zoom). Daylight channel: High-resolution colour CCD camera with 768 x 494 element chip and x20 continuous zoom lens. Fields of view are 13.6° x 10.2° (wide) and 0.7° x 0.52°. Gain control is automatic. Turret weight: 22.5 kg (electronics box 3.5 kg). Unique video enhancement features. Dimensions: 330 mm diameter x 483 mm high. Temperature limits: -20° to +50°C. Humidity limit: 95%. Vibration endurance: 2.5 grms, 5 to 2,000 Hz. Electrical interface: voltage is 28 VDC, power consumption is 110 W, video output is NTSC or PAL. Options: FOX 720, x36 continuous IR zoom lens , Narrow FOV 0.76° x 0.59° , extended maritime environment, low temperature, laser pointer LP, x1.5 extender for TV zoom lens, eye-safe laser rangefinder LRF, dual parallel output (TV, IR), GPS interface, 1553 and ARINC 429 interfaces. Truck detection: 25 km (day TV), 25 km (IR). Truck recognition: 10 km (day TV), 7.5 km (IR). High ratio performance to weight.

Electro-optical systems « SPECIFICATIONS FOX-250,450,720

FPD-1

Thermal imaging cameras with continuous zoom lens Main features: high quality IR picture for night & day use; unique IR continuous zoom lens; 3rd generation InSb FPA (320 x 256 or 640 x 512 pixels) standard; highly sensitive in the 3-5 micron spectral range; operating with proprietary continuous optical zoom lenses; auto-focus through zoom; analog (CCIR/RS170) or 14 bit digital output. Special software algorithms for image enhancement. Options: fixed CG through zoom, micro scanning for improved resolution, other FPA formats, volume and shape adaptations to meet customer requirements. Video from Fox family cameras video can be seen on a remote monitor. Operated by an external control panel or via RS422A communication channel. The Cameras can be supplied with an enclosure (FOX-ZE) or without an enclosure (FOX-Z). Sensor Type: MWIR InSb 3rd Gen FPA. Spectral Range: 3-5 microns. Number of pixels: 320x256. Lens Type: continuous zoom. WFOV / NFOV / Max magnification: 27º x 20.2º / 2.2º x 1.7º / X12.5 (250 Z), 27º x 20.2º / 1.2º x 0.9º / X22.5 (450 Z), 27º x 20.2º / 0.76º x 0.59º / X36 (720 Z). 2-axis scan: optional for 450Z/ZE and 720Z/ZE. Zoom change: remotely controlled. Focus: automatic adjustment through zoom. Focus adjustment: remotely controlled. Uniformity calibration: internal or external 1 or 2 points. Video format: CCIR or RS-170 or 14 BIT digital. Cooling: closed-cycle Stirling cooler. Cooldown time: 8 min (nominal). Communication: RS-422A. Polarity: black or white hot. Gain/level control: automatic or manual or local AGC™. Reports: zoom position, calibration and BIT status. Power requirements: 28VDC, 30 Watt (nominal). Weight: 2.5 kg (250 Z), 4.9 kg (450 Z, 720 Z), 5.5 kg (250 ZE), 10.5 kg (450 ZE, 720 ZE). Dimensions in mm, W x H x L: 95 x 110 x 240 (250 Z), 150 x 147 x 367 (250 ZE), 148 x 213 x 243 (450 Z, 720 Z), 184 x 243 x 292 (450 ZE, 720 ZE). Temperature: -20 ºC to +56 ºC (-40°C to +56°C optional). Vibrations: 2.5 g rms to 2000 Hz. Shock: 15 g 11 msec 1/2 sine.

Ruggedized high brightness flat panel colour TV display developed for rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft, but also suitable for marine and ground applications. Described as high performance yet extremely cost-effective. Applications: patrol aircraft, helicopter’s cockpits, patrol boats, armored vehicles. Main Features:10.4” flat panel active matrix (TFT) LCD colour display, 640x480 pixels resolution, very unique high brightness (1,000 cd/m2), ruggedized to Mil-STD-810. Voltage supply: 18 to 32 VDC. Video inputs: PAL, NTSC, (with option for Y/C and VGA). Options: 800 x 600 pixels resolution, serial communication links, other monitor sizes, video Input Y/C, VGA input. Image Dimensions: 21.1 (H)x15.8 (V) cm. Colors: 256K. Brightness: Very unique, high brightness 1000cd/m2. Time Response: 20 msec. Contrast Ratio: 1/150. Viewing Angle: ± 70° (H), +70° ÷ -40° (V). Window: Anti reflective EMI/RFI protected. Weight: 5.3 kg max. Dimensions: 300(W)x230(H)x100(D) mm max (main housing), 130(H)x35(W)x50(D) mm (control unit). Mechanical interface: rear mounting (bezel option), two optional mountings on main housing. Options: Also available 8.4” or 17” ruggedized flat panel display monitors.

Night Vision HandBook 2007


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SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems FPD-2

NOCTUA

Larger than the FPD-1, the FPD-2 is also a ruggedized high brightness flat panel colour TV display developed for rotaryand fixed-wing aircraft, but also suitable for marine and ground applications. Described as high performance yet extremely costeffective. Applications: patrol aircraft, helicopter’s cockpits, patrol boats, armored vehicles. Main Features: 8.4” flat panel LCD colour display, 800x600 pixels resolution, very unique high brightness (1400 cd/m2), ruggedized to MIL-STD-810. Voltage supply: 18 to 32 VDC. Video inputs: PAL, NTSC. Options: serial communication links, other monitor sizes, Y/C input, Super VGA input, high altitude (20,000 ft), customized mounting. Image Dimensions: 17 (H) x 12.8 (V) cm. Colours: 262K. Brightness: Very unique, high brightness 1400cd/m2. Time Response: 50 msec. Contrast Ratio: 1/250. Viewing Angle: ±60° (H), +60° ÷ -45° (V). Window: EMI/RFI protected. Weight: 3.7 kg. Dimensions: 220(W) x 165(H) x 148(D) mm (basic monitor), 275(W) x 165(H) x 148(D) mm (Including side flanges & control unit). Mechanical interface: side flanges. Options: Also available 8.4” or 17” ruggedized flat panel display monitors.

Infra-red night vision system designed to permit helicopters to fly nap-of-the-earth operations by day, by night and in poor visibility Field of view: 40° x 30°. Spectral range: 8-12 microns Sensor type: second generation 288 x 4 IRCCD thermal imager Size: 280 mm. Weight: 24.5 kg Mounting: nose or roof Control: slaved to helmet-mounted sight display via head tracking system or locked to longitudinal fuselage datum should the link fail Display: thermal image projected onto helmet-mounted sight display Angular slew rates: greater than 150°/sec Operational status: selected and in production for the Rooivalk.

MSSP-3 Three-sensor day/night observation system designed for maritime patrol applications from helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and boats. Stabilised platform: Four gimbals stabilise the line of sight to better than 25 microradians with a pointing accuracy of 3 milliradians. Field of regard: +35 to -110° in elevation, unlimited in azimuth. IR sensor: 3-5 micron indium antimonide (InSb), 320 x 256 element focal plane array with up to x22.5 continuous zoom lens. Fields of view are 27° x 20.6° (wide), 1.21° x 0.91° (narrow). Daylight channel: High-resolution black and white CCD camera with x15 zoom lens. Fields of view are 18° x 13° (wide) and 1.2° x 0.9°. Gain control is automatic or manual. Eye-safe laser rangefinder (optional): 1.54 micron laser accurate to +/- 5m out to 20 km capable of 10 pulses per minute in 1 pps bursts. Turret weight: 38 kg. Control unit weight: 4.5 kg. Joystick weight: 1.5 kg. Dimensions: 400 mm diameter x 570 mm high. Temperature limits: -20° to +50°C. Vibration endurance: 2.5 g RMS, 5 to 2,000 Hz. Electrical interface: voltage is 28 VDC, power consumption is 200 W, video output is CCIR or RS-170. Options: colour CCD, intensified CCD, laser rangefinder (eye-safe or non eye-safe), 35x continuous optical IR zoom lens for InSb thermal imager, GPS interface, 1553 databus interface, lower operating temperatures.

» DENEL (CUMULUS) LEO-II A1/A2/A3/A5 Gyro-stabilised platform containing a thermal imager and TV camera for police, paramilitary, SAR and civil/military applications Stabilised platform: Diameter 400 mm, 2-axis stabilisation to less than 12 microradians RMS Field of regard: n x 360° in azimuth, +20° to -100° in elevation Thermal imager: Agema 8-12 micron thermal imager with dual 20°/5° lens (or dual 12°/3° lens on LEO-II A2), 8 x zoom and pseudo colour isotherm alarms (A3 is fitted with 3-5 micron FPA FLIR, with 18° and 3° FOVs) TV Camera: 3-CCD broadcast colour TV camera with 32 x zoom (extended daytime operation to 0.002 lux on A3) Mass complete: 35 kg (basic system) Options: GPS interface, (search radar interface for A3) embedded video autotracker, microwave downlinks, aircraft mounting kits. A5 features a latest generation QWIP thermal imaging sensor, 3CCD 38x zoom TV, plus either a spot TV (0.35° FOV) or a laser range finder.

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» DRS TECHNOLOGIES INC GS207 MULTI-SENSOR 7” GIMBAL Low-cost, infrared surveillance system incorporating advanced uncooled camera technology with a high-performance Low Light Level CCD. The 7” gimbal is ideal for applications requiring a lightweight infrared capability and is available in both 2-axis stabilised and pan and tilt configurations. It is environmentally ruggedised, and features a continuous 360° azimuth field of regard. Designed for the challenging and dynamic combat environment, it supports head-steered applications requiring exceptionally high slew rates. Additionally, an eye-safe laser range finder or IR pointer can be incorporated into the gimbal for greater capability and functionality.

Electro-optical systems « SPECIFICATIONS » ELBIT SYSTEMS LTD COMPASS Family of compact multi-purpose advanced stabilised systems adaptable to fixed- and rotary wing aircraft, UAVs, ground vehicles, naval platforms and fixed ground installations. Three/ four sensor system delivers high quality day and night imagery in a wide range of weather conditions, says Elbit. It offers ‘superior’ stabilisation performance, ‘highly accurate’ LoS positioning capability, and ‘precise’ LoS angular and range data for fire control applications. System includes an automatic video tracker. Interfaces with radar, GPS, weapon systems, mission computers, remote controllers etc. Designed to keep pace with evolving demands, CoMPASS IV is the latest member of the family. Features: substantial weight reduction; state-of-the-art diode pumped laser designator; selection of new generation, large aperture FLIRs; advanced video and image processing features. Modular design allows the user to select optimal configuration, swap sensors in the same turret.

» FLIR SYSTEMS INC BRITE Star

Medium performance infrared surveillance system. It incorporates the latest advances in thermal sensitivity, electro optics and camera technology inside a compact, ruggedised housing. The system provides remarkable gyroscopically stabilised images, in either long- or mid-wave infrared spectra, and standout Low Light Level or colour TV camera capability. At 35lbs, the GS410 is perfect for applications requiring lightweight, responsive and cost-effective imaging.

Cost-effective, military-qualified, multi-sensor laser designation system incorporating a third-generation thermal imager, TV camera and a laser designator/rangefinder. Incorporates in-flight bore sighting capability. Fully compatible with all previous mounts for the SAFIRE family of COTS products. TI: InSb FPA 3-5 µm response with quadrature microscan. Pixel density: 320 x 240. Sensor resolution: 640 x 480; FoV: 0.8° x 0.6°; 3.3° x 2.5°; 25.5° x 19.1°. Laser designator/rangefinder: Nd YAG, 1.06 µm, class 4/1.57 µm, class 1 (eye-safe). TV: B&W, FoV: 0.8° x 0.6°, 3.3° x 2.5°, 25.5° x 19.1°. Resolution: 768 x 494. Additional capabilities: invertible turret, autotracker, target accumulator, laser spot tracker, MIL-STD-1553B interface, RS-232/422 interface, ARINC interface, digital video output, and NVG compatibility.

GS414 MULTI-SENSOR GIMBAL

Mk II

Gives operators unparalleled flexibility to conduct day/night operations in severely degraded visual conditions caused by smoke, fog, dust or other obscurants. The GS414 provides sustained long range surveillance, situational awareness, exceptional target tracking, and laser designation in an advanced stabilised platform.

Gyrostabilised, infrared and visible light imaging system certified for many widely used helicopters and easily installed on fixed-wing aircraft and UAVs TI: Four-element detector TDI: HgCDTe 8-12 µm; Magnification: 1.5x, 3.0x(EO zoom), 6.0x, 12x(EO zoom). FoV: 18.6° (H) x 14° (V), 9.3° (H) x 7° (V), 4.7° (H) x 3.5° (V), 2.3° (H) x 1.75° (V); FoV (CCIR): 18.6° (H) x 16° (V), 9.3° (H) x 8° (V), 4.7° (H) x 4° (V), 2.33° (H) x 2° (V); IFOV: 1.2 mR, 1.2 mR, 0.3 mR, 0.3 mR TV: Magnification: 1.2x-7x continuous zoom. FoV: 23.5° (H) x 17.8° (V) continuous to 4° (H) x 3° (V). Daylight imager; Pixel arrangement: 811 H x 508 V (NTSC), 795 (H) x 596 (V) (PAL). Resolution: four RS-170 or CCIR, 445 active IR/TV. CCD sensitivity: 5.0 lux @ f/1.2. Magnification: 1.1x-7x continuous zoom Weight: 11 lbs (5.0 kg).

GS410 MULTI-SENSOR GIMBAL

MMS Multi-sensor integrated mission equipment package with IR, TV and laser rangefinder in service on Bell/US Army OH-58D Kiowa Warrior. Provides day and night, adverse weather, long range reconnaissance, surveillance, intelligence gathering, and threat and target damage assessment Infra-red sensor: 120-element common module digital scan converter with freeze frame and electronic zoom. Narrow FoV 2.8°, wide FoV 10° TV camera: silicon vidicon with 2° narrow FoV and 8° wide FoV Laser rangefinder/designator: Provides ranging or UTM coordinates and tri-service compatible designation for Hellfire, Copperhead, and laser guided bombs. Self-contained boresighting device aligns sensors within 30 seconds Multimode autotracker: enables both manual and automatic target tracking of TV or FLIR 875 line images with correlation and centroid calculations Stabilisation: whole system line of sight stabilised to less than 20 microradians over +/-190° in azimuth and +/-30° in elevation.

MicroSTAR II Fully remote controlled; multi-imaging sensor combines a 3rd Gen IR imager with zoom lens, a CCTV camera with 18x zoom and a Mil-qualified eye-safe laser rangefinder for UAVs. Its low profile, fully sealed, 9-inch gimbal is lightweight, compact and designed to minimize drag. Gives operators push-button access to three distinct modes of target tracking: centroid – used to track moving targets; scenelock – for tracking larger stationary scenes; and correlation – which tracks small, slow-moving targets.

STAR-Q Four-axis gyrostabilised multi-sensor platform fully ruggedised to military standards (MIL STD 810E). Features CCD TV and a three field-of-view thermal imaging sensor. Offers ‘excellent’ thermal sensitivity and an optical magnification ratio of 25:1. Gimbal features open modular architecture for extra payloads. TI: Gen III LW QWIP FPA; three FoV optical system w/auto focus. Spectral band: 8-9 µm. Detector: GaAs 320 (H) x 240 (V) or 640 (W) x 480 (H), FoV (320 x 240): 25° (H) x 18.75° (V), 6° (H) x 4.5° (V), 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V). Integral Stirling cooler. Electronic zoom: x4 w/digital interpolation. TV: Colour, zoom, 1/3 inch 3CCD. Resolution: 800 TV lines (PAL) FoV: 0.67° to 35° HFOV zoom. Focal length: 9.5 to 256.5 mm @F3, 5-512 mm @F7.0. Zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable extender), PAL (NTSC optional). Weight: 42 + kg Optional features: wide spectrum spotter TV, laser rangefinder LP15.

Star SAFIRE HD Industry’s first all-digital, High Definition gyro-stabilised imaging system. Military qualified for high reliability and features 6-axis stabilisation with high magnification optics for maximum range performance. Advanced image processor core provides superior image quality with AGC, autofocus, filtering, edge enhancement and optional real time Image Blending TI: InSb FPA 3-5 µm; image resolution: 1280x1024; Field of View range; 0.25º to 30º; Day HD TV: color; Field of View range: 0.14º to 17º; Night / Low Light HD TV: Field of View range: 0.25º to 30º (optics matched to TI); Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg (includes all options) Max speed: 405 kts.

Star SAFIRE II Military-qualified COTS multi-sensor gyrostabilised airborne platform featuring up to five payload options. Offers 5-axis stabilisation, automated operation and aircraft integration features. TI: 320 x 240 InSb Focal Plane Array 3 – 5 µm response. Resolution – 640 x 480 (microscanned). FoV: 0.8° x 0.6° V, 3.4° x 2.6° V, 25.2° x 18.8° V. Optional wide field of view: 33.3° x 25°. Stirling linear cooler. TV: Colour CCD with autofocus, NTSC/PAL, 18x plus 4x electronic zoom. Sensitivity 0.2 lux, FOV 24° – 2.1° Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg (includes all options). Max speed: 405 kts Optional features: Autotracker, radar and navigation interfaces; quick disconnect mounts; Nightsun interface; laser illuminators for target identification; a spotter scope and a laser rangefinder; flat panel displays, moving map-based mission-management system.

Star SAFIRE III A military-qualified COTS multi-sensor gyrostabilised airborne platform featuring up to six payload options. Offers image fusion, 5-axis stabilisation, automated operation and aircraft integration features IT: 3 – 5 µm, 640 x 480 ins focal plane array with autofocus. FoV: 0.6° x 0.4°, 1.2° x 0.8° V, 5.0° x 3.4° V, and 25.2° x 18.8° V. Optional wide FoV: 33.3° x 25°. Stirling linear cooler. TV: Colour CCD-TV with autofocus, NTSC/PAL, 18x plus 4x electronic zoom. Sensitivity 0.2 lux, FOV 24° – 2.1° Weight: 98lbs/44.5 kg (includes all options). Max speed: 405 Kt Optional features: Autotracker, radar and navigation interfaces, quick disconnect mounts, Nightsun interface, an image intensified camera, a laser rangefinder, a laser illuminator or pointer, a-high magnification spotter scope, flat panel displays, moving map-based missionmanagement system.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems

Electro-optical systems « SPECIFICATIONS

Ultra FORCE II

Ultra 8000

GALIFLIR PACIS

High performance multi-sensor airborne law enforcement system. The IR imager features autofocus, auto image optimisation and 3FoV, high magnification lens. Optional dual CCD spotter scope provides extreme long range capability and colour imaging in daylight/low light and monochrome at night. TI: Gen III LW GaAs QWIP 320 (H) x 240 (V) focal plane array with three FoV optical system and auto focus. Spectral band: 8-9 µm. FoV: 25° (H) x 18.75° (V), 6° (H) x 4.5° (V), 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V). Electronic zoom: x4 with digital interpolation. Integrated Stirling cooler TV: 1/3 inch 3-CCD sensor, 800 TV lines (PAL). Active pixels: 752 (H) x 582 (V). FoV: 0.67° to 36°. Zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable extender), PAL or NTSC Weight: 39.5 kg Optional features: Dual sensor Spotter scope, eye-safe laser rangefinder, a laser pointer. Digital autotracker, real-time video and audio downlink, searchlight slaving.

Features a compact 9” (230mm) stabilised turret with two boresighted sensors. Optimized for light and medium fixed and rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law enforcement pursuit and patrol missions TI: 256 x 256 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR Continuous zoom Telescope with 10X magnification – FOV range: 22° x 16.5° (WFOV) to 3.4° x 2.0° (NFOV) - PAL or NTSC Video Output. IFOV: 0.12 milliradians (NFOV) TV: H x 494 V (NTSC); 752 H x 582 V (PAL), 460 (PAL), 470 (NTSC) television lines. Telescope: 18:1 continuous zoom, 4x electronic zoom. FOV range: 48° x 32° (WFOV) to 3.4° x 2.0° (0.67° x 0.55° using E-Zoom) (NFOV) Weight: 26 lbs, 11.8 kg

Small, stabilised thermal imager for close range operations. This unit utilizes a 50:1 zoom lens with a 2/3-inch HDTV CCD Missions: piloting aid during low speed night flying, covert camera. In addition to the optical zoom, the system will have surveillance, perimeter and border patrol, general close digital zoom capability up to 826mm and electronic surveillance (power lines, pipelines, drug enforcement, etc). stabilization. During navigation and surveillance the pilot refers to the TV GYROCAM DNV – DAY/NIGHT VISION monitor, on which the images are displayed, for a panoramic A high altitude surveillance unit primarily used by surveillance view of the situation forward. The electronic unit for power clients such as federal law enforcement agencies. The unit In for excess 130,000 uniqueinpage visits each month supply>and signal of processing is installed the cockpit, combines long lens, high-resolution colour and NextGen gated together with the control panel. Option: control by HMD > The latest updates and procurement requests NightVision in a single 15-inch gimbal. available on request. Field of view: 40° x 26.7°. Nominal > Event coverage and show reports resolution: 1.5 mrad. Detector: 8 element CMT SPRITE. Cooling GYROCAM HD/IR – HIGH DEFINITION INFRARED system: split stirling. Display: CCFIR 625/50 Standard. Infrared > Industry directories A multi-mission surveillance system that allows law enforcement lines: 512° Frame rate: 25Hz . Contractor: Alenia Difesa Avionic personnel to use high resolution HD imaging along with high > Daily and monthly email alerts System and Equipment Division - Officine Galileo, Florence. resolution long lens, continuous zoom thermal imaging capabilities.

Ultra FORCE II PLUS High performance multi-sensor airborne law enforcement system with a high-resolution GEN III LW thermal imager (QWIP), a 3-CCD broadcast quality high magnification TV camera and a dual camera high magnification spotter scope TI: Gen III LW QWIP FPA; three FOV optical system w/auto focus, detector: GaAs 320 (H) x 240 (V); spectral band: 8-9 µm. Fields of view: Wide: 25° (H) x 18.75° (V), Medium: 6° (H) x 4.5° (V), Narrow: 0.98° (H) x 0.74° (V), electronic zoom: x4 with digital interpolation, PAL or NTSC. Cooling: Integrated long-life Stirling cooler TV: 1/3 inch 3-CCD sensor, 800 TV lines (PAL). Active pixels: 752 (H) x 582 (V) FoV: 0.67° to 36° HFOV zoom; zoom ratio: 54x (27x with 2x switchable extender), PAL or NTSC Multi-Spectral TV Spotter Scopes: Integrated dual chip sensor; 0.35° HFOV, 0.26° VFOV, Colour 1/3” CCD – visible spectrum; Monochrome 1/3” CCD – Near-IR capability Optional: Eye-safe laser rangefinder, laser pointer, digital autotracker, real-time video/audio downlink, searchlight slaving capability.

Ultra 7500 A compact 9” (230 mm) military-qualified, stabilised turret with up to three boresighted sensors. Optimised for light and medium fixed and rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law enforcement, search and rescue, and general surveillance missions. The system provides real-time automatic image optimisation, an imbedded multi-mode autotracker, and an intuitive, icon-based colour graphical overlay. Weight: 29 lb. TI: 320 x 240 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR Continuous zoom Telescope with 10x magnification – Field of View range: 22° x 16.5° (WFOV) to 2.2° x 1.65° (NFOV) - PAL or NTSC Video Output. IFOV: 0.12 milliradians (NFOV). TV: 752 H x 582 V (PAL) 768 x 494 (NTSC) Continuous zoom Telescope with 18x magnification and integral 4x electronic zoom – Maximum magnification: 72x. Field of View range: 48° x 32° (WFOV) to 2.7° x 2.2° (0.67° x 0.55° using EZoom) (NFOV) Low Light Mode: Operational down to 0.2 Lux. Resolution: 460 TV Lines (PAL), 470 TV Lines (NTSC) Laser Pointer: visible with Image Intensified Night Vision Goggles Other Available Features: RS 422/232, ARINC interface, RS-232 serial GPS interface, Search Light Slave (SLASS) interface, PIP monitor, Terse Binary Protocol (TBP) for Remote and UAV control functions, compact electronics control box for UAV applications.

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Ultra 8500 Compact 9” (230 mm) military-qualified, stabilised turret with triple-payload capability, optimised for light to medium fixed and rotary wing aircraft operation and designed for law enforcement, search and rescue, and surveillance missions.The system provides real-time automatic image optimisation, an embedded multi-mode autotracker, and an intuitive, icon-based colour graphical overlay TI: 320 x 240 InSb FPA 3-5 µm. IR continuous zoom telescope with 10X magnification – FoV range: 22° x 16.5° to 2.2° x 1.65°. PAL or NTSC video output. IFOV: 0.12 milliradians TV: 752 H x 582 V (PAL) 768 x 494 (NTSC). Continuous zoom telescope with 18X magnification and integral 4x electronic zoom – Maximum magnification: 72X. FoV range: 48° x 32° to 2.7° x 2.2° (0.67° x 0.55° using E-Zoom). Low light mode operational down to 0.2 lux. Resolution: 460 TV Lines (PAL), 470 TV Lines (NTSC) Weight: 29 lb Laser Pointer: visible with NVG Optional Features: RS 422/232, ARINC interface, RS-232 serial GPS interface, search light slave interface, PIP monitor, Terse Binary Protocol (TBP) for remote and UAV control functions, compact electronics control box for UAV applications.

GYROCAM HD - HIGH DEFINITION

What’s the view like from your seat?

» GYROCAM SYSTEMS, INC

» IAI TAMAM DIVISION

GYROCAM TS - TRIPLE SENSOR This system is primarily used by local law enforcement and military applications. It is the only true 15-inch gimbal that combines NightVision, infrared and high-resolution colour cameras in a single gimbal by utilizing our patent-pending beam-splitting optics.

GYROCAM IR - DUAL SENSOR The dual sensor system combines high resolution colour and high resolution infrared in a 15-inch gimbal. This system is almost identical to Gyrocam TS with the exception that it does not have NightVision or laser-illuminator capabilities, thereby making this system more affordable.

LONG RANGE OBSERVATION SYSTEM (LOROS) Long Range Observation System for surveillance and intelligence missions. Sensors include 3rd generation 3-5 µm thermal imager, colour CCD with zoom lens, B/W CCD with spotter lens, intensified CCD (ICCD) camera, laser range finder (LRF). Features: Automatic target tracker, enhanced image processing, long range downlink of video and data. Weight: 85 kg (187 lb) Power consumption: <700 Watts.

Ultra 8500 XR A lightweight airborne law enforcement thermal imaging system with 450mm of IR zoom. The triple-payload capability is optimized for light to medium fixed and rotary wing aircraft operation and is designed for law enforcement, search and rescue, and surveillance missions. The system provides real-time automatic image optimization, an imbedded multi-mode autotracker, and an intuitive, icon-based colour graphical overlay.

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» GALILEO AVIONICA GALIFLIR ASTRO Thermal imaging system in stabilised platform. Missions: ground surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting/ anti-ship surveillance and targeting; anti-submarine warfare; aiming machine guns and rockets; search and rescue; maritime patrol and coast guard; border control and patrol; law enforcement; pollution control and civilian protection. Can be used as a pilotage aid, mainly for taking-off and landing in darkness. Can be interfaced with the Helicopter Avionics System and, in the maritime patrol version, can be designated by the on-board radar. Telescope features: wide FOV: 16° x 10.8°, 2.5x magnification, - IFOV (instantaneous FOV) 0.6 mRad, minimum focusing range 20 m, narrow FOV: 4° x 2.7°, X10 magnification IFOV 0.15 mRad, minimum focusing range 50 m. Detector: 8 element HgCdTe (CMT), 8-12 micron SPRITE array, working temperature 80°K. Imaging characteristics: 512 lines, min discernible temperature difference is <0.2°C, output signal is video standard CCIR Ivpp, amplitude 75 lines. Contractor: Alenia Difesa Avionic systems and Equipment Division - Officine Galileo, Florence.

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SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems MICRO PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (MICROPOP)

PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (POP)

MicroPOP is a 4” (10cm), 2.2 lbs (1 Kg) EO payload for small UAVs and UGVs. The MicroPOP is one line replaceable unit (LRU) carrying a sensor slice that can be switched in minutes. Sensor slice contains either a “day” continuous zoom colour camera or a “night” uncooled thermal imaging camera. Thermal Imager: Uncooled 8-12 µm, 320 x 240 pixels of 7° (option for 2 Fields of Views). Day colour Camera: Continuous zoom x 10 (4° to 46°).

A small EO/IR/L payload for various platforms such as UAVs, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, boats and for ground applications. POP carries sensors in rapidly interchangeable slices mounted on a gyro-stabilised turret Turret dimensions: diameter 260 mm (10”), height 380 mm (15”) Weight: 16-18 kg (35 – 40 lb) depending on sensor type Sensor slices: Focal Plane Array (FPA) IR and colour CCD TV; FPA IR, CCD TV and Laser Pointer (LP); FPA IR, CCD TV, LP and Laser Range Finder (LRF); FPA IR, long range CCD TV and LP IR sensors: POP can be equipped with various InSb 3-5 micron FPA detectors (320x240 or 640x480 pixels) and optics (3 discrete FOVs or continuous zoom) TV cameras: have zoom lenses and operate in visible band and Near IR Video output: PAL or NTSC MTBF is 2,000 hours Power: 28 VDC to Mil Std 704D, 120 watts consumption Interface: RS-422 Accessories: monitor, VCR, data link, hand control unit, interface with weapon systems, GPS, Radar, etc.

MINIATURE PLUG-IN OPTRONIC PAYLOAD (MINIPOP) A dual axis, gyro-stabilized, 8” (21cm), 15-19 lbs (6-9 Kg) payload for a variety of airborne and ground, manned and unmanned applications. The system is built on a one line replaceable unit (LRU) open architecture and carries up to four sensors. The “slices” have a continuous zoom colour day camera, a thermal imaging camera, a laser pointer and an eye-safe laser range finder. An automatic television tracker can also be installed. Field of regard: Elevation: +40° to -110°, Azimuth: n X 360°. Thermal Imager: Cooled InSb 3-5 µm, continuous Zoom 2° to 22°. Day colour Camera: CCD type, 1/6” with Near IR (NIR) capability, optical zoom X22.5 with additional x2 electronic zoom, Fields of View 2°- 45°. Laser Pointer: Wavelength 0.830µm.

MULTI-MISSION OPTRONIC STABILISED PAYLOAD (MOSP) An optimised family of four-gimbal stabilised EO payloads for various platforms such as UAVs, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, vessels and ground applications. MOSP provides real time video, accurate GEO-Location and GEO-pointing in addition to targeting capability and can be equipped with up to five sensors configuration for day and night observation and targeting. Full coverage of the lower hemisphere, including the nadir point. Automatic day and night target tracking, applying centroid or edge tracking techniques TV channel: two options: (a) fully continuous zoom (b) Wide to Medium field of view (FOV) continuous zoom and a Spotter for Narrow FOV FLIR channel: 3-5 micron staring or 8-12 micron scanning sensors with discrete or continuous zoom optics Eye-Safe Laser Range Finder (LRF) or Laser Designator and Range Finder (LDRF). Laser Pointer for target illumination Diameter: 354 mm (14”) or 375 mm (15”) (application dependent) Height :548 or 500 mm (22’’ or 20’’) Weight: 30 to 35 kg (66 to 77 lb) (varies with sensors carried) Field of regard: +35° to -110° elevation, n x 360° (unlimited) azimuth.

NIGHT TARGETTING SYSTEM (NTS)/NTSADVANCED (NTSA) Upgrade of Cobra family’s TOW sight. Includes thermal imager, TV camera and laser rangefinder/designator. Can designate for Hellfire and other laser-guided weapons. NTS-A deletes optical relay tube Turret specifications: Field of regard is 90° left and 95° right in azimuth, +30 to -60° in elevation. Slewing rates 2°/ sec to 90°/sec, angular acceleration 60°/sec2 Thermal imager: 240 x 4 pixel, mercury cadmium telluride, 8-12 micron, scanned detector with time delay integration. Option for 3rd generation 35 µm FLIR. TV autotracker: min target dimensions 3x3 pixels, min target contrast 2%, max relative velocity 1 FOV/sec Operating modes: prediction, adjust, offset TV camera: 780 x 576 pixel frame transfer CCD sensor with 3 fields of view. Option to add a colour continuous zoom TV camera Weight: 129 kg (285 lb) excluding installation kit. NTS built in the US by Kollsman.

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» L-3 WESCAM 12DS/TS200 Providing high-performance detection, recognition, identification and tracking of targets over long distances in daylight, in total darkness, and in less-than-ideal weather conditions through superior gyro-stabilisation and long-range infrared optics. This dual sensor system includes a 3-5 µm 3 field-of-view thermal imager, with Indium Antimonide staring array, and a colour daylight CCD camera with 20x zoom lens. The 12DS is also available in a Tri-sensor variant with the addition of a laser illuminator.

MX-15 Multi-Sensor US military approved AN/AAQ-35 designation. Large format 3rd generation midwave FLIR with 4 FOV, 4 axis stabilisation and 6 axis isolation, 3 CCD colour TV with 20x lens, daylight camera with dual channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night spotter with dual channel spotter lens with a 1,000 mm fixed focal length, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator, image processor to penetrate haze, fog, smoke and humidity.

MX-15D With laser target designation capability, an enhanced variant of the proven MX-15. Supports 1 to 6 high-performance sensors: Colour daylight camera with zoom lens, mono daylight camera with spotter lens, IR with high magnification 4-step zoom, laser designator with LRF, laser illuminator, Eyesafe laser rangefinder.

MX-15i – Integrated MCU This variant supports 1 to 6 high performance sensors. Large format 3rd generation FLIR with 4 FOV, 4 axis stabilisation and 6 axis isolation, 3 CCD colour TV with 20x lens, daylight camera with dual channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night spotter with dual channel spotter lens with a 1000 mm fixed focal length, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator. Integrated MCU feature provides an installed weight saving of 25%.

MX-20 US military approved with an AN/ASX-4 designation, the MX-20 is often selected where observations must be as covert as possible. Large format 3rd generation FLIR with 4 FOV, 3 CCD colour TV with 19x lens, daylight camera with dual channel spotter lens and a charged multiplied night spotter with dual channel spotter lens with a 4 FOV 600-3200mm, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser illuminator. A premier range performance solution offering >75x magnification in the IR sensor and >400x magnification in the EO sensor, it achieves unsurpassed standoff ranges in both sensor types and includes state-of-the-art system features.

SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems » LOCKHEED MARTIN MISSILES AND FIRE CONTROL ARROWHEAD Modernised Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor (M-TADS/M-PNVS) - an all-weather advanced electro-optical fire control and pilotage system in production for the Apache. Lower turret contains the targeting system with day and night sensors. The targeting FLIR, uses Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) I technology developed for Comanche. The FLIR has three fields-of-view, a multi-target tracker, multiple-code laser spot tracking, and auto-boresight. There’s also a charge-coupled device (CCD) daylight TV camera. Direct-view optics are replaced by the flat-panel TADS electronic display and control (TEDAC) unit that improves resolution, situational awareness, and survivable space in the crew station. Arrowhead’s pilotage FLIR has a SADA I integrated detector cooler assembly and four electronics modules that are common to the targeting FLIR. These modules process FLIR data for the pilot’s helmet-mounted display and the TEDAC in the cockpit. Advanced processing algorithms are designed to offer the best resolution possible to avoid such obstacles as wires and trees.

GUNSHIP MULTISPECTRAL SENSOR SYSTEM (GMS2) The electro-optical/infrared fire control system in production for the US Air Force Special Operations Command AC-130U Gunship. This mature, high performance multisensor system is an adaptation of the AH-1Z Target Sight System now in test and evaluation with the US Marine Corps. The GMS2 consists of a large-aperture, mid-wave infrared sensor, two imageintensified television cameras, a near-infrared laser pointer, and a laser designator/rangefinder (with eyesafe mode). These components are integrated into a highly stabilised turret to ensure outstanding image quality and high accuracy line-of-sight pointing for target geo-location and gun fire control.

PATHFINDER Based on the Modernized Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor (M-TADS/PNVS) system on the AH-64D Apache, Pathfinder is described as a state-of-the-art pilotage and navigation system designed to provide cargo and utility helicopter pilots significantly increased situational awareness and reduced workload. Pathfinder provides highly improved imagery on the pilot’s helmet-mounted display for safe terrain flight at night and in degraded visual flight environments. Pathfinder is a long-wave, high-definition FLIR with 52-degree, wide field-of-view optics. The FLIR technology is based on a SADA I integrated detector cooler assembly and electronics modules that are common to the targeting FLIR. These modules convert detector outputs into a video signal that is displayed in the cockpit and on the helmet-mounted display, providing a day-like TV image in day or night conditions. The Pathfinder system also provides installation provisions for an auxiliary pilotage sensor that augments pilotage in adverse thermal environments and urban scenarios. Pathfinder’s high definition 1728 by 960 resolution display allows pilots to fly at safer altitudes and airspeeds while providing necessary information to complete complex missions. Pathfinder is also provisioned for image blending. Its advanced processing algorithms give pilots the best resolution possible to avoid obstacles such as wires and trees, during terrain flight. The Pathfinder turret is easily mounted on the helicopter’s chin

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using a kit consisting of four line replaceable units. Specifications: High definition long-wave infrared imagery at 60 Hz. Compatible with 52 deg x 30 deg and 40 deg x 30 deg helmet-mounted displays. Low head-track latency for improved pilotage; chin-mounted installation; self-cooled; digital/analog video outputs; electronics Unit weight: 21.6 lb; turret weight w/adapter: <110 lb; turret: Height = 16.4 in; diameter = 18.5 in.

TADS/PNVS The deployed Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor enables AH-64 Apache helicopter pilots to fly at very low altitudes in total darkness and in adverse weather, see ground targets, and destroy them at standoff ranges. Housed in a rotating turret mounted on the nose of the helicopter, TADS can be directed manually or controlled by head movements of a crewmember. The turret contains an infrared sensor for target detection during night flights. The direct-view optics, consisting of a high-powered telescope and TV camera, laser spot tracker and laser designator/rangefinder, pinpoint targets for laserguided weapons such as the Hellfire missile PNVS turret: field of regard is +/- 90° in azimuth and +20°/-45° in elevation PNVS thermal imager: single 30° x 40° field of view TADS turret: +/-120° in azimuth, +30°/-45° in elevation TADS thermal imager: 1.0x, 5.7x, 18x and 36x magnification settings, electronic zoom TADS direct view optics: 3.5x and 17.8x magnification TADS day TV: 14x, 63x and 126x magnification, electronic zoom Laser transceiver unit: contains NdYAG rangefinder/designator and a spot tracker.

TARGET SIGHT SYSTEM TSS is a third-generation multi-sensor EO/IR fire control system developed for the Cobra AH-1Z attack helicopter. The company is beginning production for the US Marine Corps. It consists of a large-aperture mid-wave FLIR, colour TV, laser designator/ rangefinder (with eyesafe mode), laser spot tracker, and ongimbal inertial measurement unit integrated into a highly stabilised turret. TSS identifies and laser designates targets at maximum Hellfire missile ranges, significantly enhancing mission performance, platform survivability, and lethality.

TEDAC The TADS Electronic Display and Control Assembly (TEDAC) is the modernised replacement for the Optical Relay Tube located in the co-pilot/gunner crew station of the AH-64 Apache Helicopter. The TEDAC presents the co-pilot/gunner with highresolution video from the Arrowhead Modernised Target Acquisition and Designation Sight (M-TADS). TEDAC replaces a small display and direct view optics with a large 5 in. x 5 in. flatpanel cockpit display that utilises active matrix liquid crystal display technology. This higher resolution display improves ability to engage targets while providing greater situational awareness and more survivable space in the cockpit.

Electro-optical systems « SPECIFICATIONS » RAYTHEON ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 240 FLIR The 240 FLIR uses advanced second-generation sensor technology to deliver significantly improved imagery in daylight or darkness, smoke, haze, or adverse weather. The system features a three fields-of-view telescope that enables target identification at extended ranges and allows a zoom-in view of areas of interest.

AN/AAQ-16B/C Operationally proven thermal imaging system in light, low profile stabilised turret. Basic system weighs 100 lb. Quick to swap between aircraft types. Reliability proven over 300,000 hours Thermal imager: 8-12 micron parallel scanning detector to penetrate smoke, dust and haze. Features a dual FoV telescope; 30 x 40° and 5 x 6.67° (6 x mag). Third FoV of 1.9° x 2.5° (16 x mag), a retrofit option, doubles stand-off range of 6x lens. Offers superior horizon definition for pilotage. Integrated Detector Electronics Assembly (IDEA) has improved resistance to EMI, on-demand cryogenic cooler for higher reliability Options: Correlation autotracker with dual-mode feature Video output: 875 or 625 line rates available Interfaces: 1553A/B databus compatible, stand-alone optional Maintainability: BIT and fault isolation included. Established integrated logistic support available.

AN/AAQ-27A In production for USMC MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotors, the AAQ-27 is a Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) system that has much in common with the AAQ-16B Infrared camera: 3-5 micron, indium antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array detector with two fields of view; 30° x 40° and 5° x 6.7° System weight: less than 90 lb, turret weight 50 lb Turret dimensions: 14.19 in high x 11.95 in diameter Options: electronic zoom, dual mode tracker.

AN/AAQ-29A In production for USMC CH-53E and USAF HH-60G, the AAQ29A is similar to the AN/AAQ-27A, except it incorporates an additional (third) field of view (1.3° x 1.73°). It is a Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) system Infrared camera: 3-5 micron, indium antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array detector with two fields of view; 30° x 40° and 5° x 6.7° System weight: less than 90 lb, turret weight 50 lb Turret dimensions: 14.19 in high x 11.95 in diameter Options: Electronic zoom, dual mode tracker.

AN/AAS-44(V) High-performance multi-purpose thermal imaging sensor, which provides long-range surveillance, target acquisition, tracking, rangefinding, and laser designation for HELLFIRE and all triservice/NATO laser-guided munitions. Features: Six-axis highperformance stabilisation, Real-time image processing/contrast enhancement, Adaptable interface, dual-mode video tracker, 1553 data bus and/or discrete controls, laser rangefinder/ designator, programmable symbology generators, embedded maintenance features. Automatic video tracker dual mode (centroid/area) Optical fields of view: wide 22.5° x 30.0°, medium 5.0° x 6.67°, narrow 1.26° x 1.68° Electronic fields of view: 2:1 (0.63° x 0.84°) 4:1 (0.32° x 0.42°) Gimbal angular coverage: azimuth: 360° continuous, elevation: 60° up, 105° down. Slew rate: 3 radians/second Maximum airspeed: greater than 300 knots Interface: 1553B data bus and/or discrete control Video outputs: RS-170 (525 line), digital. Other formats available Power: 0.9 kVA, 115 VAC, 3 phase, 400 Hz, 200W 28 VDC.

AN/AAS-52 Multi-Spectral EO/IR Turreted System which provides long-range surveillance, target acquisition, tracking, range finding, and laser designation for HELLFIRE and all tri-service/NATO laserguided munitions. AAS-52 is in production for the USAF Predator UAV and has been selected by the US Army for the Extended Range Multi-Purpose AUV Features: Six-axis highperformance stabilisation, Real-time image processing/contrast enhancement, adaptable interface, dual-mode video tracker, 1553 data bus and/or discrete controls, laser rangefinder/ designator, programmable symbology generators, embedded maintenance features, automatic video tracker dual mode (centroid/area) Optical fields of view: wide 33° x 44°, medium/ wide 15° x 20°, medium 5.7° x 7.6°, narrow 1.2° x 1.6° ultranarrow 0.6° x 0.8° Gimbal angular coverage: azimuth: 360° continuous, elevation: 60° up, 105° down Slew rate: 3 radians/ second Maximum airspeed: greater than 300 knots Interface: 1553B data bus and/or discrete control Video outputs: RS-170 (525 line), digital. Other formats available Power: 0.9 kVA, 115 VAC, 3 phase, 400 Hz, 200W 28 VDC.

AN/ZSQ-2 High performance, multi-sensor EO/IR turreted system. It contains three imaging sensors: an infrared camera with 3-5 micron, indium antimonide (InSb), 480 x 640 pixel, staring-array detector: an Image Intensified TV; and a Day Color TV. The sensors are coaxially mounted on a four field-of-view telescope. The “Assault” version of the ZSQ-2 has a laser pointer and an eyesafe laser rangefinder. The “Attack” variant has a laser pointer, Laser Spot Tracker and Laser Designator/Rangefinder. The ZSQ-2 is in production for the US Army Special Operations AH-6 Little Birds, MH-60 Blackhawks and CH-47 Chinooks.

ASQ-228 ATFLIR - ADVANCED TARGETING FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED Described as the most advanced targeting pod available for the F/A-18 family, battle tested in Operations Southern Watch, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom and deployed with US fleet squadrons worldwide, ATFLIR provides pinpoint accuracy and real-time target assessment from long standoff ranges, says Raytheon Tactical capabilities: precision targeting; long-range (>40 nautical miles); high-altitude (>50,000 feet) laser designation; first-pass kill and J-series weapon delivery; eyesafe and tactical laser ranging; air and ground target tracking; realtime battle damage assessment/indication Current features: common optical path; continuous auto-boresight alignment; visible (EO) camera; built-in navigation FLIR (optional) 360° roll drive unit Focal plane 640 – 480 InSb Spectral band 3.7–5.0 mm Field of view 0.7°, 2.8°, 6.0° Reliability >300-hr MTBF Supportability - optional 2-level maintenance Testability detection: 95%, isolation: 98% Weight 420 lb (191 kg) Length 72 in (183 cm) Diameter 13 in (33 cm) Planned enhancements: laser marker, electronics consolidation, sensor fusion, automatic target recognition, improved EO camera and laser spot tracker, increased detection range.

TERMINATOR With two-thirds fewer parts than first-generation systems, this third-generation infrared targeting system offers four times the performance and three times the reliability at half the cost. Its design enables inexpensive two-level maintenance while providing multifunction targeting pod capabilities Focal plane: 640 x 480 inSb Spectral band: 3.7-5 µm FOV: 0.83°, 5° Recognition range: 10 nm Reliability: >300-hr MTBF Testability: detection 95%, isolation 98%.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems TI FLIR - 49 A low-weight, multiple-purpose, thermal imaging sensor for navigation, surveillance, maritime, search-and-rescue, and troop-transport missions. Features: Second-generation focalplane array, electronic image stabilisation, local-area processing, adaptable interface, dual mode video tracker, 1553 data bus or discrete controls Fields of view: wide: 22.5 x 30°, middle: 5 x 6.67°, arrow: 1.3 x 1.7° Electronic zoom: 2.1 and 4.1 Gimbal angular coverage: azimuth: 360° continuous, Elevation: 40° up; 105° down, Gimbal slew rate: 3 radians/second Gimbal acceleration: head steering compatible @ fixed-wing air speeds Maximum airspeed: greater than 300 kt Gimbal angle resolution: less than 100 microadians Environmental: MIL-E5400, Class 1A Interface: 1553B data bus and/or discrete control. Video outputs (analog/digital) Cooling: self-contained Weight: turret Unit 57 lb, Electronics Unit; 43 lb TU size: 12.75 in. diameter by 14.68 in height, EU size: 12.06 in. width, 16.28 in. length, 7.84 in Power: standard aircraft power.

» SAAB DYNAMICS AB HELIOS/HELITOW Stabilised direct view optical system for surveillance and targeting. HeliTOW includes TOW missile tracking and guidance systems. Sight unit provides gunner with a high resolution image day and night enabling detection, identification and tracking of targets at long range. Large fields of view and high resolution give a high target detection probability in short search times Magnification: x3 and x12 Fields of view: 20° and 5° Transmission: greater than 27% Diopter settings: -5.25 to +4.00 diopters Line of sight deflection: +/- 25° in elevation, +/120° in azimuth Stabilisation: line of sight jitter less than 15 microradians RMS. Helios/HeliTOW has been installed on six helicopter types including the Agusta A109 and A129, the Bell 406CS, the Eurocopter AS 550 and BO 105. More than 200 systems have been delivered and are in service with the Swedish Army, the Royal Danish Army, the Italian Army, the Royal Belgian Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force and the Nigerian Air Force.

SEOS Stabilised Electro-Optical System for surveillance and targeting. Developed using experience from Helios and Helitow programmes Basic system: 8-12 micron thermal imager, TV cameras, laser rangefinder Options: laser designator, missile tracker/beam rider unit, low light level TV camera, 3-5 micron thermal imager Sensor head: 50 kg weight, 0.5 m diameter, 0.7 m height Field of regard: +/- 200° azimuth with an option for n x 360°, -30° to +85° elevation. Max traverse rate 100./sec Sensor field of view: available within different intervals; narrow 1.5°, medium 6.0°, wide 18.0° (approximate figures) Stabilisation: line of sight jitter under 15 mircroradians RMS Image processing: automatic target detection and tracking, image freeze/store, area tracking, thermal cueing, electronic magnification, image integration, graphics generation and overlay Interface architecture: 1553B, RS422, others available. Built-in test: power-up test, function monitoring, integrated BIT.

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Just another day at the office.

» SAGEM DÉFENSE SECURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP) OLOSP Steerable, infrared and visible dual-sensor platform, specially devised for airborne surveillance and also comprises an electronic control unit and a hand controller or laptop Main features: steerable, hardened, watertight, 4-axis stabilised turret Stabilisation noise: < 5 mrad RMS Azimuth coverage: 360° Elevation coverage: +20° to -120° Video output IR: RS170 or CCIR Video output Visible: RS170 or CCIR/PAL Diameter: 350 mm, or 410 mm, according to requirement. Height: 500 mm Turret Weight: <30 kg Power supply: 18 - 32 VDC Power consumption: <15 A. Can be offered in two versions: IRIS and MATIS IRIS: 8-12 µm camera, based on IRCMOS technology, 288 x 4 elements, with multiple fields-of-view NFOV: 4° (H) x 3° (V) WFOV: 18° (H) x 13.5° (V) Magnification: 1.6x and 7.5x MATIS: 3-5 µm camera base on InSb technology. 768 x 512 elements (with microscan) or MCT (HgCdTe) technology, 640 x 480 elements (with microscan) NFOV: 1.3° (H) x 0.9° V) WFOV: 26° (h) x 18° (V). Continuous zoom x 20. Environment: MIL-STD-810 E, compatible with naval environment. System Integration : MIL-STD 1553, 1760 bus interface, real time image transmission to ground station. OLOSP is fully qualified in flight conditions and integrates an automated target tracking capability. It integrates with TV sensors, 3-CCD colour cameras or high resolution black and white sensors. In June 2007, Sagem Défense Sécurité signed a contract with Eurocopter for the supply of OLOSP systems to equip the French Navy’s AS 565 Panther helicopters. It also equips the NH90 naval versions (NFH). The program will provide the French Navy with a logistics chain that is the same as the one used for the Panther and NH90 NFH helicopters for the NAHEMA program and NH90 TTH for international customers.

OSIRIS Mast-mounted sight for anti-tank UHT Tigers, part of the long range TRIGAT anti-armour missile system. Used for terrain observation, target acquisition and fire control. Gyrostabilised sight head contains a thermal imager, a TV camera and a laser rangefinder Thermal imager: 8-12 micron Condor 1 IRIS 2nd generation based on a 6 x 288 element array of IRCMOS technology Telescope: varies the field of view from 30° x 40° down to less than 1° TV camera: CCD, visible, near IR bands, three fields of view: 8° x 6°, 2.5° x 1.98° and 0.75° x 0.56° Laser rangefinder: 1.54 micron eyesafe Localiser: IR goniometer for HOT missiles. Up to four targets (selected by the gunner) can be engaged at once, tracking them automatically and handing each off to a TRIGAT seeker. Fire control processors pre-point the seekers and perform an image correlation to ensure that each missile is looking at the right target and can lock onto it. For HOT, the digital processing control unit tracks targets in two IR bands simultaneously to improve jamming resistance.

For aircrew, the office is always a busy place. To carry out their missions successfully they need every assistance to help understand and deal with the threat environment. That’s why we developed the Helicopter Integrated Defensive Aids System (HIDAS) utilising multi-spectral sensors and pre-loaded intelligence to produce comprehensive tactical pictures of the operating environment. The system offers optimum self-protection by rapidly identifying hostile weapon systems

F u r t h e r o n.

and initiating appropriate tactics and countermeasures. Radar, laser and missile warning systems, not to mention a countermeasures dispensing system, combine to take the weight off the crew’s shoulders. Working closely with industry partners we can integrate the best sensor and countermeasure technologies available to help those who routinely go into harm’s way, and get them home safely after a hard day at the office. www.selex-sas.com

SPECIFICATIONS » Electro-optical systems STRIX/NIGHTOWL Roof- or nose-mounted reconnaissance and weapon aiming sights for helicopters. Strix is designed for terrain observation, target acquisition (detection, recognition, identification and localisation) and aiming guns, rockets, air-to-air missiles, laser guided weapons and fire-and-forget missiles. Nightowl adds anti-tank capabilities including designation for laser homing missiles. It integrates a two-axis stabilisation and automatic inflight boresighting that add precision. The STRIX and Nightowl sights are integrated to various platforms: all Tiger versions as well as the Rooivalk helicopters Field of regard: +/- 120° azimuth, -25 to +40° elevation Direct view optics (Strix): wide FoV 12°, narrow FoV 3.5° Mass (Strix): on-roof sighting head 83 kg, complete system 105 kg IRIS thermal imager: Long wave IR IRIS FoV: 39x30°, 6.2x4.6°, 2.1x1.6° Zoom 1.1x0.8°. Both systems include eye safe laser rangefinder or rangefinder/ designator. CCD TV camera: CCIR 625 lines FoV: 2 or 3 depending on application Bus interface: 1553B.

VIVIANE Gyro-stabilised night and adverse weather observation system and missile sight. Fitted to French Army Gazelles. Contains a direct view optical sight, a thermal imager, a laser rangefinder and a localiser/goniometer for HOT missiles Direct view optics: 2 selectable FoVs; 17° (3.3x mag) and 5° (11x mag) Thermal imager: 8-12 micron camera, 4 selectable FoVs; 39° x 30° (1.5x mag), 6.2° x 4.6° (7.5x mag), 2.1° x 1.6° (19x mag) and 1.1° x 0.8° Rangefinder: 1.06 micron laser, accurate to +/-5 m at 10 km Missile localiser: HOT 3 anti-jamming goniometer Field of regard: +/- 120° in azimuth, -25° to +30° in elevation Weights: sighting head 78 kg, total assembly 99 kg.

» SAMSUNG/THALES

nominal 340 Watts typical. Databus: Mil Std 1553B, RS422, ARINC 429. Built-in test: automatic fault detection and isolation. Options: autotracker, radar slaving, laser illuminators, digital VCRs, datalinks, control units, NVG filters. Application: Fixed- and rotary-wing platforms for situation awareness, surveillance and targeting missions.

helicopter specifications

» THALES

weapon

AGILE (Airborne Gyrostabilised Infrared Light Equipment)

specifications

Dual/Tri/Quad sensor system for day and night surveillance, observation, border and maritime patrol, law enforcement and SAR missions. Can be installed on fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, UAVs and naval vessels. Sensors: High-res 3-5 micron thermal imager (8-12 microns as option), high res colour CCD TV, Eye-safe 1.54 micron laser rangefinder, near IR laser pointer. IR FoV: from 27x20° to 2.2x1.6° with continuous zoom. TV FoV: from 50x38° to 2.2x1.6° with continuous zoom. Rangefinder range: 15 km. Pointer range: 8 km. Stabilisation: 3 or 4 axes 4 optional. Weight: 17 kg. Dimensions: 30 cm diameter x 45 cm height. Options include: radar and searchlight coupling, map slaving, autotracker, auto-scanning, image contrast enhancement, GPS overlay, image enhancement & datalink.

helmet-mounted displays and nvgS sensors INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS guide to military

COMPASS Compact Multi-Purpose Advanced Stabilised System designed for day/night search and tracking of land, sea and air targets, weapons control and navigation. A modular, adaptable system with plug-and-play interfaces. Day sensor: colour zoom CCD camera (interchangeable with B&W). Thermal sensor: interchangeable 8-12 micron and 3-5 micron imagers. Lasers: rangefinder or designator. Autotracker: improved, capable against air, land and sea targets. Bus interfaces: Mil Std 1553, RS422.

helicopter fleets guide to SUPPLIERS PRODUCT GUIDE

EOTS-31 Electro-Optical Tracking System for fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters and UAVs. Sensors: Mid-wave thermal imager, TV camera. Thermal imager: 640x480 element, 3-5 micron (actually 3.7-4.8) cooled HgCdTe detector: FoV: max 40x30°, min 2x1.5°. Min focal distance: 10 m. Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD): 0.03°C @ 1 cy/mr in narrow FoV. Zoom: x20 optical in 26 steps, x2 electronic. TV camera: CCD with >480 lines resolution. FoV: 20.4x15.6° to 2.2x1.65°. Stabilisation accuracy: <50 mrad. Azimuth: n x360°. Elevation: -100 to +5°. Operating temp tolerance: -32 to +55°C. Environmental standards: Mil-Std 810E and 461D. Dimensions: 354 mm diameter x 510 mm height. Weight: <37 kg.

» SELEX SENSORS AND AIRBORNE SYSTEMS TITAN 385 MULTI SENSOR TURRET SYSTEM 15 in ruggedised, radar hardened Stabilised turret for 24-hour, all-weather operations. Gimbal: Continuous rotation in azimuth and elevation third axis gyro Stabilised look down. Stability: 80 micro radians. Slewing rate: up to 100° per second. Principal modes: cage, pointing, search and track, sector scan, heading hold, park. Weight: 45 kg. Sensor options: IR camera: 3rd generation staring focal plane array, 3-5µm or 8-10µm. Narrow FoV: to 1.8° plus electronic magnification. Daylight Camera: monochrome or colour CCD TV, 800 TV lines resolution, 20:1 optical zoom. Low Light Camera: Starlight to sunlight, anti blooming with over exposure immunity. Narrow FoV: 8.8°. Laser Range Finder: 1.54µm, eye-safe. Pilotage FLIR: Wide FoV, uncooled 256 x 128, 8-12µm array. Video display: CCIR 625 lines, 50 Hz or EAI RS170 525 lines 60 Hz. Power: 28Vdc

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» URALS OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL PLANT (UOMZ) GOES 342 Observing and sighting system for Ka-50 combat helicopter and its modifications. Day-and-night acquisition and recognition of ground and surface targets; laser ranging sighting of machine guns; guns and unguided missiles aircraft missile guidance. Standard components: FOV stabilisation system; TV channel; “Module-Avia” thermal imaging channel; laser range finder; direction finder. Range of sighting angles: +/- 230° az, -115 to +25° el. Working temp range: +/- 50° C. Dimensions: 460 x 6130 mm. Weight: 185 kg.

GOES 520 Day-and-night observing system for Ka-50 combat helicopter and its modifications. Standard components: low-level TV channel; thermal imaging channel. Range of sighting angles: +/- 180° az, -85 to +35° el. Working temp range: +/- 50° C. Dimensions: 350 x 500 mm. Weight: 45 kg.

SPECIFICATIONS

INTEGRATED MISSION SYSTEMS A selection of the major companies that integrate military mission systems into helicopters. Helicopter manufacturers are capable of completing this kind of work, but more are now partnering with outside systems houses such as those listed here. The entries in this section include examples of their work, which is tailored to the requirements of individual customers. Entries are ordered alphabetically by company name.


SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated mission systems » ELBIT SYSTEMS

» GENERAL DYNAMICS CANADA

HELICOM

MARITIME MISSION SYSTEMS

‘Next generation’, fully digital, integrated C3 and mission management system designed to provide crew with data communications; accurate, real time tactical pictures and make the whole process easier, friendlier and more accessible than ever before. Advanced GUI and digital map features combine for mission management. The modular system has been designed to grow as needs evolve, from a single helicopter, to a formation, to an air force. Installed in a wide variety of platforms, HELICOM was developed by active pilots whose combat experience is incorporated into all facets. Designed to be intuitive to operate, it features: a graphical user interface with mission editing; touch-screen control and single-hand Mouse/HOCAS operation. It is based on a digital moving map tactical situation display and an advanced data link that operates on up to four independent nets using on-board radios for data communications with voice override. It calculates: times, fuel, distances, and bearings; from the map it works out LoS, obstacles, LoS against height, and threats. It also calculates available performance according to altitude, temperature and available power. The command and control station is based on a rugged laptop.

GD Canada teamed with Sikorsky as mission systems integrator for the H-92, which was selected as the CH-148 Cyclone, winning Canada’s Maritime Helicopter Project (MHP). The company’s airborne systems division has over 25 years of experience in the design, engineering development and field-support of airborne applications. This includes integration of maritime aircraft equipped with acoustic suites controlled by a sophisticated data management system within operator consoles consisting of stateof-the-art control panels, ancillary devices and 20” flat panel displays. It has also integrated tactical radar displays and situation display and mission consoles for NATO AWACS aircraft. A key factor in the company’s approach is to employ the Quality Function Deployment and Integrated Product Development methodologies with customers and end users. This ensures a low risk, optimum design for the application, taking into consideration the combination of minimum/maximum operational requirements, available state-of-the-art Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, and design to cost considerations. GD Canada has fielded totally integrated solutions that cover the whole acoustic spectrum (sonobuoy receivers, trainers, recorders, post-flight analysis systems, and appropriate interfaces to all available data management systems). Such acoustic systems feature: sonobuoy processing up to 64 DIFAR full band; proprietary algorithms that provide a consistent reliable detection and localisation capability for broadband and transient emissions; the ability to simultaneously process dipping sonar and sonobuoys.

Helicopter Mission Systems Elbit Systems is a major systems supplier integrator for Israeli Air Force Helicopters. It has systems on around 4,000 military helicopters of over 16 types including CH-53D/E, AH-1S/W, A-109, CH-46E, CH-47D, Puma 330, UH-60/HH-60, AS-565, UH-1N, Mi17 and Mi-24. State-of-the-art open architecture technology assures modularity and flexibility and eases customisation and upgrades. ‘Fused’ avionics minimise the number of units and, along with comprehensive test equipment for all maintenance levels, reduces life-cycle costs. Its mission systems are based on a set of core technologies including: Mission Computer (MC) for effective sensor, display, fire control and mission management; Helmet Sight and Display System to present flight and mission information by day and night directly in the pilot’s field of view and to provide slaving capabilities to sensors; Stabilised Electro-optical Payloads for day and night observation and detection, recognition and identification of targets at all ranges; Multi-Function Colour Displays; Digital Map System that presents real-time maps in different scales and formats overlaid with tactical information; Cockpit Integration Unit, which is a powerful cockpit and avionics control computer with LCD display terminal; ground-based Mission Planning and Debrief Station for managing all mission-related data such as navigational routes, threats, targets, communication and stores; Data Link and C4I system that fuses all available battlefield information, delivers mission critical information and presents a clear picture to pilots and all command levels; Obstacle Warning System alerts crew to obstacles.

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» HELI-DYNE SYSTEMS Maritime mission systems for the Bell 412EP ‘Sentinel’ Sentinel mission equipment packages are designed to be rapidly reconfigurable between roles. All configurations include navigation and communications equipment, a searchlight, dual sensor electrooptical pod and floats as basic aircraft special mission equipment. All configurations include navigation and communications equipment, a searchlight, dual sensor electro-optical pod and floats as basic aircraft special mission equipment. Mission specific systems include: an electronic flight instrument system, an integrated flight control system, a search and surveillance radar system, a dipping sonar system, a head-up display, a flight management system, a thermal imager and day TV stabilised electro-optical turret, a searchlight and a 600 lb rescue hoist. The maritime patrol nav and comms suite includes a tactical communication system, a high-frequency single-side-band transceiver, an airborne transponder, a nav / ILS receiver, automatic direction finder and distance measuring equipment. Mission configurations: ‘ASW 1’ includes an operator console, sonar console and equipment and seat; ‘ASW IIA’ includes torpedoes, operator console and seat; while ‘ASW IIB’ includes torpedoes and cockpit systems operator station; ‘ASV I’ features an operator console and seat and, optionally, a hoist and cargo hook; ‘ASV II’ features the operator console, seat and missiles; while ‘ASV III’ includes missiles and a cockpit systems operator station; ‘SAR I’ includes hoist, seat, rappel bars and two litters plus optional rag/ tube seat capability, cargo hook and auxiliary fuel; ‘SAR II’ has 4 litters, aux fuel, hoist, cargo hook, two extra litters and rappel bars as extras; ‘Tactical / Utility’ features rappel bars as standard and rag/tube seat capability, aux fuel and cargo hook as options.

Integrated mission systems « SPECIFICATIONS » ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES LAHAV, MATA, ELTA AND TAMAM DIVISIONS COMBAT HELICOPTER UPGRADES Lahav Division led the development of the upgrade package for the Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopters along with other IAI divisions, which supplied combat-proven systems. The upgrade package utilises subsystems, which were designed for the Russian Mi-35 and KA-50-2 attack helicopters. Mata is responsible for the installation design of both the cockpit panels and the various avionics systems as well as for adapting the cockpit to be NVGcompatible. The Tamam division is responsible for supplying the HMOSP observation & targeting payload and the pilot ‘smart’ helmet. The Elta Division is responsible for the helicopter’s selfprotection system, supplying advanced Electronic Warfare components. This Upgrade Package can be tailored to the specific requirements of any Mi-17 user. The upgraded Mi-17 will be capable of performing missions around the clock and in adverse weather conditions. Moreover, EW and armament packages will significantly improve the helicopter’s offensive and defensive capabilities. The Tactical Upgrade Package offered by IAI expands the helicopter’s mission envelope by providing full capabilities at night and in adverse weather and by significantly improving its battlefield survivability. IAI will provide its customers with full support for the helicopter by applying modern technologies based on western standards. MATA is also responsible for the CH-53-2000 upgrade, a Bell 212 upgrade, conversion of the 206 to police operations and the new integrated avionics system for the HAL Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter.

DHRUV Advanced Light Helicopter Demonstrator Cockpit The Lahav ALH avionics system features the company’s proven Display and Mission Computer with its Operational Flight Program software and is based on operational programs developed for the Israel Air Force and other customers. The ALH with Lahav’s avionics package and cockpit layout, provides: integrated displays for each stage of the mission; optimised system management and operation; colour coded tactical situation picture for rapid monitoring of the helicopter and its surroundings; safe day/night/adverse weather operation under all environmental conditions, including full NVG compatibility; along with maximised flexibility and growth potential utilising modular avionics with open architecture, MIL-STD-1553B data bus and other commonly used interfaces. Off-the-shelf avionics subsystems include: Display and Mission Computer; four (4) 8” x 6” LCD, Multi Function Colour Displays providing glasscockpit features; two (2) Control and Display Units for data entry, flight management functions, subsystem control and system status display; Doppler/GPS for pinpoint navigation; Radio Altimeter.

» LOCKHEED MARTIN SYSTEMS INTEGRATION AGUSTAWESTLAND MERLIN HM MK 1 The aircraft has a state-of-the-art, integrated mission system, which processes data from an extensive array of on-board sensors, giving Merlin an independent capability to search for, locate and attack submarine targets. It is this autonomous capability which makes Merlin unique among ASW helicopters and enhances its multi-mission capabilities. The aircraft and its mission system are managed by two computer systems, linked by dual data buses. The cockpit is designed for operation by a single pilot, with the auto-pilot allowing for hands-off flight for

most of the mission. Normally flown by a crew of three - pilot, observer and aircrewman - Merlin is equipped with the Thomson-Marconi active ‘dunking’ (dipping) sonar which gives enhanced submarine detection ranges, and the GEC Marconi AQS 903 acoustic processor. All crew stations can access the management computers and operate the tactical displays. These are fed by the Marconi Blue Kestrel radar which possesses full 360-degree coverage and an ability to TrackWhile-Scan surface contacts. It can also pass tactical information via a datalink to other participating units. Upgrades to the aircraft’s mission system are being carried out under the Merlin Capability Sustainment Plus (CSP) programme led by Lockheed Martin UK Ltd.

AGUSTAWESTLAND MERLIN CAPABILITY SUSTAINMENT PLUS (MCSP) MCSP is a long-term effort intended to ‘future-proof’ the RN’s Merlin Mk1 multi-role maritime helicopter for the next 25 years or so, not least by improving Littoral and anti-surface capabilities. The upgrade is centred on a new tactical mission system and Human Machine Interface (HMI), but also includes a new aircraft management computer, fly-by-wire controls, a new NVG-compatible cockpit, an FN Herstal M3M 12.7 mm machine gun in a pod and improvements to the communications system, the radar, the acoustic processor and the training system. The tactical mission system and the aircraft management computers will have IBM PowerPC 700 chips and will be assembled into hardware by LM System Integration in Owego, New York State, but loaded with software developed in Portsmouth. The cockpit will get seven 12-inch (across the diagonal) XGA (1,024 x 768) flat-panel colour active-matrix LCD screens, five in a row across the cockpit and two just below them in the centre console. As well as flight information and aircraft systems data, these can all display the tactical picture, sensor data and totes (lists of target information laid out like spreadsheets). Each of the two mission consoles in the back will have a 24-inch WUXGA (1,920 x 1,200) flat-panel colour MFDs and two 12-inch touch-screen control and display panels known as Integrated Display Units. Cursor control for the big screen is via joystick, trackball and button. Slightly to the left of centre on the big screen and taking up just over two-thirds of its area is the tactical map. Right-clicking on any object on the map, a target for example, reveals a drop-down menu listing everything that the operator can do with that target, such as, transmit it on the data link, change its classification, or delete it for example. To the left of the map on the big screen is a vertical window of small panels containing alphanumeric navigation, communication, target and weapon data. To the right of the map is a pair of square windows used, for example, to display totes of detailed target information, tactical plan graphics or the image from the radar. Both synthetic aperture and inverse synthetic aperture radar capabilities are part of MCSP. These can also be shown in the centre window in place of the map. Tracks are filtered by environment, hostility, by range and bearing from the aircraft, and by the source of the track. The information is presented to the operator in a way that supports the work flow of the battle. The MCSP contract is valued at £750 million, covers the upgrade of 30 aircraft, plus options for up to eight more, and runs from 2006 until 2014, unless the Navy exercises the options (though these are likely to be required to meet the RN’s MASC AEW requirement), which would add about another year.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated mission systems AH-1 COBRA MODERNISATION Lockheed Martin’s modernisation programme enhances and extends the life of the AH-1 Cobra aircraft, while reducing the total ownership cost. AH-1 crews will have the ability to fly or fight from either cockpit position. LM provides a turnkey approach to program management, integration, testing and product support. Following initial aircraft certification and weapons qualification, upgrade production kits can be installed by LM personnel or the customer. Solutions are tailored to customer needs and include training and support services.

MH-60R/S MISSION SYSTEMS Lockheed Martin is the prime systems integration contractor for the MH-60R Multi-Mission Helicopter program with total responsibility to oversee all systems integration efforts. The MH60R or Romeo, is the next generation of the successful Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) MK III SH-60B. The MH-60S, or Sierra, is fulfilling the Vertical Replenishment mission of the CH-46 helicopter and will take the lead in assuming the armed helicopter role and Organic Mine Countermeasures mission. The US Navy’s Helicopter Master Plan consolidates most of the fleet into these two models. Lockheed Martin is integrating the flight avionics systems, including the Navy H-60 Common Cockpit, mission avionics systems and stores and defence systems. Common Cockpit is based on open architecture and commercial-off-the-shelf technology, including: Four 8”x10” full colour, night vision device-capable, sunlight-readable displays; digital communications suite; common programmable keysets; fully integrated GPS and inertial navigation system; mass memory data storage; rugged integrated mission computer. In addition, a new flight management computer and new operational software provide for greatly increased operational capability. Pre-flight initialisation is simplified with Lockheed Martin’s Mission Planning System. Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (MHT)/Data Fusion project has migrated from AWACS where it provided fusion of radar, identification friend or foe (IFF), manual and offboard data to the MH-60R where it fuses new sensors such as ESM, acoustics and additional off-board data, and by adding track ID classification. Airborne Mine Countermeasures: Lockheed Martin is developing and integrating Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM) electronics to sensors and mine countermeasures equipment on two test MH-60S aircraft. Armed Helo: the MH-60S is set to become the Navy’s primary Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) platform, replacing the HH60H. Integrated into this version will be a new CSAR package and a number of MH-60R systems.

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Integrated mission systems « SPECIFICATIONS

» NORTHROP GRUMMAN

» RAFAEL

» SAAB

H-1 FAMILY OF AVIONICS

HELICOAT COMBAT HELICOPTER UPGRADE SUITE

Core Avionics - Navigation and digital map system: Enhanced GPS/INS, air data, TACAN, ADF. Communications suite: RT-1794 fully integrated VHF/UHF. EW and self-protection: radar warning, CHAFF/FLARE, missile warning, laser warning. Full glass cockpit with HOCAS controls: common high-resolution displays, Common screen formats (for core functions), common HOCAS designs (for core functions), AH-1Z full ‘flight and fight’ from both front and back seats, 1,024 x 768 pixel displays, full access/control at all locations. Expansion Options - added pilot night vision system, incorporation of fire-control radar, implementation of Longbow missile, image capture, compression and data link. AH-1Z Unique - wing stores weapons management and control: laser guided Hellfire, Sidewinder, 2.75 in. rockets, bombs/flares. 20 mm Gatling gun: digital gun turret and A/G-A/A ballistics. Target sighting system: 3rd generation FLIR, colour TV, stabilised turret. Integrated helmet display and sighting system: visor projected, integral I2 cameras, accurate DC magnetic tracker. UH-1Y Unique - communication suite expansion: added VHF/ UHF, expansion to SATCOM. Night targeting and pilot sensor. Centralised Avionic Mission Management Computer (AMMC): processes, fuses, displays and controls functions. Full avionic mission management computer and display redundancy; modular avionics components and modular, scaleable software. AMMC developed using high-performance technology in accordance with open architecture standards.

HeliCOAT is an advanced weapon package for the modernisation and upgrading of helicopters. It enables any helicopter to carry out an attack mission, day or night and in adverse weather conditions. It enables the engagement of multiple targets, hard or soft, at long and stand-off range with pinpoint accuracy and maximum helicopter and crew survivability. The HeliCOAT system includes: Spike ER missiles and launcher; TOPLITE observation system; self-protection & EW System; AEROGEM electro-optical self protection suite. AEROGEM protects helicopters and wide body fixed wing aircraft against ground-toair, air-to-air and multi task missiles. It consists of a the System Processing Unit, passive missile warning system and JAM-AIR, the directional infra-red countermeasure system. For added protection, the system also integrates a Chaff and Flare Dispensing System (CFDS). HeliCOAT also includes: Helmet Mounted Sight with night flight capability; modified cockpit; moving map; multi-function control and display unit; pilot’s monitor; right and left handgrips.

TACTICAL MISSION SYSTEM FOR HELICOPTER APPLICATIONS

INTEGRATED TACTICAL AVIONICS SYSTEM (ITAS) Northrop Grumman is a major producer of tactical information management systems for maritime patrol, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, search-and-rescue and related applications. The Northrop Grumman AN/ASN-150 and AN/ASN-123 systems are in use with the US Navy and US Coast Guard, as well as a large number of international customers on such platforms as the SH-2F/G, SH-3H, SH-60F, HH-60H/J, S-70B/C and CH-124B. The latest generation in this family, known as the Integrated Tactical Avionics System (ITAS), introduces the latest processing and display technologies and architectures into such applications for both fixed and rotary-wing platforms. Northrop Grumman also produces a full range of mission support and integration systems to support these airborne applications. Equipment include: Avionics Mission Management Computer; H-1 Integrated Avionics System; Integrated Communications Suites; Integrated Helmet Display and Sighting Subsystem; Integrated Weapons Management and Control; Mission Operational Flight Programs.

HELICOPTER SYSTEMS RAFAEL develops and markets a wide range of modern systems and technologies, developed for helicopter applications. These systems combined, form the HeliCOAT suite, available as a complete programme or as separate systems to fit any customer’s needs. The suite includes the well-known precision guided missile SPIKE-ER, a self-protection suite, highly efficient digital communications including a datalink, a variety of armour solutions, leading safety features such as external airbags, electro-optic five-sensor payloads for day and night operation and additional special features that support the helicopter crew in day, night and adverse weather operations. RAFAEL offers ‘turn key’ modernisation programmes, including a completely modern avionic suite and system certification tests and analysis.

» RAYTHEON ARMY AIRBORNE COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM (A2C2S) Command post integrated into a Black Hawk helicopter. The A2C2S operates equally well as an airborne or a ground TOC. The A2C2S provides five work stations and the ability for the Tactical Commander and staff to be where they need to be to most effectively command and control forces during critical missions. Combat Operations in Iraq have proven the A2C2S to be a force multiplier, essential to successful military operations on modern battlefields. It supports echelons above corps, corps, division, and manoeuvre brigade commanders. Offers up to five reconfigurable and removable user stations and two large common displays. Hosts selected ABCS software programs. Open systems architecture implemented. Interoperable with other C2 systems. Replaces obsolete AN/ASC-15B/C C2 consoles. Supports C2 requirements for missions ranging from humanitarian assistance to deep operations in high intensity conflict. Provides situational awareness & C2 through C4I digital connectivity. Enables commander and his staff to traverse battlespace to critical places at critical times. Provides robust line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight voice and digital data communications package.

The Saab tactical mission system is an advanced and flexible system for transport, utility, command & control and combat helicopters intended to operate in a net-centric environment. It is designed to be upgraded easily and adapted to new and changed missions without interfering with the flight critical parts of the core helicopter. The system is based on modular kits that can be quickly added to meet mission-specific needs. The system meets the most rigid requirement in the Nordic standard helicopter program and was chosen for the Swedish NH90 helicopter. Saab has the overall responsibility for design development and integration, including sensor handling and data fusion. It draws on products and competencies developed in the Gripen programme and other air, land and maritime applications. The Tactical Mission System is designed around a core ‘main system computer’ with application software for integration of the different subsystems such as radar, sonar, detectors and electronic warfare systems, sensor and weapons management, mission management and mission support systems. The core is built around Saab’s new distributed modular avionics where the traditional electronic boxes have been replaced by standardised easily modified modules that interact over a local network. Core functionality constitutes advanced multi-role tactical mission functionalities for cockpit and crew, including a digital map, sensor handling and comprehensive recording functionality and tactical communication supported by mission planning and preparation, post flight analysis. Tactical radar IFF, tactical electro-optical system and an electronic warfare suite will contribute to enhance the situational awareness for the pilots. A mission management system is included in the cabin, hosted in a set of operator consoles for the operators. The naval operations are supported by a modern acoustic system included as one of the multi-role mission kits in the Saab Tactical Mission System. The Tactical Mission System (TMS) is fully NATO-compatible and can be integrated with existing C2 infrastructures as well as with secure network ground facilities.

» SAGEM DÉFENSE SÉCURITÉ (SAFRAN GROUP) HELICOPTER MODERNISATION Sagem has acquired a unique combination of expertise in all the technologies required for helicopter modernisation, drawn from aircraft systems integration, mission planning, optronics, fire control, airframe modification, cockpit enhancement and logistic support. It is a leader in helicopter flight control and autopilot systems. Other skills developed in house, already chosen for major European helicopter programmes, also allows Sagem to provide complete helicopter retrofit solutions designed to enhance operational capabilities. The systems cover a large range of missions such as: observation, engagement, Combat Search and Rescue (C-SAR) and special operations. Sagem Défense Sécurité’s modernization packages are generally based on a central computer and flight management system. Depending on needs, the following units can then be added: Gyrostabilized optronics sensors, Navigation system (SIGMA), Attitude sensors (APIRS), glass cockpit, digital cartography, mission planning and post-flight analysis systems, autopilot, night and day-night cameras (FLIR), 3rd generation night vision goggles, self-protection, data links. For military or parapublic applications, the company is involved in important programs such as the AS 350, AS 565 Panther, EC 725 Caracal C-SAR, Tigre, NH90 and UH-72A Lakota.


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SPECIFICATIONS » Integrated mission systems HELIPSYS, MISSION PREPARATION AND RESTITUTION SYSTEM Capitalizing on numerous mission planning systems for aircraft, such as the recent MPME (mission preparation module for helicopter crews) for the French Army Aviation (ALAT) awarded by the French Ministry of Defense, Sagem Défense Sécurité offers Helipsys as a mission planning and debriefing system for helicopters. Helipsys provides all the services necessary to prepare and debrief missions, including the following: Analysis of cartographic data; Calculation of the best trajectories by taking into account all data from operational theatres, in particular the presence of identified air defence systems, with intervisibility zones according to topography; Calculation of flight data (mass, centring, performance, autonomy, etc) using the flight manual data; Consideration of tactical situation data by transfer from an operational information system; Read out of mission planning data; Software debriefing and ‘experience feedback’; Network operation that allows several helicopters’ missions to be planned simultaneously so that the best tactical plans can be drawn up. Designed for use in joint and combinedarms foreign operations, Helipsys can be used by mounted helicopter forces on aircraft carriers.

INTEGRATED COCKPIT DISPLAY SYSTEM (ICDS) GLASS COCKPIT Sagem Défense Sécurité’s new ICDS instrument panels are designed to equip or modernize existing helicopters. Fitted with Multi Function Display (MFD) of flight parameters, they are flexible and can also display video or images from an onboard sensor. Built into its slim 5-cm depth is a powerful computer processor capable of updating all flight dynamics, engine performance, navigation information and communication data in real-time. A two display suite provides full panel instrumentation. The screens exist in 6”, 8” and 10” versions. They are ITAR Free and certified TSO. In the USA, they will equip the Los Angeles Police Department’s helicopters AS 350 B2 fleet as part of a modernization program awarded to Sagem Avionics Inc. Display: AMLCD ; Glass size: 10,4”, 8,4”, 6,4”. Input voltage: 10-35VDC ; Power (max): 50 watts, 14-28 volts ; Operating temp: -20° to + 70° ; Storage temp: -40° to 80°C ; Serial I/O: 4-RS232/422. Inputs: 8 discrete, NTSC Option, External Brightness Control, External Turn-Push Knobs, External Keyboard. Outputs: 16 discrete, audio output. Certifications: TSO C113, TSO C44B, RTCA DO-178B, AS-8034, DO160D.

» SELEX SENSORS AND AIRBORNE SYSTEMS (Formerly BAE Systems Avionics) Mi-172 Cockpit Demonstrator BAE Systems Avionics Group (now Selex) has developed an integrated cockpit and mission system for the Kazan Mi-172 in cooperation with Kelowna Flightcraft Limited, Kazan and the Mil design bureau and also offers a package for the upgrade of Mil Mi-24 and 35 combat helicopters. The Mi-17 cockpit includes: Honeywell Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS); tactical colour multi function display with digital moving map, FLIR/ LLTV/CTV imagery, systems status page, electronic warfare page, electronic checklists; Selex Titan 385 stabilised multisensor turret system installed and operating; simulation package to demonstrate TERPROM functions within digital moving map terrain database; Martin Baker replacement light weight crew seat; demonstration of improved crew interface to minimise cockpit workload.

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» SINGAPORE TECHNOLOGIES AEROSPACE HELICOPTER AVIONICS AND MISSION UPGRADES Singapore Technologies Aerospace (ST Aero) provides customised, integrated helicopter mission systems through its Engineering and Development Centre, using a wide selection of sub-systems from suppliers worldwide. Tactical Situational Awareness: The Integrated Mission System combines low level sensor data from the electronics warfare system, navigational system and terrain database, and presents a high level of customised information to improve pilots’ decision making and reduce workload. Centralised Radio Management System: manages communication and navigation functions. This is a marked capability improvement over conventional radio controls. Digital Moving Map System is incorporated with terrain warning mechanism, enhances tactical information display. Tactical battlefield information overlays the map and flight plan to give the pilots improved mission awareness. It can also provide pilots with the optimum flight plan using real-time computations. Survivability Enhancement: can select and integrate selfprotection suites best suited to the customer’s environment or integrate a customer-selected SPS. All-Weather Day & Night Operations: NVG-compatible cockpit features system-generated terrain following cue, based on digital terrain elevation data, assists pilots in adverse visibility conditions and night operations.

» TADIRAN SPECTRALINK ADVANCED COMBAT INTEGRATED SAR (ACIS) Digital map-based Combat SAR mission management system that uses the core elements and operating modes of Tadiran’s Airborne Search And Rescue System (ASARS) family, including ASARS-G, and adds many essential C3I modes. The main elements of ACIS are an Advanced Interface Mission Computer (AIMC) and an MFD with a moving map engine. This includes several types of colour maps with survivor data overlays (including multi-survivor position display and tracking mode), threats along the flight path and more. Besides CSAR C3I, it can be used for covert flight path planning, mission planning, rehearsal, recording and debriefing, ground collision avoidance etc. The two main LRUs are: the AU700 ASARS RF unit that includes a 225 to 300 MHz UHF radio, a DF module, a transponder unit and an AU controller; and the AIMC, a PC based system using advanced Intel technology and standard storage devices. The AIMC can be deployed as a stand-alone avionics system, including a high-res colour display-and-control type MFD, or as a standard avionics LRU.

» THALES Helicopter Avionics System Integration As prime contractor, Thales has a proven track record for MoD helicopter avionics and mission upgrades including Sea King Mk7 Radar and Mission System Upgrade, Lynx Mk8 Radio and Central Tactical System upgrade (SATURN) and the Chinook Night Enhancement Package. Thales has established credentials as a ‘hands on, can do’ organisation as evidenced by its outstanding performance as prime contractor on a number of MoD Urgent Operational Requirements. Thales equipment is in widespread use on civil and military helicopter platforms worldwide. Thales is currently working with many of the world’s leading helicopter manufacturers on next generation cockpit systems and technologies, much of which benefits from the advanced developments in the commercial aircraft sector.

Military-Helicopter-Handbook-2008.pdf

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