Middle Old Testament History

MIDDLE OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY

“And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.” 2 Samuel 7:12

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Table of Contents MIDDLE OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY Table of Contents Review of Old Testament History Old Testament Timeline Patriarchs to Judges (c. 2166–1030) United Monarchy (c. 1050–931) Divided Monarchy to Exile (931–586) Return from Exile (539–445) Historical Books Prophetic Books Outline of Middle Old Testament History 1st Samuel Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Events of 1 Samuel Referenced in the Psalms Purpose, Occasion, and Background Key Themes Distinctive Features History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 – The Birth & Dedication of Samuel Chapter 2 – The Prayer of Hannah | Corrupt Priesthood The Rise of Samuel, Israel's Last Judge Chapter 3 – Calling of Samuel Chapter 4 – Battle with the Philistines | Ark of the Covenant taken Chapter 5 – The Ark in Philistia Chapter 6 – The Ark returned to Israel Chapter 7 – Philistines defeated in Mizpah | Samuel Judges in Israel Chapter 8 – The Israelites ask for a King Chapter 9 – Saul chosen as King of Israel Chapter 10 – Saul anointed as King Chapter 11 – Defeat of the Ammonites Chapter 12 – Samuel’s final speech to Israel Chapter 13 – Saul presumption at Gilgal Chapter 14 – Jonathan Defeats the Philistines Chapter 15 – The rejection of Saul as King Chapter 16 – Anointing of David as King Chapter 17 – David & Goliath: Battle at the Valley of Elah Chapter 18 – Saul's Jealousy of David Chapter 19 – Saul tries to kill David Chapter 20 – Jonathan warns David Chapter 21 – David’s lack of trust (David leaves again) Chapter 22 – Saul slays priests in Hebron & David hides in cave Chapter 23 – David betrayed by the Ziphities Chapter 24 – David spares Saul at Engedi Chapter 25 – David married Abigail | Death of Samuel


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Chapter 26 – David spares Saul at the hill of Hachilah Chapter 27 – David Flees to the Philistines Chapter 28 – Saul visits the Witch of Endor Chapter 29 – The Philistines reject David Chapter 30 – Amalekite attack Ziklag & David's victory Chapter 31 – Philistines defeat Israel & Death of Saul and his sons 2nd Samuel Introduction Events of 2 Samuel Referenced in the Psalms Key Themes Text Literary Features Outline Chapter 1 – David laments for Saul and Jonathan Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 – David's war activities Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 – Adultery with Bethsheba and the murder of Uriah Chapter 12 Chapter 13 – Story of Tamar and Ammon Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 – David meets Ziba who has supplies and food Chapter 17 – Ahitophel wants to pursue and kill the king. Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 – Numbering of Israel Chapter 24 1st Chronicles Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features History of Salvation Summary Outline for 1–2 Chronicles Chapter 1 Chapter 2 - Israel to David Chapter 3 - Sons of David (From different wives) http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 4 - Sons of David (From different wives) Chapter 5 - Linage of Reuben Chapter 6 - Linage of Levi Chapter 7 - Linage of Issachar, Ephraim, Neptali, Benjamin Chapter 8 – Benjamin Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 - This is the crowning of the David Chapter 13 – Attempt to bring ark to Jerusalem. Chapter 14 - The timber for David’s House Chapter 15 – The Ark is put into the tent Chapter 16 Chapter 17 – David wants to build a temple Chapter 18 Chapter 19 – Story of Nahash and Hanan Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 1st Kings Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Purpose, Occasion, and Background Key Themes History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 - Revolution of Ahnonijah Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 - Hiram provides cedar wood for building of temple Chapter 6 - Building of temple, temple promise Chapter 7 – Solomon’s other building’s and Hiram’s work for the temple Chapter 8 – Ark is brought into temple, temple is dedicated and Solomon’s prayer Chapter 9 – God’s conditional promise to Solomon, Hiram is given cities Chapter 10 - Sheba visits king Solomon Chapter 11 - Solomon’s sin, adversaries, and acted prophecy by Ahijah to Jeroboam Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Applications Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 – Interlude with Nabath, Ahab and the vineyard. Chapter 22 2nd Kings Introduction Outline Chapter 1 – The story of Ahaziah Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 - Building of the school of the prophets Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 2nd Chronicles Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 – Leadership Chapter 18 Chapter 19 – Setting up the Judges Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Images broken down (1-4) Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Proverbs Introduction Author and Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background History of Salvation Summary Distinctive Features Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 – Trusting in God Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Summary Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Ecclesiastes Introduction Author, Title, and Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Song of Solomon Introduction Author and Date Theme, Title, and Interpretation Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Amos Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 – Harvest time – Judgement Chapter 9 Jonah Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background History of Salvation Summary Distinctive Features Outline Chapter 1 – Sleeping in the Storm Chapter 2 – Belly of the Fish Chapter 3 – God’s Response: Forgiveness & Further Probation Jonah’s Message (1-4) Nineveh’s Response: Five Steps (5-9) Chapter 4 - Jonah’s Response God’s object lesson (6-8) Isaiah Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features The Near East at the Time of Isaiah History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 3 Chapter 4 – The Shaking Chapter 5 – Israel the Vineyard Chapter 6 - Call of Isaiah/True Conversion of Isaiah Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 – Coming of the Messiah Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 – Warning against Moab Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 – Warning to Ethiopia Chapter 19 – Warning to Egypt Chapter 20 Chapter 21 – Warning against Babylon Chapter 22 – Prophecy against Judah Chapter 23 Chapter 24 – Desolation of the Earth Chapter 25 Chapter 26 – A song of confidence in God Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 – The Great Day of the Lord Chapter 35 Chapter 36 – The invasion of Judah by Assyria | Hezekiah’s Sickness Chapter 37 – Hezekiah’s Recovery Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 – Trust in the Infinite God Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 – Sabbath for the Gentiles Chapter 57 Chapter 58 – Sabbath Reform & The True Fast Chapter 59 Chapter 60 – A Light to the Gentiles Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Hosea - God’s love for the wayward Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Description of Isreal’s sins (1-5) Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Micah Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Psalms Introduction Title Theme Key Themes History of Salvation Summary Distinctive Features Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134 Chapter 135 Chapter 136 Chapter 137 http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Chapter 138 Chapter 139 Chapter 140 Chapter 141 Chapter 142 Chapter 143 Chapter 144 Chapter 145 Chapter 146 Chapter 147 Chapter 148 Chapter 149 Chapter 150 Nahum Introduction Author and Title Date Theme Key Themes Purpose, Occasion, and Background Distinctive Features History of Salvation Summary Outline Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3


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Review of Old Testament History         

How would you describe God? Unmeasurable Key Text Gen 12:3 – Goal of Gods convents was that they would be a blessing Gen was for the children who just came out of bondage (Create faith) Gen and Job where the first two books of the Bible Ex – Theme of “Going out” a symbol of what God wants to do with His people. Lev – Sacrifice Num – rebellion Deut – Most important to the Jews; Book of the Law; change of leadership KEY they did whatever the leader did; they wanted a visible leader. It was time for God to raise up a delivers; Who is a Priest, Judge, Prophet

Old Testament Timeline The following dates (all b.c.) are close approximations based on correlating dates between the Bible and other ancient Near Eastern sources (largely from Assyrian accession lists, Babylonian king-lists, or Egyptian historical sources). Often dates can be confirmed between the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires by narratives recording contacts between these two countries.

Patriarchs to Judges (c. 2166–1030) 1446 Date for Exodus Abraham 2166–1991 Isaac 2066–1886 Jacob 2006–1859 Joseph 1915–1805 Moses' birth 1526 Exodus 1446 Desert wanderings 1446–1406 Entrance into Canaan 1406 Period of the judges 1375 to 1050–1030

United Monarchy (c. 1050–931) Saul's reign David's reign Solomon's reign

Dates 1050–1030 to 1010 1010–971 971–931

Notes Numerals relating to Saul's age and length of reign are missing in the Hebrew text (see 1 Sam. 13:1)***

Divided Monarchy to Exile (931–586) Event Kingdom divided Syro-Ephraimite war Fall of Samaria (Israel)

Date 931

Historical figures See The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Judah and The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Israel 740–732 Pekah (Israel) and Rezin (Samaria) pressure Jotham and Ahaz (Judah) to join their opposition to Tiglath-pileser III (Assyria) 722 Shalmaneser V (727–722) and Sargon II (722–705) of


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Josiah's reforms Battle of Carchemish Jerusalem attacked

628 605 597

Fall of Jerusalem (Judah) 586

Assyria Daniel and three friends exiled to Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II takes exiles to Babylon including Jehoiachin and Ezekiel Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon

Return from Exile (539–445) Fall of Babylon 1st return of exiles to Jerusalem Temple building begins Temple completed Esther in palace of Xerxes 2nd return of exiles to Jerusalem under Ezra 3rd return of exiles to Jerusalem under Nehemiah

539 538 536 516 478 458 445

Cyrus of Persia (539–530)

Darius I (522–486) Xerxes I/Ahasuerus (485–464) Artaxerxes I (464–423)

*See also Historical Books Timeline; The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Judah and The Divided Kingdom: Kings of Israel. ***Possible dates for the beginning of Saul's reign are calculated based on other data in the OT: e.g., David's age at accession and length of reign (2 Sam. 5:4–5); Ish-bosheth's age when he became king (2 Sam. 2:10); and Jonathan's probable age in relation to both Ish-bosheth and David, presuming that Jonathan was Saul's firstborn son (1 Sam. 14:49; 31:2) and was at least 20 when referred to as a commander of troops early in Saul's reign (1 Sam. 13:2).

Historical Books The “Historical Books” of the OT, which come after the Pentateuch, tell the story of (1) Israel's entry into the Promised Land of Canaan under Joshua; (2) Israel's life in the land under the judges and the transition to kingship; (3) the division of the nation into two rival kingdoms (Israel and Judah) and life in both; (4) the downfall and exile of each kingdom; (5) life in the exile; and (6) Judah's return from exile. These books span close to 1,000 years of history, so it is not surprising that their story includes many ups and downs, twists and turns. Yet, through it all, the God who is the same yesterday, today, and forever remains the focal point of all of these books. The date of Moses' death is calculated by working backward from 1 Kings 6:1, which states that Solomon began to build the temple 480 years after the exodus from Egypt. Comparing the information in 1 Kings with extrabiblical records indicates that the temple building began in 967 or 966 b.c. The date of the exodus, then, would be 1447 or 1446 b.c., and the date of Moses' death, 40 years later, would be 1407 or 1406. The other dates are certain with a high degree of confidence. The story of Esther and Mordecai took place in the time of Ahasuerus (Est. 1:1), who reigned over Persia 484–465 b.c. Note that the northern kingdom of Israel lasted slightly more than 200 years (931–722 b.c.), with 19 kings. All of Israel's kings did evil in the Lord's eyes, and there were several assassinations and changes of ruling family. In contrast, the southern kingdom of Judah lasted almost 350 years (931–586 b.c.), with the same number of kings. Thus, a greater degree of political stability existed in Judah—and, to some degree, spiritual stability, since eight kings in Judah did right in the Lord's eyes. All the kings in this lineage were descended from David, to whom God had promised there would always be a descendant of his line on the throne in 2 Sam. 7:12–16.


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2 Sam 7:12-16 [12] And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. [13] He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever. [14] I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: [15] But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. [16] And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.

The Babylonians attacked Jerusalem in 605, 597, and 586 b.c., capturing the best of Judah's society (e.g., Daniel and his friends were deported in 605) before the final destruction and deportation of 586. From the dates above, it appears as though the exile lasted only 50 years (586–538/537 b.c.), which seems to contradict Jeremiah's prophecy about the return from exile after 70 years (Jer. 25:11; 29:10). However, the round number “70” can be calculated by one of two methods: (a) from the first deportation (605 b.c.) to the first return (538 or 537) yields 68 years; or (b) from the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple (586) to the rebuilding of the temple (516) yields 70 years. Timeline Dates: Exodus – 1445 B.C. Flood – 2025 B.C. Abraham born – 1925 B.C. (lived 125 years) Abraham's death – 1750 B.C. Job lived around the same time Joseph – 1600's Moses birth – 1520 B.C. or 1525 B.C. Ruth – During the time of the judges. The Isrealites were situated so that all were a ½ day's journey from where ever you were in Israel. The ones that were close the land was mountainous, further apart the land was flat. Gilgal – this is were they crossed the Jordan river stopped and reinstituted the Passover and circumcision before they conquered Jericho. Samuel started one of the schools of the prophets. Baal-peor – The prophets refer to this once awhile to refer to their great sin before they went to Canaan. This was a transitional time. We go from the patriarchs to the national period. In Old Testament times God worked through individuals or through family lines. But the national period was the period where God worked through a nation, not directly through families. This national period ended in 586 B.C. when Judah was destroyed by Babylon. The events surrounding this are discussed in Latter Old Testament History. Latter Old Testament is known as the period of the exile and then came the restoration. Middle Old Testament History’s theme is mostly the period of the kings. Samuel oversaw the setting up of the monarchy. Israel and Judah followed the state of the kings. Good or bad (*PO same with the church, study). As mentioned earlier Israel and Judah tended to follow their king. When they had good king, they followed his lead. When they had the bad king, things went bad real fast. During the time of the kings, God had basically established two institutions to lead the people. They were the priesthood and the monarch but both can be corrupted, and destroyed God’s purposes. Both had a tremendous influence, but with Hophi and Phineus. We see the priesthood could become corrupt, and this destroyed the success of God's purposes. When the monarchy and priest became corrupted they enriched themselves at the expenses of the people of God. The priest manipulated the religion and the sanctuary to accomplish this. The king imposed taxes and laws. The Monarchy wasn’t God’s


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idea, nor was it God’s ideal, but the people demanded the monarchy, and God could still accomplish His will, if the king was righteous if not He couldn't. He inspired Moses to predict it would happen and that He would accept it. What alternative does God have if the kings are corrupt and the priests are corrupt? Prophets. When these two institutions became corrupted, God used the institution called prophets. The prophetic office wasn’t an institution in the same sense that monarchy and priesthood was. God could more selective and choose the right person to command His people and lead in reform. In this period of the kings, the prophets were God’s most accurate indicators of His will and His way. The prophets called by God were just about always faithful, with few exceptions such as Balaam and Jonah. . The kings were mostly double-minded, and the prophets are just about always faithful. Priests could be double-minded also. A prophet is a better solution than another organization. In American history, management oppressed labor in the past, working for nothing, no safety, etc. So labor organized as a force to reform management. And this brought it to another extreme like inflation. Organizing institutions reform another, and in the end there is no reform. There were six places near Israel known as the cities of refuge. The cities were Bezer, Hebron, Shechem, Kedesh, Golon, and Ramoth. These were situated so that they were half a day journey from anywhere in Israel. They don’t look evenly close in the map, but it’s because where they are apart, the land is more flat, and where they are close together, it’s more of a mountain area. 1 Sam 3:20 And all Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the LORD.

On the map 1, Dan was the farthest city south of Israel, while Beersheba is north of Israel. That’s common expression basically saying “all the cities of Israel.” On the map 3, there are two major areas that strong nations merged from periodically. Egypt and the Mesopotamian river valley. an to Beersheba. Dan was fartherest to the North. Beersheba fartherest to the South. It means all of Israel. Egypt in ancient times, during Abraham and even before Abraham’s time, were very powerful. During the time of Moses, Egypt controlled the land all the way up to the ???river. When the Israelites came out of Egypt, they were just moving into another area that Egypt already had control. In fact, there are archaeological facts that different kings in Canaan appealing to Egypt for help that “heburus” are coming. During the time of the judges, Egypt continued to decline. So during the invasion of Joshua, Egypt couldn’t come up and give much help, however, there were a couple cities along the coast that were Egyptian garrisons. The Plain of Esdraelon was the Egyptian’s army base, and they maintained that army base all through the time of the Judges. However because Egypt was so weak at time, that’s about all they could do. The time in which they could go out and control had passed. Before Abraham’s time, there was also a group of people (probably from the Asian sea area) that came and settled on the coast area. These were the early Philistines during the time of Abraham. At that time, they were so weak that they feared family of Abraham and wanted to be allies with their family. But in the time of Samuel, they became much stronger. Waves of people migrated from Asian sea during the time of the Exodus, wiping out the Hittite Empire from history, they even tried to invade Egypt, but Egypt repelled them. Most of them went back to their native land, but some people stayed where the early Philistines villages were. So suddenly from the small villages, they became a strong nation. The Philistines were 5 city-states that were in alliance, therefore Samuel, Samson and David had content with them. They migrated from the Aegean sea area. In the time of Samuel they were strong.


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Now let’s discuss the Mesopotamian River Valley. Several different empires, not real big one, had controlled Mesopotamia, even before Abram came around. The area was in hand of different kingdoms like: Assumer, Samarian Empire, Akkanian, The Early Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi and later under Nebuchadnezzar the Babylonian Empire of hundreds years later was known as the Neo- Babylonian empire. Neo simply means second. Once the Hittites became strong on the southwestern part, they moved into the Mesopotamian valley, but the “sea people” the Philistines moved in, and almost destroyed the Hittite Empire completely (they never recovered), and the Assyrians in the Mesopotamian valley became stronger and stronger that they eventually came down to Israel and even to the Egypt. The Assyrians were more related to the early Babylonians of Hammurabi. Assyria had became stronger and conquered Israel and all of Judah and controlled some of Egypt. The Assyrians were related to the original Babylonian's of Homboradi's empire. Nebuchadnezzar came later with the second empire of Babylonians and conquered Assyria, The second group of Babylonians, who conquered this Assyrians later on, were actually Chaldeans. Because Babylon was their main city there, they acquired the name Babylon as well, even though they were different race than original Babylonians. Thus God put Israel right between these two advanced civilized areas. God placed His people right in the middle of all these regions. Why? Israel was on the trade route between Egypt and Mesopotamia known as the Fertile Crescent. Since all the areas were desert, all those who traveled between those two countries went through Israel. So, it was great place to be, because if they were faithful to God and ready to share to the people God would protect them. However it was not a good place to be if you were not faithful to God, because they were in between two great powers. As a result of their unfaithfulness, Israel tended to be kicked back and forth between those two powers. On the south, the Philistines although not a major world power, were enemies of Israel. To the North, Syria (not Assyria, it’s between them) constantly invaded Israel. During the time of Elisha they came looking for him. They surrounded the city of Dothan. Namaan the leper was a Syria. The land of Dan, Manasseh, Naphtali were given to the Syrians because the Israelites were not faithful. Elijah and Elisha were trying to reform the nation before nothing was left. Note: The land that God promised them was to go from Euprates to the river of Egypt..

Historical Books Timeline 1406 b.c. 1375 1375–1055 1050/42/30– 1010 1010–971 971–931 931–722 722 931–586 586 586–538 561 539 538 516 478

Moses' death; Israel's entry into Canaan under Joshua [See The Date of the Exodus] Joshua's death Period of the judges Saul's reign David's reign Solomon's reign Divided kingdom (Israel)—19 kings Destruction of Samaria (Israel's capital) by Assyria; Israel's resettlement Divided kingdom (Judah)—19 kings, 1 queen Destruction of Jerusalem and temple by Babylon; Judah exiled to Babylon Judah's exile in Babylon Release of King Jehoiachin from prison in Babylon Cyrus II of Persia captures Babylon First return of Jews to Jerusalem under Jeshua and Zerubbabel Temple rebuilding completed Esther and Mordecai rise in the Persian court


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458 445 445–??? 433

Ezra's return to Jerusalem from Babylon Nehemiah's return to Jerusalem from Babylon Walls of Jerusalem rebuilt Nehemiah's visit to Babylon and return to Jerusalem

Prophetic Books Introduction Mesopotamian texts indicate that long before Israel entered Canaan, other countries had prophets. These texts from Israel's neighbors indicate that their prophets claimed to intercede for people to the gods, speak for the gods, criticize the people's moral and ethical deficiencies on behalf of the gods, predict future events through special knowledge given by the gods, and denounce enemies by the power of the gods. Though the Bible asserts belief in one God, not many gods, it basically portrays Israel's prophets fulfilling the same tasks. This is not surprising if the idea of a “prophet” was of a person who spoke for a god to the people. The OT includes three basic terms for the concept of “prophet,” two of which have a similar connotation. First, on a few occasions the OT uses the terms hozeh or ro’eh. The former means “visionary,” while the latter means “seer.” These words imply that prophets were people who could “envision” or “see” things others could not. They could “see” or “envision” details about the present as well as what God wanted in the future. For example, Saul expected the “seer” Samuel to know where some lost donkeys had gone (1 Sam. 9:1–10). Samuel could indeed “see” where the donkeys had gone, but he could also “see” that God had chosen Saul to rule Israel (1 Sam. 9:15–17). Saul expected to pay the “seer” something for his trouble. Such expectations and the greed of some individuals calling themselves prophets eventually led people to think that all seers were after money (see Amos 7:12). Second, the OT most commonly uses the word nabi’ for “prophet.” The origins of this word are uncertain; perhaps it comes from a root that means “to announce,” which could imply that a prophet was one who announced or declared vital information. In any event the prophet serves as a spokesman: in Exodus 7:1 Moses will be like God to Pharaoh, while Aaron will be his prophet (i.e., his spokesman). Indeed, Israelite prophets claimed to declare the words of Yahweh, the God of Israel, while in other lands the prophets claimed to speak the words of other gods. Since so many prophets were active and were declaring conflicting messages, people had to determine who actually spoke for God and who was a false prophet. The prophets addressed both future and present issues, with present issues often being the overwhelming concern of their messages. They did announce future events, such as the Messiah's coming and the final day of judgment, but typically they declared how God's people should live in light of their covenant with God (see below).

The Prophets in Israel's History The Bible indicates that prophets who served the one true living God existed well before the careers of the writing prophets. Abraham (as early as 2000 b.c.), Moses (as early as 1450), Samuel (c. 1050– 1010), Nathan (c. 1010–970), Elijah and Elisha (c. 860–850), and Huldah (627) are but a few of the persons whom Genesis–Psalms calls prophets. Through Moses, God revealed his standards for prophets. According to Deuteronomy 13:1–11, Israel's prophets must never teach the people to serve any other god but Yahweh. Even if a prophet can perform signs and wonders, the people must not follow him if he advocates serving other gods. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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In Deuteronomy 18:9–22 Moses adds that other nations will have prophets who tell the future and communicate with spirits (Deut. 18:9–14); in contrast, God will put his own words in his prophets' mouths (Deut. 18:18). Further, a prophet can show that he has God's authorization by speaking the truth about future events (Deut. 18:21–22). Israel must wait for the perfect prophet whom God will send (see Acts 3:22–23). As they wait, they must obey prophets who proclaim faithfulness to God's covenant with Israel and whose predictions come true every time. Any prophet failing to meet these standards does not speak for God. It is important to recognize that the prophets were not the regular teachers of God's word—that was the priests' calling (Deut. 33:10). Rather, God raised up prophets for particular times in the OT story (which is why their “calls” were so important, as in Isaiah 6). The first Prophetic Books originated in the eighth century b.c. These books came about during the decline of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the rise of Assyria as a world power. Eventually Assyria destroyed Israel in 722 b.c., leaving only Judah as a remnant of David's kingdom. Hosea, Amos, and Jonah all ministered at mid-century (760–745 b.c.). Hosea and Amos decried social injustice fueled by covenantal disobedience and warned the covenant people and the nations of a future “day of the Lord,” a day of judgment for their sins. Jonah reluctantly preached to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, before Assyria became a dominant, oppressing nation. Isaiah, the greatest prophet of this era, shared his predecessors' concerns for sin and judgment and wrote some of the Bible's richest promises of a future Savior and his kingdom. Isaiah's book contains decades of writing (c. 745–690 b.c.). Micah ministered near the end of the century (overlapping with Isaiah), rebuking Judah for personal and societal sins and (like Isaiah) predicting God's victory over Assyria during the Sennacherib crisis of 701 b.c. (see 2 Kings 18–19). Micah promised that a leader born in Bethlehem would defeat God's enemies (Mic. 5:1–5; see Matt. 2:1–12). Seventh-century b.c. prophets wrote against the background of the continuing power and ultimate demise of Assyria, which by 612 b.c. had lost its place as the world's greatest power to Babylon. These prophets pressed God's claims on the chosen people, especially the standards of the Mosaic covenant. Zephaniah (c. 640–609 b.c.) denounced Judah's worship of other gods, warned of judgment, and promised renewal beyond judgment. Nahum (c. 660–630 b.c.) announced the end of Assyria's tyranny, and Habakkuk (c. 640–609) explored the ways of God in the days leading up to Babylon's capturing of Judah. Of course, Jeremiah also worked during this century and well into the next. He declared God's word of repentance to Judah for at least 40 years (627–587 b.c.; Jer. 1:1–3), decades that spanned from the period when Judah still had time to change its ways and avoid punishment, to the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon in 587 and the subsequent exiling of the people. He repeatedly preached repentance, yet his most famous words are the promise of a future new covenant with the house of Israel (Jer. 31:31–34; see Heb. 8:8–12). Sixth-century b.c. prophets lived under the shadow of exile. A few of them also lived during the shifting of world domination from Babylon to Persia, which occurred in 538 b.c. Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 b.c. He worked there until at least 536 b.c. Ezekiel joined the exiles in Babylon in 597 b.c., where he wrote accounts of visions he received during 593–571. Both of these exiles envisioned perilous times and future days of glory for God's people. Obadiah witnessed the terrors of Babylon's invasion of Judah in 587 b.c. Haggai and Zechariah were among the people allowed to return to Jerusalem from Persia in 520–516 b.c. They participated in the rebuilding of the temple and looked forward to future glory for God's people under the Messiah's leadership. Malachi served during the fifth century b.c. A contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah (c. 460–425 b.c.), he experienced the problems associated with rebuilding Jerusalem and restoring faithful worship and covenantal obedience. Malachi identified flaws in the returned exiles' commitment to God, such http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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as insincere worship, the failure of the priests to teach God's Word, and marital infidelity (Mal. 1:6– 2:16). He also predicted the coming of a new Elijah and the Messiah (Mal. 4:5–6). The book of Joel probably comes from this period as well, as it makes no mention of a king in Judah. Joel calls the people to repentance at a time of national calamity (a locust plague).

Prophetic Books Little is known about the Prophetic Books' composition and preservation, though some helpful information may be gleaned from the biblical text. For example, Isaiah had disciples who were able to preserve his words (Isa. 8:16), and Jeremiah's disciple Baruch was a scribe who wrote down some of the prophet's messages (Jer. 36:1–32). Many prophets were probably able to write their own words (Isa. 8:1–2; Jer. 1:4–19) since literacy was fairly widespread. The prophets' words were originally copied on papyrus or leather scrolls that were passed on to future generations by persons who valued them (Jer. 36:1–4). Several such books existed at one time, for the author of 1–2 Chronicles reports sources composed by or about prophets (1 Chron. 29:29; 2 Chron. 9:29; 26:22). By Jeremiah's time the prophecy of Micah had been handed down and was considered authoritative (Jer. 26:13, quoting Mic. 3:12). Many types of literature appear in the Prophetic Books. There are narratives detailing what the prophets did and the circumstances in which they received and delivered their messages. There are also sermons, extended poems, dialogues between God and prophets, and visionary experiences. All of these forms reveal the great themes noted in the next section, and these themes provide the books' plot (or story line) and major characters.

Activity of the Writing Prophets during the Reigns of the Kings of Israel and Judah Timeline

King of Judah // Event

Prophet to Judah

Prophet to Israel

780 b.c. 770 760

Uzziah

(c. 760) Amos

(Azariah) (767– 740)

750

(c. 760) Jonah (c. 755) Hosea

Jotham


King of Israel // Event Jeroboam II (781– 753)

Zechariah (753– 752) Shallum (752) Menahem (752– 742) 8

(750– 735)

Micah (c. 742)

Isaiah (c. 740)

740 Ahaz (735–715) 730 720 710 700 680 660 640 620 600

Pekahiah (742– 740) Pekah (740– 732) Hoshea (732– 722) Fall of Samaria (722)

Hezekiah (715– 686) Manasseh (686– 642) Amon (642–640) Josiah (640–609)

Jehoahaz (609) Jehoiakim (609– 597) Jehoiachin (597) Zedekiah (597– 586) Fall of Jerusalem (586)

Nahum (c. 660–630) Zephaniah (c. 640–609) Habakkuk (c. 640–609) (c. 627) Jeremiah (c. 605) Daniel

(c. 597) Ezekiel

Obadiah (after 586)

580 560 540 520

500 480 460 440



1st return of exiles (538) Temple rebuilt (516/515)

Haggai (c. 520)

2nd return of exiles (458) 3rd return of exiles (445)

Malachi (c. 460)

Zechariah (c. 520)

Major prophets


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

Minor prophets

Joel is not displayed as the dates are uncertain and estimates range from the 9th to the 4th centuries b.c. Micah's prophecy was likely directed toward both Judah and Israel.


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Outline of Middle Old Testament History 





1 Samuel 1-7 = Samuel the first Judge of Israel o

1 Samuel 3 = Prophetic Call of Samuel

o

1 Samuel 4-6 = The ark of the covenant taken and recovered from the Philistines

o

1 Samuel 7 = Philistines defeated in Mizpah

1 Samuel 8-15 = Establishment of the Hebrew Monarchy o

1 Samuel 8 = The Israelites ask for a king

o

1 Samuel 9-11 = Saul established as king in Jabesh Gilead

o

1 Samuel 13-15 = Saul is rejected 

1 Samuel 13 = Presumption at Gilgal



1 Samuel 14 = Killing Jonathan



1 Samuel 15 = Not killing the Amalekites and spearing the king

1 Samuel 16 – 2 Samuel 1 & 1 Chronicles 11-20 = Selection & Training of David o

1 Samuel 16 = Anointing of David & Evil spirit comes to Saul

o

1 Samuel 17 = David slays Goliath

o



Psalm 8



Psalm 19

1 Samuel 18-27 = King Saul's pursuit of David the fugitive 

1 Samuel 19 = David’s house surrounded 









Psalm 59 = Saul sends men to watch David’s house in order to kill him

1 Samuel 21 = David’s 3 mistakes: Deceives Priest, Fled to enemies, and was a fool 

Psalm 56 = David seized by Achish (the Philistines)



Psalm 34 = David escapes from Achish (Abimelech)

1 Samuel 22 = Priests slain in Hebron & David hides in cave, builds a band of man 

Psalm 52 = Doeg the Edomite tells Saul where David went



Psalm 57 & 142 = David feels from Saul into a cave

1 Samuel 23 = David betrayed by Ziphities 

Psalm 100



Psalm 54

1 Samuel 25 = Wilderness of Paran 

Psalm 120



Psalm 121


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



o

1 Chronicles 1-9 = Genealogies

o

1 Samuel 28 = Saul visit's to the witch of Endor (Seal on Saul’s life)

o

1 Samuel 31 & 1 Chronicles 10 = Philistines defeat Israel & Death of Saul and his sons

2 Samuel 2-10 & 1 Chronicles 1 = David Establishes His Kingdom o

2 Samuel 2-4 = King of Judah in Hebron (Seven Year Period) 

2 Samuel 5 & 1 Chronicles 11 = David is chosen as King of all Israel & Judah

o

2 Samuel 6 & 1 Chronicles 13, 15, 16 = Ark brought to Jerusalem & Death of Uzziah Psalm 24

o

2 Samuel 7 & 1 Chronicles 17 = David's covenant (promise of his throne being established)

o

2 Samuel 8 & 10 & 1 Chronicles 18-19 = Israel defeats Philistines, Moab, Zaba, Amalek, Edom & Ammon 

Psalm 60 = Victory over Transjordan



2 Samuel 10 = Promise to Abraham is fulfilled

2 Samuel 11 & 12 = David's Sin & Repentance o

2 Samuel 11 = Adultery & murder

o

2 Samuel 12 = Repentance & Death of first born child 



2 Samuel 2 = Ish–bosheth (son of Saul) made king of Israael (Two Year Period)

o





Psalm 141

Psalm 51

2 Samuel 13-24 = Troubles in David's Family & kingdom (Zdoar becomes new high-priest after Byarth is removed) o

2 Samuel 13-19 = Story of Absolam & Rebellion 

Psalm 3, 63

o

2 Samuel 20 = Sheba's rebellion

o

2 Samuel 22 = Victory over all enemies 

Psalm 18 = David delivered from Saul

o

2 Samuel 23:1-5 & 1 Chronicles 1-8 =

o

2 Samuel 24 & 1 Chronicles 24 = The counting of Israel & Pestilence (800,000 Israel + 500,000 Judah = 1.3 million)

Outline for 1st and 2nd Kings 

1 Kings 1-2 & 1 Chronicles 22-29 = The end of David's Reign (Includes preparation for the temple) o

[This is also a continuation in number. Number 1 would be 7 and 2 would be 8.


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section 9 would be about the divided kingdom.] o

1 Kings 1 = Adonijah seeks the throne

o

1 Kings 2 = Death of David & Solomon becomes king 



1 Chronicles 22, 28 & 29 = Include Solomon's charge & Coronation

1 Kings 2-11 & 2 Chronicles 1-9 = Reign of Solomon o

1 Kings 3-4 & 2 Chronicles 1- Solomon's wisdom

o

1 Kings 5-7 & 2 Chronicles 2-4 = Building of the temple

o

1 Kings 8 & 2 Chronicles 5-7 = Dedication of the temple 

Psalm 30



(Chronicles left out most of the bad things except the numbering of Israel, but anything that had to deal with the coming Messiah and temple, Chronicles writes a lot about it. Because the chronicle was writing to the people who was coming out of the captivity who needed to focus on the promises of God, and He will still keep them if they will be faithful. That's why there's a lot of emphasis on temple, there was none. They had to rebuild it.)

o

1 Kings 10 & 2 Chronicles 9 = Visit from the Queen of Sheba

o

1 Kings 11 & 2 Chronicles 9:29-31 = Solomon's Apostasy & Death

o



(Solomon's apostasy left out in 2 Chron 9:29-31.)



Note: Saul, David, and Solomon all reigned for 40 years. The number 40 in the Bible has a connection with probation (it rained 40 days and nights). 40 x's 3 = 120. This is how long Noah preached to the Antediluvians. Nineveh was given 40 days. (This has something to do with God giving man to prove himself. Study out!)

1 Kings 12 = Renting of the Kingdom


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1st Samuel Introduction What event is the central act of God in the Old Testament, especially the Early? What two era's in Israel's government did Samuel oversee the transition? Judges and Kings What political change hindered Israel's unity and power after Solomon? Split of the kingdom What is the approximate date for the time of Samuel? Transition between Early and Middle OT? 1050 B.C. What spiritual gift did Hanna receive? The Gift of prophecy How was Eli an idolater? He placed his sons above God. Samuel – Middle Old Testament begins with Samuel who was the last judge. We start around 1100 B.C. Samuel was the most effective judge. Out of all the judges, Moses left a great legacy to look back on. Christ is the central character of the OT, but Moses was one who He worked through. During the time of Jesus the people mentioned Abraham often, who left a continual legacy. Abraham was the father and Moses was the leader. In human terms we cannot see a more accomplished human on the face of the earth besides Moses, besides Jesus. In OT times Samuel was looked upon as very important in Israel's history. Samuel was compared to Moses. Samuel was a priest and prophet and a judge. He was more diversified in his leadership than anybody since Moses' time. Joshua wasn't a prophet and a priest. He was just a judge. Moses wasn't a priest in his actual function, that was passed on to his brother's descendents, but he was above all of that because he was the one who interceded for Israel in actuality even though he didn't put on the robes. He was also a judge and king, and we know he was a prophet. Moses was a prophet, priest, and king type of figure, and Samuel is similar to that. (Statements: that show the comparison. He wasn't called to do something as great as Moses, but his spiritual leadership was similar to Moses.) (*PO Samuel was a priest, prophet, and judge. Look at similarities of the glory leaving Israel and it being brought back with Jesus.) Saul – He began to reign around 1050 B.C. He didn't do well as a king David – He began to reign around 1010 B.C. David conquered many plains. Review: God gave a covenant promise that covered 3 aspects: I'll make you a great nation. I will give you a land. You will be a blessing to the families of the earth. Moses fulfilled the part about the people being a great nation. His leadership brought out the people, a great nation. Joshua partially fulfilled the part about the land. Under his leadership they conquered a large segment of Canaan. Under King David the fulfillment of Gen 15 which said their land would go all the way to the Euphrates and down to Egypt, came to pass, and Solomon inherited that. Solomon – He began to reign in 970 B.C. He went into Apostasy. At the end of His reign Rehoboam http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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took the throne and lost control of the Northern 10 tribes. The split happened in 931 B.C.  Israel – 10 Northern Kingdoms o Jeroboam  Took the 10 Northern tribes and immediately went into apostasy. Baal worship. o They never had a king that fully followed God. o Ahab – a revival happened because of Elijah. The people responded for a little while.  Elisha o In 722 B.C. they (The Assyrian Empire) completely annihilated the northern kingdom. Hezekiah was threatened in the south. At this time Hezekiah, Micah and Isaiah all co-operated together. o In 701 B.C. this is when the Assyrian Empire had their Palestinian campaign. They conquered every city except Jerusalem. This was their most devastating campaign out of all the ones they had. This was the incident when the angel came and slew 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. Then the Ambassadors came to find out the secret of his strength. He missed the most important point in the history of the world to witness. o Manasseh who reigned for 55 years caused a spiritual downfall.  Judah – Southern Kingdoms o Rehoboam  He was humbled. o They had good and bad kings and the people followed the kings. o Jehosophat followed God. o Two revivals happened in Judah: Hezekiah and Josiah o Josiah was the last revival in 620 B.C. – this is where the Middle Old Testament history ends. o Judah was destroyed after his time by Babylon. Assyria was off the scene. Then in Latter Old Testament history we get into Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel. o In Middle Old Testament We are covering from the time of Samuel to Josiah. 1100 B.C. to 620 B.C. Not even 500 years.

Author and Title The Hebrew title “Samuel” refers to Samuel as the key figure in 1–2 Samuel, the one who established the monarchy in Israel by anointing first Saul and then David; Samuel was the kingmaker in the history of ancient Israel. In the Hebrew Bible, the first and second books of Samuel are counted among the “Former Prophets” (Joshua–2 Kings). The Greek translation, the Septuagint, divides Samuel and Kings into the four “Books of Kingdoms”; thus 1–2 Samuel are 1–2 Kingdoms. In the Latin Vulgate and Douay Bible they are called 1–2 Kings. The author or authors of 1–2 Samuel are not known. 1 Chronicles 29:29–30 implies that Samuel (or perhaps his disciples) left written records, but because his death is mentioned in 1 Samuel 25, he could not have written most of Samuel.

Date First and Second Samuel seem to have been composed and edited in several stages. The “Story of the Ark of God” (1 Sam. 4:1–7:1) could have originated very early—even from a pre-Davidic period, since 2 Samuel 6 is not foreshadowed in the ark narrative and the name of the town where the ark remained is different in the two narratives. This “Story of the Ark” was embedded in a larger unit, the “Story of Samuel” (1 Sam. 1:1–7:17). It is possible that this story, and the following transitional chapter on the “Rights of the King” (1 Sam. 8:11–18), came from the earlier time of Samuel's ministry, while the “Story of Saul” (1 Samuel 9–15) originated during a later time of Samuel's era. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Sections such as the “Story of Saul and David” (1 Samuel 16–31) and the “Story of King David” (2 Samuel 1–20) must have been composed later, during King David's time, or within a generation or two after David. First Samuel 27:6 states, “Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.” The final editing of 1–2 Samuel, except perhaps for some minor adjustments, must have been done during the late tenth century b.c., i.e., the early period of the reign of Rehoboam, king of Judah alone. Before that period the writer would have said “kings of Israel.” Furthermore, the Ziklag area was captured by Egypt during Shishak's campaign in 925 b.c. The period within a generation or two after the death of the founder of a dynasty is certainly a reasonable time for an official historian to write his history. There is no reason to think that many generations must have passed before the history of David was written down.

Theme The central theme of the books of Samuel is God's exercising of his cosmic kingship by inaugurating a Davidic dynasty (“house”) in Israel (2 Samuel 7; Psalm 89), not a Saulide one (1 Sam. 13:13–14; 15:28), and by electing the holy city Zion (Jerusalem; 2 Samuel 6; Psalm 132) as the place where David's successor will establish the temple (“house”) for the worship of the divine King Yahweh (see 2 Sam. 24:18). The Davidic “covenant” (2 Samuel 7; Ps. 89:3) entitled Matthew to put David at the center of the genealogical history of the divine plan of salvation (Matt. 1:1).

Events of 1 Samuel Referenced in the Psalms 1 Samuel 19:11 21:10–11 21:12–22:1 22:1 (possibly also 24:3) 22:9–19 23:14–15 (possibly) 23:19

Incident David's house surrounded David seized by Achish David escapes from Achish (called Abimelech in Psalm 34 title) David in cave Doeg the Edomite Desert of Judah David betrayed by Ziphites

Psalm 59 56 34 57; 142 52 63 54

Purpose, Occasion, and Background The purpose of the book of 1 Samuel is to highlight two major events: first, the establishment of the monarchy in Israel (chs. 8–12); and second, the preparation of David to sit on the royal throne after Saul (chs. 16–31). Saul was rejected by the Lord in favor of David (chs. 15–16) even though, humanly speaking, he stayed on the throne until his death at Mount Gilboa (ch. 31). Later, in 2 Samuel 7, God promises David and his house an eternal dynasty. In these two central events the role of the prophet Samuel was very important because he had anointed first Saul, then David, as king over the covenant people. The book of 1 Samuel establishes the principle that the king in Israel is to be subject to the word of God as conveyed through his prophets. In other words, obedience to the word of God is the necessary condition for a king to be acceptable to the God of Israel. This is what Jesus the Messiah-King did in his life of obedience to God the Father, even up to the “death of the cross” (Phil. 2:8). First and Second Samuel deal with a transitional period in the history of ancient Israel—the transition first from the priest Eli to the judge Samuel, then from the judge Samuel to the king Saul, and then from Saul to David, who founded the dynasty that would last as long as the kingdom of Judah. The prophet Samuel thus functions as the link between the judgeship and the kingship. The kingdom of Saul was transitional in a further sense: it was more than a loose http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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confederation that gathered together when there was a common threat, but it was not a period of strong central rule such as existed later. The story of the rise of David in the second half of 1 Samuel prepares for the full-scale kingship of David in 2 Samuel.

Key Themes The themes of 1 Samuel are the kingship of God, his providential guidance, and his sovereign will and power. 1. God's kingship. God is the King of the universe; no human king can assume kingship except as a deputy of the divine King. God has been enthroned as King from eternity. This view is expressed in the Bible as early as Exodus 15:18: “The Lord will reign forever and ever.” The first occurrence of the word “king” in 1–2 Samuel is in the Song of Hannah (1 Sam. 2:10). Though the Lord is not explicitly described as King here, it is implied in the statement that he is the One who judges “the ends of the earth” (cf. Ps. 96:10). In this verse Hannah expresses her conviction that this King, the Lord, is the One who gives power to his human deputy (the “king”) and lifts up the “power of his anointed.”According to Genesis, all human beings were created as “royal” figures in the image of God. Hence, humans are deputies who rule and control other creatures for the sake of the King of the universe. So when God allowed the people of Israel to have a human king (1 Sam. 8:6–9), he gave them a king only as God's earthly vice-regent or deputy, who is responsible to the Lord for his actions and subject to his commands (see esp. 1 Sam. 12:14; 2 Sam. 12:9). The Lord's holy sovereignty is expressed also in his title “the Lord of hosts, who is enthroned on the cherubim” (1 Sam. 4:4). As in other places in the Bible, he is clearly seen as controlling events not only in Israel, the land of his covenant people, but outside Israel too, especially in Philistia (1 Sam. 4:1–6:21; 23:27; 29:4; see also Amos 9:7). 2. God's providential guidance. Romans 8:28 summarizes well what the author of 1 Samuel meant to convey to his readers: “And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.” God is certainly the One who providentially and individually guided the lives of chosen individuals such as Hannah, Samuel, and David; even the life of Saul was in God's providential care (see 1 Sam. 9:16). The course of life is different for each individual, but the same God, not “Fate,” consistently and graciously guides one's life. Though it is often not recognized by his human agents, God's timing is always perfect (see 1 Samuel 9 and the end of 1 Samuel 23), for he is the Lord of history. God's saving plan is fulfilled in the ongoing day-today lives of human beings. For example, Hannah's difficult relationship with Peninnah leads to the birth of Samuel (1 Samuel 1); Saul's donkey-searching journey leads to the encounter with the prophet Samuel (1 Samuel 9); David's chore of bringing food to his brothers enables him to see Goliath (1 Samuel 17). Ordinary situations are the most meaningful in human life, and it is in these that God “works for good.” Later, in 2 Samuel 7, God uses King David's earnest desire to build a house for the Lord to indwell as an occasion to further his plan of salvation by choosing David's line to be that of the Messiah-King who would sit on the throne of David forever. In 2 Samuel 7:16 God says to David, “And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.” In other words, Yahweh, King of the universe, promises David that he will establish David's house (i.e., his dynasty) as eternal. Thus, this promise to, or “covenant” with (see Ps. 89:3), David was a turning point in the outworking of God's saving purposes. 3. God's sovereign will and power. As Hannah phrases it, God is the all-knowing God, “a God of knowledge” (1 Sam. 2:3b), and he chooses or rejects people according to his absolute sovereign will and purpose. From a human perspective it sometimes looks as though God has changed his mind, but God “will not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that he should repent.” (1 Sam. 15:29). To be http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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sure, the Lord as the sovereign deity may change his way of dealing with individuals according to his plan and purpose. But his decision is always just and right; at the same time, he is merciful and gracious to sinful human beings.Therefore, obedience to God's word is of prime importance in human life. First and Second Samuel provide many examples of the importance of listening to the word of God. The boy Samuel listens to the word of God (1 Samuel 3), but Saul fails here, rejecting God's commandment (1 Samuel 13; 15). David fights bravely with Goliath for the honor of God’s name (1 Samuel 17) but later fails to keep the commandments, committing adultery and murder (2 Samuel 11). God gives David a second chance by sending the prophet Nathan (2 Samuel 12), while Saul is finally refused a chance to repent (1 Samuel 15). Only God's grace upholds human beings, who are sinful in nature, before the holy God. “Who is able to stand before this holy LORD God?” (1 Sam. 6:20)—these words of the men of Bethshemesh well express human reality, though their understanding of God's “holiness” was not adequate (see Leviticus 19). Only the God-given way of approaching him through sacrifice can prepare sinful human beings to come closer to the holy God.God spontaneously reveals His will in words, and his word through the prophets determines events. But not every detail is revealed to the eyes of human beings (e.g., 1 Sam. 3:1–21; 9:15–21; 16:1–13). Believers can only wait on God, who will do his will according to his own purpose. For fighting God's battle against his enemies, Jonathan (1 Sam. 14:6) and David (1 Sam. 17:45–47) called on God's power. God uses human urges and enthusiasms for his honor—often in a way that seems to defy common sense. God is the One who works wonders and uses even his enemies (Philistine kings, Achish, etc.) to fulfill his plan and purpose. Thus, humanly impossible agendas become divinely possible, encouraging believers to put their faith in the One who is sovereign over the entire creation. The story of 1–2 Samuel begins with Samuel and ends with David, framing the problematic figure of Saul. These three are certainly central figures in the history of the kingdom of God. Their lives illustrate many biblical themes. In God's dealings with Saul and David, one might see God's justice and his mercy, respectively; according to the NT, both qualities find their ultimate expression in the person of Jesus Christ, who died on the cross.

Distinctive Features The Setting of 1 Samuel c. 1050 b.c. The book of 1 Samuel is set in Israel during the time of transition between the period of the judges and the period of the monarchy. It opens with Samuel's birth and then describes his role as judge over Israel. When the people ask for a king, the Lord instructs Samuel to anoint Saul as Israel's first king.

History of Salvation Summary The period of the Judges shows the serious problems Israel had, both in its leadership and among the people as a whole. The books of Samuel show God's continued care for his people, in raising up for them a king whose job was to be their champion, representative, and example. Saul, by his disobedience to God's messenger, proves to be an unsuitable king. David, on the other hand, in spite of his moral failures, is God's choice to be the beginning of an enduring dynasty, from which the ultimate Ruler, who will lead Israel in bringing blessing to all the nations, will arise.


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Outline 1. The Story of Samuel (1:1–7:17) 1. Rise of Samuel as prophet (1:1–4:1a) 1. Birth and dedication of Samuel (1:1–28) 2. Hannah's song (2:1–10) 3. Samuel, and Eli's two sons (2:11–36) 4. Call of Samuel as a prophet (3:1–4:1a) 2. Story of the ark of God (4:1b–7:1) 1. Capture of the ark (4:1b–22) 2. The ark in Philistia (5:1–12) 3. Return of the ark (6:1–7:1) 3. Judgeship of Samuel (7:2–17) 2. Transition to the Monarchy (8:1–22) 3. The Story of Saul (9:1–15:35) 1. Saul made king (9:1–11:15) 1. Saul's meeting with Samuel (9:1–27) 2. Anointing of Saul and his election (10:1–27) 3. Making Saul king (11:1–15) 2. Samuel's address to Israel (12:1–25) 3. Reign of Saul (13:1–15:35) 1. Saul and the Philistines—first rejection of Saul (13:1–23) 2. Saul and Jonathan (14:1–52) 3. Saul and the Amalekites—second rejection of Saul (15:1–35) 4. The Story of Saul and David (16:1–31:13) 1. Introduction of David (16:1–23) 1. Anointing of David (16:1–13) 2. David at Saul's court (16:14–23) 2. David and Goliath: battle at the Valley of Elah (17:1–54) 3. Saul, Jonathan, and David (17:55–18:5) 4. Saul becomes David's enemy (18:6–30) 5. Saul's attempts to kill David (19:1–20:42) 6. David's escapes from Saul (21:1–26:25) 1. David's escapes (21:1–23:29) 2. David spares Saul at Engedi (24:1–25:1) 3. David marries Abigail (25:2–44) 4. David spares Saul at the hill of Hachilah (26:1–25) 7. David in Philistia (27:1–30:31) 1. David and Achish (27:1–12) 2. The Philistines gather for war (28:1–2) 3. The medium of En-dor (28:3–25) 4. The Philistine rulers reject David (29:1–11) 5. Amalekite raid on Ziklag and David's victory (30:1–31) 8. Deaths of Saul and Jonathan (31:1–13)


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Chapter 1 – The Birth & Dedication of Samuel Elkanah was a Levite, married another wife due to the need of a son. His new wife’s name was Peninnah; jealous, pride; same as Hagai. Hannah was a godly women. Elkanah loved Hannah more. What if Hannah had have pleaded with God before the second wife came along. We also learn about Belial; the two sons of Eli are called Belial. God was preparing the nation for a deliverer. The birth of Samuel asked of God.” Samuel was dedicated for his whole life for the work of the temple. Sermon: 'Contrast Glory' Homework: Memory Text 1 Samuel 16:7 (2nd part). 1 Samuel 17 goes with Ps 8, 19 they were written by David. 1:1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: 1:2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. 1:3 And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. 1:4 And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions: 1:5 But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb. 1:6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. 1:7 And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of the LORD, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat. 1:8 Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons? 1:9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the LORD. 1:10 And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the LORD, and wept sore. 1:11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the LORD all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head. 1:12 And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the LORD, that Eli marked her mouth. 1:13 Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken. 1:14 And Eli said unto her, How long wilt thou be drunken? put away thy wine from thee.


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1:15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the LORD. 1:16 Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto. 1:17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him. 1:18 And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight. So the woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad. 1:19 And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her. 1:20 Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD. 1:21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow. 1:22 But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever. 1:23 And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him. 1:24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him unto the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young.

In verses 24 to 28 we see here that she brought Samuel to the temple. It required great faith considering the state that the sons of Eli were in. We should keep in mind the fact that Elkanah was a Levite, and he should have had a chance to have a part in the care of the temple, but he wasn’t needed. The people were not supporting the temple with their tithes and offerings. There was nothing for him, so he had to find his own work. We saw this in the book of Judges. When the people were deprived they involved the Levites. It was important to the Levites that the people were faithful, if not they had to work. (PO: This shows that if ministers of the gospel aren’t faithful they indirectly may be causing someone to be put out of ministerial work, because of lack of tithe. If the people see a faithful minister and they pay tithe and offerings God work would have sufficient means to sustain the work). (PO: This teaches us that a corrupt priesthood or ministry is not sufficient grounds for seeking to fulfill God’s mission church outside of the organized body of believers). 1:25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli. 1:26 And she said, Oh my lord, as thy soul liveth, my lord, I am the woman that stood by thee here, praying unto the LORD.


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1:27 For this child I prayed; and the LORD hath given me my petition which I asked of him: 1:28 Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the LORD. And he worshipped the LORD there.


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Chapter 2 – The Prayer of Hannah | Corrupt Priesthood The Rise of Samuel, Israel's Last Judge Decline of Eli's Sons Wickedness of Eli's sons (1 Sam. 2:12–17) Eli reproves his sons (1 Sam. 2:22–25) Prophecy against Eli and sons (1 Sam. 2:27–36; cf. 4:11–18) The Philistines; the ark and Eli's house [defeat/capture/covenant defiled] (1 Sam. 4:1b–22)

Rise of Samuel Samuel approved by Eli (1 Sam. 2:18–21) Samuel grows in favor (1 Sam. 2:26) Samuel called and given prophetic word (1 Sam. 3:1–4:1a) The Philistines; the ark and Samuel [return/victory/covenant renewed] (1 Sam. 7:2–17)

God is the Rock Actions are weighed – dealing with the Peninnah (PP p572) What Hannah shaped Israel this is the role of a mother “If the mother fails in her duty to instruct, guide, and restrain, her children will naturally accept the evil” 2:1 And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation. 2:2 There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.

We see 3 doctrinal points here. All three of these would come under the nature of God.. “none beside thee” – This shows that nothing can compare to God. He is the only infinite being. This was important back during that time because the people were polytheistic. They believed in many gods. In the Bible we see that the Jews compared God with other gods. They said God is above the other gods. He had to show He was the true God first, than he weaned them from the pagan influences that they had. He had to show them that there were no other gods. They adopted polytheistic concepts. But here we see that she doesn't have any polytheistic views. It brings out monotheism and infinite qualities of His nature. 2:3 Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.

Key text on the investigative judgment This brings out the investigative judgment exclusively. There is more than one type of judgment. We have the investigative and the executive. In the Christian world when you say judgment they think of executive. Only SDA's think of the investigative before it, so we must be clear when teaching this. “actions are weighed” – This shows the process of investigation by an all knowing God. This verse also shows us that Piniah becomes a symbol of God's enemies. PP 572 Referring first to the boasting of an insolent and contentious woman, the song points to the http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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destruction of the enemies of God and the final triumph of His redeemed people.

There is a prophecy here in Hannaniah's words about the final triumph over the wicked in the end. 2:4 The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. 2:5 They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble. 2:6 The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. 2:7 The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up.

A God in control; Same as Daniel Kingdoms rise an fall Bring out the sovereignty of God. He is the sovereign ruler of history. 2:8 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and he hath set the world upon them. 2:9 He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. 2:10 The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.

"adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces" – Executive judgment. (*PO this also connects with Daniel two showing that the mountain hitting the image extends until the earth made new.) Motherhood. Importance of the example of the mother. She cannot expect her children to form a character that she is not willing to form. PP 572 But it is only when she seeks, in her own life, to follow the teachings of Christ that the mother can hope to form the character of her children after the divine pattern. The world teems with corrupting influences. Fashion and custom exert a strong power over the young. If the mother fails in her duty to instruct, guide, and restrain, her children will naturally accept the evil, and turn from the good. Let every mother go often to her Saviour with the prayer… 2:11 And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest. 2:12 Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.

Eli sons are the sons of Belial. Eli could have learnt from Aaron PP 575 Loving peace and ease, he did not exercise his authority to correct the evil habits and passions of his children. Rather than contend with them or punish them, he would submit to their will and give them their own way. 2:13 And the priests' custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;


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“priests’ custom” – of burnt offering. The sons were sleeping with the women and taking things by force. Hannah brought Samuel to the church where there was known sin. God still blessed Hannah with her choice of sending him to the church. The account teaches that the sons of Eli grew up thinking only of themselves. Eli was a Priest and Judge. Samuel was a Priest and Judge and a Prophet 2:14 And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither. 2:15 Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw. 2:16 And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force. 2:17 Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD. 2:18 But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

“girded with a linen ephod” –Being a child he this is an exception. Samuel was around three two four years old. We are seeing the best and the worst of parents. We also notice that virtue is not inherited but acquired. 2:19 Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. 2:20 And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home. 2:21 And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD. 2:22 Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. 2:23 And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people.

Eli’s sons are rebuked. 2:24 Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD'S people to transgress. 2:25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them. 2:26 And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the LORD, and also with men.

We see a contrast between the Sons of Eli and Samuel. Matthew used this to describe Jesus. 2:27 And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house?


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A man is sent to Eli. 2:28 And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel? 2:29 Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people?

Eli has placed his sons more then God. Reprove your own sins before rebuking others. It’s dangerous to say that the child is just going through a stage. 2:30 Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

THIS IS A KEY TEXT! God makes it clear that His protection, and His end of the covenant is conditional. And despite the fact that conditional statements are all over the Bible, the doctrine of predestination is prevalent in Christianity. Philistines learned from the arch that this event was by God. How was is a blessing? God touched their hearts. PP Ch58 – The school of the Prophets  God original plan was home schooling  The parents were living in idolatry  The whole moral of the nation was raised by the School or the Prophets  They were taught to pray  The true object of education is to restore the image of God in the soul.  Self supporting  Manual labour 1 Sam 1 – 7 – Dealing with Samuel 1 Sam 8 – 15 – Early years of Saul 1 Sam 15 – Dealing with rejection by the prophet of God as king Schools of the prophets. There were 3 qualities required of students that could attend this school. Pious = Spiritual, Intelligent = Showed promise and intellectual ability, Studious = willing to work and study. The schools were located in Ramah and Kirjatherim were the ark was. Subjects: They taught the students how to pray. Music, Poety 595 The true object of education is to restore the image of God in the soul. " Other issues were brought out too. 2:31 Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house. 2:32 And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth which God shall give Israel: and


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there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever. 2:33 And the man of thine, whom I shall not cut off from mine altar, shall be to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the increase of thine house shall die in the flower of their age. 2:34 And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them. 2:35 And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever.

Eli is not a faithful priest. 2:36 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests' offices, that I may eat a piece of bread.


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Chapter 3 – Calling of Samuel This is where Samuel got the vision at night. The Ark's Travels in 1 Samuel 3–7 – After suffering losses in battle against the Philistines at Ebenezer, the Israelite forces called for the ark of the covenant to be brought to the battle from Shiloh. But the Israelites were defeated again, and the Philistines captured the ark. The ark's presence in each Philistine city caused the people to suffer terrible tumors, so it was sent away to another city. Eventually the ark was returned to Israel at Beth-shemesh, and then it was brought to Kiriathjearim, where it remained for some 20 years.


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The Journey of the Ark of the Covenant in 1–2 Samuel 1 Sam. 3:3 The Lord called Samuel (who was sleeping) from “where the ark of God was” 1 Samuel 4 Philistines capture the ark (for seven months: 1 Sam. 6:1) 1 Sam. 5:1–7 Philistines bring the ark to Ashdod, setting it up next to the idol Dagon 1 Sam. 5:8–9 Philistines bring the ark to Gath 1 Sam. 5:10–12 Philistines send the ark to Ekron 1 Sam. 6:10–15 Philistines return the ark with guilt offering to Beth-shemesh 1 Sam. 6:19–21 The Lord strikes 70 men for looking upon the ark 1 Sam. 7:1–2 Men of Kiriath-jearim take the ark to the house of Abinadab (where it stays for 20 years) 1 Sam. 14:18 Saul commands Ahijah to bring the ark to the war camp 2 Sam. 6:2–5 David begins to move the ark to Jerusalem on a cart 2 Sam. 6:6–7 The Lord strikes Uzzah dead for holding on to the ark 2 Sam. 6:10–11 David takes the ark to the house of Obed-edom, where it stays for three months 2 Sam. 6:12–17 David brings the ark to Jerusalem, and places it inside the tent he pitched for it 2 Sam. 15:24–25 Zadok brings the ark to David, who commands him to carry it back to Jerusalem 2 Sam. 15:29 Zadok and Abiathar carry the ark back to Jerusalem 3:1 And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the word of the LORD was precious in those days; there was no open vision.

The word of the LORD was precious. 3:2 And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; 3:3 And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the LORD, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; 3:4 That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. 3:5 And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down. 3:6 And the LORD called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And he answered, I called not, my son; lie down again. 3:7 Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD, neither was the word of the LORD yet revealed unto him.

PP – this meant that he did not have the close contact that a prophet had, but he knew the Lord as a child. 3:8 And the LORD called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And Eli perceived that the LORD had called the child. 3:9 Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak, LORD; for thy servant heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place.


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3:10 And the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth. 3:11 And the LORD said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 3:12 In that day I will perform against Eli all things which I have spoken concerning his house: when I begin, I will also make an end. 3:13 For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not. 3:14 And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli's house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for ever. 3:15 And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of the LORD. And Samuel feared to shew Eli the vision.

Samuel had a vision. 3:16 Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he answered, Here am I.

Around this time Eli is getting older. Samuel is called 3 times showing its was of God. “he restrained them not” to Eli PP 573

Eli loved Samuel. 3:17 And he said, What is the thing that the LORD hath said unto thee? I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee. 3:18 And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he said, It is the LORD: let him do what seemeth him good.

He acknowledge that he and his sons were guilty, but he didn't change anything. PP 578-579 Those who have too little courage to reprove wrong, or who through indolence or lack of interest make no earnest effort to purify the family or the church of God, are held accountable for the evil that may result from their neglect of duty. We are just as responsible for evils that we might have checked in others by exercise of parental or pastoral authority as if the acts had been our own….The fond father overlooked the faults and sins of his sons in their childhood, flattering himself that after a time they would outgrow their evil tendencies. Many are now making a similar mistake. They think they know a better way of training their children than that which God has given in His word. They foster wrong tendencies in them, urging as an excuse, "They are too young to be punished. Wait till they become older, and can be reasoned with." Thus wrong habits are left to strengthen until they become second nature. The children grow up without restraint, with traits of character that are a lifelong curse to them and are liable to be reproduced in others… But great as are the evils of parental unfaithfulness under any circumstances, they are tenfold greater when they exist in the families of those appointed as teachers of the people."

“do what seemeth him good" – Here we see that God dealt tenderly with Eli. He allowed him to hear the message from a child that he had a tender relationship and to hear it in the simplicity of a child. God could have sent anyone. Jesus rebuked with tears in His voice. They were tender and yet http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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severe. PP 573 It was not customary for the Levites to enter upon their peculiar services until they were twenty-five years of age, but Samuel had been an exception to this rule."

This doesn't mean that it can applies to every case. If God tells you then you better share. Eli knew that something bad was on its way. Some people know there’s a problem but do nothing about it. 3:19 And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground.

Samuel told all that he was told. Samuel did not speak empty words he lived his words 3:20 And all Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the LORD. 3:21 And the LORD appeared again in Shiloh: for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD.


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Chapter 4 – Battle with the Philistines | Ark of the Covenant taken 4:1 And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Ebenezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek. 4:2 And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.

Instead of backing off the Philistines fought for their lives. And slew 30 thousand. This shows that the Philistines believed in the God of the Hebrews, but they were polytheist. So they prayed harder to their gods. And they viewed it as a contest as to which god was stronger. They prayed and put their faith in their god into action. Hophni and Phineas was killed and Eli broke his neck. It also mentioned that he was heavy, he was an intemperate man. 4:3 And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies. 4:4 So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God. 4:5 And when the ark of the covenant of the LORD came into the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth rang again. 4:6 And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the LORD was come into the camp. 4:7 And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore. 4:8 Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness. 4:9 Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight. 4:10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. 4:11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain. 4:12 And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head. 4:13 And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out. 4:14 And when Eli heard the noise of the crying, he said, What meaneth the noise of this tumult? And the man came in hastily, and told Eli.


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4:15 Now Eli was ninety and eight years old; and his eyes were dim, that he could not see. 4:16 And the man said unto Eli, I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to day out of the army. And he said, What is there done, my son? 4:17 And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken. 4:18 And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years. 4:19 And his daughter in law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to be delivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her. 4:20 And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it. 4:21 And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

Phineas' wife feared the Lord (PP shows this). after the news it was too much for her to bare. Her husband and father in law got killed, her nation got slaughtered, and the ark was taken. It was like there was no hope. She was in the pains of child birth and she lost the heart to get through it. (*PO this shows what severe stress can do to child birth. It can kill the mother.) Does this mean that probation closed on Israel? No PP the Lord didn't cast aside his people. Note: Some ministries go around and preach that this in a close of probation on the church. And that God is not leading it. The Philistines; where not native to Philistines they where from Greece, Peoples of the Sea (2BC p27); Over come the Hittites; They tried to take Egypt; There are two main issues for Israel; Syria and Philistines; This shows us the conditional nature of God’s promises. I have promised that you would walk before me forever but because you have rejected me, I have rejected you. It is important for us to realize that when we look at Old Testament prophecies. People are saying that Israel is going to be the greatest nation on earth; everything is going to be ruled from Jerusalem. They are trying to make Jerusalem the centre of their Christianity. They are taking the prophecies that applied to when the Jews were faithful and applying them to now. There are conditional promises in the Old Testament. Who went into battle against whom? Israel against the philistines. There is no command from God to go to battle. That was the first mistake. They went into battle without a command from God. The Israelites were defeated and realized they needed to do something about it. They said, Why don’t we bring the ark of the covenant and put it out into the battle field. This way we can win. Why did the Israelites think that the ark had such power? The Israelites had received the mentality similar to their neighbours. They wanted to have a god that they could see. They treated the ark like their


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neighbours treated their idols. They looked at it in the same direction. It was kind of like a good luck charm. This was their way of getting victory. To them, it wasn’t that victory came through submission to a holy God. Victory comes from appeasing a piece of metal. Their mentality there had changed quite a bit. PP 583 says the expedition was taken without the concurrence of the high priest. Does something ring a bell of warning signal when you read this verse (4:4)? There are two ungodly men attending the ark. Two corrupt men are taking God’s ark out and saying, God bless us. It is proof, though we have it in other places, that it is not who you are associated with but who you are connected to that gives you the victory. Why do you think that Hophni and Phinehas were with the ark? This is a little bit of speculation. It made them look good before other people. It is a way of covering up their sins by doing something righteous. “Let us fetch the ark of The philistines heard this and were afraid. They remembered Jericho and the crossing of the Jordan. This actually made it worse for the Israelites. The philistines said if we surrender to them, they will completely wipe us out. And now they have the ark so they are going to fight even harder. If we are going to die we are going to die fighting. If anything happens and we don’t win we will be completely gone. When the Hebrews fight they wipe out people. You see this in 4:9 Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight. 4:10 And the Philistines fought, There was a great slaughter. Thirty thousand men were killed. At this point Israel was having serious problems. They were in sin; they were in apostasy. God was using the philistines to punish his people. He said in Judges that it would happen. Judges 2. God said He would use other people to punish His people. Then He would have mercy, then punish again, then mercy. It kept happening. But in this case He wants to punish the philistines too so He let them take the ark. There are two things that take place. God uses the philistines to punish His people and He uses the ark to punish the philistines. God uses all things for his glory. He supersedes our plans and uses them for what He wants. The ark was taken. Hophni and phinehas were slain, verse 11 the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.” A man ran to Eli to tell him what took place. He was 98 years old. He was very heavy. He was sitting on a chair at the gate; a man came up and said your sons are dead. When Eli heard that the ark was taken he fell backward, broke his neck and died. You don’t get much encouragement when you read about Eli. It doesn’t seem like he has a very positive future. SOP is very clear that he chose not to correct the sins that he knew. He admitted there was a problem but he didn’t change it. He knew what was going to happen. Look at the results of Eli’s parenting and compare that with Hannah’s parenting. PP 582 The messages of warning and reproof to his house were made known by Eli to the whole nation. (he was honest and upfront in this) By this means he hoped to counteract, in some measure, the evil influence of his past neglect. But the warnings were disregarded by the people, as they had been by the priests. The people of surrounding nations also, who were not ignorant of the iniquities openly practiced in Israel, became still bolder in their idolatry and crime.

Because Israel was going down so were the surrounding nations. So because of what Eli did he not only affected his own nation, but the surrounding nations. The power of one parent. Because of his sin and neglect in parenting, that is what took place. Hannah, her child, Samuel, reformed Israel, started the schools of the prophets which turned Israel in the opposite direction. The power of one


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parent. You have a choice of what type of parent you want to be and this is a very striking illustration because both were taking place at the same time. The influence of one person on the nation is seen clearly in both Eli and Hannah. The ark was taken and Phinehas’s wife was in labor. She died and named her child Ichabod. The glory is departed. Contrast Glory – Potential Morning Manna: Unless God gives something else. Compare: Icabod, Jesus, and 144,000. Reach PP 57 PP 584 Glory represents the presence of God.

Parallel points: 1. Spirit of God overlooked Eli and went to Samuel: When the latter rain falls God is going to overlook those in prominent spiritual positions and give His Spirit to those we least expect to get it. We are going to expect pastor so and so or my teacher at hartland, my deacon, elder, G.C. officials etc. we will expect for them to receive the latter rain, but they will not. 2. The philistines said that God was with them. Why? Because of the shouting and all of the noise. But it was a false revival. The presence of God was not with them. But we cannot tell by the outward show. They began to worship the ark. We are worshipping the church. We come to where the law of God is taught, but we are not keeping it. 3. Eli realized that his sins caused the presence of God to leave: We point at the sins in the church and who is apostatizing, but we do not cry out. Like Eli we don't want to reprove those in error, why? Because we may be in error ourselves. When you are in sin that is when you really don't want to point anyone else's sin out. So could it be that because of all the light that God has given us we refuse to follow and as a result it is causing the presence of God to be withdrawn. 4. The iniquities practiced by the children of Israel caused the infidels and idolaters and nominal Adventists to become bolder in their sins. They felt no sense of guilt for their sins because of them. 4:22 And she said, The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of God is taken.


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Chapter 5 – The Ark in Philistia This brings out that the Philistines had respect for the God of heaven. They put it in their temple, which shows they were going to worship it. PP shows that they believed it would give them more power. After the judgments they thought the kine would start feeding or go back to their young. They had enough fear of the true God not to take off the covering. 5:1 And the Philistines took the ark of God, and brought it from Ebenezer unto Ashdod. 5:2 When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon.

Dagon is a fish God. This was on the Mediterranean coast. The philistines were originally called the people of the sea. They put the Ark of the Covenant into Dagon’s temple, to prove that Dagon gave them the victory, their god is more powerful. The next morning they found Dagon on the floor bowed before the ark. Think of the confusion that was going through the philistines’ minds as they looked at how powerful the ark was yet how the Israelites were defeated. Sometimes we cause confusion before the minds of the world because they say, “we know you have a powerful God but He is not doing anything in your life.” 5:3 And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again. 5:4 And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him.

They set Dagon back up. It happens again and this time Dagon gets mutilated. The palms of his hands were cut off and only his stump was left. 5:5 Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into Dagon's house, tread on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this day.

This is a little interesting note from history. 5:6 But the hand of the LORD was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he destroyed them, and smote them with emerods, even Ashdod and the coasts thereof.

Can you imagine a whole nation being struck with this? They decided to move it from Ashdod and sent it to Ekron. 5:7 And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god. 5:8 They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines unto them, and said, What shall we do with the ark of the God of Israel? And they answered, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried about unto Gath. And they carried the ark of the God of Israel about thither. 5:9 And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of the LORD was against the city with a very great destruction: and he smote the men of the city, both small and great, and they had emerods in their secret parts.


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5:10 Therefore they sent the ark of God to Ekron. And it came to pass, as the ark of God came to Ekron, that the Ekronites cried out, saying, They have brought about the ark of the God of Israel to us, to slay us and our people.

Everyone was trying to get rid of this. It remained in the philistines land for 7 months. God doesn’t need people to defeat his enemies. He uses whatever He needs. He uses people so that we can have the blessing of being used; but he doesn’t need people. He is using the Ark of the Covenant and is doing a very good job. He is making the philistines realize that there is a God in Israel. The respect for the God of Israel is being greatly increased. What would happen if the Israelites took advantage of this situation and decided to use it as a witnessing tool? The Ark of the Covenant comes back and the philistines realize that the God of Israel is greater than their God. What if the Israelites had started to say, “We have such a greater God than you do, why don’t you consider switching? Why don’t you consider that your God is fake and nothing? Why don’t you realize that what we’ve got is so much better?” What if they had done something like that. Wouldn’t they have carried on the purpose that “in thee shall all nations of the earth be blessed”? Wouldn’t that command to Abraham really have taken place in this instance? God’s people today, even now, though we supposed to be trained as missionaries and focus on it, we need to have greater emphasis on it. The majority of God’s people are really enjoying the social life. The concept that there is a dying world around me that needs help has not really clicked with us. We use our money to support net 95 etc but we need to do something ourselves. 5:11 So they sent and gathered together all the lords of the Philistines, and said, Send away the ark of the God of Israel, and let it go again to his own place, that it slay us not, and our people: for there was a deadly destruction throughout all the city; the hand of God was very heavy there. 5:12 And the men that died not were smitten with the emerods: and the cry of the city went up to heaven.


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Chapter 6 – The Ark returned to Israel 6:1 And the ark of the LORD was in the country of the Philistines seven months.

The philistines said that we need to send the ark back to the Israelites, we can’t handle this ark, it, we don’t want it. The five lords decided they needed to send it back with a gift. The object is the God. They are not thinking of an invisible God. It is something they can see. So they need to send it back with gifts. Five golden emerods and five golden mice. They put it on a cart pulled by milk cows, which means they had calves. They let them go and watched what happened. They went straight back to Palestine. 1 Chronicles 13 says that Uzzah touched the ark when it was on a cart and he is struck dead. Here you see the philistines take the ark and put it on a cart and nothing happens. Acts 17:30, James 4:17 these are principles that we need to understand. God knew that they were being much more respectful of the ark than the Israelites were. 6:2 And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, What shall we do to the ark of the LORD? tell us wherewith we shall send it to his place. 6:3 And they said, If ye send away the ark of the God of Israel, send it not empty; but in any wise return him a trespass offering: then ye shall be healed, and it shall be known to you why his hand is not removed from you. 6:4 Then said they, What shall be the trespass offering which we shall return to him? They answered, Five golden emerods, and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines: for one plague was on you all, and on your lords. 6:5 Wherefore ye shall make images of your emerods, and images of your mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from off your gods, and from off your land. 6:6 Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when he had wrought wonderfully among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed? 6:7 Now therefore make a new cart, and take two milch kine, on which there hath come no yoke, and tie the kine to the cart, and bring their calves home from them: 6:8 And take the ark of the LORD, and lay it upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a trespass offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, that it may go. 6:9 And see, if it goeth up by the way of his own coast to Bethshemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that smote us: it was a chance that happened to us. 6:10 And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home: 6:11 And they laid the ark of the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods. 6:12 And the kine took the straight way to the way of Bethshemesh, and went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them unto the border of Bethshemesh.


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6:13 And they of Bethshemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley: and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it. 6:14 And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Bethshemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the LORD. 6:15 And the Levites took down the ark of the LORD, and the coffer that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone: and the men of Bethshemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto the LORD. 6:16 And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day. 6:17 And these are the golden emerods which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering unto the LORD; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Askelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one; 6:18 And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the LORD: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Bethshemite. 6:19 And he smote the men of Bethshemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the LORD, even he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men: and the people lamented, because the LORD had smitten many of the people with a great slaughter.

God smote fifty thousand and seventy Israelites because when the ark came back they opened it up and looked inside. They knew clearly that the ark was sacred and they took off the covering and opened it and looked inside the ark. And at that point 50,070 men died. God is using this ark for a lot of clean up. He is not only using it to deal with the philistines but also his people. They had a worse experience than the Philistines. We see the conditional nature of things. If you are faithful. Abinidad knew that faithfulness and obedience would bring him blessings. If you are unfaithful and irreverent He will not bless you 6:20 And the men of Bethshemesh said, Who is able to stand before this holy LORD God? and to whom shall he go up from us? 6:21 And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kirjathjearim, saying, The Philistines have brought again the ark of the LORD; come ye down, and fetch it up to you.

Because the men of there didn’t want to keep the ark because of that, 6:21 And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kirjathjearim, saying, The Philistines have brought again the ark of the LORD; come ye down, [and] fetch it up to you. That is where it was placed.


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Chapter 7 – Philistines defeated in Mizpah | Samuel Judges in Israel Samuel was a judge in Israel for 20 years. During this time there was a steady revival. Samuel traveled. There was a gathering and the philistines tried to attack. God wiped them out, and they no longer bothered them. 7:1 And the men of Kirjathjearim came, and fetched up the ark of the LORD, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of the LORD. 7:2 And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after the LORD. 7:3 And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel, saying, If ye do return unto the LORD with all your hearts, then put away the strange gods and Ashtaroth from among you, and prepare your hearts unto the LORD, and serve him only: and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.

This text tells me that they were serving idols at this time. Samuel said “If you return with all your heart” this is covenant language. Changing your heart, coming back to God with your heart, returning with your heart. This is what Samuel is asking. 7:4 Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth, and served the LORD only. 7:5 And Samuel said, Gather all Israel to Mizpeh, and I will pray for you unto the LORD. 7:6 And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and drew water, and poured it out before the LORD, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinned against the LORD. And Samuel judged the children of Israel in Mizpeh. 7:7 And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpeh, the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel. And when the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines. 7:8 And the children of Israel said to Samuel, Cease not to cry unto the LORD our God for us, that he will save us out of the hand of the Philistines. 7:9 And Samuel took a sucking lamb, and offered it for a burnt offering wholly unto the LORD: and Samuel cried unto the LORD for Israel; and the LORD heard him. 7:10 And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel: but the LORD thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines, and discomfited them; and they were smitten before Israel. 7:11 And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh, and pursued the Philistines, and smote them, until they came under Bethcar. 7:12 Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it Ebenezer, saying, Hitherto hath the LORD helped us. 7:13 So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more into the coast of Israel: and the hand of the LORD was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. 7:14 And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron even unto Gath; and the coasts thereof did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines. And there was


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peace between Israel and the Amorites. 7:15 And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life.

And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. 7:16 And he went from year to year in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, and judged Israel in all those places.

And he went from year to year in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, and judged Israel in all those places. 7:17 And his return was to Ramah; for there was his house; and there he judged Israel; and there he built an altar unto the LORD.

Samuel was a circuit preacher and judges Israel approximately 20 years. We will jump into the monarchy later. Samuel made a call to his people when they were in the midst of apostasy, when they had just had some terrible things take place to them. He continued to labour for them. I want to challenge you that when you have friends that may not understand all that you understand that you continue to labour and not write off people. In the midst of this he not only worked for the people, he took action. In Kirjathjearim where the ark was, one of the schools of the prophets was started. Another began in Ramah, where Samuel was. So he is starting institutions that would counteract the evil that is taking place in his country. Not only did he talk about doing something, he did something. Not only did he realize that there was a problem, he did something about it. I want to encourage us that when we see issues we are proactive, so that by the grace of God we counteract the evil like Samuel did.


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Chapter 8 – The Israelites ask for a King Note: Guide for context of Psalms handout: * is there so when you come to this in assignments you look down there. Some of this Psalms come out of a specific experience of David. This will help you under the meaning of the Psalms. It is obvious at times, and others it is not. For reading reports read them all at the same time and list the time. The Philistines knew that God was leading the ark back to the children of Israel. The guilt of the Philistines was increasing. They had an opportunity to worship, but they didn't decide to turn. PP 587 1 Sam 1-7: This coves the account of Samuel as a judge of Israel 1 Sam 8-15: Covers the establishment of Saul as king and his rejection. Then David comes into the picture and the rest of the book is about the conflicts between them both. 8:1 And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel.

Made sons judges of Israel – full consent of Israel 8:2 Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abiah: they were judges in Beersheba. 8:3 And his sons walked not in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment. 8:4 Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah, 8:5 And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations.

Israel wanted to be like all the other nations (1 Sam 8:20). The people want a king and Samuel's sons were greedy and corrupt. PP says Samuel was not aware of what they were doing. Had he known he would have removed them. They made known to him the changes they wanted to see in the kingdom. 8:6 But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD.

Rejected Theocracy and wanted a Monarchy. 8:7 And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. 8:8 According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. 8:9 Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. 8:10 And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that asked of him a king. 8:11 And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself, for his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and some shall run before his


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chariots.

Verses 11 to18 Samuel tells them about all the things that will happen if they have a king. Kings tax the people, they draft your sons. They tell you what to do with the land. 8:12 And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and instruments of his chariots. 8:13 And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers. 8:14 And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. 8:15 And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. 8:16 And he will take your menservants, and your maidservants, and your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work. 8:17 He will take the tenth of your sheep: and ye shall be his servants. 8:18 And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. 8:19 Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us;

They were given a warning, but their minds were made up. 8:20 That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles.

They rejected God fighting for them (1 Sam 7:10). 8:21 And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the LORD. 8:22 And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make them a king. And Samuel said unto the men of Israel, Go ye every man unto his city.


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Chapter 9 – Saul chosen as King of Israel 9:1 Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power. 9:2 And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people. 9:3 And the asses of Kish Saul's father were lost. And Kish said to Saul his son, Take now one of the servants with thee, and arise, go seek the asses. 9:4 And he passed through mount Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalisha, but they found them not: then they passed through the land of Shalim, and there they were not: and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. 9:5 And when they were come to the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant that was with him, Come, and let us return; lest my father leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us. 9:6 And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that we should go. 9:7 Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall we bring the man? for the bread is spent in our vessels, and there is not a present to bring to the man of God: what have we? 9:8 And the servant answered Saul again, and said, Behold, I have here at hand the fourth part of a shekel of silver: that will I give to the man of God, to tell us our way. 9:9 (Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to enquire of God, thus he spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.)

A Prophet and a Seer are the same thing. Seer means the same thing as a prophet. They see with the eyes of God. 9:10 Then said Saul to his servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where the man of God was. 9:11 And as they went up the hill to the city, they found young maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here? 9:12 And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a sacrifice of the people to day in the high place:

Under Samuel the worship was an involved among Gods people. 9:13 As soon as ye be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, because he doth bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find him. 9:14 And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place. 9:15 Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying,


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9:16 To morrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain over my people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the Philistines: for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is come unto me. 9:17 And when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said unto him, Behold the man whom I spake to thee of! this same shall reign over my people. 9:18 Then Saul drew near to Samuel in the gate, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, where the seer's house is. 9:19 And Samuel answered Saul, and said, I am the seer: go up before me unto the high place; for ye shall eat with me to day, and to morrow I will let thee go, and will tell thee all that is in thine heart. 9:20 And as for thine asses that were lost three days ago, set not thy mind on them; for they are found. And on whom is all the desire of Israel? Is it not on thee, and on all thy father's house? 9:21 And Saul answered and said, Am not I a Benjamite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel? and my family the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? wherefore then speakest thou so to me?

Why was Benjamin such a small tribe? All the children of Israel killed all of them because they raped a women. (Judges 20) Saul came form this line. 9:22 And Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them into the parlour, and made them sit in the chiefest place among them that were bidden, which were about thirty persons. 9:23 And Samuel said unto the cook, Bring the portion which I gave thee, of which I said unto thee, Set it by thee. 9:24 And the cook took up the shoulder, and that which was upon it, and set it before Saul. And Samuel said, Behold that which is left! set it before thee, and eat: for unto this time hath it been kept for thee since I said, I have invited the people. So Saul did eat with Samuel that day. 9:25 And when they were come down from the high place into the city, Samuel communed with Saul upon the top of the house. 9:26 And they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the day, that Samuel called Saul to the top of the house, saying, Up, that I may send thee away. And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad.

(PP 627) Samuel loved Saul as his own son. 9:27 And as they were going down to the end of the city, Samuel said to Saul, Bid the servant pass on before us, (and he passed on,) but stand thou still a while, that I may shew thee the word of God.


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Chapter 10 – Saul anointed as King This chapter was about Samuel's prophecies of Saul that showed that God would be with him. They spent some time together. At this time through the influence of Samuel Saul's heart was open and his spirit was subdued. 10:1 Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said, Is it not because the LORD hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance?

Saul is made king. 10:2 When thou art departed from me to day, then thou shalt find two men by Rachel's sepulchre in the border of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will say unto thee, The asses which thou wentest to seek are found: and, lo, thy father hath left the care of the asses, and sorroweth for you, saying, What shall I do for my son? 10:3 Then shalt thou go on forward from thence, and thou shalt come to the plain of Tabor, and there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Bethel, one carrying three kids, and another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine: 10:4 And they will salute thee, and give thee two loaves of bread; which thou shalt receive of their hands. 10:5 After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where is the garrison of the Philistines: and it shall come to pass, when thou art come thither to the city, that thou shalt meet a company of prophets coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a tabret, and a pipe, and a harp, before them; and they shall prophesy: 10:6 And the Spirit of the LORD will come upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with them, and shalt be turned into another man. 10:7 And let it be, when these signs are come unto thee, that thou do as occasion serve thee; for God is with thee. 10:8 And thou shalt go down before me to Gilgal; and, behold, I will come down unto thee, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice sacrifices of peace offerings: seven days shalt thou tarry, till I come to thee, and shew thee what thou shalt do. 10:9 And it was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart: and all those signs came to pass that day.

Saul was given a new heart (v9) (PP p610) This was conversion. This is new covenant language. Not old covenant language. 10:10 And when they came thither to the hill, behold, a company of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came upon him, and he prophesied among them. 10:11 And it came to pass, when all that knew him beforetime saw that, behold, he prophesied among the prophets, then the people said one to another, What is this that is come unto the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets? 10:12 And one of the same place answered and said, But who is their father? Therefore it became a proverb, Is Saul also among the prophets? 10:13 And when he had made an end of prophesying, he came to the high place.


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10:14 And Saul's uncle said unto him and to his servant, Whither went ye? And he said, To seek the asses: and when we saw that they were no where, we came to Samuel. 10:15 And Saul's uncle said, Tell me, I pray thee, what Samuel said unto you. 10:16 And Saul said unto his uncle, He told us plainly that the asses were found. But of the matter of the kingdom, whereof Samuel spake, he told him not. 10:17 And Samuel called the people together unto the LORD to Mizpeh;

Verses 17 to 19 God was using lots to show the people. They go on and cast lots. Through this method, man cannot say accuse other men, because it is a chance method. 10:18 And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of them that oppressed you: 10:19 And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands. 10:20 And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken. 10:21 When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found. 10:22 Therefore they enquired of the LORD further, if the man should yet come thither. And the LORD answered, Behold, he hath hid himself among the stuff. 10:23 And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. 10:24 And Samuel said to all the people, See ye him whom the LORD hath chosen, that there is none like him among all the people? And all the people shouted, and said, God save the king.

God save the king – first time it was used 10:25 Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the LORD. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house.

"Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote [it] in a book, and laid [it] up before the LORD. – KEY TEXT: The theocracy was still in tact. Saul was not going to be an absolute monarch. Who is going to be in charge of the people? God or the King? God. Even though God was suppose to have God as their king, as a theocracy. He is making clear that the theocracy would continue. That would not be set aside because they had a king. PP 603 The Lord foresaw that Israel would desire a king, but He did not consent to a change in the principles upon which the state was founded. The king was to be the vicegerent of the Most High. God was to be recognized as the Head of the nation, and His law was to be enforced as the supreme law of the land." PP 611 Samuel then set before the people "the manner of the kingdom," stating the principles upon which the monarchial government was based, and by which it should be controlled.


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The king was not to be an absolute monarch, but was to hold his power in subjection to the will of the Most High. This address was recorded in a book, wherein were set forth the prerogatives of the prince and the rights and privileges of the people." (it was a speech that was given and written down) Just like the USA is a constitutional democracy, it is a similar setup. The constitution determines what the leaders can and cannot do. The law of Moses was like their constitution, the king would still had to follow, but he was not to be like a dictator. In this sense they were not like other nations. PP 611 As Saul united with the prophets in their worship, a great change was wrought in him by the Holy Spirit. The light of divine purity and holiness shone in upon the darkness of the natural heart. He saw himself as he was before God. He saw the beauty of holiness. He was now called to begin the warfare against sin and Satan, and he was made to feel that in this conflict his strength must come wholly from God.

Saul had an experience that every few people have. It sounds like a conversional experience. 10:26 And Saul also went home to Gibeah; and there went with him a band of men, whose hearts God had touched. 10:27 But the children of Belial said, How shall this man save us? And they despised him, and brought him no presents. But he held his peace.

But he held his peace.


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Chapter 11 – Defeat of the Ammonites Sermons: "Benjamin come and help!" Chapter 11 Chapter 11 the Ammonites come against Jabesh Gilead. There was a special connection between this town and the tribe of Benjamin. In Judges when Benjamin was being punished and they were almost exterminated. All were killed except 600 men. That is why they were the smallest tribe in Israel. And not too much time has passed, and Saul was from the tribe of Benjamin Then the men of Jabesh Gilead allowed the men to take their women and marry them. They had a strong bond now. (they were either the tribe of Gad or Reuben wherever the city was), which And Benjamin could continue their posterity. (*PO in Revelation 7 this tribe consists of those who participated in the vilest sins and have almost been cut off by the judgments of God [diseases]. They re-populate and now they are sealed. This shows that in the last days you will have a group of people that are committing the vilest sins that will be saved.) Now Jabesh Gilead is being attacked and because Saul is a king from the tribe of Benjamin he would feel a greater burden to help then the rest of the tribes. (*PO Intro: many like to dwell on the latter experiences of King Saul, but we see that Saul in the beginning had an experience that few people have today. Read PP quote. And there are some things we can learn from his early experience. Conclusion: And now Benjamin is going to join the ranks and give the last message to a dying world. Can go to Ephesians to show the sealing message.) 11:1 Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against Jabeshgilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee.

Jabeshgilead – This is where all the women came from 11:2 And Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this condition will I make a covenant with you, that I may thrust out all your right eyes, and lay it for a reproach upon all Israel.

When Saul cut up the oxen and sent them trough land (Judges 20) 11:3 And the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days' respite, that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: and then, if there be no man to save us, we will come out to thee. 11:4 Then came the messengers to Gibeah of Saul, and told the tidings in the ears of the people: and all the people lifted up their voices, and wept. 11:5 And, behold, Saul came after the herd out of the field; and Saul said, What aileth the people that they weep? And they told him the tidings of the men of Jabesh. 11:6 And the Spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard those tidings, and his anger was kindled greatly. 11:7 And he took a yoke of oxen, and hewed them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the coasts of Israel by the hands of messengers, saying, Whosoever cometh not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done unto his oxen. And the fear of the LORD fell on the people, and they came out with one consent.

This is similar to what the men did to the woman's body. This brought back memories. This is what the man did to get together and go against Benjamin. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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11:8 And when he numbered them in Bezek, the children of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand. 11:9 And they said unto the messengers that came, Thus shall ye say unto the men of Jabeshgilead, To morrow, by that time the sun be hot, ye shall have help. And the messengers came and shewed it to the men of Jabesh; and they were glad. 11:10 Therefore the men of Jabesh said, To morrow we will come out unto you, and ye shall do with us all that seemeth good unto you. 11:11 And it was so on the morrow, that Saul put the people in three companies; and they came into the midst of the host in the morning watch, and slew the Ammonites until the heat of the day: and it came to pass, that they which remained were scattered, so that two of them were not left together. 11:12 And the people said unto Samuel, Who is he that said, Shall Saul reign over us? bring the men, that we may put them to death.

Para: Now after Benjamin shows that they are valiant after giving the last cry against Papacy and Babylon. Now they turn on the beast and say get him. (World wide application Study). The next verse is a high point in the life of Saul as a representative of God. Put these people to death who made fun of Saul. Now after Saul shows that he is a valiant leader, everyone wants to show that they are on his side by pointing the finger at those who didn't approve and say get em'. 11:13 And Saul said, There shall not a man be put to death this day: for to day the LORD hath wrought salvation in Israel.

Saul’s high point – He gave the credit to God. At one point he understood what it meant to do it God's way. But then his life turned. Para: (personal app: what way will our lives go?) 11:14 Then said Samuel to the people, Come, and let us go to Gilgal, and renew the kingdom there.

They made Saul king in Gilgal. 11:15 And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly.

Key Points of Saul / David 1.Chosen by the Lord 2.Given a new Heart 3.Spirit 4.Anointing, waited 5.Herdsmen 6.Moved decisively / glory to God 7.Not revengeful

(1 Sam 9:16) (1 Sam 10:9) (1 Sam 10:6,9) (1 Sam 10:26) (1 Sam 11:5) (1 Sam 11:6-13) (1 Sam 10:27, 11:13)

This is identical to David, they had the same beginning. So what was the difference between Saul and David? The difference is that the both had the same start and they both sinned, the both repented, but David was sincere, Saul was not. All the above characteristics changed towards the end of Saul’s reign. If sin is held onto after being shown, what was a blessing will become a curse.


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Chapter 12 – Samuel’s final speech to Israel 12:1 And Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all that ye said unto me, and have made a king over you. 12:2 And now, behold, the king walketh before you: and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you: and I have walked before you from my childhood unto this day. 12:3 Behold, here I am: witness against me before the LORD, and before his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I received any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you. 12:4 And they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither hast thou taken ought of any man's hand. 12:5 And he said unto them, The LORD is witness against you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. And they answered, He is witness. 12:6 And Samuel said unto the people, It is the LORD that advanced Moses and Aaron, and that brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt. 12:7 Now therefore stand still, that I may reason with you before the LORD of all the righteous acts of the LORD, which he did to you and to your fathers.

"thunder" – PP the people needed to see that they sinned. They were ignorant in a sense in not knowing how bad it was. 12:8 When Jacob was come into Egypt, and your fathers cried unto the LORD, then the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, which brought forth your fathers out of Egypt, and made them dwell in this place. 12:9 And when they forgat the LORD their God, he sold them into the hand of Sisera, captain of the host of Hazor, and into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab, and they fought against them. 12:10 And they cried unto the LORD, and said, We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served Baalim and Ashtaroth: but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve thee. 12:11 And the LORD sent Jerubbaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every side, and ye dwelled safe. 12:12 And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the LORD your God was your king. 12:13 Now therefore behold the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye have desired! and, behold, the LORD hath set a king over you. 12:14 If ye will fear the LORD, and serve him, and obey his voice, and not rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall both ye and also the king that reigneth over you continue following the LORD your God: 12:15 But if ye will not obey the voice of the LORD, but rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall the hand of the LORD be against you, as it was against your fathers.


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12:16 Now therefore stand and see this great thing, which the LORD will do before your eyes. 12:17 Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call unto the LORD, and he shall send thunder and rain; that ye may perceive and see that your wickedness is great, which ye have done in the sight of the LORD, in asking you a king. 12:18 So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel. 12:19 And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to ask us a king.

They repented for having a king but kept it. 12:20 And Samuel said unto the people, Fear not: ye have done all this wickedness: yet turn not aside from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart;

This thunder had a similar affect on the people like Mount Sinai. It made them sense the presence of God to help them see their own wickedness and it made them fearful that they would be cut off. Samuel says you sinned, but if you turn to the Lord with all your heart we can carry on. 'all your heart' is a new covenant term. 12:21 And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain. 12:22 For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name's sake: because it hath pleased the LORD to make you his people. 12:23 Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin against the LORD in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the right way: 12:24 Only fear the LORD, and serve him in truth with all your heart: for consider how great things he hath done for you. 12:25 But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye and your king.


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Chapter 13 – Saul presumption at Gilgal Jonathan gets things started with the Philstines. He took the garrison at Geba. They were not the main army, but they were not far. Saul was asked to go to Gilgai and wait for 7 days. Offering sacrifice was a sin for a benjamite. 13:1 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,

When you have victory keep on fighting, don’t stop. 13:2 Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent. 13:3 And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. 13:4 And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal. 13:5 And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Bethaven.

The Philistines raised an army. 13:6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits. 13:7 And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.

Some hid and crossed the Jordan. 13:8 And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him. 13:9 And Saul said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace offerings. And he offered the burnt offering.

He wanted to show leadership because everyone was running away. It seemed like a good thing to do. But he didn't have the authority to do it. Point: sometimes things seem like a good to do, but we are not the ones to do it. 13:10 And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him. 13:11 And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash; 13:12 Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.


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13:13 And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.

Saul was a man after the peoples heart. 13:14 But now thy kingdom shall not continue: the LORD hath sought him a man after his own heart, and the LORD hath commanded him to be captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the LORD commanded thee.

Saul is in a bad position because Saul is in disobedience and he did not repent. That is a bad position because you cannot go into battle separated from God and expect His blessings. So God turns to his son Jonathan. The prince. 13:15 And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men.

Why did Samuel move to Gibeah? Saul and Jonathan was there. Samuel was still wanting to abide with him. Even though he has done foolishly I have not taken my presents from you yet. 13:16 And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash. 13:17 And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual: 13:18 And another company turned the way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness. 13:19 Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:

They took all the smiths. 13:20 But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock. 13:21 Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. 13:22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.

Only two people had swords; Saul was rejected, only one person could save Israel, Jonathan was prepared to be king. He missed out because of the father. 13:23 And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.


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Chapter 14 – Jonathan Defeats the Philistines 14:1 Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines' garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father.

PP the armourbearer was also a man of faith and prayer. Two young man are going to take on the whole army with one sword 14:2 And Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him were about six hundred men; 14:3 And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone. 14:4 And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. 14:5 The forefront of the one was situate northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah. 14:6 And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the LORD will work for us: for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.

Uncircumcised; Statement of Faith! We only need on dedicated person. Jonathans famous words of faith. 14:7 And his armourbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart. 14:8 Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them. 14:9 If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them. 14:10 But if they say thus, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the LORD hath delivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign unto us. 14:11 And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes where they had hid themselves. 14:12 And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the LORD hath delivered them into the hand of Israel. 14:13 And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armourbearer slew after him.

Verses 13 to 15.First they only slew 20. PP shows they got there before the Philistines realized they were there. Then the quake came and they thought it was a huge army. PP Angels of heaven were


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fighting with them. When the earth shook, Jonathan understood that as the providence of God and it gave him greater faith. 14:14 And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow.

The were fighting with all their might in working, the believed that God would deliver but they put all their effort in. 14:15 And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled, and the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling. 14:16 And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one another. 14:17 Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there. 14:18 And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God. For the ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel.

Why is Saul taking the Ark out? Saul had been taken by Samuel that God is not with him. I’m going to bypass the Prophet and go right to the Ark 14:19 And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand. 14:20 And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture. 14:21 Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan. 14:22 Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle.

All the men came out of hiding and pursued the army. 14:23 So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Bethaven. 14:24 And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.

Saul's ridiculous statement that no one could eat. No eating till I have destroyed my enemies; The result of this was the people commit a sin by eating blood. 14:25 And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground. 14:26 And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey dropped; but no man put his hand to his mouth: for the people feared the oath. 14:27 But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth


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the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened. 14:28 Then answered one of the people, and said, Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food this day. And the people were faint. 14:29 Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey. 14:30 How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines? 14:31 And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint. 14:32 And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood. 14:33 Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the LORD, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day.

They did this because they were so starved and they didn't want to wait for anything to get cooked. And this was because of Saul's ridiculous restriction. 14:34 And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheep, and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the LORD in eating with the blood. And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and slew them there. 14:35 And Saul built an altar unto the LORD: the same was the first altar that he built unto the LORD. 14:36 And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto thee. Then said the priest, Let us draw near hither unto God. 14:37 And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he answered him not that day. 14:38 And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. 14:39 For, as the LORD liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among all the people that answered him. 14:40 Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee. 14:41 Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped. 14:42 And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. 14:43 Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die. 14:44 And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan.


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Lots fell on Jonathan – Told he had to die. After the battle, Saul says Jonathan must die and the people stood up for him. 14:45 And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not.

Did the people think that they made a bad choice is wanting a king? 14:46 Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the Philistines went to their own place. 14:47 So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines: and whithersoever he turned himself, he vexed them.

Interestingly enough Saul vexed enemies on all things. He was successful in rallying Israel to fight. 14:48 And he gathered an host, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them. 14:49 Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchishua: and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal: 14:50 And the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam, the daughter of Ahimaaz: and the name of the captain of his host was Abner, the son of Ner, Saul's uncle. 14:51 And Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel. 14:52 And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul: and when Saul saw any strong man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

He took all the best men for his army. Some of the best man in Israel.


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Chapter 15 – The rejection of Saul as King 15:1 Samuel also said unto Saul, The LORD sent me to anoint thee to be king over his people, over Israel: now therefore hearken thou unto the voice of the words of the LORD.

Samuel specifically said the Lord has sent me. Because Samuel left him. This was a chance for Saul to show he learned something. This is from God 15:2 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt.

When the children of Israel crossed the red sea and before they got to Mt. Sinai word got around to all the nations of what the Lord had down. The plagues and crossing the red sea. The Amalek's determined in their hearts that they would defy the God of heaven and the evidence of His power. They wanted to exterminate them. So they attacked with the intent of wiping them out. This is the story of when Moses hands were held up by Aaron and Hur. Now their cup of iniquity is full and Samuel is reminding Saul of that history. The cup is full for the Amalek 15:3 Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.

PP comments: People question the justice and mercy of God by the acts in the OT. Some wondered why God gave directions for them not to get the spoil "solely as an act of obedience of God for the purpose of executing His judgment…Amelekites" – This was not for Israel to profit from. PP says it was his greatest victory. It fostered pride in his heart. Total destruction 15:4 And Saul gathered the people together, and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand men of Judah. 15:5 And Saul came to a city of Amalek, and laid wait in the valley. 15:6 And Saul said unto the Kenites, Go, depart, get you down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them: for ye shewed kindness to all the children of Israel, when they came up out of Egypt. So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites.

The Kenites where relatives of Jethro. 15:7 And Saul smote the Amalekites from Havilah until thou comest to Shur, that is over against Egypt. 15:8 And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive, and utterly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. 15:9 But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, and of the oxen, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was good, and would not utterly destroy them: but every thing that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly.

Anything that they knew was wrong, they destroyed. The idols, etc. Saul and the People speared the king and the sheep 15:10 Then came the word of the LORD unto Samuel, saying,


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15:11 It repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king: for he is turned back from following me, and hath not performed my commandments. And it grieved Samuel; and he cried unto the LORD all night.

“repent” does God ever need to repent? PP: Man's repentance implies a change of mind. God's repentance implies a change of circumstances and relations. Repentance Man v God (PP p609); Samuel had a love for people 15:12 And when Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning, it was told Samuel, saying, Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he set him up a place, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal. 15:13 And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said unto him, Blessed be thou of the LORD: I have performed the commandment of the LORD.

Saul really felt that he had done the commandment of the Lord. 15:14 And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear? 15:15 And Saul said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen, to sacrifice unto the LORD thy God; and the rest we have utterly destroyed.

The kept the sheep to sacrifice so that they would not loss their own flocks. 15:16 Then Samuel said unto Saul, Stay, and I will tell thee what the LORD hath said to me this night. And he said unto him, Say on. 15:17 And Samuel said, When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes of Israel, and the LORD anointed thee king over Israel? 15:18 And the LORD sent thee on a journey, and said, Go and utterly destroy the sinners the Amalekites, and fight against them until they be consumed. 15:19 Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of the LORD? 15:20 And Saul said unto Samuel, Yea, I have obeyed the voice of the LORD, and have gone the way which the LORD sent me, and have brought Agag the king of Amalek, and have utterly destroyed the Amalekites. 15:21 But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed, to sacrifice unto the LORD thy God in Gilgal.

Sounds like a good motive. PP they intended this not to be a sacrifice. They would use their animals instead of their own. 15:22 And Samuel said, Hath the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams.

KEY TEXT! PP: No matter how zealous men may be…commands. Without penitence and faith what good is the sacrifice. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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15:23 For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry. Because thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, he hath also rejected thee from being king.

PP 635 originated with Satan..all rebellion against God is directly due to satanic influence. 15:24 And Saul said unto Samuel, I have sinned: for I have transgressed the commandment of the LORD, and thy words: because I feared the people, and obeyed their voice.

PP Saul acknowledged his guilt, but it was not complete because he was blaming people. You cannot accept your guilt if you are blaming other people. For those who want to do right and they have not been able to have a close walk with God. This is most likely the problem. They are still looking at someone else instead of circumstances. We as humans are good at partial repentance. Because his acknowledging of guilt was not complete God could not open up and give Him the gift of repentance because he didn't haven't true godly sorrow. Verse 24 shows subtlety how someone can direct the blame to someone else. Twice Saul says he did all that the lord asked, but now he says he sinned because of the people. This is what makes Saul and David different. 15:25 Now therefore, I pray thee, pardon my sin, and turn again with me, that I may worship the LORD. 15:26 And Samuel said unto Saul, I will not return with thee: for thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, and the LORD hath rejected thee from being king over Israel. 15:27 And as Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the skirt of his mantle, and it rent. 15:28 And Samuel said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine, that is better than thou. 15:29 And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that he should repent. 15:30 Then he said, I have sinned: yet honour me now, I pray thee, before the elders of my people, and before Israel, and turn again with me, that I may worship the LORD thy God.

Here is a give away. His acknowledging of sin is very short. It is quick. Please stay and hold me up in the eyes of the people. Why did Samuel cooperate? To keep anarchy (total chaos) from happening. God likes order and wants to work in a proper way. Saul has not understood repentance 15:31 So Samuel turned again after Saul; and Saul worshipped the LORD.

Samuel went after Saul so there was no revolt. 15:32 Then said Samuel, Bring ye hither to me Agag the king of the Amalekites. And Agag came unto him delicately. And Agag said, Surely the bitterness of death is past. 15:33 And Samuel said, As thy sword hath made women childless, so shall thy mother be childless among women. And Samuel hewed Agag in pieces before the LORD in Gilgal. PP An act of justice..rebuke the course of Saul.'

This act was to show people that Saul didn't do right. Samuel kill’s the king 15:34 Then Samuel went to Ramah; and Saul went up to his house to Gibeah of Saul.


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15:35 And Samuel came no more to see Saul until the day of his death: nevertheless Samuel mourned for Saul: and the LORD repented that he had made Saul king over Israel.

Samuel really loved Saul, they were close, but he can't go to Saul anymore. Samuel and Saul split.


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Chapter 16 – Anointing of David as King 16:1 And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons. 16:2 And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the LORD said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.

Samuel fears for his own life You don't think that Samuel would be afraid, but he knew Saul was like that. 16:3 And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee. 16:4 And Samuel did that which the LORD spake, and came to Bethlehem. And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceably? 16:5 And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the LORD: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice. 16:6 And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD'S anointed is before him. 16:7 But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

The Lord looks on the inside and not the outside. He was the first born, reminiscent of Saul. Tall good looking. Don't look on the outside. KEY TEXT. As humans we have a hard time with this. We can't read hearts. 16:8 Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this. 16:9 Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this. 16:10 Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these. 16:11 And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither. 16:12 And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he. 16:13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

“midst” – PP: this doesn't mean that they were right there. The ceremony was in secret. It was done somewhere near the home.


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MT Ps 36:7 (reading schedule #6 (this concept is the most important in the Great Con. The GC is a question of is God who He says He is and can we truth Him. Those who can trust Him will be saved.) “spirit of the Lord came upon David” – (*PO horn used to anoint, showing he had power. Wicked cut off, could refer to Saul. Study!) What does this mean? In what special way did it come on him? PP spent 3 pages on: He was writing psalms. He was given a gift in the area of writing inspiring poetry and music. His ability was increased. 641 "With new inspiration…harp" 642-643 – It was this skill on his harp that God used to bring him to the palace. Ex. Bear and Lion shows faith that he had. Oiled in the midst means in the same place but no one knew about it; Spirit of the Lord came upon him. PP When the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, he did a lot of Psalm writing. Psa 8:1 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens.

The key thing that comes out in this Psalms is God's creative ability. Psa 8:3-4 [3] When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; [4] What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?

The contrast with the universe and man is a vast one. Man was so small. He is asking this not because he thinks that God didn't value man, but he knows that God does despite his problems. Psa 8:5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour.

This text brings out one element about the nature of man. This shows that man was made lower than the angels for a time. If Adam would not have sinned that would have changed. Psa 19:1 The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.

This Psalm also brings out the creatorship of God and His perfect law. Note: For devotion type out all points on this Psalm. It is powerful. This is a clear text that shows that God is the creator. Psa 19:6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.

This text shows the nature of God. God can be from one end of heaven from the other. He is not limited in space like the rest of His creatures. Psa 19:7 The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple.

The law doesn't convert a person by itself. But it plays a role in conversion. The NT shows that it brings conviction leading them to seek Christ. (*PO God's creation in the beginning was perfect, but sin caused it to be marred. Man was created perfect, but sin caused him to be marred. Creation will be restored in the earth made new, but man can be restored now through conversion that comes from being in harmony with the law.) Psa 19:11


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In keeping them all there is great reward. This doesn't mean that we keep them to gain a reward. Psa 19:12 Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults.

This shows that in and of ourselves we are incapable of knowing who we are and seeing who we are. Salvation/Justification: No one can come to Christ who doesn't know his or her need. It is the work of the Holy Spirit who helps us understand our errors. Show me my self deception. KEY TEXT: We need God to see our faults. If the HS doesn't work on us, we can't acknowledge our guilt. Nature of man: in our condition of sin we cannot recognize this. Psa 19:13-14 [13] Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression. [14] Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O LORD, my strength, and my redeemer.

Our words are not acceptable unless we are partakers of the righteousness of Christ and His mediation for us as represented by the altar of incense. 16:14 But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD troubled him.

Evil Spirit of the Lord came upon Saul; (PP p60?) Spirit of Jealousy; The evil spirit is just like the hardening of Pharaohs heart. Saul’s response is evil. 16:15 And Saul's servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee. 16:16 Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harp: and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well. 16:17 And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can play well, and bring him to me. 16:18 Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.

David was already known to be a mighty fighter. 16:19 Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep. 16:20 And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul. 16:21 And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer. 16:22 And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight. 16:23 And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.


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Chapter 17 – David & Goliath: Battle at the Valley of Elah Challenges facing us 1. Goliath – objects stoping us from advancing 2. People who want to fight but don’t know how to do it 3. Young - age How David handled the challenges 1 Sam 16:15 We need the Spirit of the Lord 1 Sam 17:15 Did what God had him do 1 Sam 17: We need to wait till the father sends us 1 Sam 17:25 Jealous for Gods glory 1 Sam 17: Remember how God has lead in the past 1 Sam 17:38 We can not fight in someone’s prayer Ps 8:3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; Ps 19:12 Who can understand [his] errors? cleanse thou me from secret [faults].

David wrote this: Man does not really understand his own ways 17:1 Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim. 17:2 And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines. 17:3 And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them. 17:4 And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span.

Goliath: 1SP 370 it says he was 12 ft tall. PP: she shows that the brother picking on David had to do with more than him being irritated with a little brother. The visit of Samuel made them suspicious and jealous. David was honored above them for something they didn't know, and David was playing the harp for the king. *PO – When you get honored you don't need to make it known. 1T 312

How many stones – how many brothers. How many books of the bible. 17:5 And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass. 17:6 And he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders. 17:7 And the staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a shield went before him.


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17:8 And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. 17:9 If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us. 17:10 And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

Israel was ready to fight. 17:11 When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. 17:12 Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehemjudah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 17:13 And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 17:14 And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul. 17:15 But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem. 17:16 And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days. 17:17 And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren; 17:18 And carry these ten cheeses unto the captain of their thousand, and look how thy brethren fare, and take their pledge. 17:19 Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel, were in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. 17:20 And David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with a keeper, and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded him; and he came to the trench, as the host was going forth to the fight, and shouted for the battle. 17:21 For Israel and the Philistines had put the battle in array, army against army. 17:22 And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage, and ran into the army, and came and saluted his brethren. 17:23 And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard them. 17:24 And all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid.

Israel was scared to do it. 17:25 And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come


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up: and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel. 17:26 And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God? 17:27 And the people answered him after this manner, saying, So shall it be done to the man that killeth him. 17:28 And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. 17:29 And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause? 17:30 And he turned from him toward another, and spake after the same manner: and the people answered him again after the former manner. 17:31 And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them before Saul: and he sent for him. 17:32 And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. 17:33 And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.

His age. 17:34 And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock:

Recounts how he was lead in the past. He spoke these words to all before he had proved that this would happen. But if he had of just stood there and did nothing he would not have won. 17:35 And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. 17:36 Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God. 17:37 David said moreover, The LORD that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the LORD be with thee. 17:38 And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. 17:39 And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him. 17:40 And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them


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in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. 17:41 And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him. 17:42 And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance. 17:43 And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. 17:44 And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. 17:45 Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. 17:46 This day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. PP 648 There was a ring of fearlessness in his tone, a look of triumph and rejoicing upon his fair countenance. This speech, given in a clear, musical voice, rang out on the air, and was distinctly heard by the listening thousands marshaled for war.

God situated him in a place where all of them could hear it. Anger for the Lords honour 17:47 And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD'S, and he will give you into our hands. 17:48 And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. 17:49 And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. 17:50 So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David. 17:51 Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled. 17:52 And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto Gath, and unto Ekron. 17:53 And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they spoiled their tents. 17:54 And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armour in his tent. 17:55 And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the


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host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell. 17:56 And the king said, Enquire thou whose son the stripling is. 17:57 And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand. 17:58 And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.


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Chapter 18 – Saul's Jealousy of David Saul tied to get David to marry his youngest daughter, he required 100 foreskins; David when out and got 200 foreskins. David is now in the son-in-law. David was able to see that being a king was not fun. 18:1 And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. 18:2 And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father's house. 18:3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul. 18:4 And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.

Jonathan should have been king. And there is no evidence that he coveted or desired to be King. Or to take matters in his hands. He simply believed the words of the prophet. “robe” Jonathan was a prince. These were not ordinary garments. Gave all things to David, Acknowledging that David was to be king 18:5 And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul's servants.

David was put in charge – Promoted; It didn’t not change his attitude PP: Trying to get David out of his sight, and this made David more prominent. But at the same time he didn't want to demote him because he needed the blessing of God. It goes on that in the providence of God to give David exposure to the people to show he would be a good king. *PO It is necessary to get exposure in the providence of God to show that you will be a good leader. 18:6 And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of musick. 18:7 And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands.

Women came out and praised David; This hurt Saul (PP 650) 18:8 And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him; and he said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed but thousands: and what can he have more but the kingdom? 18:9 And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.

Saul watched out for David PP The demon of jealousy entered the heart of Saul. This was the one great defect. He had to have


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praise and exaltation. This was the cause of all his problems. 18:10 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul's hand.

Twice Saul tries to kill David. “evil spirit from God' PP Saul had not learned, while ruling the kingdom of Israel, that he should rule his own spirit. He allowed his impulses to control his judgment, until he was plunged into a fury of passion. He had paroxysms of rage, when he was ready to take the life of any who dared oppose his will. From this frenzy he would pass into a state of despondency and self-contempt, and remorse would take possession of his soul.

Why was he despondent and with self-contempt? Who was working on his heart? The Holy Spirit was working on his heart to convict him of guilt and bring him to repentance. But when he resisted the HS all he had was despondency, remorse, etc. Dana believes that they are bringing out that God was striving with him and he was resisting. He felt guilt, and instead of yielding to God he yielded to a demon of melancholy. When it says it came from God. This had to be his response as to what God was trying to do. Note: Eli Seagle. 'if you try to like yourself for the wrong reason, you will dislike yourself for the right reason.' Law of the mind: Self-contempt comes from this: If you don't like yourself for something, it is because of something you did that you should be ashamed of. YI 407 God never hardens the heart in any other way than by giving great light.

If you think God hardens hearts in any other way, you have a wrong conception of who He is. And if you have that, this will cause you to hold back from full trust. He doesn't desire to do evil to anyone. Even at the 2nd coming, what destroys the wicked? Light. It is not an act of evil, it is an act of light. And light and darkness do not mix. First episode of the javelin. He didn't give the wife. 18:11 And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice. 18:12 And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul.

Saul is trying to kill someone who has God. 18:13 Therefore Saul removed him from him, and made him his captain over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people.

David was demoted – Still did not change his attitude. 18:14 And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; and the LORD was with him. 18:15 Wherefore when Saul saw that he behaved himself very wisely, he was afraid of him. 18:16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and came in before them.


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18:17 And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD'S battles. For Saul said, Let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him. 18:18 And David said unto Saul, Who am I? and what is my life, or my father's family in Israel, that I should be son in law to the king? 18:19 But it came to pass at the time when Merab Saul's daughter should have been given to David, that she was given unto Adriel the Meholathite to wife. 18:20 And Michal Saul's daughter loved David: and they told Saul, and the thing pleased him.

But another woman loved him. 18:21 And Saul said, I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him. Wherefore Saul said to David, Thou shalt this day be my son in law in the one of the twain. 18:22 And Saul commanded his servants, saying, Commune with David secretly, and say, Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee: now therefore be the king's son in law. 18:23 And Saul's servants spake those words in the ears of David. And David said, Seemeth it to you a light thing to be a king's son in law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? 18:24 And the servants of Saul told him, saying, On this manner spake David. 18:25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. 18:26 And when his servants told David these words, it pleased David well to be the king's son in law: and the days were not expired. 18:27 Wherefore David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king's son in law. And Saul gave him Michal his daughter to wife. 18:28 And Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David, and that Michal Saul's daughter loved him. 18:29 And Saul was yet the more afraid of David; and Saul became David's enemy continually. 18:30 Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by.


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Chapter 19 – Saul tries to kill David 19:1 And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.

Saul needed to kill David – David had God with him by Saul did not 19:2 But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:

Jonathan is interceding for David 19:3 And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee. 19:4 And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good: 19:5 For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause? 19:6 And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the LORD liveth, he shall not be slain.

Saul says he will not kill him. 19:7 And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past.

Jonathan intervened for David's sake. 19:8 And there was war again: and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled from him. 19:9 And the evil spirit from the LORD was upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with his hand.

Evil spirit come upon Saul again. Second case of the javelin. 19:10 And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the javelin; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the javelin into the wall: and David fled, and escaped that night. 19:11 Saul also sent messengers unto David's house, to watch him, and to slay him in the morning: and Michal David's wife told him, saying, If thou save not thy life to night, to morrow thou shalt be slain.

Saul says I am going to kill him. David’s wife told David to leave His wife helped him escape out of a window. 19:12 So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped. 19:13 And Michal took an image, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' hair for his bolster, and


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covered it with a cloth.

Michal was trained by Saul, and lied. 19:14 And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, He is sick. 19:15 And Saul sent the messengers again to see David, saying, Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may slay him. 19:16 And when the messengers were come in, behold, there was an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats' hair for his bolster. 19:17 And Saul said unto Michal, Why hast thou deceived me so, and sent away mine enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal answered Saul, He said unto me, Let me go; why should I kill thee? 19:18 So David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth.

David went to see Saul; David was training here. Saul must have been mad now Psa 59:1-3 [1] Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me. [2] Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men. [3]For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD.

These men were lying against him in wait. Psa 59:17 Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy.

Conclusion. Summary: This shows the connection with what was going on. 19:19 And it was told Saul, saying, Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah. 19:20 And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.

They start to prophecy of Christ. So did Saul – This should have been a sign to leave David alone 19:21 And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also.

God gave his spirit to control the situation. 19:22 Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that is in Sechu: and he asked and said, Where are Samuel and David? And one said, Behold, they be at Naioth in Ramah. 19:23 And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah. 19:24 And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Is Saul also among the prophets?


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Chapter 20 – Jonathan warns David This chapter shows David fleeing. He couldn't trust Saul. Jonathan thinks his father has changed. In this chapter they discuss what to do at the feast. 20:1 And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life? 20:2 And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so. 20:3 And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death. 20:4 Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.

Jonathan set up a plan to know if David is in danger with Saul. The third javelin episode happens. 20:5 And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. 20:6 If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family. 20:7 If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him. 20:8 Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father? 20:9 And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee? 20:10 Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly? 20:11 And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field. 20:12 And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee; 20:13 The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with thee, as he hath been with my father. 20:14 And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the LORD, that I die not: 20:15 But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the LORD hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth. 20:16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the


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hand of David's enemies. 20:17 And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul. 20:18 Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. 20:19 And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. 20:20 And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark. 20:21 And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the LORD liveth. 20:22 But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away. 20:23 And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever. 20:24 So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat. 20:25 And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty. 20:26 Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean. 20:27 And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day? 20:28 And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem: 20:29 And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table. 20:30 Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness? 20:31 For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die. 20:32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done? 20:33 And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.


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20:34 So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame. 20:35 And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him. 20:36 And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. 20:37 And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee? 20:38 And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master. 20:39 But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter. 20:40 And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city. 20:41 And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.

David kept his promise. 20:42 And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.


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Chapter 21 – David’s lack of trust (David leaves again) 21:1 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee? 21:2 And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place.

David had done nothing wrong up and till this point. This is David's first recorded sin. He lied to Ahimelech. He wanted food, etc. 21:3 Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present. 21:4 And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women.

Eats the shewbread 21:5 And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel. 21:6 So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away. 21:7 Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul.

This guy was a witness to this and because of that, David didn't feel safe. So he fled. 21:8 And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste. 21:9 And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

David was able to use the giants sword. 21:10 And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

David when to the city of the Philistine. He went to a Philistine king. This was not the best move. At this particular time is not showing the faith and confidence in God that he had up to this time. So he was not thinking clearly. No one knew what he looked like even though his fame spread about Goliath. But some recognized him. So because he was in a hot spot 21:11 And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands? 21:12 And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.


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21:13 And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

David acted as a fool. So he put on an act because he was in a hot spot. PP 656 God requires that truthfulness shall mark his people even in the greatest peril.

Under pressure sometimes people lose their faith. Illus: Hiding place Cory Tin Boone, German soldiers came for the Jews. No one spoke, then said they are under here. God over ruled it. Telling the truth can be a real test. We say yes now, but persecution always shows whose experience was surface and whose was serious to the heart. 21:14 Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me? 21:15 Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?


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Chapter 22 – Saul slays priests in Hebron & David hides in cave He leaves Gath for Adullam. PP 657: This experience taught him (his failure) wisdom, helped him understand his dependence. "Every failure on the part of the children of God is due to their lack of faith." Failures show a lack of faith. PP: SOP tells us that when he was in this cave and he had time to think, he wrote Ps 57 Review: What verse in the Bible shows that even though Israel had a king, they were still under a theocracy? 1 Samuel 10:25 What verse in the bible shows that man cannot understand his own errors without the help of God? Psalms 19:12 At what point in Saul's life did he commit the unpardonable sin? His visit with the witch at Endor What city did Achish the king of Gath, give to David and his man for their dwelling place? Ziklag In what city was David established as the King of Judah? Hebron The death of what two individual's opened the way for David to be king of all the tribes of Israel? Abner and Ishobeth 22:1 David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father's house heard it, they went down thither to him.

Went back to Israel 400 man army; His family joined him as the could not trust Saul anymore (Ps 133). Many joined him. He went to the king of Moab to arrange for the parents. Psa 57:4 My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.

He felt like he was being hunted all the time. Psa 57:6 They have prepared a net for my steps; my soul is bowed down: they have digged a pit before me, into the midst whereof they are fallen themselves. Selah. 22:2 And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him about four hundred men. 22:3 And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me. 22:4 And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was


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in the hold. 22:5 And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth.

David had a prophet Gad with him, who becomes the kings seer. Prophet Gad told him not to abide there. (*PO We see a noncanonical prophet using authority over a canonical prophet.) 22:6 When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;) 22:7 Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds;

Who is giving the information to Saul? Saul is bribing people. He is paranoid. 22:8 That all of you have conspired against me, and there is none that sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or sheweth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day? 22:9 Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.

Doeg is in league with. 22:10 And he enquired of the LORD for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine. 22:11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father's house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king. 22:12 And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, Here I am, my lord. 22:13 And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?

Saul goes to get the priests. 22:14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king's son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house? 22:15 Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this, less or more. 22:16 And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father's house. 22:17 And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD. 22:18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and


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he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod. 22:19 And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

“Nob” – completely wiped out the priests, When God asked him to do it he didn’t, but when it came to his own command he did it (PP p659). He killed 85 people. Showed that he killed the inhabitants of the city. This is like what Herod did to Bethlehem. Now Doeg is doing it for Saul. Psalms 52 (About Doeg) Psa 52:1-2 [1] Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness of God endureth continually. [2] Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.

And this is how Doeg's word affected Saul and brought him to rage. Psa 52:7 Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength; but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in his wickedness.

This brought out the fact that he was bribed. He profited from what he did. 22:20 And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.

A member of Ahim/Abihar family escaped and made his abode with David. Psalms 27 (related to this). Abiathar the priest fled and Joined David Ps 52. David feels responsible. Because if he would have been honest with Ahimelech he would have known how to handle Saul. Psalms 27 is a time of trouble Psalm. Psa 27:4 One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple.

This reminds us of what Jesus said 'seek ye first the kingdom of God' put this first and make sure you are right with God at all times. Psa 27:5 For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock.

This could be a quote for the 144,000 Psa 27:9 Hide not thy face far from me; put not thy servant away in anger: thou hast been my help; leave me not, neither forsake me, O God of my salvation.

Can you see why David would be concerned about being left? Doeg killed the people. He had guilt because of this. Psa 27:11-12 [11] Teach me thy way, O LORD, and lead me in a plain path, because of mine enemies. [12] Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.

We will have to deal with false rumors. One day our life will be on the line, and we will have to deal with it like Christ. Psa 27:13-14 [13] I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the LORD in the land of


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the living. [14] Wait on the LORD: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart: wait, I say, on the LORD.

With all of these things to worry about, but just trust God. In spite of everything that is going on this Psalm shows confidence in God. 22:21 And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD'S priests. 22:22 And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all the persons of thy father's house. 22:23 Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguard.


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Chapter 23 – David betrayed by the Ziphities The actions of Saul at this time are making people want a new king YI God never hardens the heart in any other way than by giving great light. 23:1 Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors. 23:2 Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.

David asked of God counsel before acting 23:3 And David's men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? 23:4 Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand. 23:5 So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.

After what David did, he tought he would be a welcomed guest there, then Saul came there. 23:6 And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand. 23:7 And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars. 23:8 And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men. 23:9 And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.

Abiathar is the last priest; the eohod 23:10 Then said David, O LORD God of Israel, thy servant hath certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake. 23:11 Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O LORD God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And the LORD said, He will come down. 23:12 Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver thee up. 23:13 Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth. 23:14 And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.


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23:15 And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood. 23:16 And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God. 23:17 And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.

Jonathan expresses his intents here. He knew he would be king, and Jonathan would be happy to be by his side. He never had the chance. After this meeting with Jonathan, this is when David wrote Psalms 11 (PP) 23:18 And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house. 23:19 Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?

While in Ziph – Ps 100 was written. The Ziphites told Saul where David was. Saul spent so much time hunting David; David was not a threat to Israel, thus Saul was wasting time and resources. 23:20 Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king's hand.

While David was in this wilderness he wrote Psalms 54 (in the wilderness of Mayon, maybe). 23:21 And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion on me. 23:22 Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he dealeth very subtilly. 23:23 See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands of Judah. 23:24 And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon. 23:25 Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.

Saul came to the wilderness of mayon. 23:26 And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.

He was surrounded. 23:27 But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have invaded the land.


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God worked it out. David did nothing to get out of it. 23:28 Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Selahammahlekoth. 23:29 And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at Engedi.


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Chapter 24 – David spares Saul at Engedi 24:1 And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of Engedi. 24:2 Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats. 24:3 And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave. 24:4 And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the LORD said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul's robe privily.

Saul came into the cave where David was David's men knew that this was the providence of God that allowed him to be in this position. They knew that it was time to kill him. But David had a different opinion. Note: Who wrote Samuel? Some say Gad could have. Jews say Samuel, but others say Samuel some, and someone wrote the rest. 24:5 And it came to pass afterward, that David's heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul's skirt. 24:6 And he said unto his men, The LORD forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the LORD'S anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD. 24:7 So David stayed his servants with these words, and suffered them not to rise against Saul. But Saul rose up out of the cave, and went on his way.

“stayed” held them back. 24:8 David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, David stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed himself. 24:9 And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearest thou men's words, saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt? 24:10 Behold, this day thine eyes have seen how that the LORD had delivered thee to day into mine hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee: but mine eye spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against my lord; for he is the LORD'S anointed. 24:11 Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it. 24:12 The LORD judge between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. 24:13 As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. 24:14 After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a


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flea. 24:15 The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand. 24:16 And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

Saul wept. God was trying to bring him to repentance through the kindness of David. 24:17 And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 24:18 And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not. 24:19 For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day. 24:20 And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand.

Saul knew that David would be king. 24:21 Swear now therefore unto me by the LORD, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father's house. 24:22 And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the hold.

Then Saul asked him to protect his descendents and David agreed. Many think Saul committed the unpardonable sin because the Spirit left him and an evil spirit was in him. But PP says it was not until he went to the witch of endor until the door was shut. He had a hard heart for a long time. God wasn't going to use him anymore as king, but He didn't not completely leave him. His salvation wasn't settled when he was rejected as king. Now go to 1 Chronicles 21 and 22 and then 1 Kings 1.


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Chapter 25 – David married Abigail | Death of Samuel We have the account of Samuel dying. 25:1 And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.

Samuel died. He was the key leader. The king which they had chosen had killed all the priests. While David was in the wilderness of Paran. PP says he wrote Psalms 120 and 121 Psa 120:1-2 [1] In my distress I cried unto the LORD, and he heard me. [2] Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful tongue. Psa 121:1-2 [1] I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. [2] My help cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth. Psa 121:7 The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul. 25:2 And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

David flee’s again and comes to a big land owner. Nabal and Abigail are spoken of. Verses 13 tells us David's response: According to the customs of Israel traveler's coming by could partake of the men's crop as long as they didn't camp and eat everything up. David's group was big. In V.2 Nabal was rich but wouldn't share. David responded in a hot headed manner. The Abigail intervenes. 25:3 Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb. 25:4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep. 25:5 And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name: 25:6 And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou hast. 25:7 And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel. 25:8 Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David. 25:9 And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased. 25:10 And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master. 25:11 Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give


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it unto men, whom I know not whence they be? 25:12 So David's young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings. 25:13 And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff. 25:14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them. 25:15 But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields: 25:16 They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. 25:17 Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him. 25:18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. 25:19 And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal. 25:20 And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them. 25:21 Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good. 25:22 So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

David was going to kill everyone. 25:23 And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, 25:24 And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid.

Abigail approaches David as king, she saved her house hold. 25:25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send. 25:26 Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.


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She tells David how he was about to try and do things his own way. 25:27 And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord. 25:28 I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid: for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD, and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days.

She was bring to remembrance that he fights the wars of the Lords. This shows the spirit of Abagail. She comes and asks for forgiveness, even though it was her husband. 25:29 Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling. 25:30 And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel;

She realized that David would be king. She is saying when the time comes and you are king you don't want to look back and have regrets for this. 25:31 That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid. 25:32 And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:

David took the rebuke. 25:33 And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.

He says thanks for saving me from offending myself. 25:34 For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. 25:35 So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.

She saved her husband and the whole household. David wrote Ps 141 with this situation in mind (PP). Ps 141:2-4 [2] Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. [3] Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips. [4] Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practise wicked works with men that work iniquity: and let me not eat of their dainties.

This refers to Nabal. Lord help me not to respond this way to wicked people. Psa 141:5 Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness: and let him reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil, which shall not break my head: for yet my prayer also shall be in their calamities.


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EGW quoted this applying it to Abigail. She gave David a kind reproof. Psa 141:10 Let the wicked fall into their own nets, whilst that I withal escape.

This came true in Nabal's case. 25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.

He was drunk. 25:37 But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone.

She told him. “became as stone” – PP He was a coward at heart and he realized how close he was to dying. And he realized that David was still out there. 25:38 And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died.

He had a heart attack. EGW; PP Paralysis. 25:39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

Reminds us of Psalms 141, the wicked falling the net. 25:40 And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.

David took him her as wife this is here third wife. 25:41 And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord. 25:42 And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife. PP 668 David afterward married Abigail. He was already the husband of one wife, but the custom of the nations of his time had perverted his judgment and influenced his actions. Even great and good men have erred in following the practices of the world. The bitter result of marrying many wives was sorely felt throughout all the life of David.

David was not excused. He didn't think it through enough. He followed the world. God allowed the natural consequences to follow him to teach him this lesson. And also to be a lesson to us. He had the example of Abraham and Jacob. 25:43 David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives.


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25:44 But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.


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Chapter 26 – David spares Saul at the hill of Hachilah 26:1 And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon? 26:2 Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph.

David should have known to stay away from here. These people were spies. 26:3 And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness. 26:4 David therefore sent out spies, and understood that Saul was come in very deed. 26:5 And David arose, and came to the place where Saul had pitched: and David beheld the place where Saul lay, and Abner the son of Ner, the captain of his host: and Saul lay in the trench, and the people pitched round about him. 26:6 Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite, and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah, brother to Joab, saying, Who will go down with me to Saul to the camp? And Abishai said, I will go down with thee. 26:7 So David and Abishai came to the people by night: and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the trench, and his spear stuck in the ground at his bolster: but Abner and the people lay round about him. 26:8 Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand this day: now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear even to the earth at once, and I will not smite him the second time.

Abishai was wanting to go in for the kill, but David would not let him do it. 26:9 And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the LORD'S anointed, and be guiltless?

David stops him. 26:10 David said furthermore, As the LORD liveth, the LORD shall smite him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall descend into battle, and perish. 26:11 The LORD forbid that I should stretch forth mine hand against the LORD'S anointed: but, I pray thee, take thou now the spear that is at his bolster, and the cruse of water, and let us go.

“bolser” this is like a pillow. 26:12 So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's bolster; and they gat them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither awaked: for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them.

How did David know the deep sleep was from the Lord, or did he? 26:13 Then David went over to the other side, and stood on the top of an hill afar off; a great space being between them:


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26:14 And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, Answerest thou not, Abner? Then Abner answered and said, Who art thou that criest to the king? 26:15 And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord. 26:16 This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the LORD liveth, ye are w orthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the LORD'S anointed. And now see where the king's spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster. 26:17 And Saul knew David's voice, and said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king.

Saul knew David's voice. 26:18 And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand? 26:19 Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If the LORD have stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering: but if they be the children of men, cursed be they before the LORD; for they have driven me out this day from abiding in the inheritance of the LORD, saying, Go, serve other gods. 26:20 Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth before the face of the LORD: for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea, as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains. 26:21 Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David: for I will no more do thee harm, because my soul was precious in thine eyes this day: behold, I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly. 26:22 And David answered and said, Behold the king's spear! and let one of the young men come over and fetch it. 26:23 The LORD render to every man his righteousness and his faithfulness: for the LORD delivered thee into my hand to day, but I would not stretch forth mine hand against the LORD'S anointed.

Psalms 16 (may not directly fit) Psa 16:8 I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved.

Who tried to move David at this right hand while standing next to Saul? Abishi. David refused. Note: All memory texts are key texts Psa 16:9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also shall rest in hope.

Continues the thought. David has a feeling of rest and hope because Saul left. Psa 16:10 For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.

Peter uses this in referring to Jesus.(*PO So this whole Psalm refers to Jesus.study!) 26:24 And, behold, as thy life was much set by this day in mine eyes, so let my life be much set by in the eyes of the LORD, and let him deliver me out of all tribulation.


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26:25 Then Saul said to David, Blessed be thou, my son David: thou shalt both do great things, and also shalt still prevail. So David went on his way, and Saul returned to his place.

This is the last time the Saul chased David


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Chapter 27 – David Flees to the Philistines 27:1 And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more in any coast of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand.

David is no getting scared, and moved to the Philistines. David is getting tired of running away. PP tells us that his trust in God was wearing away at this particular point. 27:2 And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath. 27:3 And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife.

He went to Achish. This is the same king that David acted the fool in front. He almost ended up fighting Israel. The philistines where strengthened because of it. David’s city was attacked. False impression was given that David turned his back on God (PP 672) 27:4 And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him. 27:5 And David said unto Achish, If I have now found grace in thine eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee? 27:6 Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.

Ziklag 27:7 And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

Stayed there one year and four months 27:8 And David and his men went up, and invaded the Geshurites, and the Gezrites, and the Amalekites: for those nations were of old the inhabitants of the land, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.

David exterminated whole towns of the Amalekites so they wouldn't go tell. His job as king was to accomplish Gods purpose with out living it 27:9 And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish. 27:10 And Achish said, Whither have ye made a road to day? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites.

Achish thought he was attacking Hebrew cities. He hates his own people because they have treated him bad. 27:11 And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tidings to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David, and so will be his manner all the while he dwelleth in the country of the Philistines.


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27:12 And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

If he is killing Hebrews they will never take him back. Psa 13:1-2 [1] How long wilt thou forget me, O LORD? for ever? how long wilt thou hide thy face from me? [2] How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?

David is tired of being a fugitive. He thinks that God has forsaken him. So now he uses his own wisdom to escape to the land of the Philistines. Psa 13:3 Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten mine eyes, lest I sleep the sleep of death;

KEY TEXT on the STATE of Dead. Bible refers to death as a sleep. Psa 13:5 But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy salvation.

He will not give up. Psa 42:1 As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.

David illustrates himself as a deer that has been running for his life and is desperate for some water. Psa 42:2, 11 [2] My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God: when shall I come and appear before God? [11] Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God.

He is asking himself, why am I down? David is tired and he hasn't done it all right. And he is down, but he still looks to God. Sometimes we don't know why we are down. We make mistakes, but we should look to God and say show me the way out of this. Psa 43:1 Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man.

This is referring to the philistines. He is questioning whether God is really with him.


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Chapter 28 – Saul visits the Witch of Endor 28:1 And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me to battle, thou and thy men. 28:2 And David said to Achish, Surely thou shalt know what thy servant can do. And Achish said to David, Therefore will I make thee keeper of mine head for ever. 28:3 Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land.

Saul goes to the witch of endor. 28:4 And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa. 28:5 And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled. 28:6 And when Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.

“God answered him not” – Saul is now scared, God is not speaking to Saul (PP 676) Rejected the counsel of the prophet, killed the priests and excelled the King (PP 679) There was still opportunity. PP 676 It makes it clear that God never turns away a soul that is humble. But Saul didn't come to God for this. He wanted power from God to help him. He didn't want to yield. 28:7 Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at Endor.

Saul now committed the unpardonable sin. He could have gotten repentance until this act. PP 679 God had borne long with Saul; and although his rebellion and obstinacy had well-nigh silenced the divine voice in the soul, there was still opportunity for repentance. But when in his peril he turned from God to obtain light from a confederate of Satan, he had cut the last tie that bound him to his Maker; he had placed himself fully under the control of that demoniac power which for years had been exercised upon him, and which had brought him to the verge of destruction.

PP brought out really clear the facts on spiritualism and the state of dead. 28:8 And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me him up, whom I shall name unto thee.

He put on other raiment. 28:9 And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die? 28:10 And Saul sware to her by the LORD, saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing.


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Saul sweared by the Lord, The worship of self leads to the worship of Satan. 28:11 Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel. 28:12 And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul. 28:13 And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth. 28:14 And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself. 28:15 And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. 28:16 Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy? 28:17 And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David:

Verses 17 to 19 tell us that this evil spirit condemned Saul for his sin. When God points out our sins it is to convict us and bring us to repentance. But when the devil does it, it is to crush. They are ready to go to battle at afat. 28:18 Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day. 28:19 Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines. 28:20 Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night. 28:21 And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me. 28:22 Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way. 28:23 But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed. 28:24 And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: 28:25 And she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and


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Chapter 29 – The Philistines reject David 29:1 Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which is in Jezreel. 29:2 And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish. 29:3 Then said the princes of the Philistines, What do these Hebrews here? And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines, Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which hath been with me these days, or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell unto me unto this day?

Why do we have Hebrews, when we are going to fight them. 29:4 And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the heads of these men? 29:5 Is not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands? 29:6 Then Achish called David, and said unto him, Surely, as the LORD liveth, thou hast been upright, and thy going out and thy coming in with me in the host is good in my sight: for I have not found evil in thee since the day of thy coming unto me unto this day: nevertheless the lords favour thee not. 29:7 Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that thou displease not the lords of the Philistines. 29:8 And David said unto Achish, But what have I done? and what hast thou found in thy servant so long as I have been with thee unto this day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king? 29:9 And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle.

PP this smote David's conscience because he was playing a deceiver. 29:10 Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with thy master's servants that are come with thee: and as soon as ye be up early in the morning, and have light, depart. 29:11 So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

David goes back to Ziklag. This battle of Aphek was in the northern part of Israel. Philistia was in the southern part of Israel. The philistines traveled all the way north through the heart of Israel. While Saul was pursuing David instead of protecting the nation, the Philistines crossed through Israel. Lesson: By being so concerned about fighting with each other, this opens up the way for Satan to come right through the heart of our church and destroy. David takes 3 days to get back to Ziklag. They wanted to stone him.


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Chapter 30 – Amalekite attack Ziklag & David's victory 30:1 And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire; 30:2 And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way. 30:3 So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives. 30:4 Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep.

Why was Ziklag destroyed? The Amalekite where getting revenge. The sparing of Amalekite by Saul? How can there be anymore? Because they where a nomad tribe. 30:5 And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. 30:6 And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD his God.

They wanted to stone David, bad leadership. 30:7 And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David. 30:8 And David enquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all. 30:9 So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed. 30:10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor. 30:11 And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink water; 30:12 And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. 30:13 And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick. 30:14 We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire. 30:15 And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company.


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30:16 And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. 30:17 And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day: and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, which rode upon camels, and fled. 30:18 And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: and David rescued his two wives. 30:19 And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all. 30:20 And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cattle, and said, This is David's spoil.

David went after the Amalekite, He only had 400, but only 400 escaped. 30:21 And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted them. 30:22 Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart. 30:23 Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand. 30:24 For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike. 30:25 And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day. 30:26 And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD;

David repaid his supporters. There were people in Judah who helped him in the past. He takes the time to thank them by sending a gift. PP 30:27 To them which were in Bethel, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir, 30:28 And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, 30:29 And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites, 30:30 And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach, 30:31 And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men were


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wont to haunt.


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Chapter 31 – Philistines defeat Israel & Death of Saul and his sons 31:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. 31:2 And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, Saul's sons.

3 of Saul's sons get killed including Jonathan. 31:3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers. 31:4 Then said Saul unto his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword, and fell upon it.

Saul killed himself. PP 682 31:5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him. 31:6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all his men, that same day together.

They all died. The men of Jabesh Gilead risked their lives to get their bodies to give a descent burial (these were the men who the Ammonites wanted to take out their eyes.) 31:7 And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were on the other side Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. 31:8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen in mount Gilboa. 31:9 And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to publish it in the house of their idols, and among the people. 31:10 And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth: and they fastened his body to the wall of Bethshan. 31:11 And when the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead heard of that which the Philistines had done to Saul; 31:12 All the valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Bethshan, and came to Jabesh, and burnt them there. 31:13 And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.


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2nd Samuel Introduction See Introduction to 1–2 Samuel.

Events of 2 Samuel Referenced in the Psalms 2 Samuel 8:1–14 chs. 11–12 chs. 15–17 chs. 15–17 (possibly) ch. 22

Incident Victory over Transjordan Against house of Uriah Absalom's revolt Desert of Judah Victory over all enemies

Psalm 60 51 3 63 18

Key Themes The themes of 1 Samuel (namely, God's kingship, providential guidance, and sovereign will and power) are related to the themes of 2 Samuel (namely, the Davidic covenant and messianic promise): the sovereign God, who has guided David's life, elects David as his deputy to represent his kingship by his eternal covenant. David thus becomes the prototype of the future Messiah, Jesus Christ. 1. Davidic covenant. For the Davidic covenant, see note on 2 Samuel 7:1–29. 2. Messianic promise. Second Samuel 7 is a turning point in the history of salvation; it clearly advances the messianic hope in the Abrahamic covenant. True, Saul was also anointed by God. David in fact called Saul “the Lord's anointed” (e.g., 1 Sam. 24:6) until the end. Yet God chose David, the youngest and forgotten son of Jesse, to establish a dynasty. David was used for God's eternal plan of salvation, not because he was perfect and ideal from a human viewpoint, but because the Lord was “with him” and David found favor in God's sight. The idea of the eternal throne and dynasty was not a product of postexilic idealism as is sometimes claimed. Such a concept was already current in the second millennium b.c. in Canaan as mlk ‘ilm (Ugaritic, “the king of eternity” or “king of the world”) and was prominent among the Assyrians during the eighth century b.c., as can be seen in the Assyrian records. Thus, the prophecies in Isaiah 7–9 reflect the ideal of preexilic times.

Text The Hebrew Masoretic text (MT) of 1–2 Samuel is notorious for its difficulties. Furthermore, Samuel and Jeremiah are the two OT books where the ancient Greek translations and the Hebrew are notably different in many places. One of the reasons for the difficulty of the Hebrew text of Samuel is that Samuel was written in the manner of an oral narrative—written, i.e., to be heard. Some of the repetitions are more typical of poetry than of prose. Also, at places the spelling seems to have followed the actual pronunciation instead of the “standard” Hebrew, as can be clearly seen when one compares 2 Samuel 22 and Psalm 18 in Hebrew. The MT of 1–2 Samuel is not easy. Yet if one carefully examines it with a thorough knowledge of the grammar and style of the language, in most cases the MT as it stands appears to be good, and the esv translation has therefore followed the MT in most (but not all) places.


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Literary Features Second Samuel is the prose epic of David, telling the story of a nation led by a heroic leader. It is at the same time a hero story in which the protagonist, while not wholly idealized, is nonetheless a largely exemplary and representative character who embodies the struggles and ideals of his society. While the story does not possess the single linear sequence of literary tragedy, nonetheless at one point it meets the essential tragic criterion of locating the source of the hero's subsequent downfall in a single tragic choice. Readers should picture David's life as portrayed in 2 Samuel as a pyramid in which the trajectory is wholly positive until the Bathsheba/Uriah debacle, after which David's life goes into comparative decline as the tragic consequences work themselves out. Two threads of action make up the story of David's heroic life: the public life of a king and the personal life of a family man. The literary technique of realism permeates the book as the storyteller refuses to ignore either the good or the bad aspects of the characters. As with 1 Samuel, the story rings true to human experience. The dramatic impulse to present the actual words and dialogues of characters is continuous.

Outline 1. Story of King David (1:1–20:26) 1. David and the death of Saul (1:1–27) 2. David becomes king (2:1–5:5) 3. Jerusalem, the city of David (5:6–25) 4. Zion, the place of worship (6:1–23) 5. Davidic covenant: eternal throne (7:1–29) 6. Catalog of David's military activities (8:1–18) 7. Mephibosheth (9:1–13) 8. Israel-Ammon war (10:1–12:31) 1. Beginning of Israel-Ammon war (10:1–19) 2. David and Bathsheba (11:1–12:25) 3. End of Israel-Ammon war (12:26–31) 9. Absalom's banishment and reinstatement (13:1–14:33) 10. Absalom's rebellion (15:1–19:43) 1. Absalom's conspiracy (15:1–12) 2. David's escape from Absalom (15:13–16:14) 3. Ahithophel and Hushai (16:15–17:23) 4. David arrives at Mahanaim (17:24–29) 5. Death of Absalom (18:1–19:8a) 6. David's return to Jerusalem (19:8b–43) 11. Sheba's rebellion (20:1–26) 2. Epilogue (21:1–24:25) 1. Famine and the death of Saul's sons (21:1–14) 2. Philistine wars (21:15–22) 3. Song of David (22:1–51) 4. Last words of David (23:1–7) 5. David's heroes (23:8–39) 6. The census and the threshing floor (24:1–25)


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Chapter 1 – David laments for Saul and Jonathan The servant (Amalekite) comes and lies about the death. 1:1 Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;

They were wondering how the battle was going. 1:2 It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance.

David gets news of the death of Saul and his son. 1:3 And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped. 1:4 And David said unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.

Saul and Jonathan died. This man told a story. 1:5 And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? 1:6 And the young man that told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen followed hard after him. 1:7 And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered, Here am I. 1:8 And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite. 1:9 He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me. 1:10 So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.

PP he went beyond the truth. He thought that if he killed him he would get a reward, but he didn't. 1:11 Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him:

David was so sad of the death of Saul and his son. 1:12 And they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword. 1:13 And David said unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite.


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1:14 And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand to destroy the LORD'S anointed? 1:15 And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died.

David didn't know he was lying. Second half was a poem. 1:16 And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I have slain the LORD'S anointed. 1:17 And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son: 1:18 (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) 1:19 The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen!

Ps About the news not to be sent to the cities of the Palistines. 1:20 Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. 1:21 Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil. 1:22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. 1:23 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.

David has no animosity towards Saul. 1:24 Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. 1:25 How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.

Passing the Love of women. 1:26 I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. 1:27 How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!


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Chapter 2 Key texts: 1.) Sleep of death – Psalms 13:3; 2.) God saves those who are of a broken heart – Ps 34:18 3.) What city did David capture and make his capital? 4.) What did David do wrong in trying to transport the ark? MT Ps 51:10-12 1.) Bes MAPS a. 2BC 470 – Shows the transport of the ark; Shiloh was between Bethel and Shechem. b. 2BC 508 – Battle of Jonathan. Gilgal, where Saul sacrificed. Michmas, Gibbeh c. 2BC 536 – Valley of Elah. Between Philistines and Israel. This is where Goliath and David fought. d. 2BC 556-557 – Zigzag's show where David went while being pursued by Saul. e. 2BC 584 – Saul's last battle. Northern part of Israel. Jerusalem is to the south. Shunan is where the Philistines came up from. Saul's army was at Mt. Gilboa. Bethsan is where Saul's body was hung. You see the route of Saul to endor also. (what happened to Saul in the battle field was not a divine prophecy. Satan exercised reasoning from cause to effect and was accurate about what happened to Saul. It was not a divine prophecy from God. God does nothing in partnership with the devil. Light and darkness do not dwell together. Gene Dixson made a prediction that Kennedy would be assassinated, but that doesn't make her a true prophet. Deut 13 makes it clear that this is not a test.) f. 2 BC 662 – Absalom flight. g. 2 BC 769 – David and Solomon's kingdom. 5.) ides the Philistines who did David conquer to expand his kingdom? Edom, Ammon, and Moab. 2:1 And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron. 2:2 So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite. 2:3 And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.

They went to Hebron. 2:4 And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.

David becomes King of Judah, he was anointed only over one tribe. 2:5 And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him. 2:6 And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.


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2:7 Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them. 2:8 But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;

Civil war (Ishbosheth is set up as king over Israel). Abner took him over to Mahanaim > away from the Phlistines and David. David was king over one tribe in the south that was one of the bigger tribes. Abner and Ishbosheth, stand in the way of him gaining all of Israel. 2:9 And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel. 2:10 Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

Ishbosheth reinged for two years. David was king of Judah for 40.5 years. 2:11 And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months. 2:12 And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon. 2:13 And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool. 2:14 And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise. 2:15 Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David. 2:16 And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon. 2:17 And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.

The battle between the two kings. 2:18 And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. 2:19 And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.

Abner was a key man in preventing David from being king. He knew if he got him, David could gain the kingdom. He didn't want to kill him. He could stand better and fight his opponent. He knew Joab would not forget the day. Abner killed him. 2:20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am. 2:21 And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of


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the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.

Out of 40 years of David's reign, 7 years were over Judah. 2:22 And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother? 2:23 Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

Abner kills Asahel 2:24 Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon. 2:25 And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill. 2:26 Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?

He reasoned with him. How long will we fight? 2:27 And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother. 2:28 So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

They stopped pursuing him. Already a distinction is being made of the northern tribes of Israel as being the northern tribes of isreal and Judah the south. 2:29 And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim. 2:30 And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.

This shows the difference of how many died from each camp. 2:31 But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died. 2:32 And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker. 3:2 And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

Amnon David’s first born. Each son was from a different wife. Amnon we will hear about again. Absalom is well known. Adonijah will be heard a lot about after the death of Absalom. They were born to David while in Hebron during his seven year reign in Judah. The interesting thing about them is that they all have different mothers. This brought consequences. 3:3 And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; 3:4 And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; 3:5 And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron. 3:6 And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul. 3:7 And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ishbosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father's concubine? 3:8 Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ishbosheth, and said, Am I a dog's head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman?

Abner is the true leader of Israel. Ish is a figure head. Abner is acting like a king, he took a concubine. Ish was mad. And Abner says you cannot say anything to me I am going to David. 3:9 So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him;

Abner shows that he has known all along that David was chosen by God all along. Why did he fight against David? PP he was affected by Saul's attitude. 3:10 To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beersheba.

Abner sent messengers and David asks for Michal. This seems to be an area of weakness for David. 3:11 And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him. 3:12 And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee. 3:13 And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face. 3:14 And David sent messengers to Ishbosheth Saul's son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines.


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David want’s his wife back; This was a bad move for David, as she didn’t really want to come back to David. Description of Abner. (PP 698). There once only one reason why Abner hated David, because of the issue on the field when David got the spear and the water. 3:15 And Ishbosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Phaltiel the son of Laish. 3:16 And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned. 3:17 And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you: 3:18 Now then do it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies. 3:19 And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. 3:20 So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast. 3:21 And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

Abner seems to have a change of attitude towards David. 3:22 And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. 3:23 When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace. 3:24 Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

Joab didn't trust him. 3:25 Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.

Joab probably perceived this correctly. PP brings out that if Abner would have been close to David it would have been a major threat to the kingdom. But that was no right to kill him. 3:26 And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not. 3:27 And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

“quietly” could mean privately. Abner was sincere about helping him, but he did it for a political http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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move. He knew David would come to power. 3:28 And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner: 3:29 Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father's house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread. 3:30 So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle. 3:31 And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier. 3:32 And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. 3:33 And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth? 3:34 Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him.

David told Job to put on the sackcloth They also saw that Daivd was not the one who killed him, 3:35 And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down. 3:36 And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people. 3:37 For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

David was showing that he was grieved over it. He realized that it was dumb. If you will win the follower's of Abner you don't kill Abner. 3:38 And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel? 3:39 And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.

David left it up to God to work justice. “sons of Zeriah” Joab and Abithar. Because this was a period of instability he decided that it would do more harm to bring them to justice than to let it ride, and he says the Lord will bring them to justice.


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Chapter 4 4:1 And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. 4:2 And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin: 4:3 And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.) 4:4 And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth.

Beerothites 4:5 And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, who lay on a bed at noon. 4:6 And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped.

Recab and Banah captains of Ishboseth went and killed him. 4:7 For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night.

The brought to David the head of the king. 4:8 And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed. 4:9 And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, 4:10 When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings: 4:11 How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth? 4:12 And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron.

They thought they would get a reward, but they were killed. “fifth rib” what does that mean? What organ is behind the fifth rib.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.

All the tribes select David as King 1 Chr 12:24 The children of Judah that bare shield and spear were six thousand and eight hundred, ready armed to the war.

All the people that came to the selecting of David 5:2 Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel.

They saw that David was the one who where leading them. 5:3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel. 5:4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

David was 30 years old when he began to reign. 5:5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. 5:6 And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither.

Jebus; They where saying that is everyone in our city was blind you with would not be able to get in. When you compare this verse with other translations it isn't confusing, when it talks about the blind and the lame. 5:7 Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David.

They took Jerusalem from the Jebusites. Then it talks about the lame and the blind. Joab won the honor. David took the city and renamed it 5:8 And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind, that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. 5:9 So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David built round about from Millo and inward. 5:10 And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him.

Hiram King of Tyre decided to make friends of David. So he sent men to make him a house of cedar. 5:11 And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons:


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and they built David an house. 5:12 And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake. 5:13 And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David.

Unfortunate note, he takes more wives and concubines. 5:14 And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon,

More sons: Solomon sticks out. 5:15 Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, 5:16 And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet. 5:17 But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold.

The Philistines got nervous and came to take him out. PP shows that the Philistines are becoming concerned because he was getting more powerful. 5:18 The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. 5:19 And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand.

David asked God should he fight. 5:20 And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim. 5:21 And there they left their images, and David and his men burned them. 5:22 And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.

They rallied. Now God directed them to go into the trees. Be careful: Bible interpreters make this mistake often of assuming things are in chronological order. Miphibosheth is out of order. Revelation too. 5:23 And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees.

David asked God should he fight, and he said no, wait. 5:24 And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines. 5:25 And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou


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come to Gazer.


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Chapter 6 David wanted to bring the Ark from 6:1 Again, David gathered together all the chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand. 6:2 And David arose, and went with all the people that were with him from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called by the name of the LORD of hosts that dwelleth between the cherubims. 6:3 And they set the ark of God upon a new cart, and brought it out of the house of Abinadab that was in Gibeah: and Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, drave the new cart.

Uzzah son of Abinidab 6:4 And they brought it out of the house of Abinadab which was at Gibeah, accompanying the ark of God: and Ahio went before the ark. 6:5 And David and all the house of Israel played before the LORD on all manner of instruments made of fir wood, even on harps, and on psalteries, and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cymbals. 6:6 And when they came to Nachon's threshingfloor, Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it.

Uzzah tried to steady the ark. He touched the ark with sin in the heart. 6:7 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzzah; and God smote him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of God.

Uzzah was struck dead. 6:8 And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon Uzzah: and he called the name of the place Perezuzzah to this day.

David was displeased. This meant that David questioned the justice of God. He didn't understand that. David’s response to Gods action PP 705 The fate of Uzzah was a divine judgment upon the violation of a most explicit command. Through Moses the Lord had given special instruction concerning the transportation of the ark. None but the priests, the descendants of Aaron, were to touch it, or even to look upon it uncovered. The divine direction was, "The sons of Kohath shall come to bear it: but they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die." Numbers 4:15. Moses gave carts and oxen for the transportation of that which was committed to them. "But unto the sons of Kohath he gave none: because the service of the sanctuary belonging unto them was that they should bear upon their shoulders." Numbers 7:9… David and his people had assembled to perform a sacred work, and they had engaged in it with glad and willing hearts; but the Lord could not accept the service, because it was not performed in accordance with His directions."

They were sincere, but they should have known better. It was in the scriptures, but they didn't look. God accepted what the Philistines did because they didn't have the light. (*PO We worship God any kind of way because we will not look in the scriptures. We turn our noses


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up at the heathen, but if they are following the light it is accepted, but God will not accept our worship that is incorrect when we have the light.) PP 706 The Philistines, who had not a knowledge of God's law, had placed the ark upon a cart when they returned it to Israel, and the Lord accepted the effort which they made. But the Israelites had in their hands a plain statement of the will of God in all these matters, and their neglect of these instructions was dishonoring to God. Upon Uzzah rested the greater guilt of presumption. Transgression of God's law had lessened his sense of its sacredness, and with unconfessed sins upon him he had, in face of the divine prohibition, presumed to touch the symbol of God's presence. God can accept no partial obedience, no lax way of treating His commandments. By the judgment upon Uzzah He designed to impress upon all Israel the importance of giving strict heed to His requirements. Thus the death of that one man, by leading the people to repentance, might prevent the necessity of inflicting judgments upon thousands."

Uzzah had unconfessed sins and he was leading the Ark of God. He had cherished sins against something. (*PO he was leading out in spiritual things with unconfessed sins). What happened in Bethshemash (the men looking in the ark 20 years ago.) should have made people investigate what to do. Uzzah's death was a guarantee as to what happened in Bethshemash would not happen again. PP706 Upon David the divine rebuke accomplished its work. He was led to realize as he had never realized before the sacredness of the law of God and the necessity of strict obedience. The favor shown to the house of Obed-edom led David again to hope that the ark might bring a blessing to him and to his people.

David proceeded to search the scriptures to find out how to do it correctly. 6:9 And David was afraid of the LORD that day, and said, How shall the ark of the LORD come to me? 6:10 So David would not remove the ark of the LORD unto him into the city of David: but David carried it aside into the house of Obededom the Gittite. 6:11 And the ark of the LORD continued in the house of Obededom the Gittite three months: and the LORD blessed Obededom, and all his household. 6:12 And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath blessed the house of Obededom, and all that pertaineth unto him, because of the ark of God. So David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obededom into the city of David with gladness. 6:13 And it was so, that when they that bare the ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings. 6:14 And David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David was girded with a linen ephod. Ps 24

The entering of God into the City “danced” – He took off his kingly garments. He was in a linen ephod. He was not naked. 6:15 So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of the LORD with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet. 6:16 And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal Saul's daughter looked through a


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window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart. 6:17 And they brought in the ark of the LORD, and set it in his place, in the midst of the tabernacle that David had pitched for it: and David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

Objection: Many use this as an argument to excuse dancing. PP 707 And David danced before the Lord," in his gladness keeping time to the measure of the song. David's dancing in reverent joy before God has been cited by pleasure lovers in justification of the fashionable modern dance, but there is no ground for such an argument. In our day dancing is associated with folly and midnight reveling. Health and morals are sacrificed to pleasure. By the frequenters of the ballroom God is not an object of thought and reverence; prayer or the song of praise would be felt to be out of place in their assemblies. This test should be decisive. Amusements that have a tendency to weaken the love for sacred things and lessen our joy in the service of God are not to be sought by Christians. The music and dancing in joyful praise to God at the removal of the ark had not the faintest resemblance to the dissipation of modern dancing. The one tended to the remembrance of God and exalted His holy name. The other is a device of Satan to cause men to forget God and to dishonor Him. {PP 707.2}"

Account where the ark was brought in and set up. David wrote Psalms 24 for this. Psa 24:3-4, 7-10

This is what they were saying as they brought in the Ark into the sanctuary. God came in, is what this means. In DA it says that the angel's sang this when Christ ascended into heaven. They asked the question to hear the answer. The angels love to hear the description of God's character and His name. They used the language of a fallen human being to accept Jesus back into heaven. PP 711 David composed psalms not only for the use of the priests in the sanctuary service, but also to be sung by the people in their journeys to the national altar at the annual feasts."

Many of the Psalms have connotations to journey to Jerusalem. So when Jesus would travel to Jerusalem when He was 12, the people would be singing these songs. PP 771 The influence thus exerted was far-reaching, and it resulted in freeing the nation from idolatry. Many of the surrounding peoples, beholding the prosperity of Israel, were led to think favorably of Israel's God, who had done such great things for His people."

Good songs and poetry helped to preserve the nation from idolatry. When the heathen heard the songs it drew their minds to have a more favorable attitude toward God. This is what songs do today. They draw the mind to God. Psalms 23, 19, 37, could all show this. Psa 36:7 How excellent [is] thy lovingkindness, O God! therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings.

Its knowing God's goodness that makes us submit to him and trust him. If you don't know the lord it is impossible to have faith in him. If you don't know the lord your faith is void. Faith is based upon the person not psychology. It's in knowing a person that makes you trust a person. Ill: reliable parent makes you trust. If they aren't you don't APP LRB: This shows the relationship between God and His wife the church. The husband the wife's relationship is based upon this. If I have been good to you as your husband submit to me, if not,


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don't. Psa 37:4 Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart. Psa 37:5, 9-10 [5] Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass. [9] For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the LORD, they shall inherit the earth. [10] For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be.

This is important to show that the wicked will not have eternal torment. Psa 37:11 But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace.

Jesus was quoting Psalms. A lot of things that He said was taking the OT and putting them in a way to make the people think differently. Psa 37:18-19 [19] They shall not be ashamed in the evil time: and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied.

DA 122 she refers to this text during the death decree. Goes with Revelation. Psa 37:22-24 [22] For such as be blessed of him shall inherit the earth; and they that be cursed of him shall be cut off. [23] The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way. [24] Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD upholdeth him with his hand. If you do fall God will pick you up, His hand is there. Psa 37:39 But the salvation of the righteous [is] of the LORD: [he is] their strength in the time of trouble.

Time of trouble verse Psa 37:40 And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him.

Psalms 37 is rich. Time of trouble Psalm. Key chapters in Psalms 

Chapter 34: Protection, help, goodness, can save the broken hearted. Salvation

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Chapter 27: Good for Time of trouble

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Chapter 37: Time trouble/Salvation/ Rich Psalm

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Chapter 23: Shepard Psalm

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Chapter 24: Return of the Ark/Ascension Psalm.

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Chapter 51 & 32: Repentance Psalms

6:18 And assoon as David had made an end of offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of hosts.


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6:19 And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. So all the people departed every one to his house. 6:20 Then David returned to bless his household. And Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, How glorious was the king of Israel to day, who uncovered himself to day in the eyes of the handmaids of his servants, as one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovereth himself! 6:21 And David said unto Michal, It was before the LORD, which chose me before thy father, and before all his house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: therefore will I play before the LORD.

David took of his king robes so he was not the object of worship PP 711

David used song to free the nation from idolatry 6:22 And I will yet be more vile than thus, and will be base in mine own sight: and of the maidservants which thou hast spoken of, of them shall I be had in honour. 6:23 Therefore Michal the daughter of Saul had no child unto the day of her death.


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Chapter 7 Nathan visits David. David expresses that he has a house and God doesn't. Nathan knowing what he was thinking says do it. 7:1 And it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him rest round about from all his enemies; 7:2 That the king said unto Nathan the prophet, See now, I dwell in an house of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains.

David wants to build God a house. David is trying to direct the thoughts of the people to God 7:3 And Nathan said to the king, Go, do all that is in thine heart; for the LORD is with thee.

The prophet was not inspired here. 7:4 And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying,

When the prophet made the mistake God came and corrected it. 2 Sam 7:17 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David. 7:5 Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in?

God tells Nathan this. God is implying that the answer is no. I Chronicles 22:8-10 shows more clearly that God is saying no. A promise is given to him even though he cannot build it. 7:6 Whereas I have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle. 7:7 In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of Israel spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build ye not me an house of cedar? 7:8 Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: 7:9 And I was with thee whithersoever thou wentest, and have cut off all thine enemies out of thy sight, and have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. 7:10 Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime, 7:11 And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house.

The house here means a dynasty. This refers to him being a king as well as his descendents 2 Sam 7:11 And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have


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caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house.

2 Sam 7:11-13 contain the promise of Christ’s Throne. 2 Sam 7:12-13 [12] ¶ And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. [13] He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever.

The house here means a dynasty. This refers to him being a king as well as his descendents. That is why it was so important for Jesus to be a Son of David because of this promise Note: That is why the Branch Dividiens want the name David. The family of David was to be established forever. Jesus is the one who it is established through forever. 2 Sam 7:13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever.

This refers to Solomon. Establish his kingdom forever speaks of Jesus. Luke 1:31-33 [31] ¶ The same day there came certain of the Pharisees, saying unto him, Get thee out, and depart hence: for Herod will kill thee. [32] And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. [33] Nevertheless I must walk to day, and to morrow, and the day following: for it cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem.

These are key texts. It refers to this passage when speaking of Jesus. This verse refers to the messiah. Gabriel is showing that these texts that were given by Nathan to David about Solomon, it refers to the work of Jesus building up His spiritual temple. And in a limited sense it was fulfilled by Solomon. Acts 2 (Peter refers to it too) Acts 2:25 For David speaketh concerning him, I foresaw the Lord always before my face, for he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved:

Speaks of David, quoting Ps 16:8 Acts 2:27 Because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.

He quotes another Psalm. Acts 2:29 Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this day.

David is buried, David was not the fulfillment of these prophecies. Acts 2:30 Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne;

Peter is saying that Christ is the descendent of David. This is a key text. 2 Sam 7:14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with


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the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men:

Some kings did commit iniquity, but it didn't cut off the line that extended to Christ. Psalms 132 is related to this. Psa 132:4-5 [4] I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, [5] Until I find out a place for the LORD, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob.

This is David's desire to make the Lord a house. Psa 132:7-8, 12-13 [7] We will go into his tabernacles: we will worship at his footstool. [8] Arise, O LORD, into thy rest; thou, and the ark of thy strength. [12] If thy children will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, their children shall also sit upon thy throne for evermore. [13] For the LORD hath chosen Zion; he hath desired it for his habitation.

This is referring to God's promise and return. David couldn't build God a house. But God said I will establish your house. This promise referred to Jesus, it was established through Him. That is why being a descendent of David was highly regarded. 7:12 And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. 7:13 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever. 7:14 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: 7:15 But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. 7:16 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.

In spite of the fact that descendents would be evil, the line would be preserved. Those who believed in Jesus called Him the Son of David, but they did not understand that He was the Son of God. 7:17 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David. 7:18 Then went king David in, and sat before the LORD, and he said, Who am I, O Lord GOD? and what is my house, that thou hast brought me hitherto?

The prayer - David is very humble. Instead of getting upset. He feels humble. And he knows that his family is not whether. 7:19 And this was yet a small thing in thy sight, O Lord GOD; but thou hast spoken also of thy servant's house for a great while to come. And is this the manner of man, O Lord GOD? 7:20 And what can David say more unto thee? for thou, Lord GOD, knowest thy servant. 7:21 For thy word's sake, and according to thine own heart, hast thou done all these great things, to make thy servant know them. 7:22 Wherefore thou art great, O LORD God: for there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears.


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7:23 And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself, and to make him a name, and to do for you great things and terrible, for thy land, before thy people, which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods? 7:24 For thou hast confirmed to thyself thy people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever: and thou, LORD, art become their God. 7:25 And now, O LORD God, the word that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant, and concerning his house, establish it for ever, and do as thou hast said. 7:26 And let thy name be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God over Israel: and let the house of thy servant David be established before thee. 7:27 For thou, O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, hast revealed to thy servant, saying, I will build thee an house: therefore hath thy servant found in his heart to pray this prayer unto thee. 7:28 And now, O Lord GOD, thou art that God, and thy words be true, and thou hast promised this goodness unto thy servant: 7:29 Therefore now let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue for ever before thee: for thou, O Lord GOD, hast spoken it: and with thy blessing let the house of thy servant be blessed for ever.

1 Chronicles is a review of everything in the OT. 1 Chronicles 1 through 18 is next, then come back to 1 Samuel 8.


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Chapter 8 – David's war activities Chapter 8 picks up David's military campaign and the country he conquers. Church of Philadelphia speaks of the 'house of David' This explains another aspect. Quiz: Around what event does 2 Samuel 11 and 12 focus? The death of Uriah and marrying Beersheba. What is one thing that is different about David dancing before the ark and dancing today? It was highly different from how we dance today. What promise did God give to David even though he couldn't build Him a house? That his house would be established forever. What Psalm did David write about his sin with Beersheba? Psalms 51 and 32 What prophet brought the rebuke to David? Nathan Who led a revolt against David in 2 Samuel 14/16? Absolom 8:1 And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Methegammah out of the hand of the Philistines.

Philistines again 8:2 And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.

Moab 8:3 David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates.

King of Zoba Map: Northwest of Damascus Zoba was part of Syria. Amalekites to the southwest. 8:4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots. 8:5 And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.

Syrians 8:6 Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. 8:7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem.


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Taking the gold from the Syrians. 8:8 And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, king David took exceeding much brass. 8:9 When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer,

David beat them. 8:10 Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass: 8:11 Which also king David did dedicate unto the LORD, with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued;

All the nations he beat. 8:12 Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah. 8:13 And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men.

At this time he wrote Psalms 69 – it refers specifically to Edom, and God given him victory. Edom was about to fight him. He has a reputation of being a mighty conqueror 8:14 And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

The results. Psalm 60 8:15 And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people. 8:16 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 8:17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; 8:18 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers.


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Chapter 9 He took in Mephibosheth 9:1 And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan's sake? 9:2 And there was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba. And when they had called him unto David, the king said unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, Thy servant is he. 9:3 And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may shew the kindness of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, Jonathan hath yet a son, which is lame on his feet. 9:4 And the king said unto him, Where is he? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he is in the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, in Lodebar. 9:5 Then king David sent, and fetched him out of the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, from Lodebar. 9:6 Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant! 9:7 And David said unto him, Fear not: for I will surely shew thee kindness for Jonathan thy father's sake, and will restore thee all the land of Saul thy father; and thou shalt eat bread at my table continually.

“Fear not” – because he more then likely thinks he is going to be killed. 9:8 And he bowed himself, and said, What is thy servant, that thou shouldest look upon such a dead dog as I am? 9:9 Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's servant, and said unto him, I have given unto thy master's son all that pertained to Saul and to all his house. 9:10 Thou therefore, and thy sons, and thy servants, shall till the land for him, and thou shalt bring in the fruits, that thy master's son may have food to eat: but Mephibosheth thy master's son shall eat bread alway at my table. Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants. 9:11 Then said Ziba unto the king, According to all that my lord the king hath commanded his servant, so shall thy servant do. As for Mephibosheth, said the king, he shall eat at my table, as one of the king's sons. 9:12 And Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Micha. And all that dwelt in the house of Ziba were servants unto Mephibosheth. 9:13 So Mephibosheth dwelt in Jerusalem: for he did eat continually at the king's table; and was lame on both his feet.

Stays with the king.


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Chapter 10 10:1 And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead.

The king of Ammon dies this is the one who wanted to poke out the dies. Nahash king of Ammom died. They were beaten, but David didn't occupy the country and rule it. they were a independent nation. This was the king that was going to take out the eyes of Jabesh Gilead. 10:2 Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon. 10:3 And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it? 10:4 Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. 10:5 When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. 10:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob, and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men. 10:7 And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men. 10:8 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field. 10:9 When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians: 10:10 And the rest of the people he delivered into the hand of Abishai his brother, that he might put them in array against the children of Ammon. 10:11 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will come and help thee. 10:12 Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him good. 10:13 And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, unto the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him. 10:14 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem.

Play the man and fight! This is the final result. 10:15 And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together.


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PP 715

The Syrians were not prepared and they came back a year later. They had a bigger army. 10:16 And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. 10:17 And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves in array against David, and fought with him. 10:18 And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there. PP 715

This was the fulfillment of the Promise to Abraham. Gen 15:18 In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: 10:19 And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more. PP 715-16

1 Chron 18 makes it clear that David made it all the way to the Euphrates, fulfilled the promise of the covenant land that was given to Abraham. Ammon fled to their cities.


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Chapter 11 – Adultery with Bethsheba and the murder of Uriah 11:1 And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried still at Jerusalem.

The battle is just about over and David is going home. The victory is just about finished. David is idle. If you want to have success your need to be on the front line. Joab go the rest of them. 11:2 And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.

Bethsheba is washing. David was sleep during the day. His roof top is higher then any other. Sin of Bathsheba – She was doing something in a place where people can see her. David should have been on the battle field, but the women should have been taking more care. 11:3 And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?

David does not dismiss the temptation, Uriah was David’s top man. 11:4 And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness: and she returned unto her house. 11:5 And the woman conceived, and sent and told David, and said, I am with child.

“Pregnant” – She is with child, One sin lead to a total life of sorrow. His discussion affected the rest of his life. Note: In the list of the mighty men Uriah was a mighty men of valor. He was loyal to David. Class question: Why did they drink wine? The people lived before the investigative judgment. There are things we must live up to now that the people didn't see as clearly as we do. Many didn't live up to what the 144,000 have to. 11:6 And David sent to Joab, saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite. And Joab sent Uriah to David. 11:7 And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab did, and how the people did, and how the war prospered. 11:8 And David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriah departed out of the king's house, and there followed him a mess of meat from the king.

This man is a true Christian 11:9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house with all the servants of his lord, and went not down to his house. 11:10 And when they had told David, saying, Uriah went not down unto his house, David said unto Uriah, Camest thou not from thy journey? why then didst thou not go down unto thine house? 11:11 And Uriah said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open fields; shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to


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drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing. 11:12 And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow. 11:13 And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house.

David got him drunk but still wouldn’t go to his wife. 11:14 And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah. 11:15 And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.

He carries his own death in the letter. 11:16 And it came to pass, when Joab observed the city, that he assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were. 11:17 And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.

He died. 11:18 Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war; 11:19 And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling the matters of the war unto the king, 11:20 And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall? 11:21 Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also. 11:22 So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for. 11:23 And the messenger said unto David, Surely the men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entering of the gate. 11:24 And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants; and some of the king's servants be dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also. 11:25 Then David said unto the messenger, Thus shalt thou say unto Joab, Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it: and encourage thou him. 11:26 And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband. 11:27 And when the mourning was past, David sent and fetched her to his house, and she became his


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wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD.

This upset the lord


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Chapter 12 Quiz: 1.) Text that says David's son would build God a house and that his throne would be established forever. 2 Samuel 7:13 2.) What text makes it clear that Jesus was the one to receive the throne of David that would last forever? Luke 1:31-33 3.) What chapter of the Bible is rich with statements on the providence of God, clear on the end of the wicked and has a promise for help in the time of trouble? Psalms 37 4.) What chapter contains a song when the ark was brought into Jerusalem and it was also sang by angels at the ascension of Christ? Psalms 24 5.) What sin of David resulted in a 3 day pestilence on Israel? Numbering the people. 6.) MT: Ps 51:10-12 Create in me a clean heart O God and renew a right spirit within me. Cast me not away from thy presence And take not they Holy Spirit from me. Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation and uphold me with thy free spirit. 7.) Bonus: Besides Abner and Absalom what other notable individual was slain by Joab? Bonah..son of Belial 8.) What other son of David set himself up as king? Ahonijah Intro: Parallels between: 1-2 Samuel; 1-2 Chronicles; 1-2 Kings (See written parallel) A.) 1 Samuel – Stands alone a. Center of it was the kingship of Saul (Samuel and David important characters. Covers the whole reign of Saul. b. Key chapters: i. Chapter 17 – David and Goliah ii. Chapter 3 – Samuel called to be a prophet. iii. Chapter 7 – Victory at Mizpah over philistines (Here I raise my Ebenezar) iv. Chapter 28 – Witch of Endor v. Chapter 31 – Death of Saul B.) 2 Samuel – 1 Chronicles: Leaves out: Bethsheba and Abaslom. a. Reign of David covers both. 1 Chronicles ends with the death of David. b. Key Chapters 1 Chron (1-9 Genealogies) i. Chapter 10 – parallels 2 Samuel 31 death of Saul ii. Chapters 11- follows 2 Samuel c. Key chapters 2 Samuel i. Chapter 6 – Bringing the Ark back to Jerusalem ii. Chapter 7 – Covenant to David (Same one given all along, but it is more specific) 1. Ps 24 Goes with this story iii. Chapter 11 – David and Bathsheba iv. Chapter 12 – David and Bathsheba 1. PS 51 & 32 Go with this story C.) 2 Chronicles – 1 Kings & 2 Kings: 2 Chronicles just covers the history of Judah. It was written for them after the captivity of Babylon. 1 and 2 Kings covers the history of both. a. 1 Kings Death of David is seen in 1 Kings.


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PP David's sin brought reproach upon God's name and misrepresented His character. 12:1 And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

Word picture, we get David to condemn his self 12:2 The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds: 12:3 But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. 12:4 And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him. 12:5 And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die:

David has determined his own guilt. 12:6 And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity. 12:7 And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul;

You are the man 12:8 And I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things. 12:9 Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

“children of Ammon” – The way that God talked to David is similar to how God takes responsibility for us. He didn't actually do it, but he did. 12:10 Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife. 12:11 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

This was full fielded by Absalom (Ezra skips the sin) Ps 51:12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit.

Joy only comes with repentance. This is against Once Saved always saved.


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Ps 32

David guilt has been going through his mind. Conversion PP 723

This was fulfilled by Absolom taking his concubines. 12:12 For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun. 12:13 And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die.

PP Prophet's rebuke touched the heart of David "I have sinned against the Lord" it reached deep and broke his heart. Ps 51:1 Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions.

This is the type for the day of atonement Ps 51:3 For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before me.

Acknowledge our guilt Ps 51:5 Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.

Objection: For original sin people use this. Ps 51:6 Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts: and in the hidden part thou shalt make me to know wisdom.

God wants heart religion. God can reveal to us the secret motives of our own hearts. Ps 51:8 Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which thou hast broken may rejoice.

David knows he can have peace. Ps 51:10 Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me.

Important verse because this text shows with verses 11-12 that if a person has sinned they do not have the joy of salvation until they have a clean heart and a renewed spirit. Objection: This destroys forensic justification. There are two things that show justification in this verse: 1.) You must be clean 2.) You must be renewed in the Spirit. What good would it be if you were forgiven but you didn't have the Holy Spirit to resist sin. When God forgives us He cleans us and puts His Spirit in us. Ps 51:12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit.

Objection: Good text for once saved always saved and predestination. The word 'restore' means that one had salvation lost it and now it must be restored. (Baptist: Strong in this).


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Ps 51:14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, thou God of my salvation: and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousness.

He feels the guilt of Uriah's blood. Ps 51:16 For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it: thou delightest not in burnt offering.

This shows the sacrifices don't count. When they offered these it was suppose to correspond to a broken heart. Ps 51:17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.

But God shows here you don't despise a broken heart. If our hearts are hard we are useless. But when they are broken he can create a new creature. Ps 32:1-2 [1] Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. [2] Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile.

This was written after he repented. Then he goes back Ps 32:3 When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long.

“silence” – Means failure to confess, not acknowledging guilt. “bones waxed old” Guilt causes stress that ages people Ps 32:5 I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

KEY TEXT. This verse has an order that follows what we must do to be right with God. “acknowledge sin” after that, then God gives the gift of repentance and the person can confess. “confess my transgressions” – When we acknowledge it God gives us the gift of repentance and we have a broken heart and it turns into genuine repentance. “he forgives the inquity” Ps 32:7-8, 10 [7] Thou art my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from trouble; thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah. [8] I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye. [10] Many sorrows shall be to the wicked: but he that trusteth in the LORD, mercy shall compass him about.

The wicked are like the mule. Ps 32:11 Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, ye righteous: and shout for joy, all ye that are upright in heart.

Those who come to peace can say this. Nothing can replace a clear conscience. All the conviction that was in Ps 32 and 51 took place here and David was clear, but he had to deal with consequences. PP 'Absalom' he gave his own judgment four fold. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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PP 723 It was when he was walking in the counsel of God that he was called a man after God's own heart. When he sinned, this ceased to be true of him until by repentance he had returned to the Lord." 12:14 Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.

Penalty transferred to the child. This became known and it brought the name of God down. The child must die 12:15 And Nathan departed unto his house. And the LORD struck the child that Uriah's wife bare unto David, and it was very sick. 12:16 David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth. 12:17 And the elders of his house arose, and went to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them. 12:18 And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he would not hearken unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead? 12:19 But when David saw that his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead: therefore David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead. 12:20 Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

David see know point for fasting once the child died. 12:21 Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread. 12:22 And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me, that the child may live? 12:23 But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.

State of the dead: Once they die they go to the grave they don't come back to commune with us. 12:24 And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: and the LORD loved him. 12:25 And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, because of the LORD. 12:26 And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. 12:27 And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters.


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Improve the standing of the king among the people. Loyal to the king. 12:28 Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called after my name. 12:29 And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it. 12:30 And he took their king's crown from off his head, the weight whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was set on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance. 12:31 And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.

He made them slaves, not torched After Joab conquered Rabbah. Bad translation: Margin Instead put them under saws, he made them saw woods. They were digging iron etc. This was work.


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Chapter 13 – Story of Tamar and Ammon 13:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

The next king to be wants his half sister. 13:2 And Amnon was so vexed, that he fell sick for his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin; and Amnon thought it hard for him to do any thing to her. 13:3 But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother: and Jonadab was a very subtil man. 13:4 And he said unto him, Why art thou, being the king's son, lean from day to day? wilt thou not tell me? And Amnon said unto him, I love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister. 13:5 And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand. 13:6 So Amnon lay down, and made himself sick: and when the king was come to see him, Amnon said unto the king, I pray thee, let Tamar my sister come, and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, that I may eat at her hand. 13:7 Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, Go now to thy brother Amnon's house, and dress him meat. 13:8 So Tamar went to her brother Amnon's house; and he was laid down. And she took flour, and kneaded it, and made cakes in his sight, and did bake the cakes. 13:9 And she took a pan, and poured them out before him; but he refused to eat. And Amnon said, Have out all men from me. And they went out every man from him. 13:10 And Amnon said unto Tamar, Bring the meat into the chamber, that I may eat of thine hand. And Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them into the chamber to Amnon her brother. 13:11 And when she had brought them unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and said unto her, Come lie with me, my sister. 13:12 And she answered him, Nay, my brother, do not force me; for no such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not thou this folly.

She would rather be married then raped. 13:13 And I, whither shall I cause my shame to go? and as for thee, thou shalt be as one of the fools in Israel. Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee. 13:14 Howbeit he would not hearken unto her voice: but, being stronger than she, forced her, and lay with her. 13:15 Then Amnon hated her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone.

Psychology of the situation is seen here. He couldn't control his lust. Mental principle – the things


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that reminds them of their sin they would like to see dead. 13:16 And she said unto him, There is no cause: this evil in sending me away is greater than the other that thou didst unto me. But he would not hearken unto her.

This was more unjust than the first. We see this seen today: men rape women and then murder them. (*PO today men sleep with women or women with men and then send them away) 13:17 Then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said, Put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her. 13:18 And she had a garment of divers colours upon her: for with such robes were the king's daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his servant brought her out, and bolted the door after her. 13:19 And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying. 13:20 And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house. 13:21 But when king David heard of all these things, he was very wroth.

David heard and was mad, but he did nothing. 13:22 And Absalom spake unto his brother Amnon neither good nor bad: for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar. 13:23 And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had sheepshearers in Baalhazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom invited all the king's sons.

"two full years" PP 728 (principle we can adhere to all the time) David had neglected the duty of punishing the crime of Amnon, and because of the unfaithfulness of the king and father and the impenitence of the son, the Lord permitted events to take their natural course, and did not restrain Absalom. When parents or rulers neglect the duty of punishing iniquity, God Himself will take the case in hand. His restraining power will be in a measure removed from the agencies of evil, so that a train of circumstances will arise which will punish sin with sin.

Notice how God removes His hand. This is the principle that makes you see that you reap what you sow. Absalom ran to a foreign king he was related to. His mother's father. Stayed for 3 years. 13:24 And Absalom came to the king, and said, Behold now, thy servant hath sheepshearers; let the king, I beseech thee, and his servants go with thy servant. 13:25 And the king said to Absalom, Nay, my son, let us not all now go, lest we be chargeable unto thee. And he pressed him: howbeit he would not go, but blessed him. 13:26 Then said Absalom, If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go with us. And the king said unto him, Why should he go with thee? 13:27 But Absalom pressed him, that he let Amnon and all the king's sons go with him.


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13:28 Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when Amnon's heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant. 13:29 And the servants of Absalom did unto Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king's sons arose, and every man gat him up upon his mule, and fled. 13:30 And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king's sons, and there is not one of them left. 13:31 Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent. 13:32 And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother, answered and said, Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of Absalom this hath been determined from the day that he forced his sister Tamar. 13:33 Now therefore let not my lord the king take the thing to his heart, to think that all the king's sons are dead: for Amnon only is dead. 13:34 But Absalom fled. And the young man that kept the watch lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came much people by the way of the hill side behind him. 13:35 And Jonadab said unto the king, Behold, the king's sons come: as thy servant said, so it is. 13:36 And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of speaking, that, behold, the king's sons came, and lifted up their voice and wept: and the king also and all his servants wept very sore. 13:37 But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai, the son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.

He went to his grandfather, stays there tree years. 13:38 So Absalom fled, and went to Geshur, and was there three years. 13:39 And the soul of king David longed to go forth unto Absalom: for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead.

David loved his son.


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Chapter 14 14:1 Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was toward Absalom.

Joab tries to get a union. 14:2 And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead: 14:3 And come to the king, and speak on this manner unto him. So Joab put the words in her mouth. 14:4 And when the woman of Tekoah spake to the king, she fell on her face to the ground, and did obeisance, and said, Help, O king. 14:5 And the king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, I am indeed a widow woman, and mine husband is dead. 14:6 And thy handmaid had two sons, and they two strove together in the field, and there was none to part them, but the one smote the other, and slew him. 14:7 And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth. 14:8 And the king said unto the woman, Go to thine house, and I will give charge concerning thee. 14:9 And the woman of Tekoah said unto the king, My lord, O king, the iniquity be on me, and on my father's house: and the king and his throne be guiltless. 14:10 And the king said, Whosoever saith ought unto thee, bring him to me, and he shall not touch thee any more. 14:11 Then said she, I pray thee, let the king remember the LORD thy God, that thou wouldest not suffer the revengers of blood to destroy any more, lest they destroy my son. And he said, As the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of thy son fall to the earth. 14:12 Then the woman said, Let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak one word unto my lord the king. And he said, Say on. 14:13 And the woman said, Wherefore then hast thou thought such a thing against the people of God? for the king doth speak this thing as one which is faulty, in that the king doth not fetch home again his banished. 14:14 For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person: yet doth he devise means, that his banished be not expelled from him. 14:15 Now therefore that I am come to speak of this thing unto my lord the king, it is because the people have made me afraid: and thy handmaid said, I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king will perform the request of his handmaid. 14:16 For the king will hear, to deliver his handmaid out of the hand of the man that would destroy me


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and my son together out of the inheritance of God. 14:17 Then thine handmaid said, The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable: for as an angel of God, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad: therefore the LORD thy God will be with thee. 14:18 Then the king answered and said unto the woman, Hide not from me, I pray thee, the thing that I shall ask thee. And the woman said, Let my lord the king now speak. 14:19 And the king said, Is not the hand of Joab with thee in all this? And the woman answered and said, As thy soul liveth, my lord the king, none can turn to the right hand or to the left from ought that my lord the king hath spoken: for thy servant Joab, he bade me, and he put all these words in the mouth of thine handmaid:

Joab did it 14:20 To fetch about this form of speech hath thy servant Joab done this thing: and my lord is wise, according to the wisdom of an angel of God, to know all things that are in the earth. 14:21 And the king said unto Joab, Behold now, I have done this thing: go therefore, bring the young man Absalom again.

Bring him back 14:22 And Joab fell to the ground on his face, and bowed himself, and thanked the king: and Joab said, To day thy servant knoweth that I have found grace in thy sight, my lord, O king, in that the king hath fulfilled the request of his servant. 14:23 So Joab arose and went to Geshur, and brought Absalom to Jerusalem. 14:24 And the king said, Let him turn to his own house, and let him not see my face. So Absalom returned to his own house, and saw not the king's face.

David didn’t want to see him PP David was starting to recognize that he brought up his sons wrong. Now he tried to teach him a lesson. He wouldn't let him participate in government. 14:25 But in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as Absalom for his beauty: from the sole of his foot even to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him.

For 2 years he won the sympathy of the people. David tried to show how bad his sin is but this gave reason for Absalom to be liked. 14:26 And when he polled his head, (for it was at every year's end that he polled it: because the hair was heavy on him, therefore he polled it:) he weighed the hair of his head at two hundred shekels after the king's weight. 14:27 And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance.

He named one of is daughters after his sister who was raped. 14:28 So Absalom dwelt two full years in Jerusalem, and saw not the king's face.


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This has been 7 years since the rape 5 years from seeing the King. 14:29 Therefore Absalom sent for Joab, to have sent him to the king; but he would not come to him: and when he sent again the second time, he would not come. 14:30 Therefore he said unto his servants, See, Joab's field is near mine, and he hath barley there; go and set it on fire. And Absalom's servants set the field on fire. 14:31 Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him, Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire? 14:32 And Absalom answered Joab, Behold, I sent unto thee, saying, Come hither, that I may send thee to the king, to say, Wherefore am I come from Geshur? it had been good for me to have been there still: now therefore let me see the king's face; and if there be any iniquity in me, let him kill me. 14:33 So Joab came to the king, and told him: and when he had called for Absalom, he came to the king, and bowed himself on his face to the ground before the king: and the king kissed Absalom.

Joab got the king to see the son.


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Chapter 15 Absalom won the affections of the people. Ahithophel jointed with Absalom. David wanted to priest to say so they could spy. Chapter 16 – This was take of as if it were from God 15:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. 15:2 And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.

Absalom started to try and fill the position of the King 15:3 And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 15:4 Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice! 15:5 And it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him. 15:6 And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

Stole the hearts of the people. And he went and was crowned king. 15:7 And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the LORD, in Hebron.

In Hebron Absalom made himself king 15:8 For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If the LORD shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve the LORD. 15:9 And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron.

The king fled the city to try and save it 15:10 But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron. 15:11 And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that were called; and they went in their simplicity, and they knew not any thing. 15:12 And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David's counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom. 15:13 And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.


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15:14 And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee; for we shall not else escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword. 15:15 And the king's servants said unto the king, Behold, thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 15:16 And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house. 15:17 And the king went forth, and all the people after him, and tarried in a place that was far off. 15:18 And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king. 15:19 Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou also with us? return to thy place, and abide with the king: for thou art a stranger, and also an exile. 15:20 Whereas thou camest but yesterday, should I this day make thee go up and down with us? seeing I go whither I may, return thou, and take back thy brethren: mercy and truth be with thee. 15:21 And Ittai answered the king, and said, As the LORD liveth, and as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant be. 15:22 And David said to Ittai, Go and pass over. And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him. 15:23 And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. 15:24 And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites were with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God: and they set down the ark of God; and Abiathar went up, until all the people had done passing out of the city.

PP this cheered up everyone because it represented that God would be with them. 15:25 And the king said unto Zadok, Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find favour in the eyes of the LORD, he will bring me again, and shew me both it, and his habitation: 15:26 But if he thus say, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him. 15:27 The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar. 15:28 See, I will tarry in the plain of the wilderness, until there come word from you to certify me.

“certify” give official news. 15:29 Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem: and they tarried there. 15:30 And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.


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Going up the mount of olive they let David know that Ahiotophel joined Absalom. 15:31 And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom. And David said, O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.

David's prayer was answered. PP His abilities were worthless without spirituality. 15:32 And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head: 15:33 Unto whom David said, If thou passest on with me, then thou shalt be a burden unto me:

“burden unto me” – He would not be of any help to him 15:34 But if thou return to the city, and say unto Absalom, I will be thy servant, O king; as I have been thy father's servant hitherto, so will I now also be thy servant: then mayest thou for me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel. 15:35 And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the priests? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king's house, thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests. 15:36 Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz Zadok's son, and Jonathan Abiathar's son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear.

They can deliver messages. 15:37 So Hushai David's friend came into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem.


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Chapter 16 – David meets Ziba who has supplies and food 16:1 And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine. 16:2 And the king said unto Ziba, What meanest thou by these? And Ziba said, The asses be for the king's household to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as be faint in the wilderness may drink. 16:3 And the king said, And where is thy master's son? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he abideth at Jerusalem: for he said, To day shall the house of Israel restore me the kingdom of my father.

Ziba lied and said that he would stay because he believed he would get the kingdom. He was trying to win favor. 16:4 Then said the king to Ziba, Behold, thine are all that pertained unto Mephibosheth. And Ziba said, I humbly beseech thee that I may find grace in thy sight, my lord, O king.

He accused mephibosheth of going against him so he got all of his things. 16:5 And when king David came to Bahurim, behold, thence came out a man of the family of the house of Saul, whose name was Shimei, the son of Gera: he came forth, and cursed still as he came.

Family of Saul (PP 738) – He shows himself to be humble – This was he best moment 16:6 And he cast stones at David, and at all the servants of king David: and all the people and all the mighty men were on his right hand and on his left. 16:7 And thus said Shimei when he cursed, Come out, come out, thou bloody man, and thou man of Belial: 16:8 The LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son: and, behold, thou art taken in thy mischief, because thou art a bloody man. 16:9 Then said Abishai the son of Zeruiah unto the king, Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? let me go over, I pray thee, and take off his head.

PP David didn't wrong Saul They wanted to take off his head. PP David anticipated something like this happening "This chapter in his experience, when, under cruelest wrong and insult, he shows himself to be humble, unselfish, generous, and submissive, is one of the noblest in his whole experience. Never was the ruler of Israel more truly great in the sight of heaven than at this hour of his deepest outward humiliation." 16:10 And the king said, What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? so let him curse, because the LORD hath said unto him, Curse David. Who shall then say, Wherefore hast thou done so? 16:11 And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants, Behold, my son, which came forth of my bowels, seeketh my life: how much more now may this Benjamite do it? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.


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16:12 It may be that the LORD will look on mine affliction, and that the LORD will requite me good for his cursing this day. 16:13 And as David and his men went by the way, Shimei went along on the hill's side over against him, and cursed as he went, and threw stones at him, and cast dust. 16:14 And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there. 16:15 And Absalom, and all the people the men of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel with him. 16:16 And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, was come unto Absalom, that Hushai said unto Absalom, God save the king, God save the king.

Hushi comes 16:17 And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend? 16:18 And Hushai said unto Absalom, Nay; but whom the LORD, and this people, and all the men of Israel, choose, his will I be, and with him will I abide.

The people of Israel are being deceived they are following without all of the facts. 16:19 And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father's presence, so will I be in thy presence. 16:20 Then said Absalom to Ahithophel, Give counsel among you what we shall do. 16:21 And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

Ahitophel gave him counsel to go to his father's concubines. They put a tent up for all to see. This was the fulfillment of Nathan's prophecy. Question: Why did God allow David to have concubines even if it was a transgression of God's law. It was not overlooked. We can see that with the consequences that it brought the sin was repaid. Question: Was David in a saving relationship when he did this? Marriage question is hardest to deal with. It could be harder to correct it after the damage was done. Ex. Jacob, if he left Leah she would have had no support. Foreign question: Do you teach men who have a lot of wives to pick one and put the rest away, and teach the children differently? IN the Bible God allowed the consequences to take effect, and then after they repented it would not prevent them from being saved. Concubine: A woman who the king tried out for a wife and didn't want her. She has been with another man and she was not free to re-marry. Some sins you make worse trying to correct.


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Illus: Two people divorced without knowing biblical principle. They go re-married have a Godly home and went back to church. Pastor said they are living in sin. What to do? Break up? No Custom: we never know how much it affects how we view things as right and wrong. We learn from the natural consequences and God will use that to show us what is better. (*PO Personal: Prayed prayer to have the next one be the one….didn't have knowledge of courting etc. Now I have to live with the consequences of asking for that without having the full knowledge, plus needing more things to be set in place by the hand of God. Learn from it. Won't keep me out of heaven as long as I live up to the knowledge that is given.) 16:22 So they spread Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father's concubines in the sight of all Israel. 16:23 And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.


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Chapter 17 – Ahitophel wants to pursue and kill the king. 17:1 Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night: 17:2 And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only: 17:3 And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: so all the people shall be in peace. 17:4 And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel. 17:5 Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith. 17:6 And when Hushai was come to Absalom, Absalom spake unto him, saying, Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do after his saying? if not; speak thou. 17:7 And Hushai said unto Absalom, The counsel that Ahithophel hath given is not good at this time.

Hushai said his counsel was not good at that time. Wasn't a lie, but it meant to deceive. PP Hushai knew that if God didn't intervene the plan could have worked. Also brought out that his advice appealed to his ego. 17:8 For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. 17:9 Behold, he is hid now in some pit, or in some other place: and it will come to pass, when some of them be overthrown at the first, that whosoever heareth it will say, There is a slaughter among the people that follow Absalom. 17:10 And he also that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, shall utterly melt: for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they which be with him are valiant men. 17:11 Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee, from Dan even to Beersheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that thou go to battle in thine own person. 17:12 So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground: and of him and of all the men that are with him there shall not be left so much as one. 17:13 Moreover, if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there be not one small stone found there. 17:14 And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the LORD might bring evil upon Absalom.

“Lord appointed” appointed could also mean ordain. Then the lady lied (a lot of this is not at the standard of the 144,000).


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17:15 Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counselled. 17:16 Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but speedily pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him. 17:17 Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by Enrogel; for they might not be seen to come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David. 17:18 Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom: but they went both of them away quickly, and came to a man's house in Bahurim, which had a well in his court; whither they went down. 17:19 And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known. 17:20 And when Absalom's servants came to the woman to the house, they said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem. 17:21 And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David, and said unto David, Arise, and pass quickly over the water: for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you. 17:22 Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over Jordan: by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over Jordan.

Cross Jordan – to the city where the firs king of Israel ruled – Saul’s’ son 17:23 And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and gat him home to his house, to his city, and put his household in order, and hanged himself, and died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.

Ahithophel hung himself. 17:24 Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom passed over Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him. 17:25 And Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab: which Amasa was a man's son, whose name was Ithra an Israelite, that went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah Joab's mother.

Amasa was made captain of the hosts instead of Joab. David was his uncle and Joab's cousin. 17:26 So Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead. 17:27 And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim, 17:28 Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse, 17:29 And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.


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Chapter 18 Sermon: Chapter 18 "Run! Run! For what? We should be willing to give the message even if it brings disappointment, but as Christ would. KEY TEXTS: Refer to the ones that defend that there is no once saved, always saved. Ps 32:5 the order of repentance this defends against forensic justification. Ps 34:7 is also one too. David divided his army under three men Joab, Hittite, and Abishai. Absalom was caught in the thicket. David wanted them to be kind to His son. Then Joab takes the war to the woods. PP brings out that Absalom's army was much larger and the size of an army is insignificant. They would not maneuver like they could. (Battle field in fredrick's burg called the wilderness Union army was twice as big as the confederates and the Union army lost more men. The battle was fought in the woods. 17,000 men were killed. And less than half of the confederate armay.) It worked to David's army. Object lesson: Ahimiaz was running his hardest to beat Cushuai and when he got there he didn't give the message. (they say he ran without a messge) He had the reputation of giving good news. Good news was they won the battle bad news was that his son was dead. He would have lost his reputation as bearing messages of good news. Lesson: If we are going to work for God and be pioneer's and run to do the work. We must be willing to give the message the way it should be given. Whether it causes disappointment or joy. But still be tactful and wise as a serpent. 18:1 And David numbered the people that were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them. 18:2 And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people, I will surely go forth with you myself also. 18:3 But the people answered, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou succour us out of the city. 18:4 And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do. And the king stood by the gate side, and all the people came out by hundreds and by thousands. 18:5 And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom. 18:6 So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim; 18:7 Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men. 18:8 For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.


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18:9 And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went away. 18:10 And a certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, Behold, I saw Absalom hanged in an oak. 18:11 And Joab said unto the man that told him, And, behold, thou sawest him, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle. 18:12 And the man said unto Joab, Though I should receive a thousand shekels of silver in mine hand, yet would I not put forth mine hand against the king's son: for in our hearing the king charged thee and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Beware that none touch the young man Absalom. 18:13 Otherwise I should have wrought falsehood against mine own life: for there is no matter hid from the king, and thou thyself wouldest have set thyself against me. 18:14 Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak. 18:15 And ten young men that bare Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him. 18:16 And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel: for Joab held back the people. 18:17 And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent.

Absalom is the son of David – suspended between heaven and earth. Into a pit and covered and stones. Christ died for our sins 18:18 Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a pillar, which is in the king's dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name: and it is called unto this day, Absalom's place. 18:19 Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies. 18:20 And Joab said unto him, Thou shalt not bear tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day: but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, because the king's son is dead. 18:21 Then said Joab to Cushi, Go tell the king what thou hast seen. And Cushi bowed himself unto Joab, and ran. 18:22 Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But howsoever, let me, I pray thee, also run after Cushi. And Joab said, Wherefore wilt thou run, my son, seeing that thou hast no tidings ready? 18:23 But howsoever, said he, let me run. And he said unto him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. 18:24 And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate unto the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone. 18:25 And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said, If he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth. And he came apace, and drew near.


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18:26 And the watchman saw another man running: and the watchman called unto the porter, and said, Behold another man running alone. And the king said, He also bringeth tidings. 18:27 And the watchman said, Me thinketh the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok. And the king said, He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings. 18:28 And Ahimaaz called, and said unto the king, All is well. And he fell down to the earth upon his face before the king, and said, Blessed be the LORD thy God, which hath delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king.

The messenger, didn’t want to tell the king. Ran hard but didn’t have a message for them. 18:29 And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent the king's servant, and me thy servant, I saw a great tumult, but I knew not what it was. 18:30 And the king said unto him, Turn aside, and stand here. And he turned aside, and stood still. 18:31 And, behold, Cushi came; and Cushi said, Tidings, my lord the king: for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee. 18:32 And the king said unto Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise against thee to do thee hurt, be as that young man is. 18:33 And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the gate, and wept: and as he went, thus he said, O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! would God I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my son!

Oh Jerusalem; David’s love shows the love that God has for us


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Chapter 19 Israel and Judah keep splitting and rejoining 19:1 And it was told Joab, Behold, the king weepeth and mourneth for Absalom. 19:2 And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son.

Joab gets him to talk to the troops. 19:3 And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city, as people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. 19:4 But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son! 19:5 And Joab came into the house to the king, and said, Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants, which this day have saved thy life, and the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy wives, and the lives of thy concubines; 19:6 In that thou lovest thine enemies, and hatest thy friends. For thou hast declared this day, that thou regardest neither princes nor servants: for this day I perceive, that if Absalom had lived, and all we had died this day, then it had pleased thee well. 19:7 Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants: for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry one with thee this night: and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that befell thee from thy youth until now. 19:8 Then the king arose, and sat in the gate. And they told unto all the people, saying, Behold, the king doth sit in the gate. And all the people came before the king: for Israel had fled every man to his tent. 19:9 And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, The king saved us out of the hand of our enemies, and he delivered us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land for Absalom. 19:10 And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle. Now therefore why speak ye not a word of bringing the king back? 19:11 And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying, Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? seeing the speech of all Israel is come to the king, even to his house. 19:12 Ye are my brethren, ye are my bones and my flesh: wherefore then are ye the last to bring back the king? 19:13 And say ye to Amasa, Art thou not of my bone, and of my flesh? God do so to me, and more also, if thou be not captain of the host before me continually in the room of Joab.

Amasa was the general of Absalom. Afterwards we see that Amasa is showing allegiance to David. And David shows trust, and this guy led the army against them. Now we see the Shamai was cooperative. PP says that when David was down he was against him, he cursed him, when he was up he was co-operative.


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19:14 And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of one man; so that they sent this word unto the king, Return thou, and all thy servants. 19:15 So the king returned, and came to Jordan. And Judah came to Gilgal, to go to meet the king, to conduct the king over Jordan. 19:16 And Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite, which was of Bahurim, hasted and came down with the men of Judah to meet king David. 19:17 And there were a thousand men of Benjamin with him, and Ziba the servant of the house of Saul, and his fifteen sons and his twenty servants with him; and they went over Jordan before the king. 19:18 And there went over a ferry boat to carry over the king's household, and to do what he thought good. And Shimei the son of Gera fell down before the king, as he was come over Jordan; 19:19 And said unto the king, Let not my lord impute iniquity unto me, neither do thou remember that which thy servant did perversely the day that my lord the king went out of Jerusalem, that the king should take it to his heart. 19:20 For thy servant doth know that I have sinned: therefore, behold, I am come the first this day of all the house of Joseph to go down to meet my lord the king.

He admitted that he sinned. 19:21 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah answered and said, Shall not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed the LORD'S anointed?

Abashi still wants to kill him. 19:22 And David said, What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah, that ye should this day be adversaries unto me? shall there any man be put to death this day in Israel? for do not I know that I am this day king over Israel? 19:23 Therefore the king said unto Shimei, Thou shalt not die. And the king sware unto him. 19:24 And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed his beard, nor washed his clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came again in peace.

Mephibosheth was showing a sign of loyalty to David. When David left he didn't wash his clothes or cut his beard, or change his clothes. 19:25 And it came to pass, when he was come to Jerusalem to meet the king, that the king said unto him, Wherefore wentest not thou with me, Mephibosheth? 19:26 And he answered, My lord, O king, my servant deceived me: for thy servant said, I will saddle me an ass, that I may ride thereon, and go to the king; because thy servant is lame.

He shows that the guy lied to him. He was suppose to come but he didn't. 19:27 And he hath slandered thy servant unto my lord the king; but my lord the king is as an angel of God: do therefore what is good in thine eyes.


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19:28 For all of my father's house were but dead men before my lord the king: yet didst thou set thy servant among them that did eat at thine own table. What right therefore have I yet to cry any more unto the king? 19:29 And the king said unto him, Why speakest thou any more of thy matters? I have said, Thou and Ziba divide the land. 19:30 And Mephibosheth said unto the king, Yea, let him take all, forasmuch as my lord the king is come again in peace unto his own house. 19:31 And Barzillai the Gileadite came down from Rogelim, and went over Jordan with the king, to conduct him over Jordan. 19:32 Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old: and he had provided the king of sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man. 19:33 And the king said unto Barzillai, Come thou over with me, and I will feed thee with me in Jerusalem. 19:34 And Barzillai said unto the king, How long have I to live, that I should go up with the king unto Jerusalem? 19:35 I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king? 19:36 Thy servant will go a little way over Jordan with the king: and why should the king recompense it me with such a reward? 19:37 Let thy servant, I pray thee, turn back again, that I may die in mine own city, and be buried by the grave of my father and of my mother. But behold thy servant Chimham; let him go over with my lord the king; and do to him what shall seem good unto thee. 19:38 And the king answered, Chimham shall go over with me, and I will do to him that which shall seem good unto thee: and whatsoever thou shalt require of me, that will I do for thee. 19:39 And all the people went over Jordan. And when the king was come over, the king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and he returned unto his own place. 19:40 Then the king went on to Gilgal, and Chimham went on with him: and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the people of Israel. 19:41 And, behold, all the men of Israel came to the king, and said unto the king, Why have our brethren the men of Judah stolen thee away, and have brought the king, and his household, and all David's men with him, over Jordan? 19:42 And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel, Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore then be ye angry for this matter? have we eaten at all of the king's cost? or hath he given us any gift? 19:43 And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel.


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Chapter 20 20:1 And there happened to be there a man of Belial, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew a trumpet, and said, We have no part in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to his tents, O Israel. 20:2 So every man of Israel went up from after David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri: but the men of Judah clave unto their king, from Jordan even to Jerusalem.

Sheba must have been influential. Amasa and Joab meet and Joab kills him. Study Joab's character (interesting character). Assaulting the city: Woman came and asked what do they want? And they gave Sheba's head. 20:3 And David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in ward, and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were shut up unto the day of their death, living in widowhood. 20:4 Then said the king to Amasa, Assemble me the men of Judah within three days, and be thou here present. 20:5 So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah: but he tarried longer than the set time which he had appointed him. 20:6 And David said to Abishai, Now shall Sheba the son of Bichri do us more harm than did Absalom: take thou thy lord's servants, and pursue after him, lest he get him fenced cities, and escape us. 20:7 And there went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men: and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. 20:8 When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went before them. And Joab's garment that he had put on was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out. 20:9 And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him. 20:10 But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. 20:11 And one of Joab's men stood by him, and said, He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab. 20:12 And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still. 20:13 When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. 20:14 And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to Bethmaachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him. 20:15 And they came and besieged him in Abel of Bethmaachah, and they cast up a bank against the city,


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and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down. 20:16 Then cried a wise woman out of the city, Hear, hear; say, I pray you, unto Joab, Come near hither, that I may speak with thee. 20:17 And when he was come near unto her, the woman said, Art thou Joab? And he answered, I am he. Then she said unto him, Hear the words of thine handmaid. And he answered, I do hear. 20:18 Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, saying, They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so they ended the matter. 20:19 I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel: thou seekest to destroy a city and a mother in Israel: why wilt thou swallow up the inheritance of the LORD? 20:20 And Joab answered and said, Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy. 20:21 The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, hath lifted up his hand against the king, even against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall. 20:22 Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king. 20:23 Now Joab was over all the host of Israel: and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites: 20:24 And Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder: 20:25 And Sheva was scribe: and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests: 20:26 And Ira also the Jairite was a chief ruler about David.


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Chapter 21 1.) What Solomon's wisest, richest, and greatest moment? 2.) How long did it take to build the temple? 7 years 3.) What was the most out of the ordinary thing about the way they worked at the site while building the temple? 4.) What book contains Solomon's divinely inspired counsel on holy living? Proverbs 5.) How did God show His acceptance of the people in the temple at the end of Solomon's prayer? By allowing the cloud to rest in the tabernacle. 6.) Had Israel remained true to God the temple would have stood forever? True 7.) Bonus #1: From whom did Solomon purchase cedar trees to build the temple? Hiram 8.) The dedication of the temple was held during the feast of Pentecost? True or False Homework: Memorize 3 Texts for Proverbs. Choose what you want. Outline for 1 & 2 Samuel I. Samuel the first Judge (1 Sam 1-7) a. Prophetic Call of Samuel – 3 b. The ark of the covenant (philistines) – 4-6 c. Philistines defeated in Mizpah - 7 II. Establishment of Hebrew Monarchy (1 Sam 8-15) a. People ask for a king – 8 b. Saul established as king (Jabesh Gilead) (9-11) c. Saul rejected (13 & 15) III. Selection & training of David (1 Sam 16- 2 Sam 1) (1 Chron 11-20) a. Anointing of David – 16 b. David Slays Goliath – 17 c. Kings Saul's persual of David, the fugitive (18-27) i. Priests slain in Heb – 22 d. Saul visit's witch of endor – 28 (I Chron 1-9 Genealogies) e. Philistines defeat Israel, Death of Saul (1 Samuel 31) (I Chron 10) IV. David Establishes His Kingdom (2 Sam 2-10) (1 Chron 1 a. King of Judah in hebron – 2-4 b. David, King of all Israel & Judah – 5 (1 Chron 11 c. Ark brought to Jerusalem – 6 (1 Chron 13, 15, 16) d. David's covenant – 7 (1 Chron 17) e. Israel defeats Philistines, Moab, Zaba, Amalek, Edom and Ammon – 8 & 10 (1 Chron 18, 19) V. David's Sin & Repentance (2 Sam 11 & 12) a. Adultery and murder – 11 b. Repentance & Death of child (12) VI. Troubles in David's Family and kingdom (2 Sam 13-24) a. Story of Absolam & Rebellion – 13-19 b. Sheba's rebellion – 20 c. The census & Pestilence – 24 (1 Chron 24) 21:1 Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the LORD. And the LORD answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites.


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Famine for 3 years. Saul's injustice to the Gibeonites. God used this to bring this to the attention of the people. 21:2 And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah.) 21:3 Wherefore David said unto the Gibeonites, What shall I do for you? and wherewith shall I make the atonement, that ye may bless the inheritance of the LORD? 21:4 And the Gibeonites said unto him, We will have no silver nor gold of Saul, nor of his house; neither for us shalt thou kill any man in Israel. And he said, What ye shall say, that will I do for you. 21:5 And they answered the king, The man that consumed us, and that devised against us that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the coasts of Israel, 21:6 Let seven men of his sons be delivered unto us, and we will hang them up unto the LORD in Gibeah of Saul, whom the LORD did choose. And the king said, I will give them. 21:7 But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD'S oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul. 21:8 But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite: 21:9 And he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the hill before the LORD: and they fell all seven together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley harvest. 21:10 And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water dropped upon them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. 21:11 And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done. 21:12 And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabeshgilead, which had stolen them from the street of Bethshan, where the Philistines had hanged them, when the Philistines had slain Saul in Gilboa: 21:13 And he brought up from thence the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son; and they gathered the bones of them that were hanged. 21:14 And the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son buried they in the country of Benjamin in Zelah, in the sepulchre of Kish his father: and they performed all that the king commanded. And after that God was intreated for the land.

The famine was over. God took it seriously that the king that was suppose to be over His people had wronged others and this famine was not stayed until vengeance was paid. 21:15 Moreover the Philistines had yet war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines: and David waxed faint.

Philistines came to make war. When David conquered Moab, Ammon, Syria, and Edom he wiped


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them all out, but he never did this to the Philistines, they paid tribute to David. 21:16 And Ishbibenob, which was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David. 21:17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the light of Israel. 21:18 And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, which was of the sons of the giant. 21:19 And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam. 21:20 And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. 21:21 And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea the brother of David slew him. 21:22 These four were born to the giant in Gath, and fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Five sons and Five Stones


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Chapter 22 22:1 And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul: 22:2 And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; 22:3 The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence. 22:4 I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. 22:5 When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid; 22:6 The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me; 22:7 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did enter into his ears. 22:8 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth. 22:9 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. 22:10 He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet. 22:11 And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind. 22:12 And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies. 22:13 Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled. 22:14 The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice. 22:15 And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them. 22:16 And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

Metaphors seen here. Air blew out water to law the ground dry to part the red sea. Reminds you of. 22:17 He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters; 22:18 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me. 22:19 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay. 22:20 He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me. 22:21 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.


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22:22 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God. 22:23 For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them. 22:24 I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity. 22:25 Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight. 22:26 With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright. 22:27 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury. 22:28 And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down. 22:29 For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will lighten my darkness. 22:30 For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall. 22:31 As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all them that trust in him. 22:32 For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God? 22:33 God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect. 22:34 He maketh my feet like hinds' feet: and setteth me upon my high places. 22:35 He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. 22:36 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great. 22:37 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip. 22:38 I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them. 22:39 And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. 22:40 For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me hast thou subdued under me. 22:41 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me. 22:42 They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but he answered them not. 22:43 Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. 22:44 Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not shall serve me.


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22:45 Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me. 22:46 Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places. 22:47 The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation. 22:48 It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me, 22:49 And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. 22:50 Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name. 22:51 He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.


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Chapter 23 – Numbering of Israel First 5 verses correspond with 8 chapters in 1 Chronicles, now jump to 1 Samuel 24. 23:1 Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

This is after the revolution has been put down. He says this. These are the last words of David. 23:2 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.

He has the gift of prophecy. 1 Chron 22:10 He shall build an house for my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever.

After the Spirit of prophecy came upon him. He brought Solomon to everyone and made it clear that he was to rule. 1 Chron 28:7 Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day.

KEY TEXT shows condition 'if' 1 Chron 28:9 And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever.

Judgment texts. He searches the heart. It is conditional in the sense of the literal transpiring of David to Solomon, but it will be fulfilled through Christ the Messiah regardless. But the people must meet the conditions to be a part of the fulfillment. 1 Chron 28:10-11 [10] Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it. [11] ¶ Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place of the mercy seat,

“pattern” PP brings out that David received minute directions for the temple and he wrote them out according to divine inspiration. Every detail was by divine inspiration. 1 Chron 28:20 And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of the LORD. 1 Chron 29:19 All this, said David, the LORD made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern.

David's prayer.


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1 Chron 29:23 Then Solomon sat on the throne of the LORD as king instead of David his father, and prospered; and all Israel obeyed him.

KEY TEXTS It makes it clear here that Solomon is not sitting on a throne because of what man could do. But because of God. It shows that he is God's vice gerent, this shows that the theocracy was still in tact. It didn't say David's throne. 1 Chron 29:29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they [are] written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer,

Jewish tradition says that Samuel wrote 1 Sam 1-24 because he died in chapter 25. And they say Nathar or Gad wrote the rest and 2 Samuel. This verse is solid evidence that they did write something. Jewish tradition has something different. 23:3 The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.

Rock 23:4 And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain. 23:5 Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow. 23:6 But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands: 23:7 But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place. 23:8 These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time. 23:9 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away: 23:10 He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil. 23:11 And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines. 23:12 But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory. 23:13 And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of


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Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. 23:14 And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem. 23:15 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate! 23:16 And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD. 23:17 And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men. 23:18 And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three. 23:19 Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three. 23:20 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow: 23:21 And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear. 23:22 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men. 23:23 He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard. 23:24 Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 23:25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, 23:26 Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, 23:27 Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, 23:28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 23:29 Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, 23:30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash, 23:31 Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 23:32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, 23:33 Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite, 23:34 Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,


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23:35 Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, 23:36 Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 23:37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah, 23:38 Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite, 23:39 Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.


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Chapter 24 24:1 And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah.

People could use this to say that God moved David to do this and He got mad at Him. The same story in 1 Chron starts out saying Satan moved David to do it and not God. Wanting to enlarge the army (This was against the commandment). “he” is not God this refers to Satan. 24:2 For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, which was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beersheba, and number ye the people, that I may know the number of the people. 24:3 And Joab said unto the king, Now the LORD thy God add unto the people, how many soever they be, an hundredfold, and that the eyes of my lord the king may see it: but why doth my lord the king delight in this thing?

Loyal to the King even to the sin. 24:4 Notwithstanding the king's word prevailed against Joab, and against the captains of the host. And Joab and the captains of the host went out from the presence of the king, to number the people of Israel. 24:5 And they passed over Jordan, and pitched in Aroer, on the right side of the city that lieth in the midst of the river of Gad, and toward Jazer:

Gad comes 24:6 Then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtimhodshi; and they came to Danjaan, and about to Zidon, 24:7 And came to the strong hold of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivites, and of the Canaanites: and they went out to the south of Judah, even to Beersheba. 24:8 So when they had gone through all the land, they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days. 24:9 And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king: and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men that drew the sword; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men.

Samuel didn't bring out that he didn't finish. In 1 Chron 21:6 it says he didn't number Benjamin or Levi. But in Chron 27:24 tells us why. God intervened before the Job was done and stopped the numbering. 24:10 And David's heart smote him after that he had numbered the people. And David said unto the LORD, I have sinned greatly in that I have done: and now, I beseech thee, O LORD, take away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly.

The numbering isn't finished and David comes under conviction. PP shows something we wouldn’t notice in scriptures. When a conquering king numbers his people, what is his greatest concern? Military purposes. He has a big empire and PP says he intended to have a draft, he wanted to extend http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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his empire. He was getting power hungry and this is why God was mad. Not just the census, but David's motives were to build up his power. 24:11 For when David was up in the morning, the word of the LORD came unto the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying, 24:12 Go and say unto David, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things; choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee. 24:13 So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him, Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thine enemies, while they pursue thee? or that there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise, and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me.

Gad gave three options: 24:14 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let us fall now into the hand of the LORD; for his mercies are great: and let me not fall into the hand of man.

David chose to be put in God's hands. 70 thousand men died. PP 748 The taking of the census had caused disaffection among the people; yet they had themselves cherished the same sins that prompted David's action. As the Lord through Absalom's sin visited judgment upon David, so through David's error He punished the sins of Israel.

1 Chronicles says 3 2 Samuel says 7 PP 3 years famine 24:15 So the LORD sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even to the time appointed: and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men.

70,000 man are killed of God 24:16 And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the angel of the LORD was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite.

“repented” God changed what He was doing. PP The angel had not yet brought any destruction to Jerusalem. “Threshing place” – This is the same place where Abraham had offered up Isaac. God was revealing to David something particular about this sight. 24:17 And David spake unto the LORD when he saw the angel that smote the people, and said, Lo, I have sinned, and I have done wickedly: but these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against my father's house.

David didn't know the heart of the people like God did. PP said that they were guilty. The alter – Gad was the prophet the told David. David said I, Saul said they 24:18 And Gad came that day to David, and said unto him, Go up, rear an altar unto the LORD in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite.

The threshingfloor. God gives direction through a prophet that at that spot He wanted an altar built.


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24:19 And David, according to the saying of Gad, went up as the LORD commanded. 24:20 And Araunah looked, and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him: and Araunah went out, and bowed himself before the king on his face upon the ground. 24:21 And Araunah said, Wherefore is my lord the king come to his servant? And David said, To buy the threshingfloor of thee, to build an altar unto the LORD, that the plague may be stayed from the people.

Knows the Lords was not happy about it 24:22 And Araunah said unto David, Let my lord the king take and offer up what seemeth good unto him: behold, here be oxen for burnt sacrifice, and threshing instruments and other instruments of the oxen for wood. 24:23 All these things did Araunah, as a king, give unto the king. And Araunah said unto the king, The LORD thy God accept thee. 24:24 And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I will surely buy it of thee at a price: neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the LORD my God of that which doth cost me nothing. So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. 24:25 And David built there an altar unto the LORD, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So the LORD was intreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel. PP 749 This spot, memorable as the place where Abraham had built the altar to offer up his son, and now hallowed by this great deliverance, was afterward chosen as the site of the temple erected by Solomon.

This place was always to be remembered as a sacred spot. It was where Abraham offered up Isaac. (*PO tie in with Sanctuary notes). Next go to 1 Chronicles 21.


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1st Chronicles Introduction 1–2 Chronicles

Author and Title The text nowhere directly identifies its author (traditionally designated “the Chronicler”). Jewish tradition assigned the work to Ezra the scribe, who lived in the fifth century b.c., and some modern scholarship has supported this view. But the question of authorship is closely linked to the view one takes of the original form of the Chronicler's work and its relationship to Ezra–Nehemiah (see the sections on the Date and the Purpose, Occasion, and Background). In any case, the internal evidence indicates that the author was a priest or Levite with scribal training who was employed in the service of the temple during the Persian period (539–332 b.c.) and had access to the temple records. The Hebrew title of the work, Dibre Hayyamim, is derived from 1 Chronicles 27:24 and may be translated “the events of the years” or “annals.” In the Septuagint (Greek translation), it is known as Paraleipomena or “the things omitted,” indicating that it was considered a supplement to the books of Samuel and Kings. The English title derives from a suggestion by Jerome, the translator of the Vulgate (a Latin translation), that a more suitable title would be “the chronicle of the whole sacred history.” Martin Luther adopted this proposal, titling his translation of the books Die Chronika, and versions ever since the Reformation have followed his practice. (Most likely written by Ezra) this two books was only for the Judah.

Date Until the latter half of the twentieth century it was widely held that Chronicles and Ezra–Nehemiah were originally a single work recounting Israel's history from Adam to the time of Nehemiah, c. 430 b.c. (see Neh. 5:14). However, most scholars now consider them separate works from the same temple circles of priests and scribes. The inclusion in Chronicles of modified passages from Ezra– Nehemiah (1 Chron. 9:2–34 = Neh. 11:3–19; 2 Chron. 36:22–23 = Ezra 1:1–3) points to Chronicles being a somewhat later work. The list of the postexilic Davidic descendants in 1 Chronicles 3:17–24 suggests a date of c. 400 b.c., or possibly some decades later.

Theme The central theme of Chronicles is the significance of the Davidic covenant as the enduring basis of Israel's life and hope. The Davidic covenant is expressed in the two institutions that derive directly from it: the monarchy and the temple. These institutions are mutually related (1 Chron. 17:10b– 14), and together they represent God's kingdom in Israel (2 Chron. 13:5, 8). The Davidic covenant does not replace the Mosaic covenant but builds on it for the new age of the monarchy and the temple. Further dimensions of the Davidic covenant are discussed below under Key Themes.

Key Themes 1. The Davidic covenant. God's promissory covenant with David (1 Chron. 17:10b–14, 23–27; 2 Chron. 6:10, 15–17, 42; 7:17–18; 13:8; 23:3) is the source of the Davidic dynasty and Solomon's temple. God's commitment to “build a house” for David is fulfilled in the accession of Solomon and the line of his descendants, while the temple is completed as God promised (2 Chron. 6:10). The covenant has its origin in God's purpose and initiative in electing David to be his king (1 Chron. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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28:4) and Solomon to be his temple builder (1 Chron. 22:9–10; 28:5). God is committed to maintaining his covenant in preserving the Davidic house even through apostasy (2 Chron. 21:13) and exile (1 Chron. 3:17–24). The covenant continues “forever” because of God's gracious love for Israel, a point frequently celebrated in worship (see 1 Chron. 16:41; 2 Chron. 5:13; 20:21); nevertheless, there are conditions of obedience to God's commands if the king and his people are to experience the blessings of the covenant (1 Chron. 28:9; 2 Chron. 7:17–18; 15:2, 7). While the Davidic covenant plays a preeminent role in the work, it does not displace the Mosaic covenant as the foundation for Israel's existence in the exodus (see 1 Chron. 17:5; 2 Chron. 5:10; 6:5; 7:22; 20:7) and the way in which the nation must live its life before God. The Law of Moses remains the standard of authority and the mark of obedience to God's will, according to which David and his successors are judged (1 Chron. 15:15; 22:13; 2 Chron. 7:17; 12:2; 14:4; 19:10; 24:9; 25:4; 35:6). David instituted a number of reforms in the organization of worship and the duties of the Levites (1 Chron. 16:4, 37–40; 23:1–26:32), but these changes did not alter the fundamental status of the Mosaic law. The reforming kings (including Jehoshaphat, 2 Chron. 17:7–9; and Josiah, 2 Chronicles 34–35) took care to ensure that their measures would bring Judah's life into closer conformity with the Law of Moses. 2. The temple. Solomon's temple looms very large in Chronicles, all the more so in comparison to the books of Samuel and Kings. Much of the presentation of David's reign is taken up with his preparations for the temple, including the ark narrative (1 Chronicles 13, 15–16), which is really a harbinger of the building that will house the symbol of God's presence (1 Chron. 17:1; 2 Chron. 5:4– 5; 6:41). Moreover, David's wars (1 Chronicles 18–20) have their primary meaning for the Chronicler in securing “rest” for the land as the condition for temple building (1 Chron. 22:17–19). The portrayal of Solomon's reign is also taken up almost entirely with describing the construction and dedication of the temple (2 Chron. 2:1–8:16). In post-Solomonic history, the temple plays a central role in the reigns of Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 29–30) and Josiah (2 Chronicles 34–35). The temple's great significance for the Chronicler is as the manifestation of the Davidic covenant alongside the dynasty. The temple and the Davidic house have a mutually supportive relationship. Just as David provided for the construction of the building (1 Chron. 22:2–16; 29:2–5) and organized its personnel (1 Chronicles 23–26), his faithful successors should take pains to ensure that its round of worship is maintained (see 2 Chron. 13:10–12), and the building is kept in repair (see 2 Chron. 24:4–14) or purified after defilement (2 Chron. 29:3–19; 34:8–13). Conversely, it is the temple personnel who should come to the aid of the Davidic dynasty in its time of crisis (2 Chron. 23:10–16). Above all, the Chronicler's interest in the temple lies with its personnel, especially the Levites. Considerable attention is given to their activities of offering praise in song and music (1 Chron. 6:31–47; 9:33; 15:19; 16:4–6, 37–38; 25:1–31; 2 Chron. 5:12–13; 7:6; 8:14–15; 20:21–22; 30:21; 35:15), uttering prophecy and encouragement (1 Chron. 25:1; 2 Chron. 20:14–17), supporting the Aaronic priests in administering the sacrifices (2 Chron. 29:34; 35:11–14), safeguarding the holiness of the temple (1 Chron. 9:17–27; 26:1–19; 2 Chron. 23:18), and other kinds of administration and teaching (1 Chron. 9:28–29, 31–32; 26:20–32; 2 Chron. 17:8–9; 24:4–5, 8–11; 29:3–19; 31:11–19; 34:9–13). In short, the Levites played an essential role in maintaining the whole apparatus of worship, and in many ways may be seen as the forerunners of the Christian ministry (see Rom. 15:16). Their principal service is to offer the praise that accompanies the regular sacrifices, declaring God's eternal covenant love to Israel (1 Chron. 16:34; 2 Chron. 5:13) and assisting the people in their own offering of praise (2 Chron. 7:3). Worship for the Chronicler is a means of transformation into covenant obedience and the kindling of faith and hope. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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3. The people of Israel. The Chronicler sought to address some urgent questions in his day concerning the identity of Israel and to instill fresh confidence in the people. The genealogies of Israel that begin the work (1 Chronicles 1–9) start by tracing the people's ancestry back to Adam, a striking reminder that Israel lay at the center of God's purpose from the very beginning of creation. Although only a “remnant” and a provincial outpost in a great empire, Israel must remember that its security and destiny rest with Yahweh, “who rule[s] over all the kingdoms of the nations” and has given the land to Abraham's descendants “forever” (2 Chron. 20:6–7). Second, the continuation of the genealogies makes it clear that Israel in its broadest extent embraces all 12 tribes that were descended from Jacob/Israel's sons (1 Chron. 2:1). While 2 Chronicles 11–36 is mainly the narrative of Judah and Benjamin, the northern tribes never forfeited their status as members of Israel, even in their rebellion against the rightful Davidic king (2 Chron. 13:5). Judah and Benjamin formed the core of the preexilic southern kingdom as well as being the majority of the restoration community, but they did so as the representative center, to which all who belonged by ancestry to Israel might join themselves. The Chronicler shows how this might be done, first of all by presenting the ideal picture of “all Israel” united in their support of David and Solomon at the foundation of the Davidic monarchy and the dedication of the temple (see 1 Chron. 11:1–12:40; 13:2, 5; 15:3; 28:1; 29:6; 2 Chron. 1:2; 5:2; 6:3; 7:8–10). The division of the kingdom under Rehoboam led to a centuries-long schism in the people, and the northern tribes lapsed into apostasy (2 Chron. 13:8–9). With the fall of the northern kingdom, however, Hezekiah made brotherly overtures to the north to heal these divisions through participation in temple worship (see 2 Chron. 30:6–9) as one people under the Davidic king, as they had been in Solomon's day (2 Chron. 30:23–27). The participation of northerners in Josiah's Passover (2 Chron. 35:17) and the membership of people from Ephraim and Manasseh in the postexilic community in Jerusalem (1 Chron. 9:3) demonstrated the same desire to include “all Israel” once more, with the temple (a visible symbol of the Davidic covenant) as the focus of unity. Chronicles might also be called a genuinely populist work. Although its concern with kings and the priesthood might seem hierarchical, it demonstrates a striking interest in the broad participation of the people in the life of the nation. Compared to the presentation in the books of Samuel and Kings, the Chronicler consistently highlights the role of the people at large in laying the religious foundations of the nation (see 1 Chron. 11:4; 13:2; 15:25; 2 Chron. 1:2–3), no doubt as a way of affirming that “all Israel” (both north and south, the laity as well as the priesthood) has a share in these institutions. The Chronicler also shows the people responding generously to appeals to support the temple (1 Chron. 29:5–9; 2 Chron. 31:4–10) and participating in the numerous acts of religious reform and covenant renewal (see 2 Chron. 15:8–17; 17:7–9; 23:16–21; 31:1; 34:29–32). All these portrayals show the covenant people at their best, responding to the call to “seek God” and entering into his blessing. This was evidently an outlook that the Chronicler desired the people of his own day to emulate.

Purpose, Occasion, and Background The Babylonian campaign against Judah, which began in 605 b.c. under Nebuchadnezzar, climaxed in the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple in 586 and the deportation of many of its leading people to settlements near Babylon. The conquest meant the overthrow of the Davidic monarchy and the end of Judah as a nation-state. Babylon, in turn, fell in 538 b.c. to the Persians under Cyrus II. The Persians followed a more benign policy of permitting the exiled people groups to return to their lands (now provinces in the Persian Empire) to rebuild their cities and reestablish their religious practices. Groups of exiles from Judah, including priests and civil leaders, returned in 538


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b.c., but the temple was not completely rebuilt until 516. This initial restoration was followed by those who returned in 458 b.c. with Ezra, who came to reestablish the Law of Moses as the rule for the community's life, and Nehemiah, who arrived as governor in 445 to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.

Distinctive Features Basic Chronology of 1–2 Chronicles Events Foundation of the Davidic monarchy

Dates c. 1010–931 b.c. 931–586

Passages 1 Chronicles 10–2 Chronicles 9 2 Chron. 10:1–36:21

History of Judah from the division of the kingdom until its fall Babylonian captivity 586–538 2 Chron. 36:17–21 Cyrus's decree 538 2 Chron. 36:22–23 Chronicles was most probably composed in this period, or some years afterward. Judah, as the historical heir of Israel, had been reconstituted in the land, with the temple rebuilt and functioning in Jerusalem. Yet it was a community much reduced in strength and numbers, occupying only a small portion of the land compared to the preexilic kingdom. The people of Judah were subject to foreign overlords, living in the midst of a mixed, and sometimes antagonistic, population. In many ways their conditions in the land were still characterized by exile rather than restoration (see Ezra 9:6–15; Neh. 9:32–36). The questions of Israel's place in God's purposes and the meaning of his ancient promises to David were pressing ones. With such questions in mind, the Chronicler wrote to commend a positive prescription for the spiritual and social renewal of his community. He presented an interpretation of Israel's past, drawing mainly on the books of Samuel and Kings. He recast and supplemented those books in many ways, not only to show how the nation's unfaithfulness to God had led it into disaster but also to point out how its faithful kings and people had experienced God's blessing. These episodes were evidently intended to encourage a similar response in the hearer. The exhortative character of Chronicles is pronounced, especially in the speeches of the kings and prophets. Those recorded speeches rhetorically address the people and priests of the Chronicler's present, the historical heirs of preexilic Israel. The Chronicler's narrative method is clear and explicit. He recounts the history of Israel and the Davidic monarchy down to the exile primarily as a matter of “seeking God” or “forsaking him,” and sets out the consequences that flow from that choice for the king and people. To seek God means to orient one's life toward him in active faith and obedience, to be diligent in fulfilling the commands of the Mosaic law, to oppose idolatry, and especially to support and participate in the authorized worship of the temple (see 1 Chron. 10:13; 13:3; 15:13; 16:10; 22:19; 28:9; 2 Chron. 1:5; 12:14; 14:4, 7; 15:2, 4; 16:12; 17:4; 18:4; 19:3; 20:4; 22:9; 26:5; 30:19; 31:21; 34:3). Those who seek God experience his blessing, typically in the form of large families (1 Chron. 14:3–7; 2 Chron. 11:19–21; 13:21; 24:3), building projects (1 Chron. 14:1; 2 Chron. 8:1–6; 11:5–12; 14:6–7; 17:12; 26:2, 6; 27:3–4; 32:5, 29–30; 33:14), riches and honor (1 Chron. 14:2, 17; 29:2–5; 2 Chron. 9:13–14, 22; 26:8, 15), military strength and success (1 Chron. 5:20–22; 14:8–16; 18:1–20:8; 2 Chron. 8:3; 13:13–18; 14:9–15; 20:20–26; 25:11–13; 26:4–8; 27:5–7; 32:20–22), and peace for the land (1 Chron. 22:18; 23:25; 2 Chron. 14:4–7; 15:15, 19; 17:10). The converse is to forsake God, which includes apostasy and idolatry, the neglect and abuse of the http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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temple and its institutions, despising the word of prophets, and egregious violence (see 1 Chron. 28:9; 2 Chron. 12:1, 5; 13:10; 21:10; 24:18). God's punishment for forsaking him and his law includes defeat and despoiling by foreign enemies (1 Chron. 10:1–7; 2 Chron. 12:2–4; 21:8–11, 16– 17; 24:23–24; 25:17–24; 28:5–8, 16–21; 33:10–11; 35:20–24; 36:5–19), sickness and death for disobedient individuals (1 Chron. 2:3; 10:13–14; 2 Chron. 16:12; 21:12–15, 18–19; 22:7–9; 23:14– 15; 24:25; 25:27; 26:16–21; 33:24; 35:23–24), and, finally, forfeiture of the land and exile for the people (1 Chron. 5:26; 9:1; 2 Chron. 36:18, 20). The basic concepts represented by “seeking God” or “forsaking” him are, of course, also expressed by a broader range of phrases (“to serve God with a whole heart”; “to do what is right [or evil] in the eyes of the Lord”; and esp. “to be unfaithful”; see note on 1 Chron. 2:3–8). Just as important as the exhortation to faithful seeking, if not more so, is the message of forgiveness and restoration to God through sacrifices of atonement and humble prayer. The Chronicler is insistent that from beginning (1 Chron. 2:3, 7) to end (2 Chron. 36:14), Israel is a sinful people that fails to reverence God in his holiness as they should. That sinfulness extends even to David (1 Chron. 21:1), who best exemplifies for the Chronicler what it means to seek God. Yet God in his mercy provides the way back to himself. The temple stands where David repented and offered sacrifice. It is designated by God as the instrument of his forgiveness and the point at which the consequences of sin may be reversed (2 Chron. 7:12–16). This emphasis on repentance explains one of the notable differences in presentation and purpose between Chronicles and Kings. The Chronicler would certainly agree with the writer(s) of Kings that figures such as Rehoboam and Manasseh were notorious sinners whose disobedience divided the kingdom and led to its fall. But the Chronicler also uses them as examples of repentance and personal recipients of God's grace. The destruction of the kingdom of Judah and the exile of its people are duly explained as the consequence of Israel's persistent unfaithfulness and its rejection of the prophetic summons to repentance (2 Chron. 36:16). But the ending of Chronicles—Cyrus's decree to return and rebuild the temple (2 Chron. 36:22–23)—takes the reader full circle to the beginning: a representative core of God's people has once again been gathered to the land and to the temple in Jerusalem, their daily round of worship standing in continuity with the preexilic days (1 Chron. 9:2–34). The Chronicler has shown how Israel's fall occurred, how such a disaster may be avoided in the future, and how all who belong to Israel may be gathered and consolidated as God's people. At the center stands the temple, the symbol of Yahweh's constant will to forgive and restore his penitent people who “seek his face” in prayer (2 Chron. 7:14). The restored temple testifies to the permanent continuance of God's covenant promises to David. Holding fast to those promises, and supporting the temple institutions that testify to them, is Israel's road to greater blessing and restoration. A key question in discerning the Chronicler's purpose has to do with the promise to David of a permanent dynasty (1 Chron. 17:12–14; 2 Chron. 6:16–17; 13:5) in an age when the Davidic monarchy had long since ceased to function. Some commentators believe that the Chronicler envisioned a return to something like the preexilic kingdom, with a descendant of David once more enthroned in Jerusalem. Yet nothing in the book allows it to be tied so directly to the political circumstances of postexilic Judah. Alternatively, it has been argued that the Chronicler saw the temple and its priestly institutions as the heir to these promises, replacing the defunct monarchy in the theocratic rule of the religious community. Against this is the fact that the Chronicler goes to great lengths to show that the monarchy and the temple are separate pillars of God's rule in Israel, and that the Davidic house has been preserved through great danger (see 2 Chronicles 21–23, esp. 23:3) and down into the Chronicler's day (1 Chron. 3:17–24). Moreover, the Davidic dynasty is connected with God's own throne and eternal kingdom as the instrument of God's rule over Israel (1 Chron. 28:5; 2 Chron. 9:8) and therefore has a transcendent character compared to “the http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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kingdoms of the countries” (1 Chron. 29:30). For these reasons, it seems clear that the Chronicler understood the Davidic line to be a focus of hope for the future, although he has not specified what this hope entails. This can be called an implicit messianism, a hope that will bear fruit in the appearance of Christ. The Chronicler's eye, however, is directed more to what his own community may become in the interim: he envisions “all Israel” (not only Judah but all the tribes) as once more possessing the land, living according to the Law of Moses, and worshiping at the temple.

Comparison of 1–2 Chronicles with 2 Samuel and 1–2 Kings Genealogies Death of Saul and sons Lament for Saul David king of Judah War between house of Saul and David; Ishbosheth made king David's sons in Hebron Abner helps David Joab kills Abner Ish-bosheth killed David king of Judah and Israel Conquest of Jerusalem David's mighty men David's men at Ziklag Celebration at Hebron Attempted return of ark; death of Uzzah David's house built David's children in Jerusalem David defeats Philistines Spiritual preparation for the ark's return Ark brought to Jerusalem David and Michal David's psalm of praise David's desire to build the temple Davidic covenant David's prayer of praise David's victories David's officials David helps Mephibosheth Ammonites defeated Syrians defeated Ammonites defeated David and Bathsheba Amnon, Tamar, and Absalom Absalom's rebellion Sheba's rebellion Famine; death of Saul's sons War with Philistines; the Philistine giants David's psalm of deliverance David's last words


1 Chronicles 2 Samuel 1:1–9:44 10:1–14 1 Sam. 31:1–2 Sam. 1:16 2 Sam. 1:17–27 2:1–7 2:8–3:1

11:1–3 11:4–9 11:10–47 12:1–22 12:23–40 13:1–14 14:1–2 14:3–7 14:8–17 15:1–24 15:25–16:6 16:7–43 17:1–2 17:3–15 17:16–27 18:1–13 18:14–17 19:1–15 19:16–19 20:1–3

20:4–8

3:2–5 3:6–21 3:22–39 4:1–12 5:1–5 5:6–10 23:8–39 6:1–11 5:11–12 5:13–16 5:17–25 6:12–19 6:20–23 7:1–3 7:4–17 7:18–29 8:1–14 8:15–18 9:1–13 10:1–14 10:15–19 11:1; 12:26–31 11:2–12:25 13:1–14:33 15:1–19:43 20:1–26 21:1–14 21:15–22 22:1–51 23:1–7

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David's census David plans for the temple David's charge to Solomon and the leaders David organizes temple personnel Israel's military Israel's leaders David's charge to Israel; affirmation of Solomon Pattern for the temple Offerings for the temple David's prayer of thanks for the temple David and Abishag Adonijah claims the throne Solomon's coronation David instructs Solomon Death of David Solomon establishes his kingdom Solomon marries Pharaoh's daughter Solomon at Gibeon God gives Solomon wisdom Solomon's wise judgment Solomon's prosperity Preparations for the temple Temple built Solomon's palace Ark brought to temple God's glory fills the temple Solomon blesses the people Solomon consecrates the temple Fire from the Lord consumes the sacrifices Solomon and the people offer sacrifices Feast of Tabernacles The covenant confirmed Solomon's territory increases Solomon's enemies defeated Solomon's religious practices Solomon's economic operations Queen of Sheba visits Solomon's wealth Solomon's apostasy and adversaries Death of Solomon Division of the kingdom Man of God from Judah warns Jeroboam (Israel) Ahijah's prophecy against Jeroboam Death of Jeroboam Shishak invades Judah Reign of Rehoboam (Judah) War between Judah and Israel


21:1–22:5 21:28–22:5 22:6–19 23:1–26:32 27:1–15 27:16–34 28:1–10 28:11–21 29:1–9 29:10–19

29:20–25 29:26–30 2 Chronicles 1:1–6 1:7–12 1:14–17 2:1–18 3:1–5:1 5:2–12 5:13–14 6:1–11 6:12–42 7:1–3 7:4–7 7:8–10 7:11–22 8:1–6 8:7–10 8:11–16 8:17–18 9:1–12 9:13–28 9:29–31 10:1–11:23

12:1–12 12:13–16 13:1–22

24:1–25

1 Kings 1:1–4 1:5–27 1:28–40 2:1–9 2:10–11 2:12–46 3:1–3 3:4 3:5–14 3:16–28 4:20–34 5:1–18 6:1–38; 7:13–51 7:1–12 8:1–9 8:10–11 8:12–21 8:22–61 8:62–64 8:65–66 9:1–9 9:10–19 9:20–23 9:24–25 9:26–28 10:1–13 10:14–29 11:1–40 11:41–43 12:1–33 13:1–34 14:1–18 14:19–20 14:25–28 14:21–24, 29–31 15:1–8

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Evaluation of Asa (Judah) Ethiopians defeated Azariah the prophet Asa's reforms Asa defeats Syria Death of Asa Reigns of Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri (Israel) Ahab becomes king (Israel) Elijah Call of Elisha Ahab conquers Syria, acquires Naboth's vineyard Evaluation of Jehoshaphat (Judah) Expansion of Judah Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahab; death of Ahab Jehoshaphat's reforms, crisis, and deliverance Reign of Jehoshaphat Reign of Ahaziah (Israel)

14:1–8 14:9–15 15:1–7 15:8–19 16:1–10 16:11–14

15:13–15 15:16–22 15:23–24 15:25–16:28 16:29–34 17:1–19:18; 21:17–29 19:19–21 20:1–21:29

17:1–9 17:10–19 18:1–34 19:1–20:30 20:31–37

Death of Ahaziah; Elijah's prophecy Elijah and Elisha Evaluation of Jehoram (Israel) Moab rebels The widow's oil The Shunammite woman Miracles for the prophets Naaman healed The axe-head recovered Chariots of fire Siege of Samaria Shunammite's land restored Hazael kills Ben-hadad Evaluation of Jehoram (Judah) Edom and Libnah rebel Warning of Elijah Invasion of Philistia and Arabia Death of Jehoram Reign of Ahaziah (Judah)

21:1–7 21:8–11 21:12–15 21:16–17 21:18–20 22:1–9

Reign of Jehu (Israel) Reign of Athaliah (Judah) Jehoiada's reforms (Judah) Evaluation of Joash (Judah) Joash repairs the temple Death of Jehoiada Jehoiada's son killed Syria invades Judah Death of Joash

22:7–9 22:10–23:15 23:16–21 24:1–3 24:4–14 24:15–16 24:17–22 24:23–24 24:25–27


15:9–12

22:1–40 22:41–50 22:51–53 1:1–18 2:1–25 3:1–3 3:4–27 4:1–7 4:8–37 4:38–44 5:1–27 6:1–7 6:8–23 6:24–7:20 8:1–6 8:7–15 8:16–19 8:20–22

2 Kings

8:23–24 8:25–29; 9:15–16, 27–28; 10:12–14 9:1–10:36 11:1–16 11:17–20 11:21–12:3 12:4–16 12:17–18 12:19–21

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Reign of Jehoahaz (Israel) Reign of Jehoash (Israel) Elisha's final prophecy and death Reign of Amaziah (Judah) Israel defeats Judah Death of Amaziah Evaluation of Uzziah (Judah) Reign of Jeroboam II (Israel) Victories of Uzziah Sinful offering of Uzziah Death of Uzziah Reign of Zechariah (Israel) Reign of Shallum (Israel) Reign of Menahem (Israel) Reign of Pekahiah (Israel) Reign of Pekah (Israel) Reign of Jotham (Judah) Evaluation of Ahaz (Judah) Israel defeats Judah Ahaz's idolatry and death Fall of Israel Resettlement of Israel Evaluation of Hezekiah (Judah) Hezekiah cleanses the temple Hezekiah restores temple worship Hezekiah restores Passover Hezekiah destroys idols, organizes priests Fall of Israel (restated) Assyria invades Judah Hezekiah's illness and restoration Hezekiah's wealth and foolish pride Death of Hezekiah Reign of Manasseh (Judah) Manasseh's repentance Reign of Amon (Judah) Evaluation of Josiah (Judah) Josiah's early reforms Josiah repairs temple Book of Law discovered; Josiah's reforms Passover celebrated Death of Josiah Reign of Jehoahaz (Judah) Reign of Jehoiakim (Judah) Reign of Jehoiachin (Judah); Babylonian captivity Evaluation of Zedekiah (Judah) Destruction of Jerusalem Remnant flees to Egypt Jehoiachin released


25:1–16 25:17–24 25:25–28 26:1–5 26:6–15 26:16–21 26:22–23

27:1–9 28:1–4 28:5–21 28:22–27 29:1–2 29:3–19 29:20–36 30:1–27 31:1–21 32:1–23 32:24–26 32:27–31 32:32–33 33:1–9 33:10–20 33:21–25 34:1–2 34:3–7 34:8–13 34:14–33 35:1–19 35:20–27 36:1–3 36:4–8 36:9–10 36:11–12 36:13–21

13:1–9 13:10–13 13:14–25 14:1–20 14:8–14 14:17–20 14:21–22; 15:1–3 14:23–29 15:1–7 15:7 15:8–12 15:13–16 15:17–22 15:23–26 15:27–31 15:32–38 16:1–4 16:5–9 16:10–12 17:1–23 17:24–41 18:1–8

18:9–12 18:13–19:37 20:1–11 20:12–19 20:20–21 21:1–18 21:19–26 22:1–2 22:3–7 22:8–23:20 23:21–27 23:28–30 23:31–33 23:24–24:7 24:8–17 24:18–20 25:1–21 25:22–26 25:27–30

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Proclamation by Cyrus

36:22–23

History of Salvation Summary God chose Israel to be his people, through whom he would bless all peoples, especially by raising up the ultimate heir of David to rule them. He gave his people the privilege of worshiping and obeying him, but sadly, they were unfaithful, and he disciplined them severely. For all that, the exile was not the end of Israel's story. Members of the restoration community were the heirs of Israel, both of its mission and of its privileges. May they be faithful this time!

Outline for 1–2 Chronicles Chronicles is a carefully constructed work with a clearly directed narrative. Its material falls into three major sections that overlap their present division into two books. Each of these sections has in turn a number of more or less discrete units. In greater detail, these units are as follows: 1. A Genealogical Presentation of the Tribes of Israel (1 Chron. 1:1–9:44) 1. Adam to Esau (1:1–54) 2. The sons of Israel (2:1–2) 3. The tribe of Judah (2:3–4:23) 4. The tribe of Simeon (4:24–43) 5. The Transjordanian tribes (5:1–26) 6. The tribe of Levi (6:1–81) 7. Other northern tribes (7:1–40) 8. The tribe of Benjamin (8:1–40) 9. The resettlement of Jerusalem (9:1–34) 10. The genealogy of Saul (9:35–44) 2. The United Kingdom of David and Solomon (1 Chron. 10:1–2 Chron. 9:31) 1. David's rise to power over Israel (1 Chron. 10:1–12:40) 2. David's transfer of the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem (13:1–16:43) 3. The dynastic promise to David (17:1–27) 4. David's wars (18:1–20:8) 5. David's census and preparation for the temple (21:1–29:30) 6. Solomon's temple preparations (2 Chron. 1:1–2:18) 7. Solomon's building of the temple (3:1–5:1) 8. The dedication of the temple (5:2–7:22) 9. Solomon's other accomplishments (8:1–16) 10. Solomon's international relations and renown (8:17–9:31) 3. The Kingdom of Judah down to the Exile (2 Chron. 10:1–36:23) 1. Rehoboam (10:1–12:16) 2. Abijah (13:1–14:1) 3. Asa (14:2–16:14) 4. Jehoshaphat (17:1–21:1) 5. Jehoram and Ahaziah (21:2–22:12) 6. Joash (23:1–24:27) 7. Amaziah (25:1–28) 8. Uzziah (26:1–23) 9. Jotham (27:1–9) 10. Ahaz (28:1–27) 11. Hezekiah (29:1–32:33)


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12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Manasseh (33:1–20) Amon (33:21–25) Josiah (34:1–35:27) The last four kings (36:1–21) Restoration (36:22–23)


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Chapter 1 1:1 Adam, Sheth, Enosh,

It starts with Adam 1:2 Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, 1:3 Henoch, Methuselah, Lamech, 1:4 Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 1:5 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

Gomer and Magog old people. 1:6 And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. 1:7 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. 1:8 The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. 1:9 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. 1:10 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be mighty upon the earth. 1:11 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, 1:12 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and Caphthorim. 1:13 And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth, 1:14 The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, 1:15 And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, 1:16 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. 1:17 The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. 1:18 And Arphaxad begat Shelah, and Shelah begat Eber. 1:19 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother's name was Joktan. 1:20 And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, 1:21 Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah, 1:22 And Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba, 1:23 And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan.


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1:24 Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, 1:25 Eber, Peleg, Reu, 1:26 Serug, Nahor, Terah, 1:27 Abram; the same is Abraham.

Abraham 1:28 The sons of Abraham; Isaac, and Ishmael. 1:29 These are their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 1:30 Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, 1:31 Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael. 1:32 Now the sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine: she bare Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And the sons of Jokshan; Sheba, and Dedan. 1:33 And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Henoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these are the sons of Keturah. 1:34 And Abraham begat Isaac. The sons of Isaac; Esau and Israel. 1:35 The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah. 1:36 The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek. 1:37 The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. 1:38 And the sons of Seir; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, and Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan. 1:39 And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister. 1:40 The sons of Shobal; Alian, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shephi, and Onam. And the sons of Zibeon; Aiah, and Anah. 1:41 The sons of Anah; Dishon. And the sons of Dishon; Amram, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. 1:42 The sons of Ezer; Bilhan, and Zavan, and Jakan. The sons of Dishan; Uz, and Aran. 1:43 Now these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel; Bela the son of Beor: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. 1:44 And when Bela was dead, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. 1:45 And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. 1:46 And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, which smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.


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1:47 And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. 1:48 And when Samlah was dead, Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. 1:49 And when Shaul was dead, Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. 1:50 And when Baalhanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 1:51 Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth, 1:52 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, 1:53 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 1:54 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram. These are the dukes of Edom.


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Chapter 2 - Israel to David 2:1 These are the sons of Israel; Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun,

Israel was Jacob. 2:2 Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. 2:3 The sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah: which three were born unto him of the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er, the firstborn of Judah, was evil in the sight of the LORD; and he slew him.

It traces from Jacob down to David. Achan and Tamar are in here. (EOT) 2:4 And Tamar his daughter in law bare him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. 2:5 The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul. 2:6 And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: five of them in all. 2:7 And the sons of Carmi; Achar, the troubler of Israel, who transgressed in the thing accursed. 2:8 And the sons of Ethan; Azariah. 2:9 The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him; Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai. 2:10 And Ram begat Amminadab; and Amminadab begat Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah; 2:11 And Nahshon begat Salma, and Salma begat Boaz,

Boaz 2:12 And Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse,

Jesse 2:13 And Jesse begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the third, 2:14 Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, 2:15 Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:

David 2:16 Whose sisters were Zeruiah, and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.

Shows relation between David, Joab and his brothers. 2:17 And Abigail bare Amasa: and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmeelite. 2:18 And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.


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2:19 And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare him Hur. 2:20 And Hur begat Uri, and Uri begat Bezaleel. 2:21 And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub. 2:22 And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead. 2:23 And he took Geshur, and Aram, with the towns of Jair, from them, with Kenath, and the towns thereof, even threescore cities. All these belonged to the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. 2:24 And after that Hezron was dead in Calebephratah, then Abiah Hezron's wife bare him Ashur the father of Tekoa. 2:25 And the sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were, Ram the firstborn, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah. 2:26 Jerahmeel had also another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was the mother of Onam. 2:27 And the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were, Maaz, and Jamin, and Eker. 2:28 And the sons of Onam were, Shammai, and Jada. And the sons of Shammai; Nadab, and Abishur. 2:29 And the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail, and she bare him Ahban, and Molid. 2:30 And the sons of Nadab; Seled, and Appaim: but Seled died without children. 2:31 And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai. 2:32 And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children. 2:33 And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. 2:34 Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. And Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha. 2:35 And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant to wife; and she bare him Attai. 2:36 And Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan begat Zabad, 2:37 And Zabad begat Ephlal, and Ephlal begat Obed, 2:38 And Obed begat Jehu, and Jehu begat Azariah, 2:39 And Azariah begat Helez, and Helez begat Eleasah, 2:40 And Eleasah begat Sisamai, and Sisamai begat Shallum, 2:41 And Shallum begat Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begat Elishama. 2:42 Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.


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2:43 And the sons of Hebron; Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. 2:44 And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam: and Rekem begat Shammai. 2:45 And the son of Shammai was Maon: and Maon was the father of Bethzur. 2:46 And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez. 2:47 And the sons of Jahdai; Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph. 2:48 Maachah, Caleb's concubine, bare Sheber, and Tirhanah. 2:49 She bare also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbenah, and the father of Gibea: and the daughter of Caleb was Achsah. 2:50 These were the sons of Caleb the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah; Shobal the father of Kirjathjearim, 2:51 Salma the father of Bethlehem, Hareph the father of Bethgader. 2:52 And Shobal the father of Kirjathjearim had sons; Haroeh, and half of the Manahethites. 2:53 And the families of Kirjathjearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zareathites, and the Eshtaulites. 2:54 The sons of Salma; Bethlehem, and the Netophathites, Ataroth, the house of Joab, and half of the Manahethites, the Zorites. 2:55 And the families of the scribes which dwelt at Jabez; the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and Suchathites. These are the Kenites that came of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab.


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Chapter 3 - Sons of David (From different wives) Davids descendents 3:1 Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: 3:2 The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith: 3:3 The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife. 3:4 These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years. 3:5 And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bathshua the daughter of Ammiel:

Solomon 3:6 Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet, 3:7 And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, 3:8 And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine. 3:9 These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister. 3:10 And Solomon's son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,

“Rehoboam” – Then it goes down all of the Son's of David, they were kings of Israel, this was his dynasty. The house of David. (*PO In Revelation 3 when it talks about the house of David it is also referring to David's descendents. All of his son's were the kings of Israel. And it pointed to the fact that Christ is the King that fulfilled the prophecy concerning David's dynasty in 2 Samuel 7; this dynasty would be fulfilled by Him establishing His kingdom through the investigative judgment. It would last forever as it says in 2 Samuel.) 3:11 Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, 3:12 Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, 3:13 Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, 3:14 Amon his son, Josiah his son. 3:15 And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. 3:16 And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.

"Zedekiah" – He was the last king of Israel.


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3:17 And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son, 3:18 Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.

In verses 17 to 18 these descendents of David were captives in Babylon and weren't able to become kings. So what happens to the house? The descendents were still there. 3:19 And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister:

Zerrubbabel was a descendent of David. And Cyrus sent him back to build Jerusalem. When was Chronicles written? After the exile. 3:20 And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushabhesed, five. 3:21 And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah. 3:22 And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. 3:23 And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three. 3:24 And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.


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Chapter 4 - Sons of David (From different wives) 4:1 The sons of Judah; Pharez, Hezron, and Carmi, and Hur, and Shobal. 4:2 And Reaiah the son of Shobal begat Jahath; and Jahath begat Ahumai, and Lahad. These are the families of the Zorathites. 4:3 And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi: 4:4 And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem. 4:5 And Ashur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. 4:6 And Naarah bare him Ahuzam, and Hepher, and Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. 4:7 And the sons of Helah were, Zereth, and Jezoar, and Ethnan. 4:8 And Coz begat Anub, and Zobebah, and the families of Aharhel the son of Harum. 4:9 And Jabez was more honourable than his brethren: and his mother called his name Jabez, saying, Because I bare him with sorrow. 4:10 And Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, Oh that thou wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my coast, and that thine hand might be with me, and that thou wouldest keep me from evil, that it may not grieve me! And God granted him that which he requested. 4:11 And Chelub the brother of Shuah begat Mehir, which was the father of Eshton. 4:12 And Eshton begat Bethrapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Irnahash. These are the men of Rechah. 4:13 And the sons of Kenaz; Othniel, and Seraiah: and the sons of Othniel; Hathath. 4:14 And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen. 4:15 And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh; Iru, Elah, and Naam: and the sons of Elah, even Kenaz. 4:16 And the sons of Jehaleleel; Ziph, and Ziphah, Tiria, and Asareel. 4:17 And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. 4:18 And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took. 4:19 And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. 4:20 And the sons of Shimon were, Amnon, and Rinnah, Benhanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi were, Zoheth, and Benzoheth.


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4:21 The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were, Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea, 4:22 And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. And these are ancient things. 4:23 These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and hedges: there they dwelt with the king for his work. 4:24 The sons of Simeon were, Nemuel, and Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, and Shaul: 4:25 Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, Mishma his son. 4:26 And the sons of Mishma; Hamuel his son, Zacchur his son, Shimei his son. 4:27 And Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters; but his brethren had not many children, neither did all their family multiply, like to the children of Judah. 4:28 And they dwelt at Beersheba, and Moladah, and Hazarshual, 4:29 And at Bilhah, and at Ezem, and at Tolad, 4:30 And at Bethuel, and at Hormah, and at Ziklag, 4:31 And at Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusim, and at Bethbirei, and at Shaaraim. These were their cities unto the reign of David. 4:32 And their villages were, Etam, and Ain, Rimmon, and Tochen, and Ashan, five cities: 4:33 And all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and their genealogy. 4:34 And Meshobab, and Jamlech, and Joshah the son of Amaziah, 4:35 And Joel, and Jehu the son of Josibiah, the son of Seraiah, the son of Asiel, 4:36 And Elioenai, and Jaakobah, and Jeshohaiah, and Asaiah, and Adiel, and Jesimiel, and Benaiah, 4:37 And Ziza the son of Shiphi, the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of Shemaiah; 4:38 These mentioned by their names were princes in their families: and the house of their fathers increased greatly. 4:39 And they went to the entrance of Gedor, even unto the east side of the valley, to seek pasture for their flocks. 4:40 And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old. 4:41 And these written by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and smote their tents, and the habitations that were found there, and destroyed them utterly unto this day, and dwelt in their rooms: because there was pasture there for their flocks.


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4:42 And some of them, even of the sons of Simeon, five hundred men, went to mount Seir, having for their captains Pelatiah, and Neariah, and Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi. 4:43 And they smote the rest of the Amalekites that were escaped, and dwelt there unto this day.


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Chapter 5 - Linage of Reuben 5:1 Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.

Reuben's descendents 5:2 For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:) 5:3 The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. 5:4 The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, 5:5 Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son, 5:6 Beerah his son, whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites. 5:7 And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, 5:8 And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baalmeon: 5:9 And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead. 5:10 And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead. 5:11 And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salchah:

Gad 5:12 Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan. 5:13 And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven. 5:14 These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz; 5:15 Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers. 5:16 And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders. 5:17 All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. 5:18 The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven


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hundred and threescore, that went out to the war. 5:19 And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab. 5:20 And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him. 5:21 And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men an hundred thousand. 5:22 For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity. 5:23 And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baalhermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon. 5:24 And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their fathers. 5:25 And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them. 5:26 And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day.


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Chapter 6 - Linage of Levi Sons of Levi: Korah, Asaph, who wrote the psalms. 6:1 The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 6:2 And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. 6:3 And the children of Amram; Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons also of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 6:4 Eleazar begat Phinehas, Phinehas begat Abishua, 6:5 And Abishua begat Bukki, and Bukki begat Uzzi, 6:6 And Uzzi begat Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begat Meraioth, 6:7 Meraioth begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, 6:8 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Ahimaaz, 6:9 And Ahimaaz begat Azariah, and Azariah begat Johanan, 6:10 And Johanan begat Azariah, (he it is that executed the priest's office in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem:) 6:11 And Azariah begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, 6:12 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Shallum, 6:13 And Shallum begat Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begat Azariah, 6:14 And Azariah begat Seraiah, and Seraiah begat Jehozadak, 6:15 And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the LORD carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. 6:16 The sons of Levi; Gershom, Kohath, and Merari. 6:17 And these be the names of the sons of Gershom; Libni, and Shimei. 6:18 And the sons of Kohath were, Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. 6:19 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families of the Levites according to their fathers. 6:20 Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, 6:21 Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. 6:22 The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, 6:23 Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son,


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6:24 Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. 6:25 And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth. 6:26 As for Elkanah: the sons of Elkanah; Zophai his son, and Nahath his son, 6:27 Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. 6:28 And the sons of Samuel; the firstborn Vashni, and Abiah. 6:29 The sons of Merari; Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza his son, 6:30 Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son. 6:31 And these are they whom David set over the service of song in the house of the LORD, after that the ark had rest. 6:32 And they ministered before the dwelling place of the tabernacle of the congregation with singing, until Solomon had built the house of the LORD in Jerusalem: and then they waited on their office according to their order. 6:33 And these are they that waited with their children. Of the sons of the Kohathites: Heman a singer, the son of Joel, the son of Shemuel, 6:34 The son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, 6:35 The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, 6:36 The son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, 6:37 The son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, 6:38 The son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel. 6:39 And his brother Asaph, who stood on his right hand, even Asaph the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea, 6:40 The son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchiah, 6:41 The son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, 6:42 The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, 6:43 The son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi. 6:44 And their brethren the sons of Merari stood on the left hand: Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, 6:45 The son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, 6:46 The son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer, 6:47 The son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. 6:48 Their brethren also the Levites were appointed unto all manner of service of the tabernacle of the


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house of God. 6:49 But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar of the burnt offering, and on the altar of incense, and were appointed for all the work of the place most holy, and to make an atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. 6:50 And these are the sons of Aaron; Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, 6:51 Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, 6:52 Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, 6:53 Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son. 6:54 Now these are their dwelling places throughout their castles in their coasts, of the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites: for theirs was the lot. 6:55 And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it. 6:56 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. 6:57 And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely, Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs, 6:58 And Hilen with her suburbs, Debir with her suburbs, 6:59 And Ashan with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs: 6:60 And out of the tribe of Benjamin; Geba with her suburbs, and Alemeth with her suburbs, and Anathoth with her suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen cities. 6:61 And unto the sons of Kohath, which were left of the family of that tribe, were cities given out of the half tribe, namely, out of the half tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities. 6:62 And to the sons of Gershom throughout their families out of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities. 6:63 Unto the sons of Merari were given by lot, throughout their families, out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities. 6:64 And the children of Israel gave to the Levites these cities with their suburbs. 6:65 And they gave by lot out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, and out of the tribe of the children of Benjamin, these cities, which are called by their names. 6:66 And the residue of the families of the sons of Kohath had cities of their coasts out of the tribe of Ephraim. 6:67 And they gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in mount Ephraim with her suburbs; they gave also Gezer with her suburbs, 6:68 And Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs, 6:69 And Aijalon with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs:


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6:70 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of Kohath. 6:71 Unto the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth with her suburbs: 6:72 And out of the tribe of Issachar; Kedesh with her suburbs, Daberath with her suburbs, 6:73 And Ramoth with her suburbs, and Anem with her suburbs: 6:74 And out of the tribe of Asher; Mashal with her suburbs, and Abdon with her suburbs, 6:75 And Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs: 6:76 And out of the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, and Hammon with her suburbs, and Kirjathaim with her suburbs. 6:77 Unto the rest of the children of Merari were given out of the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmon with her suburbs, Tabor with her suburbs: 6:78 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, 6:79 Kedemoth also with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs: 6:80 And out of the tribe of Gad; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and Mahanaim with her suburbs, 6:81 And Heshbon with her suburbs, and Jazer with her suburbs.


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Chapter 7 - Linage of Issachar, Ephraim, Neptali, Benjamin Sons of Issachar, Ephraim, Neptali, Benjamin Why do we need these genealogies after the Babylonian captivity? Ezra who wrote and put this together tells us in Chapter 9. 7:1 Now the sons of Issachar were, Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and Shimron, four. 7:2 And the sons of Tola; Uzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house, to wit, of Tola: they were valiant men of might in their generations; whose number was in the days of David two and twenty thousand and six hundred. 7:3 And the sons of Uzzi; Izrahiah: and the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five: all of them chief men. 7:4 And with them, by their generations, after the house of their fathers, were bands of soldiers for war, six and thirty thousand men: for they had many wives and sons. 7:5 And their brethren among all the families of Issachar were valiant men of might, reckoned in all by their genealogies fourscore and seven thousand. 7:6 The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three. 7:7 And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five; heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four. 7:8 And the sons of Becher; Zemira, and Joash, and Eliezer, and Elioenai, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and Alameth. All these are the sons of Becher. 7:9 And the number of them, after their genealogy by their generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour, was twenty thousand and two hundred. 7:10 The sons also of Jediael; Bilhan: and the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, and Benjamin, and Ehud, and Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar. 7:11 All these the sons of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle. 7:12 Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir, and Hushim, the sons of Aher. 7:13 The sons of Naphtali; Jahziel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of Bilhah. 7:14 The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare: (but his concubine the Aramitess bare Machir the father of Gilead: 7:15 And Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was Maachah;) and the name of the second was Zelophehad: and Zelophehad had daughters. 7:16 And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his name Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh; and his sons were Ulam and Rakem. 7:17 And the sons of Ulam; Bedan. These were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh.


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7:18 And his sister Hammoleketh bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah. 7:19 And the sons of Shemida were, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam. 7:20 And the sons of Ephraim; Shuthelah, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son, 7:21 And Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew, because they came down to take away their cattle. 7:22 And Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came to comfort him. 7:23 And when he went in to his wife, she conceived, and bare a son, and he called his name Beriah, because it went evil with his house. 7:24 (And his daughter was Sherah, who built Bethhoron the nether, and the upper, and Uzzensherah.) 7:25 And Rephah was his son, also Resheph, and Telah his son, and Tahan his son, 7:26 Laadan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son, 7:27 Non his son, Jehoshua his son. 7:28 And their possessions and habitations were, Bethel and the towns thereof, and eastward Naaran, and westward Gezer, with the towns thereof; Shechem also and the towns thereof, unto Gaza and the towns thereof: 7:29 And by the borders of the children of Manasseh, Bethshean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towns, Dor and her towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel. 7:30 The sons of Asher; Imnah, and Isuah, and Ishuai, and Beriah, and Serah their sister. 7:31 And the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel, who is the father of Birzavith. 7:32 And Heber begat Japhlet, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shua their sister. 7:33 And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath. These are the children of Japhlet. 7:34 And the sons of Shamer; Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. 7:35 And the sons of his brother Helem; Zophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, and Amal. 7:36 The sons of Zophah; Suah, and Harnepher, and Shual, and Beri, and Imrah, 7:37 Bezer, and Hod, and Shamma, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and Beera. 7:38 And the sons of Jether; Jephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara. 7:39 And the sons of Ulla; Arah, and Haniel, and Rezia. 7:40 All these were the children of Asher, heads of their father's house, choice and mighty men of valour, chief of the princes. And the number throughout the genealogy of them that were apt to the war and to battle was twenty and six thousand men.


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Chapter 8 – Benjamin 8:1 Now Benjamin begat Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, and Aharah the third, 8:2 Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. 8:3 And the sons of Bela were, Addar, and Gera, and Abihud, 8:4 And Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah, 8:5 And Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram. 8:6 And these are the sons of Ehud: these are the heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Geba, and they removed them to Manahath: 8:7 And Naaman, and Ahiah, and Gera, he removed them, and begat Uzza, and Ahihud. 8:8 And Shaharaim begat children in the country of Moab, after he had sent them away; Hushim and Baara were his wives. 8:9 And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha, and Malcham, 8:10 And Jeuz, and Shachia, and Mirma. These were his sons, heads of the fathers. 8:11 And of Hushim he begat Abitub, and Elpaal. 8:12 The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof: 8:13 Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath: 8:14 And Ahio, Shashak, and Jeremoth, 8:15 And Zebadiah, and Arad, and Ader, 8:16 And Michael, and Ispah, and Joha, the sons of Beriah; 8:17 And Zebadiah, and Meshullam, and Hezeki, and Heber, 8:18 Ishmerai also, and Jezliah, and Jobab, the sons of Elpaal; 8:19 And Jakim, and Zichri, and Zabdi, 8:20 And Elienai, and Zilthai, and Eliel, 8:21 And Adaiah, and Beraiah, and Shimrath, the sons of Shimhi; 8:22 And Ishpan, and Heber, and Eliel, 8:23 And Abdon, and Zichri, and Hanan, 8:24 And Hananiah, and Elam, and Antothijah, 8:25 And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak;


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8:26 And Shamsherai, and Shehariah, and Athaliah, 8:27 And Jaresiah, and Eliah, and Zichri, the sons of Jeroham. 8:28 These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem. 8:29 And at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon; whose wife's name was Maachah: 8:30 And his firstborn son Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Nadab, 8:31 And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zacher. 8:32 And Mikloth begat Shimeah. And these also dwelt with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against them. 8:33 And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat Saul, and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal. 8:34 And the son of Jonathan was Meribbaal; and Meribbaal begat Micah. 8:35 And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tarea, and Ahaz. 8:36 And Ahaz begat Jehoadah; and Jehoadah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza, 8:37 And Moza begat Binea: Rapha was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son: 8:38 And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel. 8:39 And the sons of Eshek his brother were, Ulam his firstborn, Jehush the second, and Eliphelet the third. 8:40 And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers, and had many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty. All these are of the sons of Benjamin.


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Chapter 9 9:1 So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried away to Babylon for their transgression. 9:2 Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions in their cities were, the Israelites, the priests, Levites, and the Nethinims.

There pedigree is being established. Those who are coming back now to restore Judah, their background is being chronicled. 9:3 And in Jerusalem dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin, and of the children of Ephraim, and Manasseh; 9:4 Uthai the son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the son of Bani, of the children of Pharez the son of Judah. 9:5 And of the Shilonites; Asaiah the firstborn, and his sons. 9:6 And of the sons of Zerah; Jeuel, and their brethren, six hundred and ninety. 9:7 And of the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Hodaviah, the son of Hasenuah, 9:8 And Ibneiah the son of Jeroham, and Elah the son of Uzzi, the son of Michri, and Meshullam the son of Shephathiah, the son of Reuel, the son of Ibnijah; 9:9 And their brethren, according to their generations, nine hundred and fifty and six. All these men were chief of the fathers in the house of their fathers. 9:10 And of the priests; Jedaiah, and Jehoiarib, and Jachin, 9:11 And Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God; 9:12 And Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchijah, and Maasiai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith, the son of Immer; 9:13 And their brethren, heads of the house of their fathers, a thousand and seven hundred and threescore; very able men for the work of the service of the house of God. 9:14 And of the Levites; Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, of the sons of Merari; 9:15 And Bakbakkar, Heresh, and Galal, and Mattaniah the son of Micah, the son of Zichri, the son of Asaph; 9:16 And Obadiah the son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun, and Berechiah the son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, that dwelt in the villages of the Netophathites. 9:17 And the porters were, Shallum, and Akkub, and Talmon, and Ahiman, and their brethren: Shallum was the chief; 9:18 Who hitherto waited in the king's gate eastward: they were porters in the companies of the children of Levi.


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9:19 And Shallum the son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, and his brethren, of the house of his father, the Korahites, were over the work of the service, keepers of the gates of the tabernacle: and their fathers, being over the host of the LORD, were keepers of the entry. 9:20 And Phinehas the son of Eleazar was the ruler over them in time past, and the LORD was with him. 9:21 And Zechariah the son of Meshelemiah was porter of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. 9:22 All these which were chosen to be porters in the gates were two hundred and twelve. These were reckoned by their genealogy in their villages, whom David and Samuel the seer did ordain in their set office. 9:23 So they and their children had the oversight of the gates of the house of the LORD, namely, the house of the tabernacle, by wards. 9:24 In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. 9:25 And their brethren, which were in their villages, were to come after seven days from time to time with them. 9:26 For these Levites, the four chief porters, were in their set office, and were over the chambers and treasuries of the house of God. 9:27 And they lodged round about the house of God, because the charge was upon them, and the opening thereof every morning pertained to them. 9:28 And certain of them had the charge of the ministering vessels, that they should bring them in and out by tale. 9:29 Some of them also were appointed to oversee the vessels, and all the instruments of the sanctuary, and the fine flour, and the wine, and the oil, and the frankincense, and the spices. 9:30 And some of the sons of the priests made the ointment of the spices. 9:31 And Mattithiah, one of the Levites, who was the firstborn of Shallum the Korahite, had the set office over the things that were made in the pans. 9:32 And other of their brethren, of the sons of the Kohathites, were over the shewbread, to prepare it every sabbath. 9:33 And these are the singers, chief of the fathers of the Levites, who remaining in the chambers were free: for they were employed in that work day and night. 9:34 These chief fathers of the Levites were chief throughout their generations; these dwelt at Jerusalem. 9:35 And in Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon, Jehiel, whose wife's name was Maachah: 9:36 And his firstborn son Abdon, then Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab, 9:37 And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth. 9:38 And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren.


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9:39 And Ner begat Kish; and Kish begat Saul; and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal. 9:40 And the son of Jonathan was Meribbaal: and Meribbaal begat Micah. 9:41 And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tahrea, and Ahaz. 9:42 And Ahaz begat Jarah; and Jarah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza; 9:43 And Moza begat Binea; and Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son. 9:44 And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these were the sons of Azel.


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Chapter 10 Chapter 10 goes back in history. This whole chapter is almost identical to 1 Samuel 31. Verse 13 and 14 were added. 2 Chron 10:13-14 [13] So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the LORD, [even] against the word of the LORD, which he kept not, and also for asking [counsel] of [one that had] a familiar spirit, to inquire [of it]; [14 ] And enquired not of the LORD: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse. 10:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. 10:2 And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul. 10:3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers. 10:4 Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. 10:5 And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died. 10:6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together. 10:7 And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. 10:8 And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. 10:9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. 10:10 And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. 10:11 And when all Jabeshgilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, 10:12 They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. 10:13 So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the LORD, even against the word of the LORD, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it; 10:14 And enquired not of the LORD: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse.

This is an explanatory note that was put here.


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Chapter 11 Picks up with 2 Samuel 11:1 Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.

Starts where 2 Samuel begins. Ezra added phrases that shouldn't be overlooked. Then the mighty men were covered. 11:2 And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel. 11:3 Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel.

“by Samuel” is an addition 11:4 And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land. 11:5 And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David. 11:6 And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief. 11:7 And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David. 11:8 And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city. 11:9 So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was with him. 11:10 These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.

Chapter 12 (Shorter version at the end of 2 Samuel) 11:11 And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time. 11:12 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties. 11:13 He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines. 11:14 And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance. 11:15 Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the


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host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. 11:16 And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Bethlehem. 11:17 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate! 11:18 And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD, 11:19 And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest. 11:20 And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three. 11:21 Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three. 11:22 Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day. 11:23 And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear. 11:24 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties. 11:25 Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard. 11:26 Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 11:27 Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, 11:28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Antothite, 11:29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, 11:30 Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, 11:31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, 11:32 Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, 11:33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, 11:34 The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite, 11:35 Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,


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11:36 Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, 11:37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, 11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri, 11:39 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, 11:40 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 11:41 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, 11:42 Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him, 11:43 Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, 11:44 Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite, 11:45 Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite, 11:46 Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, 11:47 Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.


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Chapter 12 - This is the crowning of the David 12:1 Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the war. 12:2 They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of Saul's brethren of Benjamin. 12:3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; and Jeziel, and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; and Berachah, and Jehu the Antothite, 12:4 And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite, 12:5 Eluzai, and Jerimoth, and Bealiah, and Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite, 12:6 Elkanah, and Jesiah, and Azareel, and Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korhites, 12:7 And Joelah, and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor. 12:8 And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David into the hold to the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes upon the mountains; 12:9 Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, 12:10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, 12:11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, 12:12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, 12:13 Jeremiah the tenth, Machbanai the eleventh. 12:14 These were of the sons of Gad, captains of the host: one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand. 12:15 These are they that went over Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all his banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west. 12:16 And there came of the children of Benjamin and Judah to the hold unto David. 12:17 And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them, If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, mine heart shall be knit unto you: but if ye be come to betray me to mine enemies, seeing there is no wrong in mine hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it. 12:18 Then the spirit came upon Amasai, who was chief of the captains, and he said, Thine are we, David, and on thy side, thou son of Jesse: peace, peace be unto thee, and peace be to thine helpers; for thy God helpeth thee. Then David received them, and made them captains of the band. 12:19 And there fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle: but they helped them not: for the lords of the Philistines upon advisement sent him away, saying, He will fall to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads.


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12:20 As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Jozabad, and Jediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captains of the thousands that were of Manasseh. 12:21 And they helped David against the band of the rovers: for they were all mighty men of valour, and were captains in the host. 12:22 For at that time day by day there came to David to help him, until it was a great host, like the host of God. 12:23 And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD. 12:24 The children of Judah that bare shield and spear were six thousand and eight hundred, ready armed to the war. 12:25 Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valour for the war, seven thousand and one hundred. 12:26 Of the children of Levi four thousand and six hundred. 12:27 And Jehoiada was the leader of the Aaronites, and with him were three thousand and seven hundred; 12:28 And Zadok, a young man mighty of valour, and of his father's house twenty and two captains. 12:29 And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul. 12:30 And of the children of Ephraim twenty thousand and eight hundred, mighty men of valour, famous throughout the house of their fathers. 12:31 And of the half tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, which were expressed by name, to come and make David king. 12:32 And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their commandment. 12:33 Of Zebulun, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, with all instruments of war, fifty thousand, which could keep rank: they were not of double heart. 12:34 And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty and seven thousand. 12:35 And of the Danites expert in war twenty and eight thousand and six hundred. 12:36 And of Asher, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, forty thousand. 12:37 And on the other side of Jordan, of the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and of the half tribe of Manasseh, with all manner of instruments of war for the battle, an hundred and twenty thousand. 12:38 All these men of war, that could keep rank, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king. 12:39 And there they were with David three days, eating and drinking: for their brethren had prepared for them.


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12:40 Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly: for there was joy in Israel.


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Chapter 13 – Attempt to bring ark to Jerusalem. Goes with 2 Samuel 6 when they were trying to take the Ark back to Jerusalem. 13:1 And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader. 13:2 And David said unto all the congregation of Israel, If it seem good unto you, and that it be of the LORD our God, let us send abroad unto our brethren every where, that are left in all the land of Israel, and with them also to the priests and Levites which are in their cities and suburbs, that they may gather themselves unto us: 13:3 And let us bring again the ark of our God to us: for we enquired not at it in the days of Saul. 13:4 And all the congregation said that they would do so: for the thing was right in the eyes of all the people. 13:5 So David gathered all Israel together, from Shihor of Egypt even unto the entering of Hemath, to bring the ark of God from Kirjathjearim. 13:6 And David went up, and all Israel, to Baalah, that is, to Kirjathjearim, which belonged to Judah, to bring up thence the ark of God the LORD, that dwelleth between the cherubims, whose name is called on it. 13:7 And they carried the ark of God in a new cart out of the house of Abinadab: and Uzza and Ahio drave the cart. 13:8 And David and all Israel played before God with all their might, and with singing, and with harps, and with psalteries, and with timbrels, and with cymbals, and with trumpets. 13:9 And when they came unto the threshingfloor of Chidon, Uzza put forth his hand to hold the ark; for the oxen stumbled. 13:10 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzza, and he smote him, because he put his hand to the ark: and there he died before God. 13:11 And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon Uzza: wherefore that place is called Perezuzza to this day. 13:12 And David was afraid of God that day, saying, How shall I bring the ark of God home to me? 13:13 So David brought not the ark home to himself to the city of David, but carried it aside into the house of Obededom the Gittite. 13:14 And the ark of God remained with the family of Obededom in his house three months. And the LORD blessed the house of Obededom, and all that he had.


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Chapter 14 - The timber for David’s House 14:1 Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house. 14:2 And David perceived that the LORD had confirmed him king over Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people Israel. 14:3 And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons and daughters. 14:4 Now these are the names of his children which he had in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon, 14:5 And Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpalet, 14:6 And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, 14:7 And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet. 14:8 And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard of it, and went out against them. 14:9 And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. 14:10 And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines? and wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto him, Go up; for I will deliver them into thine hand. 14:11 So they came up to Baalperazim; and David smote them there. Then David said, God hath broken in upon mine enemies by mine hand like the breaking forth of waters: therefore they called the name of that place Baalperazim. 14:12 And when they had left their gods there, David gave a commandment, and they were burned with fire. 14:13 And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. 14:14 Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said unto him, Go not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. 14:15 And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle: for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines. 14:16 David therefore did as God commanded him: and they smote the host of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer. 14:17 And the fame of David went out into all lands; and the LORD brought the fear of him upon all nations.


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Chapter 15 – The Ark is put into the tent 15:1 And David made him houses in the city of David, and prepared a place for the ark of God, and pitched for it a tent. 15:2 Then David said, None ought to carry the ark of God but the Levites: for them hath the LORD chosen to carry the ark of God, and to minister unto him for ever.

Ezra is more specific on this point, than whoever wrote Samuel. It makes it clear the David has learned that there was a proper way to do it. 15:3 And David gathered all Israel together to Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the LORD unto his place, which he had prepared for it. 15:4 And David assembled the children of Aaron, and the Levites: 15:5 Of the sons of Kohath; Uriel the chief, and his brethren an hundred and twenty: 15:6 Of the sons of Merari; Asaiah the chief, and his brethren two hundred and twenty: 15:7 Of the sons of Gershom; Joel the chief, and his brethren an hundred and thirty: 15:8 Of the sons of Elizaphan; Shemaiah the chief, and his brethren two hundred: 15:9 Of the sons of Hebron; Eliel the chief, and his brethren fourscore: 15:10 Of the sons of Uzziel; Amminadab the chief, and his brethren an hundred and twelve. 15:11 And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab, 15:12 And said unto them, Ye are the chief of the fathers of the Levites: sanctify yourselves, both ye and your brethren, that ye may bring up the ark of the LORD God of Israel unto the place that I have prepared for it. 15:13 For because ye did it not at the first, the LORD our God made a breach upon us, for that we sought him not after the due order. 15:14 So the priests and the Levites sanctified themselves to bring up the ark of the LORD God of Israel. 15:15 And the children of the Levites bare the ark of God upon their shoulders with the staves thereon, as Moses commanded according to the word of the LORD.

Emphasized it again. 15:16 And David spake to the chief of the Levites to appoint their brethren to be the singers with instruments of musick, psalteries and harps and cymbals, sounding, by lifting up the voice with joy. 15:17 So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel; and of his brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; and of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah; 15:18 And with them their brethren of the second degree, Zechariah, Ben, and Jaaziel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, Eliab, and Benaiah, and Maaseiah, and Mattithiah, and Elipheleh, and Mikneiah, and Obededom, and Jeiel, the porters.


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15:19 So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass; 15:20 And Zechariah, and Aziel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, and Eliab, and Maaseiah, and Benaiah, with psalteries on Alamoth; 15:21 And Mattithiah, and Elipheleh, and Mikneiah, and Obededom, and Jeiel, and Azaziah, with harps on the Sheminith to excel. 15:22 And Chenaniah, chief of the Levites, was for song: he instructed about the song, because he was skilful. 15:23 And Berechiah and Elkanah were doorkeepers for the ark. 15:24 And Shebaniah, and Jehoshaphat, and Nethaneel, and Amasai, and Zechariah, and Benaiah, and Eliezer, the priests, did blow with the trumpets before the ark of God: and Obededom and Jehiah were doorkeepers for the ark. 15:25 So David, and the elders of Israel, and the captains over thousands, went to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the house of Obededom with joy. 15:26 And it came to pass, when God helped the Levites that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, that they offered seven bullocks and seven rams. 15:27 And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the Levites that bare the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master of the song with the singers: David also had upon him an ephod of linen. 15:28 Thus all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD with shouting, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and with cymbals, making a noise with psalteries and harps. 15:29 And it came to pass, as the ark of the covenant of the LORD came to the city of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul looking out at a window saw king David dancing and playing: and she despised him in her heart.


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Chapter 16 Chapter 16 is very similar to Psalms 96. 16:1 So they brought the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings before God. 16:2 And when David had made an end of offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD. 16:3 And he dealt to every one of Israel, both man and woman, to every one a loaf of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. 16:4 And he appointed certain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel: 16:5 Asaph the chief, and next to him Zechariah, Jeiel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Mattithiah, and Eliab, and Benaiah, and Obededom: and Jeiel with psalteries and with harps; but Asaph made a sound with cymbals; 16:6 Benaiah also and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God. 16:7 Then on that day David delivered first this psalm to thank the LORD into the hand of Asaph and his brethren. 16:8 Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his deeds among the people.

Verses 8 to 22 is identical with Ps 105. but 105 has more. 16:9 Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him, talk ye of all his wondrous works. 16:10 Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD. 16:11 Seek the LORD and his strength, seek his face continually. 16:12 Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth; 16:13 O ye seed of Israel his servant, ye children of Jacob, his chosen ones. 16:14 He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth. 16:15 Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he commanded to a thousand generations; 16:16 Even of the covenant which he made with Abraham, and of his oath unto Isaac; 16:17 And hath confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant, 16:18 Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance; 16:19 When ye were but few, even a few, and strangers in it. 16:20 And when they went from nation to nation, and from one kingdom to another people;


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16:21 He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes, 16:22 Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. 16:23 Sing unto the LORD, all the earth; shew forth from day to day his salvation.

Than Ezra switches to Ps 96 and quotes this 16:24 Declare his glory among the heathen; his marvellous works among all nations. 16:25 For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised: he also is to be feared above all gods. 16:26 For all the gods of the people are idols: but the LORD made the heavens. 16:27 Glory and honour are in his presence; strength and gladness are in his place. 16:28 Give unto the LORD, ye kindreds of the people, give unto the LORD glory and strength. 16:29 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come before him: worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. 16:30 Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, that it be not moved. 16:31 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice: and let men say among the nations, The LORD reigneth. 16:32 Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof: let the fields rejoice, and all that is therein. 16:33 Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the LORD, because he cometh to judge the earth. 16:34 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. 16:35 And say ye, Save us, O God of our salvation, and gather us together, and deliver us from the heathen, that we may give thanks to thy holy name, and glory in thy praise. 16:36 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel for ever and ever. And all the people said, Amen, and praised the LORD. 16:37 So he left there before the ark of the covenant of the LORD Asaph and his brethren, to minister before the ark continually, as every day's work required: 16:38 And Obededom with their brethren, threescore and eight; Obededom also the son of Jeduthun and Hosah to be porters: 16:39 And Zadok the priest, and his brethren the priests, before the tabernacle of the LORD in the high place that was at Gibeon, 16:40 To offer burnt offerings unto the LORD upon the altar of the burnt offering continually morning and evening, and to do according to all that is written in the law of the LORD, which he commanded Israel; 16:41 And with them Heman and Jeduthun, and the rest that were chosen, who were expressed by name, to give thanks to the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever;


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16:42 And with them Heman and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for those that should make a sound, and with musical instruments of God. And the sons of Jeduthun were porters. 16:43 And all the people departed every man to his house: and David returned to bless his house.


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Chapter 17 – David wants to build a temple This parallels the promise of building David a house. More details than Samuel 17:1 Now it came to pass, as David sat in his house, that David said to Nathan the prophet, Lo, I dwell in an house of cedars, but the ark of the covenant of the LORD remaineth under curtains. 17:2 Then Nathan said unto David, Do all that is in thine heart; for God is with thee. 17:3 And it came to pass the same night, that the word of God came to Nathan, saying, 17:4 Go and tell David my servant, Thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not build me an house to dwell in:

Samuel didn't say it so plain. It was assumed in Samuel. 17:5 For I have not dwelt in an house since the day that I brought up Israel unto this day; but have gone from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle to another. 17:6 Wheresoever I have walked with all Israel, spake I a word to any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people, saying, Why have ye not built me an house of cedars? 17:7 Now therefore thus shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, even from following the sheep, that thou shouldest be ruler over my people Israel: 17:8 And I have been with thee whithersoever thou hast walked, and have cut off all thine enemies from before thee, and have made thee a name like the name of the great men that are in the earth. 17:9 Also I will ordain a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, and they shall dwell in their place, and shall be moved no more; neither shall the children of wickedness waste them any more, as at the beginning, 17:10 And since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel. Moreover I will subdue all thine enemies. Furthermore I tell thee that the LORD will build thee an house. 17:11 And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom.

Refers to Jesus 17:12 He shall build me an house, and I will stablish his throne for ever. 17:13 I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee:

Different: It points out that they did iniquity and they were chastised. Samuel said if they do iniquity they would be chastised, but the throne will endure forever. 17:14 But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for ever: and his throne shall be established for evermore.

Ezra makes it clear that the promise did not fail even though they went into captivity. It looks at something bigger than a human on the throne, it has to do with the messiah. 17:15 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David.


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17:16 And David the king came and sat before the LORD, and said, Who am I, O LORD God, and what is mine house, that thou hast brought me hitherto? 17:17 And yet this was a small thing in thine eyes, O God; for thou hast also spoken of thy servant's house for a great while to come, and hast regarded me according to the estate of a man of high degree, O LORD God. 17:18 What can David speak more to thee for the honour of thy servant? for thou knowest thy servant. 17:19 O LORD, for thy servant's sake, and according to thine own heart, hast thou done all this greatness, in making known all these great things. 17:20 O LORD, there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. 17:21 And what one nation in the earth is like thy people Israel, whom God went to redeem to be his own people, to make thee a name of greatness and terribleness, by driving out nations from before thy people, whom thou hast redeemed out of Egypt? 17:22 For thy people Israel didst thou make thine own people for ever; and thou, LORD, becamest their God. 17:23 Therefore now, LORD, let the thing that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant and concerning his house be established for ever, and do as thou hast said. 17:24 Let it even be established, that thy name may be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God of Israel, even a God to Israel: and let the house of David thy servant be established before thee. 17:25 For thou, O my God, hast told thy servant that thou wilt build him an house: therefore thy servant hath found in his heart to pray before thee. 17:26 And now, LORD, thou art God, and hast promised this goodness unto thy servant: 17:27 Now therefore let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may be before thee for ever: for thou blessest, O LORD, and it shall be blessed for ever.

Back to 2 Samuel


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Chapter 18 Repeats everything 18:1 Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the Philistines.

Notice which nations David spote in verses 1 through 3. 18:2 And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts. 18:3 And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. 18:4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots.

River Euphrates 18:5 And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. 18:6 Then David put garrisons in Syriadamascus; and the Syrians became David's servants, and brought gifts. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. 18:7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadarezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. 18:8 Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer, brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brasen sea, and the pillars, and the vessels of brass. 18:9 Now when Tou king of Hamath heard how David had smitten all the host of Hadarezer king of Zobah; 18:10 He sent Hadoram his son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass. 18:11 Them also king David dedicated unto the LORD, with the silver and the gold that he brought from all these nations; from Edom, and from Moab, and from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines, and from Amalek. 18:12 Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the valley of salt eighteen thousand.

Smote Edomites 18:13 And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became David's servants. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. 18:14 So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and justice among all his people. 18:15 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, recorder.


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18:16 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Shavsha was scribe; 18:17 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of David were chief about the king.


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Chapter 19 – Story of Nahash and Hanan 19:1 Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. 19:2 And David said, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father shewed kindness to me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him. 19:3 But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land? 19:4 Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst hard by their buttocks, and sent them away. 19:5 Then there went certain, and told David how the men were served. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. 19:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the children of Ammon sent a thousand talents of silver to hire them chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia, and out of Syriamaachah, and out of Zobah. 19:7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle. 19:8 And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men. 19:9 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field. 19:10 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. 19:11 And the rest of the people he delivered unto the hand of Abishai his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of Ammon. 19:12 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will help thee. 19:13 Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the LORD do that which is good in his sight. 19:14 So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh before the Syrians unto the battle; and they fled before him. 19:15 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. 19:16 And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.


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19:17 And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, and passed over Jordan, and came upon them, and set the battle in array against them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him. 19:18 But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. 19:19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more.


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Chapter 20 20:1 And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that kings go out to battle, Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and destroyed it.

They conquered everything now he is attacking Ammon to completely subdue the nation. Where was David? In Jerusalem. Ezra left out Bethsheba and Uriah. That story is explained in Samuel. Also Ezra's emphasis is on the promise that was given to David of his house being restored. He just shows they can have faith in that promise. 20:2 And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it; and it was set upon David's head: and he brought also exceeding much spoil out of the city. 20:3 And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. 20:4 And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, that was of the children of the giant: and they were subdued. 20:5 And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam. 20:6 And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot: and he also was the son of the giant. 20:7 But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him. 20:8 These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.


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Chapter 21 21:1 And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. 21:2 And David said to Joab and to the rulers of the people, Go, number Israel from Beersheba even to Dan; and bring the number of them to me, that I may know it. 21:3 And Joab answered, The LORD make his people an hundred times so many more as they be: but, my lord the king, are they not all my lord's servants? why then doth my lord require this thing? why will he be a cause of trespass to Israel? 21:4 Nevertheless the king's word prevailed against Joab. Wherefore Joab departed, and went throughout all Israel, and came to Jerusalem. 21:5 And Joab gave the sum of the number of the people unto David. And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand men that drew sword: and Judah was four hundred threescore and ten thousand men that drew sword. 21:6 But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them: for the king's word was abominable to Joab. 21:7 And God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote Israel. 21:8 And David said unto God, I have sinned greatly, because I have done this thing: but now, I beseech thee, do away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly. 21:9 And the LORD spake unto Gad, David's seer, saying, 21:10 Go and tell David, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things: choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee. 21:11 So Gad came to David, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Choose thee 21:12 Either three years' famine; or three months to be destroyed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even the pestilence, in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the coasts of Israel. Now therefore advise thyself what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. 21:13 And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let me fall now into the hand of the LORD; for very great are his mercies: but let me not fall into the hand of man. 21:14 So the LORD sent pestilence upon Israel: and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men. 21:15 And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem to destroy it: and as he was destroying, the LORD beheld, and he repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed, It is enough, stay now thine hand. And the angel of the LORD stood by the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. 21:16 And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD stand between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders of Israel, who were clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. 21:17 And David said unto God, Is it not I that commanded the people to be numbered? even I it is that have sinned and done evil indeed; but as for these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, O LORD my God, be on me, and on my father's house; but not on thy people, that they should be plagued.


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21:18 Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and set up an altar unto the LORD in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. 21:19 And David went up at the saying of Gad, which he spake in the name of the LORD. 21:20 And Ornan turned back, and saw the angel; and his four sons with him hid themselves. Now Ornan was threshing wheat. 21:21 And as David came to Ornan, Ornan looked and saw David, and went out of the threshingfloor, and bowed himself to David with his face to the ground. 21:22 Then David said to Ornan, Grant me the place of this threshingfloor, that I may build an altar therein unto the LORD: thou shalt grant it me for the full price: that the plague may be stayed from the people. 21:23 And Ornan said unto David, Take it to thee, and let my lord the king do that which is good in his eyes: lo, I give thee the oxen also for burnt offerings, and the threshing instruments for wood, and the wheat for the meat offering; I give it all. 21:24 And king David said to Ornan, Nay; but I will verily buy it for the full price: for I will not take that which is thine for the LORD, nor offer burnt offerings without cost. 21:25 So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by weight. 21:26 And David built there an altar unto the LORD, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and called upon the LORD; and he answered him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt offering. 21:27 And the LORD commanded the angel; and he put up his sword again into the sheath thereof. 21:28 At that time when David saw that the LORD had answered him in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite, then he sacrificed there. 21:29 For the tabernacle of the LORD, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering, were at that season in the high place at Gibeon. 21:30 But David could not go before it to enquire of God: for he was afraid because of the sword of the angel of the LORD.


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Chapter 22 22:1 Then David said, This is the house of the LORD God, and this is the altar of the burnt offering for Israel.

David understood this is where he was to put the temple. Now go to 1 Kings 1. 22:2 And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones to build the house of God. 22:3 And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight; 22:4 Also cedar trees in abundance: for the Zidonians and they of Tyre brought much cedar wood to David. 22:5 And David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house that is to be builded for the LORD must be exceeding magnifical, of fame and of glory throughout all countries: I will therefore now make preparation for it. So David prepared abundantly before his death. 22:6 Then he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build an house for the LORD God of Israel. 22:7 And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God: 22:8 But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight. 22:9 Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days. 22:10 He shall build an house for my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever.

After the Spirit of prophecy came upon him. He brought Solomon to everyone and made it clear that he was to rule. 22:11 Now, my son, the LORD be with thee; and prosper thou, and build the house of the LORD thy God, as he hath said of thee. 22:12 Only the LORD give thee wisdom and understanding, and give thee charge concerning Israel, that thou mayest keep the law of the LORD thy God. 22:13 Then shalt thou prosper, if thou takest heed to fulfil the statutes and judgments which the LORD charged Moses with concerning Israel: be strong, and of good courage; dread not, nor be dismayed. 22:14 Now, behold, in my trouble I have prepared for the house of the LORD an hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thousand thousand talents of silver; and of brass and iron without weight; for it is in abundance: timber also and stone have I prepared; and thou mayest add thereto. 22:15 Moreover there are workmen with thee in abundance, hewers and workers of stone and timber, and all manner of cunning men for every manner of work.


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22:16 Of the gold, the silver, and the brass, and the iron, there is no number. Arise therefore, and be doing, and the LORD be with thee. 22:17 David also commanded all the princes of Israel to help Solomon his son, saying, 22:18 Is not the LORD your God with you? and hath he not given you rest on every side? for he hath given the inhabitants of the land into mine hand; and the land is subdued before the LORD, and before his people. 22:19 Now set your heart and your soul to seek the LORD your God; arise therefore, and build ye the sanctuary of the LORD God, to bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and the holy vessels of God, into the house that is to be built to the name of the LORD.


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Chapter 23 23:1 So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel. 23:2 And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites. 23:3 Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand. 23:4 Of which, twenty and four thousand were to set forward the work of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges: 23:5 Moreover four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise therewith. 23:6 And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 23:7 Of the Gershonites were, Laadan, and Shimei. 23:8 The sons of Laadan; the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three. 23:9 The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan. 23:10 And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei. 23:11 And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house. 23:12 The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four. 23:13 The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to bless in his name for ever. 23:14 Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi. 23:15 The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer. 23:16 Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was the chief. 23:17 And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many. 23:18 Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief. 23:19 Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. 23:20 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah the first, and Jesiah the second. 23:21 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.


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23:22 And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them. 23:23 The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three. 23:24 These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward. 23:25 For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest unto his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever: 23:26 And also unto the Levites; they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof. 23:27 For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above: 23:28 Because their office was to wait on the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work of the service of the house of God; 23:29 Both for the shewbread, and for the fine flour for meat offering, and for the unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size; 23:30 And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at even; 23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the LORD: 23:32 And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.


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Chapter 24 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 24:2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office. 24:3 And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service. 24:4 And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and thus were they divided. Among the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, and eight among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their fathers. 24:5 Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors of the house of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. 24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar. 24:7 Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, 24:8 The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, 24:9 The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, 24:11 The ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, 24:12 The eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, 24:13 The thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, 24:14 The fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, 24:15 The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Aphses, 24:16 The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezekel, 24:17 The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and twentieth to Gamul, 24:18 The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah. 24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. 24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. 24:21 Concerning Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was Isshiah.


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24:22 Of the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath. 24:23 And the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. 24:24 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. 24:25 The brother of Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; Zechariah. 24:26 The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah; Beno. 24:27 The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and Ibri. 24:28 Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons. 24:29 Concerning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. 24:30 The sons also of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after the house of their fathers. 24:31 These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren.


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Chapter 25 25:1 Moreover David and the captains of the host separated to the service of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of the workmen according to their service was: 25:2 Of the sons of Asaph; Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah, the sons of Asaph under the hands of Asaph, which prophesied according to the order of the king. 25:3 Of Jeduthun: the sons of Jeduthun; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, to give thanks and to praise the LORD. 25:4 Of Heman: the sons of Heman; Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth: 25:5 All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters. 25:6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of the LORD, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God, according to the king's order to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman. 25:7 So the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed in the songs of the LORD, even all that were cunning, was two hundred fourscore and eight. 25:8 And they cast lots, ward against ward, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar. 25:9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve: 25:10 The third to Zaccur, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:11 The fourth to Izri, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:12 The fifth to Nethaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:13 The sixth to Bukkiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:14 The seventh to Jesharelah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:15 The eighth to Jeshaiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:16 The ninth to Mattaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:17 The tenth to Shimei, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:18 The eleventh to Azareel, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:19 The twelfth to Hashabiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:20 The thirteenth to Shubael, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:21 The fourteenth to Mattithiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:


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25:22 The fifteenth to Jeremoth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:23 The sixteenth to Hananiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:24 The seventeenth to Joshbekashah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:25 The eighteenth to Hanani, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:26 The nineteenth to Mallothi, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:27 The twentieth to Eliathah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:28 The one and twentieth to Hothir, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:29 The two and twentieth to Giddalti, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:30 The three and twentieth to Mahazioth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: 25:31 The four and twentieth to Romamtiezer, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve.


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Chapter 26 26:1 Concerning the divisions of the porters: Of the Korhites was Meshelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of Asaph. 26:2 And the sons of Meshelemiah were, Zechariah the firstborn, Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth, 26:3 Elam the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Elioenai the seventh. 26:4 Moreover the sons of Obededom were, Shemaiah the firstborn, Jehozabad the second, Joah the third, and Sacar the fourth, and Nethaneel the fifth, 26:5 Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, Peulthai the eighth: for God blessed him. 26:6 Also unto Shemaiah his son were sons born, that ruled throughout the house of their father: for they were mighty men of valour. 26:7 The sons of Shemaiah; Othni, and Rephael, and Obed, Elzabad, whose brethren were strong men, Elihu, and Semachiah. 26:8 All these of the sons of Obededom: they and their sons and their brethren, able men for strength for the service, were threescore and two of Obededom. 26:9 And Meshelemiah had sons and brethren, strong men, eighteen. 26:10 Also Hosah, of the children of Merari, had sons; Simri the chief, (for though he was not the firstborn, yet his father made him the chief;) 26:11 Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth: all the sons and brethren of Hosah were thirteen. 26:12 Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house of the LORD. 26:13 And they cast lots, as well the small as the great, according to the house of their fathers, for every gate. 26:14 And the lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counsellor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward. 26:15 To Obededom southward; and to his sons the house of Asuppim. 26:16 To Shuppim and Hosah the lot came forth westward, with the gate Shallecheth, by the causeway of the going up, ward against ward. 26:17 Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four a day, and toward Asuppim two and two. 26:18 At Parbar westward, four at the causeway, and two at Parbar. 26:19 These are the divisions of the porters among the sons of Kore, and among the sons of Merari. 26:20 And of the Levites, Ahijah was over the treasures of the house of God, and over the treasures of the


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dedicated things. 26:21 As concerning the sons of Laadan; the sons of the Gershonite Laadan, chief fathers, even of Laadan the Gershonite, were Jehieli. 26:22 The sons of Jehieli; Zetham, and Joel his brother, which were over the treasures of the house of the LORD. 26:23 Of the Amramites, and the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites: 26:24 And Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, was ruler of the treasures. 26:25 And his brethren by Eliezer; Rehabiah his son, and Jeshaiah his son, and Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and Shelomith his son. 26:26 Which Shelomith and his brethren were over all the treasures of the dedicated things, which David the king, and the chief fathers, the captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the host, had dedicated. 26:27 Out of the spoils won in battles did they dedicate to maintain the house of the LORD. 26:28 And all that Samuel the seer, and Saul the son of Kish, and Abner the son of Ner, and Joab the son of Zeruiah, had dedicated; and whosoever had dedicated any thing, it was under the hand of Shelomith, and of his brethren. 26:29 Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges. 26:30 And of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brethren, men of valour, a thousand and seven hundred, were officers among them of Israel on this side Jordan westward in all the business of the LORD, and in the service of the king. 26:31 Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead. 26:32 And his brethren, men of valour, were two thousand and seven hundred chief fathers, whom king David made rulers over the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, for every matter pertaining to God, and affairs of the king.


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Chapter 27 27:1 Now the children of Israel after their number, to wit, the chief fathers and captains of thousands and hundreds, and their officers that served the king in any matter of the courses, which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, of every course were twenty and four thousand. 27:2 Over the first course for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:3 Of the children of Perez was the chief of all the captains of the host for the first month. 27:4 And over the course of the second month was Dodai an Ahohite, and of his course was Mikloth also the ruler: in his course likewise were twenty and four thousand. 27:5 The third captain of the host for the third month was Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, a chief priest: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:6 This is that Benaiah, who was mighty among the thirty, and above the thirty: and in his course was Ammizabad his son. 27:7 The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:8 The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:9 The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:10 The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:11 The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:12 The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the Anetothite, of the Benjamites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:13 The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:14 The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:15 The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. 27:16 Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maachah: 27:17 Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok: 27:18 Of Judah, Elihu, one of the brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael:


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27:19 Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel: 27:20 Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah: 27:21 Of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner: 27:22 Of Dan, Azareel the son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. 27:23 But David took not the number of them from twenty years old and under: because the LORD had said he would increase Israel like to the stars of the heavens. 27:24 Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but he finished not, because there fell wrath for it against Israel; neither was the number put in the account of the chronicles of king David. 27:25 And over the king's treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the storehouses in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah: 27:26 And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub: 27:27 And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite: 27:28 And over the olive trees and the sycomore trees that were in the low plains was Baalhanan the Gederite: and over the cellars of oil was Joash: 27:29 And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: 27:30 Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: 27:31 And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's. 27:32 Also Jonathan David's uncle was a counsellor, a wise man, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons: 27:33 And Ahithophel was the king's counsellor: and Hushai the Archite was the king's companion: 27:34 And after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar: and the general of the king's army was Joab.


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Chapter 28 2 Chor 7:3, 5

142,000 animals sacrificed

28:1 And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem. 28:2 Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: 28:3 But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. 28:4 Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me before all the house of my father to be king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah to be the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and among the sons of my father he liked me to make me king over all Israel: 28:5 And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.

Solomon is to be looked at as David was looked at. 28:6 And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father. 28:7 Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day. 28:8 Now therefore in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever. 28:9 And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever. 28:10 Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it. 28:11 Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place of the mercy seat, 28:12 And the pattern of all that he had by the spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the dedicated things: 28:13 Also for the courses of the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and for all the vessels of service in the house of the LORD. 28:14 He gave of gold by weight for things of gold, for all instruments of all manner of service; silver


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also for all instruments of silver by weight, for all instruments of every kind of service: 28:15 Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold, and for their lamps of gold, by weight for every candlestick, and for the lamps thereof: and for the candlesticks of silver by weight, both for the candlestick, and also for the lamps thereof, according to the use of every candlestick. 28:16 And by weight he gave gold for the tables of shewbread, for every table; and likewise silver for the tables of silver: 28:17 Also pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups: and for the golden basons he gave gold by weight for every bason; and likewise silver by weight for every bason of silver: 28:18 And for the altar of incense refined gold by weight; and gold for the pattern of the chariot of the cherubims, that spread out their wings, and covered the ark of the covenant of the LORD. 28:19 All this, said David, the LORD made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern. 28:20 And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of the LORD. 28:21 And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites, even they shall be with thee for all the service of the house of God: and there shall be with thee for all manner of workmanship every willing skilful man, for any manner of service: also the princes and all the people will be wholly at thy commandment.


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Chapter 29 29:1 Furthermore David the king said unto all the congregation, Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen, is yet young and tender, and the work is great: for the palace is not for man, but for the LORD God. 29:2 Now I have prepared with all my might for the house of my God the gold for things to be made of gold, and the silver for things of silver, and the brass for things of brass, the iron for things of iron, and wood for things of wood; onyx stones, and stones to be set, glistering stones, and of divers colours, and all manner of precious stones, and marble stones in abundance. 29:3 Moreover, because I have set my affection to the house of my God, I have of mine own proper good, of gold and silver, which I have given to the house of my God, over and above all that I have prepared for the holy house, 29:4 Even three thousand talents of gold, of the gold of Ophir, and seven thousand talents of refined silver, to overlay the walls of the houses withal: 29:5 The gold for things of gold, and the silver for things of silver, and for all manner of work to be made by the hands of artificers. And who then is willing to consecrate his service this day unto the LORD? 29:6 Then the chief of the fathers and princes of the tribes of Israel, and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, with the rulers of the king's work, offered willingly, 29:7 And gave for the service of the house of God of gold five thousand talents and ten thousand drams, and of silver ten thousand talents, and of brass eighteen thousand talents, and one hundred thousand talents of iron. 29:8 And they with whom precious stones were found gave them to the treasure of the house of the LORD, by the hand of Jehiel the Gershonite. 29:9 Then the people rejoiced, for that they offered willingly, because with perfect heart they offered willingly to the LORD: and David the king also rejoiced with great joy. 29:10 Wherefore David blessed the LORD before all the congregation: and David said, Blessed be thou, LORD God of Israel our father, for ever and ever. 29:11 Thine, O LORD, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is thine; thine is the kingdom, O LORD, and thou art exalted as head above all. 29:12 Both riches and honour come of thee, and thou reignest over all; and in thine hand is power and might; and in thine hand it is to make great, and to give strength unto all. 29:13 Now therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious name. 29:14 But who am I, and what is my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly after this sort? for all things come of thee, and of thine own have we given thee. 29:15 For we are strangers before thee, and sojourners, as were all our fathers: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is none abiding. 29:16 O LORD our God, all this store that we have prepared to build thee an house for thine holy name cometh of thine hand, and is all thine own.


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29:17 I know also, my God, that thou triest the heart, and hast pleasure in uprightness. As for me, in the uprightness of mine heart I have willingly offered all these things: and now have I seen with joy thy people, which are present here, to offer willingly unto thee. 29:18 O LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, our fathers, keep this for ever in the imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy people, and prepare their heart unto thee: 29:19 And give unto Solomon my son a perfect heart, to keep thy commandments, thy testimonies, and thy statutes, and to do all these things, and to build the palace, for the which I have made provision. 29:20 And David said to all the congregation, Now bless the LORD your God. And all the congregation blessed the LORD God of their fathers, and bowed down their heads, and worshipped the LORD, and the king. 29:21 And they sacrificed sacrifices unto the LORD, and offered burnt offerings unto the LORD, on the morrow after that day, even a thousand bullocks, a thousand rams, and a thousand lambs, with their drink offerings, and sacrifices in abundance for all Israel: 29:22 And did eat and drink before the LORD on that day with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed him unto the LORD to be the chief governor, and Zadok to be priest. 29:23 Then Solomon sat on the throne of the LORD as king instead of David his father, and prospered; and all Israel obeyed him.

It says that he sat on the Lord's throne, not David's. This texts shows us that the theocracy was still in tact. And that the man was simply the vice gerent for God. Ps 72:1 Give the king thy judgments, O God, and thy righteousness unto the king's son.

Someone could have written it for Solomon on the behalf of I. Charge from David to Solomon that is in a prayer. David is interceding on the behalf of Solomon for God to bless him. Ps 72:2 He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment.

It starts out that Solomon will be blessed with wisdom. This Psalm mentions the sun and the moon a lot. There could be a connection between Revelation 12:1 and this Psalm. Ps 72:5 They shall fear thee as long as the sun and moon endure, throughout all generations.

Sun and Moon Ps 72:7 In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth.

This is speaking about the reign of King Solomon but it goes beyond this. It is referring to the reign of Christ. Ps 72:11 Yea, all kings shall fall down before him: all nations shall serve him.

Sounds like Solomon, all the other kings did come to him, but it says 'all nations' shall serve him, and it shows kings paying homage, and that is for Christ.


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Ps 72:14 He shall redeem their soul from deceit and violence: and precious shall their blood be in his sight.

His advice will turn them from deception and violence. And this goes beyond Solomon. Solomon is a symbol of someone greater. “redeem” –This applies to Christ. This Psalm is about Solomon but he is the symbol or metaphor for Christ. Ps 72:17 His name shall endure for ever: his name shall be continued as long as the sun: and men shall be blessed in him: all nations shall call him blessed. Ps 72:19 And blessed be his glorious name for ever: and let the whole earth be filled with his glory; Amen, and Amen.

This is not referring to Solomon. In the covenant that was promised to David, it said his son would reign forever. But this Psalm brings out the deeper spiritual meaning that applied to this covenant. It was not speaking of any literal human son. It points to Christ more than Solomon. It is a messianic Psalm. And uses terminology that applied to Solomon as symbolic to point out what will come from Christ. Now lets go back to 1 Kings 2. 29:24 And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons likewise of king David, submitted themselves unto Solomon the king. 29:25 And the LORD magnified Solomon exceedingly in the sight of all Israel, and bestowed upon him such royal majesty as had not been on any king before him in Israel. 29:26 Thus David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. 29:27 And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem. 29:28 And he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour: and Solomon his son reigned in his stead. 29:29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer, 29:30 With all his reign and his might, and the times that went over him, and over Israel, and over all the kingdoms of the countries.


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1st Kings Introduction PO: Saul, David, and Solomon...all reigned for 40 years. 40 is probationary term. 3x 40 = 120 Noah's preaching. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Hiram provides cedar wood for building of temple Building of temple, temple promise Solomon’s other building’s and Hiram’s work for the temple Ark is brought into temple, temple is dedicated and Solomon’s prayer God’s conditional promise to Solomon, Hiram is given cities Sheba visits king Solomon Solomon’s sin, adversaries, and acted prophecy by Ahijah to Jeroboam

Author and Title As the titles of the books indicate, 1–2 Kings describe the period of the monarchy in ancient Israel (970–586 b.c.), excluding most of the reigns of King Saul and King David (which are mainly described in 1–2 Samuel, with the conclusion to David's reign appearing in 1 Kings 1:1–2:11). Ancient Jewish tradition attributes this account to the prophet Jeremiah, although the books themselves do not specify the author. Internal evidence, however, does establish that the author or authors were deeply influenced by the book of Deuteronomy and sought to provide Israel with an explanation of its past in terms of the theological program outlined in that book. This is clearly signaled, for example, in the opening section of David's parting speech to Solomon (1 Kings 2:1–4), where the language closely parallels the following phrases from Deuteronomy: “keep the charge of the Lord your God” (Deut. 11:1); “walking in his ways” (Deut. 8:6); “keeping all his statutes and his commandments” (Deut. 6:2); “that you may prosper in all you do” (Deut. 29:9); “that he may confirm the word that the Lord swore to your fathers” (Deut. 9:5); “with all your heart and with all your soul” (Deut. 4:29). “Deuteronomic” language such as this appears again and again in 1–2 Kings, as first Solomon himself (1 Kings 11), and then almost all the succeeding kings of Israel and Judah, are weighed in relation to the Mosaic law code and found wanting (e.g., Jeroboam, 1 Kings 12:25– 33; 14:1–16; Ahaz, 2 Kings 16:1–4). For this reason, the authors of 1–2 Kings have often been referred to in recent biblical scholarship as “Deuteronomists.” Beyond this one fact, however, nothing can be said for sure about the authorship of these books. Some have speculated that these “Deuteronomists” were Levites or priests; others, that they were prophets; and still others, that they were the wise men of the Jerusalem court. No one can really know.

Date In their present form, 1–2 Kings could not have been written before the sixth century b.c., since 2 Kings 25:27–30 describes the release of King Jehoiachin from prison in Babylon in 561 and the books must therefore date from some time after that. It is possible (and some scholars certainly believe) that this late exilic or postexilic version of Kings builds on earlier editions dating from before the exile of many Judeans to Babylon in 587 b.c., or from the period of the exile itself. There is also evidence that at least some editing of the text took place in the Persian period (539–c. 330 b.c.). Notice, for example, the intriguing references to “the kings of the west” and “the governors of the land” (1 Kings 10:15). These seem best understood as representing a Persian perspective on the region west of the Euphrates, which was administered on behalf of the Persian emperor by


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governors (cf. Ezra 8:36; Neh. 2:7, 9).

Theme These two books set out to provide for their readers an explanation of Israel's later monarchic period in terms of the theological vision outlined in the book of Deuteronomy, so that these readers can move forward in their present times with a solidly grounded faith in the one God who controls both nature and history. The books maintain that it is this good and all-powerful God who oversaw the destruction of his chosen city and temple, and the exile to Babylon, in 586 b.c. because of Israel's great sinfulness (2 Kings 17:7–23; 24:1–4). Yet there remains hope because God's chosen royal line has not come to an end (2 Kings 25:27–30), and God remains ready to forgive those who are repentant (1 Kings 8:22–61).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background In the year 609 b.c. the pharaoh of Egypt, Neco II, marched north to support his allies the Assyrians in their conflict with the Babylonians and their allies the Medes. On the way, Neco was opposed by King Josiah of Judah at the city of Megiddo, who was perhaps hoping to establish his independence from an increasingly powerful Egypt or hoping to benefit from being seen to take the Babylonians' side. Josiah was killed in the ensuing battle, and Judah's independence was lost. The new king, Jehoahaz, found himself imprisoned in Egypt while his brother Eliakim reigned in Judah as a vassal of Egypt under the name of Jehoiakim. Around 604 b.c., however, Jehoiakim switched his allegiance to Babylon. Then, a few years later, he rebelled against the Babylonian king. Consequently, at the end of the year 598 b.c., when the Babylonian army was before the gates of Jerusalem, Egyptian forces were not on hand to help. The city surrendered to the Babylonians in 597 b.c., and the new king, Jehoiachin, was deported to Babylon along with many other leading citizens and much plunder. Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, then placed Jehoiachin's uncle Mattaniah on the throne and gave him the new name of Zedekiah. From early in his reign Zedekiah was involved in discussions with neighboring peoples about the possibility of revolt, and eventually revolt occurred. A new siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonians ensued. It was temporarily lifted when the new pharaoh, Apries, sent an army into Palestine, but resumed when the Egyptian army withdrew. After two years of siege, with all supplies of food exhausted, the city eventually fell in 587 or 586 b.c. The fall of Jerusalem and the events that immediately followed it came as a devastating blow to the people of Judah. Jerusalem lay in ruins; both ordinary houses and the royal palace had been destroyed, and the city's defenses had been pulled down. Most seriously of all, the temple—the great symbol of Yahweh's presence with Israel—had been dismantled. Many had been killed, and many others had been deported to Babylon to work in the fields as well as in administration. Among the deportees were the leaders of the Judean community, who joined King Jehoiachin and the others deported there earlier. The people left in Judah were only the “poorest of the land” (2 Kings 25:12; see Jer. 39:10; 52:16), watched over by a garrison of troops in Jerusalem and initially by a native (non-Davidic) Judean leader named Gedaliah, who based himself in the city of Mizpah, about 7.5 miles (12 km) from the former capital. The pain and grief of the time is well expressed in Lamentations 1:1: “How lonely sits the city that was full of people! How like a widow has she become, she who was great among the nations! She who was a princess among the provinces has become a slave.” What did it all mean? Was Israel's God not in fact in control of nature and history, as Mosaic religion claimed? Were there other, more powerful gods in Babylon who had engineered the Babylonian victory over Israel? If the God of Moses did exist, and was good and all-powerful, how was it that God's chosen city and temple had been destroyed, and how was it that God's chosen


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royal line (the line of David) had all but come to its end? The books of Kings must be understood against this background. They represent a sustained response to such questions, and are designed to provide their readers a true interpretation of what happened to Israel in 586 b.c. Israel's God is indeed in control of nature and history; there are no other, more powerful gods anywhere. It is in fact this good and all-powerful God who has himself overseen the destruction of his chosen city and his temple, and the exile to Babylon. The reason for these actions lies in Israel's great sinfulness. Israel has not obeyed God or heeded his word through the prophets, from the reign of Solomon onward. Solomon turned away from the true God to worship other gods (1 Kings 2:12–11:43). Jeroboam son of Nebat led northern Israel into independence from Solomon's son Rehoboam and Judah (1 Kings 12:1–24) and into institutionalized idolatry, with gods manufactured by Jeroboam (1 Kings 12:25– 33) or introduced from elsewhere (1 Kings 16:29–2 Kings 10:31), and this ultimately led to exile in Assyria for the northern tribes (2 Kings 17). Although the religious situation in Judah was initially no better than that in Israel (1 Kings 14:22–24; 15:3–5), Judah's story afterward was not one of continuous apostasy. Relatively good kings did rule in the gaps between the wicked kings (1 Kings 15:9–22:50; 2 Kings 12:1–15:38); and toward the end of the monarchy ruled two of the best kings ever (Hezekiah, 2 Kings 18:1–20:21; Josiah, 2 Kings 22:1–23:30). Sin gradually accumulated, nevertheless, resulting in exile also for the kingdom of Judah. Yet it is implied that hope remains, for God's chosen royal line has not in fact come to an utter end (2 Kings 25:27–30), and God remains God, ever ready to forgive those who repent. The fact that God is “one” thus represents both the ultimate reason for the events of 586 b.c. and the ultimate ground for Israel's hope of restoration; for if there is only one God, nothing and no one can frustrate his purposes.

Key Themes 1. Yahweh is the only true God. There is only one living God, and he is the Lord (1 Kings 18:15; 2 Kings 5:15). This Lord is not to be confused with the various so-called gods worshiped in Israel and other nations, for these are simply human creations (1 Kings 12:25–30; 2 Kings 17:16; 19:14–19). They are part of the created order, like the people who worship them; and they are powerless, futile entities (1 Kings 16:13; 18:22–40; 2 Kings 17:15; 18:33–35). The Lord, by contrast, is the incomparable Creator of heaven and earth (1 Kings 8:23; 2 Kings 19:15). He is utterly distinct from the world that he has created (cf. 1 Kings 8:9, 14–21, 27–30, where he is neither truly “in” the ark nor “in” the temple; and 18:26–38, where the antics of the Baal priests apparently imply belief in an intrinsic connection between their actions and divine action, while Elijah's behavior implies quite the reverse). At the same time, the Lord is powerfully active within his world. It is he, and no one else, who controls nature (1 Kings 17–19; 2 Kings 1:2–17; 4:8–37; 5:1–18; 6:1–7, 27). 2. Yahweh controls history. The Lord, and neither an idol god, nor king, nor prophet, controls history (1 Kings 11:14, 23; 14:1–18; 22:1–38; 2 Kings 5:1–18; 10:32–33; 18:17–19:37). This is perhaps illustrated most clearly in the way in which prophets function within 1–2 Kings, describing the future before God brings it about (1 Kings 11:29–39; 13:1–32; 16:1–4; 20:13–34; 2 Kings 19:6–7, 20–34). Nothing can hinder the fulfillment of this prophetic word, although God himself, in his freedom, can override its fulfillment for his own purposes (cf. 1 Kings 21:17–29; 2 Kings 3:15–27, where the ending to the story is somewhat unexpected). 3. Yahweh demands exclusive worship. As the only God there is, the Lord demands exclusive worship. He will not take his place alongside the gods, nor is he willing to be displaced by them. He


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refuses to be confused with any part of the created order. He alone will be worshiped, by Israelite and foreigner alike (1 Kings 8:41–43, 60; 2 Kings 5:15–18; 17:24–41). 4. The content and place of true worship. Much of 1–2 Kings is therefore concerned to describe what is illegitimate in terms of worship. The main interest is in the content of this worship, which must neither involve idols or images nor reflect any aspect of the fertility and other cults of “the nations” (1 Kings 11:1–40; 12:25–13:34; 14:22–24; 16:29–33; 2 Kings 16:1–4; 17:7–23; 21:1–9). There is a subsidiary concern about the place of worship, which is ideally the Jerusalem temple, and not the local “high places” (1 Kings 3:2; 5:1–9:9; 15:14; 22:43; 2 Kings 18:4; 23:1–20). 5. The consequences of false worship. The books of 1–2 Kings also describe the moral wrongs that inevitably accompany false worship. They claim that true worship of God is always bound up with obedience to the law of God, and that the worship of something other than God inevitably leads to some kind of mistreatment of fellow mortals in the eyes of God; see 1 Kings 21, where the kind of abandonment of God envisaged in Exodus 20 leads to wholesale breach of the other commandments described there (2 Kings 16:1–4, esp. v. 3; 2 Kings 21:1–16, esp. vv. 6, 16). By the same token, true wisdom is defined in 1–2 Kings in terms of true worship and wholehearted obedience. It cannot be divorced from either (see 1 Kings 1–11, where much can be learned about the nature of true wisdom). 6. Yahweh as just and gracious Lawgiver. As the Giver of the law, which defines true worship and right thinking and behavior generally, the Lord is also the one who executes justice on wrongdoers. The world of 1–2 Kings is a moral world in which wrongdoing is punished, whether the sinner be king (Solomon in 1 Kings 11:9–13; Jeroboam in 1 Kings 14:1–18), or prophet (the unnamed Judean in 1 Kings 13:7–25; the disobedient man in 1 Kings 20:35–43), or ordinary Israelite (Gehazi in 2 Kings 5:19–27; the Israelite officer in 2 Kings 7:17–20). It is not a vending-machine world, however, in which every coin of sin that is inserted results in individually packaged retribution. There is no neat correlation between sin and judgment in Kings, even though people are told that they must obey God if they are to be blessed by him (e.g., Solomon in 1 Kings 2:1–4; Jeroboam in 1 Kings 11:38). This is largely because of the compassionate character of the Judge, who does not desire final judgment to fall on his creatures (2 Kings 13:23; 14:27) and who often delays or mitigates such judgment (1 Kings 21:25–29; 2 Kings 22:15–20). God's grace is to be found everywhere in 1–2 Kings (1 Kings 11:9–13; 15:1–5; 2 Kings 8:19), confounding expectations that the reader might have formed on the basis of an oversimplified understanding of law. Sin can, nevertheless, accumulate to such an extent that judgment falls, not only on individuals but on whole cultures, sweeping the relatively innocent away with the guilty (2 Kings 17:1–23; 23:29–25:26). 7. Yahweh as promise-giver. Israel's God is not only a lawgiver, however, but also a promise-giver. In 1–2 Kings it is a promise usually to be found at the heart of the Lord's gracious behavior toward his people. The two most important divine promises referred to are those given to the patriarchs on the one hand, and to David on the other. The patriarchal promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—descendants and everlasting possession of the land of Canaan—clearly influences God's treatment of his people at various points in the story (2 Kings 13:23, and implicitly in 1 Kings 4:20–21, 24; 18:36). That promise also lies in the background of Solomon's prayer in 1 Kings 8:22–53, as Solomon looks forward to the possibility of forgiveness after judgment. The future-oriented aspect of the promise in this passage is interesting because it is a promise in clear tension with the story's ending in 2 Kings 25, where disobedience has led to expulsion from the land and exile in a foreign empire. It seems that the true fulfillment of


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the promise is thought still to be in the future, even though it has also played its part in the past. The promise given to David, that he should have an eternal dynasty, shares in the same kind of tension, and indeed appears in 1–2 Kings in a curiously paradoxical form. In much of the narrative it provides an explanation for why the Davidic dynasty survives when other dynasties do not, in spite of the disobedience of David's successors (1 Kings 11:36; 15:4; 2 Kings 8:19). It is viewed, in other words, as unconditional in one aspect. Judah's fate is not to be the same as Israel's and Jerusalem's fate is to be different from Samaria's, because God has promised David a “lamp,” a descendant who will always sit on his throne. So when Solomon sins, the Davidic line does not lose the throne entirely, but retains “one tribe” (1 Kings 11:36) in the meantime, with the prospect of restoring its dominion at some time in the future (1 Kings 11:39). When Abijam sins, likewise, his son still retains the Judean throne (1 Kings 15:4). The background here is the promise to David recorded in 2 Samuel 7, where the sins of David's descendants are to be punished by the “rod of men” rather than by the kind of divine rejection Saul experienced (2 Sam. 7:14–16). This promise makes the ultimate difference between Davidic kings and those of other royal houses throughout much of the books of Kings, and makes the Judean dynasty unshakable even while the dynasties of the northern kingdom are like reeds “shaken in the water” (1 Kings 14:15). This dynasty survives in spite of the disobedience of David's successors. At other times, however, the continuance of the dynasty is made dependent on the obedience of David's successors (1 Kings 2:4; 8:25; 9:4–5). The promise is treated as conditional. As the books progress, it seems that this latter view prevails, as accumulating sin puts the promise in its unconditional aspect under great stress and in the end brings down God's judgment on Judah just as severely as on Israel (2 Kings 16:1–4; 21:1–15; 23:31–25:26). Yet Jehoiachin lives (2 Kings 25:27–30). The authors of Kings did not need to record this fact. They could have allowed Jehoiachin to dwell in obscurity with Zedekiah (2 Kings 24:18–25:7), who effectively ends up as the eunuch in Babylon that the prophet Isaiah had foreseen (2 Kings 20:18)— a mutilated man deprived of the heirs who might later claim the throne. The significance of this postscript on Jehoiachin appears clearer in an earlier section of 2 Kings. After the reign of two relatively righteous kings (Asa and Jehoshaphat), Judah found herself with two kings who share with King Ahab's children both their names (Jehoram, Ahaziah) and their attraction to idolatry (2 Kings 8:16–29). Yet God had promised David an ever-burning “lamp” in Jerusalem (2 Kings 8:19; cf. 1 Kings 11:36; 15:4), an everlasting dynasty. Therefore, although Ahab's dynasty comes to an end in 2 Kings 9–10, David's dynasty does not. Although Ahaziah dies and his mother Athaliah tries to wipe out the entire royal family (2 Kings 11:1), one royal prince remains to carry on the family line (2 Kings 11:2). Against all the odds, Joash survives six years of his grandmother's rule to emerge once again as king in a land purified of the worship of foreign gods (2 Kings 11:3–20). Later, Jehoiachin reappears in the narrative of 1–2 Kings in a manner strikingly reminiscent of this reappearance of Joash after that earlier destruction of “all the royal family” (2 Kings 11:1). Like Joash, he unexpectedly survives in the midst of carnage; and like Joash during Athaliah's reign, he represents the potential for the continuation of the Davidic line at a later time. All is not yet necessarily lost. The destruction of the family of the last king of Judah (Zedekiah) does not mean that no Davidic descendant is left. Second Kings 25:27–30 hints that the unconditional aspects of the Davidic promise may still, even after awful judgment has fallen, remain in force. Similarly, the prayer of Solomon in 1 Kings 8:22–53 looks beyond the disaster of exile, grounding its hope for the restoration of Israel to its land in God's gracious and unconditional election of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (see also 1 Kings 18:36–37; 2 Kings 13:23; 14:27). Solomon's prayer had also refused to


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accept that God's words about the rejection of people, city, and temple (e.g., 2 Kings 21:14; 23:27) were his final words. The words in 2 Kings 25:27–30 express the hope that God may indeed be found to be, in the end as in the beginning, a God of grace and not only of commandment, and that a Son of David will one day appear to introduce his righteous rule on the earth.

History of Salvation Summary God's purpose in establishing Israel had been to bring blessing to the world through the people's covenant faithfulness. He instituted the Davidic dynasty to lead the people in their faithfulness. The history of Israel, as told by 1–2 Kings, is full of tragedies: the rupture of the kingdom so that the north was in rebellion against David's house; the failures of so many kings, north and south, to live faithfully and to lead wisely; and the deportations of the north and then of the south. And yet God will not fail in his purpose: Kings ends with kindness shown to David's heir (2 Kings 25:27–30), which leaves the hope that the Davidic line will continue, leading to the ultimate heir, the Messiah, and the hope that a chastened Israel may itself be restored and may fulfill its calling for the world. (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Outline 1. The Reign of King Solomon (1:1–11:43) a. Solomon becomes king (1:1–2:46) b. More on Solomon and wisdom (3:1–28) c. Solomon's rule over Israel (4:1–20) d. Solomon and the nations (4:21–34) e. Preparations for building the temple (5:1–18) f. Solomon builds the temple and his palace (6:1–7:51) g. The ark brought to the temple (8:1–21) h. Solomon's prayer (8:22–53) i. The temple narrative ended (8:54–9:9) j. Glory under a cloud (9:10–10:29) k. Solomon's apostasy, opponents, and death (11:1–43) 2. The Kingdom Is Divided (12:1–14:31) a. The kingdom torn away (12:1–33) b. The man of God from Judah (13:1–34) c. The end of Jeroboam (14:1–20) d. The end of Rehoboam (14:21–31) 3. Abijam and Asa (15:1–24) 4. From Nadab to Ahab (15:25–16:34) 5. Elijah and Ahab (17:1–22:40) a. Elijah and the drought (17:1–24) b. Elijah and the prophets of Baal (18:1–46) c. Elijah and the Lord (19:1–21) d. Ahab's war against Syria (20:1–43) e. Naboth's vineyard (21:1–29) f. Ahab killed in battle (22:1–40) 6. Jehoshaphat and Ahaziah (22:41–53)


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Chapter 1 - Revolution of Ahnonijah 1:1 Now king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat.

David is 70 yrs old. 1:2 Wherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat. 1:3 So they sought for a fair damsel throughout all the coasts of Israel, and found Abishag a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 And the damsel was very fair, and cherished the king, and ministered to him: but the king knew her not. 1:5 Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, I will be king: and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him.

Adonijah is Absaloms blood brother. He decided he wanted to be king. PP he knew that God chose Solomon to be king. He was resisting what God revealed. 1:6 And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom.

Adonijah was spoilt and good looking like Tamar. 1:7 And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah, and with Abiathar the priest: and they following Adonijah helped him.

Joab is not going against David but against Solomon Abiathar was at the cave with David, but now his is joing Adonijah, so Joab and Abihatar joined Adonijah. 1:8 But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to David, were not with Adonijah. 1:9 And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which is by Enrogel, and called all his brethren the king's sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants: 1:10 But Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother, he called not.

Nathan was still with Solomon – and got his mother to go and see David. 1:11 Wherefore Nathan spake unto Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, saying, Hast thou not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith doth reign, and David our lord knoweth it not?

Nathan went to Bethsheba 1:12 Now therefore come, let me, I pray thee, give thee counsel, that thou mayest save thine own life, and the life of thy son Solomon. 1:13 Go and get thee in unto king David, and say unto him, Didst not thou, my lord, O king, swear unto thine handmaid, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my


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throne? why then doth Adonijah reign? 1:14 Behold, while thou yet talkest there with the king, I also will come in after thee, and confirm thy words. 1:15 And Bathsheba went in unto the king into the chamber: and the king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite ministered unto the king. 1:16 And Bathsheba bowed, and did obeisance unto the king. And the king said, What wouldest thou? 1:17 And she said unto him, My lord, thou swarest by the LORD thy God unto thine handmaid, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne. 1:18 And now, behold, Adonijah reigneth; and now, my lord the king, thou knowest it not: 1:19 And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called. 1:20 And thou, my lord, O king, the eyes of all Israel are upon thee, that thou shouldest tell them who shall sit on the throne of my lord the king after him. 1:21 Otherwise it shall come to pass, when my lord the king shall sleep with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders.

They would be put to death. 1:22 And, lo, while she yet talked with the king, Nathan the prophet also came in. 1:23 And they told the king, saying, Behold Nathan the prophet. And when he was come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground. 1:24 And Nathan said, My lord, O king, hast thou said, Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? 1:25 For he is gone down this day, and hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the king's sons, and the captains of the host, and Abiathar the priest; and, behold, they eat and drink before him, and say, God save king Adonijah. 1:26 But me, even me thy servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and thy servant Solomon, hath he not called. 1:27 Is this thing done by my lord the king, and thou hast not shewed it unto thy servant, who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him? 1:28 Then king David answered and said, Call me Bathsheba. And she came into the king's presence, and stood before the king. 1:29 And the king sware, and said, As the LORD liveth, that hath redeemed my soul out of all distress, 1:30 Even as I sware unto thee by the LORD God of Israel, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne in my stead; even so will I certainly do this day.

David's response.


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1:31 Then Bathsheba bowed with her face to the earth, and did reverence to the king, and said, Let my lord king David live for ever. 1:32 And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king. 1:33 The king also said unto them, Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride upon mine own mule, and bring him down to Gihon: 1:34 And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel: and blow ye with the trumpet, and say, God save king Solomon. 1:35 Then ye shall come up after him, that he may come and sit upon my throne; for he shall be king in my stead: and I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah. 1:36 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, Amen: the LORD God of my lord the king say so too. 1:37 As the LORD hath been with my lord the king, even so be he with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord king David. 1:38 So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon. 1:39 And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon. 1:40 And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of them. 1:41 And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar? 1:42 And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for thou art a valiant man, and bringest good tidings. 1:43 And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king. 1:44 And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king's mule: 1:45 And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon: and they are come up from thence rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that ye have heard. 1:46 And also Solomon sitteth on the throne of the kingdom. 1:47 And moreover the king's servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself upon the bed. 1:48 And also thus said the king, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which hath given one to sit on my throne this day, mine eyes even seeing it. 1:49 And all the guests that were with Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and went every man his way.


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He ran to the temple. 1:50 And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. 1:51 And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me to day that he will not slay his servant with the sword. 1:52 And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die. 1:53 So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto him, Go to thine house.

Now go back to 2 Samuel 23.


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Chapter 2 2:1 Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; and he charged Solomon his son, saying,

Verses 1 to 3 is similar to the prayer in Psalms, he prayed now he is giving the charge directly. “that thou mayest prosper” – this shows a conditional nature. If you do this you will prosper. 2:2 I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man; 2:3 And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself: 2:4 That the LORD may continue his word which he spake concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel.

“if” – This shows a conditional in order for there to be no failure and a man upon the throne of Israel. He must charge and train his children to keep God's ways. 2:5 Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.

David mentions Joab. Get rid of your threats. 2:6 Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.

According to your wisdom but don’t let him live. 2:7 But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother. 2:8 And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword. 2:9 Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.

His last two things were to give Joab and Shamiah their judgment. 2:10 So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.

STATE OF THE DEAD: Sleep is equated with death. Good text to show this teaching it means to die. 2:11 And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.

Day = 1 year. Day for a year principle.


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2:12 Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly.

Solomon connected the points and killed him 2:13 And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably. 2:14 He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on. 2:15 And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother's: for it was his from the LORD. 2:16 And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on. 2:17 And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife.

“Abishag the Shuminite” – This is the young virgin who was brought to David. Technically she was a wife because she laid in bed with him. Even though it wasn't consummated by the physical act of sex, she was a wife. Adonijah is asking for his father's wife. 2:18 And Bathsheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king. 2:19 Bathsheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand. 2:20 Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay. 2:21 And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife. 2:22 And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

Is this an overreaction? Or does he understand something that Bathsheba doesn't. that isn't so obvious. Then he shows that he knows that there is something more behind it he says "for he [is] mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah" – Technically if Adonijah took a wife of king David who was now dead, that would make him legally the king of Israel. Solomon recognizes that there are technicalities that could cause a revolution. At this time Solomon is not married. He doesn't have a queen. And this would give Adonijah a queen. And he also shows that Abiathar and Joab have been counseling Adonijah. He recognizes a conspiracy and he has all that he needs to execute punishment on Joab. 2:23 Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life. 2:24 Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day.


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He shall be put to death. 2:25 And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died.

He died 2:26 And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord GOD before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.

Because of what he did for his father and bringing the ark 2:27 So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.

It's interesting that Abiathar was sent to Anathoth and he was excommunicated from the priesthood. But in Jeremiah 1:1 Jeremiah is from Anathoth. Abiather was to stay there and this is Jeremiah's heritage. So for Jeremiah to come into Jerusalem he was working against history which forbade that. 2:28 Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after Adonijah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.

Joab was helping Adonijah. Solomon was not just paranoid because he was in power. Who went into the temple and grabbed the horns before this? Adonijah, and he got mercy. So Joab went and did the same thing hoping to get mercy. “horns of the altar” – The act of sacrificing at the altar is an appeal to God's mercy. So they were probably trying to gain mercy from the person in power. They could have also been there trying to appeal to God and then someone would still kill them, this seemed unfair (study) we don't have specific evidence as to why they did this. It could be a part of the Jewish custom. 2:29 And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him. 2:30 And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me. 2:31 And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father. 2:32 And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. 2:33 Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD. 2:34 So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his


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own house in the wilderness.

Benahaz slew Joab. 2:35 And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.

He replaced Joab as commander. 2:36 And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither.

He is saying you stay here. And I will keep an eye of you. 2:37 For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shall be upon thine own head. 2:38 And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days. 2:39 And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath. 2:40 And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath. 2:41 And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again.

News came to Solomon that he left to Gath. Solomon summoned him. 2:42 And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good. 2:43 Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with? 2:44 The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head; 2:45 And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever.

This was inserted here to show the reason for Shemei's death. He is a threat to the throne because he was not loyal. He was a trader. And so Solomon justifies his death on the grounds of treason so his throne could be established forever. 2:46 So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.

Shemiah was slew by Benaiah. Benaiah was the one who had to kill them for the king. He was one of David's mighty men.


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Chapter 3 The beginning makes reference that Solomon took a wife from Pharaoh's household. But this woman became converted and worshipped the true God (PK). On the surface it looked like a good thing to do. Marry her and bring her to Christ. But this appeared to be good in the reason of man. in a long run this hurt the kingdom. But PK says for a time God held back the consequences from following man's wisdom and not God's 3:1 And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, and the wall of Jerusalem round about.

Solomon used politics to get gain. 3:2 Only the people sacrificed in high places, because there was no house built unto the name of the LORD, until those days. 3:3 And Solomon loved the LORD, walking in the statutes of David his father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high places.

He loved God, but he “only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high places.” 3:4 And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place: a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar. 3:5 In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and God said, Ask what I shall give thee.

God looks at the motive of the heart and the light at which we have. Record of Solomon at Gibeon where the wilderness tabernacle was erected. 3:6 And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto thy servant David my father great mercy, according as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day. 3:7 And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I am but a little child: I know not how to go out or come in.

Asking for wisdom (Little Children, faith of a little child) Highest Point. PK This was Solomon's greatest moment. 3:8 And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude. 3:9 Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? 3:10 And the speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. 3:11 And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life; neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies; but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern judgment;


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3:12 Behold, I have done according to thy words: lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee. 3:13 And I have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, both riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings like unto thee all thy days. 3:14 And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy father David did walk, then I will lengthen thy days. 3:15 And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings, and made a feast to all his servants. 3:16 Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him.

The two women – the one who had compassion. 3:17 And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. 3:18 And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. 3:19 And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it. 3:20 And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. 3:21 And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear. 3:22 And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king. 3:23 Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living. 3:24 And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. 3:25 And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other.

Solomon asked for the sword. This is the story of the two women. 3:26 Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. 3:27 Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof. 3:28 And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment.

(*PO Bible definition of what it means to do judgment. Study). Everyone saw that God was with him.


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Chapter 4 4:1 So king Solomon was king over all Israel. 4:2 And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok the priest, 4:3 Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. 4:4 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the host: and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests: 4:5 And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer, and the king's friend: 4:6 And Ahishar was over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute. 4:7 And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision. 4:8 And these are their names: The son of Hur, in mount Ephraim: 4:9 The son of Dekar, in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Bethshemesh, and Elonbethhanan: 4:10 The son of Hesed, in Aruboth; to him pertained Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher: 4:11 The son of Abinadab, in all the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife: 4:12 Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Bethshean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Bethshean to Abelmeholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam: 4:13 The son of Geber, in Ramothgilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars: 4:14 Ahinadab the son of Iddo had Mahanaim: 4:15 Ahimaaz was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of Solomon to wife: 4:16 Baanah the son of Hushai was in Asher and in Aloth: 4:17 Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah, in Issachar: 4:18 Shimei the son of Elah, in Benjamin: 4:19 Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land. 4:20 Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry.

The fulfilment of the promise 4:21 And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.


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What river is this? The Euphrates. This is a fulfillment of Genesis 15:18. This is the promise that was made to Abraham. 4:22 And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, 4:23 Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. 4:24 For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him. 4:25 And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon. 4:26 And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen.

“forty thousand stalls of horses” – Solomon has now began to trust in his own power, this was not he custom of the Jews. 4:27 And those officers provided victual for king Solomon, and for all that came unto king Solomon's table, every man in his month: they lacked nothing. 4:28 Barley also and straw for the horses and dromedaries brought they unto the place where the officers were, every man according to his charge. 4:29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.

Wiser then the people of the East 4:30 And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt. 4:31 For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about. 4:32 And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five. 4:33 And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes. 4:34 And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.

Next go to Proverbs 1 through 15.


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Chapter 5 - Hiram provides cedar wood for building of temple The account of Hiram king of tyre and the arrangement he made with Solomon so they could build the house. Solomon gave him bushels of wheat and Hiram gave the trees of Lebanon. Know the surrounding nations Quiz: 1.) Key text that shows that the theocracy was still in tact by saying. 'Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord.' I Chron 29:23 2.) Those who despise of the Lord's counsel 'fruit of their own way' and 'shall dwell safely' Prov 1:30-31, 33 3.) Who was cut off of from the priesthood and made to move to Anothoth because he supported Adonijah in the conspiracy? Abiathar 4.) What prophet predicted the split in the Hebrew kingdom after Solomon and later predicted the death of the king of Israel's son? Ahijah a. Nathan b. Iddo c. Ahijah d. Shemiah 5.) Who became the king of the 10 tribes of northern Israel? Jeroboam 6.) When the nation split who was the king of Judah? Rehoboam 7.) What nation and leader invaded Jerusalem and took the treasures of gold from the temple and Solomon's 300 shields of gold? 8.) Write 3 memory texts from proverbs. 5:1 And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David. 5:2 And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying, 5:3 Thou knowest how that David my father could not build an house unto the name of the LORD his God for the wars which were about him on every side, until the LORD put them under the soles of his feet. 5:4 But now the LORD my God hath given me rest on every side, so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent. 5:5 And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God, as the LORD spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name. 5:6 Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians. 5:7 And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the LORD this day, which hath given unto David a wise son over this great people. 5:8 And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir. 5:9 My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in


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floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. 5:10 So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire. 5:11 And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year. 5:12 And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together. 5:13 And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men. 5:14 And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy. 5:15 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains; 5:16 Beside the chief of Solomon's officers which were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work. 5:17 And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house. 5:18 And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house.


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Chapter 6 - Building of temple, temple promise 6:1 And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD.

KEY TEXT This is the most important text in scripture to establish important dates. Solomon began the temple in his fourth year. It is easy to follow because from the time of the kings up until the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, there are solid dates that can be established without any questions from many historical sources. Solomon became king in 971 – 970 B.C. His fourth reign would be 966 – 965 B.C. This is when he began to build the temple. What do you have to add to this to get the date of the exodus? 480. 965 + 480 = 1445 B.C. The date of the Exodus. This scriptures helps us understand the date of the Exodus. 6:2 And the house which king Solomon built for the LORD, the length thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits. 6:3 And the porch before the temple of the house, twenty cubits was the length thereof, according to the breadth of the house; and ten cubits was the breadth thereof before the house. 6:4 And for the house he made windows of narrow lights. 6:5 And against the wall of the house he built chambers round about, against the walls of the house round about, both of the temple and of the oracle: and he made chambers round about: 6:6 The nethermost chamber was five cubits broad, and the middle was six cubits broad, and the third was seven cubits broad: for without in the wall of the house he made narrowed rests round about, that the beams should not be fastened in the walls of the house. 6:7 And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building.

Key text 6:8 The door for the middle chamber was in the right side of the house: and they went up with winding stairs into the middle chamber, and out of the middle into the third. 6:9 So he built the house, and finished it; and covered the house with beams and boards of cedar. 6:10 And then he built chambers against all the house, five cubits high: and they rested on the house with timber of cedar. 6:11 And the word of the LORD came to Solomon, saying, 6:12 Concerning this house which thou art in building, if thou wilt walk in my statutes, and execute my judgments, and keep all my commandments to walk in them; then will I perform my word with thee, which I spake unto David thy father: 6:13 And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake my people Israel.


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6:14 So Solomon built the house, and finished it. 6:15 And he built the walls of the house within with boards of cedar, both the floor of the house, and the walls of the cieling: and he covered them on the inside with wood, and covered the floor of the house with planks of fir. 6:16 And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it within, even for the oracle, even for the most holy place. 6:17 And the house, that is, the temple before it, was forty cubits long. 6:18 And the cedar of the house within was carved with knops and open flowers: all was cedar; there was no stone seen. 6:19 And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of the LORD. 6:20 And the oracle in the forepart was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height thereof: and he overlaid it with pure gold; and so covered the altar which was of cedar. 6:21 So Solomon overlaid the house within with pure gold: and he made a partition by the chains of gold before the oracle; and he overlaid it with gold. 6:22 And the whole house he overlaid with gold, until he had finished all the house: also the whole altar that was by the oracle he overlaid with gold.

This shows the wealth that went into making this house. 6:23 And within the oracle he made two cherubims of olive tree, each ten cubits high. 6:24 And five cubits was the one wing of the cherub, and five cubits the other wing of the cherub: from the uttermost part of the one wing unto the uttermost part of the other were ten cubits. 6:25 And the other cherub was ten cubits: both the cherubims were of one measure and one size. 6:26 The height of the one cherub was ten cubits, and so was it of the other cherub. 6:27 And he set the cherubims within the inner house: and they stretched forth the wings of the cherubims, so that the wing of the one touched the one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall; and their wings touched one another in the midst of the house.

Shows the dimensions of the Cherubims. The furniture was much larger than the wilderness tabernacle. 6:28 And he overlaid the cherubims with gold. 6:29 And he carved all the walls of the house round about with carved figures of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, within and without. 6:30 And the floor of the house he overlaid with gold, within and without. 6:31 And for the entering of the oracle he made doors of olive tree: the lintel and side posts were a fifth part of the wall.


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6:32 The two doors also were of olive tree; and he carved upon them carvings of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, and overlaid them with gold, and spread gold upon the cherubims, and upon the palm trees. 6:33 So also made he for the door of the temple posts of olive tree, a fourth part of the wall. 6:34 And the two doors were of fir tree: the two leaves of the one door were folding, and the two leaves of the other door were folding. 6:35 And he carved thereon cherubims and palm trees and open flowers: and covered them with gold fitted upon the carved work. 6:36 And he built the inner court with three rows of hewed stone, and a row of cedar beams. 6:37 In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the LORD laid, in the month Zif: 6:38 And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he seven years in building it.

It took 7 years to build this house.


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Chapter 7 – Solomon’s other building’s and Hiram’s work for the temple 7:1 But Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house.

It took Solomon 13 years to build his house. 7:2 He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length thereof was an hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. 7:3 And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on forty five pillars, fifteen in a row. 7:4 And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks. 7:5 And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and light was against light in three ranks. 7:6 And he made a porch of pillars; the length thereof was fifty cubits, and the breadth thereof thirty cubits: and the porch was before them: and the other pillars and the thick beam were before them. 7:7 Then he made a porch for the throne where he might judge, even the porch of judgment: and it was covered with cedar from one side of the floor to the other. 7:8 And his house where he dwelt had another court within the porch, which was of the like work. Solomon made also an house for Pharaoh's daughter, whom he had taken to wife, like unto this porch.

He took Pharoah's daughter out of Egypt. 7:9 All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court. 7:10 And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits. 7:11 And above were costly stones, after the measures of hewed stones, and cedars. 7:12 And the great court round about was with three rows of hewed stones, and a row of cedar beams, both for the inner court of the house of the LORD, and for the porch of the house. 7:13 And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre.

This hiram is not king hiram. He was half Hebrew and half Phoenician. He was a worker. 7:14 He was a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and understanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work.

Here it says Hiram was from the tribe of Nephtali (PP makes it clear he is from Dan.) The writer made a mistake. Watch out for people who try to use this for an objection. 7:15 For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about.


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In 2 Chronicles 2:14 It says that he was a widow's son of the tribe of Dan. His Dad was a Phoenician. And His mother a Hebrew. PP says he was a descendent of Aholiab who was given special wisdom from God to build the tabernacle in the wilderness. Aholiab was from the tribe of Dan. 7:16 And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits: 7:17 And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter. 7:18 And he made the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and so did he for the other chapiter. 7:19 And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars were of lily work in the porch, four cubits. 7:20 And the chapiters upon the two pillars had pomegranates also above, over against the belly which was by the network: and the pomegranates were two hundred in rows round about upon the other chapiter. 7:21 And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz. 7:22 And upon the top of the pillars was lily work: so was the work of the pillars finished. 7:23 And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

This lavar is huge. 7:24 And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast. 7:25 It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. 7:26 And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand baths. 7:27 And he made ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it. 7:28 And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges: 7:29 And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work. 7:30 And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition. 7:31 And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: but the mouth thereof was round


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after the work of the base, a cubit and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round. 7:32 And under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit. 7:33 And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten. 7:34 And there were four undersetters to the four corners of one base: and the undersetters were of the very base itself. 7:35 And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a cubit high: and on the top of the base the ledges thereof and the borders thereof were of the same. 7:36 For on the plates of the ledges thereof, and on the borders thereof, he graved cherubims, lions, and palm trees, according to the proportion of every one, and additions round about. 7:37 After this manner he made the ten bases: all of them had one casting, one measure, and one size. 7:38 Then made he ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty baths: and every laver was four cubits: and upon every one of the ten bases one laver.

They made 10 smaller lavers for washing. 7:39 And he put five bases on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house: and he set the sea on the right side of the house eastward over against the south. 7:40 And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basons. So Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made king Solomon for the house of the LORD: 7:41 The two pillars, and the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the top of the two pillars; and the two networks, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; 7:42 And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, even two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pillars; 7:43 And the ten bases, and ten lavers on the bases; 7:44 And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea; 7:45 And the pots, and the shovels, and the basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon for the house of the LORD, were of bright brass. 7:46 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan.

Shows where they cast the pillars. 7:47 And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out. 7:48 And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the house of the LORD: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the shewbread was, 7:49 And the candlesticks of pure gold, five on the right side, and five on the left, before the oracle, with


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the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs of gold, 7:50 And the bowls, and the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers of pure gold; and the hinges of gold, both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, to wit, of the temple. 7:51 So was ended all the work that king Solomon made for the house of the LORD. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated; even the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, did he put among the treasures of the house of the LORD.

Work was concluded.


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Chapter 8 – Ark is brought into temple, temple is dedicated and Solomon’s prayer 8:1 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto king Solomon in Jerusalem, that they might bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion.

Key chapter: this is the dedication of the temple. 8:2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. 8:3 And all the elders of Israel came, and the priests took up the ark. 8:4 And they brought up the ark of the LORD, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, even those did the priests and the Levites bring up. 8:5 And king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel, that were assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude. 8:6 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD unto his place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, even under the wings of the cherubims.

Priest brought all the furniture. 8:7 For the cherubims spread forth their two wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubims covered the ark and the staves thereof above. 8:8 And they drew out the staves, that the ends of the staves were seen out in the holy place before the oracle, and they were not seen without: and there they are unto this day. 8:9 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt.

The ark of the covenant only had the two tables of stone. 8:10 And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the LORD,

Solomon's prayer has many important points in it. 8:11 So that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of the LORD. 8:12 Then spake Solomon, The LORD said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. 8:13 I have surely built thee an house to dwell in, a settled place for thee to abide in for ever. 8:14 And the king turned his face about, and blessed all the congregation of Israel: (and all the congregation of Israel stood;) 8:15 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which spake with his mouth unto David my father, and hath with his hand fulfilled it, saying,


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8:16 Since the day that I brought forth my people Israel out of Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build an house, that my name might be therein; but I chose David to be over my people Israel. 8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. 8:18 And the LORD said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thine heart to build an house unto my name, thou didst well that it was in thine heart. 8:19 Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto my name. 8:20 And the LORD hath performed his word that he spake, and I am risen up in the room of David my father, and sit on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. 8:21 And I have set there a place for the ark, wherein is the covenant of the LORD, which he made with our fathers, when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. 8:22 And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven: 8:23 And he said, LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath, who keepest covenant and mercy with thy servants that walk before thee with all their heart: 8:24 Who hast kept with thy servant David my father that thou promisedst him: thou spakest also with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine hand, as it is this day. 8:25 Therefore now, LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that thou promisedst him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel; so that thy children take heed to their way, that they walk before me as thou hast walked before me. 8:26 And now, O God of Israel, let thy word, I pray thee, be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David my father. 8:27 But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded?

KEY TEXT: Solomon shows the he understood that God cannot be contained by measurable space period. He is beyond measurement. This shows the infinite nature of God. God can dwell in time and space, but He is not restricted to it like us. 8:28 Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to hearken unto the cry and to the prayer, which thy servant prayeth before thee to day: 8:29 That thine eyes may be open toward this house night and day, even toward the place of which thou hast said, My name shall be there: that thou mayest hearken unto the prayer which thy servant shall make toward this place. 8:30 And hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place: and hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place: and when thou hearest, forgive.


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From here and on he mentions if the people turn and things happen. 8:31 If any man trespass against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house: 8:32 Then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way upon his head; and justifying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness. 8:33 When thy people Israel be smitten down before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee, and shall turn again to thee, and confess thy name, and pray, and make supplication unto thee in this house: 8:34 Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest unto their fathers. 8:35 When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou afflictest them:

(*PO parallel this texts can also show why the latter rain has not fallen. Study) 8:36 Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, that thou teach them the good way wherein they should walk, and give rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people for an inheritance.

What chapter written by Moses is a background to what Solomon is saying? Deut 28. This shows that Solomon understood this passage very well. He is saying if this happens please remember us and bring us back to us. 8:37 If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

Mentions the famine 8:38 What prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, or by all thy people Israel, which shall know every man the plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands toward this house: 8:39 Then hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, and do, and give to every man according to his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou, even thou only, knowest the hearts of all the children of men;)

He refers to God as the only one who knows man's heart. 8:40 That they may fear thee all the days that they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. 8:41 Moreover concerning a stranger, that is not of thy people Israel, but cometh out of a far country for thy name's sake;

Very important texts. He is speaking of the gentiles here. 8:42 (For they shall hear of thy great name, and of thy strong hand, and of thy stretched out arm;) when he shall come and pray toward this house;

The gentiles would come and pray. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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8:43 Hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to thee for: that all people of the earth may know thy name, to fear thee, as do thy people Israel; and that they may know that this house, which I have builded, is called by thy name.

Solomon shows that this temple was not to be exclusively for Hebrews. He shows that all gentiles who want to respond to truth and want to be apart, they can. This is very important because during the times of Jesus this was heresy. It is important today when we look at the NT concept of a spiritual Israelite. 8:44 If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, whithersoever thou shalt send them, and shall pray unto the LORD toward the city which thou hast chosen, and toward the house that I have built for thy name: 8:45 Then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause. 8:46 If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near; 8:47 Yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they were carried captives, and repent, and make supplication unto thee in the land of them that carried them captives, saying, We have sinned, and have done perversely, we have committed wickedness;

He mentions going into captivity.

8:48 And so return unto thee with all their heart, and with all their soul, in the land of their enemies, which led them away captive, and pray unto thee toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, the city which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name: 8:49 Then hear thou their prayer and their supplication in heaven thy dwelling place, and maintain their cause,

Verses 48 to 49 remind us that in Deut 28 it said that this could happen and God could still take them back. So Solomon is saying if this happen remember to take us back. Comment: Daniel knew the Bible he knew the prayer of Solomon and Deut. 8:50 And forgive thy people that have sinned against thee, and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee, and give them compassion before them who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them: 8:51 For they be thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron: 8:52 That thine eyes may be open unto the supplication of thy servant, and unto the supplication of thy people Israel, to hearken unto them in all that they call for unto thee. 8:53 For thou didst separate them from among all the people of the earth, to be thine inheritance, as thou spakest by the hand of Moses thy servant, when thou broughtest our fathers out of Egypt, O Lord GOD. 8:54 And it was so, that when Solomon had made an end of praying all this prayer and supplication unto the LORD, he arose from before the altar of the LORD, from kneeling on his knees with his hands spread up to heaven.


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2 Chron 7:3 mentioned that fire came down from heaven. It was left out here. 2 Chron 7:3 And when all the children of Israel saw how the fire came down, and the glory of the LORD upon the house, they bowed themselves with their faces to the ground upon the pavement, and worshipped, and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. 8:55 And he stood, and blessed all the congregation of Israel with a loud voice, saying, 8:56 Blessed be the LORD, that hath given rest unto his people Israel, according to all that he promised: there hath not failed one word of all his good promise, which he promised by the hand of Moses his servant.

Key text 8:57 The LORD our God be with us, as he was with our fathers: let him not leave us, nor forsake us: 8:58 That he may incline our hearts unto him, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and his statutes, and his judgments, which he commanded our fathers. 8:59 And let these my words, wherewith I have made supplication before the LORD, be nigh unto the LORD our God day and night, that he maintain the cause of his servant, and the cause of his people Israel at all times, as the matter shall require: 8:60 That all the people of the earth may know that the LORD is God, and that there is none else. 8:61 Let your heart therefore be perfect with the LORD our God, to walk in his statutes, and to keep his commandments, as at this day. 8:62 And the king, and all Israel with him, offered sacrifice before the LORD. 8:63 And Solomon offered a sacrifice of peace offerings, which he offered unto the LORD, two and twenty thousand oxen, and an hundred and twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the children of Israel dedicated the house of the LORD. 8:64 The same day did the king hallow the middle of the court that was before the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings: because the brasen altar that was before the LORD was too little to receive the burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings. 8:65 And at that time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days. 8:66 On the eighth day he sent the people away: and they blessed the king, and went unto their tents joyful and glad of heart for all the goodness that the LORD had done for David his servant, and for Israel his people.


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Chapter 9 – God’s conditional promise to Solomon, Hiram is given cities 9:1 And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished the building of the house of the LORD, and the king's house, and all Solomon's desire which he was pleased to do, 9:2 That the LORD appeared to Solomon the second time, as he had appeared unto him at Gibeon.

God appeared to Solomon for the second time. 9:3 And the LORD said unto him, I have heard thy prayer and thy supplication, that thou hast made before me: I have hallowed this house, which thou hast built, to put my name there for ever; and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually. 9:4 And if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked, in integrity of heart, and in uprightness, to do according to all that I have commanded thee, and wilt keep my statutes and my judgments: 9:5 Then I will establish the throne of thy kingdom upon Israel for ever, as I promised to David thy father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man upon the throne of Israel.

Verses 4 and 5 show the conditional nature of the covenant. 9:6 But if ye shall at all turn from following me, ye or your children, and will not keep my commandments and my statutes which I have set before you, but go and serve other gods, and worship them: 9:7 Then will I cut off Israel out of the land which I have given them; and this house, which I have hallowed for my name, will I cast out of my sight; and Israel shall be a proverb and a byword among all people:

God is saying this building here you just built will be gone. Everything you just did will be wiped away. If you don't obey all will be lost. Psa 127:1 Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. (Solomon wrote during this time). KEY TEXT. Solomon recognizes that will all this work that he has

done the Lord must be a part of it, or it would come to not.

9:8 And at this house, which is high, every one that passeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss; and they shall say, Why hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and to this house? 9:9 And they shall answer, Because they forsook the LORD their God, who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken hold upon other gods, and have worshipped them, and served them: therefore hath the LORD brought upon them all this evil.

People will come by and say this is where that mighty building stood, but now it is gone, and they will say why? And the answer is given. 9:10 And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, when Solomon had built the two houses, the house of the LORD, and the king's house, 9:11 (Now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with cedar trees and fir trees, and with gold,


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according to all his desire,) that then king Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. 9:12 And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him; and they pleased him not. 9:13 And he said, What cities are these which thou hast given me, my brother? And he called them the land of Cabul unto this day. 9:14 And Hiram sent to the king sixscore talents of gold. 9:15 And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for to build the house of the LORD, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer. 9:16 For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon's wife. 9:17 And Solomon built Gezer, and Bethhoron the nether, 9:18 And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, 9:19 And all the cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. 9:20 And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel, 9:21 Their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day. 9:22 But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no bondmen: but they were men of war, and his servants, and his princes, and his captains, and rulers of his chariots, and his horsemen. 9:23 These were the chief of the officers that were over Solomon's work, five hundred and fifty, which bare rule over the people that wrought in the work. 9:24 But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo. 9:25 And three times in a year did Solomon offer burnt offerings and peace offerings upon the altar which he built unto the LORD, and he burnt incense upon the altar that was before the LORD. So he finished the house. 9:26 And king Solomon made a navy of ships in Eziongeber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red sea, in the land of Edom.

This shows he established a navy near the red sea. This is where he could control a lot of trade and bring in the gold of ophir. It would also serve as a national defense. PP says that he wasn't trusting God when he made this decision. 9:27 And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. 9:28 And they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and


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brought it to king Solomon.


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Chapter 10 - Sheba visits king Solomon 10:1 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. 10:2 And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart. 10:3 And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing hid from the king, which he told her not. 10:4 And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon's wisdom, and the house that he had built, 10:5 And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her. 10:6 And she said to the king, It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. 10:7 Howbeit I believed not the words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the half was not told me: thy wisdom and prosperity exceedeth the fame which I heard.

Queen of Sheba came to test him and this is what she says. 10:8 Happy are thy men, happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and that hear thy wisdom. 10:9 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on the throne of Israel: because the LORD loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee king, to do judgment and justice.

The Queen of Sheba didn't come because she was a follower of God, but now we see her praising God. She is now. PK brings out that this has always been the purpose of God's blessings. They were to win the confidence of people by seeing His ways to bring them to Him so they could have the same blessings. Now go to Proverbs 17 to 31. 10:10 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices very great store, and precious stones: there came no more such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon. 10:11 And the navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir, brought in from Ophir great plenty of almug trees, and precious stones. 10:12 And the king made of the almug trees pillars for the house of the LORD, and for the king's house, harps also and psalteries for singers: there came no such almug trees, nor were seen unto this day. 10:13 And king Solomon gave unto the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants. 10:14 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred threescore and six talents of gold,


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10:15 Beside that he had of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country. 10:16 And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels of gold went to one target. 10:17 And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pound of gold went to one shield: and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.

300 shields, and it talks about his throne. 10:18 Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold. 10:19 The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, and two lions stood beside the stays. 10:20 And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom. 10:21 And all king Solomon's drinking vessels were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; none were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. 10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. 10:23 So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom. 10:24 And all the earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart.

Here we see all of the earth coming to him. If he would have remained faithful how much could have been accomplished. And up until this time the prophecy of the messiah's coming had not been prophesied. It is possible that he could have come earlier in history. It was not until Daniel's time that the timing of His coming was pinpointed. 10:25 And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and garments, and armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year. 10:26 And Solomon gathered together chariots and horsemen: and he had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, whom he bestowed in the cities for chariots, and with the king at Jerusalem. 10:27 And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the vale, for abundance. 10:28 And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the king's merchants received the linen yarn at a price. 10:29 And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did they bring them out by their means.


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Chapter 11 - Solomon’s sin, adversaries, and acted prophecy by Ahijah to Jeroboam 11:1 But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites; 11:2 Of the nations concerning which the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall not go in to them, neither shall they come in unto you: for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods: Solomon clave unto these in love. 11:3 And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines: and his wives turned away his heart. 11:4 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father.

They turned him away from God. He was worshipping the different heathen deities. The worship of Molech was on that required child sacrifices. And he allowed the people to participate and he participated in it. 11:5 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.

Took many wives 11:6 And Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD, and went not fully after the LORD, as did David his father. 11:7 Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon. 11:8 And likewise did he for all his strange wives, which burnt incense and sacrificed unto their gods.

Sacrifice his children 11:9 And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned from the LORD God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice, 11:10 And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods: but he kept not that which the LORD commanded. 11:11 Wherefore the LORD said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant.

He got the message that the kingdom would be rent. 11:12 Notwithstanding in thy days I will not do it for David thy father's sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son.

It would be taken from his son not him. 11:13 Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one tribe to thy son for David my


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servant's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake which I have chosen.

The promise to David was for his family. In order for it to be kept the family had to be in the royal lineage. 11:14 And the LORD stirred up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he was of the king's seed in Edom.

People were raised up to be thorns. 11:15 For it came to pass, when David was in Edom, and Joab the captain of the host was gone up to bury the slain, after he had smitten every male in Edom; 11:16 (For six months did Joab remain there with all Israel, until he had cut off every male in Edom:) 11:17 That Hadad fled, he and certain Edomites of his father's servants with him, to go into Egypt; Hadad being yet a little child. 11:18 And they arose out of Midian, and came to Paran: and they took men with them out of Paran, and they came to Egypt, unto Pharaoh king of Egypt; which gave him an house, and appointed him victuals, and gave him land. 11:19 And Hadad found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him to wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen. 11:20 And the sister of Tahpenes bare him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh's house: and Genubath was in Pharaoh's household among the sons of Pharaoh. 11:21 And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country. 11:22 Then Pharaoh said unto him, But what hast thou lacked with me, that, behold, thou seekest to go to thine own country? And he answered, Nothing: howbeit let me go in any wise. 11:23 And God stirred him up another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliadah, which fled from his lord Hadadezer king of Zobah: 11:24 And he gathered men unto him, and became captain over a band, when David slew them of Zobah: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt therein, and reigned in Damascus. 11:25 And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did: and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Syria. 11:26 And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, Solomon's servant, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow woman, even he lifted up his hand against the king. 11:27 And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father. 11:28 And the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valour: and Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over all the charge of the house of Joseph.

Jerobiam came – you are going to take the 10 tribes


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11:29 And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field:

Ahijah the prophet came to Jeroboam. 11:30 And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces: 11:31 And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee: 11:32 (But he shall have one tribe for my servant David's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:) 11:33 Because that they have forsaken me, and have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the children of Ammon, and have not walked in my ways, to do that which is right in mine eyes, and to keep my statutes and my judgments, as did David his father. 11:34 Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom out of his hand: but I will make him prince all the days of his life for David my servant's sake, whom I chose, because he kept my commandments and my statutes: 11:35 But I will take the kingdom out of his son's hand, and will give it unto thee, even ten tribes. 11:36 And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen me to put my name there. 11:37 And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul desireth, and shalt be king over Israel. 11:38 And it shall be, if thou wilt hearken unto all that I command thee, and wilt walk in my ways, and do that is right in my sight, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as David my servant did; that I will be with thee, and build thee a sure house, as I built for David, and will give Israel unto thee.

This brings out the conditional nature of the covenant. Jeroboam had a chance to do what was right and he would receive the covenant promises, but he rejected them. The end of the chapter tells of Solomon dying and Rehoboam becoming king. 11:39 And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but not for ever. 11:40 Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam. And Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt, unto Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt until the death of Solomon. 11:41 And the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon? 11:42 And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years. 11:43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 12 KEY CHAPTER: It covers the split of the kingdom. 12:1 And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king. 12:2 And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;) 12:3 That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying, 12:4 Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee. 12:5 And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again to me. And the people departed. 12:6 And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people? 12:7 And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever. 12:8 But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and which stood before him: 12:9 And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter? 12:10 And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 12:11 And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 12:12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day. 12:13 And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that they gave him; 12:14 And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 12:15 Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat. 12:16 So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents. 12:17 But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.


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12:18 Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. 12:19 So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. 12:20 And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

Because Rehoboam wouldn't listen to sound counsel he lost the kingdom and Jerobaom became the king of Israel. From now on Israel is the 10 northern tribes. And Judah is the southern tribe, it included Benjamin. Rehoboam was ready to attack and force them into submission. 12:21 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. 12:22 But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying,

God sent Shemiah. 12:23 Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying, 12:24 Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the LORD.

Shemaiah said don't go and fight them. Class question: what happened to the Levites? They had 48 cities. Chronicles told us what they did. The tribe of Levi was the 13th tribe. They were left out because they were not one of the 12 tribes. The Levites went to Judah when the religion was changed in the northern kingdom, so they could be connected with the temple. 12:25 Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel. 12:26 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: 12:27 If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. 12:28 Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. 12:29 And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. 12:30 And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. 12:31 And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. 12:32 And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the


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feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. 12:33 So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.


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Chapter 13 Jeroboam made himself a priest and a prophet came and said the altars would be rent. Jeroboam's hand withered up. This prophet being killed by the lion was a special message for Jeroboam, but he didn't listen. Verse 33 shows this 13:1 And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of the LORD unto Bethel: and Jeroboam stood by the altar to burn incense.

The unnamed prophet 13:2 And he cried against the altar in the word of the LORD, and said, O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD; Behold, a child shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he offer the priests of the high places that burn incense upon thee, and men's bones shall be burnt upon thee.

This is the prophecy that was fulfilled exactly. 13:3 And he gave a sign the same day, saying, This is the sign which the LORD hath spoken; Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the ashes that are upon it shall be poured out.

This prophet knew God had spoken to him, and then he doubted. 13:4 And it came to pass, when king Jeroboam heard the saying of the man of God, which had cried against the altar in Bethel, that he put forth his hand from the altar, saying, Lay hold on him. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him. 13:5 The altar also was rent, and the ashes poured out from the altar, according to the sign which the man of God had given by the word of the LORD. 13:6 And the king answered and said unto the man of God, Intreat now the face of the LORD thy God, and pray for me, that my hand may be restored me again. And the man of God besought the LORD, and the king's hand was restored him again, and became as it was before. 13:7 And the king said unto the man of God, Come home with me, and refresh thyself, and I will give thee a reward. 13:8 And the man of God said unto the king, If thou wilt give me half thine house, I will not go in with thee, neither will I eat bread nor drink water in this place: 13:9 For so was it charged me by the word of the LORD, saying, Eat no bread, nor drink water, nor turn again by the same way that thou camest. 13:10 So he went another way, and returned not by the way that he came to Bethel. 13:11 Now there dwelt an old prophet in Bethel; and his sons came and told him all the works that the man of God had done that day in Bethel: the words which he had spoken unto the king, them they told also to their father. 13:12 And their father said unto them, What way went he? For his sons had seen what way the man of God went, which came from Judah. 13:13 And he said unto his sons, Saddle me the ass. So they saddled him the ass: and he rode thereon,


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13:14 And went after the man of God, and found him sitting under an oak: and he said unto him, Art thou the man of God that camest from Judah? And he said, I am. 13:15 Then he said unto him, Come home with me, and eat bread. 13:16 And he said, I may not return with thee, nor go in with thee: neither will I eat bread nor drink water with thee in this place: 13:17 For it was said to me by the word of the LORD, Thou shalt eat no bread nor drink water there, nor turn again to go by the way that thou camest. 13:18 He said unto him, I am a prophet also as thou art; and an angel spake unto me by the word of the LORD, saying, Bring him back with thee into thine house, that he may eat bread and drink water. But he lied unto him. 13:19 So he went back with him, and did eat bread in his house, and drank water. 13:20 And it came to pass, as they sat at the table, that the word of the LORD came unto the prophet that brought him back: 13:21 And he cried unto the man of God that came from Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast disobeyed the mouth of the LORD, and hast not kept the commandment which the LORD thy God commanded thee, 13:22 But camest back, and hast eaten bread and drunk water in the place, of the which the LORD did say to thee, Eat no bread, and drink no water; thy carcase shall not come unto the sepulchre of thy fathers. 13:23 And it came to pass, after he had eaten bread, and after he had drunk, that he saddled for him the ass, to wit, for the prophet whom he had brought back. 13:24 And when he was gone, a lion met him by the way, and slew him: and his carcase was cast in the way, and the ass stood by it, the lion also stood by the carcase.

This prophet was used by God but God allows him to die. 13:25 And, behold, men passed by, and saw the carcase cast in the way, and the lion standing by the carcase: and they came and told it in the city where the old prophet dwelt. 13:26 And when the prophet that brought him back from the way heard thereof, he said, It is the man of God, who was disobedient unto the word of the LORD: therefore the LORD hath delivered him unto the lion, which hath torn him, and slain him, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake unto him. 13:27 And he spake to his sons, saying, Saddle me the ass. And they saddled him. 13:28 And he went and found his carcase cast in the way, and the ass and the lion standing by the carcase: the lion had not eaten the carcase, nor torn the ass. 13:29 And the prophet took up the carcase of the man of God, and laid it upon the ass, and brought it back: and the old prophet came to the city, to mourn and to bury him. 13:30 And he laid his carcase in his own grave; and they mourned over him, saying, Alas, my brother! 13:31 And it came to pass, after he had buried him, that he spake to his sons, saying, When I am dead, then bury me in the sepulchre wherein the man of God is buried; lay my bones beside his bones:


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13:32 For the saying which he cried by the word of the LORD against the altar in Bethel, and against all the houses of the high places which are in the cities of Samaria, shall surely come to pass. 13:33 After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places. 13:34 And this thing became sin unto the house of Jeroboam, even to cut it off, and to destroy it from off the face of the earth.


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Chapter 14 Jeroboam's son is sick. God told Ahijah that he was coming. 14:1 At that time Abijah the son of Jeroboam fell sick. 14:2 And Jeroboam said to his wife, Arise, I pray thee, and disguise thyself, that thou be not known to be the wife of Jeroboam; and get thee to Shiloh: behold, there is Ahijah the prophet, which told me that I should be king over this people. 14:3 And take with thee ten loaves, and cracknels, and a cruse of honey, and go to him: he shall tell thee what shall become of the child. 14:4 And Jeroboam's wife did so, and arose, and went to Shiloh, and came to the house of Ahijah. But Ahijah could not see; for his eyes were set by reason of his age. 14:5 And the LORD said unto Ahijah, Behold, the wife of Jeroboam cometh to ask a thing of thee for her son; for he is sick: thus and thus shalt thou say unto her: for it shall be, when she cometh in, that she shall feign herself to be another woman. 14:6 And it was so, when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet, as she came in at the door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why feignest thou thyself to be another? for I am sent to thee with heavy tidings. 14:7 Go, tell Jeroboam, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Forasmuch as I exalted thee from among the people, and made thee prince over my people Israel, 14:8 And rent the kingdom away from the house of David, and gave it thee: and yet thou hast not been as my servant David, who kept my commandments, and who followed me with all his heart, to do that only which was right in mine eyes; 14:9 But hast done evil above all that were before thee: for thou hast gone and made thee other gods, and molten images, to provoke me to anger, and hast cast me behind thy back: 14:10 Therefore, behold, I will bring evil upon the house of Jeroboam, and will cut off from Jeroboam him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, and will take away the remnant of the house of Jeroboam, as a man taketh away dung, till it be all gone. 14:11 Him that dieth of Jeroboam in the city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat: for the LORD hath spoken it. 14:12 Arise thou therefore, get thee to thine own house: and when thy feet enter into the city, the child shall die.

He prophesied that the child would die when she goes back home. 14:13 And all Israel shall mourn for him, and bury him: for he only of Jeroboam shall come to the grave, because in him there is found some good thing toward the LORD God of Israel in the house of Jeroboam. 14:14 Moreover the LORD shall raise him up a king over Israel, who shall cut off the house of Jeroboam that day: but what? even now. 14:15 For the LORD shall smite Israel, as a reed is shaken in the water, and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river, because they have


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made their groves, provoking the LORD to anger.

Back on the other side of Euphrates because of their sins. Jeroboam dies and Shushack comes up. Many left Israel and went back to Judah. And Chronicles said that they strengthened Rehoboam. And for 3 years things went well, and then Rehoboam went into apostasy. 14:16 And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin. 14:17 And Jeroboam's wife arose, and departed, and came to Tirzah: and when she came to the threshold of the door, the child died; 14:18 And they buried him; and all Israel mourned for him, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by the hand of his servant Ahijah the prophet. 14:19 And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he warred, and how he reigned, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 14:20 And the days which Jeroboam reigned were two and twenty years: and he slept with his fathers, and Nadab his son reigned in his stead. 14:21 And Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD did choose out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother's name was Naamah an Ammonitess. 14:22 And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they had committed, above all that their fathers had done. 14:23 For they also built them high places, and images, and groves, on every high hill, and under every green tree. 14:24 And there were also sodomites in the land: and they did according to all the abominations of the nations which the LORD cast out before the children of Israel. 14:25 And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem:

This account is covered in more detail in Chronicles. God didn't let Shusack destroy them because they repented. He let them take things away. In Kings it says Abijam became king and in Chronicles it says Abijah. They are the same person. 14:26 And he took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house; he even took away all: and he took away all the shields of gold which Solomon had made. 14:27 And king Rehoboam made in their stead brasen shields, and committed them unto the hands of the chief of the guard, which kept the door of the king's house. 14:28 And it was so, when the king went into the house of the LORD, that the guard bare them, and brought them back into the guard chamber. 14:29 Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 14:30 And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all their days.


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14:31 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David. And his mother's name was Naamah an Ammonitess. And Abijam his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to Ecclesiates


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Chapter 15 Quiz: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) 6.)

Who was king of Judah during the reign of Nadab, Basha, Eli, Zimri and Omni in Israel? Asa Basha was a son or grandson of Jeroboam? True or false? false What father and son were the most evil kings of Israel so far in the reading? Omri & Ahab What invading nation did God help Judah defeat against great odds? Ethiopians What evil thing did Asa do? Reject the SOP. What prophet came to Israel with a message of no rain? Elijah

Gods purpose for Israel PK 15 It was for the purpose of bringing the best gifts of Heaven to all the peoples of earth that God called Abraham out from his idolatrous kindred and bade him dwell in the land of Canaan.

This should be our focus as spirtual Israel. The Vinyeard = Root = Israel, Fruit = the Word. PK 19 As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders until their kingdom should embrace the world.

Its was God design that all the surrounding nations would be converted and that it would incresase until the whole world was converted. (Edom, Moab, Syria) If we are willing to to share we will gain, if we keep it we will lose it. PP 22 The story of Israel's call, of their successes and failures, of their restoration to divine favor, of their rejection of the Master of the vineyard, and of the carrying out of the plan of the ages by a goodly remnant to whom are to be fulfilled all the covenant promises--this has been the theme of God's messengers to His church throughout the centuries that have passed.

In Prophets and Kings in the introduction it quotes the covenant made with Abraham. And it never was just for Israel. PK 15 It was for the purpose of bringing the best gifts of Heaven to all the peoples of earth that God called Abraham out from his idolatrous kindred and bade him dwell in the land of Canaan. "I will make of thee a great nation," He said, "and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing." Genesis 12:2. It was a high honor to which Abraham was called--that of being the father of the people who for centuries were to be the guardians and preservers of the truth of God to the world, the people through whom all the nations of the earth should be blessed in the advent of the promised Messiah.

By people focusing on Israel still be the chosen people and something still having to happen over there ignores the whole purpose of Israel. Their purpose was to be representatives to the whole world. What happens in Israel is beside the point. They don't follow Christ and they will not receive the OT promises if they don't. If Israel would have stayed faithful they would not be the only ones to receive the promises either. It would have been world-wide PK 19 All who, like Rahab the Canaanite and Ruth the Moabitess, turned from idolatry to the worship of the true God were to unite themselves with His chosen people. As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders until their kingdom should embrace the world.


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God never intended to limit it to Israel. This selfish desire lead them to reject Christ. When we get into the Old Testament prophets we must remember that the last day prophet tells us the them. "The story of Israel's call, of their successes and failures, of their restoration to divine favor, of their rejection of the Master of the vineyard, and of the carrying out of the plan of the ages by a goodly remnant to whom are to be fulfilled all the covenant promises--this has been the theme of God's messengers to His church throughout the centuries that have passed." The theme of the prophets was God's call to Israel, their opportunity, and how in the end the goodly remnant will find the fulfillment of all the covenant promises. This is the theme of the prophets. PK 22 Let Israel hope in God. The Master of the vineyard is even now gathering from among men of all nations and peoples the precious fruits for which He has long been waiting. Soon He will come unto His own; and in that glad day His eternal purpose for the house of Israel will finally be fulfilled. "He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit." Verse 6.

Israel was suppose to be the root and the rest of the world should be the fruit. But SDA's don’t realize this either. We think we are the fruit. 15:1-9

Reign of the kings of Judah. Father is David refers to forefather.

15:1 Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat reigned Abijam over Judah.

Chronicles calls him Abijah, they are the same person. Rehoboam was his father. 15:2 Three years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. 15:3 And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father. 15:4 Nevertheless for David's sake did the LORD his God give him a lamp in Jerusalem, to set up his son after him, and to establish Jerusalem: 15:5 Because David did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD, and turned not aside from any thing that he commanded him all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite. 15:6 And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of his life. 15:7 Now the rest of the acts of Abijam, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? And there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam. 15:8 And Abijam slept with his fathers; and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. 15:9 And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa over Judah.

Asa was the third king of Judah. First was Rehoboam. Second: Abijam (2 years). Third: Asa (while Jeroboam was still king in Israel)


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15:10 And forty and one years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom.

He was king for 41 years. 15:11 And Asa did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did David his father. 15:12 And he took away the sodomites out of the land, and removed all the idols that his fathers had made. 15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron.

Chronicles shows that Asa had two reformations under him. He didn't have heart to move his mother in the first one. His mother was full of idolatry. 15:14 But the high places were not removed: nevertheless Asa's heart was perfect with the LORD all his days. 15:15 And he brought in the things which his father had dedicated, and the things which himself had dedicated, into the house of the LORD, silver, and gold, and vessels. 15:16 And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. 15:17 And Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and built Ramah, that he might not suffer any to go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. 15:18 Then Asa took all the silver and the gold that were left in the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house, and delivered them into the hand of his servants: and king Asa sent them to Benhadad, the son of Tabrimon, the son of Hezion, king of Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying,

Benhaded. He made a proposal for an alliance. 15:19 There is a league between me and thee, and between my father and thy father: behold, I have sent unto thee a present of silver and gold; come and break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me.

He is saying break your alliance with him and join me. They are attacking me. 15:20 So Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of the hosts which he had against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelbethmaachah, and all Cinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali. 15:21 And it came to pass, when Baasha heard thereof, that he left off building of Ramah, and dwelt in Tirzah.

It was successful. Ramah was 5 miles from Jerusalem. This was the headquarters for Judah. And the Kings of Israel was building a fortification 5 miles away. 15:22 Then king Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was exempted: and they took away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha had builded; and king Asa built with them Geba of Benjamin, and Mizpah.


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15:23 The rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he built, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Nevertheless in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet. 15:24 And Asa slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead.

Asa died. Jehosophat reigned. It jumped back 40 years to the King of Israel. 15:25 And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned over Israel two years. 15:26 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.

Basha comes on the scene 15:27 And Baasha the son of Ahijah, of the house of Issachar, conspired against him; and Baasha smote him at Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines; for Nadab and all Israel laid siege to Gibbethon. 15:28 Even in the third year of Asa king of Judah did Baasha slay him, and reigned in his stead.

Basha slew Adab. 15:29 And it came to pass, when he reigned, that he smote all the house of Jeroboam; he left not to Jeroboam any that breathed, until he had destroyed him, according unto the saying of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite:

Nadab was Jeroboam's son. He cut off all this descendents. Ahijah was the prophet that spoke to Jeroboam's wife and said his whole household would be wiped out. 15:30 Because of the sins of Jeroboam which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his provocation wherewith he provoked the LORD God of Israel to anger. 15:31 Now the rest of the acts of Nadab, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 15:32 And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. 15:33 In the third year of Asa king of Judah began Baasha the son of Ahijah to reign over all Israel in Tirzah, twenty and four years. 15:34 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.


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Chapter 16 16:1 Then the word of the LORD came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying,

Jehu went against Baasha 16:2 Forasmuch as I exalted thee out of the dust, and made thee prince over my people Israel; and thou hast walked in the way of Jeroboam, and hast made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me to anger with their sins; 16:3 Behold, I will take away the posterity of Baasha, and the posterity of his house; and will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

There is a principle here. He who lives by the sword dies by the sword. Baasha exterminated Jeroboam's house, he does evil and now the same thing happened to his house. 16:4 Him that dieth of Baasha in the city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth of his in the fields shall the fowls of the air eat. 16:5 Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 16:6 So Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in Tirzah: and Elah his son reigned in his stead.

It happened while his son was alive. 16:7 And also by the hand of the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani came the word of the LORD against Baasha, and against his house, even for all the evil that he did in the sight of the LORD, in provoking him to anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam; and because he killed him.

What Jehu said would happen now. 16:8 In the twenty and sixth year of Asa king of Judah began Elah the son of Baasha to reign over Israel in Tirzah, two years. 16:9 And his servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired against him, as he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza steward of his house in Tirzah.

Zimri was the captain. 16:10 And Zimri went in and smote him, and killed him, in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his stead. 16:11 And it came to pass, when he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him not one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his friends. 16:12 Thus did Zimri destroy all the house of Baasha, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake against Baasha by Jehu the prophet,

Whole house destroyed. It happened faster for Zimri. The principle you live by the sword happened quicker. He reigned 7 days.


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16:13 For all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, by which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, in provoking the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities. 16:14 Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 16:15 In the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah did Zimri reign seven days in Tirzah. And the people were encamped against Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines. 16:16 And the people that were encamped heard say, Zimri hath conspired, and hath also slain the king: wherefore all Israel made Omri, the captain of the host, king over Israel that day in the camp.

This verse tells why. He killed the king, but he didn't have the support of the people. So they made Omri king. 16:17 And Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and they besieged Tirzah.

Omri besieged the city where Zimri was. 16:18 And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, that he went into the palace of the king's house, and burnt the king's house over him with fire, and died, 16:19 For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin. 16:20 Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 16:21 Then were the people of Israel divided into two parts: half of the people followed Tibni the son of Ginath, to make him king; and half followed Omri.

Shows a lot of people wanted another king. 16:22 But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people that followed Tibni the son of Ginath: so Tibni died, and Omri reigned.

In this civil war Omri won. 16:23 In the thirty and first year of Asa king of Judah began Omri to reign over Israel, twelve years: six years reigned he in Tirzah. 16:24 And he bought the hill Samaria of Shemer for two talents of silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, after the name of Shemer, owner of the hill, Samaria.

He bought the hill of Samria. Important: Later when we read the prophets it will talk about the hill of Samaria. This became the capital of Israel. The prophets refer to Israel as Samaria, and the mean the whole nation. 16:25 But Omri wrought evil in the eyes of the LORD, and did worse than all that were before him.

Omri was worst then Jerobaom. 16:26 For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities.


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16:27 Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did, and his might that he shewed, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 16:28 So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his stead. 16:29 And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to reign over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years. 16:30 And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above all that were before him.

Ahab worse 16:31 And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him.

He took Jezebel. When Jerobaom became king and set up the golden calves. He was different than Ahab. He recognized that there was a God of heaven, he wanted to worship God his way, and he wanted the calves to represent God. But now Ahab said let's worship Baal. Over the years the people were prepared to forsake the real God. Before they were worshipping incorrectly, now they worshipped another deity. (*PO our people are being prepared through worshipping incorrectly to ultimately worship Baal. Worship on Sunday. Celebration movement, living in sin, etc.) Jezebel is a symbol of the papacy in Revelation 2. What does no rain represent? We are looking for the latter rain but we don't have it yet. (study). We see the bread and water will be sure principle in here. 16:32 And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria.

Samaria became the center of the new religion. Chronicles gives more detail because it covers Judah and doesn't jump back and forth. 16:33 And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him. 16:34 In his days did Hiel the Bethelite build Jericho: he laid the foundation thereof in Abiram his firstborn, and set up the gates thereof in his youngest son Segub, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by Joshua the son of Nun.


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Chapter 17 In Chapter 16:30 We have the account of Ahab being the worse king yet. And Jezebel turned him to Baal worship. When Jeroboam made the idols, the people still honored the Sabbath, but it was weakened. But it would be easier to disregard it now. This is what NT does it brings in other things, so the Sabbath wouldn't be a big thing. You disregard God in so many other things. Jeroboam move softened the people and prepared the way for Baal worship. In Baal worship they worshipped the sun. Very likely when the switched to Baal worship they could have switched their allegiance from worshipping on the Sabbath to Sunday. The process was in motion and reached a point to be common practice (Study!! But that is powerful) Apostasy and heresy doesn't have to make sense. They also could have been honoring both days. And it was at this time God sent Elijah Chapter 16:33 PK 116 Alas, how had the glory of Israel departed! Never before had the chosen people of God fallen so low in apostasy. Of "the prophets of Baal" there were "four hundred and fifty," besides four hundred "prophets of the groves." 1 Kings 18:19. Nothing short of the miracle-working power of God could preserve the nation from utter destruction. Israel had voluntarily separated herself from Jehovah, yet the Lord in compassion still yearned after those who had been led into sin, and He was about to send to them one of the mightiest of His prophets, through whom many were to be led back to allegiance to the God of their fathers.

It says that the glory has departed. Many today are saying that it is equal to the church becoming Babylon, or that probation has closed. It means that you have steep apostasy, but Israel didn't become Babylon. When you see this turn you know that serious judgment are coming from God upon the people. 17:1 And Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the inhabitants of Gilead, said unto Ahab, As the LORD God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word.

When the split happened. Syria was under the control of Israel, but after the split. Syria and Ammon became free nations again. But Israel controlled Moab up to Elijah. And Judah controlled Edom. Deuter 11:17 was a place where Moses showed the conditions of the covenant. If you are faithful you will have rain, but if you reject Him, He would not send rain. Deut 28:1-14 this was repeated, they could have rain. V.15 showed what happened if they would not be faithful. V.23-24 said the heavens would be as brass. So when Elijah came and said that there would be no rain, he is just pointing out that this is what God said during the time of Moses. And this is just saying that Israel was in apostasy. 2 BC 1033 Before he [Ahab] could recover from his astonishment or frame a reply, Elijah disappeared, taking with him the key of heaven. . . . His word had locked up the treasures of heaven, and his word only could open them again

Baal was considered to be the god of nature. So when he said there would be no rain it was a direct challenge against him.


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17:2 And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, 17:3 Get thee hence, and turn thee eastward, and hide thyself by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan. 17:4 And it shall be, that thou shalt drink of the brook; and I have commanded the ravens to feed thee there.

The ravens 17:5 So he went and did according unto the word of the LORD: for he went and dwelt by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan.

Gave flesh, Eljijah does not leave the brook till God tells him. 17:6 And the ravens brought him bread and flesh in the morning, and bread and flesh in the evening; and he drank of the brook.

How many times did he eat? 2 times a day. This is significant for the end time Elijah people. SOP: This is not to be a test, but he was an example. We can get some insights from the Bible. 17:7 And it came to pass after a while, that the brook dried up, because there had been no rain in the land.

While everything was drying up that if Baal was true it could be proven. PK 124 God's message to Ahab gave Jezebel and her priests and all the followers of Baal and Ashtoreth opportunity to test the power of their gods, and, if possible, to prove the word of Elijah false. PK 126 Jezebel utterly refused to recognize the drought as a judgment from Jehovah. Unyielding in her determination to defy the God of heaven, she, with nearly the whole of Israel, united in denouncing Elijah as the cause of all their misery. Had he not borne testimony against their forms of worship? If only he could be put out of the way, she argued, the anger of their gods would be appeased, and their troubles would end.

Why was all of Israel a part of this? It was because the spirit of self justification comes naturally. (Many end time applications; we cover the story then the applications). 17:8 And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying,

He step by step follows God. The story is twisted to make Elijah look like the problem. 17:9 Arise, get thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to Zidon, and dwell there: behold, I have commanded a widow woman there to sustain thee.

Widow of Zeraphath 17:10 So he arose and went to Zarephath. And when he came to the gate of the city, behold, the widow woman was there gathering of sticks: and he called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink. 17:11 And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread in thine hand.


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She was not just discouraged. Children where already dying. PK 127 The second year of famine passed, and still the pitiless heavens gave no sign of rain. Drought and famine continued their devastation throughout the kingdom. Fathers and mothers, powerless to relieve the sufferings of their children, were forced to see them die. Yet still apostate Israel refused to humble their hearts before God and continued to murmur against the man by whose word these terrible judgments had been brought upon them. They seemed unable to discern in their suffering and distress a call to repentance, a divine interposition to save them from taking the fatal step beyond the boundary of Heaven's forgiveness. The apostasy of Israel was an evil more dreadful than all the multiplied horrors of famine. God was seeking to free the people from their delusion and lead them to understand their accountability to the One to whom they owed their life and all things. He was trying to help them to recover their lost faith, and He must needs bring upon them great affliction.

If God didn't do something serious to cause true affliction, the people would go beyond the bounds of hearing the Holy Spirit. This was an act of love, it was the last resort to wake them up. 17:12 And she said, As the LORD thy God liveth, I have not a cake, but an handful of meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a cruse: and, behold, I am gathering two sticks, that I may go in and dress it for me and my son, that we may eat it, and die.

This lady was not an Israelite but she was worshipping the God of Israel, without all of the light that she knew. 17:13 And Elijah said unto her, Fear not; go and do as thou hast said: but make me thereof a little cake first, and bring it unto me, and after make for thee and for thy son.

Now Eljijah is now eating bread – Changing the diet. Eljijah was very sorrowful about his own people (PK 127). 17:14 For thus saith the LORD God of Israel, The barrel of meal shall not waste, neither shall the cruse of oil fail, until the day that the LORD sendeth rain upon the earth. 17:15 And she went and did according to the saying of Elijah: and she, and he, and her house, did eat many days.

She showed great faith. 17:16 And the barrel of meal wasted not, neither did the cruse of oil fail, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by Elijah. 17:17 And it came to pass after these things, that the son of the woman, the mistress of the house, fell sick; and his sickness was so sore, that there was no breath left in him. 17:18 And she said unto Elijah, What have I to do with thee, O thou man of God? art thou come unto me to call my sin to remembrance, and to slay my son? 17:19 And he said unto her, Give me thy son. And he took him out of her bosom, and carried him up into a loft, where he abode, and laid him upon his own bed. 17:20 And he cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, hast thou also brought evil upon the widow with whom I sojourn, by slaying her son?


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17:21 And he stretched himself upon the child three times, and cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, I pray thee, let this child's soul come into him again.

The word 'soul' here when you compare it with v.17 is his breath. (Objection: When the Bible was translated they believed the soul left the body, that is why it makes it seem like the soul is independent that could leave and come.) But the comparison makes it clear. What went out is what he wants to come back in. Point: Other translations. NIV said let the child's life come back in him (the cursed bible). Soul here could have accurately been translated as breath. 17:22 And the LORD heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. 17:23 And Elijah took the child, and brought him down out of the chamber into the house, and delivered him unto his mother: and Elijah said, See, thy son liveth. 17:24 And the woman said to Elijah, Now by this I know that thou art a man of God, and that the word of the LORD in thy mouth is truth.


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Chapter 18 Kishon = Megiddo– Judges 5:19 Megiddo = slaughter, no survivors Rev 16:14 Armageddon, Apostasy – Jezebel Training of Elijah – restoring the family Mt Carmel (False Prophets) bring down fire Destruction of the false system Little Cloud – and the rain

Applications 

Reign of the papacy for 1260 years (1)

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Commandments of God an issue in the last days. (18)

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Elijah message calls those out of Babylon to accept three angel’s message, and remaining wicked are slaughtered (37-40)

18:1 And it came to pass after many days, that the word of the LORD came to Elijah in the third year, saying, Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain upon the earth.

James 5:17 makes it clear that it was 3 years and 6 months. Reign of the papacy for 1260 years James 5:17 shows it was a literal 3 ½ years. This was symbolic for the reign of the papacy that was 3 ½ prophetic years. In which their was a famine for the word of God. The church was in the wilderness like Elijah. 18:2 And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And there was a sore famine in Samaria. 18:3 And Ahab called Obadiah, which was the governor of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly: PK 127 Failing in her efforts against Elijah, Jezebel determined to avenge herself by slaying all the prophets of Jehovah in Israel. Not one should be left alive. The infuriated woman carried out her purpose in the massacre of many of God's servants. Not all, however, perished. Obadiah, the governor of Ahab's house, yet faithful to God, "took an hundred prophets," and at the risk of his own life, "hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water." 1 Kings 18:4

Jezebel is a symbol of the Papacy. PK 138

Obadiah was faithful 18:4 For it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the LORD, that Obadiah took an hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.) 18:5 And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go into the land, unto all fountains of water, and unto all brooks: peradventure we may find grass to save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the beasts.


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Everything was dieing. 18:6 So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself. 18:7 And as Obadiah was in the way, behold, Elijah met him: and he knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou that my lord Elijah? 18:8 And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here. 18:9 And he said, What have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?

Told to go get Elijah 18:10 As the LORD thy God liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent to seek thee: and when they said, He is not there; he took an oath of the kingdom and nation, that they found thee not. 18:11 And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here. 18:12 And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of the LORD shall carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth. 18:13 Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the LORD, how I hid an hundred men of the LORD'S prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water? 18:14 And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall slay me. 18:15 And Elijah said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, I will surely shew myself unto him to day. 18:16 So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to meet Elijah. 18:17 And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him, Art thou he that troubleth Israel? 18:18 And he answered, I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father's house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed Baalim. PK 141 "Thou art the man." 2 Samuel 12:7. Words as unmistakably plain as these spoken by Nathan to David are seldom heard in the pulpits of today, seldom seen in the public press. If they were not so rare, we should see more of the power of God revealed among men. The Lord's messengers should not complain that their efforts are without fruit until they repent of their own love of approbation and their desire to please men, which leads them to suppress truth.

Good points about preaching and motives. No rain because you have forsaken the law Commandments of God an issue in the last days We want people to like us, and this keeps us from saying what we need to say. Elijah pointed out to Ahab that he forsook the commandments of God. The keeping of the commandments is an issue in the end time work with the Elijah movement. In Daniel 7:25 he thought to change times and laws.


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18:19 Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel's table.

PK Elijah chose mount carmel. Why? Mt Carmel could be seen from all over Israel, was a place of worship, and water. PK 144 Carmel overlooked a wide expanse of country; its heights were visible from many parts of the kingdom of Israel. At the foot of the mount there were vantage points from which could be seen much of what took place above. God had been signally dishonored by the idolatrous worship carried on under cover of its wooded slopes; and Elijah chose this elevation as the most conspicuous place for the display of God's power and for the vindication of the honor of His name. 18:20 So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel. 18:21 And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? if the LORD be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

Out of the whole crowd he didn't get one amen. Worse to be neutral in the time of crisis. 18:22 Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a prophet of the LORD; but Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men. 18:23 Let them therefore give us two bullocks; and let them choose one bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: 18:24 And call ye on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the LORD: and the God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and said, It is well spoken. 18:25 And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire under. 18:26 And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made.

Called Baal all morning…Prophets of Baal was trying to kindle a fire. 18:27 And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked. 18:28 And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them. 18:29 And it came to pass, when midday was past, and they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded. PK 150 Gladly would Satan have come to the help of those whom he had deceived, and who were devoted to his service. Gladly would he have sent the lightning to kindle their sacrifice. But Jehovah has set Satan's bounds, restrained his power, and not all the enemy's devices can convey one spark to Baal's altar. At last, their voices hoarse with shouting, their garments stained with blood from selfinflicted wounds, the priests become desperate. With unabated frenzy they now mingle with their pleading terrible cursings of their sun-god, and Elijah continues to watch intently; for he knows that


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if by any device the priests should succeed in kindling their altar fire, he would instantly be torn in pieces. 18:30 And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near unto me. And all the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of the LORD that was broken down. 18:31 And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying, Israel shall be thy name: 18:32 And with the stones he built an altar in the name of the LORD: and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed. 18:33 And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and laid him on the wood, and said, Fill four barrels with water, and pour it on the burnt sacrifice, and on the wood. 18:34 And he said, Do it the second time. And they did it the second time. And he said, Do it the third time. And they did it the third time. 18:35 And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the trench also with water. 18:36 And it came to pass at the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all these things at thy word.

He wanted them to know that he didn't so any of this for himself, he was doing what God asked him. He has done his rebuking now he is praying that they repent. Notice God is still the God of Israel 18:37 Hear me, O LORD, hear me, that this people may know that thou art the LORD God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again.

Elijah message calls those out of Babylon to accept three angel’s message, and remaining wicked are slaughtered 1 Kings 18:38-39 [38] Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. [39] And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God.

This is Elijah's work. He was to bring the people to accept the truth, and this corresponds with the 3 Angel's messages. In this verse the people turn to God. After the 3 angel's message is given people will say the Lord is God. Mal 4:5-6 [5] ¶ Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: [6] And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.

SOP 'Elijah message' when you look it up it is connected with the 3 angel's messages. And people think this message is just to rebuke church leadership. It is to rebuke the whole world and the church. 1 Kings 18:40 And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.


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After the loud cry of Rev 18 come out of Babylon. “Brook Kishon'” – Where is this brook at? Judges 5:19, 21 [19] The kings came [and] fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money. [21] The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength."

This was the battle of Cisear. In Chapter 4:16 it says there was not a man left. There were no survivors. In this story it says don't let one of the priests escape. There were no survivors. This is the imagery that John uses in Revelation 16:14. The priests of Baal were symbols of the forces of darkness at the end. Rev 16:16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.

“Armageddon” root word is Megiddo. This is where the prophets of Baal were slaughtered with no survivors. And Ar means mountain. John is trying to bring to mind of the readers mount carmel and the slaughter of the priests of Baal on the plain of Megiddo at the river of Kishon. He uses this to describe the destruction of the wicked at the end. How many will be left? None. Rev 16:19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.

Jezebel is symbol of the papacy and Babylon. Here the priests of Babylon or all the wicked, fill up their cup with the wrath of God. Revelation 19:11-19 repeat the same passage. 18:38 Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. 18:39 And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God.

PK the people thought the whole mountain was illuminated. PK " The priests of Baal witness with consternation the wonderful revelation of Jehovah's power. Yet even in their discomfiture and in the presence of divine glory, they refuse to repent of their evil-doing. They would still remain the prophets of Baal. Thus they showed themselves ripe for destruction." 18:40 And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

Repentance must be followed by reform, they would have remained false prophets, 18:41 And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is a sound of abundance of rain. 18:42 So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees, 18:43 And said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times. 18:44 And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man's hand. And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down, that


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the rain stop thee not.

Why did God make them wait until the 7th time before evidence was given that rain was coming? CC 212 He wants us to have all our interests interwoven with His interests, and then He can safely bless us; for we shall not then take glory to self when the blessing is ours, but shall render all the praise to God. God does not always answer our prayers the first time we call upon Him; for should He do this, we might take it for granted that we had a right to all the blessings and favors He bestowed upon us. Instead of searching our hearts to see if any evil was entertained by us, any sin indulged, we should become careless, and fail to realize our dependence upon Him, and our need of help.

Elijah humbled himself until he was in a condition where he would not take the glory to himself. This is the condition upon which the Lord hears prayer, for then we shall give the praise to Him. The custom of offering praise to men is one that results in great evil. One praises another, and thus men are led to feel that glory and honor belong to them. When you exalt man, you lay a snare for his soul, and do just as Satan would have you. . . . God alone is worthy to be glorified." This is the condition of those who will go through the judgment of the living. You are no friend if you praise me. 2 BC 1035 The servant watched while Elijah prayed. Six times he returned from the watch, saying, There is nothing, no cloud, no sign of rain. But the prophet did not give up in discouragement. He kept reviewing his life, to see where he had failed to honor God, he confessed his sins, and thus continued to afflict his soul before God, while watching for a token that his prayer was answered. As he searched his heart, he seemed to be less and less, both in his own estimation and in the sight of God. It seemed to him that he was nothing, and that God was everything; and when he reached the point of renouncing self, while he clung to the Saviour as his only strength and righteousness, the answer came. The servant appeared, and said, "Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man's hand" (RH May 26, 1891).

God made him search his heart. He was in danger of thinking he is something great. 18:45 And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel. 18:46 And the hand of the LORD was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.


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Chapter 19 Serons: 'Anoint Hazael' (cover why he was anointed and how it ties in to the last days, and how God will raise up Apostasy, etc.) Quiz: 1. By what brook where the prophets of Baal slain? Kishon 2. Why did God make Elijah pray 7 times before answering his prayer for rain? He was in danger of being exalted. 3. By what action did Elijah still acknowledge Ahab as Israel's king even though he was in deep apostasy? Being a runner before him. 4. What lesson did God seek to teach Elijah by coming to him in a still small voice? The real success in doing God's work is not seen in a great demonstration, it is done through the power of the Holy Ghost. 5. Who did Elijah anoint to become a king of Syria for the purpose of punishing Israel? Hazael 6. Upon what key truth did PK chapter 14 bring out as a major work as Elijah for the last days? 7. What Syrian king fought against Ahab and at one time was let go? 8. Key texts that show that the river of Kishon is called the waters of Megiddo: Judges 5:19-21; 4:13-17 9. Text that shows the priests of Baal were slaughtered at the brook kishon: 1 Kings 18:40 10. Text that shows disobedience will result in no rain: Deut 11:13-17; 28:15, 23-24 11. Text for end time Elijah: Mal 4:5 12. Who prophesied Ahab's death? Micaiah 13. Who prophesied deliverance for Jehosophat in Judah? Jahaziel 14. Who was defeated by God in this battle? Ammon, Moab, and Edom (Mt. Seir) Review: KEY CHAPTER: 1 Kings 18 – Mount Carmel story. (there are end time parallels that Revelation uses and the SOP.) *Key Texts: Revelation 2:20 – Jezebel is a symbol of the papacy. *Deuter 11:13-17; 28:15, 23, 24 – They prophesy no rain if Israel was disobedient. *James 5:17 – 3 ½ years; This represents the period of papal supremacy. Elijah is a man of like passions as we. *1 Kings 18:40 – Prophets of Baal slain at brook Kishon (connects with *Judges 5:19-21 [waters of Megiddo]; Judges 4:13-16; Revelation 16:14, 16-20 7th plague is destruction of wicked at Armageddon which means mountain of slaughter. Like carmel.) *Mal 4:5-6 – An Elijah prophet will come for the end time. Rev 14:6-12 is the Elijah message for the end time. The end of chapter 18 gives the action of Elijah that shows Ahab was still king. He was a runner before his chariot. 19:1 And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he had slain all the prophets with the sword.

Elijah thought that Jezebel would be ready to do what God said. He thought there would be a great revival. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Everything was not yet done to have a revival. They weren't ready because the key figures weren't ready. 19:2 Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying, So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to morrow about this time. 19:3 And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beersheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there. 19:4 But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree: and he requested for himself that he might die; and said, It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers. 19:5 And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat. 19:6 And he looked, and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals, and a cruse of water at his head. And he did eat and drink, and laid him down again. 19:7 And the angel of the LORD came again the second time, and touched him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee. 19:8 And he arose, and did eat and drink, and went in the strength of that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God.

This is mount Sinai. He was on foot going a long distance. PK made it clear that the Lord didn't send him to Mt. Horeb. 19:9 And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the LORD came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thou here, Elijah?

When Elijah ran he didn't feel like a good man. he felt hopeless. We see a parallel with those who will run in the last days. (BSM: Parallels of the Bible are loose, it is not usually every detail. Don't make parallels more detailed then they need to be.) He wasn't read to die yet. PK 160 – If he would have stood up to Jezebel, he would have been delivered and she would have received judgments. That would have brought the lesson home further from Mt. Carmel. It would have broke Jezebel's grasp on Ahab and he would have lead to a great revival. Even though God knew what was lost, he loved Elijah and cared for him, there is no record of him getting mad. PK 160 Elijah had expected much from the miracle wrought on Carmel. He had hoped that after this display of God's power, Jezebel would no longer have influence over the mind of Ahab, and that there would be a speedy reform throughout Israel. But a reaction such as frequently follows high faith and glorious success was pressing upon Elijah. He feared that the reformation begun on Carmel might not be lasting; and depression seized him. He had been exalted to Pisgah's top; now he was in the valley. While under the inspiration of the Almighty, he had stood the severest trial of faith; but in this time of discouragement, with Jezebel's threat sounding in his ears, and Satan still apparently prevailing through the plotting of this wicked woman, he lost his hold on God. He had been exalted above measure, and the reaction was tremendous. Forgetting God, Elijah fled 19:10 And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.


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19:11 And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the LORD. And, behold, the LORD passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the LORD; but the LORD was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the LORD was not in the earthquake: 19:12 And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice. 19:13 And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?

POWERFUL!!! PK Elijah had felt that a great demonstration was done and it should have changed everything. It didn’t change things to his expectation. Now God gives him a great demonstration of wind, earthquake, and fire. But He wasn't there. Then He comes in a still small voice. Elijah had to learn that the real key to success in doing God's work is the Holy Spirit. And the Holy Spirit can't be seen and He doesn't reveal Himself in a great demonstration, and even in a great sermon. PK 168 He desired to teach Elijah that it is not always the work that makes the greatest demonstration that is most successful in accomplishing His purpose. It is not always the most learned presentation of God's truth that convicts and converts the soul. Not by eloquence or logic are men's hearts reached, but by the sweet influences of the Holy Spirit, which operate quietly yet surely in transforming and developing character. It is the still, small voice of the Spirit of God that has power to change the heart.

God is bringing Elijah deeper into understanding the “ways of God.” Then God asked him again. Why are you here? 19:14 And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away. 19:15 And the LORD said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria:

In 5T (70's and 80's; get quotes) She said like Hazael was anointed to be a scourge to Israel. God is raising up false teachers in Adventism that would be a scourge to the people. And the purpose of the Hazael's is that when God brings in heresy, the people who want to believe a lie will believe a lie and this reveals where they stand so they can be condemned, and those who don't want to believe will wake up and defend the faith with the straight testimony. God will cause Hazael's (false teachers in Adventism) to be raised up to bring the testimony because the church is so lukewarm, He has to do something before the church dies. EGW uses Hazael to represent those who will bring in Heresy to God's remnant church in the end times to force the straight testimony to come up to those who will look to God. Jehu was anointed to be king over Israel. He didn't do it directly. Ahab's son went to the throne first. Elisha was anointed to be a prophet. God appointed 3 people to help Elijah in his work. Hazael of Syria (that God told him to anoint) 19:16 And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat


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of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.

Jehu to be king over Israel (later down the line). Elisha was to be the next prophet. These three names will be very prominent towards the end. 19:17 And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay.

He wasn't anointing him to be a friend. But he was anointed to be an enemy. And Jehu is a different case because he is the king of Israel but he will be killing Israelites. And then Elisha would slay. 19:18 Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.

Seven thousand left. Now go to Psalms 12. Psa 12:1 Help, LORD; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men.

He felt like he was the only one. PK 174 Nothing is apparently more helpless, yet really more invincible, than the soul that feels its nothingness and relies wholly on God. 1 Kings 19:13 …What doest thou here?

This is what Elijah was learning. Some see Psalms 12 as a good description of how Elijah felt. Psa 12:7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.

This psalms covers from where he thought he was the only one to understanding that God has preserved many of His followers. This applies to the 144,000. Psa 12:8 The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted.

There is a contrast here between those God can keep the wicked majority who are bowing to Baal. PK 177 No outward shrine may be visible; there may be no image for the eye to rest upon; yet thousands are following after the gods of this world--after riches, fame, pleasure, and the pleasing fables that permit man to follow the inclinations of the unregenerate heart. Multitude have a wrong conception of God and His attributes, and are as truly serving a false god as were the worshipers of Baal." Read in the spirit and power of Elijah.

Ellen white draws a parallel between Elijah's life work and those in the last days. Speaks of idolatry that is prevalent today. She lists four that are idols today. When pleasure seeking and riches are taken to excess they are idols. You can put innocent things above God and that is an idol, but anything sinful is automatically an idol. This can happen to those who study their bibles like the Pharisee's. We can use God's name and worship a conception of God that doesn't exist and that makes us idolaters like extreme legalism (see His justice more than His mercy.) and liberal (God who tolerates sin; that is not the character of God. It deifies sin) both change who God is. It is more subtle today. The emphasis of this chapter is the restoration of the Sabbath and repairing the breach in God's law.


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PK 183-184 (Quote on what the devil said in a meeting) PK 187-188 The time is not far distant when the test will come to every soul. The observance of the false Sabbath will be urged upon us. The contest will be between the commandments of God and the commandments of men. Those who have yielded step by step to worldly demands and conformed to worldly customs will then yield to the powers that be, rather than subject themselves to derision, insult, threatened imprisonment, and death. At that time the gold will be separated from the dross. True godliness will be clearly distinguished from the appearance and tinsel of it. Many a star that we have admired for its brilliance will then go out in darkness. Those who have assumed the ornaments of the sanctuary, but are not clothed with Christ's righteousness, will then appear in the shame of their own nakedness. Among earth's inhabitants, scattered in every land, there are those who have not bowed the knee to Baal. Like the stars of heaven, which appear only at night, these faithful ones will shine forth when darkness covers the earth and gross darkness the people. In heathen Africa, in the Catholic lands of Europe and of South America, in China, in India, in the islands of the sea, and in all the dark corners of the earth, God has in reserve a firmament of chosen ones that will yet shine forth amidst the darkness, revealing clearly to an apostate world the transforming power of obedience to His law.

This is what the new theology is preparing people for. In 5T it says in the church What strange work Elijah would have done in numbering Israel at the time when God's judgments were falling upon the backsliding people! He could count only one on the Lord's side. But when he said, "I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life," the word of the Lord surprised him, "Yet I have left Me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal." 1 Kings 19:14, 18. Then let no man attempt to number Israel today, but let everyone have a heart of flesh, a heart of tender sympathy, a heart that, like the heart of Christ, reaches out for the salvation of a lost world.

This is in the end time context. (*PO he was not the only one) Now go to 2 Chronicles 14-18 19:19 So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth: and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him. 2 BC 1035 He had been trained in habits of simplicity, of obedience to his parents and to God. Thus in quietude and contentment he was prepared to do the humble work of cultivating the soil. But though of a meek and quiet spirit, Elisha had no changeable character. Integrity and fidelity and the love and fear of God were his. He had the characteristics of a ruler, but with it all was the meekness of one who would serve. His mind had been exercised in the little things, to be faithful in whatsoever he should do; so that if God should call him to act more directly for Him, he would be prepared to hear His voice. The surroundings of Elisha's home were those of wealth; but he realized that in order to obtain an all-round education, he must be a constant worker in any work that needed to be done. He had not consented to be in any respect less informed than his father's servants. He had learned how to serve first, that he might know how to lead, instruct, and command. While doing all that he possibly could in cooperating with his father in the home firm, he was doing God's service. He was learning how to cooperate with God (YI April 14, 1898).

“Twelve yoke of oxen” – there has just been a drought. He was plowering with his fathers servants, very humble, he doesn’t have to be out there working. He became a servent to Elijah. (p217 PK) – Strength and nobel character, do humble duties when you have a vision. (p220) – God will answer your every question. 19:20 And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee?


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19:21 And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and gave unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after Elijah, and ministered unto him.

Why did Elisha eat the oxen? To move on and go on to Gods work.


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Chapter 20 Benhadad king of Syria is going to come against Ahab 20:1 And Benhadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it. 20:2 And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel into the city, and said unto him, Thus saith Benhadad,

Ahab tried to buy him off. 20:3 Thy silver and thy gold is mine; thy wives also and thy children, even the goodliest, are mine. 20:4 And the king of Israel answered and said, My lord, O king, according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have.

Ahab surrender to Benhadad 20:5 And the messengers came again, and said, Thus speaketh Benhadad, saying, Although I have sent unto thee, saying, Thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children; 20:6 Yet I will send my servants unto thee to morrow about this time, and they shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall be, that whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put it in their hand, and take it away. 20:7 Then the king of Israel called all the elders of the land, and said, Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh mischief: for he sent unto me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver, and for my gold; and I denied him not. 20:8 And all the elders and all the people said unto him, Hearken not unto him, nor consent.

Don't listen to him. 20:9 Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Benhadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again. 20:10 And Benhadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me. 20:11 And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell him, Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.

stop boasting 20:12 And it came to pass, when Benhadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions, that he said unto his servants, Set yourselves in array. And they set themselves in array against the city. 20:13 And, behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab king of Israel, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou seen all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver it into thine hand this day; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD.


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Ahab is approached by a Prophet an told he is going to win. For His name sake.God was very merciful to Ahab. He didn't come around yet, but he is now saying I will be with you. 20:14 And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Even by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou. 20:15 Then he numbered the young men of the princes of the provinces, and they were two hundred and thirty two: and after them he numbered all the people, even all the children of Israel, being seven thousand. 20:16 And they went out at noon. But Benhadad was drinking himself drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and two kings that helped him. 20:17 And the young men of the princes of the provinces went out first; and Benhadad sent out, and they told him, saying, There are men come out of Samaria. 20:18 And he said, Whether they be come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they be come out for war, take them alive. 20:19 So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city, and the army which followed them. 20:20 And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Benhadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen. 20:21 And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter. 20:22 And the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee.

The prophet tells him don't be too happy he is coming again next year. 20:23 And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. 20:24 And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his place, and put captains in their rooms: 20:25 And number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so. 20:26 And it came to pass at the return of the year, that Benhadad numbered the Syrians, and went up to Aphek, to fight against Israel. 20:27 And the children of Israel were numbered, and were all present, and went against them: and the children of Israel pitched before them like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country. 20:28 And there came a man of God, and spake unto the king of Israel, and said, Thus saith the LORD, Because the Syrians have said, The LORD is God of the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD.


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Told Ahab that God would deliver them. 20:29 And they pitched one over against the other seven days. And so it was, that in the seventh day the battle was joined: and the children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in one day.

Seven day battle, and 100 thousand die. 20:30 But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and there a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were left. And Benhadad fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber.

Benhadad fled into a city. He was hiding 20:31 And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life.

Lets make a deal with the king. 20:32 So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Benhadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is my brother.

He is my brother, how did God tell Ahab he was displeased. 20:33 Now the men did diligently observe whether any thing would come from him, and did hastily catch it: and they said, Thy brother Benhadad. Then he said, Go ye, bring him. Then Benhadad came forth to him; and he caused him to come up into the chariot. 20:34 And Benhadad said unto him, The cities, which my father took from thy father, I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then said Ahab, I will send thee away with this covenant. So he made a covenant with him, and sent him away.

They find him and he says this. He made a covenant with him. Ahab agreed. He was to go make streets named after Ahab in Damascus. Then we have an acted parable. 20:35 And a certain man of the sons of the prophets said unto his neighbour in the word of the LORD, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man refused to smite him. 20:36 Then said he unto him, Because thou hast not obeyed the voice of the LORD, behold, as soon as thou art departed from me, a lion shall slay thee. And as soon as he was departed from him, a lion found him, and slew him. 20:37 Then he found another man, and said, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man smote him, so that in smiting he wounded him. 20:38 So the prophet departed, and waited for the king by the way, and disguised himself with ashes upon his face. 20:39 And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver.


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20:40 And as thy servant was busy here and there, he was gone. And the king of Israel said unto him, So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast decided it. 20:41 And he hasted, and took the ashes away from his face; and the king of Israel discerned him that he was of the prophets. 20:42 And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.

Thy life for his life 20:43 And the king of Israel went to his house heavy and displeased, and came to Samaria.


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Chapter 21 – Interlude with Nabath, Ahab and the vineyard. 21:1 And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria. 21:2 And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto my house: and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money. 21:3 And Naboth said to Ahab, The LORD forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.

Nabath was following the Levitical code. PK 205 According to the Levitical code no land could be transferred permanently by sale or exchange; every one of the children of Israel must "keep himself to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers." Numbers 36:7.

Jezebel sets up false witnesses 21:4 And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread. 21:5 But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? 21:6 And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard. 21:7 And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel? arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. 21:8 So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth. 21:9 And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people: 21:10 And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. 21:11 And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them. 21:12 They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. 21:13 And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died.

They stoned him. 21:14 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.


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21:15 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead. 21:16 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it. 21:17 And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 21:18 Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it. 21:19 And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine. 21:20 And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the LORD. 21:21 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy posterity, and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, 21:22 And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin.

Prophesy against Jezebel. 21:23 And of Jezebel also spake the LORD, saying, The dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel. 21:24 Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat. 21:25 But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up. 21:26 And he did very abominably in following idols, according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the LORD cast out before the children of Israel. 21:27 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly.

He repented 21:28 And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 21:29 Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me? because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days: but in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house.


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Chapter 22 Jehosophat comes and visits. Ramoth Gilead was a city of refuge and Israel lost it. He wanted it back. PK 195

It brings out that this was a moment of weakness when Jehosophat promised to join. He wanted a prophet, but got 400 false prophets. Ahab has just won a battle with God and has humbled himself. Maybe Joshapaht thought he was a different man. He asked God about the war, but he didn’t ask about joining. 22:1 And they continued three years without war between Syria and Israel. 22:2 And it came to pass in the third year, that Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel. 22:3 And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria? 22:4 And he said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt thou go with me to battle to Ramothgilead? And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, I am as thou art, my people as thy people, my horses as thy horses. 22:5 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray thee, at the word of the LORD to day. 22:6 Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together, about four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall I go against Ramothgilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for the Lord shall deliver it into the hand of the king. 22:7 And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him?

He is always rebuking me. Zedekiah was a false prophet. Michaia said that all should go home. And he used a strange illustration to make his point. 22:8 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah, by whom we may enquire of the LORD: but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the king say so. 22:9 Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, Hasten hither Micaiah the son of Imlah. 22:10 And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, having put on their robes, in a void place in the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them. 22:11 And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until thou have consumed them. 22:12 And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to Ramothgilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the king's hand. 22:13 And the messenger that was gone to call Micaiah spake unto him, saying, Behold now, the words of the prophets declare good unto the king with one mouth: let thy word, I pray thee, be like the word of one of them, and speak that which is good.


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22:14 And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, what the LORD saith unto me, that will I speak.

Micaiah is not the only prophet that was speaking to Ahab. Micaiah told him what he wanted to hear then he told him the answer. Ahab, knew what he was going to say. 22:15 So he came to the king. And the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go against Ramothgilead to battle, or shall we forbear? And he answered him, Go, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the hand of the king. 22:16 And the king said unto him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou tell me nothing but that which is true in the name of the LORD? 22:17 And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace. 22:18 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would prophesy no good concerning me, but evil? 22:19 And he said, Hear thou therefore the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting on his throne, and all the host of heaven standing by him on his right hand and on his left. 22:20 And the LORD said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramothgilead? And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner. 22:21 And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and said, I will persuade him. 22:22 And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt persuade him, and prevail also: go forth, and do so. 22:23 Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil concerning thee. 22:24 But Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah on the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from me to speak unto thee?

Zedekiah smacks him. 22:25 And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see in that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself. 22:26 And the king of Israel said, Take Micaiah, and carry him back unto Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son; 22:27 And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I come in peace. 22:28 And Micaiah said, If thou return at all in peace, the LORD hath not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, O people, every one of you.

After all of this why did Jehosophat go? He said that he would go. Ahab was determined. But Jehosophat felt like he had to keep his word. 22:29 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramothgilead.


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22:30 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and enter into the battle; but put thou on thy robes. And the king of Israel disguised himself, and went into the battle. 22:31 But the king of Syria commanded his thirty and two captains that had rule over his chariots, saying, Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel. 22:32 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, Surely it is the king of Israel. And they turned aside to fight against him: and Jehoshaphat cried out. 22:33 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from pursuing him. 22:34 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am wounded.

An arrow was shot and killed Ahab. Ahab acted deceitful. They knew it was not the king of Israel they knew it was not Ahab. 22:35 And the battle increased that day: and the king was stayed up in his chariot against the Syrians, and died at even: and the blood ran out of the wound into the midst of the chariot. 22:36 And there went a proclamation throughout the host about the going down of the sun, saying, Every man to his city, and every man to his own country. 22:37 So the king died, and was brought to Samaria; and they buried the king in Samaria. 22:38 And one washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the LORD which he spake.

The prophecy came true. 22:39 Now the rest of the acts of Ahab, and all that he did, and the ivory house which he made, and all the cities that he built, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 22:40 So Ahab slept with his fathers; and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead.

His son reigned in his stead. 22:41 And Jehoshaphat the son of Asa began to reign over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab king of Israel. 22:42 Jehoshaphat was thirty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. 22:43 And he walked in all the ways of Asa his father; he turned not aside from it, doing that which was right in the eyes of the LORD: nevertheless the high places were not taken away; for the people offered and burnt incense yet in the high places. 22:44 And Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. 22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he shewed, and how he warred, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?


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22:46 And the remnant of the sodomites, which remained in the days of his father Asa, he took out of the land. 22:47 There was then no king in Edom: a deputy was king. 22:48 Jehoshaphat made ships of Tharshish to go to Ophir for gold: but they went not; for the ships were broken at Eziongeber. 22:49 Then said Ahaziah the son of Ahab unto Jehoshaphat, Let my servants go with thy servants in the ships. But Jehoshaphat would not.

Jehoshapaht may have learnt he lesson 22:50 And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Jehoram his son reigned in his stead. 22:51 Ahaziah the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned two years over Israel.

He lasted two years. All of Chronicles 18 repeats what we just read. So read Chronicles 19. Jehosophat sets up the court system. 22:52 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father, and in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin: 22:53 For he served Baal, and worshipped him, and provoked to anger the LORD God of Israel, according to all that his father had done.


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2nd Kings Introduction See Introduction to 1–2 Kings.

Outline 1. The Death of Ahaziah (1:1–18) 2. Elisha and Israel (2:1–10:36) 1. Elijah gives way to Elisha (2:1–25) 2. Elisha and the conquest of Moab (3:1–27) 3. Elisha's miracles (4:1–44) 4. A Syrian is healed (5:1–27) 5. Elisha and Syria (6:1–23) 6. The siege of Samaria (6:24–7:20) 7. The Shunammite's land restored (8:1–6) 8. Hazael murders Ben-hadad (8:7–15) 9. Jehoram and Ahaziah (8:16–29) 10. The end of Ahab's house (9:1–10:17) 11. Jehu destroys Baal worship (10:18–36) 3. Joash (11:1–12:21) 4. Jehoahaz and Jehoash (13:1–25) 5. Amaziah, Jeroboam II, and Azariah (14:1–15:7) 6. Israel's Last Days (15:8–31) 7. Jotham and Ahaz (15:32–16:20) 8. The End of Israel (17:1–41) 9. Hezekiah (18:1–20:21) 10. Manasseh and Amon (21:1–26) 11. Josiah (22:1–23:30) 12. The End of Judah (23:31–25:30)


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Chapter 1 – The story of Ahaziah PK 236 Reverence should be shown for God's representatives for ministers, teachers, and parents, who are called to speak and act in His stead. In the respect shown them, God is honored.

In the time of apostasy, or when the leader teach error, you have to find out the balance between pointing out the error and showing reverence. People makes excuse of being rude to the pastor by saying that if the pastor is not teaching the truth, they are not God’s representatives. Sometimes pastors do teach something wrong, and they don’t really know, and they are sincerely trying to do God’s work, but they are confused, so we have to be careful with trying to determine whether they are God’s representatives or not. Because God has His representatives throughout the history that they weren’t right about everything: Luther, Miller. If we treat them with the RESPECT, we probably wouldn’t have problem. Even if we can see something wrong, we still need to have respect for them. We do have to point out something wrong, but we have to respect them even we think they are not doing good enough. 2 Kings 5:18 …house of Rammon…

god of Assyria 2 Kings 6:17 …open his eyes, that he may see…

Relationship with the counsel to Laodicea to get the eye salve. If we have eye sack, we stop looking at what people say and how they act, and we realize that there are hidden forces. So instead of getting angry at a person that treat us badly, we pity them, because we realize they are listening to the suggestions of evil one. So we have to pray for them. When we have the eyesack, we don’t fight the way man normally fight. This is what Elisha is trying to teach his servant. We need our eyes open like that, so that we may know how to fight. In this spiritual war, we can’t win with the way man fights, it’s hopeless. We have to see the way God sees, and we can look to God and fight in His way, and use His methods instead of Devil’s methods. There’s no possibility of coming out of Laodecian becoming a mighty warrior of 144,000 unless you can see it the way God sees it. And we should be constantly praying that He will give us the eye sack to see as God sees it. When a person distorts the reality so much that all of us can tell that they are crazy. Even man can see on certain level that someone can go beyond the point of reality, how do you think angels see all of us? Sometimes we don’t understand reality! And yet we are sincere… Angels pity on us. And Jesus pity us more. RH April 10, 1900 Jehu Religion Unsafe.- Men are slow to learn the lesson that the spirit manifested by Jehu will never bind hearts together. It is not safe for us to bind our interests with a Jehu religion; for this will result in bringing sadness of heart upon God's true workers. God has not given to any of His servants the work of punishing those who will not heed His warnings and reproofs. When the Holy Spirit is abiding in the heart, it will lead the human agent to see his own defects of character, to pity the weakness of others, to forgive as he wishes to be forgiven. He will be pitiful, courteous, Christlike.

Jehu’s work was not a work of reform, it was work of extermination. It couldn’t really bring people to God. Jehu exterminated evil people, so it had benefits for Israel, but it still couldn’t make people become true reformers. Just attacking the evil will not bring people to God. Jehu’s work was necessary as an act of mercy to the people of Israel who did wanted to what was right, because it


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took away the most effective agent of temptation in turning them away. But the work of Jehu itself, couldn’t never bring conversions. You can attack apostasy in our church all you want, but that can never bring conversions. There must be another work put with it. When Jezebel fell, she couldn’t get away, but Jehu runs his chariot over her face. The spirit of Jehu is a spirit of revenge under righteous cause. Jehu was anointed of God to do a work, but God never told him to do it in that spirit. People claim that they are anointed of God and they attack organization or other independent ministries all they want. And it will never bring a single person to Christ. May wake up people so that later they will turn to God. PK 262 He upon whom had fallen in full measure the spirit resting upon Elijah, had proved faithful to the end. Never had he wavered. Never had he lost his trust in the power of Omnipotence. Always, when the way before him seemed utterly closed, he had still advanced by faith, and God had honored his confidence and opened the way before him.

Very few people in history, could those word apply to. It couldn’t be applied to Elijah. PK 263 It was not given Elisha to follow his master in a fiery chariot. Upon him the Lord permitted to come a lingering illness. During the long hours of human weakness and suffering his faith laid fast hold on the promises of God, and he beheld ever about him heavenly messengers of comfort and peace. As on the heights of Dothan he had seen the encircling hosts of heaven, the fiery chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof, so now he was conscious of the presence of sympathizing angels, and he was sustained. Throughout his life he had exercised strong faith, and as he had advanced in a knowledge of God's providences and of His merciful kindness, faith had ripened into an abiding trust in his God, and when death called him he was ready to rest from his labors.

Quiet confidence of Elisha… 1:1 Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.

Syria just had a successful battle against Israel, and Moab rebelled against Israel for independence. They were weak. Ahaziah fell through the lattice. He went o Baal, they met Elijah. 1:2 And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in Samaria, and was sick: and he sent messengers, and said unto them, Go, enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whether I shall recover of this disease. 1:3 But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron? Elijiah is back to tell him that he is going to die. 1:4 Now therefore thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And Elijah departed. 1:5 And when the messengers turned back unto him, he said unto them, Why are ye now turned back? 1:6 And they said unto him, There came a man up to meet us, and said unto us, Go, turn again unto the king that sent you, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that thou sendest to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron? therefore thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. 1:7 And he said unto them, What manner of man was he which came up to meet you, and told you these


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words?

How did he know it was Elijah? Where was Elijah at Mt. Carmel? He was Ahab's son, he was there. PK she said that he thought if he could bring Elijah back he would change his prophecy against him. Because he saw the prophecy back then and knew it would happen. 1:8 And they answered him, He was an hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. And he said, It is Elijah the Tishbite. 1:9 Then the king sent unto him a captain of fifty with his fifty. And he went up to him: and, behold, he sat on the top of an hill. And he spake unto him, Thou man of God, the king hath said, Come down. 1:10 And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. “Fire come down from heaven” – Elijiah is not the same man now he is not afraid of the king anymore, he is just sitting there. The message did not change even when the prophet was called (PK 209-211) – Trusting in Gods healing power and that Drs well trained are apart of Gods methods. 1:11 Again also he sent unto him another captain of fifty with his fifty. And he answered and said unto him, O man of God, thus hath the king said, Come down quickly. 1:12 And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. 1:13 And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight. 1:14 Behold, there came fire down from heaven, and burnt up the two captains of the former fifties with their fifties: therefore let my life now be precious in thy sight. 1:15 And the angel of the LORD said unto Elijah, Go down with him: be not afraid of him. And he arose, and went down with him unto the king. 1:16 And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron, is it not because there is no God in Israel to enquire of his word? therefore thou shalt not come down off that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die.

He gave the same prophecy to his face. PK 209 Ahaziah had witnessed the wondrous works of the Most High. He had seen the terrible evidences that God had given apostate Israel of the way in which He regards those who set aside the binding claims of His law. Ahaziah had acted as if these awful realities were but idle tales. Rebellious, and unwilling to repent, Ahaziah died, "according to the word of the Lord which Elijah had spoken.”

He didn't even want to repent after Elijah came to him. PK 210 Men today may not pay homage to heathen gods, yet thousands are worshiping at Satan's shrine as verily as did the king of Israel. The spirit of idolatry is rife in the world today, although, under the influence of science and education, it has assumed forms more refined and attractive than in the days when Ahaziah sought to the god of Ekron.


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She equates trusting in sciences as going to Beelzebub PK 210 Today the mysteries of heathen worship are replaced by the secret association and seances, the obscurities and wonders, of spiritistic mediums. Today the mysteries of heathen worship are replaced by the secret association and seances, the obscurities and wonders, of spiritistic mediums. "

Refers to Free Masonry; secret societies. PK 210 The apostles of nearly all forms of spiritism claim to have power to heal. They attribute this power to electricity, magnetism, the so-called "sympathetic remedies," or to latent forces within the mind of man. And there are not a few, even in this Christian age, who go to these healers, instead of trusting in the power of the living God and the skill of well-qualified physicians.

We should put our trust in the power of the living God. Note: Most of these cults originated in the same part of the country. Western New York. Spiritualism, Mormonism started there. This also were the heavenly sanctuary was discovered. 1:17 So he died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had spoken. And Jehoram reigned in his stead in the second year of Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; because he had no son.

We have two Jehoram's. After Ahaziah we have Jehoram of Israel. When Jehosophat died we have Jehoram of Judah, this one married Athiliah the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. And he was the worse king that Judah had. He brought in Baal worship were it had never been before. Elijah prophesied against him and said his bowels would fall out. The Philistines and Arabians died. When he did Ahazaiah died. How to distinguish between the Ahaziah's: In Israel after Ahab died, Ahaziah reigned for a short time. Then Jehoram was 12 years. In Judah Jehoram came first after Jehosophat, then Ahzaiah reigned for one year. In 841 B.C. Jehu killed both of them. He became king in Israel. And Atahliah became king/queen in Judah. Note: Jehu the prophet is different from Jehu the furious driver. 1:18 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?


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Chapter 2 Quiz: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)

Who killed king Jehoram of Israel and king Ahaziah of Judah? Jehu? Who did Elijah anoint to scourge/punish Israel? Haziel of Syria. How did God deliver Israel to end the siege of Samaria? What nation was Israel's main enemy during Elisha's time? Syria

Signs of Elisha 2 Kings 2:15 And when the sons of the prophets which were to view at Jericho saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. They saw that Elisha was so God 2 Kings 2:19-20 [19] And the men of the city said unto Elisha, Behold, I pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth: but the water is naught, and the ground barren. [20] And he said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they brought it to him. The salt in the waters 2 Kings 2:23 And he went up from thence unto Beth–el: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head. The children mocked, the prophets (pk 235) 2:1 And it came to pass, when the LORD would take up Elijah into heaven by a whirlwind, that Elijah went with Elisha from Gilgal.

Gilga, Bethel, Jericho. They know he was going to be taken. PK 225 – he did not want to leave his master while he could still be gaining something from him. 2:2 And Elijah said unto Elisha, Tarry here, I pray thee; for the LORD hath sent me to Bethel. And Elisha said unto him, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. So they went down to Bethel.

This reveals where the schools of the prophets were now. What happened at Bethel happened at Jericho, they started at Gilgal. And PK 224 mentions that Gilgal, Bethel, and Jericho were 3 places where there were schools of the prophets. It implies that there were more, but this is all that we are aware of. It isn't revealed to Elijah that God was going to take him up, but Elisha and the sons of the prophets knew it. 2:3 And the sons of the prophets that were at Bethel came forth to Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy master from thy head to day? And he said, Yea, I know it; hold ye your peace. 2:4 And Elijah said unto him, Elisha, tarry here, I pray thee; for the LORD hath sent me to Jericho. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. So they came to Jericho.


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2:5 And the sons of the prophets that were at Jericho came to Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy master from thy head to day? And he answered, Yea, I know it; hold ye your peace. 2:6 And Elijah said unto him, Tarry, I pray thee, here; for the LORD hath sent me to Jordan. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And they two went on.

Crossing of the Jordan. 2:7 And fifty men of the sons of the prophets went, and stood to view afar off: and they two stood by Jordan. 2:8 And Elijah took his mantle, and wrapped it together, and smote the waters, and they were divided hither and thither, so that they two went over on dry ground. 2:9 And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said unto Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I be taken away from thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.

PK made it clear that this wasn't just a good idea. This is what Elisha craved. It was more than just knowing what to ask for. It expressed the deepest desire of his heart. He wanted to be used by God. Double portion, saw his great need, so he called be more successful. 2:10 And he said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so. 2:11 And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. 2:12 And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.

Elisha saw it. His emotions were over flowing. Elijah was being taken, and his request was granted. PK 227 Elijah was a type of the saints who will be living on the earth at the time of the second advent of Christ and who will be "changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump," without tasting of death. This is what Elijah being taken represented. 2:13 He took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and went back, and stood by the bank of Jordan; 2:14 And he took the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and smote the waters, and said, Where is the LORD God of Elijah? and when he also had smitten the waters, they parted hither and thither: and Elisha went over. 2:15 And when the sons of the prophets which were to view at Jericho saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him.

They were in awe, and this was a sign of great respect. PK 228 When the Lord in His providence sees fit to remove from His work those to whom He has given wisdom, He helps and strengthens their successors, if they will look to Him for aid and will


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walk in His ways. They may be even wiser than their predecessors; for they may profit by their experience and learn wisdom from their mistakes.

Par: As time goes on, people are going to have to fill the shoes of those who have done a great work, and this is the promise that God will give us. We can build on the work of those before us. 2:16 And they said unto him, Behold now, there be with thy servants fifty strong men; let them go, we pray thee, and seek thy master: lest peradventure the Spirit of the LORD hath taken him up, and cast him upon some mountain, or into some valley. And he said, Ye shall not send.

This shows as hard as Elijah and Elisha were working with the prophets, they still were slow to learning what it means to have faith. You don't learn these things in one second. Point: it was revealed to the sons of the prophets before hand that Elijah would be taken. It was like they intellectually grasped it, but when it happened they couldn't accept it. It went from theology to the experience they didn't make the transition. Par: we have the same problem when make understand the theory but we can't live it out. Then the healing of the waters takes place here. Before in the city of Jericho it had been cursed from the days when it was a city of perversion during the time of Joshua and the people couldn't touch it. So the people are mentioning it. 2:17 And when they urged him till he was ashamed, he said, Send. They sent therefore fifty men; and they sought three days, but found him not. 2:18 And when they came again to him, (for he tarried at Jericho,) he said unto them, Did I not say unto you, Go not? 2:19 And the men of the city said unto Elisha, Behold, I pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth: but the water is naught, and the ground barren. 2:20 And he said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they brought it to him.

PK 230 Gave background as to why the waters were bad. PK 231 The healing of the waters of Jericho was accomplished, not by any wisdom of man, but by the miraculous interposition of God. Those who had rebuilt the city were undeserving of the favor of Heaven; yet He who "maketh His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust," saw fit in this instance to reveal, through this token of compassion, His willingness to heal Israel of their spiritual maladies. Matthew 5:45. 2:21 And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast the salt in there, and said, Thus saith the LORD, I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or barren land. 2:22 So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the saying of Elisha which he spake. 2:23 And he went up from thence unto Bethel: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head.

Mocking of Elijah is here to show children and us not to mock spiritual things. Children translated here could also mean young men. PK she mentions that he went passed rude children but for 50 years those youth didn't mock him again.


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PK 236 Even kindness should have its limits. Authority must be maintained by a firm severity, or it will be received by many with mockery and contempt. The so-called tenderness, the coaxing and indulgence, used toward youth by parents and guardians, is one of the worst evils which can come upon them. In every family, firmness, decision, positive requirements, are essential.

Don’t take this too far. There comes a time when you must apply the rod of correction, but it needs to be done in love. Sometimes to protect the work of God, you must bring severe repercussions. God brought the bears out, not Elisha. It doesn't make it clear that they were killed. Point: She also speaks about reverence. In the time of apostasy or when Pastors teach error we must know the balance of this statement. PK 237 Reverence should be shown for God's representatives-- for ministers, teachers, and parents, who are called to speak and act in His stead. In the respect shown them, God is honored.

It is hard to determine God's representatives. If we treat all with respect we will not have problems. If we see one who is suppose to be a Shepard of the flock, we must still do it with respect. 2:24 And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed them in the name of the LORD. And there came forth two she bears out of the wood, and tare forty and two children of them. 2:25 And he went from thence to mount Carmel, and from thence he returned to Samaria.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years.

Jehoram reigned 12 years. The apostasy is at a holding point, and it is backing up. Because of the work of Elijah, the death of Ahab, Ahaziah who sent the 50, these things are gradually making an impact. HE understood that they should not worship Baal. 3:2 And he wrought evil in the sight of the LORD; but not like his father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made.

He got rid of Bail, but kept the idols 3:3 Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. 3:4 And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and rendered unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool.

When Ahab was dead, Mesha king of Moab started a rebellion while Ahab was king and it continues. Moab had to give to Israel, he is just paying tribute. 3:5 But it came to pass, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel. 3:6 And king Jehoram went out of Samaria the same time, and numbered all Israel.

What does this tell us about numbering Israel? It has to do with numbering your armies, like when David did it. 3:7 And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, saying, The king of Moab hath rebelled against me: wilt thou go with me against Moab to battle? And he said, I will go up: I am as thou art, my people as thy people, and my horses as thy horses.

Jehosophat does it again. (*PO Bible point; God brings around the sin until you get the victory or it overcomes you.) They went through Edom because Jehosophat was the king of Edom at this time, so he could do this. They were under the control of Israel. They could sneak around because they won't expect. Jehosphate – joins Israel, and joins Edom. 3:8 And he said, Which way shall we go up? And he answered, The way through the wilderness of Edom. 3:9 So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of Edom: and they fetched a compass of seven days' journey: and there was no water for the host, and for the cattle that followed them.

They are in trouble because the Edomites are helping them, Israel and Judah are united and they are going to die. 3:10 And the king of Israel said, Alas! that the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab! 3:11 But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, that we may enquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of Israel's servants answered and said, Here is Elisha the son of Shaphat, which


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poured water on the hands of Elijah.

Elisha wasn't that well known yet. We have a servant of Elijah here. This shows how much they held him in esteem. Jehosphate, is there a man of God. Edom has just been beat by Judah, and now he is with him going before the man of God. King of Moab kills his own son. “poured water on the hands” this shows that he was a servant, and they regarded him such. PK 222 It was no great work that was at first required of Elisha; commonplace duties still constituted his discipline. He is spoken of as pouring water on the hands of Elijah, his master. He was willing to do anything that the Lord directed, and at every step he learned lessons of humility and service.

He did whatever he needed fetch water, pulled weeds, hoeing, this was part of his training to be a prophet. 3:12 And Jehoshaphat said, The word of the LORD is with him. So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. 3:13 And Elisha said unto the king of Israel, What have I to do with thee? get thee to the prophets of thy father, and to the prophets of thy mother. And the king of Israel said unto him, Nay: for the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab.

What did he mean by this? Elisha looks at the king of Israel and asks why do you want me, go ask the prophets of your father. Elisha was primarily a prophet to Israel more than to Judah. And he said this. It was like he was making a point. He was testing him. Do you really believe what the Lord says? Do you really believe. Go ask baal they can help you. His response showed no faith. 3:14 And Elisha said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee.

He is really implying that you don't listen anyway, but for Jehosophat's sake he gave the answer. 3:15 But now bring me a minstrel. And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him. 3:16 And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Make this valley full of ditches. 3:17 For thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not see wind, neither shall ye see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts. 3:18 And this is but a light thing in the sight of the LORD: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand. 3:19 And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones. 3:20 And it came to pass in the morning, when the meat offering was offered, that, behold, there came water by the way of Edom, and the country was filled with water. 3:21 And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood in the border.


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3:22 And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water on the other side as red as blood: 3:23 And they said, This is blood: the kings are surely slain, and they have smitten one another: now therefore, Moab, to the spoil. 3:24 And when they came to the camp of Israel, the Israelites rose up and smote the Moabites, so that they fled before them: but they went forward smiting the Moabites, even in their country. 3:25 And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it. 3:26 And when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too sore for him, he took with him seven hundred men that drew swords, to break through even unto the king of Edom: but they could not.

He was trying to escape. 3:27 Then he took his eldest son that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a burnt offering upon the wall. And there was great indignation against Israel: and they departed from him, and returned to their own land.

He offered his son as a human sacrifice and then Israel left. They should have known that God didn't accept this. But it shows that they were so steeped into idolatry that they were not sure that God would help them. He offered his son, surely their gods will come to their aid. They lost their confidence in the battle. Now go to 2 Chronicles 21.


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Chapter 4 Three stories in this story 4:1 Now there cried a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the prophets unto Elisha, saying, Thy servant my husband is dead; and thou knowest that thy servant did fear the LORD: and the creditor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondmen.

Vereses 1 to 7 have the story of the woman who lost husband and had to pay her debt. (*PO study oil in her vessels to pay debt). Her husband was one from the school of the prophets. 4:2 And Elisha said unto her, What shall I do for thee? tell me, what hast thou in the house? And she said, Thine handmaid hath not any thing in the house, save a pot of oil.

Oil 4:3 Then he said, Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few.

Get some vessels 4:4 And when thou art come in, thou shalt shut the door upon thee and upon thy sons, and shalt pour out into all those vessels, and thou shalt set aside that which is full.

The limitations of the oil was based on the number of vessels 4:5 So she went from him, and shut the door upon her and upon her sons, who brought the vessels to her; and she poured out. 4:6 And it came to pass, when the vessels were full, that she said unto her son, Bring me yet a vessel. And he said unto her, There is not a vessel more. And the oil stayed.

The oil stayed when there where no more vessels 4:7 Then she came and told the man of God. And he said, Go, sell the oil, and pay thy debt, and live thou and thy children of the rest. 4:8 And it fell on a day, that Elisha passed to Shunem, where was a great woman; and she constrained him to eat bread. And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread.

Woman of Shimmon that made a room for Elisha. Reward for her hospitality was a child. (*PO goes with those who should be selected how officers in the church should have hospitality.) The child died. 4:9 And she said unto her husband, Behold now, I perceive that this is an holy man of God, which passeth by us continually. 4:10 Let us make a little chamber, I pray thee, on the wall; and let us set for him there a bed, and a table, and a stool, and a candlestick: and it shall be, when he cometh to us, that he shall turn in thither.

The little room


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4:11 And it fell on a day, that he came thither, and he turned into the chamber, and lay there. 4:12 And he said to Gehazi his servant, Call this Shunammite. And when he had called her, she stood before him.

She wants a son 4:13 And he said unto him, Say now unto her, Behold, thou hast been careful for us with all this care; what is to be done for thee? wouldest thou be spoken for to the king, or to the captain of the host? And she answered, I dwell among mine own people. 4:14 And he said, What then is to be done for her? And Gehazi answered, Verily she hath no child, and her husband is old. 4:15 And he said, Call her. And when he had called her, she stood in the door. 4:16 And he said, About this season, according to the time of life, thou shalt embrace a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, thou man of God, do not lie unto thine handmaid. 4:17 And the woman conceived, and bare a son at that season that Elisha had said unto her, according to the time of life. 4:18 And when the child was grown, it fell on a day, that he went out to his father to the reapers. 4:19 And he said unto his father, My head, my head. And he said to a lad, Carry him to his mother. 4:20 And when he had taken him, and brought him to his mother, he sat on her knees till noon, and then died. 4:21 And she went up, and laid him on the bed of the man of God, and shut the door upon him, and went out. 4:22 And she called unto her husband, and said, Send me, I pray thee, one of the young men, and one of the asses, that I may run to the man of God, and come again. 4:23 And he said, Wherefore wilt thou go to him to day? it is neither new moon, nor sabbath. And she said, It shall be well.

Why are you going? Don’t worry it well be okay. 4:24 Then she saddled an ass, and said to her servant, Drive, and go forward; slack not thy riding for me, except I bid thee. 4:25 So she went and came unto the man of God to mount Carmel. And it came to pass, when the man of God saw her afar off, that he said to Gehazi his servant, Behold, yonder is that Shunammite: 4:26 Run now, I pray thee, to meet her, and say unto her, Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child? And she answered, It is well. 4:27 And when she came to the man of God to the hill, she caught him by the feet: but Gehazi came near to thrust her away. And the man of God said, Let her alone; for her soul is vexed within her: and the LORD hath hid it from me, and hath not told me. 4:28 Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord? did I not say, Do not deceive me?


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4:29 Then he said to Gehazi, Gird up thy loins, and take my staff in thine hand, and go thy way: if thou meet any man, salute him not; and if any salute thee, answer him not again: and lay my staff upon the face of the child. 4:30 And the mother of the child said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And he arose, and followed her. 4:31 And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing. Wherefore he went again to meet him, and told him, saying, The child is not awaked. 4:32 And when Elisha was come into the house, behold, the child was dead, and laid upon his bed. 4:33 He went in therefore, and shut the door upon them twain, and prayed unto the LORD. 4:34 And he went up, and lay upon the child, and put his mouth upon his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands: and he stretched himself upon the child; and the flesh of the child waxed warm.

A prophet lies down on the dead body 4:35 Then he returned, and walked in the house to and fro; and went up, and stretched himself upon him: and the child sneezed seven times, and the child opened his eyes.

“Sneezed” – Margin means he gasped seven times. Why seven times? Question: significance in him doing hand to hand, eye to eye, etc.? 4:36 And he called Gehazi, and said, Call this Shunammite. So he called her. And when she was come in unto him, he said, Take up thy son. 4:37 Then she went in, and fell at his feet, and bowed herself to the ground, and took up her son, and went out. 4:38 And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets.

Verses 38 to 41 tells us the story of poison in the pot. They had to have faith to eat it with the meal in it. 4:39 And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds his lap full, and came and shred them into the pot of pottage: for they knew them not. 4:40 So they poured out for the men to eat. And it came to pass, as they were eating of the pottage, that they cried out, and said, O thou man of God, there is death in the pot. And they could not eat thereof. 4:41 But he said, Then bring meal. And he cast it into the pot; and he said, Pour out for the people, that they may eat. And there was no harm in the pot. 4:42 And there came a man from Baalshalisha, and brought the man of God bread of the firstfruits, twenty loaves of barley, and full ears of corn in the husk thereof. And he said, Give unto the people, that they may eat.

Man from Baalshalisha, bread and corn being multiplied. He didn't believe it would be enough to


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feed 100 people. Things were left over though. PK – showed that the amount of food that this man brought was far too short to feed everyone. In this Elisha was a type of Christ when He fed the multitude. (*PO this shows where Christ shared with the disciples about himself before the second ascension.) 4:43 And his servitor said, What, should I set this before an hundred men? He said again, Give the people, that they may eat: for thus saith the LORD, They shall eat, and shall leave thereof. 4:44 So he set it before them, and they did eat, and left thereof, according to the word of the LORD.


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Chapter 5 The story of Naaman. PK – the little maid was a slave, but her upbringing and faith was so good that she maintained a good disposition in a trying situation. To the point where Naaman's wife began to look at her as a daughter and they listened to her. Her attitude as a child made her word have the impact to say let's try it. Jehoram was scared, but Elisha sent him a letter so that Naaman could know there was a God in Israel. After Naaman was healed he proclaimed that he knew there was a God in heaven. Naaman referred back to a god of Syria. He mentioned the 'house of Rimmim' means chief or first god or god of the sun (study) Isaiah mentions this later. Remember this. Ghazi sees an opportunity to get something. Contrast: Elisha took the role of a servant, but Gahazi was tired of the position. He had a spirit of covetousness. He wanted to manipulate things. Naaman sent servants with him to take the things, but he told them to go back and they did, he hid the stuff. Then he lied to Elisha and he got the leprosy. 5:1 Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honourable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valour, but he was a leper.

God is working with other nations. 5:2 And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman's wife.

The little maid 5:3 And she said unto her mistress, Would God my lord were with the prophet that is in Samaria! for he would recover him of his leprosy. 5:4 And one went in, and told his lord, saying, Thus and thus said the maid that is of the land of Israel. 5:5 And the king of Syria said, Go to, go, and I will send a letter unto the king of Israel. And he departed, and took with him ten talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten changes of raiment. 5:6 And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, Now when this letter is come unto thee, behold, I have therewith sent Naaman my servant to thee, that thou mayest recover him of his leprosy. 5:7 And it came to pass, when the king of Israel had read the letter, that he rent his clothes, and said, Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man doth send unto me to recover a man of his leprosy? wherefore consider, I pray you, and see how he seeketh a quarrel against me. 5:8 And it was so, when Elisha the man of God had heard that the king of Israel had rent his clothes, that he sent to the king, saying, Wherefore hast thou rent thy clothes? let him come now to me, and he shall know that there is a prophet in Israel.

Elisha said bring him here. The servant came to tell the king. The king’s servants told him to do it. Seven times in connections with the Sabbath. 5:9 So Naaman came with his horses and with his chariot, and stood at the door of the house of Elisha.


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5:10 And Elisha sent a messenger unto him, saying, Go and wash in Jordan seven times, and thy flesh shall come again to thee, and thou shalt be clean. 5:11 But Naaman was wroth, and went away, and said, Behold, I thought, He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the LORD his God, and strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper. 5:12 Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean? So he turned and went away in a rage. 5:13 And his servants came near, and spake unto him, and said, My father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, wouldest thou not have done it? how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, and be clean? 5:14 Then went he down, and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God: and his flesh came again like unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. 5:15 And he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and came, and stood before him: and he said, Behold, now I know that there is no God in all the earth, but in Israel: now therefore, I pray thee, take a blessing of thy servant. 5:16 But he said, As the LORD liveth, before whom I stand, I will receive none. And he urged him to take it; but he refused. 5:17 And Naaman said, Shall there not then, I pray thee, be given to thy servant two mules' burden of earth? for thy servant will henceforth offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice unto other gods, but unto the LORD. 5:18 In this thing the LORD pardon thy servant, that when my master goeth into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaneth on my hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon: when I bow down myself in the house of Rimmon, the LORD pardon thy servant in this thing.

When I am in the false gods house please forgive me. 5:19 And he said unto him, Go in peace. So he departed from him a little way.

Go in peace 5:20 But Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, Behold, my master hath spared Naaman this Syrian, in not receiving at his hands that which he brought: but, as the LORD liveth, I will run after him, and take somewhat of him. 5:21 So Gehazi followed after Naaman. And when Naaman saw him running after him, he lighted down from the chariot to meet him, and said, Is all well?

“Gehazi” – when after to get the funds 5:22 And he said, All is well. My master hath sent me, saying, Behold, even now there be come to me from mount Ephraim two young men of the sons of the prophets: give them, I pray thee, a talent of silver, and two changes of garments.

Plague of Leprosy – Based upon 2 Kings 5 (study) Sermon: 2 Kings 5:22-27 "Plague of Leprosy!" Break down this story and connect it with the church


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of Laodecia. All those who have the plague of Leprosy must be taken to the priest. And then the priest examines him. This is describing the investigative judgment. Those who are rich and increased with goods, those who are seeking garments (their own righteousness), etc. there are two types of servants in the church of Laodecia: Those who accept the counsel and are pronounced clean, and those who have the plague of Leprosy who are pronounced unclean. Servants of Sin and Servants of Righteousness! Elisha a type of Christ give examples: Feeding of 5 thousand?, and others. Elisha says to his servant is it a time for garments, land, cars, etc? Is it a time to be rich and increased with goods? The leprosy of Naaman shall cleave to thee and they seed. If they do not obtain victory this same curse will be passed from generation to generation and if they do not all accept Christ's righteousness they will be cut off. Leviticus 13:9-11 – He is separated or cut off from the camp because the sins have utterly destroyed his soul. Christ is the priest. 5:23 And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him. 5:24 And when he came to the tower, he took them from their hand, and bestowed them in the house: and he let the men go, and they departed. 5:25 But he went in, and stood before his master. And Elisha said unto him, Whence comest thou, Gehazi? And he said, Thy servant went no whither.

This is a bold lie, this was a stumbling block. 5:26 And he said unto him, Went not mine heart with thee, when the man turned again from his chariot to meet thee? Is it a time to receive money, and to receive garments, and oliveyards, and vineyards, and sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and maidservants? 5:27 The leprosy therefore of Naaman shall cleave unto thee, and unto thy seed for ever. And he went out from his presence a leper as white as snow.


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Chapter 6 - Building of the school of the prophets Sermon: 1.) "The Reign of Jehoram" explaining how he refused to progress. God gave him 12 years. And in the end he was slain by his brethren (an Israelite: Study!) Point: When teaching what Faith is use chapter 6 to explain faith. 2.) "Danger at Dothan" Sub point: Connection with Rev 7 those who will receive the seal of God have spiritual discernment. Elisha was a type of Christ teaching His servants what it means to exercise true faith and have spiritual discernment. 3.) "Jehu the Anointed" sermon for those who like to rebuke everybody and everything. This will not bring conversion. (Study!) During the time frame of king Jehoram of Israel, within this time frame the early stories of Elisha took place: pots of oil, women of shunum, and Naaman. And during this time Behadad II has been attacking Israel. He hunts for Elisha and the siege of Dothan takes place. Then the siege of Samaria. They were done by Benhadad the II. There were 5 accounts of him invading Israel. The first two were failures. Ahab defeated him twice. The second time Ahab let him go. The third time he came it resulted in the death of Ahab. The story of Naaman took place early in the reign of Jehorom. There was a period of time that after Naaman was healed he recognized the God of Israel and because of his influence he had an impact on Syria because he was important. And later they came to look for Elisha. This is where we pick up. Note: Elisha was a prophet for 60 years. He received his call before Ahab died. He saw the rule of Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Joash (he came to him for advice) except for Ahaziah they were not short reigns. The early stories of Elisha all happened during the reign of Jehoram. Pot of oil, poison in the pot, siege of Dothan, and siege of Samaria. Jehoram didn't follow in the ways of Ahab. He was not as good, he followed Jeroboam, but it was not at the level of Ahab's apostasy. Jehoram saw God's hand intervene for God's people several times. And in the end he stayed at the level that he was at. Point: If you don't grow you are in decline spiritually. A this time he wanted to stay consistent, but he wouldn't grow. He learned from Ahaz's and his brother Ahaziah's mistakes, but he learned so much but he didn't want to progress any further. God gave him 12 years and in the end he was slain by Jehu 6:1 And the sons of the prophets said unto Elisha, Behold now, the place where we dwell with thee is too strait for us.

Verses 1 to7 tells us one of Elisha's early stories: The axe head that fell in the water. 6:2 Let us go, we pray thee, unto Jordan, and take thence every man a beam, and let us make us a place there, where we may dwell. And he answered, Go ye. 6:3 And one said, Be content, I pray thee, and go with thy servants. And he answered, I will go. 6:4 So he went with them. And when they came to Jordan, they cut down wood. 6:5 But as one was felling a beam, the axe head fell into the water: and he cried, and said, Alas, master! for it was borrowed. 6:6 And the man of God said, Where fell it? And he shewed him the place. And he cut down a stick, and cast it in thither; and the iron did swim. 6:7 Therefore said he, Take it up to thee. And he put out his hand, and took it.


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6:8 Then the king of Syria warred against Israel, and took counsel with his servants, saying, In such and such a place shall be my camp.

The king of Israel is Jehoram, man of God is Elisha. King of Syria warred against Israel. This was Benhadad II. We know of 5 invasions for sure, but we know that there were more, we just don't know how much more. 6:9 And the man of God sent unto the king of Israel, saying, Beware that thou pass not such a place; for thither the Syrians are come down.

This is Elisha telling Jehoram this is where they are waiting to ambush you, don't fall for it. God is telling the apostate king to look out. 6:10 And the king of Israel sent to the place which the man of God told him and warned him of, and saved himself there, not once nor twice.

This happened more than once. 6:11 Therefore the heart of the king of Syria was sore troubled for this thing; and he called his servants, and said unto them, Will ye not shew me which of us is for the king of Israel?

He thought there was a traitor. 6:12 And one of his servants said, None, my lord, O king: but Elisha, the prophet that is in Israel, telleth the king of Israel the words that thou speakest in thy bedchamber.

It doesn't say who said it, but it is possible that they knew Naaman's story. Because the way that this man speaks is with confidence that Elisha is really a man of God. So one of the kings counselors even if they didn't live the lifestyle of one who knew the God of heaven, he knew it was true. 6:13 And he said, Go and spy where he is, that I may send and fetch him. And it was told him, saying, Behold, he is in Dothan.

Dothan. They go to get Elsiha. 6:14 Therefore sent he thither horses, and chariots, and a great host: and they came by night, and compassed the city about. 6:15 And when the servant of the man of God was risen early, and gone forth, behold, an host compassed the city both with horses and chariots. And his servant said unto him, Alas, my master! how shall we do? 6:16 And he answered, Fear not: for they that be with us are more than they that be with them.

Powerful sermon The servant couldn't understand what he was saying because he was looking at the army over the wall and they were outnumbered. This is what happens when we trust what we see. Or what seems right to a man. (*PO this teaches the nature of true faith, faith is the ability to grasp the unseen.) (*Unresolved question: Because Elisha prayed the prayer and asked for God to open this man's eyes, did Elisha live with the ability of being able to behold the invisible world everyday?) 6:17 And Elisha prayed, and said, LORD, I pray thee, open his eyes, that he may see. And the LORD opened


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the eyes of the young man; and he saw: and, behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha.

So Elisha prayed. (*PO Elisha had clear spiritual discernment.) Prayers for the eyes to open FD: he sees a direct connection with the church of Laodecia in receiving the eyesalve. When we have eyesalve we stop looking at what people say and how they act, we realize there are evil forces that are hidden, and instead of getting angry at someone who treats us badly. Instead we pity them because we realize they are listening to the suggestion of the evil one. So we must pray for them. When we have the eyesalve we don't fight the way that men usually fight. And this is what Elisha is trying to teach his servant. So he prayed for him (Christ prayed for Peter [us]) In understanding that we are in a spiritual warfare we cannot see the way man sees and fight the way man fights (Eph 6 wrestle not against flesh). We must see how God sees and then we can look to God and use His method and fight His way. There is no possibility of coming out of Laodecia and becoming part of the 144,000 unless you can see it the way God sees it. We must pray that we receive the eye salve to see things the way God sees it. His way is the most accurate way to see. (*PO Connects with the servants who will receive the seal of God. They are not only those who will experience righteousness, but they have spiritual discernment, they have heeded the council to Laodecia.) 6:18 And when they came down to him, Elisha prayed unto the LORD, and said, Smite this people, I pray thee, with blindness. And he smote them with blindness according to the word of Elisha.

They were blinded 6:19 And Elisha said unto them, This is not the way, neither is this the city: follow me, and I will bring you to the man whom ye seek. But he led them to Samaria.

Then he goes to them and says I know who you are looking for, follow me. Then he leads them into the capital city of the nation. You don't attack the capital until you hit everything else, and because they are blind they could easily be killed. Then he prays that they can see. 6:20 And it came to pass, when they were come into Samaria, that Elisha said, LORD, open the eyes of these men, that they may see. And the LORD opened their eyes, and they saw; and, behold, they were in the midst of Samaria.

Prayed for their eyes to be closed then he led them to the capital. 6:21 And the king of Israel said unto Elisha, when he saw them, My father, shall I smite them? shall I smite them?

Now Jehoram asks if they could wipe them out. In human understanding this is what they should have done. We need to have a fresh contact with God 6:22 And he answered, Thou shalt not smite them: wouldest thou smite those whom thou hast taken captive with thy sword and with thy bow? set bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink, and go to their master.

He says don't give them a feast. (*PO This is how Paul/Peter could tell us to love our enemies to do good acts to heap coals of fire on their heads. From studying the OT Study: How does this apply to Christ? Do we see Him feeding His enemies? Elisha is a type of Christ). The key has to learn about true witnessing.


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6:23 And he prepared great provision for them: and when they had eaten and drunk, he sent them away, and they went to their master. So the bands of Syria came no more into the land of Israel. 6:24 And it came to pass after this, that Benhadad king of Syria gathered all his host, and went up, and besieged Samaria.

Benhadad came into the Syria. This is sometime later. Even though the soldiers could have been moved by what happened. Benhadad wasn't there, so he orders an attack later. And then we see the siege. 6:25 And there was a great famine in Samaria: and, behold, they besieged it, until an ass's head was sold for fourscore pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of dove's dung for five pieces of silver.

When you are hungry you will eat anything. People do anything to fill them self. 6:26 And as the king of Israel was passing by upon the wall, there cried a woman unto him, saying, Help, my lord, O king. 6:27 And he said, If the LORD do not help thee, whence shall I help thee? out of the barnfloor, or out of the winepress? 6:28 And the king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, This woman said unto me, Give thy son, that we may eat him to day, and we will eat my son to morrow.

This was a fulfillment of prophecy. This was prophesied in Deuteronomy 28 the blessings and cursings. It says that those who were disobedient would eat their own children. It came to pass more than once, but this is the first time. 6:29 So we boiled my son, and did eat him: and I said unto her on the next day, Give thy son, that we may eat him: and she hath hid her son. 6:30 And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the woman, that he rent his clothes; and he passed by upon the wall, and the people looked, and, behold, he had sackcloth within upon his flesh.

The king rent his closes, blames Elisha. 6:31 Then he said, God do so and more also to me, if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat shall stand on him this day.

The king gets mad and believes it is Elisha's fault. 6:32 But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him: but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the elders, See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master's feet behind him?

He sends out a messenger. 6:33 And while he yet talked with them, behold, the messenger came down unto him: and he said, Behold, this evil is of the LORD; what should I wait for the LORD any longer?


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Chapter 7 This chapter is about four lepers who get the food and return and tell everyone 7:1 Then Elisha said, Hear ye the word of the LORD; Thus saith the LORD, To morrow about this time shall a measure of fine flour be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel, in the gate of Samaria.

It seemed impossible to get things for this price at that time. 7:2 Then a lord on whose hand the king leaned answered the man of God, and said, Behold, if the LORD would make windows in heaven, might this thing be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but shalt not eat thereof.

“Then a lord on whose hand the king leaned” – This means he was a very important counselor who the king depended upon. Then we have the story of the lepers who went into the Assyrian camp to get food. (study) 7:3 And there were four leprous men at the entering in of the gate: and they said one to another, Why sit we here until we die? 7:4 If we say, We will enter into the city, then the famine is in the city, and we shall die there: and if we sit still here, we die also. Now therefore come, and let us fall unto the host of the Syrians: if they save us alive, we shall live; and if they kill us, we shall but die. 7:5 And they rose up in the twilight, to go unto the camp of the Syrians: and when they were come to the uttermost part of the camp of Syria, behold, there was no man there. 7:6 For the Lord had made the host of the Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses, even the noise of a great host: and they said one to another, Lo, the king of Israel hath hired against us the kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to come upon us.

They thought that the king of Israel worked out a political act to secure help. This shows that it was common during those days to make alliances with other nations just like it has always been in history. Sometimes kings in Israel had problems with not making these alliances to secure help from a foreign nation instead of depending on God. Asa did this with Baasha. Jehu the prophet rebuked him for it. 7:7 Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight, and left their tents, and their horses, and their asses, even the camp as it was, and fled for their life.

The lepers started feeling guilty and told the messengers. 7:8 And when these lepers came to the uttermost part of the camp, they went into one tent, and did eat and drink, and carried thence silver, and gold, and raiment, and went and hid it; and came again, and entered into another tent, and carried thence also, and went and hid it. 7:9 Then they said one to another, We do not well: this day is a day of good tidings, and we hold our peace: if we tarry till the morning light, some mischief will come upon us: now therefore come, that we may go and tell the king's household. 7:10 So they came and called unto the porter of the city: and they told them, saying, We came to the camp of the Syrians, and, behold, there was no man there, neither voice of man, but horses tied, and asses tied,


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and the tents as they were. 7:11 And he called the porters; and they told it to the king's house within. 7:12 And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants, I will now shew you what the Syrians have done to us. They know that we be hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying, When they come out of the city, we shall catch them alive, and get into the city.

The king thought it was a trap. 7:13 And one of his servants answered and said, Let some take, I pray thee, five of the horses that remain, which are left in the city, (behold, they are as all the multitude of Israel that are left in it: behold, I say, they are even as all the multitude of the Israelites that are consumed:) and let us send and see. 7:14 They took therefore two chariot horses; and the king sent after the host of the Syrians, saying, Go and see.

They wanted to get 5 horses; but only 2 healthy horses remained. 7:15 And they went after them unto Jordan: and, lo, all the way was full of garments and vessels, which the Syrians had cast away in their haste. And the messengers returned, and told the king. 7:16 And the people went out, and spoiled the tents of the Syrians. So a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel, according to the word of the LORD.

The people spoiled the camp. And this fulfilled the word of the Lord. Then the man who scoffed died. 7:17 And the king appointed the lord on whose hand he leaned to have the charge of the gate: and the people trode upon him in the gate, and he died, as the man of God had said, who spake when the king came down to him. 7:18 And it came to pass as the man of God had spoken to the king, saying, Two measures of barley for a shekel, and a measure of fine flour for a shekel, shall be to morrow about this time in the gate of Samaria: 7:19 And that lord answered the man of God, and said, Now, behold, if the LORD should make windows in heaven, might such a thing be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but shalt not eat thereof. 7:20 And so it fell out unto him: for the people trode upon him in the gate, and he died.


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Chapter 8 This is another famine. Elisha comes into Syria; Elijha anointed the king in Syria. Hazael kills Benhadad 8:1 Then spake Elisha unto the woman, whose son he had restored to life, saying, Arise, and go thou and thine household, and sojourn wheresoever thou canst sojourn: for the LORD hath called for a famine; and it shall also come upon the land seven years. 8:2 And the woman arose, and did after the saying of the man of God: and she went with her household, and sojourned in the land of the Philistines seven years. 8:3 And it came to pass at the seven years' end, that the woman returned out of the land of the Philistines: and she went forth to cry unto the king for her house and for her land. 8:4 And the king talked with Gehazi the servant of the man of God, saying, Tell me, I pray thee, all the great things that Elisha hath done. 8:5 And it came to pass, as he was telling the king how he had restored a dead body to life, that, behold, the woman, whose son he had restored to life, cried to the king for her house and for her land. And Gehazi said, My lord, O king, this is the woman, and this is her son, whom Elisha restored to life. 8:6 And when the king asked the woman, she told him. So the king appointed unto her a certain officer, saying, Restore all that was hers, and all the fruits of the field since the day that she left the land, even until now. 8:7 And Elisha came to Damascus; and Benhadad the king of Syria was sick; and it was told him, saying, The man of God is come hither.

Elisha went to Damascus when Benhadad was sick. This was interesting because this man hunted Elisha down. Then when he saved Samaria their army ran. Then he told Hazael (we know what he was going to do, but Benhadad doesn't) to give presents to Elisha and find out what is going to happen to Benhadad with his sickness. 8:8 And the king said unto Hazael, Take a present in thine hand, and go, meet the man of God, and enquire of the LORD by him, saying, Shall I recover of this disease? 8:9 So Hazael went to meet him, and took a present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels' burden, and came and stood before him, and said, Thy son Benhadad king of Syria hath sent me to thee, saying, Shall I recover of this disease? 8:10 And Elisha said unto him, Go, say unto him, Thou mayest certainly recover: howbeit the LORD hath shewed me that he shall surely die.

The sickness will not cause you to die, but God says you will die. 8:11 And he settled his countenance stedfastly, until he was ashamed: and the man of God wept.

He looked for a while at this man. Elijah told him that this man was going to be a scourge to Israel. And Elisha knew from God what he would do. He looked at him until he cried, because he knew what he was going to do. (*PO only the Spirit of the Lord knows who will be the ones who are going to murder the true http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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servants of God.) Hazael was going to kill Gods people 8:12 And Hazael said, Why weepeth my lord? And he answered, Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strong holds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash their children, and rip up their women with child. 8:13 And Hazael said, But what, is thy servant a dog, that he should do this great thing? And Elisha answered, The LORD hath shewed me that thou shalt be king over Syria.

Note: If a person has an insight in devotion and they say that the Lord showed them it would be appropriate, but only a prophet can see the future and say the Lord has shown me. Many get this confused. Point: When your conscience convicts on what is wrong you know you should not do it. But your conscience can convict on the right thing to do as well. When a person gets a message from God that is for them personally that is one thing. But when they get a message and say it is for other people they are assuming the role of a prophet. If you are not a prophet you need to show them from the Word of God why it is for them. 8:14 So he departed from Elisha, and came to his master; who said to him, What said Elisha to thee? And he answered, He told me that thou shouldest surely recover.

He told him he would recover. 8:15 And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took a thick cloth, and dipped it in water, and spread it on his face, so that he died: and Hazael reigned in his stead.

Then he suffocates him, and killed him, and became king. 8:16 And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being then king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah began to reign. 8:17 Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. 8:18 And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab: for the daughter of Ahab was his wife: and he did evil in the sight of the LORD.

Then we have the account of Jehoram becoming king of Judah. He walked in the ways of Ahab and Ahaziah. Edom revolted under his rule. 8:19 Yet the LORD would not destroy Judah for David his servant's sake, as he promised him to give him alway a light, and to his children. 8:20 In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. 8:21 So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents. 8:22 Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time. 8:23 And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?


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8:24 And Joram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. 8:25 In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel did Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah begin to reign.

In the tweleth year of Jehoram Ahaziah took over. He reigned for one year.

8:26 Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel. 8:27 And he walked in the way of the house of Ahab, and did evil in the sight of the LORD, as did the house of Ahab: for he was the son in law of the house of Ahab. 8:28 And he went with Joram the son of Ahab to the war against Hazael king of Syria in Ramothgilead; and the Syrians wounded Joram.

This is where Hazael comes in after he has murdered Benhadad. So Jehoram and Ahaziah ally against Syria. (Jehu is not king yet, but this is when he comes in and murders the two kings). 8:29 And king Joram went back to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Syrians had given him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Syria. And Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was sick.

Jehoram got wounded and went to recuperate. Then Ahaziah king of Judah went to visit him. These two are cousins.


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Chapter 9 9:1 And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in thine hand, and go to Ramothgilead:

Elisha sent a prophet. Ramoth Gilead is where the battle has been going on. Jehoram of Israel left the battle. Ahaziah went to check on him. And here we see that Jehu had a high position in the army. He was a leader in the battle. The son of a prophet then comes to him. 9:2 And when thou comest thither, look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and make him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an inner chamber; 9:3 Then take the box of oil, and pour it on his head, and say, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee king over Israel. Then open the door, and flee, and tarry not.

He was anointed as king, and then he told him to flee. 9:4 So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to Ramothgilead. 9:5 And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said, I have an errand to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, Unto which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain. 9:6 And he arose, and went into the house; and he poured the oil on his head, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I have anointed thee king over the people of the LORD, even over Israel.

He anoints him king Jehu 9:7 And thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy master, that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the LORD, at the hand of Jezebel.

In verses 7 to 8 Jehu gave a speech. Remember that this dynasty under Jezebel's influence had slaughtered many of God people. Now judgment day is coming on this family. (*PO example of probation closing on a family.) 9:8 For the whole house of Ahab shall perish: and I will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel: 9:9 And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah:

These families dynasties didn't last long as kings. 9:10 And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury her. And he opened the door, and fled.

Verses 12-13 shows who were in council to discuss strategy. He must have already been a person of position because it was not hard for them to accept the message. 9:11 Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord: and one said unto him, Is all well? wherefore came this mad fellow to thee? And he said unto them, Ye know the man, and his communication. 9:12 And they said, It is false; tell us now. And he said, Thus and thus spake he to me, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee king over Israel.


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9:13 Then they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, Jehu is king.

I am the next king. Jehu kills the two kings. Kills Jezebel. The hand and the skull – Mark of the beast. 9:14 So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. (Now Joram had kept Ramothgilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Syria. 9:15 But king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Syrians had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria.) And Jehu said, If it be your minds, then let none go forth nor escape out of the city to go to tell it in Jezreel. 9:16 So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram. 9:17 And there stood a watchman on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said, I see a company. And Joram said, Take an horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say, Is it peace?

They see Jehu coming with a small party. 9:18 So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me. And the watchman told, saying, The messenger came to them, but he cometh not again. 9:19 Then he sent out a second on horseback, which came to them, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu answered, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me. 9:20 And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

Apparently he already had a reputation for already being really intense. They wanted to know if he was coming in peace. He was exceptional in his ability with a chariot for speed. They don't recognize him personally except for the way he drives. (*PO lesson in driving? Christians should be good drivers) 9:21 And Joram said, Make ready. And his chariot was made ready. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out against Jehu, and met him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite.

Both of the kings went out to meet him. 9:22 And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

Jezebel was still alive and influential. Jehoram knew it was trouble and he left. 9:23 And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah. 9:24 And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot.

He had a good aim. He was not a wimp.


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9:25 Then said Jehu to Bidkar his captain, Take up, and cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite: for remember how that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the LORD laid this burden upon him; 9:26 Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the LORD; and I will requite thee in this plat, saith the LORD. Now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the LORD. 9:27 But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden house. And Jehu followed after him, and said, Smite him also in the chariot. And they did so at the going up to Gur, which is by Ibleam. And he fled to Megiddo, and died there.

Jehu follows Ahaziah to Megiddo. Map: He didn't catch him for 30 or 40 miles. He killed him there. 9:28 And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David. 9:29 And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah to reign over Judah. 9:30 And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.

Jehu goes to visit Jezebel. Painted (margin) = means she painted her face around the eyes. She put things in her hair. (*PO she was trying to seduce him, she was a harlot) 9:31 And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?

Why does she ask about Zimri? Zimri assassinated the king before him. Baasha's son Elah. Elah reigned 7 days. Jezebel's father-in-law is the one who the people put in as king and exterminated Zimri (he set himself on fire). She is being philosophical, remember him? What are you going to accomplish? 9:32 And he lifted up his face to the window, and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs.

They are in a tough spot. If they don't throw her down and he kills her, he will kill them too. But if they do, they will be safe. They didn't have strong loyalty to her. 9:33 And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

This was a brutal act. This also reveals something about Jehu's personality. It also tells us why he was anointed to do this work. Not that he did it the way God wanted him to. But God knew that Jehu would get the job done and more. (*PO unanswered question: Where was Jehu when Elijah fled?) And because Jezebel was s symbol of the papacy this corresponds to the destruction of Babylon in Revelation 17 & 18. 9:34 And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said, Go, see now this cursed woman, and bury her: for she is a king's daughter.

Then he goes and eats. And then says we should bury her she is a king's daughter.


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9:35 And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.

Nothing was left except her skull, feet, and the palms of her hands (no fingers) 9:36 Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel:

The word of the Lord was fulfilled. 9:37 And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is Jezebel.


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Chapter 10 Ahab had 70 sons in Samaria. Jehu wrote a letter. And the people wrote back and said we are your servants we will do what you want. 10:1 And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to them that brought up Ahab's children, saying, 10:2 Now as soon as this letter cometh to you, seeing your master's sons are with you, and there are with you chariots and horses, a fenced city also, and armour; 10:3 Look even out the best and meetest of your master's sons, and set him on his father's throne, and fight for your master's house. 10:4 But they were exceedingly afraid, and said, Behold, two kings stood not before him: how then shall we stand? 10:5 And he that was over the house, and he that was over the city, the elders also, and the bringers up of the children, sent to Jehu, saying, We are thy servants, and will do all that thou shalt bid us; we will not make any king: do thou that which is good in thine eyes. 10:6 Then he wrote a letter the second time to them, saying, If ye be mine, and if ye will hearken unto my voice, take ye the heads of the men your master's sons, and come to me to Jezreel by to morrow this time. Now the king's sons, being seventy persons, were with the great men of the city, which brought them up. 10:7 And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took the king's sons, and slew seventy persons, and put their heads in baskets, and sent him them to Jezreel.

They cut their heads and put them in a basket. 10:8 And there came a messenger, and told him, saying, They have brought the heads of the king's sons. And he said, Lay ye them in two heaps at the entering in of the gate until the morning.

And he put the heads in a heap in front of the city. It was brutal but there was a purpose for this. 10:9 And it came to pass in the morning, that he went out, and stood, and said to all the people, Ye be righteous: behold, I conspired against my master, and slew him: but who slew all these?

GOOD POINT. What did he do? Instead of him being responsible for all of those deaths, he is making everybody in leadership responsible so they have to work together. He doesn't want what happened to Zimri to happen to him. He was smart and brutal. Then he met to Jehonadad 10:10 Know now that there shall fall unto the earth nothing of the word of the LORD, which the LORD spake concerning the house of Ahab: for the LORD hath done that which he spake by his servant Elijah. 10:11 So Jehu slew all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his great men, and his kinsfolks, and his priests, until he left him none remaining. 10:12 And he arose and departed, and came to Samaria. And as he was at the shearing house in the way, 10:13 Jehu met with the brethren of Ahaziah king of Judah, and said, Who are ye? And they answered, We are the brethren of Ahaziah; and we go down to salute the children of the king and the children of the queen.


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10:14 And he said, Take them alive. And they took them alive, and slew them at the pit of the shearing house, even two and forty men; neither left he any of them. 10:15 And when he was departed thence, he lighted on Jehonadab the son of Rechab coming to meet him: and he saluted him, and said to him, Is thine heart right, as my heart is with thy heart? And Jehonadab answered, It is. If it be, give me thine hand. And he gave him his hand; and he took him up to him into the chariot. 10:16 And he said, Come with me, and see my zeal for the LORD. So they made him ride in his chariot.

He is saying look I am for the Lord see what I have done. See my zeal for the Lord 10:17 And when he came to Samaria, he slew all that remained unto Ahab in Samaria, till he had destroyed him, according to the saying of the LORD, which he spake to Elijah.

He slays all of the rest of the house of Ahab. Then he pretends he is going to follow baal. He wanted to destroy all Baal worshippers. 10:18 And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them, Ahab served Baal a little; but Jehu shall serve him much. 10:19 Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants, and all his priests; let none be wanting: for I have a great sacrifice to do to Baal; whosoever shall be wanting, he shall not live. But Jehu did it in subtilty, to the intent that he might destroy the worshippers of Baal.

Subtilty Jehu 10:20 And Jehu said, Proclaim a solemn assembly for Baal. And they proclaimed it. 10:21 And Jehu sent through all Israel: and all the worshippers of Baal came, so that there was not a man left that came not. And they came into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was full from one end to another.

All of them came. This is a test of their devotion to Baal. (*PO this is after Mt. Carmel). 10:22 And he said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal. And he brought them forth vestments. 10:23 And Jehu went, and Jehonadab the son of Rechab, into the house of Baal, and said unto the worshippers of Baal, Search, and look that there be here with you none of the servants of the LORD, but the worshippers of Baal only. 10:24 And when they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings, Jehu appointed fourscore men without, and said, If any of the men whom I have brought into your hands escape, he that letteth him go, his life shall be for the life of him. 10:25 And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the guard and to the captains, Go in, and slay them; let none come forth. And they smote them with the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast them out, and went to the city of the house of Baal. 10:26 And they brought forth the images out of the house of Baal, and burned them.


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10:27 And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. 10:28 Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel.

At the end of their worship they were all destroyed and the house of Baal. He executed precisely and rapidly. He was a door, he didn't wait around. He got the job done. 10:29 Howbeit from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, to wit, the golden calves that were in Bethel, and that were in Dan. 10:30 And the LORD said unto Jehu, Because thou hast done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes, and hast done unto the house of Ahab according to all that was in mine heart, thy children of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.

Commended for wiping out Ahab. He wiped out bail but was not commended. 10:31 But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the LORD God of Israel with all his heart: for he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin. 10:32 In those days the LORD began to cut Israel short: and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel;

Hazael was anointed now to be a scourge of Israel. 2BC 1038 Men are slow to learn the lesson that the spirit manifested by Jehu will never bind hearts together. It is not safe for us to bind our interests with a Jehu religion; for this will result in bringing sadness of heart upon God's true workers. God has not given to any of His servants the work of punishing those who will not heed His warnings and reproofs. When the Holy Spirit is abiding in the heart, it will lead the human agent to see his own defects of character, to pity the weakness of others, to forgive as he wishes to be forgiven. He will be pitiful, courteous, Christlike (RH April 10, 1900).

Jehu's work was not a work of reform it was a work of extermination. His work couldn't really bring a change. It couldn't bring people to God. It exterminated some evil people. It had benefits for Israel, but it couldn’t make people become true reformers. Point: We must remember this today! Just attacking the evil will not bring people to God. PK – it brought out that Jehu's work was necessary as an act of mercy to the people in Israel who wanted to do what was right. It took away the most effective agent of temptation that could turn them away. Par Point: But the work of Jehu itself could never bring conversion. We must remember this today. We can attack apostasy all we want, but this can never bring conversion. There must be another work with it. you could get accepted in attacking apostasy like Jehu. But after her neck was broke and back was broke, he had to run the chariot over her face. This is the point. The spirit of Jehu, is the spirit of revenge under the external appearance of a righteous cause that was carried to excess. Jehu was anointed of God to do a work. But God never told him to do it in that spirit. Today people can claim they are anointed of God and attack the organization and other independent ministries, but it will not bring people to God. It may wake up people so they can turn later. Because what Jehu did was an act of mercy. He tore away the power of evil and it opened a way for some good to come of it.


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10:33 From Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan.

The area that Hazael was attacking was the area east of the Jordan Gilead and Bashaan. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and ½ of Manasseh was there. 10:34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 10:35 And Jehu slept with his fathers: and they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead.

Jehu died and Jehoahaz reigned in his stead. 2 Chron 22 repeats all of the same information, but it gives more information about Athalia. She killed all of her relatives so that she could sit on the throne after Ahaziah was killed. It is also recorded in 2 Kings 11. and Jehoida a righteous priest hid one little boy named Joash for 6 years while Athalia was queen. Note: during the time of Jehu Elisha's reforms began to have a visible affect. Israel rose up for a while under Jehu, Johahaz, and Joash his grandson. Jehoida was the real cause for the reformation during the time of Joash. During this time Elisha won the respect of the people and they turned back to God and Baal worship was not in the land in a dominate way. The kings had learned there lesson, and the family of Jehu never followed Baal worship. 10:36 And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty and eight years.


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Chapter 11 11:1 And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal.

Ahaziah was killed by Jehu, she killed all the relatives and became queen. And Jehu was king in Israel 11:2 But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons which were slain; and they hid him, even him and his nurse, in the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain.

Johash was hid in the bedchamber. 11:3 And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And Athaliah did reign over the land. 11:4 And the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers over hundreds, with the captains and the guard, and brought them to him into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them, and took an oath of them in the house of the LORD, and shewed them the king's son.

Jehoida helped to hide him, and later they set him up as king. 11:5 And he commanded them, saying, This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you that enter in on the sabbath shall even be keepers of the watch of the king's house; 11:6 And a third part shall be at the gate of Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: so shall ye keep the watch of the house, that it be not broken down. 11:7 And two parts of all you that go forth on the sabbath, even they shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD about the king. 11:8 And ye shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand: and he that cometh within the ranges, let him be slain: and be ye with the king as he goeth out and as he cometh in. 11:9 And the captains over the hundreds did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that should go out on the sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest. 11:10 And to the captains over hundreds did the priest give king David's spears and shields, that were in the temple of the LORD. 11:11 And the guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, round about the king, from the right corner of the temple to the left corner of the temple, along by the altar and the temple. 11:12 And he brought forth the king's son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king. 11:13 And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people into the temple of the LORD. 11:14 And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.


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Athaliah hears about it. She cries treason, but the guards are against her and killed her. 11:15 But Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, the officers of the host, and said unto them, Have her forth without the ranges: and him that followeth her kill with the sword. For the priest had said, Let her not be slain in the house of the LORD. 11:16 And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which the horses came into the king's house: and there was she slain. 11:17 And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people, that they should be the LORD'S people; between the king also and the people. 11:18 And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal, and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the LORD.

The wicked rule of Athalia is over, they remove Baal worship. But Jehoida was the real instrument for this reformation. Jehoash was just a child. 11:19 And he took the rulers over hundreds, and the captains, and the guard, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king from the house of the LORD, and came by the way of the gate of the guard to the king's house. And he sat on the throne of the kings. 11:20 And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah with the sword beside the king's house.

The great reformation was led by the priest. This is a case of a godly priest bringing reform in the land. The priest usually could not bring reform. They use to go along with what the kings wanted, but they were not as corrupt in the early history, this changes during this time. 11:21 Seven years old was Jehoash when he began to reign.


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Chapter 12 12:1 In the seventh year of Jehu Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba.

Jehoash had a 40 year reign in Jerusalem. 12:2 And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him.

Jehoah was faithful as long as Jehoida was around. 12:3 But the high places were not taken away: the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places. 12:4 And Jehoash said to the priests, All the money of the dedicated things that is brought into the house of the LORD, even the money of every one that passeth the account, the money that every man is set at, and all the money that cometh into any man's heart to bring into the house of the LORD, 12:5 Let the priests take it to them, every man of his acquaintance: and let them repair the breaches of the house, wheresoever any breach shall be found. 12:6 But it was so, that in the three and twentieth year of king Jehoash the priests had not repaired the breaches of the house.

The temple was still torn down. 12:7 Then king Jehoash called for Jehoiada the priest, and the other priests, and said unto them, Why repair ye not the breaches of the house? now therefore receive no more money of your acquaintance, but deliver it for the breaches of the house.

Jehoash wants to fix the temple. This is where he took the lead. He put a chest out etc. There is an indication that the priests were not supportive of building the temple. They felt like the money was theirs. During this time many people were not faithful so they were low on support, so now they wanted to take care of their support before the temple was built. And Jehoash went to Jehoida. They put a chest out there so it would be a separate fund. 12:8 And the priests consented to receive no more money of the people, neither to repair the breaches of the house. 12:9 But Jehoiada the priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid of it, and set it beside the altar, on the right side as one cometh into the house of the LORD: and the priests that kept the door put therein all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD. 12:10 And it was so, when they saw that there was much money in the chest, that the king's scribe and the high priest came up, and they put up in bags, and told the money that was found in the house of the LORD. 12:11 And they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that did the work, that had the oversight of the house of the LORD: and they laid it out to the carpenters and builders, that wrought upon the house of the LORD,

They repaired the house.


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12:12 And to masons, and hewers of stone, and to buy timber and hewed stone to repair the breaches of the house of the LORD, and for all that was laid out for the house to repair it. 12:13 Howbeit there were not made for the house of the LORD bowls of silver, snuffers, basons, trumpets, any vessels of gold, or vessels of silver, of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD: 12:14 But they gave that to the workmen, and repaired therewith the house of the LORD. 12:15 Moreover they reckoned not with the men, into whose hand they delivered the money to be bestowed on workmen: for they dealt faithfully. 12:16 The trespass money and sin money was not brought into the house of the LORD: it was the priests'. 12:17 Then Hazael king of Syria went up, and fought against Gath, and took it: and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.

After Jehoida's time. Jehoash took all the treasures in the kings house and his own house, and he sent them to Hazael. 12:18 And Jehoash king of Judah took all the hallowed things that Jehoshaphat, and Jehoram, and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated, and his own hallowed things, and all the gold that was found in the treasures of the house of the LORD, and in the king's house, and sent it to Hazael king of Syria: and he went away from Jerusalem.

The people didn't like this move. 12:19 And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 12:20 And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla.

They slew him, and Amasiah became king. 12:21 For Jozachar the son of Shimeath, and Jehozabad the son of Shomer, his servants, smote him, and he died; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to 2 Chronicles 23 and 24.


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Chapter 13 We will now talk about Israel Note: The Bible doesn't say much about Jehu being king. It just says how he got there. then it mentions his son Jehoahaz. 13:1 In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years. 13:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. 13:3 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, all their days.

He was evil 13:4 And Jehoahaz besought the LORD, and the LORD hearkened unto him: for he saw the oppression of Israel, because the king of Syria oppressed them.

While Jehoahaz was king of Israel. Israel almost came under the control of Syria. And this king now seeks the Lord. 13:5 (And the LORD gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelt in their tents, as beforetime.

It doesn't say who the savior was. Maybe it was Assyria coming to invade Syria and breaking their power over Israel. Or it could have been Joash coming with greater military might to help. 13:6 Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained the grove also in Samaria.) 13:7 Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.

Israel is weak at this time. They have 10 chariots. When Ahab was king they had 2,000 under Ahab. This shows the decline of military might. 13:8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13:9 And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead.

Now Joash began to reign. All of this time Elisha is still around working with the school of the prophets. Steadily bringing reform. He did what was evil in the sight of God. He warred against Amaziah. Amaziah started the fight according to Chronicles. 13:10 In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign


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over Israel in Samaria, and reigned sixteen years. 13:11 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin: but he walked therein. 13:12 And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13:13 And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

He slept. And Jereboam came to the throne. 13:14 Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died. And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof.

At this time Elisha wasn't dead, but he was going to die because of this sickness. Joash the king of Israel came down to him, and Joash was evil. PK says he recognized that he was a man of God. He went to see him before Elisha died. Even though he was wicked, God used the situation to help him to better. And this time Syria was invading again. Story of the arrows and smiting the arrows. 13:15 And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. And he took unto him bow and arrows. 13:16 And he said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king's hands. 13:17 And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the LORD'S deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Syria: for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them.

Story is here. When a prophet tells you to do something and you really believe that they are speaking for God, your enthusiasm will show it. It is not the technicality of how many times he struck, it is what it showed about his enthusiasm. He was like well, is this really from God? He was half-hearted. Point: Our enthusiasm shows if we really believe it is from God or not. If we don’t obey, it is because really don’t believe. PK shows he struck the arrows in according to His enthusiasm. PK 263 With the counsel and encouragement given Joash, the work of Elisha closed. He upon whom had fallen in full measure the spirit resting upon Elijah, had proved faithful to the end. Never had he wavered. Never had he lost his trust in the power of Omnipotence. Always, when the way before him seemed utterly closed, he had still advanced by faith, and God had honored his confidence and opened the way before him.

These words could apply to few people in history including Elijah and he was translated. Elijah wavered. This illness tested him. Just like he had the eyesalve and he saw the invisible armies at Dothan. PK shows he could see by faith the Angels sympathizing with him in his sickness. (*PO he lived in the realm of the invisible and visible. Study!!) When he died we have the account of his bones reviving a dead man.


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13:18 And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said unto the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground. And he smote thrice, and stayed. 13:19 And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice. 13:20 And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. 13:21 And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

The dead man thrown in the specular of the body he come back to life. 13:22 But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. 13:23 And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet. 13:24 So Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in his stead. 13:25 And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, and recovered the cities of Israel.

Three strikes, three wars. What Jehoahaz lost Joash gained back through war. He defeated Syria three times.


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Chapter 14 14:1 In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel reigned Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah.

Amaziah slew 10,000 of Edom. He looked like he was doing good. Then he sent messengers to Jehoahaz and said let us look at each other in the face. Meaning he wanted to have a war. 14:2 He was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. 14:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, yet not like David his father: he did according to all things as Joash his father did. 14:4 Howbeit the high places were not taken away: as yet the people did sacrifice and burnt incense on the high places. 14:5 And it came to pass, as soon as the kingdom was confirmed in his hand, that he slew his servants which had slain the king his father. 14:6 But the children of the murderers he slew not: according unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every man shall be put to death for his own sin. 14:7 He slew of Edom in the valley of salt ten thousand, and took Selah by war, and called the name of it Joktheel unto this day. 14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us look one another in the face. 14:9 And Jehoash the king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle.

He likens Amaziah to a thistle picking a fight with a giant tree. And a wild beast comes and steps on the thistle, there is no contest. 14:10 Thou hast indeed smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee up: glory of this, and tarry at home: for why shouldest thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee? 14:11 But Amaziah would not hear. Therefore Jehoash king of Israel went up; and he and Amaziah king of Judah looked one another in the face at Bethshemesh, which belongeth to Judah. 14:12 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to their tents. 14:13 And Jehoash king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Jehoash the son of Ahaziah, at Bethshemesh, and came to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim unto the corner gate, four hundred cubits.

Judah faired badly and Amaiziah got captured. Joash let him go back after his whipping. This hurt Judah badly.


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14:14 And he took all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house, and hostages, and returned to Samaria. 14:15 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoash which he did, and his might, and how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 14:16 And Jehoash slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel; and Jeroboam his son reigned in his stead.

Joash died. Jereboam replaced him. Amaziah got captured but he still reigned 15 years after Joash died. Uzziah and Amaziah were coregents all through Uzziah's childhood. 14:17 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. 14:18 And the rest of the acts of Amaziah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 14:19 Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.

Amaziah was murdered. 14:20 And they brought him on horses: and he was buried at Jerusalem with his fathers in the city of David. 14:21 And all the people of Judah took Azariah, which was sixteen years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah.

Azariah in Chronicles is Uzziah the son of Amasiah. After Amaisiah was assassinated. 14:22 He built Elath, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slept with his fathers. 14:23 In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in Samaria, and reigned forty and one years.

Jereboam II was king in Israel. 14:24 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. 14:25 He restored the coast of Israel from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the plain, according to the word of the LORD God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai, the prophet, which was of Gathhepher.

This is the dead sea. When Jereboam regained Syria up to Hamath, Jonah had already been around. This shows us when Jonah existed. Jereboam knew who he was. And he prophesied about the prosperity of Israel that is not recorded anywhere. 14:26 For the LORD saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very bitter: for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any helper for Israel. 14:27 And the LORD said not that he would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven: but he saved


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them by the hand of Jeroboam the son of Joash. 14:28 Now the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, which belonged to Judah, for Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

Syria was the nation that gave them so much problems, but now they have control of them like in the days of Solomon and David. And Zechariah comes and reigns in his stead. He reigned 6 months. 14:29 And Jeroboam slept with his fathers, even with the kings of Israel; and Zachariah his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to 2 Chronicles 25


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Chapter 15 15:1 In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah to reign.

Azariah is Uzziah 15:2 Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jecholiah of Jerusalem. 15:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done;

He did right 15:4 Save that the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burnt incense still on the high places. 15:5 And the LORD smote the king, so that he was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house. And Jotham the king's son was over the house, judging the people of the land.

He became a leper, but it doesn't explain why. Jothan his son reigned when he died. 15:6 And the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 15:7 So Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. 15:8 In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zachariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria six months.

Deals with the last few kings of Israel Uzziah. Zachariah replaced Jerobaom II and lasted 6 months. 15:9 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. 15:10 And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead. 15:11 And the rest of the acts of Zachariah, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 15:12 This was the word of the LORD which he spake unto Jehu, saying, Thy sons shall sit on the throne of Israel unto the fourth generation. And so it came to pass.

This was a fulfillment of prophecy that was given to Jehu that his family would be king for 4 generations. Zechariah was the fourth generation following him. 15:13 Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria.

He reigned a month.


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15:14 For Menahem the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, and came to Samaria, and smote Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, and slew him, and reigned in his stead.

Rapid turnover. Great instability. 15:15 And the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 15:16 Then Menahem smote Tiphsah, and all that were therein, and the coasts thereof from Tirzah: because they opened not to him, therefore he smote it; and all the women therein that were with child he ripped up. 15:17 In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria. 15:18 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. 15:19 And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand. 15:20 And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not there in the land. 15:21 And the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 15:22 And Menahem slept with his fathers; and Pekahiah his son reigned in his stead. 15:23 In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned two years. 15:24 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. 15:25 But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house, with Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men of the Gileadites: and he killed him, and reigned in his room. 15:26 And the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 15:27 In the two and fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned twenty years.

He reigned alone for 10. 15:28 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. 15:29 In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali,


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and carried them captive to Assyria.

Decimated the land but didn't fully conquer it. 15:30 And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah. 15:31 And the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 15:32 In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. 15:33 Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok. 15:34 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD: he did according to all that his father Uzziah had done. 15:35 Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burned incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate of the house of the LORD. 15:36 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 15:37 In those days the LORD began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah.

WE have Judah has done better, but they still have apostasy in their midst. So God allowed Pekah one of the last kings of Israel. And Resin the king so Syria to invade Judah and harass them. 15:38 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to 2 Chronicles 27.


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Chapter 16 Connect with Isaiah 6 and 7 16:1 In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son of Jotham king of Judah began to reign. 16:2 Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD his God, like David his father. 16:3 But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel.

They were all wicked. 16:4 And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. 16:5 Then Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel came up to Jerusalem to war: and they besieged Ahaz, but could not overcome him.

Syria has joined up with Israel to attack Judah. Judah opens up the door for the destruction of Israel Judah calls up with Assyria. Israel + Syria

Judah + Assyria

16:6 At that time Rezin king of Syria recovered Elath to Syria, and drave the Jews from Elath: and the Syrians came to Elath, and dwelt there unto this day. 16:7 So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me.

He is making an alliance with Assyria to come up and help. 16:8 And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the king of Assyria. 16:9 And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin. 16:10 And king Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and saw an altar that was at Damascus: and king Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar, and the pattern of it, according to all the workmanship thereof.

Ahaz saw the altar. This is Assyrian power that Ahaz is coveting. They just sacked that land, and they brought their religious items there. King Ahaz go up and copies the design of the alter of the defeated kingdom and makes another alter in it place. 2 Chor 28 – lists the things that he has done


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16:11 And Urijah the priest built an altar according to all that king Ahaz had sent from Damascus: so Urijah the priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus. 16:12 And when the king was come from Damascus, the king saw the altar: and the king approached to the altar, and offered thereon. 16:13 And he burnt his burnt offering and his meat offering, and poured his drink offering, and sprinkled the blood of his peace offerings, upon the altar. 16:14 And he brought also the brasen altar, which was before the LORD, from the forefront of the house, from between the altar and the house of the LORD, and put it on the north side of the altar.

He switched the altar of burnt offering with this idol. The image was there instead of the altar of burnt offering that was part of the Assyrian religion. (*PO study from the aspect of the sanctuary. What did the AOB represent and putting this there represents what?) He sent written instructions to how to make the image there, when he got back it was ready. He believed that the gods of Assyria were more powerful than the God of Israel. He didn’t fully reject the God of Israel. He put it in a secondary location. It was in a second-class position. 16:15 And king Ahaz commanded Urijah the priest, saying, Upon the great altar burn the morning burnt offering, and the evening meat offering, and the king's burnt sacrifice, and his meat offering, with the burnt offering of all the people of the land, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings; and sprinkle upon it all the blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice: and the brasen altar shall be for me to enquire by. 16:16 Thus did Urijah the priest, according to all that king Ahaz commanded. 16:17 And king Ahaz cut off the borders of the bases, and removed the laver from off them; and took down the sea from off the brasen oxen that were under it, and put it upon a pavement of stones. 16:18 And the covert for the sabbath that they had built in the house, and the king's entry without, turned he from the house of the LORD for the king of Assyria. 16:19 Now the rest of the acts of Ahaz which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 16:20 And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to Isaiah 7 to 12.


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Chapter 17 Hoshea, says I’m not going to be your servant anymore, going to Egypt to get help, (Silly Dove). Israel got their last message from Hosea. Messengers from Hezekiah invited them to the Passover. Now look what happens 17:1 In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years. 17:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him. 17:3 Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.

He forced him to give tribute. 17:4 And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

The King of Israel was paying tribute to the king of Assyria, but then they thought they would get help from Egypt, so they stopped paying tribute to the King of Assyria, and made deals with Egypt. Then the king came and put him in prison. He must have got out of prison because he is king later on in this chapter. 17:5 Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.

For 3 years Samaria is besieged 17:6 In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

They took the Israelites and put them in different parts of their empire where the people had different languages. Then we see that this happened because they didn’t follow the Lord. Spread out through all the different lands. 17:7 For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods, 17:8 And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made. 17:9 And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. 17:10 And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree: 17:11 And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger:


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17:12 For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing. 17:13 Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

All these prophets that came to turn them around were now a testimony against them because they refused the messages. (*PO same will happen with EGW) 17:14 Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God.

They would not hear. 17:15 And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them. 17:16 And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal.

Left all the commandments of God, calf worship, astrology. The 2 calves were still there from the split with Jereboam up to that time. 17:17 And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger.

The writer wants all to know that the Lord didn't forsake them, they forsook the Lord. Pass though the fire – sacrifice their children. During this time period was Micah. This is what God did with my past, but its also for my present, and future. 17:18 Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

Only Judah was left 17:19 Also Judah kept not the commandments of the LORD their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made.

Hezekiah's revival died out. 17:20 And the LORD rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of his sight. 17:21 For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam drave Israel from following the LORD, and made them sin a great sin. 17:22 For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them; 17:23 Until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.


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17:24 And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.

The king of Assyria took men from Babylon and put them in Samaria. 17:25 And so it was at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not the LORD: therefore the LORD sent lions among them, which slew some of them. 17:26 Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the God of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the manner of the God of the land. 17:27 Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the manner of the God of the land. 17:28 Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the LORD. 17:29 Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt. 17:30 And the men of Babylon made Succothbenoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima, 17:31 And the Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. 17:32 So they feared the LORD, and made unto themselves of the lowest of them priests of the high places, which sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places. 17:33 They feared the LORD, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations whom they carried away from thence. 17:34 Unto this day they do after the former manners: they fear not the LORD, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law and commandment which the LORD commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel; 17:35 With whom the LORD had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them: 17:36 But the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and a stretched out arm, him shall ye fear, and him shall ye worship, and to him shall ye do sacrifice. 17:37 And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods. 17:38 And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods. 17:39 But the LORD your God ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies. 17:40 Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner. 17:41 So these nations feared the LORD, and served their graven images, both their children, and their children's children: as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.


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Chapter 18 Hezekiah, sent the royal family to Lacish, but he stayed at Jerusalem. Assyria took Lacish, because Hezekiah stoped paying trubite. Isa told him to pay the tribute. 185,000 – people, the king mocks them, don’t think your God can save you. Now he has passed just mocking the king but now God, when someone mocks God, that when we need to step back and watch God work. 18:1 Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reign. 18:2 Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Abi, the daughter of Zachariah. 18:3 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did. 18:4 He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it: and he called it Nehushtan.

Hezekiah took down the brazen serpent and images down. The children of Israel worshipped the brazen serpent. 18:5 He trusted in the LORD God of Israel; so that after him was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him.

Micah's work was bearing fruit even though he was now gone. 18:6 For he clave to the LORD, and departed not from following him, but kept his commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses. 18:7 And the LORD was with him; and he prospered whithersoever he went forth: and he rebelled against the king of Assyria, and served him not.

Ahaz paid tribute to Assyria to get protection from Syria and Israel. Ahaz had a connection with Assyria. When Hezekiah took the throne he rebelled. He asserted his independence. 18:8 He smote the Philistines, even unto Gaza, and the borders thereof, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. 18:9 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it. 18:10 And at the end of three years they took it: even in the sixth year of Hezekiah, that is the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was taken. 18:11 And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes: 18:12 Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.


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18:13 Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them. 18:14 And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.

Hezekiah paid it an then they came to take Jerusalem anyway. 18:15 And Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house. 18:16 At that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the LORD, and from the pillars which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria. 18:17 And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rabshakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller's field. 18:18 And when they had called to the king, there came out to them Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder. 18:19 And Rabshakeh said unto them, Speak ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? 18:20 Thou sayest, (but they are but vain words,) I have counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me? 18:21 Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him. 18:22 But if ye say unto me, We trust in the LORD our God: is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem? 18:23 Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my lord the king of Assyria, and I will deliver thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them. 18:24 How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? 18:25 Am I now come up without the LORD against this place to destroy it? The LORD said to me, Go up against this land, and destroy it. 18:26 Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews' language in the ears of the people that are on the wall. 18:27 But Rabshakeh said unto them, Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men which sit on the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you? 18:28 Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and spake, saying, Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria:


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18:29 Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you out of his hand: 18:30 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. 18:31 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me, and then eat ye every man of his own vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his cistern: 18:32 Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye may live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. 18:33 Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered at all his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria? 18:34 Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah? have they delivered Samaria out of mine hand? 18:35 Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country out of mine hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of mine hand? 18:36 But the people held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king's commandment was, saying, Answer him not. 18:37 Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.

Now go to Isaiah 13 through 27.


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Chapter 19 Isaiah is speaking during this time period – he does not just deal with rebukes, judgement on Gods, emenitys, dealing with the coming of Christ, the destruction of the worlD. 19:1 And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD. 19:2 And he sent Eliakim, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.

Maybe God will hear. 19:3 And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. 19:4 It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that are left. 19:5 So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. 19:6 And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words which thou hast heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. 19:7 Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land. 19:8 So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. 19:9 And when he heard say of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is come out to fight against thee: he sent messengers again unto Hezekiah, saying, 19:10 Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. 19:11 Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered? 19:12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Thelasar? 19:13 Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivah? 19:14 And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. 19:15 And Hezekiah prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth. 19:16 LORD, bow down thine ear, and hear: open, LORD, thine eyes, and see: and hear the words of


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Sennacherib, which hath sent him to reproach the living God. 19:17 Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations and their lands, 19:18 And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them. 19:19 Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD God, even thou only. 19:20 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, That which thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard. 19:21 This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee. 19:22 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel. 19:23 By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel. 19:24 I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places. 19:25 Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps. 19:26 Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up. 19:27 But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me. 19:28 Because thy rage against me and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. 19:29 And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such things as grow of themselves, and in the second year that which springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruits thereof. 19:30 And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall yet again take root downward, and bear fruit upward. 19:31 For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. 19:32 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it.

He will not come into this city, I will defend it for my sake 19:33 By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the


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LORD. 19:34 For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake. 19:35 And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.

Angel kills the 185000 19:36 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh. 19:37 And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword: and they escaped into the land of Armenia. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 20 20:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live. 20:2 Then he turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, saying, 20:3 I beseech thee, O LORD, remember now how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. 20:4 And it came to pass, afore Isaiah was gone out into the middle court, that the word of the LORD came to him, saying, 20:5 Turn again, and tell Hezekiah the captain of my people, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will heal thee: on the third day thou shalt go up unto the house of the LORD. 20:6 And I will add unto thy days fifteen years; and I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend this city for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake. 20:7 And Isaiah said, Take a lump of figs. And they took and laid it on the boil, and he recovered. 20:8 And Hezekiah said unto Isaiah, What shall be the sign that the LORD will heal me, and that I shall go up into the house of the LORD the third day? 20:9 And Isaiah said, This sign shalt thou have of the LORD, that the LORD will do the thing that he hath spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees? 20:10 And Hezekiah answered, It is a light thing for the shadow to go down ten degrees: nay, but let the shadow return backward ten degrees. 20:11 And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the LORD: and he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down in the dial of Ahaz. 20:12 At that time Berodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah: for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick. 20:13 And Hezekiah hearkened unto them, and shewed them all the house of his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. 20:14 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country, even from Babylon. 20:15 And he said, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah answered, All the things that are in mine house have they seen: there is nothing among my treasures that I have not shewed them. 20:16 And Isaiah said unto Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD. 20:17 Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store unto this day, shall be carried into Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD.


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20:18 And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. 20:19 Then said Hezekiah unto Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD which thou hast spoken. And he said, Is it not good, if peace and truth be in my days? 20:20 And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made a pool, and a conduit, and brought water into the city, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 20:21 And Hezekiah slept with his fathers: and Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 21 21:1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hephzibah. 21:2 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, after the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out before the children of Israel. 21:3 For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel; and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

Altars for Baal. 21:4 And he built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD said, In Jerusalem will I put my name. 21:5 And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the LORD. 21:6 And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. 21:7 And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the house, of which the LORD said to David, and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: 21:8 Neither will I make the feet of Israel move any more out of the land which I gave their fathers; only if they will observe to do according to all that I have commanded them, and according to all the law that my servant Moses commanded them. 21:9 But they hearkened not: and Manasseh seduced them to do more evil than did the nations whom the LORD destroyed before the children of Israel.

Worse than nations that were chased out. 21:10 And the LORD spake by his servants the prophets, saying, 21:11 Because Manasseh king of Judah hath done these abominations, and hath done wickedly above all that the Amorites did, which were before him, and hath made Judah also to sin with his idols: 21:12 Therefore thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Behold, I am bringing such evil upon Jerusalem and Judah, that whosoever heareth of it, both his ears shall tingle. 21:13 And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab: and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down.

“line of Samaria” – Samaria has already been judged and found wanting. Now the same measuring rod is coming over Judah. “plummet of the house of Ahab” – Ahab was found wanting and his dynasty was destroyed. 21:14 And I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance, and deliver them into the hand of their enemies; and they shall become a prey and a spoil to all their enemies;


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21:15 Because they have done that which was evil in my sight, and have provoked me to anger, since the day their fathers came forth out of Egypt, even unto this day. 21:16 Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the LORD.

SOP Manasseh killed Isaiah. 21:17 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and all that he did, and his sin that he sinned, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 21:18 And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. 21:19 Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Meshullemeth, the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. 21:20 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his father Manasseh did. 21:21 And he walked in all the way that his father walked in, and served the idols that his father served, and worshipped them: 21:22 And he forsook the LORD God of his fathers, and walked not in the way of the LORD. 21:23 And the servants of Amon conspired against him, and slew the king in his own house. 21:24 And the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead. 21:25 Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 21:26 And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza: and Josiah his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to 2 Chronicles 33.


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Chapter 22 22:1 Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Boscath. 22:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left. 22:3 And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, that the king sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, the scribe, to the house of the LORD, saying, 22:4 Go up to Hilkiah the high priest, that he may sum the silver which is brought into the house of the LORD, which the keepers of the door have gathered of the people: 22:5 And let them deliver it into the hand of the doers of the work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD: and let them give it to the doers of the work which is in the house of the LORD, to repair the breaches of the house, 22:6 Unto carpenters, and builders, and masons, and to buy timber and hewn stone to repair the house. 22:7 Howbeit there was no reckoning made with them of the money that was delivered into their hand, because they dealt faithfully. 22:8 And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it. 22:9 And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and brought the king word again, and said, Thy servants have gathered the money that was found in the house, and have delivered it into the hand of them that do the work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD. 22:10 And Shaphan the scribe shewed the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath delivered me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. 22:11 And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes. 22:12 And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Michaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asahiah a servant of the king's, saying, 22:13 Go ye, enquire of the LORD for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us. 22:14 So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her. 22:15 And she said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell the man that sent you to me, 22:16 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the words of the book which the king of Judah hath read: 22:17 Because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, that they might


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provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be kindled against this place, and shall not be quenched. 22:18 But to the king of Judah which sent you to enquire of the LORD, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, As touching the words which thou hast heard; 22:19 Because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the LORD, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before me; I also have heard thee, saith the LORD. 22:20 Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evil which I will bring upon this place. And they brought the king word again.


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Chapter 23 23:1 And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem. 23:2 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD. 23:3 And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant. 23:4 And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel. 23:5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven. 23:6 And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people. 23:7 And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. 23:8 And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city. 23:9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren. 23:10 And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. 23:11 And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire. 23:12 And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. 23:13 And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. 23:14 And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones


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of men. 23:15 Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove. 23:16 And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words. 23:17 Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel. 23:18 And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria. 23:19 And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel. 23:20 And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem. 23:21 And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant. 23:22 Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; 23:23 But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem. 23:24 Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD. 23:25 And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him. 23:26 Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal. 23:27 And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there. 23:28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 23:29 In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him. 23:30 And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and


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buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead. 23:31 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 23:32 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done. 23:33 And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold. 23:34 And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there. 23:35 And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh. 23:36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. 23:37 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.


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Chapter 24 24:1 In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years: then he turned and rebelled against him. 24:2 And the LORD sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servants the prophets. 24:3 Surely at the commandment of the LORD came this upon Judah, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he did; 24:4 And also for the innocent blood that he shed: for he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; which the LORD would not pardon. 24:5 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 24:6 So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead. 24:7 And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land: for the king of Babylon had taken from the river of Egypt unto the river Euphrates all that pertained to the king of Egypt. 24:8 Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother's name was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. 24:9 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father had done. 24:10 At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged. 24:11 And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the city, and his servants did besiege it. 24:12 And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign. 24:13 And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD, as the LORD had said. 24:14 And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land. 24:15 And he carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king's mother, and the king's wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the land, those carried he into captivity from Jerusalem to Babylon. 24:16 And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and craftsmen and smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. 24:17 And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah.


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24:18 Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 24:19 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done. 24:20 For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.


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Chapter 25 25:1 And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about. 25:2 And the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah. 25:3 And on the ninth day of the fourth month the famine prevailed in the city, and there was no bread for the people of the land. 25:4 And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's garden: (now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went the way toward the plain. 25:5 And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from him. 25:6 So they took the king, and brought him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him. 25:7 And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him with fetters of brass, and carried him to Babylon. 25:8 And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem: 25:9 And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and every great man's house burnt he with fire. 25:10 And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about. 25:11 Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of the multitude, did Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carry away. 25:12 But the captain of the guard left of the poor of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen. 25:13 And the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, did the Chaldees break in pieces, and carried the brass of them to Babylon. 25:14 And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away. 25:15 And the firepans, and the bowls, and such things as were of gold, in gold, and of silver, in silver, the captain of the guard took away. 25:16 The two pillars, one sea, and the bases which Solomon had made for the house of the LORD; the brass of all these vessels was without weight. 25:17 The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and the chapiter upon it was brass: and the height of the chapiter three cubits; and the wreathen work, and pomegranates upon the chapiter round about, all of brass: and like unto these had the second pillar with wreathen work.


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25:18 And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door: 25:19 And out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of war, and five men of them that were in the king's presence, which were found in the city, and the principal scribe of the host, which mustered the people of the land, and threescore men of the people of the land that were found in the city: 25:20 And Nebuzaradan captain of the guard took these, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah: 25:21 And the king of Babylon smote them, and slew them at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away out of their land. 25:22 And as for the people that remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler. 25:23 And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men. 25:24 And Gedaliah sware to them, and to their men, and said unto them, Fear not to be the servants of the Chaldees: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon; and it shall be well with you. 25:25 But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, came, and ten men with him, and smote Gedaliah, that he died, and the Jews and the Chaldees that were with him at Mizpah. 25:26 And all the people, both small and great, and the captains of the armies, arose, and came to Egypt: for they were afraid of the Chaldees. 25:27 And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evilmerodach king of Babylon in the year that he began to reign did lift up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison; 25:28 And he spake kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon; 25:29 And changed his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually before him all the days of his life. 25:30 And his allowance was a continual allowance given him of the king, a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life.


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2nd Chronicles Introduction See Introduction to 1–2 Chronicles. For an outline for 2 Chronicles, see Outline for 1–2 Chronicles. The beginning of what is today called 2 Chronicles comes midway in the second major section of Chronicles, on the united kingdom of David and Solomon (1 Chronicles 10–2 Chronicles 9). The Solomonic narrative (2 Chronicles 1–9) marks the successful completion of what David began (1 Chronicles 10–29). God declares the meaning of the temple as the place of repentance and restoration, and as the charter for the future of the kingdom (2 Chron. 7:11–22). The third major section (chs. 10–36) recounts the history of the kingdom from its division until the fall of Judah and the exile, ending in the invitation for the exiles to return to Judea and rebuild (36:22–23). The Chronicler's account of Solomon's reign is basically a continuation of his narrative about David, as both father and son rule over all the land and all the people; what David begins, Solomon completes. After David, Solomon's reign (chs. 1–9) is given the most extensive treatment in Chronicles, yet there is less interest in the king himself than in the abiding achievement of his reign: the successful construction of the temple and the inauguration of its regular services. Solomon's obedience here marks the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant. The Chronicler omits many of the personal details of Solomon's life found in 1 Kings 1–11, both negative and positive, to concentrate on this theme. 2 Chronicles Chapter Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Solomon asks for wisdom Appointing of building of the temple Measurements of the temple The ornaments and vessels of the temple Ark brought in and dedication of temple The prayer of Solomon Solomon’s sacrifice and God’s conditional promise Visit of Queen Sheba and death of Solomon


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Chapter 1 1:1 And Solomon the son of David was strengthened in his kingdom, and the LORD his God was with him, and magnified him exceedingly. 1:2 Then Solomon spake unto all Israel, to the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and to the judges, and to every governor in all Israel, the chief of the fathers. 1:3 So Solomon, and all the congregation with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon; for there was the tabernacle of the congregation of God, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in the wilderness. 1:4 But the ark of God had David brought up from Kirjathjearim to the place which David had prepared for it: for he had pitched a tent for it at Jerusalem. 1:5 Moreover the brasen altar, that Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, had made, he put before the tabernacle of the LORD: and Solomon and the congregation sought unto it. 1:6 And Solomon went up thither to the brasen altar before the LORD, which was at the tabernacle of the congregation, and offered a thousand burnt offerings upon it. 1:7 In that night did God appear unto Solomon, and said unto him, Ask what I shall give thee. 1:8 And Solomon said unto God, Thou hast shewed great mercy unto David my father, and hast made me to reign in his stead. 1:9 Now, O LORD God, let thy promise unto David my father be established: for thou hast made me king over a people like the dust of the earth in multitude. 1:10 Give me now wisdom and knowledge, that I may go out and come in before this people: for who can judge this thy people, that is so great? 1:11 And God said to Solomon, Because this was in thine heart, and thou hast not asked riches, wealth, or honour, nor the life of thine enemies, neither yet hast asked long life; but hast asked wisdom and knowledge for thyself, that thou mayest judge my people, over whom I have made thee king: 1:12 Wisdom and knowledge is granted unto thee; and I will give thee riches, and wealth, and honour, such as none of the kings have had that have been before thee, neither shall there any after thee have the like. 1:13 Then Solomon came from his journey to the high place that was at Gibeon to Jerusalem, from before the tabernacle of the congregation, and reigned over Israel. 1:14 And Solomon gathered chariots and horsemen: and he had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, which he placed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. 1:15 And the king made silver and gold at Jerusalem as plenteous as stones, and cedar trees made he as the sycomore trees that are in the vale for abundance. 1:16 And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the king's merchants received the linen yarn at a price. 1:17 And they fetched up, and brought forth out of Egypt a chariot for six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so brought they out horses for all the kings of the Hittites, and for


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the kings of Syria, by their means.


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Chapter 2 2:1 And Solomon determined to build an house for the name of the LORD, and an house for his kingdom. 2:2 And Solomon told out threescore and ten thousand men to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand to hew in the mountain, and three thousand and six hundred to oversee them. 2:3 And Solomon sent to Huram the king of Tyre, saying, As thou didst deal with David my father, and didst send him cedars to build him an house to dwell therein, even so deal with me. 2:4 Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the LORD our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel. 2:5 And the house which I build is great: for great is our God above all gods. 2:6 But who is able to build him an house, seeing the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain him? who am I then, that I should build him an house, save only to burn sacrifice before him? 2:7 Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide. 2:8 Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, 2:9 Even to prepare me timber in abundance: for the house which I am about to build shall be wonderful great. 2:10 And, behold, I will give to thy servants, the hewers that cut timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil. 2:11 Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the LORD hath loved his people, he hath made thee king over them. 2:12 Huram said moreover, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, that made heaven and earth, who hath given to David the king a wise son, endued with prudence and understanding, that might build an house for the LORD, and an house for his kingdom. 2:13 And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with understanding, of Huram my father's, 2:14 The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father. 2:15 Now therefore the wheat, and the barley, the oil, and the wine, which my lord hath spoken of, let him send unto his servants: 2:16 And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need: and we will bring it to thee in floats by sea to Joppa; and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem.


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2:17 And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred. 2:18 And he set threescore and ten thousand of them to be bearers of burdens, and fourscore thousand to be hewers in the mountain, and three thousand and six hundred overseers to set the people a work.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where the LORD appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. 3:2 And he began to build in the second day of the second month, in the fourth year of his reign. 3:3 Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits. 3:4 And the porch that was in the front of the house, the length of it was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the height was an hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it within with pure gold. 3:5 And the greater house he cieled with fir tree, which he overlaid with fine gold, and set thereon palm trees and chains. 3:6 And he garnished the house with precious stones for beauty: and the gold was gold of Parvaim. 3:7 He overlaid also the house, the beams, the posts, and the walls thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold; and graved cherubims on the walls. 3:8 And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits: and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six hundred talents. 3:9 And the weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. And he overlaid the upper chambers with gold. 3:10 And in the most holy house he made two cherubims of image work, and overlaid them with gold. 3:11 And the wings of the cherubims were twenty cubits long: one wing of the one cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was likewise five cubits, reaching to the wing of the other cherub. 3:12 And one wing of the other cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was five cubits also, joining to the wing of the other cherub. 3:13 The wings of these cherubims spread themselves forth twenty cubits: and they stood on their feet, and their faces were inward. 3:14 And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon. 3:15 Also he made before the house two pillars of thirty and five cubits high, and the chapiter that was on the top of each of them was five cubits. 3:16 And he made chains, as in the oracle, and put them on the heads of the pillars; and made an hundred pomegranates, and put them on the chains. 3:17 And he reared up the pillars before the temple, one on the right hand, and the other on the left; and called the name of that on the right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz.


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Chapter 4 4:1 Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof. 4:2 Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. 4:3 And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast. 4:4 It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. 4:5 And the thickness of it was an handbreadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths. 4:6 He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in. 4:7 And he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left. 4:8 He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of gold. 4:9 Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass. 4:10 And he set the sea on the right side of the east end, over against the south. 4:11 And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God; 4:12 To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars; 4:13 And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars. 4:14 He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases; 4:15 One sea, and twelve oxen under it. 4:16 The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house of the LORD of bright brass. 4:17 In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah. 4:18 Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out.


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4:19 And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the shewbread was set; 4:20 Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold; 4:21 And the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that perfect gold; 4:22 And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Thus all the work that Solomon made for the house of the LORD was finished: and Solomon brought in all the things that David his father had dedicated; and the silver, and the gold, and all the instruments, put he among the treasures of the house of God. 5:2 Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion. 5:3 Wherefore all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto the king in the feast which was in the seventh month. 5:4 And all the elders of Israel came; and the Levites took up the ark. 5:5 And they brought up the ark, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, these did the priests and the Levites bring up. 5:6 Also king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel that were assembled unto him before the ark, sacrificed sheep and oxen, which could not be told nor numbered for multitude. 5:7 And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD unto his place, to the oracle of the house, into the most holy place, even under the wings of the cherubims: 5:8 For the cherubims spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubims covered the ark and the staves thereof above. 5:9 And they drew out the staves of the ark, that the ends of the staves were seen from the ark before the oracle; but they were not seen without. And there it is unto this day. 5:10 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables which Moses put therein at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of Egypt. 5:11 And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place: (for all the priests that were present were sanctified, and did not then wait by course: 5:12 Also the Levites which were the singers, all of them of Asaph, of Heman, of Jeduthun, with their sons and their brethren, being arrayed in white linen, having cymbals and psalteries and harps, stood at the east end of the altar, and with them an hundred and twenty priests sounding with trumpets:) 5:13 It came even to pass, as the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking the LORD; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of musick, and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house of the LORD; 5:14 So that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of God.


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Chapter 6 6:1 Then said Solomon, The LORD hath said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. 6:2 But I have built an house of habitation for thee, and a place for thy dwelling for ever. 6:3 And the king turned his face, and blessed the whole congregation of Israel: and all the congregation of Israel stood. 6:4 And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who hath with his hands fulfilled that which he spake with his mouth to my father David, saying, 6:5 Since the day that I brought forth my people out of the land of Egypt I chose no city among all the tribes of Israel to build an house in, that my name might be there; neither chose I any man to be a ruler over my people Israel: 6:6 But I have chosen Jerusalem, that my name might be there; and have chosen David to be over my people Israel. 6:7 Now it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. 6:8 But the LORD said to David my father, Forasmuch as it was in thine heart to build an house for my name, thou didst well in that it was in thine heart: 6:9 Notwithstanding thou shalt not build the house; but thy son which shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house for my name. 6:10 The LORD therefore hath performed his word that he hath spoken: for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and am set on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built the house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. 6:11 And in it have I put the ark, wherein is the covenant of the LORD, that he made with the children of Israel. 6:12 And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands: 6:13 For Solomon had made a brasen scaffold, of five cubits long, and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, and had set it in the midst of the court: and upon it he stood, and kneeled down upon his knees before all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven, 6:14 And said, O LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee in the heaven, nor in the earth; which keepest covenant, and shewest mercy unto thy servants, that walk before thee with all their hearts: 6:15 Thou which hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou hast promised him; and spakest with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine hand, as it is this day. 6:16 Now therefore, O LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that which thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man in my sight to sit upon the throne of Israel; yet so that thy children take heed to their way to walk in my law, as thou hast walked before me. 6:17 Now then, O LORD God of Israel, let thy word be verified, which thou hast spoken unto thy servant David.


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6:18 But will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house which I have built! 6:19 Have respect therefore to the prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to hearken unto the cry and the prayer which thy servant prayeth before thee: 6:20 That thine eyes may be open upon this house day and night, upon the place whereof thou hast said that thou wouldest put thy name there; to hearken unto the prayer which thy servant prayeth toward this place. 6:21 Hearken therefore unto the supplications of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, which they shall make toward this place: hear thou from thy dwelling place, even from heaven; and when thou hearest, forgive. 6:22 If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to make him swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house; 6:23 Then hear thou from heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, by requiting the wicked, by recompensing his way upon his own head; and by justifying the righteous, by giving him according to his righteousness. 6:24 And if thy people Israel be put to the worse before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee; and shall return and confess thy name, and pray and make supplication before thee in this house; 6:25 Then hear thou from the heavens, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest to them and to their fathers. 6:26 When the heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; yet if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost afflict them; 6:27 Then hear thou from heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou hast taught them the good way, wherein they should walk; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given unto thy people for an inheritance. 6:28 If there be dearth in the land, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting, or mildew, locusts, or caterpillers; if their enemies besiege them in the cities of their land; whatsoever sore or whatsoever sickness there be: 6:29 Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house: 6:30 Then hear thou from heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, and render unto every man according unto all his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou only knowest the hearts of the children of men:) 6:31 That they may fear thee, to walk in thy ways, so long as they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. 6:32 Moreover concerning the stranger, which is not of thy people Israel, but is come from a far country for thy great name's sake, and thy mighty hand, and thy stretched out arm; if they come and pray in this house; 6:33 Then hear thou from the heavens, even from thy dwelling place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to thee for; that all people of the earth may know thy name, and fear thee, as doth thy people Israel, and may know that this house which I have built is called by thy name.


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6:34 If thy people go out to war against their enemies by the way that thou shalt send them, and they pray unto thee toward this city which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name; 6:35 Then hear thou from the heavens their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause. 6:36 If they sin against thee, (for there is no man which sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them over before their enemies, and they carry them away captives unto a land far off or near; 6:37 Yet if they bethink themselves in the land whither they are carried captive, and turn and pray unto thee in the land of their captivity, saying, We have sinned, we have done amiss, and have dealt wickedly; 6:38 If they return to thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their captivity, whither they have carried them captives, and pray toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, and toward the city which thou hast chosen, and toward the house which I have built for thy name: 6:39 Then hear thou from the heavens, even from thy dwelling place, their prayer and their supplications, and maintain their cause, and forgive thy people which have sinned against thee. 6:40 Now, my God, let, I beseech thee, thine eyes be open, and let thine ears be attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. 6:41 Now therefore arise, O LORD God, into thy resting place, thou, and the ark of thy strength: let thy priests, O LORD God, be clothed with salvation, and let thy saints rejoice in goodness. 6:42 O LORD God, turn not away the face of thine anointed: remember the mercies of David thy servant.


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Chapter 7 7:1 Now when Solomon had made an end of praying, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices; and the glory of the LORD filled the house. 7:2 And the priests could not enter into the house of the LORD, because the glory of the LORD had filled the LORD'S house. 7:3 And when all the children of Israel saw how the fire came down, and the glory of the LORD upon the house, they bowed themselves with their faces to the ground upon the pavement, and worshipped, and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. 7:4 Then the king and all the people offered sacrifices before the LORD. 7:5 And king Solomon offered a sacrifice of twenty and two thousand oxen, and an hundred and twenty thousand sheep: so the king and all the people dedicated the house of God. 7:6 And the priests waited on their offices: the Levites also with instruments of musick of the LORD, which David the king had made to praise the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever, when David praised by their ministry; and the priests sounded trumpets before them, and all Israel stood. 7:7 Moreover Solomon hallowed the middle of the court that was before the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings, because the brasen altar which Solomon had made was not able to receive the burnt offerings, and the meat offerings, and the fat. 7:8 Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast seven days, and all Israel with him, a very great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt. 7:9 And in the eighth day they made a solemn assembly: for they kept the dedication of the altar seven days, and the feast seven days. 7:10 And on the three and twentieth day of the seventh month he sent the people away into their tents, glad and merry in heart for the goodness that the LORD had shewed unto David, and to Solomon, and to Israel his people. 7:11 Thus Solomon finished the house of the LORD, and the king's house: and all that came into Solomon's heart to make in the house of the LORD, and in his own house, he prosperously effected. 7:12 And the LORD appeared to Solomon by night, and said unto him, I have heard thy prayer, and have chosen this place to myself for an house of sacrifice. 7:13 If I shut up heaven that there be no rain, or if I command the locusts to devour the land, or if I send pestilence among my people; 7:14 If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land. 7:15 Now mine eyes shall be open, and mine ears attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. 7:16 For now have I chosen and sanctified this house, that my name may be there for ever: and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually. 7:17 And as for thee, if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked, and do according to all that


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I have commanded thee, and shalt observe my statutes and my judgments; 7:18 Then will I stablish the throne of thy kingdom, according as I have covenanted with David thy father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man to be ruler in Israel. 7:19 But if ye turn away, and forsake my statutes and my commandments, which I have set before you, and shall go and serve other gods, and worship them; 7:20 Then will I pluck them up by the roots out of my land which I have given them; and this house, which I have sanctified for my name, will I cast out of my sight, and will make it to be a proverb and a byword among all nations. 7:21 And this house, which is high, shall be an astonishment to every one that passeth by it; so that he shall say, Why hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and unto this house? 7:22 And it shall be answered, Because they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, which brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, and laid hold on other gods, and worshipped them, and served them: therefore hath he brought all this evil upon them.


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Chapter 8 8:1 And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of the LORD, and his own house, 8:2 That the cities which Huram had restored to Solomon, Solomon built them, and caused the children of Israel to dwell there. 8:3 And Solomon went to Hamathzobah, and prevailed against it. 8:4 And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath. 8:5 Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether, fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars; 8:6 And Baalath, and all the store cities that Solomon had, and all the chariot cities, and the cities of the horsemen, and all that Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and throughout all the land of his dominion. 8:7 As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of Israel, 8:8 But of their children, who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day. 8:9 But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no servants for his work; but they were men of war, and chief of his captains, and captains of his chariots and horsemen. 8:10 And these were the chief of king Solomon's officers, even two hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the people. 8:11 And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David unto the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the LORD hath come. 8:12 Then Solomon offered burnt offerings unto the LORD on the altar of the LORD, which he had built before the porch, 8:13 Even after a certain rate every day, offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts, three times in the year, even in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles. 8:14 And he appointed, according to the order of David his father, the courses of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their charges, to praise and minister before the priests, as the duty of every day required: the porters also by their courses at every gate: for so had David the man of God commanded. 8:15 And they departed not from the commandment of the king unto the priests and Levites concerning any matter, or concerning the treasures. 8:16 Now all the work of Solomon was prepared unto the day of the foundation of the house of the LORD, and until it was finished. So the house of the LORD was perfected. 8:17 Then went Solomon to Eziongeber, and to Eloth, at the sea side in the land of Edom.


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8:18 And Huram sent him by the hands of his servants ships, and servants that had knowledge of the sea; and they went with the servants of Solomon to Ophir, and took thence four hundred and fifty talents of gold, and brought them to king Solomon.


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Chapter 9 9:1 And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove Solomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart. 9:2 And Solomon told her all her questions: and there was nothing hid from Solomon which he told her not. 9:3 And when the queen of Sheba had seen the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he had built, 9:4 And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent by which he went up into the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her. 9:5 And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom: 9:6 Howbeit I believed not their words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thy wisdom was not told me: for thou exceedest the fame that I heard. 9:7 Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom. 9:8 Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the LORD thy God: because thy God loved Israel, to establish them for ever, therefore made he thee king over them, to do judgment and justice. 9:9 And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king Solomon. 9:10 And the servants also of Huram, and the servants of Solomon, which brought gold from Ophir, brought algum trees and precious stones. 9:11 And the king made of the algum trees terraces to the house of the LORD, and to the king's palace, and harps and psalteries for singers: and there were none such seen before in the land of Judah. 9:12 And king Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which she had brought unto the king. So she turned, and went away to her own land, she and her servants. 9:13 Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold; 9:14 Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon. 9:15 And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels of beaten gold went to one target. 9:16 And three hundred shields made he of beaten gold: three hundred shekels of gold went to one shield. And the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.


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9:17 Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with pure gold. 9:18 And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on each side of the sitting place, and two lions standing by the stays: 9:19 And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps. There was not the like made in any kingdom. 9:20 And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold: none were of silver; it was not any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon. 9:21 For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. 9:22 And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. 9:23 And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heart. 9:24 And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, harness, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year. 9:25 And Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen; whom he bestowed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. 9:26 And he reigned over all the kings from the river even unto the land of the Philistines, and to the border of Egypt. 9:27 And the king made silver in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar trees made he as the sycomore trees that are in the low plains in abundance. 9:28 And they brought unto Solomon horses out of Egypt, and out of all lands. 9:29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against Jeroboam the son of Nebat? 9:30 And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. 9:31 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 10 10:1 And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for to Shechem were all Israel come to make him king. 10:2 And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of Solomon the king, heard it, that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt. 10:3 And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying, 10:4 Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee. 10:5 And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And the people departed. 10:6 And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people? 10:7 And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever. 10:8 But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and took counsel with the young men that were brought up with him, that stood before him. 10:9 And he said unto them, What advice give ye that we may return answer to this people, which have spoken to me, saying, Ease somewhat the yoke that thy father did put upon us? 10:10 And the young men that were brought up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou answer the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat lighter for us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 10:11 For whereas my father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 10:12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day. 10:13 And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men, 10:14 And answered them after the advice of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 10:15 So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. 10:16 And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents. 10:17 But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. 10:18 Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.


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10:19 And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.


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Chapter 11 11:1 And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he gathered of the house of Judah and Benjamin an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against Israel, that he might bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam. 11:2 But the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying, 11:3 Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all Israel in Judah and Benjamin, saying, 11:4 Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren: return every man to his house: for this thing is done of me. And they obeyed the words of the LORD, and returned from going against Jeroboam. 11:5 And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defence in Judah. 11:6 He built even Bethlehem, and Etam, and Tekoa, 11:7 And Bethzur, and Shoco, and Adullam, 11:8 And Gath, and Mareshah, and Ziph, 11:9 And Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah, 11:10 And Zorah, and Aijalon, and Hebron, which are in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities. 11:11 And he fortified the strong holds, and put captains in them, and store of victual, and of oil and wine. 11:12 And in every several city he put shields and spears, and made them exceeding strong, having Judah and Benjamin on his side. 11:13 And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel resorted to him out of all their coasts. 11:14 For the Levites left their suburbs and their possession, and came to Judah and Jerusalem: for Jeroboam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest's office unto the LORD: 11:15 And he ordained him priests for the high places, and for the devils, and for the calves which he had made. 11:16 And after them out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their hearts to seek the LORD God of Israel came to Jerusalem, to sacrifice unto the LORD God of their fathers. 11:17 So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam the son of Solomon strong, three years: for three years they walked in the way of David and Solomon. 11:18 And Rehoboam took him Mahalath the daughter of Jerimoth the son of David to wife, and Abihail the daughter of Eliab the son of Jesse; 11:19 Which bare him children; Jeush, and Shamariah, and Zaham. 11:20 And after her he took Maachah the daughter of Absalom; which bare him Abijah, and Attai, and Ziza, and Shelomith.


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11:21 And Rehoboam loved Maachah the daughter of Absalom above all his wives and his concubines: (for he took eighteen wives, and threescore concubines; and begat twenty and eight sons, and threescore daughters.) 11:22 And Rehoboam made Abijah the son of Maachah the chief, to be ruler among his brethren: for he thought to make him king. 11:23 And he dealt wisely, and dispersed of all his children throughout all the countries of Judah and Benjamin, unto every fenced city: and he gave them victual in abundance. And he desired many wives.


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Chapter 12 12:1 And it came to pass, when Rehoboam had established the kingdom, and had strengthened himself, he forsook the law of the LORD, and all Israel with him. 12:2 And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD, 12:3 With twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen: and the people were without number that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians. 12:4 And he took the fenced cities which pertained to Judah, and came to Jerusalem. 12:5 Then came Shemaiah the prophet to Rehoboam, and to the princes of Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak. 12:6 Whereupon the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; and they said, The LORD is righteous. 12:7 And when the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves; therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak. 12:8 Nevertheless they shall be his servants; that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries. 12:9 So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, and took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house; he took all: he carried away also the shields of gold which Solomon had made. 12:10 Instead of which king Rehoboam made shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the chief of the guard, that kept the entrance of the king's house. 12:11 And when the king entered into the house of the LORD, the guard came and fetched them, and brought them again into the guard chamber. 12:12 And when he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned from him, that he would not destroy him altogether: and also in Judah things went well. 12:13 So king Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem, and reigned: for Rehoboam was one and forty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD had chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother's name was Naamah an Ammonitess. 12:14 And he did evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the LORD. 12:15 Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written in the book of Shemaiah the prophet, and of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually. 12:16 And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David: and Abijah his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 13 13:1 Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah. 13:2 He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Michaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam. 13:3 And Abijah set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men: Jeroboam also set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, being mighty men of valour. 13:4 And Abijah stood up upon mount Zemaraim, which is in mount Ephraim, and said, Hear me, thou Jeroboam, and all Israel; 13:5 Ought ye not to know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to David for ever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt? 13:6 Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, is risen up, and hath rebelled against his lord. 13:7 And there are gathered unto him vain men, the children of Belial, and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tenderhearted, and could not withstand them. 13:8 And now ye think to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods. 13:9 Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods. 13:10 But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken him; and the priests, which minister unto the LORD, are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites wait upon their business: 13:11 And they burn unto the LORD every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense: the shewbread also set they in order upon the pure table; and the candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof, to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of the LORD our God; but ye have forsaken him. 13:12 And, behold, God himself is with us for our captain, and his priests with sounding trumpets to cry alarm against you. O children of Israel, fight ye not against the LORD God of your fathers; for ye shall not prosper. 13:13 But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them: so they were before Judah, and the ambushment was behind them. 13:14 And when Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind: and they cried unto the LORD, and the priests sounded with the trumpets. 13:15 Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah. 13:16 And the children of Israel fled before Judah: and God delivered them into their hand.


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13:17 And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men. 13:18 Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied upon the LORD God of their fathers. 13:19 And Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him, Bethel with the towns thereof, and Jeshanah with the towns thereof, and Ephrain with the towns thereof. 13:20 Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of Abijah: and the LORD struck him, and he died. 13:21 But Abijah waxed mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begat twenty and two sons, and sixteen daughters. 13:22 And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the story of the prophet Iddo.


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Chapter 14 14:1 So Abijah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. In his days the land was quiet ten years.

The first 10 years of Asa were quiet. Note: 931 B.C. was the date for the split in the kingdoms. Rehoboam – 931 B.C. Asa – 911 B.C. Jereboam and Nadab were father and son. Bassha and Elah were Father and son. Omri and Ahab were father and son (worse of them all). (*PO Parallel between Father and Son working to bring a kingdom to destruction. God the Father and God the Son work to build a righteous kingdom. SUDY). 14:2 And Asa did that which was good and right in the eyes of the LORD his God: 14:3 For he took away the altars of the strange gods, and the high places, and brake down the images, and cut down the groves: 14:4 And commanded Judah to seek the LORD God of their fathers, and to do the law and the commandment. 14:5 Also he took away out of all the cities of Judah the high places and the images: and the kingdom was quiet before him. 14:6 And he built fenced cities in Judah: for the land had rest, and he had no war in those years; because the LORD had given him rest.

Key text 14:7 Therefore he said unto Judah, Let us build these cities, and make about them walls, and towers, gates, and bars, while the land is yet before us; because we have sought the LORD our God, we have sought him, and he hath given us rest on every side. So they built and prospered. 14:8 And Asa had an army of men that bare targets and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bare shields and drew bows, two hundred and fourscore thousand: all these were mighty men of valour. 14:9 And there came out against them Zerah the Ethiopian with an host of a thousand thousand, and three hundred chariots; and came unto Mareshah.

A thousand thousand is 1 million. 14:10 Then Asa went out against him, and they set the battle in array in the valley of Zephathah at Mareshah. 14:11 And Asa cried unto the LORD his God, and said, LORD, it is nothing with thee to help, whether with many, or with them that have no power: help us, O LORD our God; for we rest on thee, and in thy name we go against this multitude. O LORD, thou art our God; let not man prevail against thee.

Asa's prayer. We didn’t see this in kings. Asa is delivered from the Ethiopians, 14:12 So the LORD smote the Ethiopians before Asa, and before Judah; and the Ethiopians fled.

Here we see that Ethiopia came to attack, Asa prayed and they were delivered. Near the end of the


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reign of Manasseh Nahum began to prophesy. 14:13 And Asa and the people that were with him pursued them unto Gerar: and the Ethiopians were overthrown, that they could not recover themselves; for they were destroyed before the LORD, and before his host; and they carried away very much spoil. 14:14 And they smote all the cities round about Gerar; for the fear of the LORD came upon them: and they spoiled all the cities; for there was exceeding much spoil in them. 14:15 They smote also the tents of cattle, and carried away sheep and camels in abundance, and returned to Jerusalem.


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Chapter 15 15:1 And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded:

This man has the gift of prophecy. Note: Ahijah intervened during Jeroboam's time. Jehu prophesied death of Baasha. Ahijah prophesied during the reign of Solomon that rehoboam would become king. Shemiah told rehobaom not to attack Israel when they split. God sent a lot of prophets. 15:2 And he went out to meet Asa, and said unto him, Hear ye me, Asa, and all Judah and Benjamin; The LORD is with you, while ye be with him; and if ye seek him, he will be found of you; but if ye forsake him, he will forsake you.

Conditional nature of God's promises. Condition. He offers a covenant with God. Azariah came to him 15:3 Now for a long season Israel hath been without the true God, and without a teaching priest, and without law. 15:4 But when they in their trouble did turn unto the LORD God of Israel, and sought him, he was found of them. 15:5 And in those times there was no peace to him that went out, nor to him that came in, but great vexations were upon all the inhabitants of the countries. 15:6 And nation was destroyed of nation, and city of city: for God did vex them with all adversity. 15:7 Be ye strong therefore, and let not your hands be weak: for your work shall be rewarded. 15:8 And when Asa heard these words, and the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominable idols out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had taken from mount Ephraim, and renewed the altar of the LORD, that was before the porch of the LORD. 15:9 And he gathered all Judah and Benjamin, and the strangers with them out of Ephraim and Manasseh, and out of Simeon: for they fell to him out of Israel in abundance, when they saw that the LORD his God was with him.

This shows the end results. God was with him. these are tribes of Israel in the north. Many people were leaving Israel because Asa was following God. During this time many people were leaving Israel to go with Judah. 15:10 So they gathered themselves together at Jerusalem in the third month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa. 15:11 And they offered unto the LORD the same time, of the spoil which they had brought, seven hundred oxen and seven thousand sheep. 15:12 And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul;

They turned with all their heart and soul to seek God. All their heart is a new covenant term. 15:13 That whosoever would not seek the LORD God of Israel should be put to death, whether small or great, whether man or woman.


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15:14 And they sware unto the LORD with a loud voice, and with shouting, and with trumpets, and with cornets. 15:15 And all Judah rejoiced at the oath: for they had sworn with all their heart, and sought him with their whole desire; and he was found of them: and the LORD gave them rest round about. 15:16 And also concerning Maachah the mother of Asa the king, he removed her from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove: and Asa cut down her idol, and stamped it, and burnt it at the brook Kidron.

At this time Asa took his mother out of a position to have this influence. Kings missed this. As time went on he got more courage to lead them right. 15:17 But the high places were not taken away out of Israel: nevertheless the heart of Asa was perfect all his days. 15:18 And he brought into the house of God the things that his father had dedicated, and that he himself had dedicated, silver, and gold, and vessels. 15:19 And there was no more war unto the five and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa.


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Chapter 16 16:1 In the six and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa Baasha king of Israel came up against Judah, and built Ramah, to the intent that he might let none go out or come in to Asa king of Judah.

This time frame is calculated from the rending of the tribes. Bassha came against Judah. This is where he took Ramah and fortified it. It was 5 miles from Judah. Point: Asa prayed for help against the Ethiopians, but not Baasha. He works on politics and inquiry instead. While Baasha was working against Judah. Because of the alliance Syria came against Israel. And Baasha left to defend the northern frontier. Than Asa went and took Ramah apart. Then the prophet Ahani came and rebuked Asa. And Asa imprisoned him. Asa rejected the Spirit of prophecy. Asa got sick and didn't turn to the Lord. Baasha came to invade Judah. And this is where Asa made his first major mistake. He formed an alliance with Benhadad of Syria. 16:2 Then Asa brought out silver and gold out of the treasures of the house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent to Benhadad king of Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying, 16:3 There is a league between me and thee, as there was between my father and thy father: behold, I have sent thee silver and gold; go, break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me. 16:4 And Benhadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abelmaim, and all the store cities of Naphtali. 16:5 And it came to pass, when Baasha heard it, that he left off building of Ramah, and let his work cease. 16:6 Then Asa the king took all Judah; and they carried away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha was building; and he built therewith Geba and Mizpah. 16:7 And at that time Hanani the seer came to Asa king of Judah, and said unto him, Because thou hast relied on the king of Syria, and not relied on the LORD thy God, therefore is the host of the king of Syria escaped out of thine hand. 16:8 Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubims a huge host, with very many chariots and horsemen? yet, because thou didst rely on the LORD, he delivered them into thine hand. 16:9 For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. Herein thou hast done foolishly: therefore from henceforth thou shalt have wars. 16:10 Then Asa was wroth with the seer, and put him in a prison house; for he was in a rage with him because of this thing. And Asa oppressed some of the people the same time.

Put him in a prison house. 16:11 And, behold, the acts of Asa, first and last, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. 16:12 And Asa in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians.

Asa got ill, but Asa didn't do well at the end of his life. (*PO shows what happens when one is


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faithful and with age lets go of God. Sermon point.) The writer of Chronicles showed that he trusted physicians over man. We should trust God over man. 16:13 And Asa slept with his fathers, and died in the one and fortieth year of his reign. 16:14 And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him.

Now go to 1 Kings 17.


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Chapter 17 – Leadership (PK 191,192)- Teaching, Those leaders that do the most for their subjects get the most from his subjects If you are close to God then draw others to God and then you will become close to them. (pk 192, 195) 17:1 And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened himself against Israel.

Jehosophat reigned in his stead. 17:2 And he placed forces in all the fenced cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the land of Judah, and in the cities of Ephraim, which Asa his father had taken. 17:3 And the LORD was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the first ways of his father David, and sought not unto Baalim;

God was with him. 17:4 But sought to the LORD God of his father, and walked in his commandments, and not after the doings of Israel. 17:5 Therefore the LORD stablished the kingdom in his hand; and all Judah brought to Jehoshaphat presents; and he had riches and honour in abundance. 17:6 And his heart was lifted up in the ways of the LORD: moreover he took away the high places and groves out of Judah. 17:7 Also in the third year of his reign he sent to his princes, even to Benhail, and to Obadiah, and to Zechariah, and to Nethaneel, and to Michaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. 17:8 And with them he sent Levites, even Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebadiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobijah, and Tobadonijah, Levites; and with them Elishama and Jehoram, priests.

Sent Levites 17:9 And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the LORD with them, and went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and taught the people.

“book of the law” – This refers to the writings of Moses. Can refer to all of his books. Deuteronomy very important it contains a lot of the instruction and a call to a covenant experience with God. PK 191 Throughout the kingdom the people were in need of instruction in the law of God. In an understanding of this law lay their safety; by conforming their lives to its requirements they would become loyal both to God and to man. Knowing this, Jehoshaphat took steps to ensure to his people thorough instruction in the Holy Scriptures. The princes in charge of the different portions of his realm were directed to arrange for the faithful ministry of teaching priests. By royal appointment these instructors, working under the direct supervision of the princes, "went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and taught the people." 2 Chronicles 17:7-9. And as many endeavored to understand God's requirements and to put away sin, a revival was effected.


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Jehosophat knew this. The priests were doing more teaching than preaching. The priests were the teachers and the ministers. 17:10 And the fear of the LORD fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands that were round about Judah, so that they made no war against Jehoshaphat.

All these people paid tribute. The rest of the chapter tells of the division of his army. 17:11 Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats. 17:12 And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store. 17:13 And he had much business in the cities of Judah: and the men of war, mighty men of valour, were in Jerusalem. 17:14 And these are the numbers of them according to the house of their fathers: Of Judah, the captains of thousands; Adnah the chief, and with him mighty men of valour three hundred thousand. 17:15 And next to him was Jehohanan the captain, and with him two hundred and fourscore thousand. 17:16 And next him was Amasiah the son of Zichri, who willingly offered himself unto the LORD; and with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valour. 17:17 And of Benjamin; Eliada a mighty man of valour, and with him armed men with bow and shield two hundred thousand. 17:18 And next him was Jehozabad, and with him an hundred and fourscore thousand ready prepared for the war. 17:19 These waited on the king, beside those whom the king put in the fenced cities throughout all Judah.


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Chapter 18 Michaiah prophesied to Ahab and Jehosophat that the Lord would not deliver them. They were both defeated by Syria. Quiz: 1.) Key text: Give the key text that shows Elijah was a man of like passions and the time of the drought. James 5:17 2.) What king of Israel fell through a lattice and tried to capture Elijah and received a prophecy of an early death? Ahaziah 3.) For what did PK say Elijah is a type? Those who will be translated at the end of time. 4.) What symbol in the healing of the waters of Jericho represent? Personal caring contact sharing our faith to uplift others. 5.) What king sacrificed his oldest son as a last resort to avoid defeat at the hand of Israel? The king of Moab. Outline: From King Ahab to; and Jehosophat to During the 3 years from Ahab's victory over Benhadad, through killing Naboth, etc. This shows that he would not turn to God and he allowed Jezebel to still influence him. He was filling up his cup of iniquity. Michaiah the prophet told Ahab would not return. He died. Then Ahaziah became king. Ahab became king in 874 and it ended in 853 B.C. Ahaziah became king in 853 B.C. King Jehosophat began to reign in 872. He was king with his father for a few years. 18:1 Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab.

How did he join 'affinity' with Ahab? He allowed his son to marry Ahab's daughter PK 192 Some years after coming to the throne, Jehoshaphat, now in the height of his prosperity, consented to the marriage of his son, Jehoram, to Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. By this union there was formed between the kingdoms of Judah and Israel an alliance which was not in the order of God and which in a time of crisis brought disaster to the king and to many of his subjects. 18:2 And after certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria. And Ahab killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramothgilead. 18:3 And Ahab king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat king of Judah, Wilt thou go with me to Ramothgilead? And he answered him, I am as thou art, and my people as thy people; and we will be with thee in the war. 18:4 And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray thee, at the word of the LORD to day. 18:5 Therefore the king of Israel gathered together of prophets four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall we go to Ramothgilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for God will deliver it into the king's hand. 18:6 But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him? 18:7 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, by whom we may enquire of the


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LORD: but I hate him; for he never prophesied good unto me, but always evil: the same is Micaiah the son of Imla. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the king say so. 18:8 And the king of Israel called for one of his officers, and said, Fetch quickly Micaiah the son of Imla. 18:9 And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah sat either of them on his throne, clothed in their robes, and they sat in a void place at the entering in of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them. 18:10 And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made him horns of iron, and said, Thus saith the LORD, With these thou shalt push Syria until they be consumed. 18:11 And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to Ramothgilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the hand of the king. 18:12 And the messenger that went to call Micaiah spake to him, saying, Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one assent; let thy word therefore, I pray thee, be like one of theirs, and speak thou good. 18:13 And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, even what my God saith, that will I speak. 18:14 And when he was come to the king, the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go to Ramothgilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And he said, Go ye up, and prosper, and they shall be delivered into your hand. 18:15 And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou say nothing but the truth to me in the name of the LORD? 18:16 Then he said, I did see all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no master; let them return therefore every man to his house in peace. 18:17 And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would not prophesy good unto me, but evil? 18:18 Again he said, Therefore hear the word of the LORD; I saw the LORD sitting upon his throne, and all the host of heaven standing on his right hand and on his left. 18:19 And the LORD said, Who shall entice Ahab king of Israel, that he may go up and fall at Ramothgilead? And one spake saying after this manner, and another saying after that manner. 18:20 Then there came out a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and said, I will entice him. And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? 18:21 And he said, I will go out, and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And the LORD said, Thou shalt entice him, and thou shalt also prevail: go out, and do even so. 18:22 Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of these thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil against thee. 18:23 Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah came near, and smote Micaiah upon the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from me to speak unto thee? 18:24 And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see on that day when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself.


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18:25 Then the king of Israel said, Take ye Micaiah, and carry him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son; 18:26 And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I return in peace. 18:27 And Micaiah said, If thou certainly return in peace, then hath not the LORD spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, all ye people. 18:28 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramothgilead. 18:29 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but put thou on thy robes. So the king of Israel disguised himself; and they went to the battle. 18:30 Now the king of Syria had commanded the captains of the chariots that were with him, saying, Fight ye not with small or great, save only with the king of Israel. 18:31 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, It is the king of Israel. Therefore they compassed about him to fight: but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD helped him; and God moved them to depart from him. 18:32 For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Israel, they turned back again from pursuing him. 18:33 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: therefore he said to his chariot man, Turn thine hand, that thou mayest carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. 18:34 And the battle increased that day: howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the even: and about the time of the sun going down he died.

Next go to 1 Kings 19-22


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Chapter 19 – Setting up the Judges 19:1 And Jehoshaphat the king of Judah returned to his house in peace to Jerusalem. 19:2 And Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to meet him, and said to king Jehoshaphat, Shouldest thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate the LORD? therefore is wrath upon thee from before the LORD.

Why was he helping Ahab? Rebuke of Jehoshapaht by Jehu 19:3 Nevertheless there are good things found in thee, in that thou hast taken away the groves out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seek God. 19:4 And Jehoshaphat dwelt at Jerusalem: and he went out again through the people from Beersheba to mount Ephraim, and brought them back unto the LORD God of their fathers.

He went out and taught about the Lord to all of Israel. He helped influence the people to seek God. 19:5 And he set judges in the land throughout all the fenced cities of Judah, city by city,

In kings it says that this happened in the 3rd reign of his judgment. He set up courts of justice. This could have been a second reformation, but it is unclear (SOP uses kings to describe it). He set judges through the land. He was preparing on getting the cities ready for war. 19:6 And said to the judges, Take heed what ye do: for ye judge not for man, but for the LORD, who is with you in the judgment. 19:7 Wherefore now let the fear of the LORD be upon you; take heed and do it: for there is no iniquity with the LORD our God, nor respect of persons, nor taking of gifts.

“taking of gifts” – This refers to bribery. There was no bribery in the court systems. 19:8 Moreover in Jerusalem did Jehoshaphat set of the Levites, and of the priests, and of the chief of the fathers of Israel, for the judgment of the LORD, and for controversies, when they returned to Jerusalem.

PK it called it a court of appeals. It was a court next to where you live, and if things didn't seem right you could appeal to the court in Jerusalem. Psa 82:1, 3, 8 [1] God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods. [3] Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy. [8] Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations.

This psalm fits in with courts of justice and fairness. EGW quoted these verses when she explained the courts system. 19:9 And he charged them, saying, Thus shall ye do in the fear of the LORD, faithfully, and with a perfect heart. 19:10 And what cause soever shall come to you of your brethren that dwell in their cities, between blood and blood, between law and commandment, statutes and judgments, ye shall even warn them that they trespass not against the LORD, and so wrath come upon you, and upon your brethren: this do, and ye shall not trespass.


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19:11 And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the king's matters: also the Levites shall be officers before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the good.

Do it to the Lord


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Chapter 20 20:1 It came to pass after this also, that the children of Moab, and the children of Ammon, and with them other beside the Ammonites, came against Jehoshaphat to battle.

After Jehosophat made a mistake to help Ahab, he accepted the reproof of Jehu, and now he can show that he will trust God but not forming an alliance with anyone. Now the Moabites and ammonites are coming. Note: when Ahaziah became king, Moab rebelled, they were succeeding in their revolution against Israel, then they allied with Ammon to go against Judah. 20:2 Then there came some that told Jehoshaphat, saying, There cometh a great multitude against thee from beyond the sea on this side Syria; and, behold, they be in Hazazontamar, which is Engedi.

Warfare with the Moab and Ammon. 20:3 And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the LORD, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah.

Went after God to help. 20:4 And Judah gathered themselves together, to ask help of the LORD: even out of all the cities of Judah they came to seek the LORD.

All Judah seek the lord because that he had been training. Gathered themselved together without the prompting of the king. They had been lead to God in times of peace. 20:5 And Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem, in the house of the LORD, before the new court, 20:6 And said, O LORD God of our fathers, art not thou God in heaven? and rulest not thou over all the kingdoms of the heathen? and in thine hand is there not power and might, so that none is able to withstand thee? 20:7 Art not thou our God, who didst drive out the inhabitants of this land before thy people Israel, and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for ever? 20:8 And they dwelt therein, and have built thee a sanctuary therein for thy name, saying, 20:9 If, when evil cometh upon us, as the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we stand before this house, and in thy presence, (for thy name is in this house,) and cry unto thee in our affliction, then thou wilt hear and help.

Key text 20:10 And now, behold, the children of Ammon and Moab and mount Seir, whom thou wouldest not let Israel invade, when they came out of the land of Egypt, but they turned from them, and destroyed them not; 20:11 Behold, I say, how they reward us, to come to cast us out of thy possession, which thou hast given us to inherit.


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He is saying I you can help us, but you also gave us this land. 20:12 O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we have no might against this great company that cometh against us; neither know we what to do: but our eyes are upon thee.

PK says that Jehosophat built up the fortifications of Judah, and they did have strength, but here he is not looking at anything he has done as part of the solution. 20:13 And all Judah stood before the LORD, with their little ones, their wives, and their children. Ps 83:1 Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God.

Psalms 83 (this goes with it). Sounds like his prayer Ps 83:4 They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. Ps 83:5 For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:

These two nations with others are a part of this confederacy. Ps 83:9 Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison:

Everyone was wiped out Ps 83:17 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish: Ps 83:18 That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth.

This is why we want God to intervene so others will be convinced of His power, goodness, and justice. Not just for revenge. 20:14 Then upon Jahaziel the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, a Levite of the sons of Asaph, came the Spirit of the LORD in the midst of the congregation;

He is a descendent of Asaph, the one who wrote Psalms. Jahaziel has the SOP now. Psalms 83 is spken by Jahaziel to the congregation. 20:15 And he said, Hearken ye, all Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, and thou king Jehoshaphat, Thus saith the LORD unto you, Be not afraid nor dismayed by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not yours, but God's.

This is hard to remember especially if you are falsely accused. The Battle is God's. 20:16 To morrow go ye down against them: behold, they come up by the cliff of Ziz; and ye shall find them at the end of the brook, before the wilderness of Jeruel. 20:17 Ye shall not need to fight in this battle: set yourselves, stand ye still, and see the salvation of the LORD with you, O Judah and Jerusalem: fear not, nor be dismayed; to morrow go out against them: for the LORD will be with you.

Key text. Stand still


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20:18 And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell before the LORD, worshipping the LORD. 20:19 And the Levites, of the children of the Kohathites, and of the children of the Korhites, stood up to praise the LORD God of Israel with a loud voice on high. 20:20 And they rose early in the morning, and went forth into the wilderness of Tekoa: and as they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood and said, Hear me, O Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem; Believe in the LORD your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, so shall ye prosper.

Trust in the lord. We need to be reminded of this. If God has spoken believe it. KEY TEXT: SOP says that in the last days the last deception among the SDA's are to make non-effect the SOP. This reminds us not to disregard the words of the prophets, we will not prosper if we do this. Secret of peace is to trust in God 20:21 And when he had consulted with the people, he appointed singers unto the LORD, and that should praise the beauty of holiness, as they went out before the army, and to say, Praise the LORD; for his mercy endureth for ever.

This shows confidence. They were just singing. The SOP gave them confidence to go out. This shows that they had faith. If they had a weapon this would mean that they didn't believe. If God said you won't have to fight, why did the singers need a weapon? 20:22 And when they began to sing and to praise, the LORD set ambushments against the children of Ammon, Moab, and mount Seir, which were come against Judah; and they were smitten.

Mt Seir is in Edom. Gen 36:8 Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom.

Esau in mount seir, Esau is Edom. There were Edomites in this battle too. 20:23 For the children of Ammon and Moab stood up against the inhabitants of mount Seir, utterly to slay and destroy them: and when they had made an end of the inhabitants of Seir, every one helped to destroy another.

The Ammonites and Edomites turned on the Moabites in this confusion. 20:24 And when Judah came toward the watch tower in the wilderness, they looked unto the multitude, and, behold, they were dead bodies fallen to the earth, and none escaped. 20:25 And when Jehoshaphat and his people came to take away the spoil of them, they found among them in abundance both riches with the dead bodies, and precious jewels, which they stripped off for themselves, more than they could carry away: and they were three days in gathering of the spoil, it was so much. 20:26 And on the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Berachah; for there they blessed the LORD: therefore the name of the same place was called, The valley of Berachah, unto this day. 20:27 Then they returned, every man of Judah and Jerusalem, and Jehoshaphat in the forefront of them, to go again to Jerusalem with joy; for the LORD had made them to rejoice over their enemies.


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Ps 46:1 God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.

(SOP says this is one of the songs they were singing). This is a key chapter. First three verses deal with great trouble. This sounds like the end of the world with the great earthquake in the 7th plague. Note: Redeemed will be singing 46 when Jesus comes (study in SOP) Ps 46:6, 8-9 [6] The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he uttered his voice, the earth melted. [8] Come, behold the works of the LORD, what desolations he hath made in the earth. [9] He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire.

You do not need a spear or bow, if God will break the bow of your enemies. Ps 46:10 Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth.

Continues in 47 Ps 47:1, 3, 7-8 [1] O clap your hands, all ye people; shout unto God with the voice of triumph. [3] He shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our feet. [7] For God is the King of all the earth: sing ye praises with understanding. [8] God reigneth over the heathen: God sitteth upon the throne of his holiness. Ps 48:1 Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of his holiness.

(PK was sung) Ps 48:2, 4 [2] Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King. [4] For, lo, the kings were assembled, they passed by together.

They came but they didn't touch them. Ps 48:9-11, 14 [9] We have thought of thy lovingkindness, O God, in the midst of thy temple. [10] According to thy name, O God, so is thy praise unto the ends of the earth: thy right hand is full of righteousness. [11] Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daughters of Judah be glad, because of thy judgments. [14] For this God is our God for ever and ever: he will be our guide even unto death.

This is what they sang coming back from the battle. 20:28 And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and trumpets unto the house of the LORD. 20:29 And the fear of God was on all the kingdoms of those countries, when they had heard that the LORD fought against the enemies of Israel.

We see why this would happen. At the end of the chapter Jehosophat allied with Ahaziah (fell through the lattice) they tried to make ships together. 20:30 So the realm of Jehoshaphat was quiet: for his God gave him rest round about. 20:31 And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah: he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.


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20:32 And he walked in the way of Asa his father, and departed not from it, doing that which was right in the sight of the LORD. 20:33 Howbeit the high places were not taken away: for as yet the people had not prepared their hearts unto the God of their fathers. 20:34 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Jehu the son of Hanani, who is mentioned in the book of the kings of Israel. 20:35 And after this did Jehoshaphat king of Judah join himself with Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly:

Jehosphate joined with Ahaziah, whose sister was Jehoshapaht son's wife. 20:36 And he joined himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish: and they made the ships in Eziongeber. 20:37 Then Eliezer the son of Dodavah of Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat, saying, Because thou hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, the LORD hath broken thy works. And the ships were broken, that they were not able to go to Tarshish.

The ships were destroyed. Jehosophat still had problems with alliances. 1 Kings 22:49 tells us that Jehosohphat may have learned his lesson.


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Chapter 21 21:1 Now Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David. And Jehoram his son reigned in his stead.

Here is the other Johoram of Judah. He reigned after Jehosophat died. 21:2 And he had brethren the sons of Jehoshaphat, Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah: all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel. 21:3 And their father gave them great gifts of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fenced cities in Judah: but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram; because he was the firstborn.

Jehoram received the kingdom because he was the first born. 21:4 Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and divers also of the princes of Israel.

If a king dies and doesn't have children, they would be the next in line. So he killed all of his brothers so they wouldn't kill him. 21:5 Jehoram was thirty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.

Jehoram 21:6 And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, like as did the house of Ahab: for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife: and he wrought that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD.

His wife was Athaliah (daughter of Ahab and Jezebel). 21:7 Howbeit the LORD would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a light to him and to his sons for ever. 21:8 In his days the Edomites revolted from under the dominion of Judah, and made themselves a king.

Moab revolts from the control of Israel now Edom revolts against Judah for independence. Edom had to give tribute to Judah because they had dominion. 21:9 Then Jehoram went forth with his princes, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him in, and the captains of the chariots. 21:10 So the Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. The same time also did Libnah revolt from under his hand; because he had forsaken the LORD God of his fathers.

He wasn't successful in bringing them back into subjection. 21:11 Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and compelled Judah thereto.

Jehoram, the son of Jehosphate and grandson of Asa, set up idols. (*PO Spiritual Israel committed fornication..study)


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21:12 And there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of David thy father, Because thou hast not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah,

One of the last things that Elijah did before his translation. He wrote a letter to Jehoram and told him he would be slain. Elijah steps in to deal with Judah 21:13 But hast walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and hast made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a whoring, like to the whoredoms of the house of Ahab, and also hast slain thy brethren of thy father's house, which were better than thyself: 21:14 Behold, with a great plague will the LORD smite thy people, and thy children, and thy wives, and all thy goods: 21:15 And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day.

Philistines and Arabians attacked Judah. 21:16 Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians: 21:17 And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in the king's house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.

This war was a good thing 21:18 And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease. 21:19 And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. 21:20 Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.

He died and he was not missed.


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Chapter 22 22:1 And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his stead: for the band of men that came with the Arabians to the camp had slain all the eldest. So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah reigned.

Ahaziah was another name for Jehoahaz beame king. 22:2 Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.

He reigned one year and his mother's name was Athaliah. He was killed by Jehu. Note: Omri was Ahab's father. All of his descendents were called the house of Omri. He was the first king of Israel in that family line. 42 years old was Ahaziah when we started to reigh. 22:3 He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab: for his mother was his counsellor to do wickedly. 22:4 Wherefore he did evil in the sight of the LORD like the house of Ahab: for they were his counsellors after the death of his father to his destruction. 22:5 He walked also after their counsel, and went with Jehoram the son of Ahab king of Israel to war against Hazael king of Syria at Ramothgilead: and the Syrians smote Joram. 22:6 And he returned to be healed in Jezreel because of the wounds which were given him at Ramah, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria. And Azariah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Jehoram the son of Ahab at Jezreel, because he was sick. 22:7 And the destruction of Ahaziah was of God by coming to Joram: for when he was come, he went out with Jehoram against Jehu the son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of Ahab. 22:8 And it came to pass, that, when Jehu was executing judgment upon the house of Ahab, and found the princes of Judah, and the sons of the brethren of Ahaziah, that ministered to Ahaziah, he slew them. 22:9 And he sought Ahaziah: and they caught him, (for he was hid in Samaria,) and brought him to Jehu: and when they had slain him, they buried him: Because, said they, he is the son of Jehoshaphat, who sought the LORD with all his heart. So the house of Ahaziah had no power to keep still the kingdom. 22:10 But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal of the house of Judah. 22:11 But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she was the sister of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not. 22:12 And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and Athaliah reigned over the land.

Now go to 2 Kings 4


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Chapter 23 Chapter 23 is identical with 2 Kings 11. 23:1 And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him. 23:2 And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. 23:3 And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David. 23:4 This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors; 23:5 And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD. 23:6 But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD. 23:7 And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out. 23:8 So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses. 23:9 Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house of God. 23:10 And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about. 23:11 Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king. 23:12 Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD: 23:13 And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason. 23:14 Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD. 23:15 So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there.


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23:16 And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD'S people. 23:17 Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. 23:18 Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David. 23:19 And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in. 23:20 And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom. 23:21 And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.


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Chapter 24 Chapter 24 gives additional information about Joash. 24:1 Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Zibiah of Beersheba. 24:2 And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all the days of Jehoiada the priest.

More detail is given about how the temple was broken up. It was done by Athaliah's sons did it. 24:3 And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters. 24:4 And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to repair the house of the LORD. 24:5 And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not. 24:6 And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection, according to the commandment of Moses the servant of the LORD, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tabernacle of witness? 24:7 For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all the dedicated things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim. 24:8 And at the king's commandment they made a chest, and set it without at the gate of the house of the LORD.

“chest” – they said it was at the kings commandment, but they worked together to do this. 24:9 And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the LORD the collection that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness. 24:10 And all the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. 24:11 Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the king's office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the king's scribe and the high priest's officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. 24:12 And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the LORD, and also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the LORD. 24:13 So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. 24:14 And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house of the LORD, even vessels to minister, and to offer withal, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the LORD continually all the days of Jehoiada.


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24:15 But Jehoiada waxed old, and was full of days when he died; an hundred and thirty years old was he when he died.

He was honored by being buried with the kings. The people knew that even though he didn't have the title, he was functioning as one. 24:16 And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, both toward God, and toward his house. 24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them. 24:18 And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass.

Joash has turned to idolatry, and he is allowing afflictions to come upon him. 24:19 Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear.

God sent prophets to them. 24:20 And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the LORD, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the LORD, he hath also forsaken you.

Zechariah is one of the prophets that went to him. He rebuked him, and the king stoned him. Joash killed him. 24:21 And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the LORD. 24:22 Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it. 24:23 And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus.

Syria came against them. 24:24 For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men, and the LORD delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash.

Kings told us that he paid of the Syrian army, and here it shows that this army was smaller than Joash's army. The words of Zechariah came to pass. Then it speaks about Amaziah coming to the throne. 24:25 And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.


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24:26 And these are they that conspired against him; Zabad the son of Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess. 24:27 Now concerning his sons, and the greatness of the burdens laid upon him, and the repairing of the house of God, behold, they are written in the story of the book of the kings. And Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.

Now go to 2 Kings 13 and 14.


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Chapter 25 25:1 Amaziah was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. 25:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, but not with a perfect heart.

Speaking of the reign of Amaziah. 25:3 Now it came to pass, when the kingdom was established to him, that he slew his servants that had killed the king his father. 25:4 But he slew not their children, but did as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, where the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the children, neither shall the children die for the fathers, but every man shall die for his own sin.

Nothing going against his law. 25:5 Moreover Amaziah gathered Judah together, and made them captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, according to the houses of their fathers, throughout all Judah and Benjamin: and he numbered them from twenty years old and above, and found them three hundred thousand choice men, able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and shield.

He numbered them and they went to war. Numbering in the OT means going to war. 25:6 He hired also an hundred thousand mighty men of valour out of Israel for an hundred talents of silver. 25:7 But there came a man of God to him, saying, O king, let not the army of Israel go with thee; for the LORD is not with Israel, to wit, with all the children of Ephraim. 25:8 But if thou wilt go, do it, be strong for the battle: God shall make thee fall before the enemy: for God hath power to help, and to cast down.

Amaziah sent the hired soldiers home. They were mad when they left. 25:9 And Amaziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do for the hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel? And the man of God answered, The LORD is able to give thee much more than this. 25:10 Then Amaziah separated them, to wit, the army that was come to him out of Ephraim, to go home again: wherefore their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned home in great anger. 25:11 And Amaziah strengthened himself, and led forth his people, and went to the valley of salt, and smote of the children of Seir ten thousand.

Seir is Edom. He smote them. 25:12 And other ten thousand left alive did the children of Judah carry away captive, and brought them unto the top of the rock, and cast them down from the top of the rock, that they all were broken in pieces. 25:13 But the soldiers of the army which Amaziah sent back, that they should not go with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, from Samaria even unto Bethhoron, and smote three thousand of them, and


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took much spoil. 25:14 Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the children of Seir, and set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense unto them.

This doesn't make sense. If you beat them it means their gods were not stronger than the God of heaven. 25:15 Wherefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Amaziah, and he sent unto him a prophet, which said unto him, Why hast thou sought after the gods of the people, which could not deliver their own people out of thine hand? 25:16 And it came to pass, as he talked with him, that the king said unto him, Art thou made of the king's counsel? forbear; why shouldest thou be smitten? Then the prophet forbare, and said, I know that God hath determined to destroy thee, because thou hast done this, and hast not hearkened unto my counsel. 25:17 Then Amaziah king of Judah took advice, and sent to Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us see one another in the face.

The advice he took was not from the prophet. he took some bad advice from counselors and picked a fight with Joash this is what was covered before. 25:18 And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. 25:19 Thou sayest, Lo, thou hast smitten the Edomites; and thine heart lifteth thee up to boast: abide now at home; why shouldest thou meddle to thine hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee? 25:20 But Amaziah would not hear; for it came of God, that he might deliver them into the hand of their enemies, because they sought after the gods of Edom. 25:21 So Joash the king of Israel went up; and they saw one another in the face, both he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Bethshemesh, which belongeth to Judah. 25:22 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel, and they fled every man to his tent. 25:23 And Joash the king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, at Bethshemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim to the corner gate, four hundred cubits. 25:24 And he took all the gold and the silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of God with Obededom, and the treasures of the king's house, the hostages also, and returned to Samaria. 25:25 And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. 25:26 Now the rest of the acts of Amaziah, first and last, behold, are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? 25:27 Now after the time that Amaziah did turn away from following the LORD they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: but they sent to Lachish after him, and slew him there.


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25:28 And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.

Now go to 2 Kings 15.


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Chapter 26 26:1 Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah.

This tells us of the reign of Uzziah 26:2 He built Eloth, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slept with his fathers. 26:3 Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Jecoliah of Jerusalem. 26:4 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah did. 26:5 And he sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions of God: and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him to prosper.

He listened to a prophet. He was strong and prosperous. The Ammonites were paying tribute 26:6 And he went forth and warred against the Philistines, and brake down the wall of Gath, and the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and built cities about Ashdod, and among the Philistines. 26:7 And God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gurbaal, and the Mehunims. 26:8 And the Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah: and his name spread abroad even to the entering in of Egypt; for he strengthened himself exceedingly. 26:9 Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified them. 26:10 Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry. 26:11 Moreover Uzziah had an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands, according to the number of their account by the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the ruler, under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king's captains.

He had a good army. 26:12 The whole number of the chief of the fathers of the mighty men of valour were two thousand and six hundred. 26:13 And under their hand was an army, three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred, that made war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy. 26:14 And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host shields, and spears, and helmets, and habergeons, and bows, and slings to cast stones. 26:15 And he made in Jerusalem engines, invented by cunning men, to be on the towers and upon the bulwarks, to shoot arrows and great stones withal. And his name spread far abroad; for he was marvellously helped, till he was strong.


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engines 26:16 But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense.

When he was strong he thought he was everything. The priests stood against him. 26:17 And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him fourscore priests of the LORD, that were valiant men: 26:18 And they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him, It appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the LORD, but to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed; neither shall it be for thine honour from the LORD God. 26:19 Then Uzziah was wroth, and had a censer in his hand to burn incense: and while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy even rose up in his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, from beside the incense altar.

He got upset, he thought he was the greatest king since Solomon and David. Geographically he was. He controlled the same amount of land. Then he was struck with leprosy. 26:20 And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they thrust him out from thence; yea, himself hasted also to go out, because the LORD had smitten him. 26:21 And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house, being a leper; for he was cut off from the house of the LORD: and Jotham his son was over the king's house, judging the people of the land. 26:22 Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, did Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, write.

While Uzziah was king. Isaiah began his prophetic office. Although he had leprosy he lived a long time. He and Jothan were co-rulers. Uzziah was in isolation. Jothan was on the throne. And Isaiah came before Uzziah died. He still held the title of king. Now go to Jonah 1 through 4. 26:23 So Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said, He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 27 We pick up with Hezekiah and we will see the affect of Micah's message. They all listened to him. He didn't go into the temple like his dad. 27:1 Jotham was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok. 27:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Uzziah did: howbeit he entered not into the temple of the LORD. And the people did yet corruptly. 27:3 He built the high gate of the house of the LORD, and on the wall of Ophel he built much. 27:4 Moreover he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he built castles and towers. 27:5 He fought also with the king of the Ammonites, and prevailed against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley. So much did the children of Ammon pay unto him, both the second year, and the third.

Got money from them. 27:6 So Jotham became mighty, because he prepared his ways before the LORD his God. 27:7 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars, and his ways, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. 27:8 He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. 27:9 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.

He was wicked. Now go to Isaiah 1 to 6.


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Chapter 28 Amos spoke primarily to the 10 tribes of Israel (addressed both). Isaiah was to Judah (addressed both). Hosea to Israel. Micah (Judah). Micah's strongest impact was during the time of Hosea and right at the reign of Hezekiah. Jeremiah makes reference to Hosea as being the one who brought all of Judah to repentance under Hezekiah. He got the most credit for that reformation. 28:1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD, like David his father:

We pick up with Ahaz. 28:2 For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim.

He brought Baal worship to Judah, which hadn't been there as an official religion since the days of Jehoram. Athaliah's son. That happened 100 years before. Baal worship could have been done privately, but Ahaz made it public. 28:3 Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.

When Israel and Syria formed an alliance they came against Judah while Ahaz was king. God let them do it because Ahaz was wicked. Human sacrificing is described here. 28:4 He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. 28:5 Wherefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter. 28:6 For Pekah the son of Remaliah slew in Judah an hundred and twenty thousand in one day, which were all valiant men; because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. 28:7 And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king's son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king. 28:8 And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much spoil from them, and brought the spoil to Samaria.

When this invasion was made by them. They took a multitude away as captive. 28:9 But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because the LORD God of your fathers was wroth with Judah, he hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth up unto heaven.

Even though God let them come against him. God sent a prophet to let them know they should not keep all those people. 28:10 And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: but are there not with you, even with you, sins against the LORD your God?


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The prophet is telling him not to take this success over Judah as though they are better than they are. Don't over step your bounds in wickedness. 28:11 Now hear me therefore, and deliver the captives again, which ye have taken captive of your brethren: for the fierce wrath of the LORD is upon you.

If you don't set them free God will take care of you. 28:12 Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them that came from the war, 28:13 And said unto them, Ye shall not bring in the captives hither: for whereas we have offended against the LORD already, ye intend to add more to our sins and to our trespass: for our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel. 28:14 So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

The end result was that the soldiers walked away. 28:15 And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: then they returned to Samaria.

The men that were on the side of the prophet took them back. 28:16 At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him.

But Ahaz didn't learn. He made an alliance with Assyria to get even with Syria and Israel. 28:17 For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives.

The Edomites were next door to Judah. The Edomites get a strong rebuke. The whole book of Obadiah is a rebuke to the Edomites for taking advantage of Judah when they were attacked by someone else. 28:18 The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the low country, and of the south of Judah, and had taken Bethshemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages thereof: and they dwelt there. 28:19 For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore against the LORD.

The Lord allowed Judah to decline and be oppressed.

28:20 And Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not. 28:21 For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of the LORD, and out of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria: but he helped him not.

He took all the money to give a gift to Assyria. This king didn't help him anyway. 28:22 And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz.


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28:23 For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.

Ahaz was looking for ancient gods to help him out. Polytheistic was the order of the day. God was teaching them to be monotheistic. This shows a pagan concept and where the king of Judah was. 28:24 And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem.

He said that the God of this house is old. 28:25 And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his fathers. 28:26 Now the rest of his acts and of all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. 28:27 And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

During the Reign of Ahaz, Micah came to be a prophet to Judah. Now go to Micah 1 through 7.


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Chapter 29 We pick up with Hezekiah and we will see the affect of Micah's message. They all listened to him. This chapter deals with Hezekiah bringing in all these things 29:1 Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old, and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. 29:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.

Hezekiah is the son of David, because it’s the same family 29:3 He in the first year of his reign, in the first month, opened the doors of the house of the LORD, and repaired them.

In the first month he did this. As soon as he started to reign he brought back worship of God 29:4 And he brought in the priests and the Levites, and gathered them together into the east street,

He explains that the priest need to study and learn to be priests again. 29:5 And said unto them, Hear me, ye Levites, sanctify now yourselves, and sanctify the house of the LORD God of your fathers, and carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place. 29:6 For our fathers have trespassed, and done that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD our God, and have forsaken him, and have turned away their faces from the habitation of the LORD, and turned their backs. 29:7 Also they have shut up the doors of the porch, and put out the lamps, and have not burned incense nor offered burnt offerings in the holy place unto the God of Israel. 29:8 Wherefore the wrath of the LORD was upon Judah and Jerusalem, and he hath delivered them to trouble, to astonishment, and to hissing, as ye see with your eyes. 29:9 For, lo, our fathers have fallen by the sword, and our sons and our daughters and our wives are in captivity for this. 29:10 Now it is in mine heart to make a covenant with the LORD God of Israel, that his fierce wrath may turn away from us. 29:11 My sons, be not now negligent: for the LORD hath chosen you to stand before him, to serve him, and that ye should minister unto him, and burn incense.

He says we must get it right and the Lord has chosen the priests to stand before us. This is your time to be reformers in Israel. Note: Message to ministers/last day people. 29:12 Then the Levites arose, Mahath the son of Amasai, and Joel the son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites: and of the sons of Merari, Kish the son of Abdi, and Azariah the son of Jehalelel: and of the Gershonites; Joah the son of Zimmah, and Eden the son of Joah: 29:13 And of the sons of Elizaphan; Shimri, and Jeiel: and of the sons of Asaph; Zechariah, and Mattaniah:


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29:14 And of the sons of Heman; Jehiel, and Shimei: and of the sons of Jeduthun; Shemaiah, and Uzziel. 29:15 And they gathered their brethren, and sanctified themselves, and came, according to the commandment of the king, by the words of the LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD. 29:16 And the priests went into the inner part of the house of the LORD, to cleanse it, and brought out all the uncleanness that they found in the temple of the LORD into the court of the house of the LORD. And the Levites took it, to carry it out abroad into the brook Kidron. 29:17 Now they began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day of the month came they to the porch of the LORD: so they sanctified the house of the LORD in eight days; and in the sixteenth day of the first month they made an end. 29:18 Then they went in to Hezekiah the king, and said, We have cleansed all the house of the LORD, and the altar of burnt offering, with all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread table, with all the vessels thereof. 29:19 Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, behold, they are before the altar of the LORD. 29:20 Then Hezekiah the king rose early, and gathered the rulers of the city, and went up to the house of the LORD. 29:21 And they brought seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven lambs, and seven he goats, for a sin offering for the kingdom, and for the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he commanded the priests the sons of Aaron to offer them on the altar of the LORD. 29:22 So they killed the bullocks, and the priests received the blood, and sprinkled it on the altar: likewise, when they had killed the rams, they sprinkled the blood upon the altar: they killed also the lambs, and they sprinkled the blood upon the altar. 29:23 And they brought forth the he goats for the sin offering before the king and the congregation; and they laid their hands upon them: 29:24 And the priests killed them, and they made reconciliation with their blood upon the altar, to make an atonement for all Israel: for the king commanded that the burnt offering and the sin offering should be made for all Israel. 29:25 And he set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, with psalteries, and with harps, according to the commandment of David, and of Gad the king's seer, and Nathan the prophet: for so was the commandment of the LORD by his prophets. 29:26 And the Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets. 29:27 And Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering upon the altar. And when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also with the trumpets, and with the instruments ordained by David king of Israel. 29:28 And all the congregation worshipped, and the singers sang, and the trumpeters sounded: and all this continued until the burnt offering was finished. 29:29 And when they had made an end of offering, the king and all that were present with him bowed themselves, and worshipped.


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29:30 Moreover Hezekiah the king and the princes commanded the Levites to sing praise unto the LORD with the words of David, and of Asaph the seer. And they sang praises with gladness, and they bowed their heads and worshipped. 29:31 Then Hezekiah answered and said, Now ye have consecrated yourselves unto the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD. And the congregation brought in sacrifices and thank offerings; and as many as were of a free heart burnt offerings. 29:32 And the number of the burnt offerings, which the congregation brought, was threescore and ten bullocks, an hundred rams, and two hundred lambs: all these were for a burnt offering to the LORD. 29:33 And the consecrated things were six hundred oxen and three thousand sheep. 29:34 But the priests were too few, so that they could not flay all the burnt offerings: wherefore their brethren the Levites did help them, till the work was ended, and until the other priests had sanctified themselves: for the Levites were more upright in heart to sanctify themselves than the priests.

There were not enough priests to keep up with this reformation. They wanted to learn how to do things right again. 29:35 And also the burnt offerings were in abundance, with the fat of the peace offerings, and the drink offerings for every burnt offering. So the service of the house of the LORD was set in order. 29:36 And Hezekiah rejoiced, and all the people, that God had prepared the people: for the thing was done suddenly.

The reform came quick. Judah made a turn for the better. Hosea was during this time was trying to deal with the wicked Israelites at this time. This was done suddenly. Now go to Hosea 4 through 10.


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Chapter 30 This is about 5 years before the destruction of Israel, and asked for Israel to come and have the Passover. This is the love of God 30:1 And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel.

Hezekiah listened to Micah. He restored the temple services and now he is having a Passover and look at how he invites. 30:2 For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the congregation in Jerusalem, to keep the passover in the second month. 30:3 For they could not keep it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently, neither had the people gathered themselves together to Jerusalem. 30:4 And the thing pleased the king and all the congregation. 30:5 So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all Israel, from Beersheba even to Dan, that they should come to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel at Jerusalem: for they had not done it of a long time in such sort as it was written.

Dan includes northern Israel. He is inviting them after 200 years of being separated. 30:6 So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, Ye children of Israel, turn again unto the LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria. 30:7 And be not ye like your fathers, and like your brethren, which trespassed against the LORD God of their fathers, who therefore gave them up to desolation, as ye see. 30:8 Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath sanctified for ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of his wrath may turn away from you.

God has already told Israel what was coming. He pleads with them. Now He is sending human messengers from Hezekiah saying come to the temple and serve God. This will turn away his wrath. 30:9 For if ye turn again unto the LORD, your brethren and your children shall find compassion before them that lead them captive, so that they shall come again into this land: for the LORD your God is gracious and merciful, and will not turn away his face from you, if ye return unto him. 30:10 So the posts passed from city to city through the country of Ephraim and Manasseh even unto Zebulun: but they laughed them to scorn, and mocked them.

“posts” – Messengers. They were laughed at. They didn't have much success inviting them to the Passover. (*PO we will be laughed to scorn when we invite other SDA's to come and have consecrated worship.) The mocked him.


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30:11 Nevertheless divers of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves, and came to Jerusalem.

Different people came. This turned out to be these people's salvation. God gave one heart 30:12 Also in Judah the hand of God was to give them one heart to do the commandment of the king and of the princes, by the word of the LORD.

Hezekiah is the spiritual leader and king, not the priest however. Not look since Solomon these was 200years latter 30:13 And there assembled at Jerusalem much people to keep the feast of unleavened bread in the second month, a very great congregation. 30:14 And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altars for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron. 30:15 Then they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the second month: and the priests and the Levites were ashamed, and sanctified themselves, and brought in the burnt offerings into the house of the LORD. 30:16 And they stood in their place after their manner, according to the law of Moses the man of God: the priests sprinkled the blood, which they received of the hand of the Levites. 30:17 For there were many in the congregation that were not sanctified: therefore the Levites had the charge of the killing of the passovers for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the LORD. 30:18 For a multitude of the people, even many of Ephraim, and Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did they eat the passover otherwise than it was written. But Hezekiah prayed for them, saying, The good LORD pardon every one 30:19 That prepareth his heart to seek God, the LORD God of his fathers, though he be not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary. 30:20 And the LORD hearkened to Hezekiah, and healed the people.

Spiritual healing of the people. In the 6th year Symeria was taken by Assyria. Assyria is coming down, Hezekiah become in tribute to Assyria. Hezekiah, dug the conduit and had water for as long as he needed. 30:21 And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD.

It was kept for 7 days. 30:22 And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the Levites that taught the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did eat throughout the feast seven days, offering peace offerings, and making confession to the LORD God of their fathers. 30:23 And the whole assembly took counsel to keep other seven days: and they kept other seven days with gladness.


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They did another 7 days. 30:24 For Hezekiah king of Judah did give to the congregation a thousand bullocks and seven thousand sheep; and the princes gave to the congregation a thousand bullocks and ten thousand sheep: and a great number of priests sanctified themselves. 30:25 And all the congregation of Judah, with the priests and the Levites, and all the congregation that came out of Israel, and the strangers that came out of the land of Israel, and that dwelt in Judah, rejoiced. 30:26 So there was great joy in Jerusalem: for since the time of Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in Jerusalem.

First time in over 200 years that Israelites from all the tribes came to have a Passover. Only a minority came from the north. 30:27 Then the priests the Levites arose and blessed the people: and their voice was heard, and their prayer came up to his holy dwelling place, even unto heaven.


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Chapter 31 Images broken down (1-4) 31:1 Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and brake the images in pieces, and cut down the groves, and threw down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had utterly destroyed them all. Then all the children of Israel returned, every man to his possession, into their own cities. 31:2 And Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests and the Levites after their courses, every man according to his service, the priests and Levites for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, to minister, and to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the tents of the LORD. 31:3 He appointed also the king's portion of his substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths, and for the new moons, and for the set feasts, as it is written in the law of the LORD. 31:4 Moreover he commanded the people that dwelt in Jerusalem to give the portion of the priests and the Levites, that they might be encouraged in the law of the LORD. 31:5 And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine, and oil, and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly.

Tithe paying was restored. When the temple was shut down by Ahaz. Tithe paying was taken away and the priests were out of a job. 31:6 And concerning the children of Israel and Judah, that dwelt in the cities of Judah, they also brought in the tithe of oxen and sheep, and the tithe of holy things which were consecrated unto the LORD their God, and laid them by heaps. 31:7 In the third month they began to lay the foundation of the heaps, and finished them in the seventh month. 31:8 And when Hezekiah and the princes came and saw the heaps, they blessed the LORD, and his people Israel. 31:9 Then Hezekiah questioned with the priests and the Levites concerning the heaps. 31:10 And Azariah the chief priest of the house of Zadok answered him, and said, Since the people began to bring the offerings into the house of the LORD, we have had enough to eat, and have left plenty: for the LORD hath blessed his people; and that which is left is this great store.

Once more when the Spirit moved people they gave more than the needed too. 31:11 Then Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the LORD; and they prepared them, 31:12 And brought in the offerings and the tithes and the dedicated things faithfully: over which Cononiah the Levite was ruler, and Shimei his brother was the next. 31:13 And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah, were overseers under the hand of Cononiah and Shimei his brother, at the commandment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house of God.


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31:14 And Kore the son of Imnah the Levite, the porter toward the east, was over the freewill offerings of God, to distribute the oblations of the LORD, and the most holy things. 31:15 And next him were Eden, and Miniamin, and Jeshua, and Shemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah, in the cities of the priests, in their set office, to give to their brethren by courses, as well to the great as to the small: 31:16 Beside their genealogy of males, from three years old and upward, even unto every one that entereth into the house of the LORD, his daily portion for their service in their charges according to their courses; 31:17 Both to the genealogy of the priests by the house of their fathers, and the Levites from twenty years old and upward, in their charges by their courses; 31:18 And to the genealogy of all their little ones, their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, through all the congregation: for in their set office they sanctified themselves in holiness: 31:19 Also of the sons of Aaron the priests, which were in the fields of the suburbs of their cities, in every several city, the men that were expressed by name, to give portions to all the males among the priests, and to all that were reckoned by genealogies among the Levites. 31:20 And thus did Hezekiah throughout all Judah, and wrought that which was good and right and truth before the LORD his God. 31:21 And in every work that he began in the service of the house of God, and in the law, and in the commandments, to seek his God, he did it with all his heart, and prospered. Jer 26:17 Then rose up certain of the elders of the land, and spake to all the assembly of the people, saying,

This verse points to Micah as being the one instrumental in this revival. This was in the future when Judah was in steep apostasy. Some elders rose up. Jer 26:18 Micah the Morasthite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and spake to all the people of Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Zion shall be plowed like a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest.

He is quoting Micah 3:12 in reference to the destruction of the temple. Jer 26:19 Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him at all to death? did he not fear the LORD, and besought the LORD, and the LORD repented him of the evil which he had pronounced against them? Thus might we procure great evil against our souls.

Did they go to kill the prophet? This is what the Elders were asking. The context is in defending Jeremiah. Remember Micah? They listened to him and the destruction didn't come. (*PO this also shows the nature of a conditional prophecy.) Now go to 2 Kings 17 and 18.


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Chapter 32 32:1 After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself. 32:2 And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jerusalem, 32:3 He took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which were without the city: and they did help him. 32:4 So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water? 32:5 Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in abundance. 32:6 And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the street of the gate of the city, and spake comfortably to them, saying, 32:7 Be strong and courageous, be not afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is with him: for there be more with us than with him: 32:8 With him is an arm of flesh; but with us is the LORD our God to help us, and to fight our battles. And the people rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah king of Judah. 32:9 After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem, (but he himself laid siege against Lachish, and all his power with him,) unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that were at Jerusalem, saying, 32:10 Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria, Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem? 32:11 Doth not Hezekiah persuade you to give over yourselves to die by famine and by thirst, saying, The LORD our God shall deliver us out of the hand of the king of Assyria? 32:12 Hath not the same Hezekiah taken away his high places and his altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall worship before one altar, and burn incense upon it? 32:13 Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the people of other lands? were the gods of the nations of those lands any ways able to deliver their lands out of mine hand? 32:14 Who was there among all the gods of those nations that my fathers utterly destroyed, that could deliver his people out of mine hand, that your God should be able to deliver you out of mine hand? 32:15 Now therefore let not Hezekiah deceive you, nor persuade you on this manner, neither yet believe him: for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people out of mine hand, and out of the hand of my fathers: how much less shall your God deliver you out of mine hand? 32:16 And his servants spake yet more against the LORD God, and against his servant Hezekiah. 32:17 He wrote also letters to rail on the LORD God of Israel, and to speak against him, saying, As the gods of the nations of other lands have not delivered their people out of mine hand, so shall not the God


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of Hezekiah deliver his people out of mine hand. 32:18 Then they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' speech unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to affright them, and to trouble them; that they might take the city. 32:19 And they spake against the God of Jerusalem, as against the gods of the people of the earth, which were the work of the hands of man. 32:20 And for this cause Hezekiah the king, and the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz, prayed and cried to heaven. 32:21 And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword. 32:22 Thus the LORD saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and from the hand of all other, and guided them on every side. 32:23 And many brought gifts unto the LORD to Jerusalem, and presents to Hezekiah king of Judah: so that he was magnified in the sight of all nations from thenceforth. 32:24 In those days Hezekiah was sick to the death, and prayed unto the LORD: and he spake unto him, and he gave him a sign. 32:25 But Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem. 32:26 Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the LORD came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah. 32:27 And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour: and he made himself treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of pleasant jewels; 32:28 Storehouses also for the increase of corn, and wine, and oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and cotes for flocks. 32:29 Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance: for God had given him substance very much. 32:30 This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works. 32:31 Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to enquire of the wonder that was done in the land, God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart. 32:32 Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and his goodness, behold, they are written in the vision of Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. 32:33 And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honour at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.


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Chapter 33 33:1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem: 33:2 But did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, like unto the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel. 33:3 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. 33:4 Also he built altars in the house of the LORD, whereof the LORD had said, In Jerusalem shall my name be for ever. 33:5 And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the LORD. 33:6 And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. 33:7 And he set a carved image, the idol which he had made, in the house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen before all the tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: 33:8 Neither will I any more remove the foot of Israel from out of the land which I have appointed for your fathers; so that they will take heed to do all that I have commanded them, according to the whole law and the statutes and the ordinances by the hand of Moses. 33:9 So Manasseh made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, and to do worse than the heathen, whom the LORD had destroyed before the children of Israel. 33:10 And the LORD spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they would not hearken. 33:11 Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.

He was taken to Babylon. 33:12 And when he was in affliction, he besought the LORD his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers,

He humbled himself before the Lord. And repented. And God brought him back to Jerusalem. 33:13 And prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he was God. 33:14 Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height, and put captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. 33:15 And he took away the strange gods, and the idol out of the house of the LORD, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of the LORD, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city.

He took away the gods, altars, and repaired the altar of the Lord. Note: We have the most wicked


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king experiencing true conversion. 33:16 And he repaired the altar of the LORD, and sacrificed thereon peace offerings and thank offerings, and commanded Judah to serve the LORD God of Israel. 33:17 Nevertheless the people did sacrifice still in the high places, yet unto the LORD their God only.

Israel ignored him. He couldn't counteract his evil. 33:18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his God, and the words of the seers that spake to him in the name of the LORD God of Israel, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel. 33:19 His prayer also, and how God was intreated of him, and all his sin, and his trespass, and the places wherein he built high places, and set up groves and graven images, before he was humbled: behold, they are written among the sayings of the seers. 33:20 So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. 33:21 Amon was two and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned two years in Jerusalem. 33:22 But he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as did Manasseh his father: for Amon sacrificed unto all the carved images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them; 33:23 And humbled not himself before the LORD, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but Amon trespassed more and more. 33:24 And his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his own house. 33:25 But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.

Now go to Nahum 1 through 3.


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Chapter 34 34:1 Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years. 34:2 And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the ways of David his father, and declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left. 34:3 For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of David his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. 34:4 And they brake down the altars of Baalim in his presence; and the images, that were on high above them, he cut down; and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images, he brake in pieces, and made dust of them, and strowed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them. 34:5 And he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars, and cleansed Judah and Jerusalem. 34:6 And so did he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, even unto Naphtali, with their mattocks round about. 34:7 And when he had broken down the altars and the groves, and had beaten the graven images into powder, and cut down all the idols throughout all the land of Israel, he returned to Jerusalem. 34:8 Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God. 34:9 And when they came to Hilkiah the high priest, they delivered the money that was brought into the house of God, which the Levites that kept the doors had gathered of the hand of Manasseh and Ephraim, and of all the remnant of Israel, and of all Judah and Benjamin; and they returned to Jerusalem. 34:10 And they put it in the hand of the workmen that had the oversight of the house of the LORD, and they gave it to the workmen that wrought in the house of the LORD, to repair and amend the house: 34:11 Even to the artificers and builders gave they it, to buy hewn stone, and timber for couplings, and to floor the houses which the kings of Judah had destroyed. 34:12 And the men did the work faithfully: and the overseers of them were Jahath and Obadiah, the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and Zechariah and Meshullam, of the sons of the Kohathites, to set it forward; and other of the Levites, all that could skill of instruments of musick. 34:13 Also they were over the bearers of burdens, and were overseers of all that wrought the work in any manner of service: and of the Levites there were scribes, and officers, and porters. 34:14 And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the LORD, Hilkiah the priest found a book of the law of the LORD given by Moses. 34:15 And Hilkiah answered and said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah delivered the book to Shaphan. 34:16 And Shaphan carried the book to the king, and brought the king word back again, saying, All that was committed to thy servants, they do it.


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34:17 And they have gathered together the money that was found in the house of the LORD, and have delivered it into the hand of the overseers, and to the hand of the workmen. 34:18 Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath given me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. 34:19 And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the law, that he rent his clothes. 34:20 And the king commanded Hilkiah, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah a servant of the king's, saying, 34:21 Go, enquire of the LORD for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the LORD, to do after all that is written in this book. 34:22 And Hilkiah, and they that the king had appointed, went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvath, the son of Hasrah, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college:) and they spake to her to that effect. 34:23 And she answered them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell ye the man that sent you to me, 34:24 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the curses that are written in the book which they have read before the king of Judah: 34:25 Because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be poured out upon this place, and shall not be quenched. 34:26 And as for the king of Judah, who sent you to enquire of the LORD, so shall ye say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel concerning the words which thou hast heard; 34:27 Because thine heart was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou heardest his words against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, and humbledst thyself before me, and didst rend thy clothes, and weep before me; I have even heard thee also, saith the LORD. 34:28 Behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, neither shall thine eyes see all the evil that I will bring upon this place, and upon the inhabitants of the same. So they brought the king word again. 34:29 Then the king sent and gathered together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 34:30 And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests, and the Levites, and all the people, great and small: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the LORD. 34:31 And the king stood in his place, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all his heart, and with all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant which are written in this book. 34:32 And he caused all that were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand to it. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers. 34:33 And Josiah took away all the abominations out of all the countries that pertained to the children of Israel, and made all that were present in Israel to serve, even to serve the LORD their God. And all his days they departed not from following the LORD, the God of their fathers.


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Chapter 35 35:1 Moreover Josiah kept a passover unto the LORD in Jerusalem: and they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. 35:2 And he set the priests in their charges, and encouraged them to the service of the house of the LORD, 35:3 And said unto the Levites that taught all Israel, which were holy unto the LORD, Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did build; it shall not be a burden upon your shoulders: serve now the LORD your God, and his people Israel, 35:4 And prepare yourselves by the houses of your fathers, after your courses, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son. 35:5 And stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the families of the fathers of your brethren the people, and after the division of the families of the Levites. 35:6 So kill the passover, and sanctify yourselves, and prepare your brethren, that they may do according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. 35:7 And Josiah gave to the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all for the passover offerings, for all that were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bullocks: these were of the king's substance. 35:8 And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred small cattle, and three hundred oxen. 35:9 Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the Levites for passover offerings five thousand small cattle, and five hundred oxen. 35:10 So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king's commandment. 35:11 And they killed the passover, and the priests sprinkled the blood from their hands, and the Levites flayed them. 35:12 And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer unto the LORD, as it is written in the book of Moses. And so did they with the oxen. 35:13 And they roasted the passover with fire according to the ordinance: but the other holy offerings sod they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and divided them speedily among all the people. 35:14 And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: because the priests the sons of Aaron were busied in offering of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron. 35:15 And the singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun the king's seer; and the porters waited at every gate; they might not depart from their service; for their brethren the Levites prepared for them. 35:16 So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt


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offerings upon the altar of the LORD, according to the commandment of king Josiah. 35:17 And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. 35:18 And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 35:19 In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover kept. 35:20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish by Euphrates: and Josiah went out against him. 35:21 But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah? I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war: for God commanded me to make haste: forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not. 35:22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo. 35:23 And the archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, Have me away; for I am sore wounded. 35:24 His servants therefore took him out of that chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had; and they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died, and was buried in one of the sepulchres of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. 35:25 And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josiah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, they are written in the lamentations. 35:26 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his goodness, according to that which was written in the law of the LORD, 35:27 And his deeds, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.


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Chapter 36 36:1 Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father's stead in Jerusalem. 36:2 Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. 36:3 And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condemned the land in an hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. 36:4 And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and turned his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt. 36:5 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God. 36:6 Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon. 36:7 Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of the LORD to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon. 36:8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead. 36:9 Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD. 36:10 And when the year was expired, king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of the LORD, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem. 36:11 Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. 36:12 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD. 36:13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel. 36:14 Moreover all the chief of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and polluted the house of the LORD which he had hallowed in Jerusalem. 36:15 And the LORD God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising up betimes, and sending; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place: 36:16 But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was no remedy. 36:17 Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldees, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion upon young man or maiden, old man, or him that stooped for age: he gave them all into his hand.


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36:18 And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all these he brought to Babylon. 36:19 And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels thereof. 36:20 And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia: 36:21 To fulfil the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years. 36:22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, 36:23 Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? The LORD his God be with him, and let him go up.


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Proverbs Introduction In Proverbs there are 10 categories of principles of living or wisdom that come up over and over again. One is the importance of listening to your parents.

Author and Date Proverbs itself mentions Solomon (reigned c. 971–931 b.c.) as author or collector of its contents (1:1; 10:1), including the proverbs copied by Hezekiah's men (25:1). There are also two batches of sayings from a group called “the wise” (22:17–24:22; 24:23–34), and “oracles” from Agur (30:1–33) and Lemuel (31:1–9). But no author is named for the song in praise of the excellent wife that ends the book (31:10–31). Solomon's interest in proverbs is corroborated by 1 Kings 4:29–34: “Solomon's wisdom surpassed the wisdom of all the people of the east and all the wisdom of Egypt. . . . He also spoke 3,000 proverbs, and his songs were 1,005.” However, the proverbs mentioned in Kings are not necessarily identical to those of the book of Proverbs. First Kings speaks of Solomon composing proverbs about trees, beasts, birds, reptiles, and fish (1 Kings 4:33), but there are few such sayings in the Solomonic parts of Proverbs. Even so, there is nothing in the Bible to contradict the idea that Solomon was responsible for the portions of this book attributed to him. It is possible that he sponsored those who collected material from other sources (the wise, Agur, and Lemuel), but no one can be sure. At any rate the book does not claim that Solomon put it into its final form, since Hezekiah (see Prov. 25:1) reigned c. 715–686 b.c., long after Solomon's time. In summary, there is nothing that speaks against and much that speaks in favor of dating the materials in Proverbs to the Solomonic era. This does not mean that Solomon personally composed every proverb in the book, and the text does not say that he did. Further, the present form of the book is from a later time than the age of Solomon, but probably no later than Hezekiah.

Theme Proverbs states its theme right at the book's beginning (1:1–7): its goal is to describe and instill “wisdom” in God's people, a wisdom that is founded in the “fear of the Lord” and that works out covenant life in the practical details of everyday situations and relationships.

Key Themes Proverbs covers a wide array of topics from daily life: diligence and laziness (6:6–11); friendship (3:27–28; 18:24); speech (10:19–21); marriage (18:22; 19:14); child rearing (22:6); domestic peace (15:17; 17:1); work (11:1); getting along and good manners (23:1–2; 25:16–17; 26:17–19; 27:14); eternity (14:32; 23:17–18); and much more. In each of these areas it offers wisdom for realizing the life of the covenant in the details; it shows that “godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8). It demonstrates clearly that: 1. God's will is intensely practical, applying to every aspect of his people's lives. A proper relation to God involves, first, trying hard to understand his truth, and then embracing and obeying what one understands.


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2. A life lived by God's will is a happy life (3:21–26). 3. A life lived by God's will is a useful life (3:27–28; 12:18, 25). 4. A life lived by God's will does not just happen; one must seek after it, study, pursue it, and discipline oneself. 5. Such a life is available to those who go after it (9:1–6).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background Proverbs is the prime example of “Wisdom Literature” in the OT, the other books being Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon, together with the wisdom psalms (e.g., Psalm 112). In the NT, James is usually counted as a wisdom book, and parts of Jesus' teaching belong in this category as well. It is sometimes said that the Wisdom Literature is separate from the rest of the OT, lacking an interest in God's choice of Israel and his overarching purpose for the nations, the law, the temple and priesthood, and sacred history. Wisdom Literature, it is said, is more about living in the creation than it is about God's work of redemption. This is a false opposition for several reasons. First, the OT presents God's redemption as restoring the damaged creature, man, to his proper functioning (as set out in the creation narrative of Genesis). This covenant given through Moses does not specify all of God's rules; its purpose is to set out the constitution of the theocracy, to give general moral guidance, and to provide a system by which God's people can know his forgiveness. Some principles like those in Proverbs can be discerned by wise observation of God's world, and not all of the worthy observers come from Israel (see note on Prov. 31:1–9). Second, the wisdom psalms take wisdom themes and make them a part of Israel's hymnody (and thus of its public worship). Third, Proverbs bases its instruction on the fear of the Lord (1:7, using the special covenantal name of God), implying that its audience is the covenant people (cf. Deut. 6:2, 24; 10:12). Fourth, as the notes will show, Proverbs has plenty of connections to the law: e.g., cf. Proverbs 11:1 to Deuteronomy 25:13–16; and see Proverbs 29:18 for a positive assessment of both prophetic vision and the Law of Moses. Nevertheless, Proverbs is not at all the same as the Law or the Prophets. The difference is one of emphasis rather than basic orientation. The Law and the Prophets lay their stress on the covenant people as a whole, called to show the world what restored humanity can be; Proverbs focuses on what such restoration should look like in day-to-day behavior and in personal character. A key term in Proverbs is of course “wisdom.” The word (Hb. khokmah) can have the nuance of “skill” (as it does in Ex. 28:3), particularly the skill of choosing the right course of action for the desired result. In the covenantal framework of Proverbs, it denotes “skill in the art of godly living.” The opening of the book also discloses its intended audience (Prov. 1:4–5): the simple, the youth, the wise, and the one who understands. (See Character Types in Proverbs.) Questions about the book's purpose have focused on the identity of “the youth” (1:4): is this any Israelite boy or girl, or is it specifically young men on the verge of adulthood, or is it young men who will serve the royal court?


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The last option gets most of its support from the wisdom literature found in other lands of the ancient Near East, particularly Egypt and Mesopotamia, which seems to be oriented to preparing diligent and honest men to serve the royal bureaucracy. Since Proverbs has points of contact with this larger wisdom tradition, and since the “words of the wise” (22:17–24:34) show an even closer connection to Egyptian wisdom (see note on 22:17–24:22), it can seem reasonable to attribute to Proverbs a similar function to wisdom in these other lands. Such an attribution, however, runs into the simple fact that the collection of Proverbs, taken as a whole, repels the idea of a selective, elite audience, stressing instead the home and life in the village and farm. For example, the instructions are father (and sometimes mother, see 1:8) to son (for the inclusion of daughters, see Literary Features), and the situations envisioned are staples of ordinary life (marriage, raising children, discreet speech, diligence in harvest, concern for the poor neighbor, etc.). Indeed, when Lady Wisdom offers her benefits, she calls out to everyone (8:4–5), particularly to every member of the covenant people. Considering these aspects, and the list of addressees in 1:4–5, it is easy to see that the book is addressed to all the people of Israel (and through them to all mankind). The situations faced by the youth receive much attention, probably because they supply concrete examples from which others can generalize. Additionally, the “wise” who pay attention will also benefit (1:5), so the audience is not limited to the youth. The best way to put this in light of the rest of the ancient Near East is to say that Proverbs represents the “democratization” of wisdom, the offer of it to all people. The nature of Proverbs shows why Christians, who do not live in the theocracy established by the Mosaic covenant, should still find in this book wisdom for their lives. God gave the Mosaic covenant to his people out of his grace, in order to restore human life to its proper functioning within the specific context of the Israelite theocracy. In the same way the Christian message is God's gracious way of restoring human life for all kinds of people, fulfilling the promises made to the patriarchs. Both situations express the same grace of God, and both have the goal of restoring the image of God in man. Further, many of the proverbs make use of wise observations of God's world—which is the same world in which Christians live today. For all the “local” features found in the book (e.g., a society based on agriculture; Palestinian climate; Mosaic institutions), its wisdom is universally applicable. Therefore it is no surprise that NT authors readily make use of its individual proverbs (e.g., Rom. 12:20, using Prov. 25:21–22; Heb. 12:5–6, using Prov. 3:11–12) and its broader themes (e.g., James as a wisdom book), setting the pattern for Christians of all ages.

History of Salvation Summary The history of salvation generally deals with the overarching story of God's work in calling, preserving, and shaping a people for himself, through whom he will bring blessing to the whole world. It also takes up the unfolding of God's revelation, especially the developing idea of who the Messiah will be and what he will do. At first glance, Proverbs has little to do with this, focused as it is on the daily life of particular members of God's people. However, it has much in every way to offer. First, the people in Proverbs are God's covenant people, and the kings are Davidic. Second, concern for the well-being of the people as a whole is never absent from the book (e.g., 11:14; 14:34; 29:2, 18). The connection of Proverbs to salvation history can be seen more fully from noticing how Psalms 111–112 work together: Psalm 111, a hymn of praise, celebrates the great works of the Lord that further his redemptive purpose for his people, while Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm, looking very much like Proverbs set to music. The two psalms have much in common (see notes there), which


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invites the reader to connect them. The wisdom described in Psalm 112 and in Proverbs guides the particular Israelite in his priorities and choices, and enables him to contribute to the whole body of God's people. It is what leads the covenant members toward the ideal of likeness to God and properly functioning humanity, so that their lives carry something of a taste of Eden—and this is what the Gentiles need to see in them. (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Distinctive Features Character Types in Proverbs To read Proverbs well, one must have a good grasp of who the character types are and what function they serve in the book. The most obvious characters in the book are the wise, the fool, and the simple. Proverbs urges its readers to be wise, that is, to embrace God's covenant and to learn the skill of living out the covenant in everyday situations (cf. 2:2). The wise person has done that (cf. 10:1); usually Proverbs focuses on the one who has made good progress in that skill, whose example is worth following (cf. 9:8b). The fool is the person steadily opposed to God's covenant (cf. 1:7b). The setting of Proverbs assumes there can be fools even among God's people. There are three Hebrew terms translated “fool” (kesil, ’ewil, nabal), with little difference among them. This kind of person resists even the offer of forgiveness found in the covenant (14:9; 15:8). These people are dangerous in their influence (13:20; 17:12) and cause grief to their parents (10:1); but they are not beyond hope (8:5). The simple is the person who is not firmly committed, either to wisdom or to folly; he is easily misled (cf. 14:15). His trouble is that he does not apply himself to the discipline needed to gain and grow in wisdom. Proverbs also uses other terms, both positive (e.g., righteous, upright, diligent, understanding, prudent) and negative (e.g., wicked, lazy, lacking sense). These do not designate different groups of people from the wise and the fools; rather, the terms are commonly “co-referential,” i.e., they apply to the same people looked at from different angles. The righteous is the one who has embraced the covenant, seen from the perspective of his faithfulness to God's will; the wise is the same person, seen from the perspective of his skill in living out God's will; the prudent is the same individual seen as one who carefully plans out his obedience. Likewise, the wicked is the one who rejects God's covenant, seen from the angle of his opposition to God; the fool is this same person, seen from the angle of the stupid course of life he has chosen. The co-referential use of these terms helps the reader to discern the many-sided fruits of godliness and ungodliness. Also, these characters usually serve as idealized portraits: that is, they denote people exemplary for their virtue and wisdom or especially despicable for their evil. The literary name for this is “caricature”: portraits of people with features exaggerated for easy identification. The positive figures serve as ideals for the faithful, to guide their conduct and character formation. The negative figures are exaggerated portraits of those who do not embrace the covenant, so the faithful can


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recognize these traits in themselves and flee them. Beyond the co-referential negative terms, there are some gradations: the scoffer is worse than a fool (21:24), and the person wise in his own eyes is almost beyond hope (cf. 26:12). The difference is one of hardness in unteachability (the great sin in Proverbs). The simple is not as far gone as the fool. All of these are what the OT calls “uncircumcised” in heart, and what Christian theology calls “unregenerate.”

Outline 1. Title, Goal, and Motto (1:1–7) 2. A Father's Invitation to Wisdom (1:8–9:18) 1. First paternal appeal: do not join those greedy for unjust gain (1:8–19) 2. First wisdom appeal (1:20–33) 3. Second paternal appeal: get wisdom (2:1–22) 4. Third paternal appeal: fear the Lord (3:1–12) 5. A hymn to wisdom (3:13–20) 6. Fourth paternal appeal: walk securely in wisdom (3:21–35) 7. Fifth paternal appeal: wisdom is a tradition worth maintaining (4:1–9) 8. Sixth paternal appeal: the two ways (4:10–19) 9. Seventh paternal appeal: maintain a heart of wisdom (4:20–27) 10. Eighth paternal appeal: sexuality (5:1–23) 11. Warnings relating to securing debt, sloth, and sowing discord (6:1–19) 12. Ninth paternal appeal: adultery leads to ruin (6:20–35) 13. Tenth paternal appeal: keep away from temptations to adultery (7:1–27) 14. Second wisdom appeal (8:1–36) 15. Lady Wisdom and Lady Folly (9:1–18) 3. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16) 4. The Thirty Sayings of “the Wise” (22:17–24:22) 5. Further Sayings of “the Wise” (24:23–34) 6. Hezekiah's Collection of Solomonic Proverbs (25:1–29:27) 7. The Sayings of Agur (30:1–33) 8. The Sayings of King Lemuel (31:1–9) 9. An Alphabet of Womanly Excellence (31:10–31)


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Chapter 1 1:1 The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; 1:2 To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding; 1:3 To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and equity; 1:4 To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. 1:5 A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: 1:6 To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings. 1:7 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction. 1:8 My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother: 1:9 For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy head, and chains about thy neck. 1:10 My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. 1:11 If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause: 1:12 Let us swallow them up alive as the grave; and whole, as those that go down into the pit: 1:13 We shall find all precious substance, we shall fill our houses with spoil: 1:14 Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse: 1:15 My son, walk not thou in the way with them; refrain thy foot from their path: 1:16 For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood. 1:17 Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. 1:18 And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives. 1:19 So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof. 1:20 Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets: 1:21 She crieth in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of the gates: in the city she uttereth her words, saying, 1:22 How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? 1:23 Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. 1:24 Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded;


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In verses 24 to 32 you see the fruit of your own ways, descriptive ways. The Ten Commandments are like the law of gravity. 1:25 But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof: 1:26 I also will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh; 1:27 When your fear cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you. 1:28 Then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall seek me early, but they shall not find me: 1:29 For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD: 1:30 They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. Prov 1:30-31, 33 [30] They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. [31] Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices. [33] But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.

KEY TEXTS: POWERFUL. It shows that whenever God forsakes a person in not answering prayers or helping them. It is because of this verse. They are not willing to do it His way, so how can He bless them? 1:31 Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.

Shows the reality of descriptive law. This law says if you disobey it the consequences naturally follow. God does not have to intervene to cause something to happen. It will happen. If the consequences are real long term, sometimes God will wake people up with an artificial consequence that will not be as severe as the long term one. But all actions that are sinful have there consequences. Whether it is immediate or long term. But God sometimes gives us something quicker in mercy to turn us from that course while our hearts are not yet hardened. 1:32 For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them. 1:33 But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.

It shows the contrasts if you hearken to God then He can work for you and protect you. In Proverbs we have counsel on listening to parents, and descriptive laws. We see these all through it. You reap what you sow. It describes how reality is with its natural consequences. These principles are seen.


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Chapter 2 2:1 My son, if thou wilt receive my words, and hide my commandments with thee; 2:2 So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply thine heart to understanding; 2:3 Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; 2:4 If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures; 2:5 Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God. 2:6 For the LORD giveth wisdom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding. 2:7 He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to them that walk uprightly. 2:8 He keepeth the paths of judgment, and preserveth the way of his saints. 2:9 Then shalt thou understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yea, every good path. 2:10 When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul; 2:11 Discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee: 2:12 To deliver thee from the way of the evil man, from the man that speaketh froward things; 2:13 Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; 2:14 Who rejoice to do evil, and delight in the frowardness of the wicked; 2:15 Whose ways are crooked, and they froward in their paths: 2:16 To deliver thee from the strange woman, even from the stranger which flattereth with her words; 2:17 Which forsaketh the guide of her youth, and forgetteth the covenant of her God. 2:18 For her house inclineth unto death, and her paths unto the dead. 2:19 None that go unto her return again, neither take they hold of the paths of life. 2:20 That thou mayest walk in the way of good men, and keep the paths of the righteous. 2:21 For the upright shall dwell in the land, and the perfect shall remain in it. 2:22 But the wicked shall be cut off from the earth, and the transgressors shall be rooted out of it.


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Chapter 3 – Trusting in God We have the principle of trusting God and not yourself. 3:1 My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments: 3:2 For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to thee. 3:3 Let not mercy and truth forsake thee: bind them about thy neck; write them upon the table of thine heart: 3:4 So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man. 3:5 Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.

Trust in the lord, acknowledge God in everyway. These texts are not easy to follow. It is easy without realizing it trust what you think instead of being sure it is what God says. 3:6 In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. 3:7 Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD, and depart from evil. 3:8 It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones. 3:9 Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase: 3:10 So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine. 3:11 My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD; neither be weary of his correction: 3:12 For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth. 3:13 Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding. 3:14 For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold. 3:15 She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her. 3:16 Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honour. 3:17 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. 3:18 She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her. 3:19 The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath he established the heavens. 3:20 By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and the clouds drop down the dew. 3:21 My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion: 3:22 So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck.


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3:23 Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble. 3:24 When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet. 3:25 Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh. 3:26 For the LORD shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken. 3:27 Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it.

This shows that whenever you have the opportunity to do good for someone do it, don't hold back. 3:28 Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee. 3:29 Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee. 3:30 Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm. 3:31 Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways. 3:32 For the froward is abomination to the LORD: but his secret is with the righteous. 3:33 The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the just. 3:34 Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly. 3:35 The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.


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Chapter 4 4:1 Hear, ye children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. 4:2 For I give you good doctrine, forsake ye not my law. 4:3 For I was my father's son, tender and only beloved in the sight of my mother. 4:4 He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live. 4:5 Get wisdom, get understanding: forget it not; neither decline from the words of my mouth. 4:6 Forsake her not, and she shall preserve thee: love her, and she shall keep thee. 4:7 Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding. 4:8 Exalt her, and she shall promote thee: she shall bring thee to honour, when thou dost embrace her. 4:9 She shall give to thine head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to thee. 4:10 Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of thy life shall be many. 4:11 I have taught thee in the way of wisdom; I have led thee in right paths. 4:12 When thou goest, thy steps shall not be straitened; and when thou runnest, thou shalt not stumble. 4:13 Take fast hold of instruction; let her not go: keep her; for she is thy life. 4:14 Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men. 4:15 Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. 4:16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall. 4:17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence. 4:18 But the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.

Perfect day: This is a good verse for sanctification. SOP uses it to show what it means to walk with God. Sanctification is how you walk with God. 4:19 The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they stumble. 4:20 My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings. 4:21 Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thine heart. 4:22 For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all their flesh. 4:23 Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life. 4:24 Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from thee.


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4:25 Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee. 4:26 Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established. 4:27 Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil.


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Chapter 5 Chapters 5-7 ( these chapters are on morality and marriage.) 5:1 My son, attend unto my wisdom, and bow thine ear to my understanding: 5:2 That thou mayest regard discretion, and that thy lips may keep knowledge. 5:3 For the lips of a strange woman drop as an honeycomb, and her mouth is smoother than oil: 5:4 But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a twoedged sword. 5:5 Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell. 5:6 Lest thou shouldest ponder the path of life, her ways are moveable, that thou canst not know them. 5:7 Hear me now therefore, O ye children, and depart not from the words of my mouth. 5:8 Remove thy way far from her, and come not nigh the door of her house: 5:9 Lest thou give thine honour unto others, and thy years unto the cruel: 5:10 Lest strangers be filled with thy wealth; and thy labours be in the house of a stranger; 5:11 And thou mourn at the last, when thy flesh and thy body are consumed, 5:12 And say, How have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof; 5:13 And have not obeyed the voice of my teachers, nor inclined mine ear to them that instructed me! 5:14 I was almost in all evil in the midst of the congregation and assembly. 5:15 Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of thine own well. 5:16 Let thy fountains be dispersed abroad, and rivers of waters in the streets. 5:17 Let them be only thine own, and not strangers' with thee. 5:18 Let thy fountain be blessed: and rejoice with the wife of thy youth.

There is a lot of meaning in this. When you are older. If you have had a good marriage and you have been faithful you will still rejoice with the wife of your youth even though you are old now. It is not just talking about having a good time while you are young. THE KEY THING IS LET ALL OF YOUR LOVE BE POURED OUT ON 'THE ONE'. THE ONE YOU UNITED WITH IN YOUR YOUNGER DAYS. WHEN YOU FIRST GET MARRIED ALL THE WAY THROUGH LIFE. The verses following this continue the thought. He warns not to go to other women. 5:19 Let her be as the loving hind and pleasant roe; let her breasts satisfy thee at all times; and be thou ravished always with her love. 5:20 And why wilt thou, my son, be ravished with a strange woman, and embrace the bosom of a stranger?


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5:21 For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD, and he pondereth all his goings. 5:22 His own iniquities shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be holden with the cords of his sins.

This shows the results.This shows that God's law is descriptive. The violation of this law brings its own results. It wraps cords around you and makes you a slave. A person who is not faithful to that one wife will become a slave to his own lusts and passions, he will not be able to help himself. 5:23 He shall die without instruction; and in the greatness of his folly he shall go astray.


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Chapter 6 Famous one about the ants. 6:1 My son, if thou be surety for thy friend, if thou hast stricken thy hand with a stranger, 6:2 Thou art snared with the words of thy mouth, thou art taken with the words of thy mouth. 6:3 Do this now, my son, and deliver thyself, when thou art come into the hand of thy friend; go, humble thyself, and make sure thy friend. 6:4 Give not sleep to thine eyes, nor slumber to thine eyelids. 6:5 Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a bird from the hand of the fowler. 6:6 Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: 6:7 Which having no guide, overseer, or ruler, 6:8 Provideth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest. 6:9 How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep? 6:10 Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 6:11 So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man. 6:12 A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. 6:13 He winketh with his eyes, he speaketh with his feet, he teacheth with his fingers; 6:14 Frowardness is in his heart, he deviseth mischief continually; he soweth discord. 6:15 Therefore shall his calamity come suddenly; suddenly shall he be broken without remedy. 6:16 These six things doth the LORD hate: yea, seven are an abomination unto him: 6:17 A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood,

Verses 16 to 19 list 7 things that are an abomination to God. 6:18 An heart that deviseth wicked imaginations, feet that be swift in running to mischief,

Shows two things. 6:19 A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

“soweth discord among brethren” – This is easy to do. When you just let your tongue run and you complain and tell what bothers you about someone. This is spreading discord and you don't even realize it. 6:20 My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother:


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6:21 Bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. 6:22 When thou goest, it shall lead thee; when thou sleepest, it shall keep thee; and when thou awakest, it shall talk with thee. 6:23 For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; and reproofs of instruction are the way of life:

Good one 6:24 To keep thee from the evil woman, from the flattery of the tongue of a strange woman. 6:25 Lust not after her beauty in thine heart; neither let her take thee with her eyelids. 6:26 For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of bread: and the adulteress will hunt for the precious life. 6:27 Can a man take fire in his bosom, and his clothes not be burned?

“fire in his bosom” – Natural consequences. He can't control himself. In the context it is talking about not allowing lustful thinking. V.32 speaks of adultery. 6:28 Can one go upon hot coals, and his feet not be burned? 6:29 So he that goeth in to his neighbour's wife; whosoever toucheth her shall not be innocent. 6:30 Men do not despise a thief, if he steal to satisfy his soul when he is hungry; 6:31 But if he be found, he shall restore sevenfold; he shall give all the substance of his house. 6:32 But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding: he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. 6:33 A wound and dishonour shall he get; and his reproach shall not be wiped away. 6:34 For jealousy is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance. 6:35 He will not regard any ransom; neither will he rest content, though thou givest many gifts.


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Chapter 7 Speaks of a woman who is committing adultery while her husband is gone. 7:1 My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee. 7:2 Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye. 7:3 Bind them upon thy fingers, write them upon the table of thine heart. 7:4 Say unto wisdom, Thou art my sister; and call understanding thy kinswoman: 7:5 That they may keep thee from the strange woman, from the stranger which flattereth with her words. 7:6 For at the window of my house I looked through my casement, 7:7 And beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding, 7:8 Passing through the street near her corner; and he went the way to her house, 7:9 In the twilight, in the evening, in the black and dark night: 7:10 And, behold, there met him a woman with the attire of an harlot, and subtil of heart. 7:11 (She is loud and stubborn; her feet abide not in her house: 7:12 Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every corner.) 7:13 So she caught him, and kissed him, and with an impudent face said unto him, 7:14 I have peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows.

(POWERFUL: this is how Catholic view indulgences). This is the Hebrew view of indulgences. “this day have I paid my vows” – I have done my sacrifices I am ahead. It is alright you can come ahead and do it. 7:15 Therefore came I forth to meet thee, diligently to seek thy face, and I have found thee. 7:16 I have decked my bed with coverings of tapestry, with carved works, with fine linen of Egypt. 7:17 I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon. 7:18 Come, let us take our fill of love until the morning: let us solace ourselves with loves. 7:19 For the goodman is not at home, he is gone a long journey: 7:20 He hath taken a bag of money with him, and will come home at the day appointed. 7:21 With her much fair speech she caused him to yield, with the flattering of her lips she forced him.


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7:22 He goeth after her straightway, as an ox goeth to the slaughter, or as a fool to the correction of the stocks; 7:23 Till a dart strike through his liver; as a bird hasteth to the snare, and knoweth not that it is for his life. 7:24 Hearken unto me now therefore, O ye children, and attend to the words of my mouth. 7:25 Let not thine heart decline to her ways, go not astray in her paths. 7:26 For she hath cast down many wounded: yea, many strong men have been slain by her. 7:27 Her house is the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death.


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Chapter 8 8:1 Doth not wisdom cry? and understanding put forth her voice? 8:2 She standeth in the top of high places, by the way in the places of the paths. 8:3 She crieth at the gates, at the entry of the city, at the coming in at the doors. 8:4 Unto you, O men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man. 8:5 O ye simple, understand wisdom: and, ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart. 8:6 Hear; for I will speak of excellent things; and the opening of my lips shall be right things. 8:7 For my mouth shall speak truth; and wickedness is an abomination to my lips. 8:8 All the words of my mouth are in righteousness; there is nothing froward or perverse in them. 8:9 They are all plain to him that understandeth, and right to them that find knowledge. 8:10 Receive my instruction, and not silver; and knowledge rather than choice gold. 8:11 For wisdom is better than rubies; and all the things that may be desired are not to be compared to it.

From verses 11 on is an interesting style of writing. Wisdom is being used as a metaphor. At the same time it really means what it says. This is personification of Christ. 8:12 I wisdom dwell with prudence, and find out knowledge of witty inventions.

It is talking about wisdom like a person can think. 8:13 The fear of the LORD is to hate evil: pride, and arrogancy, and the evil way, and the froward mouth, do I hate. 8:14 Counsel is mine, and sound wisdom: I am understanding; I have strength. 8:15 By me kings reign, and princes decree justice.

There is a double meaning. Kings do reign by wisdom, but they must reign by the wisdom of God. If not they will not last long in their reign. 8:16 By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth. 8:17 I love them that love me; and those that seek me early shall find me.

(MEMORIZE IT). Here is a promise. If you get up early you will find God. Or if you seek Him early in your life you will find Him. 8:18 Riches and honour are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. 8:19 My fruit is better than gold, yea, than fine gold; and my revenue than choice silver.


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8:20 I lead in the way of righteousness, in the midst of the paths of judgment: 8:21 That I may cause those that love me to inherit substance; and I will fill their treasures. 8:22 The LORD possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. 8:23 I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was.

Here wisdom is a personification of Christ. 8:24 When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water. 8:25 Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth: 8:26 While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the highest part of the dust of the world. 8:27 When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth: 8:28 When he established the clouds above: when he strengthened the fountains of the deep: 8:29 When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations of the earth: 8:30 Then I was by him, as one brought up with him: and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him; 8:31 Rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth; and my delights were with the sons of men. 8:32 Now therefore hearken unto me, O ye children: for blessed are they that keep my ways. 8:33 Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. 8:34 Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors. 8:35 For whoso findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the LORD.

Talks about wisdom again. 8:36 But he that sinneth against me wrongeth his own soul: all they that hate me love death.

Descriptive law again.


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Chapter 9 9:1 Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars: 9:2 She hath killed her beasts; she hath mingled her wine; she hath also furnished her table. 9:3 She hath sent forth her maidens: she crieth upon the highest places of the city, 9:4 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, 9:5 Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled. 9:6 Forsake the foolish, and live; and go in the way of understanding. 9:7 He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame: and he that rebuketh a wicked man getteth himself a blot. 9:8 Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee: rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee.

In verses 8 and 9 this theme is repeated over and over again. The fact of being willing to learn from instruction or rebuke if it comes your way. 9:9 Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser: teach a just man, and he will increase in learning. 9:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: and the knowledge of the holy is understanding. 9:11 For by me thy days shall be multiplied, and the years of thy life shall be increased. 9:12 If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself: but if thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it. 9:13 A foolish woman is clamorous: she is simple, and knoweth nothing. 9:14 For she sitteth at the door of her house, on a seat in the high places of the city, 9:15 To call passengers who go right on their ways: 9:16 Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: and as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, 9:17 Stolen waters are sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant. 9:18 But he knoweth not that the dead are there; and that her guests are in the depths of hell.

Summary Proverbs covers these things: listening to parents; natural consequences of violating descriptive law; faithfulness to your wife; importance of guarding your tongue; trust God and not yourself; working hard with the ants. PK Solomon had this wisdom in the beginning and then he went against it.


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Chapter 10 10:1 The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother. 10:2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing: but righteousness delivereth from death. 10:3 The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked. 10:4 He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of the diligent maketh rich. 10:5 He that gathereth in summer is a wise son: but he that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame. 10:6 Blessings are upon the head of the just: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked. 10:7 The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked shall rot. 10:8 The wise in heart will receive commandments: but a prating fool shall fall. 10:9 He that walketh uprightly walketh surely: but he that perverteth his ways shall be known. 10:10 He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow: but a prating fool shall fall. 10:11 The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked. 10:12 Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins. 10:13 In the lips of him that hath understanding wisdom is found: but a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding. 10:14 Wise men lay up knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near destruction. 10:15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city: the destruction of the poor is their poverty. 10:16 The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin. 10:17 He is in the way of life that keepeth instruction: but he that refuseth reproof erreth. 10:18 He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool. 10:19 In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips is wise.

Memorize this key text. 10:20 The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the wicked is little worth. 10:21 The lips of the righteous feed many: but fools die for want of wisdom. 10:22 The blessing of the LORD, it maketh rich, and he addeth no sorrow with it. 10:23 It is as sport to a fool to do mischief: but a man of understanding hath wisdom.


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10:24 The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him: but the desire of the righteous shall be granted. 10:25 As the whirlwind passeth, so is the wicked no more: but the righteous is an everlasting foundation. 10:26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him. 10:27 The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened. 10:28 The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectation of the wicked shall perish. 10:29 The way of the LORD is strength to the upright: but destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity. 10:30 The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth. 10:31 The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out. 10:32 The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth of the wicked speaketh frowardness.


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Chapter 11 11:1 A false balance is abomination to the LORD: but a just weight is his delight. 11:2 When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is wisdom. 11:3 The integrity of the upright shall guide them: but the perverseness of transgressors shall destroy them. 11:4 Riches profit not in the day of wrath: but righteousness delivereth from death. 11:5 The righteousness of the perfect shall direct his way: but the wicked shall fall by his own wickedness. 11:6 The righteousness of the upright shall deliver them: but transgressors shall be taken in their own naughtiness. 11:7 When a wicked man dieth, his expectation shall perish: and the hope of unjust men perisheth. 11:8 The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked cometh in his stead. 11:9 An hypocrite with his mouth destroyeth his neighbour: but through knowledge shall the just be delivered. 11:10 When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth: and when the wicked perish, there is shouting. 11:11 By the blessing of the upright the city is exalted: but it is overthrown by the mouth of the wicked. 11:12 He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbour: but a man of understanding holdeth his peace. 11:13 A talebearer revealeth secrets: but he that is of a faithful spirit concealeth the matter.

Speaking of when someone does something that is wrong you don't go telling everyone because of how they feel. 11:14 Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety. 11:15 He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it: and he that hateth suretiship is sure. 11:16 A gracious woman retaineth honour: and strong men retain riches. 11:17 The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but he that is cruel troubleth his own flesh. 11:18 The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward. 11:19 As righteousness tendeth to life: so he that pursueth evil pursueth it to his own death. 11:20 They that are of a froward heart are abomination to the LORD: but such as are upright in their way are his delight. 11:21 Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered.


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11:22 As a jewel of gold in a swine's snout, so is a fair woman which is without discretion. 11:23 The desire of the righteous is only good: but the expectation of the wicked is wrath. 11:24 There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. 11:25 The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall be watered also himself. 11:26 He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him: but blessing shall be upon the head of him that selleth it. 11:27 He that diligently seeketh good procureth favour: but he that seeketh mischief, it shall come unto him. 11:28 He that trusteth in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall flourish as a branch. 11:29 He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart. 11:30 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that winneth souls is wise.

Intro: This devotion goes together with the devotion on the Tree of Life. Fruit of the Spirit Gal 5:22-23 [22] But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, [23] Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.

Through Christ we have this fruit 1 Jn 4:8 ...God is love... Ps 43:4 ...my exceeding joy... Eph 2:14 ...he is our peace... Num 14:18 ...The LORD is longsuffering... 2 Cor 10:1 ...meekness and gentleness of Christ... Ex 34:6 ...abundant in goodness... Rev 14:12 ...faith of Jesus... 2 Pet 1:6, 8 [6] ...temperance…[8] knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ...

Jesus is Life Jn 1:4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men. Jn 3:36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life


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Jn 5:26 For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself; Jn 11:25 Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: Jn 14:6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life:

Jesus gives life. Jesus is like the “Tree of life” He imparts life that the tree gives.If we abide in Him we will also give life. Fruit of Life Jn 15:5 I am the vine, ye [are] the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit

“I am” is the vine, who is “I am” Jn 14:6 …I am..the life…

If you abide in “I am” who is the Life, you will bring forth fruit. What kind of fruit? Prov 11:30 The fruit of the righteous [is] a tree of life;

Conclusion 1 Jn 5:12 He that hath the Son hath life; [and] he that hath not the Son of God hath not life. 11:31 Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner.


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Chapter 12 12:1 Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge: but he that hateth reproof is brutish. 12:2 A good man obtaineth favour of the LORD: but a man of wicked devices will he condemn. 12:3 A man shall not be established by wickedness: but the root of the righteous shall not be moved. 12:4 A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband: but she that maketh ashamed is as rottenness in his bones. 12:5 The thoughts of the righteous are right: but the counsels of the wicked are deceit. 12:6 The words of the wicked are to lie in wait for blood: but the mouth of the upright shall deliver them. 12:7 The wicked are overthrown, and are not: but the house of the righteous shall stand. 12:8 A man shall be commended according to his wisdom: but he that is of a perverse heart shall be despised. 12:9 He that is despised, and hath a servant, is better than he that honoureth himself, and lacketh bread. 12:10 A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. 12:11 He that tilleth his land shall be satisfied with bread: but he that followeth vain persons is void of understanding. 12:12 The wicked desireth the net of evil men: but the root of the righteous yieldeth fruit. 12:13 The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips: but the just shall come out of trouble. 12:14 A man shall be satisfied with good by the fruit of his mouth: and the recompence of a man's hands shall be rendered unto him. 12:15 The way of a fool is right in his own eyes: but he that hearkeneth unto counsel is wise. 12:16 A fool's wrath is presently known: but a prudent man covereth shame. 12:17 He that speaketh truth sheweth forth righteousness: but a false witness deceit. 12:18 There is that speaketh like the piercings of a sword: but the tongue of the wise is health. 12:19 The lip of truth shall be established for ever: but a lying tongue is but for a moment. 12:20 Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil: but to the counsellors of peace is joy. 12:21 There shall no evil happen to the just: but the wicked shall be filled with mischief. 12:22 Lying lips are abomination to the LORD: but they that deal truly are his delight. 12:23 A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness. 12:24 The hand of the diligent shall bear rule: but the slothful shall be under tribute.


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12:25 Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop: but a good word maketh it glad. 12:26 The righteous is more excellent than his neighbour: but the way of the wicked seduceth them. 12:27 The slothful man roasteth not that which he took in hunting: but the substance of a diligent man is precious. 12:28 In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof there is no death.


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Chapter 13 13:1 A wise son heareth his father's instruction: but a scorner heareth not rebuke. 13:2 A man shall eat good by the fruit of his mouth: but the soul of the transgressors shall eat violence. 13:3 He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life: but he that openeth wide his lips shall have destruction.

Key text 13:4 The soul of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing: but the soul of the diligent shall be made fat. 13:5 A righteous man hateth lying: but a wicked man is loathsome, and cometh to shame. 13:6 Righteousness keepeth him that is upright in the way: but wickedness overthroweth the sinner. 13:7 There is that maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing: there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches. 13:8 The ransom of a man's life are his riches: but the poor heareth not rebuke. 13:9 The light of the righteous rejoiceth: but the lamp of the wicked shall be put out. 13:10 Only by pride cometh contention: but with the well advised is wisdom.

Whenever people are having a dispute what can you know for sure? Pride is somewhere involved. Only by pride cometh contention. 13:11 Wealth gotten by vanity shall be diminished: but he that gathereth by labour shall increase. 13:12 Hope deferred maketh the heart sick: but when the desire cometh, it is a tree of life. 13:13 Whoso despiseth the word shall be destroyed: but he that feareth the commandment shall be rewarded. 13:14 The law of the wise is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death. 13:15 Good understanding giveth favour: but the way of transgressors is hard. 13:16 Every prudent man dealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open his folly. 13:17 A wicked messenger falleth into mischief: but a faithful ambassador is health. 13:18 Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured. 13:19 The desire accomplished is sweet to the soul: but it is abomination to fools to depart from evil. 13:20 He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed. 13:21 Evil pursueth sinners: but to the righteous good shall be repayed. 13:22 A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children's children: and the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just.


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13:23 Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment. 13:24 He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes. 13:25 The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the belly of the wicked shall want.


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Chapter 14 14:1 Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands. 14:2 He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the LORD: but he that is perverse in his ways despiseth him. 14:3 In the mouth of the foolish is a rod of pride: but the lips of the wise shall preserve them. 14:4 Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the strength of the ox. 14:5 A faithful witness will not lie: but a false witness will utter lies. 14:6 A scorner seeketh wisdom, and findeth it not: but knowledge is easy unto him that understandeth. 14:7 Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge. 14:8 The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly of fools is deceit. 14:9 Fools make a mock at sin: but among the righteous there is favour. 14:10 The heart knoweth his own bitterness; and a stranger doth not intermeddle with his joy. 14:11 The house of the wicked shall be overthrown: but the tabernacle of the upright shall flourish. 14:12 There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death. 14:13 Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful; and the end of that mirth is heaviness. 14:14 The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways: and a good man shall be satisfied from himself. 14:15 The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh well to his going. 14:16 A wise man feareth, and departeth from evil: but the fool rageth, and is confident. 14:17 He that is soon angry dealeth foolishly: and a man of wicked devices is hated. 14:18 The simple inherit folly: but the prudent are crowned with knowledge. 14:19 The evil bow before the good; and the wicked at the gates of the righteous. 14:20 The poor is hated even of his own neighbour: but the rich hath many friends. 14:21 He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he. 14:22 Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy and truth shall be to them that devise good. 14:23 In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury. 14:24 The crown of the wise is their riches: but the foolishness of fools is folly. 14:25 A true witness delivereth souls: but a deceitful witness speaketh lies.


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14:26 In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence: and his children shall have a place of refuge. 14:27 The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death. 14:28 In the multitude of people is the king's honour: but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince. 14:29 He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. 14:30 A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones. 14:31 He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker: but he that honoureth him hath mercy on the poor. 14:32 The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death. 14:33 Wisdom resteth in the heart of him that hath understanding: but that which is in the midst of fools is made known. 14:34 Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people.

Important point: this shows the principle of the rise and fall of nations is in whether or not true righteousness will be protected or spurned. 14:35 The king's favour is toward a wise servant: but his wrath is against him that causeth shame.


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Chapter 15 15:1 A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up anger. 15:2 The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright: but the mouth of fools poureth out foolishness. 15:3 The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good.

Key text 15:4 A wholesome tongue is a tree of life: but perverseness therein is a breach in the spirit. 15:5 A fool despiseth his father's instruction: but he that regardeth reproof is prudent. 15:6 In the house of the righteous is much treasure: but in the revenues of the wicked is trouble. 15:7 The lips of the wise disperse knowledge: but the heart of the foolish doeth not so. 15:8 The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD: but the prayer of the upright is his delight. 15:9 The way of the wicked is an abomination unto the LORD: but he loveth him that followeth after righteousness. 15:10 Correction is grievous unto him that forsaketh the way: and he that hateth reproof shall die. 15:11 Hell and destruction are before the LORD: how much more then the hearts of the children of men? 15:12 A scorner loveth not one that reproveth him: neither will he go unto the wise. 15:13 A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken.

Health text 15:14 The heart of him that hath understanding seeketh knowledge: but the mouth of fools feedeth on foolishness. 15:15 All the days of the afflicted are evil: but he that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast. 15:16 Better is little with the fear of the LORD than great treasure and trouble therewith. 15:17 Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith. 15:18 A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife. 15:19 The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. 15:20 A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother.

Another verse on listening to parents. 15:21 Folly is joy to him that is destitute of wisdom: but a man of understanding walketh uprightly. 15:22 Without counsel purposes are disappointed: but in the multitude of counsellors they are


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established. 15:23 A man hath joy by the answer of his mouth: and a word spoken in due season, how good is it! 15:24 The way of life is above to the wise, that he may depart from hell beneath. 15:25 The LORD will destroy the house of the proud: but he will establish the border of the widow. 15:26 The thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the LORD: but the words of the pure are pleasant words. 15:27 He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own house; but he that hateth gifts shall live. 15:28 The heart of the righteous studieth to answer: but the mouth of the wicked poureth out evil things.

(MEMORIZE) 15:29 The LORD is far from the wicked: but he heareth the prayer of the righteous. 15:30 The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and a good report maketh the bones fat. 15:31 The ear that heareth the reproof of life abideth among the wise. 15:32 He that refuseth instruction despiseth his own soul: but he that heareth reproof getteth understanding. 15:33 The fear of the LORD is the instruction of wisdom; and before honour is humility.

Think about this one. Before honor is humility.


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Chapter 16 16:1 The preparations of the heart in man, and the answer of the tongue, is from the LORD. 16:2 All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; but the LORD weigheth the spirits. 16:3 Commit thy works unto the LORD, and thy thoughts shall be established. 16:4 The LORD hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil. 16:5 Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD: though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished. 16:6 By mercy and truth iniquity is purged: and by the fear of the LORD men depart from evil. 16:7 When a man's ways please the LORD, he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him. 16:8 Better is a little with righteousness than great revenues without right. 16:9 A man's heart deviseth his way: but the LORD directeth his steps. 16:10 A divine sentence is in the lips of the king: his mouth transgresseth not in judgment. 16:11 A just weight and balance are the LORD'S: all the weights of the bag are his work. 16:12 It is an abomination to kings to commit wickedness: for the throne is established by righteousness. 16:13 Righteous lips are the delight of kings; and they love him that speaketh right. 16:14 The wrath of a king is as messengers of death: but a wise man will pacify it. 16:15 In the light of the king's countenance is life; and his favour is as a cloud of the latter rain. 16:16 How much better is it to get wisdom than gold! and to get understanding rather to be chosen than silver! 16:17 The highway of the upright is to depart from evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul. 16:18 Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. 16:19 Better it is to be of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil with the proud. 16:20 He that handleth a matter wisely shall find good: and whoso trusteth in the LORD, happy is he. 16:21 The wise in heart shall be called prudent: and the sweetness of the lips increaseth learning. 16:22 Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it: but the instruction of fools is folly. 16:23 The heart of the wise teacheth his mouth, and addeth learning to his lips. 16:24 Pleasant words are as an honeycomb, sweet to the soul, and health to the bones. 16:25 There is a way that seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death.


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16:26 He that laboureth laboureth for himself; for his mouth craveth it of him. 16:27 An ungodly man diggeth up evil: and in his lips there is as a burning fire. 16:28 A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends. 16:29 A violent man enticeth his neighbour, and leadeth him into the way that is not good. 16:30 He shutteth his eyes to devise froward things: moving his lips he bringeth evil to pass. 16:31 The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. 16:32 He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city. 16:33 The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the LORD.

Now go back to 1 Kings 5.


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Chapter 17 17:1 Better is a dry morsel, and quietness therewith, than an house full of sacrifices with strife. 17:2 A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, and shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren. 17:3 The fining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold: but the LORD trieth the hearts. 17:4 A wicked doer giveth heed to false lips; and a liar giveth ear to a naughty tongue. 17:5 Whoso mocketh the poor reproacheth his Maker: and he that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. 17:6 Children's children are the crown of old men; and the glory of children are their fathers. 17:7 Excellent speech becometh not a fool: much less do lying lips a prince. 17:8 A gift is as a precious stone in the eyes of him that hath it: whithersoever it turneth, it prospereth. 17:9 He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends.

It sounds like you must hide people's mistakes. Understand certain circumstances it is honorable. 17:10 A reproof entereth more into a wise man than an hundred stripes into a fool. 17:11 An evil man seeketh only rebellion: therefore a cruel messenger shall be sent against him. 17:12 Let a bear robbed of her whelps meet a man, rather than a fool in his folly. 17:13 Whoso rewardeth evil for good, evil shall not depart from his house. 17:14 The beginning of strife is as when one letteth out water: therefore leave off contention, before it be meddled with. 17:15 He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are abomination to the LORD. 17:16 Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing he hath no heart to it? 17:17 A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity. 17:18 A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. 17:19 He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction. 17:20 He that hath a froward heart findeth no good: and he that hath a perverse tongue falleth into mischief. 17:21 He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy. 17:22 A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones.


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17:23 A wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways of judgment. 17:24 Wisdom is before him that hath understanding; but the eyes of a fool are in the ends of the earth. 17:25 A foolish son is a grief to his father, and bitterness to her that bare him. 17:26 Also to punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity. 17:27 He that hath knowledge spareth his words: and a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit. 17:28 Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: and he that shutteth his lips is esteemed a man of understanding.

Verses 27 to 28 tell us that by speaking too much sometimes that causes us to loose the respect of others.


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Chapter 18 18:1 Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom. 18:2 A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself. 18:3 When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach. 18:4 The words of a man's mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook. 18:5 It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment. 18:6 A fool's lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes. 18:7 A fool's mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul. 18:8 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. 18:9 He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. 18:10 The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe. 18:11 The rich man's wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit. 18:12 Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility. 18:13 He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him.

Key text 18:14 The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear? 18:15 The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge. 18:16 A man's gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men. 18:17 He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him. 18:18 The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty. 18:19 A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and their contentions are like the bars of a castle.

Key text 18:20 A man's belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled. 18:21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof. 18:22 Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the LORD.

SOP in the area of social relationships the best young person doesn't trust God. They do it their own


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way. So if they can trust God in this area then God can lead them to the right one. 18:23 The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly. 18:24 A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly: and there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.


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Chapter 19 19:1 Better is the poor that walketh in his integrity, than he that is perverse in his lips, and is a fool. 19:2 Also, that the soul be without knowledge, it is not good; and he that hasteth with his feet sinneth. 19:3 The foolishness of man perverteth his way: and his heart fretteth against the LORD. 19:4 Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his neighbour. 19:5 A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall not escape. 19:6 Many will intreat the favour of the prince: and every man is a friend to him that giveth gifts. 19:7 All the brethren of the poor do hate him: how much more do his friends go far from him? he pursueth them with words, yet they are wanting to him. 19:8 He that getteth wisdom loveth his own soul: he that keepeth understanding shall find good. 19:9 A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall perish. 19:10 Delight is not seemly for a fool; much less for a servant to have rule over princes. 19:11 The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over a transgression.

Often we feel like it is our duty to point out when someone does something wrong. But there is a time you should leave it alone. But sometimes you do it out of pride. 19:12 The king's wrath is as the roaring of a lion; but his favour is as dew upon the grass. 19:13 A foolish son is the calamity of his father: and the contentions of a wife are a continual dropping. 19:14 House and riches are the inheritance of fathers: and a prudent wife is from the LORD. 19:15 Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep; and an idle soul shall suffer hunger. 19:16 He that keepeth the commandment keepeth his own soul; but he that despiseth his ways shall die. 19:17 He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the LORD; and that which he hath given will he pay him again. 19:18 Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying. 19:19 A man of great wrath shall suffer punishment: for if thou deliver him, yet thou must do it again. 19:20 Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise in thy latter end. 19:21 There are many devices in a man's heart; nevertheless the counsel of the LORD, that shall stand. 19:22 The desire of a man is his kindness: and a poor man is better than a liar. 19:23 The fear of the LORD tendeth to life: and he that hath it shall abide satisfied; he shall not be visited with evil.


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19:24 A slothful man hideth his hand in his bosom, and will not so much as bring it to his mouth again. 19:25 Smite a scorner, and the simple will beware: and reprove one that hath understanding, and he will understand knowledge. 19:26 He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach. 19:27 Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of knowledge. 19:28 An ungodly witness scorneth judgment: and the mouth of the wicked devoureth iniquity. 19:29 Judgments are prepared for scorners, and stripes for the back of fools.


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Chapter 20 20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.

KEY TEXT For temperance against wine. 20:2 The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh him to anger sinneth against his own soul. 20:3 It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool will be meddling. 20:4 The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing. 20:5 Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of understanding will draw it out. 20:6 Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful man who can find? 20:7 The just man walketh in his integrity: his children are blessed after him. 20:8 A king that sitteth in the throne of judgment scattereth away all evil with his eyes. 20:9 Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin? 20:10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD. 20:11 Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right. 20:12 The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the LORD hath made even both of them. 20:13 Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and thou shalt be satisfied with bread. 20:14 It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth. 20:15 There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel. 20:16 Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman. 20:17 Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel. 20:18 Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice make war. 20:19 He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips. 20:20 Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. 20:21 An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed. 20:22 Say not thou, I will recompense evil; but wait on the LORD, and he shall save thee. 20:23 Divers weights are an abomination unto the LORD; and a false balance is not good. 20:24 Man's goings are of the LORD; how can a man then understand his own way?


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20:25 It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is holy, and after vows to make enquiry. 20:26 A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them. 20:27 The spirit of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the inward parts of the belly. 20:28 Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by mercy. 20:29 The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old men is the gray head. 20:30 The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.


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Chapter 21 21:1 The king's heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will. 21:2 Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts. 21:3 To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice. 21:4 An high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, is sin. 21:5 The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want. 21:6 The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death. 21:7 The robbery of the wicked shall destroy them; because they refuse to do judgment. 21:8 The way of man is froward and strange: but as for the pure, his work is right. 21:9 It is better to dwell in a corner of the housetop, than with a brawling woman in a wide house. 21:10 The soul of the wicked desireth evil: his neighbour findeth no favour in his eyes. 21:11 When the scorner is punished, the simple is made wise: and when the wise is instructed, he receiveth knowledge. 21:12 The righteous man wisely considereth the house of the wicked: but God overthroweth the wicked for their wickedness. 21:13 Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, he also shall cry himself, but shall not be heard. 21:14 A gift in secret pacifieth anger: and a reward in the bosom strong wrath. 21:15 It is joy to the just to do judgment: but destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity. 21:16 The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding shall remain in the congregation of the dead. 21:17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich. 21:18 The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, and the transgressor for the upright. 21:19 It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman. 21:20 There is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish man spendeth it up. 21:21 He that followeth after righteousness and mercy findeth life, righteousness, and honour. 21:22 A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof. 21:23 Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue keepeth his soul from troubles. 21:24 Proud and haughty scorner is his name, who dealeth in proud wrath.


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21:25 The desire of the slothful killeth him; for his hands refuse to labour. 21:26 He coveteth greedily all the day long: but the righteous giveth and spareth not. 21:27 The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination: how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind? 21:28 A false witness shall perish: but the man that heareth speaketh constantly. 21:29 A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he directeth his way. 21:30 There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD. 21:31 The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.


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Chapter 22 22:1 A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favour rather than silver and gold. 22:2 The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them all. 22:3 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself: but the simple pass on, and are punished. 22:4 By humility and the fear of the LORD are riches, and honour, and life. 22:5 Thorns and snares are in the way of the froward: he that doth keep his soul shall be far from them. 22:6 Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it. 22:7 The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. 22:8 He that soweth iniquity shall reap vanity: and the rod of his anger shall fail. 22:9 He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed; for he giveth of his bread to the poor. 22:10 Cast out the scorner, and contention shall go out; yea, strife and reproach shall cease. 22:11 He that loveth pureness of heart, for the grace of his lips the king shall be his friend. 22:12 The eyes of the LORD preserve knowledge, and he overthroweth the words of the transgressor. 22:13 The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets. 22:14 The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein. 22:15 Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him. 22:16 He that oppresseth the poor to increase his riches, and he that giveth to the rich, shall surely come to want. 22:17 Bow down thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, and apply thine heart unto my knowledge. 22:18 For it is a pleasant thing if thou keep them within thee; they shall withal be fitted in thy lips. 22:19 That thy trust may be in the LORD, I have made known to thee this day, even to thee. 22:20 Have not I written to thee excellent things in counsels and knowledge, 22:21 That I might make thee know the certainty of the words of truth; that thou mightest answer the words of truth to them that send unto thee? 22:22 Rob not the poor, because he is poor: neither oppress the afflicted in the gate: 22:23 For the LORD will plead their cause, and spoil the soul of those that spoiled them. 22:24 Make no friendship with an angry man; and with a furious man thou shalt not go: 22:25 Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul.


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22:26 Be not thou one of them that strike hands, or of them that are sureties for debts. 22:27 If thou hast nothing to pay, why should he take away thy bed from under thee? 22:28 Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set. 22:29 Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men.


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Chapter 23 23:1 When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee: 23:2 And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite. 23:3 Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat. 23:4 Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom. 23:5 Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven. 23:6 Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither desire thou his dainty meats: 23:7 For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not with thee. 23:8 The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words. 23:9 Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words. 23:10 Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless: 23:11 For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee. 23:12 Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words of knowledge. 23:13 Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die. 23:14 Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell. 23:15 My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine. 23:16 Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. 23:17 Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the LORD all the day long. 23:18 For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off. 23:19 Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way. 23:20 Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: 23:21 For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. 23:22 Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old. 23:23 Buy the truth, and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. 23:24 The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him. 23:25 Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice.


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23:26 My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways. 23:27 For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow pit. 23:28 She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men. 23:29 Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? 23:30 They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. 23:31 Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. 23:32 At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder. 23:33 Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall utter perverse things. 23:34 Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast. 23:35 They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake? I will seek it yet again.


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Chapter 24 24:1 Be not thou envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them. 24:2 For their heart studieth destruction, and their lips talk of mischief. 24:3 Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding it is established: 24:4 And by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with all precious and pleasant riches. 24:5 A wise man is strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth strength. 24:6 For by wise counsel thou shalt make thy war: and in multitude of counsellors there is safety. 24:7 Wisdom is too high for a fool: he openeth not his mouth in the gate. 24:8 He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person. 24:9 The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men. 24:10 If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. 24:11 If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to be slain; 24:12 If thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works? 24:13 My son, eat thou honey, because it is good; and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste: 24:14 So shall the knowledge of wisdom be unto thy soul: when thou hast found it, then there shall be a reward, and thy expectation shall not be cut off. 24:15 Lay not wait, O wicked man, against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place: 24:16 For a just man falleth seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into mischief. 24:17 Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth, and let not thine heart be glad when he stumbleth:

When this happens. How do we feel? We must examine our motives. 24:18 Lest the LORD see it, and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him. 24:19 Fret not thyself because of evil men, neither be thou envious at the wicked; 24:20 For there shall be no reward to the evil man; the candle of the wicked shall be put out. 24:21 My son, fear thou the LORD and the king: and meddle not with them that are given to change: 24:22 For their calamity shall rise suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them both? 24:23 These things also belong to the wise. It is not good to have respect of persons in judgment. 24:24 He that saith unto the wicked, Thou art righteous; him shall the people curse, nations shall abhor him:


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24:25 But to them that rebuke him shall be delight, and a good blessing shall come upon them. 24:26 Every man shall kiss his lips that giveth a right answer. 24:27 Prepare thy work without, and make it fit for thyself in the field; and afterwards build thine house. 24:28 Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and deceive not with thy lips. 24:29 Say not, I will do so to him as he hath done to me: I will render to the man according to his work. 24:30 I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of understanding; 24:31 And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. 24:32 Then I saw, and considered it well: I looked upon it, and received instruction. 24:33 Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: 24:34 So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth; and thy want as an armed man.


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Chapter 25 25:1 These are also proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied out. 25:2 It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter. 25:3 The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of kings is unsearchable. 25:4 Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer. 25:5 Take away the wicked from before the king, and his throne shall be established in righteousness. 25:6 Put not forth thyself in the presence of the king, and stand not in the place of great men: 25:7 For better it is that it be said unto thee, Come up hither; than that thou shouldest be put lower in the presence of the prince whom thine eyes have seen. 25:8 Go not forth hastily to strive, lest thou know not what to do in the end thereof, when thy neighbour hath put thee to shame. 25:9 Debate thy cause with thy neighbour himself; and discover not a secret to another: 25:10 Lest he that heareth it put thee to shame, and thine infamy turn not away. 25:11 A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver. 25:12 As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold, so is a wise reprover upon an obedient ear. 25:13 As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to them that send him: for he refresheth the soul of his masters. 25:14 Whoso boasteth himself of a false gift is like clouds and wind without rain. 25:15 By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone. 25:16 Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee, lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it. 25:17 Withdraw thy foot from thy neighbour's house; lest he be weary of thee, and so hate thee. 25:18 A man that beareth false witness against his neighbour is a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow. 25:19 Confidence in an unfaithful man in time of trouble is like a broken tooth, and a foot out of joint. 25:20 As he that taketh away a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to an heavy heart. 25:21 If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: 25:22 For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. 25:23 The north wind driveth away rain: so doth an angry countenance a backbiting tongue.


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25:24 It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop, than with a brawling woman and in a wide house. 25:25 As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. 25:26 A righteous man falling down before the wicked is as a troubled fountain, and a corrupt spring. 25:27 It is not good to eat much honey: so for men to search their own glory is not glory. 25:28 He that hath no rule over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down, and without walls.


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Chapter 26 26:1 As snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so honour is not seemly for a fool. 26:2 As the bird by wandering, as the swallow by flying, so the curse causeless shall not come. 26:3 A whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the fool's back. 26:4 Answer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also be like unto him. 26:5 Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own conceit. 26:6 He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet, and drinketh damage. 26:7 The legs of the lame are not equal: so is a parable in the mouth of fools. 26:8 As he that bindeth a stone in a sling, so is he that giveth honour to a fool. 26:9 As a thorn goeth up into the hand of a drunkard, so is a parable in the mouth of fools. 26:10 The great God that formed all things both rewardeth the fool, and rewardeth transgressors. 26:11 As a dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly. 26:12 Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him. 26:13 The slothful man saith, There is a lion in the way; a lion is in the streets. 26:14 As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the slothful upon his bed. 26:15 The slothful hideth his hand in his bosom; it grieveth him to bring it again to his mouth. 26:16 The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than seven men that can render a reason. 26:17 He that passeth by, and meddleth with strife belonging not to him, is like one that taketh a dog by the ears. 26:18 As a mad man who casteth firebrands, arrows, and death, 26:19 So is the man that deceiveth his neighbour, and saith, Am not I in sport? 26:20 Where no wood is, there the fire goeth out: so where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth.

KEY TEXT: (Memorize) 26:21 As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire; so is a contentious man to kindle strife. 26:22 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. 26:23 Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a potsherd covered with silver dross. 26:24 He that hateth dissembleth with his lips, and layeth up deceit within him; 26:25 When he speaketh fair, believe him not: for there are seven abominations in his heart.


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26:26 Whose hatred is covered by deceit, his wickedness shall be shewed before the whole congregation. 26:27 Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him. 26:28 A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.


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Chapter 27 27:1 Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. 27:2 Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth; a stranger, and not thine own lips. 27:3 A stone is heavy, and the sand weighty; but a fool's wrath is heavier than them both. 27:4 Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but who is able to stand before envy? 27:5 Open rebuke is better than secret love. 27:6 Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful.

We must remember this one. Friends are those who are willing to tell you when it is not right. 27:7 The full soul loatheth an honeycomb; but to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet. 27:8 As a bird that wandereth from her nest, so is a man that wandereth from his place. 27:9 Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart: so doth the sweetness of a man's friend by hearty counsel. 27:10 Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity: for better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off. 27:11 My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, that I may answer him that reproacheth me. 27:12 A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished. 27:13 Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a pledge of him for a strange woman. 27:14 He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him. 27:15 A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike. 27:16 Whosoever hideth her hideth the wind, and the ointment of his right hand, which bewrayeth itself. 27:17 Iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his friend. 27:18 Whoso keepeth the fig tree shall eat the fruit thereof: so he that waiteth on his master shall be honoured. 27:19 As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. 27:20 Hell and destruction are never full; so the eyes of man are never satisfied. 27:21 As the fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold; so is a man to his praise. 27:22 Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his foolishness depart from him. 27:23 Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds.


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27:24 For riches are not for ever: and doth the crown endure to every generation? 27:25 The hay appeareth, and the tender grass sheweth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. 27:26 The lambs are for thy clothing, and the goats are the price of the field. 27:27 And thou shalt have goats' milk enough for thy food, for the food of thy household, and for the maintenance for thy maidens.


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Chapter 28 28:1 The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion. 28:2 For the transgression of a land many are the princes thereof: but by a man of understanding and knowledge the state thereof shall be prolonged. 28:3 A poor man that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food. 28:4 They that forsake the law praise the wicked: but such as keep the law contend with them. 28:5 Evil men understand not judgment: but they that seek the LORD understand all things. 28:6 Better is the poor that walketh in his uprightness, than he that is perverse in his ways, though he be rich. 28:7 Whoso keepeth the law is a wise son: but he that is a companion of riotous men shameth his father. 28:8 He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. 28:9 He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination.

KEY TEXT. While you are not willing to obey God, your prayer is an abomination. 28:10 Whoso causeth the righteous to go astray in an evil way, he shall fall himself into his own pit: but the upright shall have good things in possession. 28:11 The rich man is wise in his own conceit; but the poor that hath understanding searcheth him out. 28:12 When righteous men do rejoice, there is great glory: but when the wicked rise, a man is hidden. 28:13 He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy.

KEY TEXT. If you are willing to confess and forsake you can have mercy. 28:14 Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief. 28:15 As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people. 28:16 The prince that wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days. 28:17 A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him. 28:18 Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once. 28:19 He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. 28:20 A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent.


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28:21 To have respect of persons is not good: for for a piece of bread that man will transgress. 28:22 He that hasteth to be rich hath an evil eye, and considereth not that poverty shall come upon him. 28:23 He that rebuketh a man afterwards shall find more favour than he that flattereth with the tongue.

Key text 28:24 Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith, It is no transgression; the same is the companion of a destroyer. 28:25 He that is of a proud heart stirreth up strife: but he that putteth his trust in the LORD shall be made fat. 28:26 He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool: but whoso walketh wisely, he shall be delivered. 28:27 He that giveth unto the poor shall not lack: but he that hideth his eyes shall have many a curse. 28:28 When the wicked rise, men hide themselves: but when they perish, the righteous increase.


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Chapter 29 29:1 He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy. 29:2 When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. 29:3 Whoso loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father: but he that keepeth company with harlots spendeth his substance. 29:4 The king by judgment establisheth the land: but he that receiveth gifts overthroweth it. 29:5 A man that flattereth his neighbour spreadeth a net for his feet. 29:6 In the transgression of an evil man there is a snare: but the righteous doth sing and rejoice. 29:7 The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: but the wicked regardeth not to know it. 29:8 Scornful men bring a city into a snare: but wise men turn away wrath. 29:9 If a wise man contendeth with a foolish man, whether he rage or laugh, there is no rest. 29:10 The bloodthirsty hate the upright: but the just seek his soul. 29:11 A fool uttereth all his mind: but a wise man keepeth it in till afterwards. 29:12 If a ruler hearken to lies, all his servants are wicked. 29:13 The poor and the deceitful man meet together: the LORD lighteneth both their eyes. 29:14 The king that faithfully judgeth the poor, his throne shall be established for ever. 29:15 The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left to himself bringeth his mother to shame. 29:16 When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth: but the righteous shall see their fall. 29:17 Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest; yea, he shall give delight unto thy soul. 29:18 Where there is no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy is he. 29:19 A servant will not be corrected by words: for though he understand he will not answer. 29:20 Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? there is more hope of a fool than of him. 29:21 He that delicately bringeth up his servant from a child shall have him become his son at the length. 29:22 An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in transgression. 29:23 A man's pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit. 29:24 Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth cursing, and bewrayeth it not.


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29:25 The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in the LORD shall be safe. 29:26 Many seek the ruler's favour; but every man's judgment cometh from the LORD. 29:27 An unjust man is an abomination to the just: and he that is upright in the way is abomination to the wicked.


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Chapter 30 30:1 The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal, 30:2 Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man. 30:3 I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. 30:4 Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell? 30:5 Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. 30:6 Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar. 30:7 Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die: 30:8 Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me: 30:9 Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain. 30:10 Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty. 30:11 There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother. 30:12 There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness. 30:13 There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up. 30:14 There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men. 30:15 The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough: 30:16 The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough. 30:17 The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it. 30:18 There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not: 30:19 The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid. 30:20 Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness. 30:21 For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:


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30:22 For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat; 30:23 For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress. 30:24 There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise: 30:25 The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer; 30:26 The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks; 30:27 The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands; 30:28 The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces. 30:29 There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going: 30:30 A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any; 30:31 A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up. 30:32 If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth. 30:33 Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.


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Chapter 31 THIS IS A KEY CHAPTER ON THE VIRTUOUS WIFE. This chapter gives a list of qualifications that make women a virtuous wife. Men and women should read it over carefully. 31:1 The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him. 31:2 What, my son? and what, the son of my womb? and what, the son of my vows? 31:3 Give not thy strength unto women, nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings. 31:4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: 31:5 Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. 31:6 Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts. 31:7 Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more. 31:8 Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. 31:9 Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. 31:10 Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. 31:11 The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. 31:12 She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. 31:13 She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands. 31:14 She is like the merchants' ships; she bringeth her food from afar. 31:15 She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens. 31:16 She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. 31:17 She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms. 31:18 She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. 31:19 She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. 31:20 She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. 31:21 She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet. 31:22 She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple. 31:23 Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land. 31:24 She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant.


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31:25 Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come. 31:26 She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness. 31:27 She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. 31:28 Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her. 31:29 Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. 31:30 Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. 31:31 Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates.

Now go back to 1 Kings 11


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Ecclesiastes Introduction PK says that this book was written showing the futility and emptiness of a life that is trying to follow earthly pursuits.

Author, Title, and Date The traditional English title comes from the book's heading in the Latin Vulgate translation (Liber Ecclesiastes) and is an anglicized version of the Greek and Latin renderings of the speaker's designation in Ecclesiastes 1:1 (Gk. ekklēsiastēs; Hb. Qoheleth). The Hebrew word is related to the term for “assembly” (Hb. qahal) and may be a title for someone who addresses an assembly (hence it is often translated “Preacher”). It could also refer to someone who possesses some other leadership role within an assembly. Scholars have debated whether Qoheleth is best understood as a personal name or a title, though the latter seems more likely in view of 12:8, where the definite article (“the”) precedes the word. Strictly speaking, then, the book is anonymous, given that no personal name is attached to it. Nevertheless, traditional Jewish and Christian scholarship has often ascribed authorship to Solomon (10th century b.c.), since the book describes the Preacher as the “son of David, king in Jerusalem” (1:1) and as someone who was surpassingly wise (1:16) and had a very prosperous reign (2:1–9; cf. 1 Kings 3–4). However, such arguments for Solomonic authorship have been called into question on several grounds: (1) The phrase “son of David” could refer to any legitimate Davidic descendant, as it does in Matthew 1:20 with reference to Joseph and frequently throughout the NT with reference to Jesus Christ. (2) The distinctive nature of the Hebrew language used in the book is widely believed to be indicative of a date much later than the 10th century b.c. (though some scholars explain the linguistic evidence in terms of other factors, such as a later modernizing of the language, the influence of foreign languages such as Phoenician or Aramaic, or the possibility of a regional dialect). (3) The Preacher's remarks imply a historical setting that seems in tension with the Solomonic era, such as the fact that many have preceded him as king in Jerusalem (e.g., Eccles. 1:16; 2:7, 9—though these may include non-Israelite kings), that injustice and oppression are openly practiced (3:16–17; 4:1–3; 8:10–11), and that he has observed firsthand the foolishness of kings (4:13–16; 10:5–6) and their abuse of royal power (8:2–9). On the other hand, other proposals also have difficulties, for it is difficult to find any later “king in Jerusalem” (1:1) who is a better candidate than Solomon for being able to claim that he had “acquired great wisdom, surpassing all who were over Jerusalem before me” (1:16), or that he had great possessions, “more than any who had been before me in Jerusalem” (2:7). In light of the book's anonymity and the difficulty in using linguistic evidence to establish its date of composition, it is best simply to recognize that some interpreters have concluded the author was Solomon, while others think it was some other writer later than Solomon. Regardless, the book claims that its wisdom ultimately comes from the “one Shepherd” (12:11), i.e., from God (Gen. 48:15; Ps. 23:1; 28:9; 80:1).

Theme The theme of Ecclesiastes is the necessity of fearing God in a fallen, and therefore frequently confusing and frustrating, world. The unique character of the book, however, has led to its being interpreted in widely diverse ways: as a statement of pessimism, optimism, religious and


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philosophical skepticism (either the Preacher's own or a skepticism assumed for the purpose of demonstrating the futility of an irreligious point of view), faithful belief, heterodoxy, and orthodoxy, to name only a few. Such contradictory understandings of the book are made possible by several of its distinctive features: (1) The book's refrain “vanity of vanities” is open to very different interpretations (see Key Themes), and one's understanding of this important thematic statement will significantly influence one's interpretation of the book as a whole. (2) The attempt to identify any consistent message in the book encounters difficulty because of a number of alleged contradictions within it (e.g., wisdom “preserves life” in 7:12 but fails to do so in 2:16; death is preferable to life's misery in 4:2 but life is superior to death in 9:4–6). (3) The Preacher makes a number of statements which, on the surface, appear highly unorthodox (e.g., 7:16) and at odds with other biblical statements (compare, e.g., 2:16 with Prov. 3:18, or Eccles. 11:9 with Num. 15:39). The book's epilogue (Eccles. 12:9–12) affirms the Preacher's wisdom.

Key Themes 1. The tragic reality of the fall. The Preacher is painfully aware that the creation has been “subjected to futility” and is “groaning . . . in the pains of childbirth” (Rom. 8:20, 22), and his more troubled musings are to be viewed as the cry of the heart of one who likewise is “groaning inwardly” as he eagerly awaits the resurrection age (see Rom. 8:23). It is especially noteworthy that when Paul refers to the creation being “subjected to futility,” the Greek word he uses (mataiotēs) is the one utilized 38 times in the lxx version of Ecclesiastes to render the word “vanity” (Hb. hebel), indicating that this book might well have formed the background to Paul's thought in Romans 8:18ff. The emphasis on the fall and its disastrous effects is closely related to the book's other key themes described below. 2. The “vanity” of life. The book begins and ends with the exclamation, “Vanity of vanities! All is vanity” (Eccles. 1:2; 12:8). While “vanity” is obviously a key word throughout the book (its 38 occurrences account for more than half of its total usage in the OT), it is notoriously difficult to translate. Literally the word means “vapor” (see esv footnote on 1:2) and conjures up a picture of something fleeting, ephemeral, and elusive, with different nuances to be ascertained from each context. When applied to human undertakings or the pleasures and joys of earthly life, it indicates that “the present form of this world is passing away” (1 Cor. 7:31); applied to the darker realities of living in a fallen world (e.g., death), it expresses frustration, anger, or sorrow; applied to the Preacher's search for understanding of all things, it indicates something that remained incomprehensible or inscrutable to him (e.g., Eccles. 1:14–15). This last-mentioned usage is particularly significant, as the book presents itself as primarily a quest to “figure out” all of life (see esp. 1:12–18). 3. Sin and death. Human beings forfeited the righteousness they originally possessed before God (7:29), and thus all people are sinners (7:20). The opening chapters of Genesis make it clear that death was a result of the fall (Gen. 2:16–17; 3:19), and the Preacher is only too aware of this dreadful reality that affects everyone (e.g., Eccles. 2:14–17; 3:18–21; 6:6). 4. The joy and the frustration of work. God gave Adam work to accomplish prior to the fall (Gen. 2:15), but part of the punishment of his sin was that it would become painful toil (Gen. 3:17–19). Both realities are borne out in the Preacher's experience, as he finds his work to be both satisfying (Eccles. 2:10, 24; 3:22; 5:18–20; 9:9–10) as well as aggravating (2:18–23; 4:4ff.). 5. The grateful enjoyment of God's good gifts. The Preacher spends a great deal of time commenting on the twisted realities of a fallen world, but this does not blind him to the beauty of the world God


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created (3:11) or cause him to despise God's good gifts of human relationships, food, drink, and satisfying labor (2:24–26; 3:12–13; 5:18–20; 7:14; 8:15; 9:7, 9). These are to be received humbly and enjoyed fully as blessings from God. 6. The fear of God. The fact that “all is vanity” should drive people to take refuge in God, whose work endures forever (3:14) and who is a “rock” for those who take shelter in him (e.g., Ps. 18:2; 62:8; 94:22). In other words, it summons people to “fear” or “revere” God (see notes on Eccles. 3:14; 5:7; 12:13–14; cf. also 7:18 and 8:12–13).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background Like the rest of the Bible's Wisdom Literature, Ecclesiastes is concerned with imparting wisdom and knowledge to the people of God (12:9–11) and teaching them to fear the Lord. The speaker's designation indicates that he is addressing an assembly of some kind (see Author, Title, and Date), though his counsel in 5:1–7 would seem to suggest a setting outside of the temple. The socioeconomic diversity of his audience is indicated by his remarks directed toward royal counselors (e.g., 8:1–9) as well as common farmers (e.g., 11:6).

History of Salvation Summary The history of salvation is the grand overarching story of the Bible; embracing it gives coherence to all of life. It calls each of God's people to own the story, and it dignifies each one with a role in the further outworking of the story. Nevertheless it is impossible for any human being to fully grasp how his or her decisions will contribute to God's grand scheme; and Ecclesiastes helps people to see that they do not have to understand this. Each of the faithful, by “fearing God and keeping his commandments” (12:13), participates in ways that he cannot “find out,” trusting that God will take care of the big plan. Despite the fact that the Preacher is a great king and a teacher of true wisdom, he ultimately surpasses Solomon and others (1:16; 2:7, 9). From a Christian theological perspective, reading the biblical story line as a whole, one can see analogies between the Preacher and Jesus Christ who is the “Son of David” (Matt. 1:1), king (Matt. 2:2; Acts 17:7; Rev. 17:14; 19:16), “wisdom from God” (1 Cor. 1:24, 30), and “one Shepherd” (Ezek. 34:23; 37:24; John 10:11, 16), in whose ministry “something greater than Solomon” has arrived (Luke 11:31). (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Outline 1. Introduction and Theme (1:1–3) 2. First Catalog of “Vanities” (1:4–2:26) 1. The “vanity” of the natural world (1:4–11) 2. The “vanity” of wisdom and knowledge (1:12–18) 3. The “vanity” of pleasures, possessions, and accomplishments (2:1–11) 4. More on the “vanity” of wisdom (2:12–17) 5. The “vanity” of labor (2:18–26) 3. Poem: A Time for Everything (3:1–8) 4. Fear God, the Sovereign One (3:9–15) 5. Second Catalog of “Vanities” (3:16–4:16) 1. The “vanity” of mortal life (3:16–4:3) 2. More on the “vanity” of labor (4:4–12) 3. More on the “vanity” of wisdom (4:13–16) 6. Fear God, the Holy and Righteous One (5:1–7)


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7. Life “Under the Sun” (5:8–7:24) 1. Injustice (5:8–9) 2. Greed vs. contentment (5:10–6:9) 3. Wisdom for living “under the sun” (6:10–7:24) 8. The Heart of the Problem: Sin (7:25–29) 9. More on Life “Under the Sun” (8:1–12:7) 1. Wisdom in dealing with foolish authorities (8:1–9) 2. The importance of fearing God (8:10–13) 3. The limits of human knowledge (8:14–17) 4. The unpredictability of life and certainty of death (9:1–6) 5. Finding enjoyment as circumstances allow (9:7–10) 6. More on the unpredictability of life (9:11–12) 7. The paths of wisdom and foolishness (9:13–11:6) 1. The power of wisdom (9:13–18) 2. Proverbs concerning wisdom and foolishness (10:1–20) 3. Wise practices in light of the unpredictability of life (11:1–6) 8. Aging and the “vanity” of mortal life (11:7–12:7) 10. Final Conclusion and Epilogue (12:8–14)


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Chapter 1 1:1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. 1:2 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.

Everything is useless, no matter what you gain in this world you die anyway in the end. There is a tone of despair in this book because Solomon is giving an account of how it was when he had everything. This is how he felt 1:3 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? 1:4 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. 1:5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. 1:6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. 1:7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. 1:8 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing. 1:9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. 1:10 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us. 1:11 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after. 1:12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. 1:13 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man to be exercised therewith. 1:14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit. 1:15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered. 1:16 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge. 1:17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit.

He thought he still had wisdom. 1:18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.


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Chapter 2 2:1 I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and, behold, this also is vanity.

Pleasure was vanity 2:2 I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? 2:3 I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet acquainting mine heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all the days of their life. 2:4 I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards: 2:5 I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits: 2:6 I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees: 2:7 I got me servants and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of great and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem before me: 2:8 I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men, as musical instruments, and that of all sorts. 2:9 So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem: also my wisdom remained with me. 2:10 And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them, I withheld not my heart from any joy; for my heart rejoiced in all my labour: and this was my portion of all my labour. 2:11 Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do: and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and there was no profit under the sun. 2:12 And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly: for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath been already done. 2:13 Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. 2:14 The wise man's eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happeneth to them all. 2:15 Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my heart, that this also is vanity. 2:16 For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool. 2:17 Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

He hated life.


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2:18 Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun: because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me. 2:19 And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity. 2:20 Therefore I went about to cause my heart to despair of all the labour which I took under the sun. 2:21 For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil. 2:22 For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun? 2:23 For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taketh not rest in the night. This is also vanity. 2:24 There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This also I saw, that it was from the hand of God. 2:25 For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I? 2:26 For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God. This also is vanity and vexation of spirit.


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Chapter 3 3:1 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: 3:2 A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; 3:3 A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; 3:4 A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; 3:5 A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; 3:6 A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; 3:7 A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; 3:8 A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace. 3:9 What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth? 3:10 I have seen the travail, which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it. 3:11 He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end. 3:12 I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life. 3:13 And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God. 3:14 I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. 3:15 That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past.

KEY TEXT A prophetic principal of interpretation is seen here. The principal that History repeats is seen here. What has passed? History. This text shows us that if we want to understand prophecy we must study history. God requires it. THIS DEFENDS HISTORICISM. If you want to understand anything, understand history. 3:16 And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there. 3:17 I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work. 3:18 I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts. 3:19 For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one


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dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity. 3:20 All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again. 3:21 Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth? 3:22 Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his own works; for that is his portion: for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?


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Chapter 4 4:1 So I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter. 4:2 Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive. 4:3 Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun. 4:4 Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and vexation of spirit. 4:5 The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh. 4:6 Better is an handful with quietness, than both the hands full with travail and vexation of spirit. 4:7 Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun. 4:8 There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it is a sore travail. 4:9 Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour. 4:10 For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up. 4:11 Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone? 4:12 And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. 4:13 Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, who will no more be admonished. 4:14 For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor. 4:15 I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead. 4:16 There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be more ready to hear, than to give the sacrifice of fools: for they consider not that they do evil. 5:2 Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth: therefore let thy words be few. 5:3 For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool's voice is known by multitude of words. 5:4 When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed. 5:5 Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay. 5:6 Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy flesh to sin; neither say thou before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry at thy voice, and destroy the work of thine hands? 5:7 For in the multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear thou God. 5:8 If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they. 5:9 Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king himself is served by the field. 5:10 He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he that loveth abundance with increase: this is also vanity. 5:11 When goods increase, they are increased that eat them: and what good is there to the owners thereof, saving the beholding of them with their eyes? 5:12 The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep. 5:13 There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt. 5:14 But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand. 5:15 As he came forth of his mother's womb, naked shall he return to go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may carry away in his hand. 5:16 And this also is a sore evil, that in all points as he came, so shall he go: and what profit hath he that hath laboured for the wind? 5:17 All his days also he eateth in darkness, and he hath much sorrow and wrath with his sickness. 5:18 Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh under the sun all the days of his life, which God giveth him: for it is his portion. 5:19 Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his labour; this is the gift of God.


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5:20 For he shall not much remember the days of his life; because God answereth him in the joy of his heart.


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Chapter 6 6:1 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men: 6:2 A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease. 6:3 If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he. 6:4 For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness. 6:5 Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other. 6:6 Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place? 6:7 All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled. 6:8 For what hath the wise more than the fool? what hath the poor, that knoweth to walk before the living? 6:9 Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity and vexation of spirit. 6:10 That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is man: neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he. 6:11 Seeing there be many things that increase vanity, what is man the better? 6:12 For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun?


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Chapter 7 7:1 A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one's birth. 7:2 It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting: for that is the end of all men; and the living will lay it to his heart. 7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter: for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better. 7:4 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth. 7:5 It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools. 7:6 For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool: this also is vanity. 7:7 Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart. 7:8 Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: and the patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit. 7:9 Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools. 7:10 Say not thou, What is the cause that the former days were better than these? for thou dost not enquire wisely concerning this. 7:11 Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to them that see the sun. 7:12 For wisdom is a defence, and money is a defence: but the excellency of knowledge is, that wisdom giveth life to them that have it. 7:13 Consider the work of God: for who can make that straight, which he hath made crooked? 7:14 In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him. 7:15 All things have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man that prolongeth his life in his wickedness. 7:16 Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why shouldest thou destroy thyself? 7:17 Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish: why shouldest thou die before thy time? 7:18 It is good that thou shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this withdraw not thine hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of them all. 7:19 Wisdom strengtheneth the wise more than ten mighty men which are in the city. 7:20 For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. 7:21 Also take no heed unto all words that are spoken; lest thou hear thy servant curse thee: 7:22 For oftentimes also thine own heart knoweth that thou thyself likewise hast cursed others. 7:23 All this have I proved by wisdom: I said, I will be wise; but it was far from me.


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Here Solomon admits that there was a loss of wisdom. 7:24 That which is far off, and exceeding deep, who can find it out? 7:25 I applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out wisdom, and the reason of things, and to know the wickedness of folly, even of foolishness and madness: 7:26 And I find more bitter than death the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as bands: whoso pleaseth God shall escape from her; but the sinner shall be taken by her. 7:27 Behold, this have I found, saith the preacher, counting one by one, to find out the account: 7:28 Which yet my soul seeketh, but I find not: one man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all those have I not found. 7:29 Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.


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Chapter 8 8:1 Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing? a man's wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness of his face shall be changed. 8:2 I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God. 8:3 Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him. 8:4 Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto him, What doest thou? 8:5 Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man's heart discerneth both time and judgment. 8:6 Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him. 8:7 For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be? 8:8 There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver those that are given to it. 8:9 All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt. 8:10 And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity. 8:11 Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil. 8:12 Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, which fear before him: 8:13 But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God. 8:14 There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity. 8:15 Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun. 8:16 When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth: (for also there is that neither day nor night seeth sleep with his eyes:) 8:17 Then I beheld all the work of God, that a man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea further; though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it.


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Chapter 9 9:1 For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them. 9:2 All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath. 9:3 This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun, that there is one event unto all: yea, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead. 9:4 For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion. 9:5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

KEY TEXTS 9:6 Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun. 9:7 Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works. 9:8 Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no ointment. 9:9 Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vanity: for that is thy portion in this life, and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun. 9:10 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.

Do with our might. 9:11 I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. 9:12 For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them. 9:13 This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it seemed great unto me: 9:14 There was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it: 9:15 Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man. 9:16 Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength: nevertheless the poor man's wisdom is despised, and


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his words are not heard. 9:17 The words of wise men are heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools. 9:18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good.


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Chapter 10 10:1 Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour: so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honour. 10:2 A wise man's heart is at his right hand; but a fool's heart at his left. 10:3 Yea also, when he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is a fool. 10:4 If the spirit of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place; for yielding pacifieth great offences. 10:5 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, as an error which proceedeth from the ruler: 10:6 Folly is set in great dignity, and the rich sit in low place. 10:7 I have seen servants upon horses, and princes walking as servants upon the earth. 10:8 He that diggeth a pit shall fall into it; and whoso breaketh an hedge, a serpent shall bite him. 10:9 Whoso removeth stones shall be hurt therewith; and he that cleaveth wood shall be endangered thereby. 10:10 If the iron be blunt, and he do not whet the edge, then must he put to more strength: but wisdom is profitable to direct. 10:11 Surely the serpent will bite without enchantment; and a babbler is no better. 10:12 The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious; but the lips of a fool will swallow up himself. 10:13 The beginning of the words of his mouth is foolishness: and the end of his talk is mischievous madness. 10:14 A fool also is full of words: a man cannot tell what shall be; and what shall be after him, who can tell him? 10:15 The labour of the foolish wearieth every one of them, because he knoweth not how to go to the city. 10:16 Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child, and thy princes eat in the morning! 10:17 Blessed art thou, O land, when thy king is the son of nobles, and thy princes eat in due season, for strength, and not for drunkenness! 10:18 By much slothfulness the building decayeth; and through idleness of the hands the house droppeth through. 10:19 A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money answereth all things. 10:20 Curse not the king, no not in thy thought; and curse not the rich in thy bedchamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter.


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Chapter 11 11:1 Cast thy bread upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many days. 11:2 Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth. 11:3 If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth: and if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be. 11:4 He that observeth the wind shall not sow; and he that regardeth the clouds shall not reap. 11:5 As thou knowest not what is the way of the spirit, nor how the bones do grow in the womb of her that is with child: even so thou knowest not the works of God who maketh all. 11:6 In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thine hand: for thou knowest not whether shall prosper, either this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good. 11:7 Truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun: 11:8 But if a man live many years, and rejoice in them all; yet let him remember the days of darkness; for they shall be many. All that cometh is vanity. 11:9 Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in the days of thy youth, and walk in the ways of thine heart, and in the sight of thine eyes: but know thou, that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment. 11:10 Therefore remove sorrow from thy heart, and put away evil from thy flesh: for childhood and youth are vanity.


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Chapter 12 12:1 Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them;

He is saying when you are young get it to gether. 12:2 While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain: 12:3 In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened, 12:4 And the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of musick shall be brought low; 12:5 Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: 12:6 Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern. 12:7 Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.

Spirit here means breath. Must show in Hebrew. 12:8 Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity. 12:9 And moreover, because the preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge; yea, he gave good heed, and sought out, and set in order many proverbs. 12:10 The preacher sought to find out acceptable words: and that which was written was upright, even words of truth. 12:11 The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd. 12:12 And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh. 12:13 Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.

KEY TEXTS: Solomon has come to repentance and he is saying everything is meaningless if you are not doing what God says. Everything will come to judgment anyway. 12:14 For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.

Now go to Song of Solomon.


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Song of Solomon Introduction This is a book of love. But somehow we never hear even a sermon on this book. Perhaps there’s a good reason. As a child we would be embarrassed when certain portions were read. 2 Tim 3:16, 17 [16] All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: [17] That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.

If this book is merely a love story, if it’s merely a love song, poetry for a man that loved his pride, it would not fulfill the criteria of 2Tim 3:16. It would not have any instruction in righteousness. But if you look closely at the story, you will begin to understand there’s a far more meaning behind the symbols. The book of Song of Solomon, as we look from the distance, it begs to be looked at from a spiritual standpoint: 1. Solomon was a son of David = Jesus is called the son of David (Matt 1:1). 2. Solomon’s bride = God’s church is bride of Christ. (Jer 6:2; Isa 51:16; 2Cor 11:2; Eph 5:23) 3. She was a simple, humble vineyard keeper = Christ chose the humble (Jm 2:5; 1Cor 1:27) The Song of Solomon celebrates his marriage to his first wife—the only one he married out of love. Therefore, when we see him complementing his wife, it is another way of seeing Christ describing His love for the church. With this idea, the whole book will take new meaning. As you study this book, what seemed like a dry desert will become a living fountains that might water a parched and empty soul.

Author and Date The questions of who wrote the Song of Solomon, when it was written, how to read it properly, and what it means as part of Scripture are intertwined, and have occasioned many disagreements.Jews and Christians have traditionally taken 1:1 (“The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's”) to mean that Solomon, the son and successor to David, wrote the entire Song of Solomon, pointing to 1 Kings 4:32 (“his songs were 1,005”) for evidence of Solomon's authorial work. However, there are several reasons to hesitate on that matter. First, Song of Solomon 1:1 is grammatically ambiguous: it need not mean that Solomon wrote the Song of Solomon, only that it was written in his honor. Second, what is known of Solomon himself from 1 Kings raises problems with the suggestion that Solomon was the author. For example, 1 Kings 2 gives a concise summary of how Solomon's kingdom was established (cf. 1 Kings 2:46), which is followed immediately by the statement in 1 Kings 3:1 that “Solomon made a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt.” Pharaoh's daughter, however, could not have been the country girl (a Shulammite) who is the heroine of the Song of Solomon (though some hold that Solomon might have married the Shulammite before he married Pharaoh's daughter). Likewise, Solomon's full harem (1 Kings 11:1–8) makes him a very bad example of married love for Israel (though some have replied that the Song of Solomon reflects Solomon's wisdom that came from his chastened perspective as he reflected on his own life). Third, the book mentions Solomon (Song 1:5; 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11–12), but generally as a distant, even idealized figure. If it is not entirely certain that Solomon wrote the book, one can still argue that the book was http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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written during Solomon's reign (971–931 b.c.). The book mentions him and seems to assume his glorious reign as a known fact. At the same time, the heroine is a young Shulammite woman (6:13); most take this to mean that she comes from the village of Shunem (Josh. 19:18; 2 Kings 4:8), which is in the tribal inheritance of Issachar. Furthermore, the town of Tirzah is mentioned along with Jerusalem in comparisons of beauty (Song 6:4). The towns of Shunem and Tirzah were located in what became the northern kingdom. These features make it likely that the book comes from the time before Israel was divided into the northern and southern kingdoms, which took place just after Solomon's death (931 b.c.). Thus, the book was probably written sometime between c. 960 b.c. (when Solomon's reign was well established) and 931, perhaps under Solomon's oversight.

Theme, Title, and Interpretation The Song of Solomon, or Song of Songs (1:1), contains beautiful and sensuous poetry expressing romantic love between a young man (a shepherd, 1:7) and a young woman (a shepherdess, 1:8) in ancient Israel. On this point there is general agreement; but agreement ends once the discussion moves to how the Song of Solomon works to convey its theme. The Song of Solomon has in fact been subject to a broader range of interpretation probably than any other book in the Bible. Thus the Song of Solomon was first understood by early Jewish interpreters as an allegory of God's love for Israel; and then, through many centuries of Christian interpretation, as primarily an allegory of Christ's love for the church, or as Christ's love for the soul. In contrast to this, most Christian interpreters since the nineteenth century have understood the Song of Solomon as a beautifully crafted love poem describing either: (1) the relationship between King Solomon and his Shulammite bride, or (2) the relationship between a simple shepherd and the Shulammite shepherdess, or (3) a three-character relationship involving Solomon, a shepherd boy, and the Shulammite shepherdess. Still many others, since the beginning of the twentieth century, have understood the Song of Solomon as simply a collection of sensuous love poems on a common theme, rather than the unfolding of a single poetic love story. Given this wide range of interpretative diversity, it has seemed best in these notes to focus mainly on a single cohesive interpretation of the Song of Solomon, while at the same time acknowledging that other interpretations are also commonly held among Bible-believing Christian interpreters (see Alternative Interpretations).

Key Themes 1. God's covenant, which commands sexual purity, provides just the right framework (marriage) within which his people may properly enjoy the gift of sexual intimacy (cf. Gen. 2:23–24). Thus God's people honor him and commend him to the world when they demonstrate with their lives that obedience in such matters brings genuine delight. 2. Marriage is a gift of God, and is to be founded on loyalty and commitment (see Gen. 2:24, “hold fast”), which allows delight to flourish. As such, it is a fitting image for God's relationship with his people, in both the OT and the NT.

Purpose, Occasion, and Background As has been indicated, it is preferable to read the Song of Solomon as a single literary whole (rather than a collection of love poems) telling the story of two betrothed Israelites who look forward to their marriage and the pleasure of their union.


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It is common to group the Song of Solomon with the Wisdom Literature of the Bible (see Introduction to the Poetic and Wisdom Literature), and this finds support in the connection with Solomon (see Author and Date) and in the parallels with Proverbs 5:15–19 (see Theme, Title, and Interpretation). Like other Wisdom Literature, the Song of Solomon assumes that the covenant God of Israel (“the Lord,” Song 8:6) is the one true God, Maker of heaven and earth. The purpose of the redemptive covenants is to restore fallen, damaged creatures (mankind) to the proper functioning of their humanity. Therefore obedience to the Lord's commands is the right way to enjoy the world God made, and it also displays to the rest of the world how refreshingly attractive it is to know the true God. The picture of the two lovers in the Song of Solomon is an ideal one, as are the character portraits in Proverbs: the picture provides the pattern into which God wishes to shape his faithful people, which is also the pattern toward which they will freely give themselves to be shaped. Indeed, one function of wisdom literature is to make that pattern attractive, as the Song of Solomon does in full measure.

History of Salvation Summary The fall of mankind damaged every aspect of human lives, and God's work of redemption aims to restore every aspect to its proper functioning. God's goal is that romantic love, with all its potential pain and degradation, should be an arena of enjoyment for his redeemed people. (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Outline The following outline corresponds to the arguments presented in the introduction above and provides the structure for the interpretative strategy followed in the notes below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Title: The Best of Songs (1:1) The Lovers Yearn for Each Other (1:2–2:17) The Shepherdess Dreams (3:1–6:3) The Lovers Yearn for Each Other Again (6:4–8:4) The Lovers Join in Marriage (8:5–14)


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Chapter 1 1:1 The song of songs, which is Solomon's. 1:2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is better than wine. 1:3 Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee. 1:4 Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy love more than wine: the upright love thee. 1:5 I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon. 1:6 Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath looked upon me: my mother's children were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept. 1:7 Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions? 1:8 If thou know not, O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock, and feed thy kids beside the shepherds' tents. 1:9 I have compared thee, O my love, to a company of horses in Pharaoh's chariots. 1:10 Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels, thy neck with chains of gold. 1:11 We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver. 1:12 While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof. 1:13 A bundle of myrrh is my wellbeloved unto me; he shall lie all night betwixt my breasts. 1:14 My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards of Engedi. 1:15 Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast doves' eyes. 1:16 Behold, thou art fair, my beloved, yea, pleasant: also our bed is green. 1:17 The beams of our house are cedar, and our rafters of fir.


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Chapter 2 2:1 I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleys. 2:2 As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters. 2:3 As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste. 2:4 He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love. 2:5 Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love. 2:6 His left hand is under my head, and his right hand doth embrace me. 2:7 I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please. 2:8 The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills. 2:9 My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he standeth behind our wall, he looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself through the lattice. 2:10 My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away. 2:11 For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; 2:12 The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land; 2:13 The fig tree putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away. 2:14 O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, in the secret places of the stairs, let me see thy countenance, let me hear thy voice; for sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely. 2:15 Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes.

It is the little foxes that spoil the vines. It is little things that destroy our spirituality. Sometimes those little foxes are benign in themselves. For example, internet, as helpful as it can be it is one of the most time wasters. 2:16 My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feedeth among the lilies. 2:17 Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.


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Chapter 3 3:1 By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, but I found him not. 3:2 I will rise now, and go about the city in the streets, and in the broad ways I will seek him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, but I found him not. 3:3 The watchmen that go about the city found me: to whom I said, Saw ye him whom my soul loveth? 3:4 It was but a little that I passed from them, but I found him whom my soul loveth: I held him, and would not let him go, until I had brought him into my mother's house, and into the chamber of her that conceived me. 3:5 I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please. 3:6 Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all powders of the merchant? 3:7 Behold his bed, which is Solomon's; threescore valiant men are about it, of the valiant of Israel. 3:8 They all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath his sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night. 3:9 King Solomon made himself a chariot of the wood of Lebanon. 3:10 He made the pillars thereof of silver, the bottom thereof of gold, the covering of it of purple, the midst thereof being paved with love, for the daughters of Jerusalem. 3:11 Go forth, O ye daughters of Zion, and behold king Solomon with the crown wherewith his mother crowned him in the day of his espousals, and in the day of the gladness of his heart.


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Chapter 4 4:1 Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast doves' eyes within thy locks: thy hair is as a flock of goats, that appear from mount Gilead. 4:2 Thy teeth are like a flock of sheep that are even shorn, which came up from the washing; whereof every one bear twins, and none is barren among them. 4:3 Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, and thy speech is comely: thy temples are like a piece of a pomegranate within thy locks. 4:4 Thy neck is like the tower of David builded for an armoury, whereon there hang a thousand bucklers, all shields of mighty men. 4:5 Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins, which feed among the lilies. 4:6 Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, I will get me to the mountain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankincense. 4:7 Thou art all fair, my love; there is no spot in thee. 4:8 Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions' dens, from the mountains of the leopards. 4:9 Thou hast ravished my heart, my sister, my spouse; thou hast ravished my heart with one of thine eyes, with one chain of thy neck. 4:10 How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices! 4:11 Thy lips, O my spouse, drop as the honeycomb: honey and milk are under thy tongue; and the smell of thy garments is like the smell of Lebanon. 4:12 A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed. 4:13 Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, 4:14 Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices: 4:15 A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon. 4:16 Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his pleasant fruits.


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Chapter 5 5:1 I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse: I have gathered my myrrh with my spice; I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have drunk my wine with my milk: eat, O friends; drink, yea, drink abundantly, O beloved. 5:2 I sleep, but my heart waketh: it is the voice of my beloved that knocketh, saying, Open to me, my sister, my love, my dove, my undefiled: for my head is filled with dew, and my locks with the drops of the night. 5:3 I have put off my coat; how shall I put it on? I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them? 5:4 My beloved put in his hand by the hole of the door, and my bowels were moved for him. 5:5 I rose up to open to my beloved; and my hands dropped with myrrh, and my fingers with sweet smelling myrrh, upon the handles of the lock. 5:6 I opened to my beloved; but my beloved had withdrawn himself, and was gone: my soul failed when he spake: I sought him, but I could not find him; I called him, but he gave me no answer. 5:7 The watchmen that went about the city found me, they smote me, they wounded me; the keepers of the walls took away my veil from me. 5:8 I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, if ye find my beloved, that ye tell him, that I am sick of love. 5:9 What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us? 5:10 My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand. 5:11 His head is as the most fine gold, his locks are bushy, and black as a raven. 5:12 His eyes are as the eyes of doves by the rivers of waters, washed with milk, and fitly set. 5:13 His cheeks are as a bed of spices, as sweet flowers: his lips like lilies, dropping sweet smelling myrrh. 5:14 His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires. 5:15 His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance is as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars. 5:16 His mouth is most sweet: yea, he is altogether lovely. This is my beloved, and this is my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.


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Chapter 6 6:1 Whither is thy beloved gone, O thou fairest among women? whither is thy beloved turned aside? that we may seek him with thee. 6:2 My beloved is gone down into his garden, to the beds of spices, to feed in the gardens, and to gather lilies. 6:3 I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies. 6:4 Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, terrible as an army with banners. 6:5 Turn away thine eyes from me, for they have overcome me: thy hair is as a flock of goats that appear from Gilead. 6:6 Thy teeth are as a flock of sheep which go up from the washing, whereof every one beareth twins, and there is not one barren among them.

This is Solomon speaking. Perhaps we never heard someone saying to a lady that her teeth are like a flock of sheep. As strange as it sounds, it’s not too odd if we begin to think about sheep and teeth. What do they have in common? 1. Teeth should be white. 2. Teeth requires washing 3. Each tooth has twins or pairs 4. Each tooth should be close together If this was only a love story, merely a poem to complement his wife, this verse contains absolutely no instruction in righteousness. But the Bible says all scriptures are profitable. Which means this verse is no exception. When you study the passages that seem to indicate by their symbolism, every physical object has spiritual symbol and contains spiritual meaning. “Sheep” = God’s people (Ps 79:13, Isa 53:6) “Washing” = Cleansed from sin (Isa 1:16) (“Whereof” – as a result of God’s people cleansed from sin.) “beareth twins” (give birth) = win souls (Gal 4:19) Therefore, if you are God’s people and cleansed from sin, you will win souls. In other words, if you have no desire for winning souls, probably you are not been cleansed from sin. GC 70 The very first impulse of the renewed heart is to bring others also to the Saviour. Those who do not possess this desire give evidence that they have lost their first love…

“not one barren” – as Christ complement His bride, the church, He tells them in a symbolic way: in


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God’s church, there’s not even one person that is unable to bring someone to Jesus Christ. When you begin to look at the song of Solomon in this way, this book is rich of spiritual instructions “that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.” 6:7 As a piece of a pomegranate are thy temples within thy locks. 6:8 There are threescore queens, and fourscore concubines, and virgins without number.

This passage as strange as it seems, is a very descriptive passage of the church. Let’s step back and remember the imagery the Bible is using. “little sister” – who is this? It’s not Christ’s bride because this is Shulamite speaking. Therefore we can conclude that it’s a church, but not God’s true church. “breasts” – in the physical realm, breasts hold milk. In the spiritual realm, milk is symbol for God’s word (1Peter 2:2; Heb 5:12, 13). That means this church doesn’t have that which contains God’s word. In the physical realm, a woman has two breasts, that which contain milk. In the spiritual realm, what is it that the church possess she has two of which contain God’s word? The old and new testament. Therefore, these church (group of people), do not have God’s word. “when she shall be spoken for” – there’s only one time in times past when a woman was to be spoken for. That is when the soother came asking for her hand in marriage—wedding. In spiritual realm, the wedding is a symbol for judgment (Matt 22). Therefore, the question is: “If there’s a group of people that doesn’t have the word of God, in the judgment day how will they be spoken for?” 6:9 My dove, my undefiled is but one; she is the only one of her mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her.

“wall” = the Bible calls the people discovered the Sabbath commandment, “the repairers of the breech.” Isa 58:12. Therefore, wall becomes the symbol for God’s law. Is it possible for them to do the law when they don’t even have the word of God? It’s possible. (Rom 2:14). “silver” = pure word of God. (Ps 12:6). If they do the things contained in the law, we will teach her God’s word. “door” – Jesus Christ (Jn 10:9). Is it possible for a group of people to know Jesus yet not have the pure word of God? Absolutely. “boards of cedar” – this expression appears only one occasion in the Bible and it’s in reference to the sanctuary. 1Kings 6:16. Here’s a group of people that don’t have the Bible, what’s going to happen to them in the judgment? If they do the law, we will teach them the pure word of God; if they know Jesus, we will teach them the righteousness of Christ was revealed in the sanctuary. 6:10 Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?


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“I am a wall” – God’s true church has the law “my breasts like towers” – God’s true church is filled with a knowledge of both the old and new testament. God loves the church and it’s because she keeps the Law of God, and she’s filled with the knowledge of pure word of God. Woman = Church SOP Ellen white quotes this verse and applies it to the church. This is the church when it is pure and it is finishing the work on earth and becoming the church triumphant. KEY TEXT. (*PO connects with Joel 2) 6:11 I went down into the garden of nuts to see the fruits of the valley, and to see whether the vine flourished, and the pomegranates budded.

This passage begs to be symbolic. No grapes on earth would cost a thousand pieces of silver. It’s not talking about a literal event. “Baalhamon” – “the Lord of the multitude.” Christ has a large vineyard. “vineyard” – God’s people. “keepers” – pastors, teachers, elders, Sabbath school teachers, who are required to take care of the vineyard. “fruit” – souls. Pro 11:30 “thousand pieces of silver” = full of God’s pure word. If you want to get a fruit from God’s vineyard, the exchange rate is that you got to give tons of God’s word. Only way you can get a soul is when you seat down with him and begin to share thee thousand pieces of silver. Everything else is to means to the end—getting them to study the thousands of verses found in the scripture. The only currency the Lord of the vineyard would accept is thousand pieces of silver. 6:12 Or ever I was aware, my soul made me like the chariots of Amminadib. 6:13 Return, return, O Shulamite; return, return, that we may look upon thee. What will ye see in the Shulamite? As it were the company of two armies.

This is the Shulamite speaking: “My vineyard is right before us.” That means the closest people around you—your family, your friends. Song of Sol 1:6 Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath looked upon me: my mother’s children were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept.

How often is the case! We have jobs and different responsibilities, we do them perhaps because of


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the social sigma that is attached in neglecting them. But sometimes you were busy being keepers of other vineyards, and our vineyard which is right before me—family, friends, roommate—is not kept. How many prominent preachers and leaders do we see whose children are not even in the church anymore. It’s so easy to neglect your own vineyard which is right before you.


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Chapter 7 7:1 How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, O prince's daughter! the joints of thy thighs are like jewels, the work of the hands of a cunning workman. 7:2 Thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor: thy belly is like an heap of wheat set about with lilies. 7:3 Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins. 7:4 Thy neck is as a tower of ivory; thine eyes like the fishpools in Heshbon, by the gate of Bathrabbim: thy nose is as the tower of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus. 7:5 Thine head upon thee is like Carmel, and the hair of thine head like purple; the king is held in the galleries. 7:6 How fair and how pleasant art thou, O love, for delights! 7:7 This thy stature is like to a palm tree, and thy breasts to clusters of grapes. 7:8 I said, I will go up to the palm tree, I will take hold of the boughs thereof: now also thy breasts shall be as clusters of the vine, and the smell of thy nose like apples; 7:9 And the roof of thy mouth like the best wine for my beloved, that goeth down sweetly, causing the lips of those that are asleep to speak. 7:10 I am my beloved's, and his desire is toward me. 7:11 Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; let us lodge in the villages. 7:12 Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and the pomegranates bud forth: there will I give thee my loves. 7:13 The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for thee, O my beloved.


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Chapter 8 8:1 O that thou wert as my brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother! when I should find thee without, I would kiss thee; yea, I should not be despised. 8:2 I would lead thee, and bring thee into my mother's house, who would instruct me: I would cause thee to drink of spiced wine of the juice of my pomegranate. 8:3 His left hand should be under my head, and his right hand should embrace me. 8:4 I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, until he please. 8:5 Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, leaning upon her beloved? I raised thee up under the apple tree: there thy mother brought thee forth: there she brought thee forth that bare thee. 8:6 Set me as a seal upon thine heart, as a seal upon thine arm: for love is strong as death; jealousy is cruel as the grave: the coals thereof are coals of fire, which hath a most vehement flame. 8:7 Many waters cannot quench love, neither can the floods drown it: if a man would give all the substance of his house for love, it would utterly be contemned. 8:8 We have a little sister, and she hath no breasts: what shall we do for our sister in the day when she shall be spoken for? 8:9 If she be a wall, we will build upon her a palace of silver: and if she be a door, we will inclose her with boards of cedar. 8:10 I am a wall, and my breasts like towers: then was I in his eyes as one that found favour. 8:11 Solomon had a vineyard at Baalhamon; he let out the vineyard unto keepers; every one for the fruit thereof was to bring a thousand pieces of silver. 8:12 My vineyard, which is mine, is before me: thou, O Solomon, must have a thousand, and those that keep the fruit thereof two hundred. 8:13 Thou that dwellest in the gardens, the companions hearken to thy voice: cause me to hear it.

This is not Shulamite speaking neither Solomon. Both of them have vineyard, but this person is outside of the vineyard and they are calling people inside the vineyard and saying this words. Isn’t this so often the case? We who are inside the vineyard often times our energies are wasted on people that are inside of the vineyard. Everyone inside of the vineyard can hear what we have to say and believe. How often to the people outside get a chance to hear your voice? The final point here is the cry of this person: “Cause me to hear it!” 8:14 Make haste, my beloved, and be thou like to a roe or to a young hart upon the mountains of spices.

Now go back to 1 Kings 15-16, 2 Chron 14-16, and then 1 Kings 17.


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Amos Introduction Amos means "to carry a load" A burden bearer. He had a burden. Because of the sins of Israel. He is a farmer. And he doesn't use fancy language. He is simple and right to the point. Points: 1.) Amos never claimed to be a prophet other points and PO's Study all sermons thoroughly! Sermons: 1.) "A Basket of Summer Fruit" Showing the condition of the church and God showing it is time to harvest His people. Connects with Rev 14 (study!) Can do this along with the shaking or 2.) 'The Shaking' show it alone from chapter 9 3.) Daniel 11 (with much study!!) 4.) Eph 2 & Amos 9 "Mystery of God" and how God will convert the gentiles to be one with Christ to complete the mystery of God. 5.) "Take away the tin!" Connect this with sanctuary in explaining the altar of burnt offering what it means. Bring in the shaking and close of probation. (study!!) 6.) "The Faithful City" Rev 19 showing the marriage of the lamb. Connects with Daniel. Shows the investigation makes up the members of the faithful city, can tie in shaking too! Quiz: 1. Key Text: Lord reveals what he will do in the future through prophets? Amos 3:7 2. Who lead the reformation in Judah during the time of Joash? Jehoida the priest. 3. What king in 700 B.C. had a long reign in Israel who conquered Syria, and put Amon and Moab to tribute? 4. What prophet pointed out the sins in Israel during its prosperity? 5. What king in the 8th Century B.C. (700's) had a long reign in Judah conquering the Philistines, Arabians and put to tribute Amon but got leprosy? Uzziah 6. In what foreign country did Jonah preach with success? Syria 7. What particular sin in Israel was opposed and frequently mentioned by Amos the prophet? (Bonus)

Author and Title The first verse of the book identifies it as the work of Amos, one of “the shepherds of Tekoa.” Nothing else is known about Amos apart from what he says about himself in 7:14–15. There Amos insists that he is not a prophet by profession, but a “herdsman and a dresser of sycamore figs” whom God entrusted with the special task of carrying a divine message to the people of the northern kingdom.

Date The first verse of the book also identifies the time period when Amos spoke. It is said to have been during the reigns of “Uzziah king of Judah and . . . Jeroboam . . . king of Israel.” Since these were both long reigns, a lengthy time frame emerges when the book could have been written. Jeroboam II began to reign over Israel in 793 b.c., and Uzziah died in 739. Many scholars suggest a date roughly in the middle of the period, about 760 b.c., but there is no conclusive evidence to say that it could not have been earlier or later. One bit of circumstantial evidence is found in 7:17, where Amos


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seems to predict that the priest Amaziah will be taken into exile and die there. Since Amaziah must have been at least 30 years old to be a practicing priest (if Num. 4:3 was observed in the north), and since the exile of the northern kingdom occurred in 722 b.c., this would suggest a date for this encounter nearer the end of the period 793–739 than the beginning.

Theme The theme of Amos is the universal justice of God. The Israelites clearly expected a “day of the Lord” when all their enemies would be judged (1:2–2:5). What they were not prepared for was that the judgment of that day would fall on them as well (2:6–9:10). Far from enjoying favored status, they would be held more accountable than their neighbors.

Key Themes 1. The Lord (Yahweh) is the Creator of the universe; therefore his ethical norms are universal, and all people are subject to judgment in light of them. 2. Justice and righteousness in the treatment of other people are the key evidences of a right relationship to the Lord. 3. Religious ritual in the absence of just and righteous treatment of others is disgusting to God. 4. Israel's covenant with the Lord did not guarantee special protection for them when they broke the covenant. Rather, it meant that they would be held to a higher standard of obedience and would be subject to more scrutiny in judgment. 5. Thus, the “day of the Lord” would not be a time of miraculous deliverance for unrepentant Israel. Rather, it would be a time of terrible destruction. 6. Yet a faithful remnant would be preserved and would someday see a day of glorious restoration and blessing.

Purpose, Occasion, and Background From c. 780–745 b.c. the Assyrian Empire was unable to continue the pressure it had put on the nations of the Canaanite coast during the previous century. At this same time, both Judah and Israel were blessed with fairly stable governments. As a result of these two factors, the two nations were experiencing a time of wealth and prosperity unparalleled since the day of Solomon. This was especially true for the northern kingdom, Israel. Judah tended to be more isolated from the world at large and possessed less arable land than did Israel. Thus, when opportunities for amassing wealth and the trappings of prosperity presented themselves, Israel was in a better position to capitalize on those opportunities. As has tended to be true throughout history, the Israelites took this wealth and prosperity to be unmistakable signs of the blessing of God. Thus, they were reinforced in their belief that “the day of the Lord” would soon dawn in which God would subdue their enemies under their feet and make them the rulers of the world. But in fact, their present wealth and power was not evidence of the blessing of God. As Amos conclusively showed, they were actually under the curse of God because of their egregious breaches of their covenant with him. Much of their wealth had been amassed at the expense of the poor, whom the rich and powerful were systematically oppressing. Their worship of God was little more than attempts at magical manipulation of him, much like the religion of their pagan neighbors. It is no accident that Amos delivered his messages at Bethel, where Jeroboam's namesake (Jeroboam I) had set up a golden calf for Israel to worship in 930 b.c. at the very outset of the northern kingdom. Thus, what the Israelites saw as the beginning of a new “Golden Age” was really the last flush of a


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terminal illness. And it was Amos's unhappy task to disabuse them of their foolish expectations. Not only was Israel not going to become ruler of the world, within just a few years they would not exist as a nation at all, and would continue to exist as a people only by the unmerited grace of God (9:11– 15). “The day of the Lord,” far from being a day of light, was going to be a day of darkness. As it turned out, Amos was profoundly correct. Though no human could have predicted it, God knew that Assyria was not entering its final decline but was only “catching its breath” before its explosion into its final century of greatness. In 745 b.c. Tiglath-pileser III would ascend the throne of Assyria, and hardly more than 20 years later, in 722, the northern kingdom of Israel would cease to exist.

Distinctive Features Structure The first six chapters of Amos are composed of judgment oracles—oral messages from God through Amos to the people of Israel. Among these there seem to be two subgroups. The first is found in 1:2–2:16. These are poetic sayings introduced by “Thus says the Lord” (1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13; 2:1, 4, 6). All of these except the last (2:6–16) are brief and are addressed to Israel's neighbors, from Syria (1:3–5) to Judah (2:4–5). Each of them (with the exception of the one addressed to Judah) deals with cruelty and oppression—basic sins against humanity. Judah is held to a higher standard: rejection of the law of the Lord (2:4–5). One can imagine that Amos's Israelite hearers were very pleased with him up to this point (2:5). He was reinforcing exactly what they believed: God was going to judge these godless neighbors (including the self-righteous Judeans), and there was every reason to believe that he would use Israel for the task of righteous judgment. But the last, and by far the longest, opening oracle is addressed to Israel. That must have come as a shock. Amos details Israel's sins, ranging from oppression to obscenity to ritualistic religion (2:6–8). And these sins are clearly the worse because they are violations of Israel's covenant with the God who graciously delivered them from Egypt and gave them the land of Canaan (2:9–12). As a result, nothing but destruction awaits them (2:13–16). The second group of oracles (3:1–6:14) expands on these accusations and the accompanying announcement of judgment. They are lengthier than those in the first group and are characterized by the opening phrase “Hear this word” (3:1; 4:1; 5:1). From 5:18 to 6:14 there are three “woe” oracles, which may be construed as three parts of one longer address, or as a collection of three related addresses. This second group contains two short poems to God as Creator (4:13; 5:8–9). They are variously understood as fragments of a larger hymn that Amos made use of, or simply as an outburst of lyricism on the part of the prophet. The final section of the book is a group of visions of the impending judgment (7:1–9:15). The first vision (7:1–17) shows that if God's justice is to prevail, judgment cannot be averted. After the vision proper (7:1–9), there comes a historical experience in which the point of the vision is reinforced. If the priest of God, Amaziah, will not hear and repent (7:10–17), what hope can there be? The second vision (8:1–14) speaks of the imminence of the end. The final vision (9:1–15) describes the sacrifice that the Lord is going to make of Israel and yet of his preservation of the “booth of David” (9:11).

History of Salvation Summary God “knew” Israel (3:2) out of “all the families of the earth,” and instituted it to be a place where


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righteousness and justice, in both the private and public spheres, would be on display for all mankind. The northern kingdom of Israel had rejected that calling and abused that privilege, and so God would punish them all the more severely for their unfaithfulness. And yet even this terrible judgment did not eclipse all hope: there would still come an heir of David, in whom alone Israel and Judah, and indeed all the world, would find peace and blessing.

The Near East at the Time of Amos c. 750 b.c. Amos likely prophesied to Israel during the decades just prior to the fall of Samaria to the Assyrian Empire. The resurgence of this ancient empire dominated much of the politics of the ancient Near East from the time of Jeroboam and Azariah until the empire's demise at the end of the sixth century b.c. Assyria would eventually engulf nearly the entire Near East from Ur to Ararat to Egypt.

Israel and Judah at the Time of Amos c. 750 b.c. Amos, a shepherd from the Judean town of Tekoa, prophesied during a resurgence of political power for Israel and Judah. Under Jeroboam II, Israel had captured much of Syria, though it is not certain how firmly they held it. Likewise, Judah captured several Philistine towns as well as other territory to the south. Within a couple decades, however, the rising Assyrian Empire would capture Syria, Galilee, and Gilead from Israel, and both Israel and Judah would become vassals of the empire.

Outline 1. Superscription (1:1) 2. Oracles of Judgment (1:2–6:14) a. Judgments on Israel's neighbors (1:2–2:5) b. Judgments on Israel (2:6–6:14) i. Introductory announcement of judgment on Israel (2:6–16) ii. Detailed announcements of judgment on Israel (3:1–6:14) 1. An oracle of warning (3:1–15) 2. An oracle of doom (4:1–13) 3. An oracle of entreaty (5:1–17) 4. An oracle of woe (5:18–6:14) 3. Visions of Judgment (7:1–9:15) a. A vision of inescapable judgment (7:1–17) i. The vision itself (7:1–9) ii. An experience reinforcing the vision (7:10–17) b. A vision of the terrible end (8:1–14) c. A vision of the Lord standing beside the altar (9:1–15) i. The thresholds shaken (9:1–10) ii. The booth of David restored (9:11–15)


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Chapter 1 1:1 The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.

Amos lived during the time of Jereboam II and Uzziah. And it was two years before a great earthquake. Amos was an inhabitant of Tekoh and he was a herdmen. Tekoh was in Judah and he went to Israel to give his message. So right away people would not listen to him because he was from there. This was a strike against him. “Shall devour the palaces” “for three transgressions and four” – All the nations are being punished for what they know to be right yet do wrong. Judah is punished for transgression of the Law. Israel is being punished for they sold their righteousness 1:2 And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither.

But the voice of the Lord doesn't speak from Samaria or Bethel, He speaks from Jerusalem. At this time God is showing that He still recognizes Jerusalem as the headquarters for His people. It is a rebuke to Israel that God doesn't speak from Samaria. 1:3 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron:

Key text on the close of probation on nations. (Know locations on the map) They were oppressing the people. Gilead was a part of Israel. Damascus is the capital of Syria. His opening remarks show everyone that the surrounding nations have their period of probation too. And they are filling their cup of iniquity as well. And destruction will come to them too. A prophets messages are not just for those who claim to follow God. They have an application for the rest of the world too. 1:4 But I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Benhadad. 1:5 I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity unto Kir, saith the LORD. 1:6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom:

He mentions Gaza. It is a key city of Philistia were the Philistines are. 1:7 But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof: 1:8 And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord GOD.


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All cities of the philistines. He says a fire is going to come to them because of their transgressions. 1:9 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

Tyrus is the principle city of Phonecia. Because of their sins a fire will come upon them. 1:10 But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof.

And Nebuchadnezzar did burn this place with fire. 1:11 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever:

Edom because of their transgressions. And for pursuing his brother. His brother is Judah Edom comes from Esau and Israel from Jacob. 1:12 But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.

Bozrah is the principle city of Edom. Isaiah mentions this place often. It is a symbol of the heathen people in his writings. 1:13 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border: 1:14 But I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in the day of battle, with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind:

Rabbath was the capital city of Ammon. 1:15 And their king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, saith the LORD.


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Chapter 2 2:1 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime:

He hits Moab. Kirioth is the principle city of Moab (Study! All the other nations are being judged, then he hits Judah. How does that connect with judgment beginning in the house of God?) 2:2 But I will send a fire upon Moab, and it shall devour the palaces of Kerioth: and Moab shall die with tumult, with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet: 2:3 And I will cut off the judge from the midst thereof, and will slay all the princes thereof with him, saith the LORD. 2:4 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after the which their fathers have walked:

Now he comes to Judah. He hits it quick, and after he speaks of their sins, he spends time on Israel because they are the primary target of his messages. 2:5 But I will send a fire upon Judah, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem.

This was fulfilled through Nebuchadnezzar and Titus in 70 AD at the destruction of Jerusalem. PO: Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Babylon in 598 B.C. 2:6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they sold the righteous for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes;

He is describing the sins of Israel. A pair of shoes are not that expensive, and if you sell the poor for shoes, you are pinching pennies regardless of how a poor man ends up. This is what is implied. 2:7 That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the same maid, to profane my holy name: 2:8 And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every altar, and they drink the wine of the condemned in the house of their god.

There is sexual immorality and poor treatment of those in poverty. 2:9 Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. 2:10 Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. 2:11 And I raised up of your sons for prophets, and of your young men for Nazarites. Is it not even thus, O ye children of Israel? saith the LORD. 2:12 But ye gave the Nazarites wine to drink; and commanded the prophets, saying, Prophesy not.


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Prophesy not “Nazarites” – no wine and not cutting their hair. 2:13 Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed that is full of sheaves. 2:14 Therefore the flight shall perish from the swift, and the strong shall not strengthen his force, neither shall the mighty deliver himself: 2:15 Neither shall he stand that handleth the bow; and he that is swift of foot shall not deliver himself: neither shall he that rideth the horse deliver himself. 2:16 And he that is courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked in that day, saith the LORD.

Things don't look good for Israel he is pointing out specific sins in Israel.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying,

Against the whole family implies that Judah better listen too. They were all apart of the same family of Israel. 3:2 You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.

You have had more light, your guilt is greater is what he is saying. Israel you are the only nation that I have known, connected, now you will be punished because you have had so much light. 3:3 Can two walk together, except they be agreed?

how can we walk together now? We are not in agreement anymore 3:4 Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? will a young lion cry out of his den, if he have taken nothing?

When a lion roars is just before he pounces. He is saying do you think I am yelling for nothing. Do you think this message is in vain? Do you think God is not capable of doing what He says? Does a lion roar when he has no prey? 3:5 Can a bird fall in a snare upon the earth, where no gin is for him? shall one take up a snare from the earth, and have taken nothing at all? 3:6 Shall a trumpet be blown in the city, and the people not be afraid? shall there be evil in a city, and the LORD hath not done it? 3:7 Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.

Contextually interpretation is: Anytime God is going to bring judgment, I will reveal it to my prophets. KEY TEXT! 3:8 The lion hath roared, who will not fear? the Lord GOD hath spoken, who can but prophesy?

When a lion roars he is sure of his prey. God has spoken it is sure, I have to speak. 3:9 Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say, Assemble yourselves upon the mountains of Samaria, and behold the great tumults in the midst thereof, and the oppressed in the midst thereof.

This needs to be told everywhere. 3:10 For they know not to do right, saith the LORD, who store up violence and robbery in their palaces.

They don’t know right from wrong. 3:11 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; An adversary there shall be even round about the land; and he shall bring down thy strength from thee, and thy palaces shall be spoiled.


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There is an adversary coming. 3:12 Thus saith the LORD; As the shepherd taketh out of the mouth of the lion two legs, or a piece of an ear; so shall the children of Israel be taken out that dwell in Samaria in the corner of a bed, and in Damascus in a couch.

Israel will be destroyed, and will not be found (not Judah). Jews today are from Judah or Benjamin. Only little pieces will be retrieved after the destruction. The destruction will be that thorough. It will be like capturing a lion after he has already almost eaten the animal. 3:13 Hear ye, and testify in the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, the God of hosts, 3:14 That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground.

Verses 12 to 14 Amos is giving this message right next to the idols in Bethel were Jereboam had the golden calfs. (its says later this is where he is) 3:15 And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, saith the LORD.

The rich people are usually the ones who have both a winter house and summer house. Ahab built an house of ivory. He is saying even the kings will not get away.


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Chapter 4 4:1 Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.

“ye kine of Bashan” – He calls them cows of Bashan. Again he is talking about the injustice of the poor and needy. With the term the cows of Bashan he is talking to 'fat and indulged women' who are spoiled rich and say go out and get the money any way you can I must have my high standard of living. 4:2 The Lord GOD hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.

“he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks” – hooks and fish hooks, Assyrians came and took. You will be caught like a fish and you will not be able to get away and it will hurt. “Yet have not returned unto me” – Prepare to me your God 4:3 And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD. 4:4 Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, and your tithes after three years:

He is being sarcastic. Go ahead be devote be religious. 4:5 And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim and publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O ye children of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. 4:6 And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

If you have cleanness of teeth this means you have had nothing to eat. 4:7 And also I have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered. 4:8 So two or three cities wandered unto one city, to drink water; but they were not satisfied: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. 4:9 I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured them: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. 4:10 I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made the stink of your camps to come up unto your nostrils: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

All these things were sent, but they did not turn back to Him. This reminds us of Deut 28. I have been sending you the courses one after one, but this has not woke up.


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4:11 I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. 4:12 Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will do this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel.

This is not good. He is saying you need to get ready, the judgment day is coming, the end is coming. Get ready. 4:13 For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, The God of hosts, is his name.

References are given here to the omnipotence of God. He knows what is your thoughts, He knows everything, He is infinite, you better get ready!! This is a solemn and strong message But keep in mind that PK says that the appeals of Amos and Hosea were tender. Strong language but it was tender. Stay balanced.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Hear ye this word which I take up against you, even a lamentation, O house of Israel. 5:2 The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaken upon her land; there is none to raise her up. 5:3 For thus saith the Lord GOD; The city that went out by a thousand shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth by an hundred shall leave ten, to the house of Israel. 5:4 For thus saith the LORD unto the house of Israel, Seek ye me, and ye shall live:

“Seek ye me” – theme in the book of Amos. Judgement comes on Gods people; it’s to draw us back to Him. We see tender appeals here. What is at Bethel? The golden calf of jeroboam. 5:5 But seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Beersheba: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Bethel shall come to nought. 5:6 Seek the LORD, and ye shall live; lest he break out like fire in the house of Joseph, and devour it, and there be none to quench it in Bethel. 5:7 Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, 5:8 Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is his name: 5:9 That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress. 5:10 They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that speaketh uprightly. 5:11 Forasmuch therefore as your treading is upon the poor, and ye take from him burdens of wheat: ye have built houses of hewn stone, but ye shall not dwell in them; ye have planted pleasant vineyards, but ye shall not drink wine of them.

Burdens means loads, something you carry. (doctrine: What wine represents). Oppression of the poor. 5:12 For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate from their right.

This is the third time he has brought up the poor. We are in a good society where many are doing well with finances. He was in an aggregarian society. But the poor are being downtrodden. It is not even. 5:13 Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it is an evil time. 5:14 Seek good, and not evil, that ye may live: and so the LORD, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as ye have spoken.

We see tenderness again. 5:15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the LORD God of


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hosts will be gracious unto the remnant of Joseph.

“hate evil love good” – There has been unjust things done to the poor and to who is righteous. Here is a remnant concept here. Remnant means a small minority will be saved at last and find favor with God. KEY TEXT Many times people are scared to use the word hate. But Christians don't hate evil enough. Not the people. but we should hate sin. 5:16 Therefore the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord, saith thus; Wailing shall be in all streets; and they shall say in all the highways, Alas! alas! and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as are skilful of lamentation to wailing.

If only a remnant will be saved, it is not good for the majority. Talks of war. 5:17 And in all vineyards shall be wailing: for I will pass through thee, saith the LORD. 5:18 Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD! to what end is it for you? the day of the LORD is darkness, and not light.

He is talking to the majority not to the remnant who will be saved. Because to the remnant the end result is good. But for the majority it is darkness and not light. 5:19 As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him.

Just when you think you will get away, you are caught. There is not escaping the judgment. When you run from the enemy you get bit by a snake, you cannot escape. 5:20 Shall not the day of the LORD be darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it? 5:21 I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies.

Their incense is in vain. I don’t care about you offerings, you don’t even care about the poor 5:22 Though ye offer me burnt offerings and your meat offerings, I will not accept them: neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat beasts.

The hypocrisy who are well off who come to do their sacrifices it is not good for them. It doesn't matter because your heart is not in it. This is what he is appealing to them. 5:23 Take thou away from me the noise of thy songs; for I will not hear the melody of thy viols. 5:24 But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. 5:25 Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? 5:26 But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves.

You cannot play games. How can you appeal to me and turn around and offer it to molech. This is


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his first mention to open idolatry in the whole book. He is much more concerned with their neglect to the needs of one another and not just their idolatry. The Israelites have gone after Assyria. 5:27 Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, saith the LORD, whose name is The God of hosts.

It will not be Syria, it will be someone besides them. Strong warning. He doesn't say who will take them captive.


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Chapter 6 6:1 Woe to them that are at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, which are named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel came!

“woe to them that are in ease” – At ease implying it is a time of prosperity. He is implying that Israel is one of the leading nations in this part of the world. John 4:24 God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.

Worship in spirit and truth. 6:2 Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: be they better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border?

Hamath has been conquered by Jeroboam II. And it was part of Syria in the past. The answer is no. This is a time when Israel's borders are enlarged and they are very careless in their relationship with God. Application: Our church is growing but we are not concerned about having the protection of God. 6:3 Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near; 6:4 That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall;

Talks about their ease. Lying on beds eating lamb. Application: our people are living in ease. And descriptions are given. 6:5 That chant to the sound of the viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David;

Listening to their music. 6:6 That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph.

Drinking wine. 6:7 Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be removed.

They will not hold out, they will be the first to go. 6:8 The Lord GOD hath sworn by himself, saith the LORD the God of hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein.

When the Lord swears by Himself there is no one who could be higher than Himself. (see once in a while) 6:9 And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, that they shall die. 6:10 And a man's uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say unto him that is by the sides of the house, Is there yet any with thee? and he shall say, No. Then shall he say, Hold thy tongue: for we may not make mention of the name of the LORD.


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6:11 For, behold, the LORD commandeth, and he will smite the great house with breaches, and the little house with clefts. 6:12 Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock:

“gaul” – There is no justice in Israel. Their court system is corrupt. Judgment in to gall; Turning fruit into hemlock (poison). 6:13 Ye which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength? 6:14 But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, saith the LORD the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath unto the river of the wilderness.

He still doesn't mention who this host is.


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Chapter 7 Amos has 3 visions: the grasshoppers, the vision of fire, and the vision of Plumb Line – Against a standard. 7:1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king's mowings.

He refers to God forming grasshoppers, but God didn't do it because He was merciful. He pulled back judgment because of a simple excuse they gave. Anytime they gave an excuse He pulled it back. 7:2 And it came to pass, that when they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. 7:3 The LORD repented for this: It shall not be, saith the LORD. 7:4 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part.

God was ready to send fire 7:5 Then said I, O Lord GOD, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. 7:6 The LORD repented for this: This also shall not be, saith the Lord GOD.

And God repented. 7:7 Thus he shewed me: and, behold, the Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand.

“plumbline” – In the ancient world, when they built walls they dropped it from the top of the wall to make sure it was going up straight. It was a way to measure to make sure something was being built right. Now God is going to measure Israel. This means He is going to make sure you are right. 7:8 And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A plumbline. Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more:

I am going to measure you not the city, and this is going to be once and for all. 7:9 And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.

Interesting that he mentions Isaac. Isaac lived in the southernmost part of Judah in Beersheba. So God is saying to Judah that they are not excluded either. Amos is not literally saying that Jereboam personally will be slain. He is saying a sword will be raised up against the house of Jeroboam. But listen to how the high priest corrupts the Word of God. 7:10 Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words.

This is a corrupt priest for their idolatry. Amos is being accused of treason. (*PO example of how our words will get misconscrewed.)Jeroboam II – Golden calf (Amaziah is a priest which came from


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the lowest part of society) 7:11 For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their own land. 7:12 Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there:

Amos is from Judah. Amaziah is saying to Amos go back to your own country and make a living there by prophesying to make money and eat bread. 7:13 But prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it is the king's chapel, and it is the king's court.

The king was endorsing the idolatry, and Amos was told to prophesy not. 7:14 Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit:

He is implying that I was not in the school of prophets. I am really a nobody. I was not being trained to do a special work for God. I was out farming. (*PO Amos never claimed to be a prophet). 7:15 And the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel.

He is saying that God sent him, that the Lord called him. 7:16 Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac. 7:17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall by the sword, and thy land shall be divided by line; and thou shalt die in a polluted land: and Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land.

“harlot” – He does not mean that she will work the city as a prostitute, but she will be used like this by their conquerors. He still doesn't say who it is. Strong language. Amaziah is going to die outside of Israel.


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Chapter 8 – Harvest time – Judgement 8:1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and behold a basket of summer fruit.

A basket of summer fruit is gathered at a harvest. It is harvest time. (*PO study about the harvest in connection with Rev 14). 8:2 And he said, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then said the LORD unto me, The end is come upon my people of Israel; I will not again pass by them any more.

A harvest of summer fruit is symbolic that it is time to harvest God's people. 8:3 And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day, saith the Lord GOD: there shall be many dead bodies in every place; they shall cast them forth with silence. 8:4 Hear this, O ye that swallow up the needy, even to make the poor of the land to fail, 8:5 Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?

Can’t wait till Sabbath has finished so you can do your deceitful free, Ephah was a measuring weight. “balances” – (*PO Application to the black horse in revelation who has the balances. It represents covetousness that existed in God's church and oppression. This would be seen in our days too. Study!) 8:6 That we may buy the poor for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes; yea, and sell the refuse of the wheat?

Amos is pointing out that your covetousness is so great, you are so greedy that you are pinching pennies and planning on the Sabbath and despising the Sabbath so that you can get your merchandise on the street and sell it. You are despising those who don't have much. You are taking advantage of the poor. Important passage: This passage shows the danger of having the spirit of covetousness. It shows that the treatment of the poor and breaking the Sabbath comes from the same source. The spirit of covetousness. You see this through all of the prophets. They rebuke it all of the time because it is a deep rooted sin that leads to the other commandments being broken. (*PO Paul said I did not know the law except it said thou shalt not covet. It is a deep rooted sin.) This is the fifth time he mentions the poor treatment of the unfortunate. DA 637 Least of these my brethren “When the nations are gathered before Him, there will be but two classes, and their eternal destiny will be determined by what they have done or have neglected to do for Him in the person of the poor and the suffering.”

In context it is speaking of when God will come and gather all nations before Him and separate them. We overlook this. We need to help them see this too. Not just doctrine. DA 640 Those whom Christ commends in the judgment may have known little of theology, but they have cherished His principles. Through the influence of the divine Spirit they have been a blessing to those about them. Even among the heathen are those who have cherished the spirit of kindness; before the words of life had fallen upon their ears, they have befriended the missionaries, even


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ministering to them at the peril of their own lives. Among the heathen are those who worship God ignorantly, those to whom the light is never brought by human instrumentality, yet they will not perish. Though ignorant of the written law of God, they have heard His voice speaking to them in nature, and have done the things that the law required. Their works are evidence that the Holy Spirit has touched their hearts, and they are recognized as the children of God. {DA 638.2} As you open your door to Christ's needy and suffering ones, you are welcoming unseen angels. Christ's rule of life, by which every one of us must stand or fall in the judgment, is, "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." Matt. 7:12.

These are people who have never even heard of the name Jesus before but they will not perish. They have never heard of the three angel's messages. DA 640 It is because this work is neglected that so many young disciples never advance beyond the mere alphabet of Christian experience.

We should help people more than in just theology. We need to help them with the common needs. We don’t advance in our Christian experience because we don't do these things. Ex. If someone needs yard work we should help them do that like we like telling them about Babylon. DA 641 Love to man is the earthward manifestation of the love of God. It was to implant this love, to make us children of one family, that the King of glory became one with us. And when His parting words are fulfilled, "Love one another, as I have loved you" (John 15:12); when we love the world as He has loved it, then for us His mission is accomplished. In the great Judgment day, those who have not worked for Christ, who have drifted along thinking of themselves, caring for themselves, will be placed by the Judge of the whole earth with those who did evil. They receive the same condemnation.

There is a connection between showing love in the common ways of life and the judgment. This connects with Amos (Life teachings II Least of these my brethren.). He is saying you are doing well and are prosperous, but how are you treating those who are less fortunate than yourself? 8:7 The LORD hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob, Surely I will never forget any of their works.

God will never forget. How we treat the poor determines how much of a Christian we are (Matt 25:31-46). 8:8 Shall not the land tremble for this, and every one mourn that dwelleth therein? and it shall rise up wholly as a flood; and it shall be cast out and drowned, as by the flood of Egypt.

Right after Amos talks about this, he goes into Judgment. Just like Christ did. (*PO shows testimony of Jesus is SOP. He came in person and repeated His own testimony.) This is language that many use to interpret the day of the Lord or judgment. 8:9 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord GOD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day: 8:10 And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day. 8:11 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the LORD:

There will be no prophesying or teachers of truth.


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8:12 And they shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the LORD, and shall not find it.

It will be too late. 8:13 In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for thirst. 8:14 They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again.


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Chapter 9 The first few verses we see talking about the shaking applies to us. There is nothing we can do. We must go through it. It is unavoidable, and we must put our trust in God to make it through. 9: I saw the Lord standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he that fleeth of them shall not flee away, and he that escapeth of them shall not be delivered.

It doesn't say what idol, but it is probably the one at Bethel. There is no deliverance from judgment. 9:2 Though they dig into hell, thence shall mine hand take them; though they climb up to heaven, thence will I bring them down:

Hell means grave. They are trying to dig into the grave to get away. They are trying to get away by death. (*PO sounds like Rev 6) 9:3 And though they hide themselves in the top of Carmel, I will search and take them out thence; and though they be hid from my sight in the bottom of the sea, thence will I command the serpent, and he shall bite them:

Again we see that no one will escape. The shaking comes at the altar of bethel and it is unavoidable. If you can't get away at the bottom of the sea where can you go? Nowhere, no one can get away. 9:4 And though they go into captivity before their enemies, thence will I command the sword, and it shall slay them: and I will set mine eyes upon them for evil, and not for good. 9:5 And the Lord GOD of hosts is he that toucheth the land, and it shall melt, and all that dwell therein shall mourn: and it shall rise up wholly like a flood; and shall be drowned, as by the flood of Egypt. 9:6 It is he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and hath founded his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is his name. 9:7 Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians unto me, O children of Israel? saith the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? 9:8 Behold, the eyes of the Lord GOD are upon the sinful kingdom, and I will destroy it from off the face of the earth; saving that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, saith the LORD.

Who is the literal sinful kingdom? Israel. It is a visible kingdom. App: this is talking about the sinful Adventist church in its lukewarm state. He is saying He will not destroy everyone in it, some will be faithful until the end. The majority will die, but some will be saved. 9:9 For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth.

“sift the house of Israel…grain” – What does this remind you of? The parable of the wheat and the tares. He is saying even the least of the wheat will not fall. The chapter begins talking about a shaking and this shaking will bring a lot of destruction because of this sinful nation. (*PO sounds like shaking) 9:10 All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say, The evil shall not overtake nor


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prevent us.

God’s people who are in sin shall die by the sword “sinners of my people” – When He says my people here, He is not saying that they will be saved. He is saying that these are my people, but they will be lost and destroyed. (Sermon: Ray De Carlo representation if not salvation.) Even in the destruction of the wicked people among who are God's people God is going to acknowledge them as His representatives, but now they are no more. This shows us that God will see the SDA's as His people until the wicked are destroyed. 9:11 In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old:

Zerubbabel rebuilt the temple in OT times. In Acts 15 James quotes Amos and says this is fulfilled now. What was he talking about? Did the apostles build a literal temple? No “raise up tabernacles” – this implies that it will be destroyed. It hadn't happened yet. It will get swept away, that is why they have to rebuilt it. 9:12 That they may possess the remnant of Edom, and of all the heathen, which are called by my name, saith the LORD that doeth this.

“remnant of Edom” – Our brothers in Christ that are out there, but have not yet heard the truth are out there. They are following up to the light. He is saying there are people in heathenism that are called by my name. He knows them. They are Edomites, they are our brothers in Christ. “called by my name” – FD: Reminds him of Rev 18. They are called, come out of Babylon my people. This is the latter rain. We have the early rain and latter rain seen here. Acts 15 (context leaders of Jerusalem getting a report of what has happened with the conversion of the gentiles. Peter and Paul gave reports and showed how the HS poured out on them.) This shows that the gentiles were suppose to be a part of Israel. They were to learn the truth and join them. Edom is used as a symbol for the gentiles because they were the brothers of Judah. They are saying our brothers who are not a part of us yet. (*PO study with Dan 11) 9:13 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.

There is going to be a great harvest, until the next year when someone comes. 9:14 And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.

There will be a better day when people come in to hear the truth. 9:15 And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land which I have given them, saith the LORD thy God.

This applies to after the world. “no more be pulled up” – When the meek shall inherit the earth. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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James uses these text to show that the gentiles joining the church Acts 15:15 And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

This is talking about when the Great Controversy is over. The prophet he is talking about is Amos. Acts 15:16 After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up: Acts 15:17 That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.

KEY POINT: Instead of 'Edom' he says 'residue of men' (So this shows that Edom represents a residue (*STUDY!! With Daniel 11). He is saying that when the gentiles received the HS and started following Christ that this was the building up of the tabernacle that Amos prophesied. However when you look back at Amos you see the context is the end of time. So it has a greater application to us. It applied to the day of Pentecost with the early church, and again with the outpouring of the Latter Rain. Now go to 2 Kings 15.


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Jonah Introduction God sent Jonah to Nineveh which was the capital of Assyria. Conditional Nature of Prophecy. Attitude toward the heathen. None of us love enough. We sometimes feel like “I want to go and save the world,” and we don’t have time to help one person. We can deceive ourselves in thinking we really care about the people out there, but if you look at what actually we do, do our action show we care? It’s easy to have a feeling of “I wish I could save every body,” but if we are not working to save one individual those feelings are deception in your own heart. You gotta do something. Actions are what really show what’s really in our heart in long-run. PK 276 God allows men a period of probation; but there is a point beyond which divine patience is exhausted, and the judgments of God are sure to follow. The Lord bears long with men, and with cities, mercifully giving warnings to save them from divine wrath; but a time will come when pleadings for mercy will no longer be heard, and the rebellious element that continues to reject the light of truth will be blotted out, in mercy to themselves and to those who would otherwise be influenced by their example.

There’s mercy in destruction. Sometimes we can’t see it, because justice side is so obvious, but there’s mercy in destruction. If you can’t see how it’s merciful to the one destroyed, you have to see the mercy to those ones who will be influenced. PK 276 The conditions prevailing in society, and especially in the great cities of the nations, proclaim in thunder tones that the hour of God's judgment is come and that the end of all things earthly is at hand. We are standing on the threshold of the crisis of the ages. In quick succession the judgments of God will follow one another: fire, and flood, and earthquake, with war and bloodshed. We are not to be surprised at this time by events both great and decisive; for the angel of mercy cannot remain much longer to shelter the impenitent.

God needs more cooperative Jonahs that will preach the truths and help these people before it’s too late. If you don’t go out and do the work in giving message, you are not developing the character of Jesus. You can’t develop the character of Christ just by doing devotion. Even though the devotion is absolutely the most critical thing, but without witnessing, you will become like the dead sea. It gets saltier to the point where nothing can live in it and you become self-righteous Pharisee. That’s the problem of Pharisees had in Jesus’ day. They studied the scriptures, just like the theology students study today. But why the character of Christ being reproduced? Because the devotion should be united with the sharing. I want to introduce one book in the OT which talks about “In prayers with penitent, turning sinners toward the throne of God.” The book of Jonah. Let’s go to Jonah. When we understand the sanctuary message, everything fits together. It’s beautiful. Jonah was sent on a special mission to Ninevah, which was the capital of Assyria. In his story some important things are brought out. The conditional nature of prophecy. It didn’t come to pass not because he was a false prophet, but because they repented. Attitude toward the heathen. He didn't care enough about the people. He said he would rather die than have these people not be destroyed. PK shows that he should have been the first to rejoice because of God's amazing grace. Instead he was complaining. (*PO In the story of Jonah you can enhance the glory of God's grace that is brought


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out in Eph 1 and then it is magnified in Eph 2 because that grace causes sinners and God to become one, this is what happened in the story of Jonah, you must show that from PK 22 there you find the phrase 'glory of his grace')

Author and Title The title of the book is the name of the main character, Jonah. The book is anonymous, and there are no indicators elsewhere in Scripture to identify the author. The foundational source for the book was likely Jonah's own telling of the story after his return from Nineveh.

Date Since Jonah prophesied during the reign of Jeroboam II (782–753 b.c.; see 2 Kings 14:23–28), and since Sirach 49:10 (from the 2nd century b.c.) refers to the “twelve prophets” (namely, the 12 Minor Prophets, of which Jonah is the fifth), the book of Jonah was written sometime between the middle of the eighth and the end of the third centuries. No compelling evidence leads to a more precise date.

Theme The Lord is a God of boundless compassion not just for “us” (Jonah and the Israelites) but also for “them” (the pagan sailors and Ninevites).

Key Themes The primary theme in Jonah is that God's compassion is boundless, not limited just to “us” but also available for “them.” This is clear from the flow of the story and its conclusion: (1) Jonah is the object of God's compassion throughout the book, and the pagan sailors and pagan Ninevites are also the benefactors of this compassion. (2) The story ends with the question, “Should I not pity Nineveh . . . ?” (4:11). Tied to this theological teaching is the anthropological question, Do readers of the story have hearts that are like the heart of God? While Jonah was concerned about a plant that “perished” (4:10), he showed no such concern for the Ninevites. Conversely, the pagan sailors (1:14), their captain (1:6), and the king of Nineveh (3:9) all showed concern that human beings, including Jonah, not “perish.” Several other major themes in the book include: 1. God's sovereign control over events on the earth 2. God's determination to get his message to the nations 3. The need for repentance from sin in general 4. The need for repentance from self-centeredness and hypocrisy in particular 5. The full assurance that God will relent when people repent

Purpose, Occasion, and Background The primary purpose of the book of Jonah is to engage readers in theological reflection on the compassionate character of God, and in self-reflection on the degree to which their own character reflects this compassion, to the end that they become vehicles of this compassion in the world that


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God has made and so deeply cares about. Jonah prophesied during the reign of Jeroboam II (2 Kings 14:23–28), who ruled in Israel (the northern kingdom) from 782 to 753 b.c. Jeroboam was the grandson of Jehoahaz, who ruled in Israel from 814 to 798 b.c. Because of the sins of Jehoahaz, Israel was oppressed by the Arameans (2 Kings 13:3). But because of the Lord's great compassion (2 Kings 13:4, 23), Israel was spared destruction and delivered from this oppression (2 Kings 13:5). This deliverance came through a “savior” (2 Kings 13:5), who may have been Adad-nirari III (810– 783 b.c.), king of Assyria. Jeroboam's father, Jehoash (798–782 b.c.), capitalized on this freedom from Aramean oppression and began to expand Israel's boundaries, recapturing towns taken during the reign of Jehoahaz (2 Kings 13:25). Though Jeroboam “did what was evil in the sight of the Lord” (2 Kings 14:24), he nevertheless expanded Israel even farther than his father did, matching the boundaries in the days of David and Solomon (2 Kings 14:25); this was “according to the word of the Lord, the God of Israel, which he spoke by his servant Jonah the son of Amittai, the prophet, who was from Gathhepher” (2 Kings 14:25). Thus Jonah witnessed firsthand the restorative compassion of God extended to his wayward people. In God's providence, the expansion by Jeroboam was made easier because of Assyrian weakness. The Assyrians were engaged in conflicts with the Arameans and the Urartians. There was also widespread famine, and numerous revolts within the Assyrian Empire (where regional governors ruled with a fair degree of autonomy). Then there was an auspicious eclipse of the sun during the reign of Ashur-dan III (771–754 b.c.). This convergence of events supports the plausibility of the Ninevites being so responsive to Jonah's call to repent.It was not until some years later that Tiglath-pileser (745–727 b.c.) would gain control and reestablish Assyrian dominance in the area, and his son Shalmaneser V (727–722) was the king responsible for the conquest of Israel and the destruction of Samaria in 722. Thus Jonah prophesied in an era when Assyria was not an immediate threat to Israel and when Israel enjoyed peace and prosperity because of the compassion of God.

History of Salvation Summary Jonah's rescue from death provides an analogy for the resurrection of Christ (Matt. 12:39–40). The repentance of the Ninevites anticipates the wide-scale repentance of Gentiles in the messianic era (Matt. 28:18–20; Luke 24:47). (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Distinctive Features The Setting of Jonah c. 760 b.c. Jonah prophesied during the politically prosperous time of Jeroboam II of Israel (2 Kings 14:23–28). During this time the Assyrians were occupied with matters elsewhere in the empire, allowing Jeroboam II to capture much of Syria for Israel. The Lord called Jonah to go to the great Assyrian city of Nineveh to pronounce judgment upon it. Jonah attempted to escape the Lord's calling by sailing from the seaport of Joppa to Tarshish, which was probably in the western http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Mediterranean. Eventually he obeyed the Lord and traveled overland to Nineveh at the heart of the Assyrian Empire.

Seven Episodes in Jonah

Outline

The story of Jonah unfolds in seven episodes (see diagram): 1. A. Jonah's commissioning and flight (1:1–3) 1. B. Jonah and the pagan sailors (1:4–16) 1. C. Jonah's grateful prayer (1:17–2:10) 2. A′. Jonah's recommissioning and compliance (3:1–3a) 1. B′. Jonah and the pagan Ninevites (3:3b–10) 1. C′. Jonah's angry prayer (4:1–4) 3. D. Jonah's lesson about compassion (4:5–11)


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Chapter 1 – Sleeping in the Storm Jonah was sent to Nineveh which was the capitol of Assyria Sermon: 1.) "Ninevah & Christ become one" explain 'glory of God's grace from Jonah' 1:1 Now the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, 1:2 Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and cry against it; for their wickedness is come up before me. 1:3 But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD, and went down to Joppa; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD.

The word of the Lord came to Jonah and asked him to go to Nineveh. Did Jonah rise up and go? Yes. But what was wrong? He rose up and went to Tarshish. Whats wrong with going to Tarshish? Tarshish was the wrong direction. Seemingly a safer option, but not God’s option. MINI APPEAL: Have we been trying to run to Tarshish? Are we asking our children to go to Tarshish for a better life? Son, go to Tarshish to be a lawyer and earn lots of money. Daughter, go to Tarshish and study nursing or medicine and have a good life. Jonah thought he had a good plan to save himself, but God was in control. How can you flee from the presence of the Lord? When you go against the command of the Lord, you flee from the presence of the Lord. Which means disobedient. Jonah was going to opposite direction, he went to Joppa and he found the ship to Tarshish: “Oh, here is the ship! It must be God’s providence. He must be letting me go to this way now. He must have been changed His mind!” Time to time when we are against God’s commandment and we excuse our selves! That is self-hypnosis. Trying to hypnotize yourself to ease your guilty feelings. That’s what you are doing. When the word of God is so plain in the Bible and the SOP, do not self-hypnotize yourself, be honest before God and confess your sins. “He went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid the fare” – When you go against from the presence of the Lord, you must pay the money. In order to degoradate your life, you have to pay the “money.” Don’t you think “I am going away from the truth, I will do what I want to do. I am tired keeping obedient life.” It will cost you. You will spend a lot of “money,” and later on you have to take an “ocean taxi” to come back. Any one who had a conversion experience and went out from the Lord, he pays the penalty. Because God loves you so much, He wants to take you back. But through trials and sufferings. 1:4 But the LORD sent out a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken.

“Jonah had gone down into the lowest parts of the ship, had lain down, and was fast asleep” – This is Laodecian church. When we know that how we should run a health ministry, colporteur ministry, publishing ministry, education ministry, we know that by the Ellen G. White’s writings, and yet we are fleeing from the presence of the Lord. No wonder this church has gone down into the lowest parts of the ship and went fast asleep. 1:5 Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. But Jonah was gone down into the sides of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.


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God sent a storm. Winds = Prov 1:27 – desolation / destruction. Everyone was scared. Every man called unto his god. But Jonah was sleeping. This is the focus. The shipmaster even called him sleeper! What hapens next? The people begin to cast lots to see who is to blame. Even through this, Jonah tries to hide. He doesn’t speak up. But finally, he can’t keep quiet any longer. He owns up. 1:6 So the shipmaster came to him, and said unto him, What meanest thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, if so be that God will think upon us, that we perish not. 1:7 And they said every one to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah.

When we flee from the presence of the Lord, we are not only risking our own life, when you do that, you are going to be the worst infidel in this world! You have the light. And you are rejecting it. And you are trying to be the worst sinner in the world. And you are going to cause your families, your relatives, your friends around you to die with you. 1:8 Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause this evil is upon us; What is thine occupation? and whence comest thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou?

When you are found out, people will asked you who you are? What is your religion? What is your domination? What do you believe? What school do you go to? Do not do any thing that you are going to hesitate to answer. When the people threw him, the raging was stopped. And here comes the sanctuary message: What did Jonah mean when he called himself a Hebrew? Who are the Hebrews today? Fear God (1st angel’s message). God of heaven which hath made the sea and dry land = Sabbath. Seventh-day Adventist. Are you a Hebrew on the run today? A Seventh-day Adventist running away from God, sleeping during the storm, oblivious to the signs. Why? Because we continue with life as usual. 1:9 And he said unto them, I am an Hebrew; and I fear the LORD, the God of heaven, which hath made the sea and the dry land. 1:10 Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him, Why hast thou done this? For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.

One day, the heathens will ask us. (Evangelism, p43) … with agonized voices, said, "You knew!" Why then did you not tell us? We did not know." On every side I heard similar words of reproach spoken. 1:11 Then said they unto him, What shall we do unto thee, that the sea may be calm unto us? for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous. 1:12 And he said unto them, Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you: for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you. 1:13 Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not: for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous against them. 1:14 Wherefore they cried unto the LORD, and said, We beseech thee, O LORD, we beseech thee, let us not perish for this man's life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O LORD, hast done as it pleased thee. 1:15 So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging.


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1:16 Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice unto the LORD, and made vows.

You may think this was heathen sacrifice, but no! They made it to the “LORD” and made vows: that was the peace offering! On the ship, they must had sheep or goat or something, and they must have asked Jonah how to make peace with his God. And this running away prophet Jonah humbly says, “fox, you have to offer a sacrifice.” “What sacrifice?” “Sheep or goat.” “How?” “Well, you have to confess your sins first, and kill and burn them.” And that’s what they did. And God heard the prayer of heathen, and He stopped the tempest in the ocean. God put him on a pot to evangelize people even in this situation. When God sent an ocean taxi, when did it intercept Jonah’s body? When Jonah was thrown to the air and about to touch the ocean? Jonah was thrown to the sea, and he reached the bottom of the ocean. And then God let him stay there for a while, then the taxi came and intercepted. 1:17 Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.

Summary 1. What storm is the world facing today? Rev 7:1-3. Earthquakes, pestilences, wars – thousands are dying. Why did God send the storm? Because God’s people are sleeping. 2. Who is sleeping? You and I. How? Lukewarm church. Not hot or cold. No love. Rev 3:20. Matthew 25 tells us the condition of the sleeping servants at the end of time – Servant who is beating the other servant, Young virgin with no oil, Servant who isn’t using his talents to multiply for God’s glory. Friends, do you realize the times we are living in? Do you realize how little time there is? What have you done for Nineveh lately? Are you crying out the loud cry? How can we continue to come for camp meeting after camp meeting and go back and still nothing happens. Did not the word of the Lord come to you last camp? Has there been any change? Have you preached the gospel to a Nineveh? Friends, we cannot afford to sit and watch anymore. We must give up everything and finish the work. This is a time for sacrifice. We cannot afford to have any long term plans for our lives. We must expect Christ back in this year. Let’s review again. Jonah hears the word of the Lord. Jonah gets on ship to Tarshish. God sends a storm, heathens cry out to their gods, Jonah sleeps. Heathens wake him up – called him a sleeper. Jonah presents himself as Hebrew, and cause of problems. Jonah thrown into the sea and swallowed by whale. Jonah is you and I. We will draw some applications for ourselves. Block out everyone else. Just look at yourself this morning. Ask the Holy Spirit to show you applications for yourself. Jonah ran to Tarshish – why? Safer. Better life. Are we as God’s people trying to run to a better life? Are we encouraging our children to do that? God sent a storm – Rev 7:1-3. God is loosening the 4 winds. What are God’s people doing? Jonah is sleeping. We are also sleeping. We look at all these storms. Thousands and Hundred Thousands dying everyday. And God’s people are sleeping. Heathens are crying out to their gods in desperation. God’s people are sleeping. We may think that crying out in Tarshish is God’s work, but actually God calls us to the worst cities to bring them to repentance and not before. Jonah calls himself a Hebrew. One that fears God and believes in the creator. Does that remind you of anywhere in the Bible? First angel’s message. So who are the Hebrews today? Those


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who know the first angel’s message. Not just any Adventist, but one who knows the 3 angels messages. And what are they doing? Sleeping. The heathens turn to Jonah and ask him why he did this to them. Sister White says in Evangelism, p43 that many will cry out to us saying – "You knew!" Why then did you not tell us? We did not know." Brothers and sisters, we cannot afford to come back year after year to camp meetings and there have been no changes in the cities and churches we are attend. Let us read the signs of the times. We are in the last days. The tip of the toes of Daniel 2. Sister White says that the close of probation will be like any other day. Don’t expect a big event as an indication. If you look for that big event and the current happenings aren’t enough to jolt you out of your seat into action for the Lord, then nothing else is going to come before your probation closes. Please don’t leave here unchanged. Let this camp be a turning point. Let us wake up from our slumber and move with fervor and purpose to go back and bring revival with us. Perhaps God is calling you to go back to your city and bring revival and reformation. Perhaps its to your own church. Maybe it might be in remote mission fields. But we cannot afford to sleep anymore. Nor can we make any plans for Tarshish. Now is the time to sacrifice. Christ is coming back soon. Let us finish the work together. If you feel the conviction of the Holy Spirit upon your heart to wake up and serve in the frontlines in any way shape or form and its your desire to respond, please stand. I want to pray with you. There’s no more time my friends. Now is our time to shout to the dying world – Behold He cometh. If you’re tired of the rat race you are in and you want to find a better way to serve, please, stand and show your commitment to the Lord. GC 491 Probation will have closed, unbeknownst to the people. There won’t be any fan fare, no outward appearance, but it will have closed. The righteous and the wicked will still be living upon the earth in their mortal state--men will be planting and building, eating and drinking, all unconscious that the final, irrevocable decision has been pronounced in the sanctuary above. Before the Flood, after Noah entered the ark, God shut him in and shut the ungodly out; but for seven days the people, knowing not that their doom was fixed, continued their careless, pleasure-loving life and mocked the warnings of impending judgment. "So," says the Saviour, "shall also the coming of the Son of man be." Matthew 24:39. Silently, unnoticed as the midnight thief, will come the decisive hour which marks the fixing of every man's destiny, the final withdrawal of mercy's offer to guilty men.

Watch ye therefore: . . . lest coming suddenly He find you sleeping." Mark 13:35, 36. Perilous is the condition of those who, growing weary of their watch, turn to the attractions of the world. While the man of business is absorbed in the pursuit of gain, while the pleasure lover is seeking indulgence, while the daughter of fashion is arranging her adornments--it may be in that hour the Judge of all the earth will pronounce the sentence: "Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting." Daniel 5:27.


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Chapter 2 – Belly of the Fish Recap Jonah 1 Jonah disobeyed the Word of the Lord, goes other way, sleeps in the boat. Because God’s people have been sleeping for so long, God has to send storms to wake us up. When Jonah Finally wakes up and yields he asks the mariners to throw him into the sea. Why did God lead him to do this? So that God could prepare him, this lead us to Jonah 2. Before Jonah can preach judgment message to Nineveh he had to go through Jonah 2 experience. Before God’s people today can completely response to God’s call, the too much go through the Jonah 2 experience Jonah’s experience wasn’t just his experience but someone elses experience as well. Matt 12:40 For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

With this in mind lets look at Jonah’s experience. 2:1 Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly, 2:2 And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the LORD, and he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my voice.

The prayer of Jonah Fish’s belly = belly of hell = grave = darkness, void, etc. “I cried by reason of mine affliction” = Jesus “crying” at the Garden of Gethsemane 2:3 For thou hadst cast me into the deep, in the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves passed over me.

“Midst of the seas” – heart of the earth. Application: Seas = people, when Jesus was captured by the Roman soldiers and high priests “Floods” – Ungodly men (2 Sam. 22:5), persecution (Rev. 12:13,15) “Waves” – rage (Psalms 89:9; Jude 1:13) Final scurging from Pilate. Jesus was surrounded by raging, angry men but he didn’t retaliate Appilication—Learn not to retaliate. DA 689 His suffering was even greater than before. As the agony of soul came upon Him, "His sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground." The cypress and palm trees were the silent witnesses of His anguish. From their leafy branches dropped heavy dew upon His stricken form, as if nature wept over its Author wrestling alone with the powers of darkness. A short time before, Jesus had stood like a mighty cedar, withstanding the storm of opposition that spent its fury upon Him. Stubborn wills, and hearts filled with malice and subtlety, had striven in vain to confuse and overpower Him. He stood forth in divine majesty as the Son of God. Now He was like a reed beaten and bent by the angry storm. He had approached the consummation of His work a conqueror, having at each step gained the victory over the powers of darkness.


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2:4 Then I said, I am cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again toward thy holy temple.

“Yet I will look again toward Your holy temple” – This is sanctuary message right here! He was going away from God. And he is coming back now. The only way is through the sanctuary service. DA 686 He felt that by sin He was being separated from His Father. The gulf was so broad, so black, so deep, that His spirit shuddered before it. This agony He must not exert His divine power to escape. As man He must suffer the consequences of man's sin. As man He must endure the wrath of God against transgression… As Christ felt His unity with the Father broken up, He feared that in His human nature He would be unable to endure the coming conflict with the powers of darkness.” {DA 686.3} DA 693 The angel came not to take the cup from Christ's hand, but to strengthen Him to drink it, with the assurance of the Father's love. He came to give power to the divine-human suppliant. He pointed Him to the open heavens, telling Him of the souls that would be saved as the result of His sufferings. He assured Him that His Father is greater and more powerful than Satan, that His death would result in the utter discomfiture of Satan, and that the kingdom of this world would be given to the saints of the Most High.

Jesus is encouraged and His attention is brought to the open heavens, to the temple. 2:5 The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. DA 693 But God suffered with His Son. Angels beheld the Saviour's agony. They saw their Lord enclosed by legions of satanic forces, His nature weighed down with a shuddering, mysterious dread. There was silence in heaven. No harp was touched. Could mortals have viewed the amazement of the angelic host as in silent grief they watched the Father separating His beams of light, love, and glory from His beloved Son, they would better understand how offensive in His sight is sin.

“Water compassed me about” – Pilate and soldiers surrounding Christ “Weeds were wrapped” – clothe that barely covered Him 2:6 I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from corruption, O LORD my God.

This is describing Christ’s death “Bars” – bars of pit (H7585 Sheol—pit = grave) Job 17:16 They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when our rest together is in the dust.

“Brought up my life from corruption” – Christ being resurrected, mortal body to receiving immortality. His experience ended here 2:7 When my soul fainted within me I remembered the LORD: and my prayer came in unto thee, into thine holy temple.

Did he go down to the bottom? Yes, he went down for sure! The moorings of the mountains means the valleys of the mountains. There are mountains under the sea as you know. So he went to the root of it.


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This is Christ’s attitude through His whole trial “His soul faint” – Jesus carried the cross DA 741-742 But when after the second scourging the cross was laid upon Him, human nature could bear no more. He fell fainting beneath the burden. The crowd that followed the Saviour saw His weak and staggering steps, but they manifested no compassion. They taunted and reviled Him because He could not carry the heavy cross. Again the burden was laid upon Him, and again He fell fainting to the ground. His persecutors saw that it was impossible for Him to carry His burden farther. They were puzzled to find anyone who would bear the humiliating load. The Jews themselves could not do this, because the defilement would prevent them from keeping the Passover. None even of the mob that followed Him would stoop to bear the cross.

“my prayer came un unto thee” – Father forgive them for they know not what they are doing Luke 23:34 Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots. 2:8 They that observe lying vanities forsake their own mercy. 2:9 But I will sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanksgiving; I will pay that that I have vowed. Salvation is of the LORD.

He was saying, “God save me, I am coming back.” He remembered the sacrifice in the courtyard! “will pay that I have vowed” –C hrist’s vow that He would die for humanity This was Christ’s experience that carried Him through the heart of the earth experience. 2:10 And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land.

As soon as he turned himself toward the throne of God and prayed toward the temple asking for the intercessory prayer, God spoke to the fish. Did he go to the Nineveh anyway? Yes, he did. But he had detour, sufferings, and guiltrap. Fox, don’t do that. Let’s go to God directly. Q: Isn’t Jonah repented in the belly of the fish? A: He was saying this in the belly, but he was referring to the experience before he got into the belly. Sometimes the below and waves symbolize the sinful life and wickedness in the world. When we are surrounded with the dark waters and we are sinking down, the only way to escape and come out of it is through the sanctuary service, looking toward the high priest, Jesus Christ. That is the only way. That’s why the sanctuary is crying: Jesus, Jesus, Jesus. He is able to send us an ocean taxi any time we cry out, and enable us to resist temptations and overcome sins. What is the final perfection of character for God’s people through the Jonah 2 experience. We need to look at Christ once again. Isa 53:7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

He opened not his mouth. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Lessons we can learn: Patience and endurance during afflictions—What does it mean to have the patience of the saints? It means not to retalitate to false accusations Matt 27:11 And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou sayest.

Identify Himself Matt 27:12-14 [12] And when he was accused of the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing. [13] Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they witness against thee? [14] And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly.

False accusation, no responseApplication-Many times when we are asked to identify ourselves we are to scared to answer, especially to let everyone know we are Adventists. Example: at work. But in church we are ever ready to fight one another and defend ourselves over false accusations. True forgiveness for you enemies—Forgive them for they know not what they do Luke 23:34 Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.

What is true forgiveness? Sacrifice, why weren’t they destroyed immediately? Because he was died at that moment for them. Faith My God my God, why has though forsaken me. Obeying God’s people need to have this experience why? Rev. 14:12—Here are the patience of the saints Have you developed the patience of Christ? Are you humble enough? Are you able to forgive those that hate you are enemies? What does it mean to keep the commandments of God? It’s not about not stealing, keep the Sabbath, not lying, but its about willing to die in obedience for God. What is the faith of Jesus? When you can’t hear the voice of God you don’t give up on Him but continue to the very end. Make no mistake friends, the Jonah 2 experience, which was the experience of Christ’s crucifixion, is coming upon all of us. The question is will you be ready?


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Chapter 3 – God’s Response: Forgiveness & Further Probation Full Cup principle. God sends people to minister to the Gentiles Review Jonah 1 – Jonah is the sleeper in the storm. God sends it to wake him up. Review Jonah 2 – Jonah cries out in affliction – atonement experience for him. Develops Christ-like character. Same experience that Christ, disciples and remnant go through before preaching judgment message.

Jonah’s Message (1-4) 3:1 And the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time, saying, 3:2 Arise, go unto Nineveh, that great city, and preach unto it the preaching that I bid thee. 3:3 So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city of three days' journey.

Jonah is revived. Same instructions given to Him again. Jonah goes to Nineveh, capital of Assyria at that time. Bear in mind, Assyria was an enemy of God’s people. It was also a big city (3 days journey) 3:4 And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.

“yet fourty days” pointed to? Gen 7:4 For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have made will I destroy from off the face of the earth.

Destruction of the world by flood Exo 34:28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.

(Moses in Mt Sinai receiving 10 commandments, didn’t eat or drink) Num 14:34 After the number of the days in which ye searched the land, even forty days, each day for a year, shall ye bear your iniquities, even forty years, and ye shall know my breach of promise.

Spies searched promised land, probation time for elders of Israel – afterwards they made wrong decision and punishment was to wander 40 yrs in wilderness and die. 1 Kings 19:8 And he that burneth her shall wash his clothes in water, and bathe his flesh in water, and shall be unclean until the even.

Elijah was in Mt Horeb preparing to meet God. Mark 1:13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him.


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Jesus was tempted and overcoming the devil. At least Jonah could have pointed Ninevites to first 4 points. “overthrown” points to? Gen 19:25 And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground. Lam 4:6 For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her. Amos 4:11-12 [11] I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. [12] Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will do this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel.

(Overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah for their wickedness) “overthrown” pointed Ninevites to Sodom and Gomorrah, calling them to prepare to meet their God (Amos 4:12). So “40 days” and “overthrown” = acts of Judgment + preparation to meet God. IF they didn’t repent, they would meet the same consequences as Sodom, Gomorrah, the world in Noah’s day. IF they wanted to avoid that, they would need to prepare to meet God and receive His commandments. How? The next passage explains.

Nineveh’s Response: Five Steps (5-9) 3:5 So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them.

1. They “believed” in the Word of the prophet. (verse 5) Repentance begins with believing God. As we believe Him and His Word, we have the power to transform our lives as He wills. You can do many other things associated with repentance, but if they do not begin with believing on and trusting God, they are all useless works of the flesh. You can’t believe God apart from the Word of God. Therefore, any real revival or repentance will begin with faithful preaching and faithful hearing of God’s Word, just as it was in Nineveh. 2. They “proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth” (verse 5) Repentance means doing something. The people of Nineveh fasted, mourned as if for the dead, and they did it from the highest to the lowest (from the greatest to the least of them). If repentance is anything, it is not business as usual. When repentance comes, something has to change and something has to be different. In their case, the people of Nineveh took off their normal clothes and put on sackcloth - a thick coarse cloth, normally made from goat’s hair. Wearing it displayed the rejection of earthly comforts and pleasures. They also rejected their tastes and appetites. Repentance means forgoing earthly pleasures to show that you are serious in turning to God. 3:6 For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes.


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3:7 And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing: let them not feed, nor drink water: 3:8 But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands.

3. “But let man and beast . . . cry mightily to God” (verse 8) Repentance means crying mightily to God. It means coming to God with passion and serious MOURNING about your sin and your need for His mercy and forgiveness. 4. “let every one turn from his evil way and from the violence that is in his hands” (verse 8) Repentance means turning from your evil way and from the violence that is in your hands. Repentance means to change your mind and turn from your previous sinful actions. In the Christian life, repentance does not describe what you must do to turn to God; it describes the very process of turning to God. When we truly turn to Him, we turn away from the things that displease Him. We must die to our old life, old man. 3:9 Who can tell if God will turn and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger, that we perish not?

5. “Who can tell if God will turn and relent, and turn away from His fierce anger” (verse 9) Repentance has hope in the mercy and love of God. Daily we are to ask this question, hoping that God will relent and that our repentance will be acceptable. Daily we are to approach the throne of grace pleading in hope for mercy. Don’t be so self confident that we neglect to ask for mercy. 3:10 And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not.

Conditional Prophecy – KEY TEXT Summary

God saw their works . . . and God relented: God honored their repentance, even though their past sin was just reason enough for an outpouring of judgment. What does God look for as a true sign of repentance? Works. So according to this story, what is the purpose of a judgment message? Is God’s end goal the punishment? What is God’s ultimate purpose? Mercy and forgiveness. Was God trying to make JONAH a false prophet? NO. How do I know? Well Jonah should have known the scripture – Jer 18:7-8 [7] At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; [8] If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them.

Jonah’s preaching was like all warnings of judgment: it was an invitation to repent and avert the promised judgment. His words had an implied “if you do not repent” in front of them. If the story ended here, it would be a much happier ending. Jonah obeyed, people repented and god and Jonah rejoiced with them. But, Jonah 4 shows us Jonah’s response. There is a very important lesson for god’s people to learn here. Let us continue…


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Chapter 4 - Jonah’s Response 4:1 But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry.

Displeased, exceedingly, very angry. Not at all pleased. We find that Jonah is angry throughout the whole of Jonah 4. Everything is just making him angrier and angrier. 4:2 And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil.

He was mad at God because God was loving and merciful. Par: In suttle ways we can be affected by this attitude. None of us love enough. We feel like we want to save the world, but can't help one person. If we look at what we do, do our actions show we care here. If we don't have this those feelings are a deception. Our actions show what really is in our hearts in a long run. PK 276 God allows men a period of probation; but there is a point beyond which divine patience is exhausted, and the judgments of God are sure to follow. The Lord bears long with men, and with cities, mercifully giving warnings to save them from divine wrath; but a time will come when pleadings for mercy will no longer be heard, and the rebellious element that continues to reject the light of truth will be blotted out, in mercy to themselves and to those who would otherwise be influenced by their example.

We have the full cup principle here. There is mercy in destruction. Sometimes we can't see it because the judgment is so obvious. Then she says floods, etc. are agencies that God uses to arouse men and women to a sense of danger. PK 277-278 The conditions prevailing in society, and especially in the great cities of the nations, proclaim in thunder tones that the hour of God's judgment is come and that the end of all things earthly is at hand. We are standing on the threshold of the crisis of the ages. In quick succession the judgments of God will follow one another--fire, and flood, and earthquake, with war and bloodshed. We are not to be surprised at this time by events both great and decisive; for the angel of mercy cannot remain much longer to shelter the impenitent.

Jonah’s response: I knew you would forgive them. You just made a fool out of me. I knew this would happen. Why did you have to do this Lord? (Class question: Giving people the warning message: If you don't do this you will not develop the character of Christ. Even if you are just having devotions. If you have them and don't go out and work for souls you will become like the Dead Sea. And you become self-righteous. The pharisee's and theologians study but how come the character of Christ is not produced? Because something must be added.) 4:3 Therefore now, O LORD, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.

Conclusion: So depressed Jonah just wants to die. 2 reasons why Jonah depressed. 1. Assyrians were his enemies. He wanted them destroyed. 2. Jonah had just preached a message and things didn’t go the way he wanted. It went the way


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God wanted. God and Jonah were not on the same page. NOTE: sometimes, when we do evangelism or outreach, things will not go the way we want it. Why? Because God knows there are a whole lot of Ninevites that need saving. Our job is to obey and praise God for the miracles. NOT pout or road block because God chose to save people that we hadn’t expected to be saved. His self righteous reputation was at stake. 4:4 Then said the LORD, Doest thou well to be angry? 4:5 So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city.

3 errors of an angry servant: 1. Jonah quit 2. Jonah separated himself from others – he left the city and waited to see if their repentance was insufficient. He still hoped that God would destroy it. 3. Jonah became a whining spectator

God’s object lesson (6-8) 

God prepares a gourd (verse 6)

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God prepares a worm. (verse 7)

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God prepares a vehement east wind. (verse 8)

This opens up the way for God to teach Jonah an important lesson. Jonah was so upset about losing a plant, and yet was willing that 120,000 souls should perish. God was trying to teach Jonah a deeper lesson on repentance. 4:6 And the LORD God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd. 4:7 But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered.

Spiritual Application For Us: 1. Who does the gourd represent? Isa 53:2, 4 – Christ’s earthly life. 2. Who does the worm represent? Psa 22:6 – Christ death. 3. Who does the east wind represent? John 3:8 – Holy Spirit. Christ’s life, His death on the cross and the gift of the Holy Spirit to all who believe on Christ are to bring us all to a sense of surrender – “it is better for me to die than to live” – Php 1:21 – “For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain”. That in dying, we may live. And if Christ and the Holy Spirit is in our hearts, how can we not love our enemies? 4:8 And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live. 4:9 And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry,


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even unto death. 4:10 Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night: 4:11 And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?

Summary Jonah 4 teaches the end time people that we have yet to develop a love for our enemies. We may be preaching the end time message, yet perhaps, the work is not finished because we have not learned to truly love our enemies. We choose to separate ourselves from the enemy, segregating ourselves. We wait to see if they will fall again. Sooner or later we become spectators hoping for others to fall or fail. But God wants us to come up higher. We need to embrace one another. Do you want to have complete repentance before God? Then let us ask the question of ourself – who are the Ninevites in my life? Are they at my work place? Are they my family or extended family? Are they across the pews? Brothers and sisters, Christ cannot come until His people reflect His character. God’s people will love their enemies. What is Christ’s example? Luke 19:41 – Jesus wept for Jerusalem. Many times I go to churches where we don’t even eat together. Don’t spend time together. We don’t know how to be united because we don’t really want to be a family. A family that stays together eats, plays, works together. You see… 1. IN Jonah 2 – when Jonah repented, how did he show his works of repentance? Obeyed and preached judgment message. Was that enough? Well it was enough to save others, but was it enough to save Jonah? NO. 2. IN Jonah 4 – what was God teaching Jonah about repentance? The ultimate works of repentance is not just to preach the word, but to love your enemies enough to rejoice in their forgiveness and God’s mercy to them. This was the deeper lesson of repentance that Jonah needed to learn. Apostolic church: Storm experience (ran away in Gethsemane), Belly of the fish (Christ’s death), Preached judgment / repent (Pentecost), Dealt with Jews vs Gentiles (Romans). Adventist church: Storm experience (persecution leading up to 1844), Belly of the fish (Rev 10), Preached 2300 days and 3 angels message, Dealt with White vs Black. Now turn to Amos 1 through 9.


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Isaiah Introduction Author and Title The opening words of the book explain that this is “the vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz” (1:1). Unlike Jeremiah, who discloses aspects of his inner personal life (e.g., Jer. 20:7–12), Isaiah says little about himself. Isaiah 6 records his call to prophesy, openly revealing his innermost thoughts on that occasion. Chapters 7–8; 20; and 37–39 offer glimpses into his public ministry. The parallel accounts in 2 Kings 19–20 add a little. The NT bears witness to his prophetic foresight (John 12:37–41) and boldness (Rom. 10:20). Beyond this, the Bible's sole interest is in Isaiah's message, which is summed up in the meaning of his name: “Yahweh is salvation.” Isaiah's father was Amoz (Isa. 1:1), but the Bible says nothing more of him. Jewish tradition claims that Amoz was a brother of Amaziah, king of Judah, putting Isaiah into the royal family. It is clear that Isaiah was a married man and a father (7:3; 8:3, 18). He appears to have been a resident of Jerusalem (7:3). Hebrews 11:37 (“they were sawn in two”; see note there) may allude to the tradition of Isaiah's death under persecution by Manasseh, king of Judah (687–642 b.c.; cf. Lives of the Prophets 1.1; Martyrdom of Isaiah 5.1–14).Isaiah's record of the reign of King Uzziah (2 Chron. 26:22) is not to be identified with the biblical book of Isaiah. The title presents the book as “the vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz” (Isa. 1:1). Israel's prophets were indeed seers (2 Kings 6:15–17; 17:13; Isa. 29:10; 30:10). Isaiah himself “saw the Lord” (6:1), but his visionary insights were made shareable by being put into a written message: “The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw” (2:1). Isaiah's book is a vision in that it reveals, through symbols and reasoned thought, a God-centered way of seeing and living. It offers everyone the true alternative to the false appearances of this world.

Date Isaiah prophesied “in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah” (1:1). His call to ministry came “in the year that King Uzziah died” (6:1), around 740 b.c., and he lived long enough to record the death of Sennacherib (37:38), datable to 681. A few of the oracles can be dated, as the notes will show: e.g., chapter 7 comes from about 735 b.c.; chapters 36–38 come from the time of the Assyrian invasion, 701. Most of the material, however, can be dated only in very general terms because the book offers no such information. Reasons for dividing the book suffer from severe shortcomings, and it is better to take the heading (1:1) as indicating that the entire book comes from Isaiah, the son of Amoz. 1. There is unified testimony from the ancient world for single authorship. (1) The NT refers to passages throughout the book as the work of Isaiah (see Matt. 3:3; 4:14–16; 8:17; 12:17–21; 13:14– 15; 15:7–9; Mark 7:6–7; Luke 3:4–6; 4:17–19; John 1:23; 12:37–41; Acts 8:27–35; 28:25–27; Rom. 9:27–29; 10:16, 20–21; 15:12). The NT acknowledges no other author or authors. The testimony of Jesus in John 12:41 is especially instructive: “Isaiah said these things because he saw his glory and spoke of him.” “These things,” which is plural, refers to the two previous quotations in John 12:38 (using Isa. 53:1, from the so-called “Second Isaiah”) and John 12:40 (using Isa. 6:10, from so-called “First Isaiah”), but Jesus refers to the one person, Isaiah, who both “saw his glory” and “spoke of


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him.” (2) The intertestamental book of Sirach (48:24–25) and the first-century Jewish historian Josephus (Jewish Antiquities 11.5–6) attest Isaiah's authorship of the whole book. (3) A Hebrew manuscript of Isaiah in the Dead Sea Scrolls bears witness to the seamless unity of the book as the work of Isaiah. (4) It is hard to imagine how prophets could have issued such oracles as those of Isaiah 40–66, which were of such importance in the history of Judah, and yet fade into obscurity. (5) Later OT authors seem to cite prophecies from chapters 40–66, which they could not have done if the book were broken up as described (e.g., see note on 60:7, used in Ezra 7:27). 2. There are many distinctive features of Isaiah's style that run through all three parts. For example, Isaiah's characteristic title for the Lord is “the Holy One of Israel,” which appears 25 times in the whole book (12 times in Isaiah 1–39; 11 times in chs. 40–55; and twice in chs. 56–66). It appears only six times outside of Isaiah: twice in Jeremiah, three times in the Psalms, and in 2 Kings 19:22 (cf. Isa. 37:33). The phrase “high and lifted up” is a feature of Isaiah, appearing in 2:12–14; 6:1; 52:13; 57:15 (i.e., in each of the three sections; see note on 6:1). The notes will show other aspects of coherent thought and expression in Isaiah. Any differences of style can be explained by the different topics of the chapters and by different stages in Isaiah's life (e.g., Isaiah may have written chapters 40–66 after the Assyrian invasion of 701 b.c.). 3. The predictive material in chapters 40–66 is highly relevant both to the exilic audience and to Isaiah's own day. Certainly it demonstrates the Lord's rule over history; these chapters appeal to it for that purpose (e.g., 41:21–29), and Josephus (Jewish Antiquities 11.5–7) records a story of the impression the specific prediction of Cyrus (Isa. 44:28) made on the Persian monarch when he learned of it (a prediction made about 150 years in advance). The biblical worldview, which begins with the majestic Creator, can readily accept this. Further, chapters 40–66 often mention pagan religion, but specifically Babylonian material is rare (46:1); most address Canaanite idolatry, which Judah mixed in with their worship of Yahweh (e.g., 57:5; 66:3, 17; cf. 40:19; 41:7, 29; 42:17; 45:16– 20; 46:6; 48:5; and the extended satire on idolatry, 44:9–20)—and this was no longer a problem in Judah after the fall of Jerusalem. However, the primary significance of this predictive material resides in a wider context. The whole book portrays God's plan for Judah as a story that is headed somewhere, namely, toward the coming of the final heir of David who will bring light to the Gentiles. Israel was created for this very purpose, and it will require that God's people be purified of those members whose lives destroy that mission (see note on 1:24–28). This prospect of a glorious future enlists all believing readers to dedicate themselves to living faithfully and to embrace the dignity of playing a part in its development (cf. 2:5). At the heart of Isaiah's message is God's purpose of grace for sinners. If that ultimate miracle is accepted—and one cannot be a Christian without accepting it—then a lesser miracle is no barrier. Indeed, the prophet making predictions of future events is not a problem; it is, as Isaiah intended it to be, encouraging evidence of God's sovereign salvation intercepting a sinful world.

Theme The central theme of the book is God himself, who does all things for his own sake (48:11). Isaiah defines everything else by its relation to God, whether it is rightly adjusted to him as the gloriously central figure in all of reality (45:22–25). God is the Holy One of Israel (1:4), the One who is high and lifted up but who also dwells down among the “contrite and lowly” (57:15), the Sovereign over the whole world (13:1–27:13) whose wrath is fierce (9:12, 17, 21; 10:4) but whose cleansing touch atones for sin (6:7), whose salvation flows in endless supply (12:3), whose gospel is “good news of


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happiness” (52:7), who is moving history toward the blessing of his people (43:3–7) and the exclusive worship due him (2:2–4). He is the only Savior (43:10–13), and the whole world will know it (49:26). To rest in the promises of this God is his people's only strength (30:15); to delight themselves in his word is their refreshing feast (55:1–2); to serve his cause is their worthy devotion (ch. 62); but to rebel against him is endless death (66:24). A microcosm of the book's message appears in 1:2–2:5. The Lord announces his basic charge against the people: they have received so much privilege from God and ought to be grateful children, but “they have despised the Holy One of Israel” (1:2–4). He describes the purpose of the various judgments they face, namely, to bring them to repentance, or at least to preserve a remnant who will repent (1:5–9). Judah is very diligent to observe the divinely appointed sacrifices, but the people's hearts are far from God, as their unwillingness to protect their own weakest members exhibits (1:10–20). The Lord called his people to be the embodiment of faithfulness in this world, and yet they are now filled with rampant unfaithfulness at every level (personal, religious, and social); but God intends to purge Zion of its sinful members and set her up as a beacon of light for the whole world. In view of this glorious future, Isaiah's contemporaries should commit themselves afresh to walking “in the light of the Lord” (1:21–2:5).

Key Themes With God himself as the center of Isaiah's vision, multiple supportive themes are entailed: 1. God is offended by religious ritual, however impressive, if it conceals an empty heart and a careless life (1:10–17; 58:1–12; 66:1–4). 2. God's true people will become a multinational community of worship and peace forever (2:2–4; 19:19–25; 25:6–9; 56:3–8; 66:18–23), and the predominant culture of a new world (14:1–2; 41:8– 16; 43:3–7; 45:14–17; 49:19–26; 60:1–22). 3. God opposes all manifestations of human pride (2:10–17; 10:33–34; 13:11; 16:6; 23:9; 28:1–4). 4. The foolish idols that man creates are destined for destruction (2:20–21; 19:1; 31:6–7; 44:9–20; 46:1–7). 5. Though God's judgment will reduce his people to a remnant, his final purpose is the joyful triumph of his grace (1:9; 6:1–12:6; 35:1–10; 40:1–2; 49:13–16; 51:3; 54:7–8; 55:12–13). 6. God is able to judge people by rendering them deaf and blind to his saving word (6:9–10; 28:11– 13; 29:9–14; 42:18–25). 7. The only hope of the world is bound up in one man—the promised Davidic king (4:2; 7:14; 9:2–7; 11:1–10), the servant of the Lord (42:1–9; 49:1–13; 50:4–9; 52:13–53:12), the anointed preacher of the gospel (61:1–3), and the lone victor over all evil (63:1–6). 8. God is actively using creation and history, and even the wrongs of man, for his own glory (10:5– 19; 13:1–27:13; 36:1–39:8; 40:12–26; 44:24–45:13). 9. With a great and holy God ruling all things, man's duty is a repentant trust in him alone (7:9;


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10:20; 12:2; 26:3–4; 28:12, 16; 30:15–18; 31:1; 32:17–18; 36:1–37:38; 40:31; 42:17; 50:10; 55:1–7; 57:13, 15; 66:2). 10. God's people, feeling abandoned by God (40:27; 49:14; 51:12–13), foolishly put their trust in worldly powers (7:1–8:22; 28:14–22; 30:1–17; 31:1–3; 39:1–8). 11. God will uphold his own cause with a world-transforming display of his glory (4:2–6; 11:10; 35:1–2; 40:3–5; 52:10; 59:19; 60:1–3; 66:18). 12. God uses predictive prophecy to prove that his hand is guiding human history (41:1–4, 21–29; 44:6–8; 44:24–45:13; 46:8–11; 48:3–11). 13. God's past faithfulness and the certainty of his final victory motivate his people toward prayer and practical obedience now (56:1–2; 62:1–64:12). 14. The wrath of God is to be feared above all else (5:25; 9:12, 17, 19, 21; 10:4–6; 13:9, 13; 30:27; 34:2; 59:18; 63:1–6; 66:15–16, 24).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background Isaiah announces God's surprising plan of grace and glory for his rebellious people and, indeed, for the world. God had promised Abraham that through his descendants the world would be blessed (Gen. 12:1–3). God had promised David that his throne would lead the world into salvation (2 Sam. 7:12–16; Ps. 89:19–37). But by Isaiah's time, the descendants of Abraham and many members of the dynasty of David no longer trusted the promises of God, aligning themselves instead with the promises—and the fears—of this false world. Judah's unbelief in God during the pivotal events of Isaiah's lifetime redirected their future away from blessing and toward judgment. At this historic turning point, Judah moved from independence under God's power to subservience under pagan powers. What, then, of God's ancient promises? Is the gracious purpose of God defeated by Judah's sin? Isaiah answers that question. After the prefatory chapters 1–5, his answer unfolds in chapters 6–27, and the rest of the book develops the serious but hopeful message of these chapters. Isaiah's answer is that, although God must purify his people through judgment, he has an overruling purpose of grace, beginning with Isaiah himself (ch. 6), spreading to Judah (7:1–9:7) and Israel (9:8–11:16), and resulting in endless joy (12:1–6). Even the nations of the world are taken into account (13:1–27:13). The purpose of Isaiah, then, is to declare the good news that God will glorify himself through the renewed and increased glory of his people, which will attract the nations. The book of Isaiah is a vision of hope for sinners through the coming Messiah, promising for the “ransomed” people of God a new world where sin and sorrow will be forever forgotten (35:10; 51:11). Isaiah's book envisions three historical settings (see chart): (1) chapters 1–39 are set against the background of Isaiah's own times in the late eighth century b.c.; (2) chapters 40–55 assume the Jewish exiles in Babylon in the sixth century as their audience; and (3) chapters 56–66 take the returned exiles and subsequent generations of God's people as their backdrop. It would be a mistake, however, to suppose that the chapters have relevance only to their assumed audiences: the long-range prophecies of chapters 40–66, as already indicated, challenge all the people of Judah in Isaiah's time to accept their role in a story that is headed to a glorious future and to live faithfully in that light (cf. 2:5, on the heels of 2:1–4). Further, the entire book, as canonical Scripture, addresses http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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all the people of God until Christ returns.

Distinctive Features Simplified Overview of Isaiah Sermons: 1.) "The King of the North" 2.) "The Vineyard of Red Wine" (Is 27) showing that even though the Jews rejected Christ, God still had a vineyard. This can be shown with Life & Teachings of Jesus I too. Points: Isaiah 14 shows how the king of the north represents Papal Rome. In Daniel 2 Isaiah 14 shows the real reason why Babylon had to be overthrown. Israel is destroyed during this time, and Judah is alone. Judah is looking to God now and now there is a moment of peace. Chapters 13-23 The Judgments on the Nations. Chapters 13 and 14 deal with Babylon. At this time Babylon was under the control of Assyria. And now human being could know that Babylon would become a world power. And Isaiah writes a prophecy about the fall of Babylon when it hasn't even risen yet. (*PO connects with Daniel 2 and this also validates God's word) (*PO Also note that when talking about Babylon it says from the north showing its location in relation to Palestine or Judah [Jerusalem] Study!) I. Isaiah called to rebuke Apostasy 1-6 a. Chapter 1 – Appeal to return to God i. Points out their sins. Sacrifices are meaningless without heart repentance. City is a harlot. He appeals to them b. Chapter 2 – Ingathering of Gentiles described. i. Judgment 'day of the Lord' c. Chapter 3 – Description of the daughters of Zion i. Failure of God's people d. Chapter 4 – Shaking and triumph of the remnant. e. Chapter 5 – Vineyard i. Prophecy of the rejection of Israel. (Parable of Jesus Matthew 26 or 21) f. Chapter 6 – Isaiah's temple vision i. Call officially brought out. II. Invasions of Judah and the hope in the Messiah Chapters 7-12 a. Chapters 8-10 – Predicted Assyrian invasion. Assyria falls in chapter 10 b. Chapters 11-12* - Coming Messiah and the eternal kingdom. i. 11 covers the most of it ii. 12 conclusion

Date and Setting

Isaiah 1–39 The eighth century b.c. (700s); the Assyrian threat


Isaiah 40–55 Prophecies about the sixth century b.c. (500s); the Babylonian exile

Isaiah 56–66 Prophecies about all times and occasions until the end 637

Audience

God's rebellious people God's defeated people All who hold fast to God's craving worldly security under worldly domination covenant Actions God purifies a remnant of God consoles his God prepares all of his his apostate people discouraged people in true people for his through judgment exile promised salvation Message “In returning and rest you “the glory of the Lord “Keep justice, and do shall be saved; . . . But you shall be revealed” (40:5) righteousness” (56:1) were unwilling” (30:15) First, in his own times, Isaiah prophesied “in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah” (1:1). Called by God “in the year that King Uzziah died” (6:1), his long ministry began in 740 b.c. The external threat of Isaiah's day was the militant Assyrian Empire rising to power in the east. The question forced upon Judah by this threat was one of trust: in what will God's people trust for salvation—in human strategies of self-rescue, or in prophetic promises of divine grace? This question of what and whom to trust intensified on two occasions. The first occurred c. 735 b.c., during the reign of King Ahaz. Under pressure from Assyria, the northern kingdom of Israel formed a pact of mutual defense with Syria, and together these two kingdoms aimed to force Judah into alignment with them (ch. 7). But God could be trusted to stand by his commitment to defend the Davidic throne. Accordingly, Isaiah assured Ahaz of God's saving purpose. But Ahaz refused God, preferring the power of Assyria, and negotiated for pagan protection (2 Kings 16:5–9). Thus Ahaz surrendered the sovereignty of the Davidic throne to a nation hostile to the kingdom of God, and achieved nothing in return. The coalition arrayed against Judah failed—Syria fell in 732 b.c. and Israel in 722, as God had said they would (Isa. 7:16; 8:4). The second crisis occurred in 701 b.c., during the reign of Hezekiah. This time Assyria was the threat. As before, the temptation was to negotiate an alliance of defense with human powers, in this case with Egypt (30:1–7; 31:1–3; 36:6). Judah chose the false refuge of human promises rather than to rest on the Lord's “sure foundation” (28:14–22). Assyria then set out to punish Judah for its pact with Egypt. Hezekiah tried to buy peace from the Assyrians (2 Kings 18:13–16), but they turned on him (Isa. 33:1). Under extreme pressure, Hezekiah finally put his trust in the Lord and found him to be powerfully faithful (chs. 36–37). The eventual downfall of Judah was foreseen in Hezekiah's unguarded openness to Babylonian influence (ch. 39). Isaiah discerned in Hezekiah's enthusiasm for Babylon a future of captivity there for God's people. Second, Isaiah was enabled by God to address the Jewish captives far away in Babylon in the sixth century b.c. He announces a promise that God is coming with a world-changing display of his glory (40:5). To prepare for his coming, the exiles must return to the Promised Land (48:20). They must not be demoralized by the impressive but empty culture of idolatry in which they live (41:21–24), nor should they resent God's use of a pagan conqueror, Cyrus the Great, as their liberator from Babylon (44:24–28). They must look by faith for a greater liberator still to come, the messianic “servant of the Lord” (see note on 42:1–9). He will bring justice to the nations (42:1–4) and save his people from their ultimate captivity, the guilt of sin (52:13–53:12). Since the faith of God's people had already proven weak, God pledges that he alone will accomplish this, for his own glory (48:9– 11). Third, Isaiah addressed the returned exiles and subsequent generations of God's people with messages of challenge and hope, to keep their faith and obedience steady until God fulfills all his


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promises. Isaiah makes clear the spiritual and universal nature of God's true people (56:3–8; 66:18–23). He sees the final triumph of One who is “mighty to save” (63:1). His prophetic eye looks beyond the fraudulence of this world, all the way forward to the eternal finality of God's renewed people in a renewed cosmos (65:17; 66:22). “Therefore let us be grateful for receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken” (Heb. 12:28).

The Near East at the Time of Isaiah c. 740 b.c.The prophecies of Isaiah are set against the backdrop of a rising Assyrian Empire. This resurgent ancient nation posed a great threat to Israel and Judah, and it would eventually engulf nearly the entire Near East from Ur to Ararat to Egypt.

History of Salvation Summary Isaiah shares with the rest of the OT a high view of the mission of Israel. God called Abraham and his family to be the vehicle by which he would bring to the whole world the blessing of knowing the true God (Gen. 12:1–3). The great tragedy of Israel was their repeated faithlessness, which hid the light from the Gentiles. God will not be thwarted, however, and in order to bless the Gentiles he will purify his people (Isa. 1:24–28) and from them raise up the heir of David. Though Isaiah denounces hypocrisy, greed, and idolatry as offenses against God, he also foresees the Savior of offenders, the Lord Jesus Christ, who is God-with-us (7:14), the child destined to rule forever (9:6–7), the hope of the Davidic throne (11:1), the glory of the Lord (40:5), the suffering servant of the Lord (42:1–9; 49:1–6; 50:4–9; 52:13–53:12), the anointed preacher of the gospel (61:1–3), the bloodied victor over all evil (63:1–6), and more. Isaiah is mentioned by name in the NT over 20 times and is quoted there extensively, for the message he preached is the very gospel of Jesus and the apostles. Isaiah's message makes an impact on every reader in one of two ways. Either this book will harden the reader's pride against God (6:9–10; 28:13; 29:11–12) or it will become to the contrite reader a feast of refreshment in God (55:1–3; 57:15; 66:2). Through Isaiah's vision the eyes of faith see their iniquity laid on Another (53:6), they see a new Jerusalem of eternal gladness (65:17–18), they see all humanity giving God the worship that is his due forever (66:22–23), and that prophetic vision keeps their hope alive. As with the rest of the OT, these things were written “that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope” (Rom. 15:4). (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Outline 1. Introduction: “Ah, Sinful Nation!” (1:1–5:30) 1. Judah's sins confronted (1:1–31) 2. Judah's hope, guilt, hope (2:1–4:6) 1. Hope (2:1–5) 2. Guilt (2:6–4:1) 3. Hope (4:2–6) 3. Judah's sins condemned (5:1–30) 2. God Redefines the Future of His People: “Your Guilt Is Taken Away” (6:1–12:6) 1. Grace—through judgment—for Isaiah (6:1–13) 2. Grace—through judgment—for Judah (7:1–9:7) 3. Grace—through judgment—for Israel (9:8–11:16)


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4. The enjoyment of God's grace (12:1–6) 3. God's Judgment and Grace for the World: “We Have a Strong City” (13:1–27:13) 1. First series of oracles: the here and now (13:1–20:6) 1. Babylon (13:1–14:27) 2. Philistia (14:28–32) 3. Moab (15:1–16:14) 4. The Syria-Israel alliance (17:1–18:7) 5. Egypt (19:1–20:6) 2. Second series of oracles: the deeper truth (21:1–23:18) 1. Babylon (21:1–10) 2. Edom (21:11–12) 3. Arabia (21:13–17) 4. Jerusalem (22:1–25) 5. Tyre (23:1–18) 3. Third series of oracles: the final end (24:1–27:13) 1. The wasted city (24:1–20) 2. The Lord will punish (24:21–23) 3. He will swallow up death forever (25:1–12) 4. He will ordain peace (26:1–21) 5. The whole world will be fruitful (27:1–13) 4. God's Sovereign Word Spoken into the World: “Ah!” (28:1–35:10) 1. Six laments, with assurances (28:1–33:24) 1. The proud crown of Ephraim (28:1–29) 2. The city where David encamped (29:1–14) 3. Those who turn things upside down (29:15–24) 4. Stubborn children with their own plans (30:1–33) 5. Those who go down to Egypt for help (31:1–32:20) 6. The destroyer who has not been destroyed (33:1–24) 2. Two final outcomes: judgment or salvation (34:1–35:10) 5. Historical Transition: “In Whom Do You Now Trust?” (36:1–39:8) 1. Practical trust in God vindicated (36:1–37:38) 2. Human inconstancy sent into exile (38:1–39:8) 6. Comfort for God's Exiles: “The Glory of the Lord Shall Be Revealed” (40:1–55:13) 1. The God of glory: his coming, exclusivity, power (40:1–31) 2. The one true God moving history for his people (41:1–20) 3. False hopes, the Lord's servant, a new song (41:21–42:17) 4. God reclaims his people for his glory (42:18–43:21) 5. God revives his people for his glory (43:22–44:23) 6. God predicts his use of Cyrus (44:24–45:25) 7. The gods and pride of Babylon doomed (46:1–47:15) 8. God will free his people from Babylon for his own sake (48:1–22) 9. The Lord's servant displayed, his people assured (49:1–50:3) 10. The Lord's servant taught, his people attentive (50:4–51:8) 11. Encouragements to a responsive faith (51:9–52:12) 12. The Lord's servant: the exalted sin-bearer (52:13–53:12) 13. Compassion for God's people, offered to all (54:1–55:13) 7. How to Prepare for the Coming Glory: “Hold Fast My Covenant” (56:1–66:24) 1. The true people of God redefined (56:1–8) 2. The false people of God exposed (56:9–57:13) 3. The true people of God invited (57:14–21) http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

The path to blessing: ritual vs. responsibility (58:1–59:13) Present failure, eternal covenant, future glory (59:14–60:22) The anointed Preacher renewing the world (61:1–62:12) The coming Victor; his past faithfulness (63:1–14) Praying for the power of God (63:15–64:12) The eagerness of God for his people's eternal joy (65:1–25) True worship now and forever (66:1–24)


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Chapter 1 5T 749 Says he was called in his youth. He was less than 20 when he wrote this book. 1:1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. 1:2 Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

Animals are more obedient. 1:3 The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. 1:4 Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward.

He refers to Judah as a sinful nation. 1:5 Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. 1:6 From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. 1:7 Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers. 1:8 And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city. 1:9 Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

He is saying because we have a faithful remnant we are not like Sodom and Gomorrah. Because of a small remnant he would have been destroyed. 1:10 Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.

God is calling them Sodom. 1:11 To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.

Sacrifice is not enough for me. What is your purpose of the sacrifices? 1:12 When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts? 1:13 Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the


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calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.

Key text on the feast days. (Doctrine: New moons/Sabbaths Col 2 explanation.) Even your gatherings are sinful, because your hearts are hypocritical. 1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. 1:15 And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

You have guilt you must clear things up. You just can't come worship. (*PO this shows that when you are guilty before God, He does not accept your worship.) 1:16 Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

You must put away the evil. 1:17 Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.

Seek just judgment. Sounds like Amos 1:18 Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool. 1:19 If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: 1:20 But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

He is saying that there are conditions. If you obey it will go well, if you don't it won't. He got this from Moses. 1:21 How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

God's visible militant church of that day was called an harlot. Key text “faithful city become an harlot” – Rev 17, Babylon; Babylon is a harlot but not all harlots are Babylon; Judgement is automatically looked at as negative, but its positive. This chapter is very similar to the book of Amos. 1:22 Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water: 1:23 Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

He talks about greedy politicians.


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1:24 Therefore saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies: 1:25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:

“purge away” – This applies to the same sifting and shaking that Amos talked about. Isaiah says you are a harlot but God will take away the dross and tin. “tin” – This was a reference to what was made out of tin in temple in the courtyard of the sanctuary. The altar of burnt offering was made of both brass and tin. (study!) This implies that there will be a close of probation on you. If you take away the tin, it means you have no more altar of burnt offering, no more sacrifices by which you can find justification. When the shaking or sifting comes then V.26 becomes a reality. 1:26 And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.

Key text on who and what constitutes the church They become a faithful city after God purges the dross. In V.21 he calls the city a harlot, but after there has been a purging he calls it the city of righteousness. (*PO city of righteousness, faithful city. Connects with marriage of the lamb and making up of the inhabitants of new Jerusalem.) Important point because Babylon is called a harlot. But Babylon is more than a harlot. Not all harlots are Babylon, but Babylon is always a harlot. (*PO true that is why the Bible says the mother of Harlots) Babylon is unfaithful, but it is also the devil's system. Any city or group that is in apostasy can be in apostasy and called a harlot, but that doesn't make them the devil's system like Babylon. Not all harlots are Babylon, because a harlot can change, but the devil's system will never change. (*PO this defends the point that the SDA church can never be Babylon!) Verse 21 and Verse 26 shows it. THESE ARE KEY TEXTS! 1:27 Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. 1:28 And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the LORD shall be consumed. 1:29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen. 1:30 For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water. 1:31 And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.


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Chapter 2 Babylon is a harlot. Not all harlots are Babylon. A harlot simply means unfaithful in apostasy. If a prophet calls Israel a harlot or if the SDA church is called a harlot we should not assume they are calling it Babylon. Babylon is more than a harlot it is the devils system. This is seen in Chapter 1:21, 26 Babylon will always be Babylon. An ordinary harlot can change. The devils system will never cease to be the devils system. But someone who is deceived by the devils system and is in apostasy because of his system can still change. But those who refuse to come out of Babylon will eventually be lost with it. 2:1 The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. 2:2 And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD'S house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it.

In the literal context it is speaking of all nations flowing to Jerusalem. If they would have remained faithful everyone who joined Israel would have joined Jerusalem. But now all nations will flow to spiritual Jerusalem. This is speaking about what will happen under the Latter rain. The prophecy have to be fulfilled. But the literal Israel failed. So it have to be fulfilled, but through the spiritual Israel. This is concept of the true spiritual Israel. It will be fulfilled at the latter rain. All nations – God plan for His People Gen 10:3 And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. 2:3 And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.

When Isaiah prophesied this and Israel wasn't faithful and got cut off. It wasn't fulfilled with literal Israel. But it will still be fulfilled at the outpouring of the latter rain. 2:4 And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

We have judgment and then there is no more wicked. It can only be filled during the last days. Weapons of warfare and turning them to gardening 2:5 O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the LORD. 2:6 Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers. 2:7 Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots: 2:8 Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:


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2:9 And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not. 2:10 Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty. 2:11 The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day.

“that day” day of judgment. 2:12 For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be brought low: 2:13 And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan, 2:14 And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, 2:15 And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall, 2:16 And upon all the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures. 2:17 And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. 2:18 And the idols he shall utterly abolish. 2:19 And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth.

They will go into caves. This hasn't been fulfilled yet. (a lot in Isaiah is still future) 2:20 In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats; 2:21 To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. 2:22 Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?

Isaiah starts out stern. They didn't have all the light that we have to understand this in its true import. They saw it in an immediate sense. They did get it when it was fulfilled with the destruction that came from Syria. They got their judgment, but it didn't fulfill everything. But it goes before a literal nation. It goes to the end of the great controversy. “cease ye from man” – lean not on the arm of flesh (Job 7:23). Many of the prophecy of Isaiah hasn’t come yet. Isa 2:11, 19-22 [11] The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. [19] And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. [20]In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats; [21] To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. [22] Cease ye from man, whose


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breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?

Summary Babylon is a harlot, but not all harlots are Babylon. A harlot simply means unfaithful in apostasy. If a prophet calls Israel a harlot or if the SDA church is called a harlot we should not assume they are calling it Babylon. Babylon is more than a harlot it is the devils system. This is seen in Chapter 1:21, 26. Babylon will always be Babylon. An ordinary harlot can change. The devils system will never cease to be the devils system. But someone who is deceived by the devils system and is in apostasy because of his system can still change. But those who refuse to come out of Babylon will eventually be lost with it.


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Chapter 3 Sermon: 1.) "Shearjashub" (study to see if anything is there) 3:1 For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water, 3:2 The mighty man, and the man of war, the judge, and the prophet, and the prudent, and the ancient, 3:3 The captain of fifty, and the honourable man, and the counsellor, and the cunning artificer, and the eloquent orator. 3:4 And I will give children to be their princes, and babes shall rule over them. 3:5 And the people shall be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbour: the child shall behave himself proudly against the ancient, and the base against the honourable. 3:6 When a man shall take hold of his brother of the house of his father, saying, Thou hast clothing, be thou our ruler, and let this ruin be under thy hand: 3:7 In that day shall he swear, saying, I will not be an healer; for in my house is neither bread nor clothing: make me not a ruler of the people. 3:8 For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory.

Provoke the lord 3:9 The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have rewarded evil unto themselves. 3:10 Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings.

What you reap is what you sow. 3:11 Woe unto the wicked! it shall be ill with him: for the reward of his hands shall be given him.

Those who lead cause them to err. 3:12 As for my people, children are their oppressors, and women rule over them. O my people, they which lead thee cause thee to err, and destroy the way of thy paths. 3:13 The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.

Key text on investigative judgment. 3:14 The LORD will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people, and the princes thereof: for ye have eaten up the vineyard; the spoil of the poor is in your houses.

The context here is judgment. 3:15 What mean ye that ye beat my people to pieces, and grind the faces of the poor? saith the Lord GOD of hosts.


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3:16 Moreover the LORD saith, Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet:

This verse shows a specific problem that Isaiah goes into. There is a problem with the daughters in Israel. Verses 16 to 23 do away with the outward and restore what should be on the inside; obsession with self, worldliness. The emphasis is here on the adornment of self. 3:17 Therefore the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of the daughters of Zion, and the LORD will discover their secret parts.

The emphasis is not on exposing physical nakedness. Nakedness is being used to symbolize the exposing of a naked soul. Then we have a lot of description to the ornamentations that were worn. 3:18 In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon, 3:19 The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, 3:20 The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets, and the earrings, 3:21 The rings, and nose jewels, 3:22 The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins, 3:23 The glasses, and the fine linen, and the hoods, and the vails. 3:24 And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instead of beauty.

“sweet smell” is referring to perfume. Remember the context is judgment. 3:25 Thy men shall fall by the sword, and thy mighty in the war.

So what is happening to all of these women's husbands? They are loosing their husbands. Because they have been obsessed with their physical appearance and outward forms, now they are without husbands. (*PO could this be a reason why men are dying before their wives? This is a warning to wives (Study!) What about during the time of the patriarchs? Who usually died first?) There is no chapter break go right into chapter 4. 3:26 And her gates shall lament and mourn; and she being desolate shall sit upon the ground.


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Chapter 4 – The Shaking 7 women marry one man – 7 churches want to be called Christian but want to do things their own way. 4:1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, to take away our reproach.

These women have lost their husbands, and there are a lot more women than men, so now they are bargaining to get husbands. (The reproach could be a reference to be having no child) (BSM: We know in Bible prophecy a woman represents a church. How do we know it is appropriate to take this passage and saw the daughters of Zion represent worldly churches? We must continue to read to see if this is appropriate.) We can apply this to the Christians. Christians can do that with God. We wanna do our own thing, supply our own needs, but we want the name “Christian.” I wanna be called Christian, but I wanna live by my own standards. 4:2 In that day shall the branch of the LORD be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for them that are escaped of Israel.

Key text: shaking and the church triumph in verses 2 and 4. Isaiah doesn't tell us what the branch is. But we do see right away that there is a big change. We see that these worldly women are changed to something beautiful and glorious. In chapter 3 we have the context of judgment and destruction. Now it says those who escape of Israel will be beautiful and glorious. The picture of a purified church, those that are survivals, the real Christians that are left in Zion. 4:3 And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem:

“called holy” – This is quite a change from the obsession with ornamentation in chapter 3. 4:4 When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof by the spirit of judgment, and by the spirit of burning.

“washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion” “Purge the blood” – purge the sin; Sanctuary, purge, judge, burn These are the women He was talking about in chapter 3 & 4. These chapters are connected. There is a purging and washing away of the filth of these worldly women. (BSM: These words show a deeper connotation than just individual women in a worldly state in Israel. There are no SOP references or Bible references that validates that a spiritual application can be made here without any hesitation. We see it in the immediate context. The literal women of


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Israel loosing their husbands because of the enemies attacking, then it goes into a spiritual meaning. So we can proceed like this.) (BSM: If these women represent worldliness that is in the church then in chapter 4:1 we would say can Christians do this with God? We want to do what we want to, supply our own needs, eat like we want, I will live by my own standards, but let me be called a Christian. But in 4:2 we have a picture of a purified church, those who are the survivors after the others were shaken out. They are the real Christians that were left in Zion. V.4 if the daughters of Zion represent the worldly churches here there is going to be a shaking and a purging, so that those who are left in Zion will form the beautiful glorious branch. The church triumphant in its purity in the end. The shaking caused the change. This passage shows that the shaking is critical to accomplishing God's purposes and plans. We must be careful to not find a solution ahead of the shaking. Let the shaking do its work.) The shaking has occurred and there is a purging. Conclusion: there will be shaking and purging in worldly churches, and only those that are left in Zion will form beautiful, glorious branch. So the purging, the shaking is critical in fulfilling God’s purpose. 4:5 And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence.

“upon” can also mean over all “defense” or covering. We see here that after the purging the Lord will take care of his people by giving them fire by night like He lead the children of Israel and a covering of glory over them. This is talking about protection during the time of trouble. Ex 13:21 And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night:

Guide them; leadership of God 4:6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and from rain.

It is like the exodus, but it is protection from a great time of trouble. This passage doesn't eliminate literal Israel from having been central to this prophecy being fulfilled. But it is not confined to this either. Even if they had been faithful all along, there would still have been a spiritual Israel and a literal Israel. Israel would have been enlarged. This passage doesn't determine that literal Israel would be a part of it. It is written as it is because He wanted them to have this opportunity. So literal terms were used Zion and Jerusalem. But after Israel rejected God and were cut off, these names take a spiritual meaning. This passage doesn’t eliminate literal Israel from having been central to fulfillment of that prophecy. But it’s not held to them. If they had been faithful, it still will would be fulfilled with the spiritual Israel, but the literal Israel could have been included. It was God’s intension to have Israel that opportunity, so it uses literal term like: zion, Jerusalem. But after Israel rejected, they were cut off, and the term zion, Jerusalem no longer applies to the literal Israel, but now only with the spiritual Israel.


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Chapter 5 – Israel the Vineyard Isa 5:1-7 Key texts: Israel’s covenant being conditional. Chapter Outline 

Parable; it brought forth grapes but wild grapes, form of Godliness (1-4)



Judgment, conditionality (5-7)

5:1 Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill:

We see that in V.7 he calls the vineyard the house of Israel. So He is talking about Israel here. It makes sure that literal Israel are not guaranteed to be a part of that. Israel’s covenant was conditional. When Jesus told the story about the vineyard and the wicked servants, this was the background to that parable. 5:2 And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes.

PK says that this tower was the temple. And this fencing, planting, gathering out of the stones, etc. this was Israel's calling and training. He was molding them and shaping them to do a work. This shows the literal history of Israel. They didn't bring out the right fruit. 5:3 And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

He did everything except force. 5:4 What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes? 5:5 And now go to; I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down:

(BSM: This verse is important because it gives additionally understanding in chapter 4. In that chapter it didn't have to include literal Israel even though it used literal terms: Zion and Jerusalem. The purging and glorious branch. This chapter shows that literal Israel had no guarantee to be a part of that. Israel could have been laid to waste. Israel's covenant was conditional. When Jesus told this parable about the vineyard and the wicked husbandman. This was the background. He was bringing to their minds. You remember that this vineyard could be removed and destroyed. And He told them that this time was before them.) 5:6 And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it. 5:7 For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

Review: The first 7 verses in this chapter are a key passage on Israel's covenant being conditional.


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KEY CHAPTERS 4 & 5: Chapter 4 – Shaking and church triumphant Chapter 5 – Vineyard and the conditional nature of the covenant. 5:8 Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth! 5:9 In mine ears said the LORD of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant. 5:10 Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah. 5:11 Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them! 5:12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands. 5:13 Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. 5:14 Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it. 5:15 And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: 5:16 But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness.

God shall me sanctified in judgment; Glorified by his saints. KEY TEXT: It goes along with teaching the investigative judgment. (not alone) It gives a rich additional point to the purpose of the investigative judgment. This verse brings out that the judgment does something to vindicate God. (*PO this goes with Ps 148:14; 149:9 showing that judgment exalts God, but it is done through His people.) This is one of the most clearest text in all of the Bible that shows one reason for the judgment. One purpose is to vindicate His character. We see it in SOP. But this is from the Bible. Isa 5:16 itself doesn’t give much about the investigative judgment, but it gives rich additional point to what the purpose of the investigative judgment is. Purpose of God’s judgment is to vindicate His character. 5:17 Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat. 5:18 Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:

She says that this verse refers to human organizations confederating together to get more power. They are uniting together to try to be stronger to accomplish their purposes. 7aBC Men may seek to strengthen their forces by confederating together, making, as they suppose,


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strong societies to carry out the plans they have formed. They may lift up their souls in pride and self-sufficiency; but the One mighty in counsel does not plan with them. Their unbelief in His purposes and work, and their confidence in man, will not permit them to receive the messages He sends (RH Dec. 22, 1896). 5:19 That say, Let him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it! 5:20 Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

We see a lot of this in society. 5:21 Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

“wise in their own eyes” – They will make a joke out of Christ in you the Hope of Glory. Pastors do this from the pulpits. Many people mock this. She prophesied that this day would come. 4 BC 1138 …they prefer their own reasoning to divine revelation, their own plans and human wisdom to the admonitions and commands of God. The piety and conscientiousness of others are called fanaticism, and those who practise truth and holiness are watched and criticized. They deride those who teach and believe the mystery of godliness, "Christ in you, the hope of glory. RH Dec. 22, 1896 The class here represented, in order to exalt their own opinions, employ a reasoning which is not authorized by the Word of God. They walk in the sparks of their own kindling. By their specious reasoning, they confuse the distinction that God desires to have drawn between good and evil. The sacred is brought down on a level with common things. Avarice and selfishness are called by false names; they are called prudence. Their rising up in independence and rebellion, their revenge and stubbornness, in their eyes are proofs of dignity, evidences of a noble mind. They act as though ignorance of divine things were not dangerous and even fatal to the soul; and they prefer their own reasoning to divine revelation, their own plans and human wisdom to the admonitions and commands of God. The piety and conscientiousness of others are called fanaticism, and those who practise truth and holiness are watched and criticized. They deride those who teach and believe the mystery of godliness, "Christ in you, the hope of glory." The principles underlying these things are not discerned by them; and they go on in wrong-doing, leaving the bars open for Satan to find ready access to the soul 5:22 Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: 5:23 Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!

Justifying the wicked Heb 5:9 And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him; 5:24 Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

“because they have cast away the law of the LROD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel” – His had is stretched out still, despite the way in which they have treated him. We usually talk about the law being done away at the cross. But it has come into the church as new theology. This is the reason: because people believe that the “law is done away with the cross.” Different form of that belief has come into our SDA and we call that “New Theology. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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5:25 Therefore is the anger of the LORD kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

“for all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still” – Israel is despising God's law. And in spite of this Isaiah is saying God is angry and He must bring judgment, but His hand is stretched out still. Even people despise the word of God, His hand is stretched still. But there will come a time that it’s too late. Par: We must remember that when people are despising God's law, His hand is stretched out still. The time will come when this will end, but we don’t know when. 5:26 And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly: 5:27 None shall be weary nor stumble among them; none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken: 5:28 Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses' hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind: 5:29 Their roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like young lions: yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall carry it away safe, and none shall deliver it. 5:30 And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof.


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Chapter 6 - Call of Isaiah/True Conversion of Isaiah This is a critical chapter. This shows that after Isaiah has been called as a prophet, His call goes to another level. We can call it the conversion of Isaiah. There is evidence that he was converted, but it wasn't as complete as it could have been. We see this here. 6:1 In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple.

“In the year that king Uzziah died” - Uzziah died in 739 B.C. “I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne” – In the Bible commentary it says that He saw Christ. 4BC 1139 Christ Himself was the Lord of the temple. When He should leave it, its glory would depart--that glory once visible in the holy of holies over the mercy seat, where the high priest entered only once a year, on the great day of atonement, with the blood of the slain victim (typical of the blood of the Son of God shed for the sins of the world), and sprinkled it upon the altar. This was the Shekinah, the visible pavilion of Jehovah. It was this glory that was revealed to Isaiah, when he says, "In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple" [Isa. 6:1-8 quoted] (MS 71, 1897). {4BC 1139.6}"

This is Christ as the Son of God before He came as Jesus. Isa 6:1 the Lord sitting upon a throne - BC that was Christ. 6:2 Above it stood the seraphims: each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with twain he did fly. 6:3 And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory. 6:4 And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. 6:5 Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts.

In the first 5 chapters. Isaiah told it like it was. He laid out their sins. He told them judgment was coming. He told them their was hope, but he gave the straight testimony. But was he himself ready to be with God? This chapter tells us that He was not. Isaiah was unclean, and so were the people. 4 BC 1138 As the prophet Isaiah beheld the glory of the Lord, he was amazed, and, overwhelmed with a sense of his own weakness and unworthiness, he cried, "Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of Hosts. 4 BC 1139 Isaiah had denounced the sin of others; but now he sees himself exposed to the same condemnation he had pronounced upon them. He had been satisfied with a cold, lifeless ceremony in his worship of God. He had not known this until the vision was given him of the Lord. How little now appeared his wisdom and talents as he looked upon the sacredness and majesty of the sanctuary. How unworthy he was! how unfitted for sacred service! His view of himself might be expressed in the language of the apostle Paul, "O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?

He was satisfied with a cold lifeless ceremony. He had a partial conversion experience up to this http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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time. Isaiah gave straight testimony to the Israel in first 5 chapters, but Isaiah found out that he himself was not ready to see God. There wasn’t any magic in touching his lips. What really happened was that he was so overwhelmed that he was repentant, his heart was broken because he saw himself as really he was. And God could change him. And putting the coal on his lip represented the change, it wasn’t magic. It came from the death of himself, opening heart to God. RH Dec. 22, 1896 When the cleansing coal is applied from the glowing altar, the conscience will be purged from dead works to serve the living God; and when the love of Jesus is the theme of contemplation, the words coming from human lips will be full of praise and thanksgiving to God and to the Lamb. How many words are spoken in lightness and foolishness, in jesting and joking! This would not be so did the followers of Christ realize the truth of the words, "Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned. Harsh and

unkind words, words of censure and criticism of God's work and His messengers, are indulged in by those who profess to be His children. When these careless souls discern the greatness of God's character, they will not mingle their spirit and attributes with His service. When our eyes look by faith into the sanctuary, and take in the reality, the importance and holiness, of the work there being done, everything of a selfish nature will be abhorred by us. Sin will appear as it is,-the transgression of God's holy law. The atonement will be better understood; and by living, active faith, we shall see that whatever of virtue humanity possesses, it exists only in Jesus Christ, the world's Redeemer…The vision given to Isaiah represents the condition of God's people in the last days. They are privileged to see by faith the work that is going forward in the heavenly sanctuary. "And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament." As they look by faith into the holy of holies, and see the work of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary, they perceive that they are a people of unclean lips, - a people whose lips have often spoken vanity, and whose talents have not been sanctified and employed to the glory of God. Well may they despair as they contrast their own weakness and unworthiness with the purity and loveliness of the glorious character of Christ. But if they, like Isaiah, will receive the impression the Lord designs shall be made upon the heart, if they will humble their souls before God, there is hope for them. The bow of promise is above the throne, and the work done for Isaiah will be performed in them. God will respond to the petitions coming from the contrite heart. He was looking in the sanctuary. RH June 4, 1889 Isaiah had a wonderful view of God's glory. He saw the manifestation of God's power, and after beholding His majesty, a message came to him to go and do a certain work. He felt wholly unworthy for the work. What made him esteem himself unworthy? Did he think himself unworthy before he had a view of God's glory?- No; he imagined himself in a righteous state before God; but when the glory of the Lord of hosts was revealed to him, when he beheld the inexpressible majesty of God, he said, "I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts. Then flew one of the seraphim unto me, having a living coal in his hands, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar, and he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged." This is the work that as individuals we need to have done for us. We want the living coal from off the altar placed upon our lips. We want to hear the word spoken, "Thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged.”


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4BC 1139-1140 These holy beings sang forth the praise and glory of God with lips unpolluted with sin. The contrast between the feeble praise which he had been accustomed to bestow upon the Creator and the fervid praises of the seraphim, astonished and humiliated the prophet. He had for the time being the sublime privilege of appreciating the spotless purity of Jehovah's exalted character… his own inward defilement stood out before him with startling clearness. His very words seemed vile to him. This is not that voluntary humility and servile self-reproach that so many seem to consider it a virtue to display. This vague mockery of humility is prompted by hearts full of pride and selfesteem. There are many who demerit themselves in words, who would be disappointed if this course did not call forth expressions of praise and appreciation from others. When the cleansing coal is applied from the glowing altar, the conscience will be purged from dead works to serve the living God; and when the love of Jesus is the theme of contemplation, the words coming from human lips will be full of praise and thanksgiving to God and to the Lamb. "Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips: . . . for mine eyes have seen the king, the Lord of hosts." This is not that voluntary humility and servile self-reproach that so many seem to consider it a virtue to display. This vague mockery of humility is prompted by hearts full of pride and self-esteem. There are many who demerit themselves in words, who would be disappointed if this course did not call forth expressions of praise and appreciation from others. But the conviction of the prophet was genuine. As humanity, with its weakness and deformity, was brought out in contrast with the perfection of divine holiness and light and glory, he felt altogether inefficient and unworthy. How could he go and speak to the people the holy requirements of Jehovah, who was high and lifted up, and whose train filled the temple? While Isaiah was trembling and conscience-smitten, because of his impurity in the presence of this unsurpassed glory…” RH May 3, 1887 How many words are spoken in lightness and foolishness, in jesting and joking! This would not be so did the followers of Christ realize the truth of the words, "Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned." To those who are engaged in the work of God, in the conversion of souls, it would seem as though it was impossible to reach the obdurate heart. This is how Isaiah felt, but when he saw that there was a God above the cherubim, and that they were ready to work with God, he was ready to carry the message.

He was repentant here. He saw himself as he really was and God could change him. The coal wasn't magic. It came from conviction. A death to self took place here. 6:6 Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: 6:7 And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. 6:8 Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me. RH May 3, 1887 To those who are engaged in the work of God, in the conversion of souls, it would seem as though it was impossible to reach the obdurate heart. This is how Isaiah felt, but when he saw that there was a God above the cherubim, and that they were ready to work with God, he was ready to carry the message

God puts out a call when we are purged 6:9 And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not.


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He is being warned that the people will not listen to him to well. Isaiah is going thought his conversion experience in this chapter. This account is very similar to Romans 7. 6:10 Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed. 6:11 Then said I, Lord, how long? And he answered, Until the cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and the land be utterly desolate, 6:12 And the LORD have removed men far away, and there be a great forsaking in the midst of the land. 6:13 But yet in it shall be a tenth, and it shall return, and shall be eaten: as a teil tree, and as an oak, whose substance is in them, when they cast their leaves: so the holy seed shall be the substance thereof.

Now go the 2 Kings 16.


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Chapter 7 2 Kings 16 gives us the context of where Isaiah's next series of messages in chapter 7 come from. The first 6 chapters were written before Uzziah died. And now the next following chapters were written during the reign of king Ahaz the wicked one. 7:1 And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it. 7:2 And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind. 7:3 Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shearjashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field;

Isaiah went to meet Ahaz “Shearjashub” – His name means a remnant shall return. This sons name gave a message. It implies that you will be conquered. The son is a living message of judgment. 7:4 And say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted for the two tails of these smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria, and of the son of Remaliah. 7:5 Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have taken evil counsel against thee, saying, 7:6 Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeal: 7:7 Thus saith the Lord GOD, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass. 7:8 For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people. 7:9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah's son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.

He is urging him not to get help from Assyria. 7:10 Moreover the LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying,

Now he is telling him to ask for a sign from God. But he doesn't want to. 7:11 Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above. 7:12 But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD. 7:13 And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also? 7:14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.


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He gives a sign anyway. Immanuel means God with us. We know that this applies to Christ being born in the future. But the immediate context is God with us in judgment. (Note: When Jesus came it as God with us in judgment. But the emphasis on looking back on Jesus is God with us in atonement, which is the other side of the coin in judgment. The context here is not good. He didn't turn to God. Note: The context means that God would be with them in judgment. (In another spiritual sense we know it is talking about Christ. When Christ came He did come in judgment because Israel rejected Him and they were cut off. But here the context is immediate. In the next chapter God with us comes up again.) 7:15 Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good. 7:16 For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings.

In other words this child will be born before he knows good and evil. 7:17 The LORD shall bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy father's house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria.

Amos never said who it was who was going to come and destroy Israel. But here Isaiah is saying that Judah is going to be hit by Assyria. 7:18 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria. 7:19 And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and upon all bushes. 7:20 In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard. 7:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a young cow, and two sheep; 7:22 And it shall come to pass, for the abundance of milk that they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land. 7:23 And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place shall be, where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silverlings, it shall even be for briers and thorns. 7:24 With arrows and with bows shall men come thither; because all the land shall become briers and thorns. 7:25 And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.


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Chapter 8 8:1 Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in it with a man's pen concerning Mahershalalhashbaz. 8:2 And I took unto me faithful witnesses to record, Uriah the priest, and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah. 8:3 And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son. Then said the LORD to me, Call his name Mahershalalhashbaz.

“prophetess” (his wife maybe) 8:4 For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and my mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be taken away before the king of Assyria.

In Kings when Syria and Israel attacked Judah Ahaz got Assyria on his side, and he got instructions for the idol, and they conquered Damascus. Here Isaiah gives a prophecy that a certain child would be born and before that baby can say my father and my mother Damascus would be conquered. 8:5 The LORD spake also unto me again, saying, 8:6 Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly, and rejoice in Rezin and Remaliah's son; 8:7 Now therefore, behold, the Lord bringeth up upon them the waters of the river, strong and many, even the king of Assyria, and all his glory: and he shall come up over all his channels, and go over all his banks: 8:8 And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel.

Waters of the river represent the king of Assyria. So this is referring to the river of Euphrates. The king of Assyria has to cross Euphrates to come and attack. He will flood right over Israel and pass through Judah. If you flood everything but the neck, what is left? The head. What is the head of Judah? Jerusalem. He is prophesying that all of Judah will be conquered by Assyria except Jerusalem. “O Immanuel” – See God with us in judgment. 8:9 Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.

If you look for alliances you will get crushed. 8:10 Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak the word, and it shall not stand: for God is with us.

“God is with us” – This means Immanuel. God is here judgment is coming. 8:11 For the LORD spake thus to me with a strong hand, and instructed me that I should not walk in the way of this people, saying,


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8:12 Say ye not, A confederacy, to all them to whom this people shall say, A confederacy; neither fear ye their fear, nor be afraid. 4BC 1141-1142 Let the watchmen on the walls of Zion not join with those who are making of none effect the truth as it is in Christ. Let them not join the confederacy of infidelity, popery, and Protestantism in exalting tradition above Scripture, reason above revelation, and human talent above the divine influence and the vital power of godliness (RH March 24, 1896)…Never was the confederacy of evil greater than at the present time. Through his evil angels, Satan contrives to form an alliance with professedly pious men, and thus he leavens the church of God. You know what a confederacy is,--a union of men in a work that does not bear the stamp of pure, straightforward, unswerving integrity (MS 29, 1911). 8:13 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread. 8:14 And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

Applies to Christ 8:15 And many among them shall stumble, and fall, and be broken, and be snared, and be taken. 8:16 Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. 8:17 And I will wait upon the LORD, that hideth his face from the house of Jacob, and I will look for him. 8:18 Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion.

The meaning of their names is for signs and wonders. They are messages for the people. 8:19 And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should not a people seek unto their God? for the living to the dead?

He is speaking about those who claim to have supernatural information from the spirit. 8:20 To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.

The context shows that this refers to a prophet more than an ordinary person. It is a test of a prophet. (Note: It can be applied to a person too. If a person makes a mistake, does that mean there is not light in them? No. But if a prophet gives incorrect information and they say it is from the Lord, we know it is not from God.) This verse is to test prophets. ordinary people should teach according to the law too, but we test what they say. We can use this text to evaluate a message from anyone. If they say they are a prophet and error this means they are not sent from God. But a regular person who makes a mistake, this doesn't mean they don't have any light. 8:21 And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward. 8:22 And they shall look unto the earth; and behold trouble and darkness, dimness of anguish; and they shall be driven to darkness.


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This shows a picture of great darkness. There is utter hopelessness.


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Chapter 9 9:1 Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations. 9:2 The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.

In 8:22 there was great darkness. Who were in darkness? The heathen. When we hear this we should think about the time of Jesus. When the heathen were in darkness Jesus came and presented it to them. Isaiah is looking ahead to when the heathen will see this great light. 9:3 Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoice when they divide the spoil.

The nation of true Israel would be multiplied by the heathen seeing a great light and coming to join them. 9:4 For thou hast broken the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian. 9:5 For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire. 9:6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

KEY TEXTS A child is going to be born and the government is going to depend on Him. He is praised for being a counselor because He is wise all of the time. He is called the Son, God, and the Everlasting Father. Jesus said that if you see me, you see the Father. (There is something about the equality of the Father and the Son that we don't understand. F.Dana doesn't fully understand it.) He is prophesying about a son who he is saying right off the back that he is God. 9:7 Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

KEY TEXTS His government will be eternal. This shows the promise that was given to David will last because it will be God Himself who will sit on it. This is one of the clearest pictures that shows the throne of David will be occupied by God Himself. But He will be born as a child. This shows that He will take on human form. 9:8 The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it hath lighted upon Israel. 9:9 And all the people shall know, even Ephraim and the inhabitant of Samaria, that say in the pride and stoutness of heart,


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9:10 The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars. 9:11 Therefore the LORD shall set up the adversaries of Rezin against him, and join his enemies together;

In chapter 7 they were concerned about the coming invasion of Syria and Israel. And he told them Assyria would take care of them and Judah. Isaiah 8:7-8 = KEY TEXTS. He talked about Assyria coming to invade them, but he shifts his focus to the coming Messiah, their only hope. The one who will be born as a child who will be the mighty counselor. He will sit on the throne. Don't loose hope. Put your hope in the promises of God. 9:12 The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. 9:13 For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do they seek the LORD of hosts. 9:14 Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.

The Lord has allowed nations to conquer territory in your land, but it is God that is smiting you because He wants you to turn around. So God will cut off Israel. 9:15 The ancient and honourable, he is the head; and the prophet that teacheth lies, he is the tail. 9:16 For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that are led of them are destroyed.

KEY TEXT It was the leadership that was leading them astray. Par: We see this today. The leadership bares the responsibility. 9:17 Therefore the Lord shall have no joy in their young men, neither shall have mercy on their fatherless and widows: for every one is an hypocrite and an evildoer, and every mouth speaketh folly. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

God is angry, but His hand is still stretched out, take it. 9:18 For wickedness burneth as the fire: it shall devour the briers and thorns, and shall kindle in the thickets of the forest, and they shall mount up like the lifting up of smoke. 9:19 Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land darkened, and the people shall be as the fuel of the fire: no man shall spare his brother.

(*PO the people will be the fuel of the fire. Remember this for crusade. What kind of fuel? Go to Jeremiah) 9:20 And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm: 9:21 Manasseh, Ephraim; and Ephraim, Manasseh: and they together shall be against Judah. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.


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Eph and Manass coming against Judah. He is bringing punishment, but God's hand is stretched out still. He wants to turn them from trusting in other nations to trusting fully in the coming Messiah.


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Chapter 10 10:1 Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; 10:2 To turn aside the needy from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless!

Who does this sound like? Amos 10:3 And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which shall come from far? to whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory? 10:4 Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

Ends again with God's hand is stretched out still. (*PO go through and look at this phrase, make sermon) 10:5 O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation.

God talking, Isaiah speaking for Him. Assyria is being used by God to punish them. What Assyria is doing is being done because I am allowing them to do it. 10:6 I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

God shows that He is sending destruction. 10:7 Howbeit he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few.

It is easy to use this king because he likes to destroy. This shows that God is saying I am sending Him, but he wants to do this. I am not overruling his freedom of choice. 10:8 For he saith, Are not my princes altogether kings? 10:9 Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus? 10:10 As my hand hath found the kingdoms of the idols, and whose graven images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria; 10:11 Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols? 10:12 Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks.

After the king of Assyria does this he will be punished. He was not more righteous than them. He was evil too. And his cup of iniquity will be full too. But first God used him to punish those who had more light. 10:13 For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the


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inhabitants like a valiant man:

He was full of pride. 10:14 And my hand hath found as a nest the riches of the people: and as one gathereth eggs that are left, have I gathered all the earth; and there was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped. 10:15 Shall the axe boast itself against him that heweth therewith? or shall the saw magnify itself against him that shaketh it? as if the rod should shake itself against them that lift it up, or as if the staff should lift up itself, as if it were no wood.

God says this about Assyria. It was like an axe talking to the person swinging it. The point is that the king of Assyria is just a tool. 10:16 Therefore shall the Lord, the Lord of hosts, send among his fat ones leanness; and under his glory he shall kindle a burning like the burning of a fire. 10:17 And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day; 10:18 And shall consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body: and they shall be as when a standardbearer fainteth. 10:19 And the rest of the trees of his forest shall be few, that a child may write them. 10:20 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.

“that day” – The day of judgment. Those who survive will be faithful. 10:21 The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God.

God is saying that Assyria will punish you and take slaves, but the remnant will return. So put your hope in being a part of that remnant. 10:22 For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness. 10:23 For the Lord GOD of hosts shall make a consumption, even determined, in the midst of all the land. 10:24 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, O my people that dwellest in Zion, be not afraid of the Assyrian: he shall smite thee with a rod, and shall lift up his staff against thee, after the manner of Egypt. 10:25 For yet a very little while, and the indignation shall cease, and mine anger in their destruction. 10:26 And the LORD of hosts shall stir up a scourge for him according to the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb: and as his rod was upon the sea, so shall he lift it up after the manner of Egypt. 10:27 And it shall come to pass in that day, that his burden shall be taken away from off thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing. 10:28 He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages:


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10:29 They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled. 10:30 Lift up thy voice, O daughter of Gallim: cause it to be heard unto Laish, O poor Anathoth. 10:31 Madmenah is removed; the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee. 10:32 As yet shall he remain at Nob that day: he shall shake his hand against the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem. 10:33 Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled. 10:34 And he shall cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.


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Chapter 11 – Coming of the Messiah Key chapter 11:1 And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:

We have a rod, branch, etc. What does this bring to mind? The shepard's rod and branch dividians. They believe they are the fulfillment of this verse. Vernon Howell changed his name to David Koresh. He believed he was the end time David. He was claiming to be God. 11:2 And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD;

Jesus is the rod or branch. 11:3 And shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LORD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears: 11:4 But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.

Verses 4 to 6 Gives us a description of the Messianic kingdom. It will be fulfilled in the new heaven and earth. When the people of Israel saw Jesus, they expected for this to happen. They thought it would happen before their eyes. The OT doesn't make a clear distinction from the first and second coming of Christ. That could have only been spiritually discerned and brought out more clearly by later Bible writers. The reason why is because it depended on whether Jesus was accepted or not. If He would have the New Kingdom would have come quicker in history. Note: if they would have accepted Him, it would have drawn nations to Israel and it would have been enlarged. 11:5 And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins. 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. 11:8 And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den. 11:9 They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea. 11:10 And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.

The point here is that the root of Jesse the Messiah would have drawn the gentiles. The disciples and Pharisee’s should have known this.


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11:11 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

This is describing God's people in all the other nations. “remnant the second time” – This is not talking about after they came out of Babylonian captivity. It is referring to another gathering of the remnant to return. The Messiah would be the one drawing them. We see two fulfillments of this: There was a drawing out of people from the nations into spiritual Israel during the early church. It would happen at the end of time too. 11:12 And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

This shows that this was a worldwide event. In V.10 we talked about gentiles. It is talking about gathering them on a worldwide basis. They could have understood this before the NT came. 11:13 The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim. 11:14 But they shall fly upon the shoulders of the Philistines toward the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them. 11:15 And the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it in the seven streams, and make men go over dryshod. 11:16 And there shall be an highway for the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria; like as it was to Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.

God is saying there will be so many people that want to go I will have to make another highway Illus: They have a 4 lane highway that brings people to Disneyworld because they want to go there. It is a highway for the wrong point.


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Chapter 12 This is a Key chapter 12:1 And in that day thou shalt say, O LORD, I will praise thee: though thou wast angry with me, thine anger is turned away, and thou comfortedst me. 12:2 Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation. 12:3 Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation.

He is talking about living water. When Jesus talked about this, He was talking about things that are in the Bible. 12:4 And in that day shall ye say, Praise the LORD, call upon his name, declare his doings among the people, make mention that his name is exalted. 12:5 Sing unto the LORD; for he hath done excellent things: this is known in all the earth. 12:6 Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy One of Israel in the midst of thee.

Now go to Hosea 1 through 3.


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Chapter 13 Israel is destroyed during this time, and Judah is alone. Judah is looking to God now and now there is a moment of peace. Chapters 13-23 The Judgments on the Nations. Chapters 13 and 14 deal with Babylon. At this time Babylon was under the control of Assyria. And now human being could know that Babylon would become a world power. And Isaiah writes a prophecy about the fall of Babylon when it hasn't even risen yet. (*PO connects with Daniel 2 and this also validates God's word). (*PO Also note that when talking about Babylon it says from the north showing its location in relation to Palestine or Judah [Jerusalem] Study!) 13:1 The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see. 13:2 Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles. 13:3 I have commanded my sanctified ones, I have also called my mighty ones for mine anger, even them that rejoice in my highness. 13:4 The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle.

The Lord musters a host for battle. 13:5 They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, even the LORD, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land. 13:6 Howl ye; for the day of the LORD is at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty.

(*PO day of the Lord is associated with judgment being executed on His people.) 13:7 Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt: 13:8 And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrows shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall be amazed one at another; their faces shall be as flames. 13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. 13:10 For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

This speaks about the sun being darkened. (*PO a time frame is given sun was darkened may 19, 1780 It is a marker because Gen 1:14 says the Sun was made to be a sign) 13:11 And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.

Key text


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“punish the world” – In the first verse it says it is the burden of Babylon. But now it says He will punish the world. Babylon is already being used symbolically and they hadn't even existed as an empire yet. They were a symbol for the wicked that would be destroyed at the end of the world. (*PO this shows that in the last days the whole world or all the inhabitants in it will be either a part of God's true people or a part of Babylon.) 13:12 I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir. 13:13 Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger.

Similar to Rev 6:14 Summary: We see the coming destruction of literal Babylon is being foretold 200 years ahead of time. And at the same time it is being told to prefigure the destruction of the world at the end of time. Revelation is not the only book that does this. 13:14 And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land. 13:15 Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword. 13:16 Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished. 13:17 Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.

The Medes overthrew Babylon. 13:18 Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eye shall not spare children. 13:19 And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

When he wrote this they were not the glory of kingdoms. It would be 100 years before they would be the glory of kingdoms and it would be 170 years before they would be destroyed. 13:20 It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there.

(*PO Text to show the validity of the Bible. This has been fulfilled even today.) 13:21 But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.

Wild beasts would be there.


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13:22 And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in their pleasant palaces: and her time is near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.


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Chapter 14 This continues with the downfall of the king of Babylon. Sermons: 1.) "The King of the North" Points: Isaiah 14 shows how the king of the north represents Papal Rome. In Daniel 2 Isaiah 14 shows the real reason why Babylon had to be overthrown. 14:1 For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.

This implies a return from Babylon. Strangers or foreigners would accept the Lord. (*PO this could also mean gentiles. We have a connection with Eph 2 the mystery of God was originally suppose to be fulfilled with literal Israel, but now God is doing it through spiritual Israel. Also this represents Gentiles in the last days being taken out of Babylon to fulfill the mystery of God.) 14:2 And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place: and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of the LORD for servants and handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors. 14:3 And it shall come to pass in the day that the LORD shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve, 14:4 That thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased!

How could this happen to Babylon? That powerful golden city? (*PO connects with Daniel chapter 5 the overthrow of Babylon.) 14:5 The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers. 14:6 He who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth. 14:7 The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.

In 539 B.C. when the Medes overthrew Babylon the rest of the nations could rest. But it also that in the end time when spiritual Babylon is destroyed there will finally be peace on this earth as it lays desolate. The righteous will have rest in heaven. 14:8 Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us. 14:9 Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.

Hell means grave here. The dead are figuratively being raised up here to see the destruction of who destroyed them. This is literary and not meant to be doctrinal.


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14:10 All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto us?

When they see Babylon being destroyed they will say now you are like us? How can this be, you were the king of the earth. 14:11 Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.

Transition comes. 14:12 How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

In Rev 12 you have the dragon that is pagan Rome, and papal rome, and it is also the devil. Isaiah is doing the same thing here. We were talking about Babylon now he says how have thou fallen from heaven Lucifer? Because who really is the head of Babylon? Lucifer. He is the true king of Babylon. (*PO all the preceding texts describe Satan as he worked through Babylon. Through that agency he weakened the nations. It happened literally back then. But now through spiritual Babylon he is still weakening the nations. Note: This also shows how Babylon will be alive in Daniel 2. The spirit of Babylon has been carried down to our world today. Study!) 14:13 For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north:

“north” – Geographically Babylon came from the north. (*PO This is how you nail it in Daniel 11. We know that Satan worked through Babylon, which was located in the north. And in the last days he will still work through spiritual Babylon, showing that spiritually he is still the king of the north, but the agency that he works through is Papal Rome. So technically Satan is still working through the king of the north. In the time of Isaiah or Judah it was the literal king of the north, in the last days he will work through the spiritual king of the north. We can also see this in Daniel 2. He worked through the head of gold, which was Babylon. When we get to the feet he is still working through spiritual Babylon, papal Rome. The king of the north.) And because Lucifer tried to sit on the sides of the north, he tried to take God's place as the true king of the north, and Babylon tried the same thing. And this is why it had to fall. (*PO So now in the last days, which system (which satan is using) is trying to sit in the sides of the north and take God's place as the true King? Papal Rome – 2 Thess 2:3). Babylon right here represents satan and his kingdom. 14:14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High.

Satan and Babylon both did that. 14:15 Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. 14:16 They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms;

(*PO do we see Satan shaking kingdoms through Papal Rome? Study for evidence.)


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14:17 That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners? 14:18 All the kings of the nations, even all of them, lie in glory, every one in his own house. 14:19 But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden under feet. 14:20 Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned. 14:21 Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers; that they do not rise, nor possess the land, nor fill the face of the world with cities. 14:22 For I will rise up against them, saith the LORD of hosts, and cut off from Babylon the name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, saith the LORD.

“Babylon the name, and remnant" – There is not remnant in Babylon. You must leave to be saved. (*PO Babylon means 'confusion (by mixing)' it also means to mingle, mix or confuse. Who is going to be cut off? A system that mingles or mixes together something to cause confusion. The papacy is mixing together church and state. They will be cut off. Study!) Rev 19:21 We see a remnant being slain. Dan 3 image 3 score cubits, and breath was 3 cubits. Six means confusion. Study) 14:23 I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.

“besom of destruction” 14:24 The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand: 14:25 That I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders.

It now switches to the present adversary, which is Assyria. “my land” – In Judah. He is saying that Assyria will get hit hard in Judah. And this happened when Sennacherib invaded. 14:26 This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations.

God is saying that what is going to happen to Assyria is what is going to happen to the whole world some day. 14:27 For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? and his hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back?

The rest of the chapter is a warning to the Philistines not to get cocky because Judah is being attacked. Babylon can attack them too. 14:28 In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden.


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14:29 Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. 14:30 And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant. 14:31 Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his appointed times. 14:32 What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it.


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Chapter 15 – Warning against Moab 15:1 The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; 15:2 He is gone up to Bajith, and to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over Nebo, and over Medeba: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard cut off. 15:3 In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly. 15:4 And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him. 15:5 My heart shall cry out for Moab; his fugitives shall flee unto Zoar, an heifer of three years old: for by the mounting up of Luhith with weeping shall they go it up; for in the way of Horonaim they shall raise up a cry of destruction.

God loves the heathen too. 15:6 For the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate: for the hay is withered away, the grass faileth, there is no green thing. 15:7 Therefore the abundance they have gotten, and that which they have laid up, shall they carry away to the brook of the willows. 15:8 For the cry is gone round about the borders of Moab; the howling thereof unto Eglaim, and the howling thereof unto Beerelim. 15:9 For the waters of Dimon shall be full of blood: for I will bring more upon Dimon, lions upon him that escapeth of Moab, and upon the remnant of the land.


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Chapter 16 16:1 Send ye the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the wilderness, unto the mount of the daughter of Zion. 16:2 For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon. 16:3 Take counsel, execute judgment; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; bewray not him that wandereth. 16:4 Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab; be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler: for the extortioner is at an end, the spoiler ceaseth, the oppressors are consumed out of the land. 16:5 And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness. 16:6 We have heard of the pride of Moab; he is very proud: even of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: but his lies shall not be so.

Points out the pride of the Moabites. 16:7 Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. 16:8 For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea. 16:9 Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen. 16:10 And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I have made their vintage shouting to cease. 16:11 Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kirharesh. 16:12 And it shall come to pass, when it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place, that he shall come to his sanctuary to pray; but he shall not prevail. 16:13 This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning Moab since that time. 16:14 But now the LORD hath spoken, saying, Within three years, as the years of an hireling, and the glory of Moab shall be contemned, with all that great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and feeble.

A remnant will be saved out of Moab. A small feeble remnant will find the truth out of Moab. (*PO connects with Daniel 11, who are they?)


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Chapter 17 Damascus? This is the kingdom of Syria. 17:1 The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap. 17:2 The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. 17:3 The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, saith the LORD of hosts.

The remnant of Syria will be destroyed like the children of Israel. 17:4 And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean. 17:5 And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.

We have the harvest here. 17:6 Yet gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an olive tree, two or three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, four or five in the outmost fruitful branches thereof, saith the LORD God of Israel.

The chapter is about Syria. (It could be talking about Judah. Or it could mean both of them together.) Everything else will be shaken out, but a few will remain. 17:7 At that day shall a man look to his Maker, and his eyes shall have respect to the Holy One of Israel. 17:8 And he shall not look to the altars, the work of his hands, neither shall respect that which his fingers have made, either the groves, or the images. 17:9 In that day shall his strong cities be as a forsaken bough, and an uppermost branch, which they left because of the children of Israel: and there shall be desolation. 17:10 Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips: 17:11 In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow. 17:12 Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!

The city would be like a heap and laid waste. And the multitude would rush in. It symbolizes the attack of advancing armies. 17:13 The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.


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Rev 12:15 Dragon made a flood. V.17 speaks of making war with the remnant. In Rev. 16 we have the drying up of the Euprates. God suddenly stops the flood. God is moving to deliver His people. 16:21 the destruction comes and they flee. When Isaiah is speaking he is talking about Syria coming to do this like a rushing flood, and when they reached Jerusalem the flood got dried up. One angel wiped out 185,000 of Sennacherib's army. 17:14 And behold at eveningtide trouble; and before the morning he is not. This is the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that rob us.

When they woke up there was nothing left. (Senna army)


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Chapter 18 – Warning to Ethiopia 18:1 Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia: 18:2 That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled! 18:3 All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountains; and when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye. 18:4 For so the LORD said unto me, I will take my rest, and I will consider in my dwelling place like a clear heat upon herbs, and like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest. 18:5 For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches. 18:6 They shall be left together unto the fowls of the mountains, and to the beasts of the earth: and the fowls shall summer upon them, and all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. 18:7 In that time shall the present be brought unto the LORD of hosts of a people scattered and peeled, and from a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden under foot, whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of the LORD of hosts, the mount Zion.


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Chapter 19 – Warning to Egypt 19:1 The burden of Egypt. Behold, the LORD rideth upon a swift cloud, and shall come into Egypt: and the idols of Egypt shall be moved at his presence, and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the midst of it. 19:2 And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his neighbour; city against city, and kingdom against kingdom. 19:3 And the spirit of Egypt shall fail in the midst thereof; and I will destroy the counsel thereof: and they shall seek to the idols, and to the charmers, and to them that have familiar spirits, and to the wizards. 19:4 And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

Key verse The Egyptians will be wiped out by the Assyrians too. 19:5 And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be wasted and dried up. 19:6 And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither. 19:7 The paper reeds by the brooks, by the mouth of the brooks, and every thing sown by the brooks, shall wither, be driven away, and be no more. 19:8 The fishers also shall mourn, and all they that cast angle into the brooks shall lament, and they that spread nets upon the waters shall languish. 19:9 Moreover they that work in fine flax, and they that weave networks, shall be confounded. 19:10 And they shall be broken in the purposes thereof, all that make sluices and ponds for fish. 19:11 Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings?

Their wisemen can't think anymore. 19:12 Where are they? where are thy wise men? and let them tell thee now, and let them know what the LORD of hosts hath purposed upon Egypt. 19:13 The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the tribes thereof. 19:14 The LORD hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof: and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a drunken man staggereth in his vomit. 19:15 Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do. 19:16 In that day shall Egypt be like unto women: and it shall be afraid and fear because of the shaking of the hand of the LORD of hosts, which he shaketh over it.

Egypt will really be broken and they will fear the small armies of Judah too.


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19:17 And the land of Judah shall be a terror unto Egypt, every one that maketh mention thereof shall be afraid in himself, because of the counsel of the LORD of hosts, which he hath determined against it. 19:18 In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called, The city of destruction. 19:19 In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the LORD.

This shows that if Egypt will be faithful many will turn to God. Could parallel to spiritual Egypt at the end of time (Dan 11). 19:20 And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them. 19:21 And the LORD shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know the LORD in that day, and shall do sacrifice and oblation; yea, they shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and perform it. 19:22 And the LORD shall smite Egypt: he shall smite and heal it: and they shall return even to the LORD, and he shall be intreated of them, and shall heal them.

Egypt gets hope. 19:23 In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians. 19:24 In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land: 19:25 Whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance.

These verses show that the heathen will come to God.


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Chapter 20 20:1 In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it;

Still referring to Egypt. Ashdod belongs to the Philistines. Ashdod was instrumental in causing the other nations to form an alliance to rebel against Assyria. Tartan is a general in the Assyrian army and Sargon is the king that replaced Shalmanezar. And he sent an army against Ashdod. Tartan went. Ashdod is referred to because Ashdod was looking to Egypt as their savior. They are big they can help us against Assyria. 20:2 At the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. 20:3 And the LORD said, Like as my servant Isaiah hath walked naked and barefoot three years for a sign and wonder upon Egypt and upon Ethiopia; 20:4 So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.

It shows that this wasn't true. They would be so embarrassed that no one would put trust in them anymore. 20:5 And they shall be afraid and ashamed of Ethiopia their expectation, and of Egypt their glory. 20:6 And the inhabitant of this isle shall say in that day, Behold, such is our expectation, whither we flee for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria: and how shall we escape?


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Chapter 21 – Warning against Babylon 21:1 The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land. 21:2 A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.

Elam is the name of the land where Persia is. Elam is Persian and Media. 21:3 Therefore are my loins filled with pain: pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman that travaileth: I was bowed down at the hearing of it; I was dismayed at the seeing of it. 21:4 My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me: the night of my pleasure hath he turned into fear unto me. 21:5 Prepare the table, watch in the watchtower, eat, drink: arise, ye princes, and anoint the shield. 21:6 For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Go, set a watchman, let him declare what he seeth. 21:7 And he saw a chariot with a couple of horsemen, a chariot of asses, and a chariot of camels; and he hearkened diligently with much heed: 21:8 And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights: 21:9 And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground.

Again Isaiah comes back to Babylon, tells who will overthrow them, and he uses this language that John quoted. Warning against Dumah which is Edom. 21:10 O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto you. 21:11 The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? 21:12 The watchman said, The morning cometh, and also the night: if ye will enquire, enquire ye: return, come. 21:13 The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. 21:14 The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought water to him that was thirsty, they prevented with their bread him that fled. 21:15 For they fled from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war. 21:16 For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Within a year, according to the years of an hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail: 21:17 And the residue of the number of archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, shall be


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diminished: for the LORD God of Israel hath spoken it.


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Chapter 22 – Prophecy against Judah 22:1 The burden of the valley of vision. What aileth thee now, that thou art wholly gone up to the housetops? 22:2 Thou that art full of stirs, a tumultuous city, a joyous city: thy slain men are not slain with the sword, nor dead in battle. 22:3 All thy rulers are fled together, they are bound by the archers: all that are found in thee are bound together, which have fled from far. 22:4 Therefore said I, Look away from me; I will weep bitterly, labour not to comfort me, because of the spoiling of the daughter of my people.

He feels about this. 22:5 For it is a day of trouble, and of treading down, and of perplexity by the Lord GOD of hosts in the valley of vision, breaking down the walls, and of crying to the mountains. 22:6 And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield.

Elam were soldiers hired into the Assyrian army. Kir is a reference to Moabites fighting with the Assyrians. Uncover the shiled means to take out for the battle. 22:7 And it shall come to pass, that thy choicest valleys shall be full of chariots, and the horsemen shall set themselves in array at the gate. 22:8 And he discovered the covering of Judah, and thou didst look in that day to the armour of the house of the forest. 22:9 Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool.

If an enemy is coming and there is a whole in the wall it is not good. In Chronicles we see Hezekiah building the walls and blocking the water supplies on the outside of the city before the army came. 22:10 And ye have numbered the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses have ye broken down to fortify the wall.

Hezekiah did this, he found which houses needed to be torn down to fix the wall. 22:11 Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had respect unto him that fashioned it long ago. 22:12 And in that day did the Lord GOD of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth: 22:13 And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die. 22:14 And it was revealed in mine ears by the LORD of hosts, Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you till ye die, saith the Lord GOD of hosts.


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22:15 Thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, Go, get thee unto this treasurer, even unto Shebna, which is over the house, and say, 22:16 What hast thou here? and whom hast thou here, that thou hast hewed thee out a sepulchre here, as he that heweth him out a sepulchre on high, and that graveth an habitation for himself in a rock? 22:17 Behold, the LORD will carry thee away with a mighty captivity, and will surely cover thee. 22:18 He will surely violently turn and toss thee like a ball into a large country: there shalt thou die, and there the chariots of thy glory shall be the shame of thy lord's house.

Shebna will be tossed like a ball because he was trying to make a sepulcher so he could be remembered forever (previous verses) in Judah. 22:19 And I will drive thee from thy station, and from thy state shall he pull thee down. 22:20 And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will call my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah:

Eliakim 22:21 And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. 22:22 And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open. 22:23 And I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place; and he shall be for a glorious throne to his father's house.

He would be a good leader with good counsel. Shebna was demoted from being treasurer. He was just a scribe. 22:24 And they shall hang upon him all the glory of his father's house, the offspring and the issue, all vessels of small quantity, from the vessels of cups, even to all the vessels of flagons. 22:25 In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall the nail that is fastened in the sure place be removed, and be cut down, and fall; and the burden that was upon it shall be cut off: for the LORD hath spoken it.

Eliakim was like a nail in a sure place but it would not last forever. Then he would not be there to help and Judah would fall.


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Chapter 23 23:1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.

Tyre is the principle city of Phonecia. It was a shipping city. When the ships came to Tarshish with all the wealth, no one would be there to receive. 23:2 Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. 23:3 And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations. 23:4 Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins. 23:5 As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre. 23:6 Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of the isle. 23:7 Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is of ancient days? her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn. 23:8 Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? 23:9 The LORD of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honourable of the earth. 23:10 Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength. 23:11 He stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms: the LORD hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy the strong holds thereof. 23:12 And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also shalt thou have no rest. 23:13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin. 23:14 Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste.

All the wealthy merchants have been brought down (Rev. 18) 23:15 And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot. 23:16 Take an harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remembered. 23:17 And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the


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earth.

They are described similarly to Babylon. Babylon ruled for 70 years. Tyre and Babylon have common ground. They had the spirit of covethousness and trying to control the wealth of the world. Trye was guilty like Babylon. This language is used to describe Babylon in Rev. 23:18 And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.


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Chapter 24 – Desolation of the Earth Isaiah 24 – 35 – The great day of the Lord, deliverance or destruction. This chapter is a KEY CHAPTER It is on the desolation of the earth. 24:1 Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.

Revelation 20 uses the language of this chapter to describe how the earth will look after the second coming during the millennium. 24:2 And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

We see these people being destroyed. There is not favoured people here. 24:3 The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the LORD hath spoken this word. 24:4 The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish. 24:5 The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant. 24:6 Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left.

There is only a small remnant that will be spared in the end. (*PO left here in context refers to the end of time when people will be left.) 24:7 The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. 24:8 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. 24:9 They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it. 24:10 The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in. 24:11 There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. 24:12 In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction. 24:13 When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done.

Common metaphor describing a shaking and a remnant surviving. (*PO connects with Rev 14 or six talking about unripe fruit and fruit being tossed. Study). 24:14 They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of the LORD, they shall cry aloud from the sea.


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The ones who survive the shaking will lift up their voice. 24:15 Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea. 24:16 From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously. 24:17 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth. 24:18 And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake.

It is describing how impossible it is to escape if you are not in the remnant. “for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake” – This reminds us of the seventh plague in revelation. 24:19 The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly.

This describes the earthquake. 24:20 The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.

This parallels with revelation (whole chapter). 24:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth.

POWERFUL TEXT “host of the high ones [that are] on high” – Who are they? Satan and his angels. Connects with Eph 2:2 Prince of the power of the air (*PO this expands the destruction that will come upon satan, his angels and the children of disobedience, in contrast with those who are chosen in chapter 1. Eph 6 principalities and powers). This day of destruction is for them. “the kings of the earth upon the earth” – the mighty men on earth. 24:22 And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited.

The devil and the kings of the earth will be gathered together. This verse describes the millennium. The earth is the prison. (*PO The pit here refers to the earth where Satan and his angels will be. Rev 20:1) Rev 20 makes it clearer that the kings of the earth are prisoners of the grave, and the devils are prisoners of earthly confinement. And the many days are defined as 1000 years. Note: So the pit and the prison for the kings of the earth will be the grave. While the earth will be the prison and pit for satan and his angels. In many days they will be visited refers to the executive judgment after the


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millennium. 24:23 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.

While God reigns gloriously the sun will be ashamed meaning that the glory or brightness that comes from it, its glory is dim when compared to God's glory. (*PO I think it means that the Sun will not be shining at all during the millennium.)


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Chapter 25 Song of praise and victory for those who have made it. 25:1 O LORD, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth.

Counsels of old show that God's plan never changed from the beginning. (*PO can connect with Eph 1 showing His purpose from the beginning. Double-check.) 25:2 For thou hast made of a city an heap; of a defenced city a ruin: a palace of strangers to be no city; it shall never be built. 25:3 Therefore shall the strong people glorify thee, the city of the terrible nations shall fear thee. 25:4 For thou hast been a strength to the poor, a strength to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat, when the blast of the terrible ones is as a storm against the wall. 25:5 Thou shalt bring down the noise of strangers, as the heat in a dry place; even the heat with the shadow of a cloud: the branch of the terrible ones shall be brought low. 25:6 And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined. 25:7 And he will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering cast over all people, and the vail that is spread over all nations. 25:8 He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.

Paul quoted this in 1 Corinthians 15 'death is swallowed up in victory.” (*PO also shows the last enemy that will be put under His feet. In this verse. Connects with Eph 1; Daniel 12; 1 Corin 15). John uses this in Revelation “wiping away tears.” 25:9 And it shall be said in that day, Lo, this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us: this is the LORD; we have waited for him, we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation.

They waited, they didn't go for Satan's counterfeit. 25:10 For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down for the dunghill. 25:11 And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands. 25:12 And the fortress of the high fort of thy walls shall he bring down, lay low, and bring to the ground, even to the dust.


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Chapter 26 – A song of confidence in God 26:1 In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have a strong city; salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks.

This is Jerusalem 26:2 Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth the truth may enter in.

This is Judah and the remnant of nations. But spiritual Israel will be the righteous nation that will enter in. 26:3 Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.

We can have this peace now. But the contextual interpretation is referring to the peace that we will have forever and ever in the new earth. (*PO but in order to experience this we must be justified by faith Romans 5:1) 26:4 Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength: 26:5 For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth it low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust. 26:6 The foot shall tread it down, even the feet of the poor, and the steps of the needy. 26:7 The way of the just is uprightness: thou, most upright, dost weigh the path of the just. 26:8 Yea, in the way of thy judgments, O LORD, have we waited for thee; the desire of our soul is to thy name, and to the remembrance of thee. 26:9 With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness. 26:10 Let favour be shewed to the wicked, yet will he not learn righteousness: in the land of uprightness will he deal unjustly, and will not behold the majesty of the LORD. 26:11 LORD, when thy hand is lifted up, they will not see: but they shall see, and be ashamed for their envy at the people; yea, the fire of thine enemies shall devour them. 26:12 LORD, thou wilt ordain peace for us: for thou also hast wrought all our works in us. 26:13 O LORD our God, other lords beside thee have had dominion over us: but by thee only will we make mention of thy name. 26:14 They are dead, they shall not live; they are deceased, they shall not rise: therefore hast thou visited and destroyed them, and made all their memory to perish. 26:15 Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far unto all the ends of the earth.

The borders of Israel were to embrace the whole world. And it wasn't fulfilled with literal Israel because they rejected the Messiah. Partial fulfillment is that spiritual Israel can be all over the earth. The ultimate fulfillment will be in the new earth.


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26:16 LORD, in trouble have they visited thee, they poured out a prayer when thy chastening was upon them. 26:17 Like as a woman with child, that draweth near the time of her delivery, is in pain, and crieth out in her pangs; so have we been in thy sight, O LORD. 26:18 We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen. 26:19 Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead.

This is a picture of the resurrection. 26:20 Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast.

“hide thyself” Ps 46:1 God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.

“little moment” – For a certain amount of time the people will have to hide themselves in the Lord until the indignation be overpast. “indignation” – The plagues are the indignation of God. (*PO this confirms what God gave me in my devotion weeks ago about the indignation being the 7 last plagues.) During the plagues God's people will hide themselves in Him. Rev 14:10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: 26:21 For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain.


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Chapter 27 Sermons: The Vineyard of Red Wine" (Is 27) showing that even though the Jews rejected Christ, God still had a vineyard. This can be shown with Life & Teachings of Jesus I too. 27:1 In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.

Sometimes when the Bible talks about leviathans it is referring to whales. This leviathan is not that. In the Canaanite mythology they believed in a creature called leviathan. That was a dragon with 7 heads. Isaiah is using this as a figure of a 7-headed serpent. This connects with the 7-headed dragon in Revelation. John used the same imagery there. He got it from Isaiah. (Some people believes this but I haven’t seen proof yet.) They used this pagan religion to describe the work of Satan. (*PO Isaiah didn't have the new testimony to pull imagery from. He used the Canaanite myth to describe it.) The Canaanites were afraid of it. They called it the chaos monster. Note: FD believes this is why Jonah had so much success. The heathen believed that God delivered Jonah from the fiercest creature in their mythology. Same with crossing the red sea they believed that the leviathan controlled the sea. Note: This creature is also used in video games. It was in Final Fantasy. It is a figure of Satan. Note: God meets people where they are at. And understanding their myths helps us understand more about that time. That doesn't mean we should study mythology. 27:2 In that day sing ye unto her, A vineyard of red wine.

In Isaiah 5 we saw a vineyard that brought forth sour grapes. Now look at this one. 27:3 I the LORD do keep it; I will water it every moment: lest any hurt it, I will keep it night and day. 27:4 Fury is not in me: who would set the briers and thorns against me in battle? I would go through them, I would burn them together.

God is not angry with this vineyard like the one in Is 5. 27:5 Or let him take hold of my strength, that he may make peace with me; and he shall make peace with me. 27:6 He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit.

This vineyard fills the whole earth. This vineyard is the Messianic Kingdom. This vineyard is the ingathering of the nations because the keepers were faithful. This shows that when God rejected the vineyard and predicted the rejection from the Jewish nation, this shows that the vineyard was not gone. He found new keepers. And His people make it through to the end. God's promises never fail, but who receives them depend on whether they receive the promise or not. 27:7 Hath he smitten him, as he smote those that smote him? or is he slain according to the slaughter of them that are slain by him? 27:8 In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he stayeth his rough wind in the day of


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the east wind. 27:9 By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up. 27:10 Yet the defenced city shall be desolate, and the habitation forsaken, and left like a wilderness: there shall the calf feed, and there shall he lie down, and consume the branches thereof. 27:11 When the boughs thereof are withered, they shall be broken off: the women come, and set them on fire: for it is a people of no understanding: therefore he that made them will not have mercy on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. 27:12 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall beat off from the channel of the river unto the stream of Egypt, and ye shall be gathered one by one, O ye children of Israel.

“beat off” – This has to do with separating from the Euphrates to the stream of the river. “one by one” – This shows that we are saved individually not as a group. Note: Good text to show that just because you are a part of a group dosen’t mean you will be saved. 27:13 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the great trumpet shall be blown, and they shall come which were ready to perish in the land of Assyria, and the outcasts in the land of Egypt, and shall worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem.

Everyone from Assyria, Egypt and all of these heathen nations were to come and worship. This could have happened with literal Israel. FD gave the Midterm to use as a good study resource for the exam.


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Chapter 28 Chapters 28 and 29 deal with warnings to Jerusalem 28:1 Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine! 28:2 Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand. 28:3 The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet: 28:4 And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. 28:5 In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people, 28:6 And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate. 28:7 But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. 28:8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean. 28:9 Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts.

Key text 28:10 For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little:

Key text 28:11 For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. 28:12 To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. 28:13 But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little; that they might go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. 28:14 Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem. 28:15 Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: 28:16 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a


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precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. 28:17 Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. 28:18 And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it. 28:19 From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a vexation only to understand the report. 28:20 For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it. 28:21 For the LORD shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act. 28:22 Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: for I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts a consumption, even determined upon the whole earth. 28:23 Give ye ear, and hear my voice; hearken, and hear my speech. 28:24 Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground? 28:25 When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place? 28:26 For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. 28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. 28:28 Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. 28:29 This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working.


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Chapter 29 Sermon 1.) "Explanation of Laodecia" Is 29 explains why Laodecia is in that state. 29:1 Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices. 29:2 Yet I will distress Ariel, and there shall be heaviness and sorrow: and it shall be unto me as Ariel. 29:3 And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee. 29:4 And thou shalt be brought down, and shalt speak out of the ground, and thy speech shall be low out of the dust, and thy voice shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit, out of the ground, and thy speech shall whisper out of the dust. 29:5 Moreover the multitude of thy strangers shall be like small dust, and the multitude of the terrible ones shall be as chaff that passeth away: yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly. 29:6 Thou shalt be visited of the LORD of hosts with thunder, and with earthquake, and great noise, with storm and tempest, and the flame of devouring fire. 29:7 And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. 29:8 It shall even be as when an hungry man dreameth, and, behold, he eateth; but he awaketh, and his soul is empty: or as when a thirsty man dreameth, and, behold, he drinketh; but he awaketh, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul hath appetite: so shall the multitude of all the nations be, that fight against mount Zion. 29:9 Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are drunken, but not with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink.

Parallel in Revelation that is different from what has been covered thus far. We have a picture of people who are as helpless as drunks, but they are not drunk. 29:10 For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, and hath closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers hath he covered.

It is like they are sleep walking. God doesn't do this unless people reject His prophets. We have a people who are blind and are staggering because they refuse to listen to the prophet and God has allowed them to be in a deep sleep. This describes Laodecia. 29:11 And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed, which men deliver to one that is learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot; for it is sealed:

You can look at the words, but you don't understand. 29:12 And the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned.

The scholars say that it is sealed. The others say I am not a scholar. 29:13 Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their


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lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:

Key text This verse explains why they are in this condition. This is why they are blind and stagger. They are listening to the counsel of men in place of the counsel of God. (note: when men give counsel in connection with the counsel of God it is ok, but if not, you should not listen.) Laodecia is in this condition because they have been depending too much in the counsel of men. 29:14 Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid. 29:15 Woe unto them that seek deep to hide their counsel from the LORD, and their works are in the dark, and they say, Who seeth us? and who knoweth us? 29:16 Surely your turning of things upside down shall be esteemed as the potter's clay: for shall the work say of him that made it, He made me not? or shall the thing framed say of him that framed it, He had no understanding? 29:17 Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? 29:18 And in that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see out of obscurity, and out of darkness. 29:19 The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. 29:20 For the terrible one is brought to nought, and the scorner is consumed, and all that watch for iniquity are cut off:

We have a warning here. “watch for iniquity is cut off” – We do have to call sin by its right name, but the warning is we will be cut off if we spend our time focusing on other peoples sins. We are not to ignore sin. But don't continually focus on it. If we look at the sins of the conservative or liberal if you spend your time this way and reading into it the worse light you will loose your own way. 29:21 That make a man an offender for a word, and lay a snare for him that reproveth in the gate, and turn aside the just for a thing of nought. 29:22 Therefore thus saith the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob, Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale. 29:23 But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands, in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. 29:24 They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding, and they that murmured shall learn doctrine.


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Chapter 30 Key point: Not to trust in Egypt because Judah were looking to them for hope. 30:1 Woe to the rebellious children, saith the LORD, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin:

They are looking for advice but not from God. They want to know what somebody will say is ok. They don’t' want to know what God says. 30:2 That walk to go down into Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt! 30:3 Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame, and the trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion.

Judah is depending on Egypt. 30:4 For his princes were at Zoan, and his ambassadors came to Hanes. 30:5 They were all ashamed of a people that could not profit them, nor be an help nor profit, but a shame, and also a reproach. 30:6 The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camels, to a people that shall not profit them. 30:7 For the Egyptians shall help in vain, and to no purpose: therefore have I cried concerning this, Their strength is to sit still. 30:8 Now go, write it before them in a table, and note it in a book, that it may be for the time to come for ever and ever: 30:9 That this is a rebellious people, lying children, children that will not hear the law of the LORD: 30:10 Which say to the seers, See not; and to the prophets, Prophesy not unto us right things, speak unto us smooth things, prophesy deceits:

They are rejecting the true gift of prophecy. They want to construct it into something they want instead of what it really is. They want to tell the prophets how to give messages from God. (*PO people do this today to pastors.) 30:11 Get you out of the way, turn aside out of the path, cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from before us. 30:12 Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon: 30:13 Therefore this iniquity shall be to you as a breach ready to fall, swelling out in a high wall, whose breaking cometh suddenly at an instant.

The wall is sagging and it goes all at once.


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30:14 And he shall break it as the breaking of the potters' vessel that is broken in pieces; he shall not spare: so that there shall not be found in the bursting of it a sherd to take fire from the hearth, or to take water withal out of the pit.

You can't put it back together once it is smashed. It is beyond repair. 30:15 For thus saith the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel; In returning and rest shall ye be saved; in quietness and in confidence shall be your strength: and ye would not. 30:16 But ye said, No; for we will flee upon horses; therefore shall ye flee: and, We will ride upon the swift; therefore shall they that pursue you be swift. 30:17 One thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of five shall ye flee: till ye be left as a beacon upon the top of a mountain, and as an ensign on an hill. 30:18 And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him. 30:19 For the people shall dwell in Zion at Jerusalem: thou shalt weep no more: he will be very gracious unto thee at the voice of thy cry; when he shall hear it, he will answer thee. 30:20 And though the Lord give you the bread of adversity, and the water of affliction, yet shall not thy teachers be removed into a corner any more, but thine eyes shall see thy teachers:

This is to teach them something. 30:21 And thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye turn to the left. 30:22 Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast them away as a menstruous cloth; thou shalt say unto it, Get thee hence. 30:23 Then shall he give the rain of thy seed, that thou shalt sow the ground withal; and bread of the increase of the earth, and it shall be fat and plenteous: in that day shall thy cattle feed in large pastures.

Promise of rain. 30:24 The oxen likewise and the young asses that ear the ground shall eat clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with the fan. 30:25 And there shall be upon every high mountain, and upon every high hill, rivers and streams of waters in the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall. 30:26 Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day that the LORD bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound. 30:27 Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, burning with his anger, and the burden thereof is heavy: his lips are full of indignation, and his tongue as a devouring fire: 30:28 And his breath, as an overflowing stream, shall reach to the midst of the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of vanity: and there shall be a bridle in the jaws of the people, causing them to err.


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30:29 Ye shall have a song, as in the night when a holy solemnity is kept; and gladness of heart, as when one goeth with a pipe to come into the mountain of the LORD, to the mighty One of Israel. 30:30 And the LORD shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and shall shew the lighting down of his arm, with the indignation of his anger, and with the flame of a devouring fire, with scattering, and tempest, and hailstones. 30:31 For through the voice of the LORD shall the Assyrian be beaten down, which smote with a rod.

Points to when Assyria will be broken. God is saying I will deliver you, but you must turn to me. 30:32 And in every place where the grounded staff shall pass, which the LORD shall lay upon him, it shall be with tabrets and harps: and in battles of shaking will he fight with it. 30:33 For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared; he hath made it deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it.


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Chapter 31 About the fall of Egypt and Assyria. They will not oppress you forever. 31:1 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD! 31:2 Yet he also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back his words: but will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity. 31:3 Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together.

You can't trust a powerful nation. They must trust Him. He says in 31:4 For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is called forth against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. 31:5 As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it. 31:6 Turn ye unto him from whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted.

Don't do what the children of Israel did. 31:7 For in that day every man shall cast away his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a sin. 31:8 Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty man; and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall be discomfited.

If they turn to Him, He gives them a prophecy here. This was fulfilled when they turned to him under Hezekiah when Sennacherib came down. 31:9 And he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear, and his princes shall be afraid of the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem.


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Chapter 32 Chapters 32 and 33 are about the Messianic Kingdom 32:1 Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in judgment. 32:2 And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land. 32:3 And the eyes of them that see shall not be dim, and the ears of them that hear shall hearken. 32:4 The heart also of the rash shall understand knowledge, and the tongue of the stammerers shall be ready to speak plainly. 32:5 The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be bountiful. 32:6 For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail. 32:7 The instruments also of the churl are evil: he deviseth wicked devices to destroy the poor with lying words, even when the needy speaketh right. 32:8 But the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand. 32:9 Rise up, ye women that are at ease; hear my voice, ye careless daughters; give ear unto my speech. 32:10 Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women: for the vintage shall fail, the gathering shall not come. 32:11 Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins. 32:12 They shall lament for the teats, for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine. 32:13 Upon the land of my people shall come up thorns and briers; yea, upon all the houses of joy in the joyous city: 32:14 Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks; 32:15 Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest. 32:16 Then judgment shall dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness remain in the fruitful field. 32:17 And the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance for ever. 32:18 And my people shall dwell in a peaceable habitation, and in sure dwellings, and in quiet resting places; 32:19 When it shall hail, coming down on the forest; and the city shall be low in a low place.


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32:20 Blessed are ye that sow beside all waters, that send forth thither the feet of the ox and the ass.


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Chapter 33 33:1 Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled; and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! when thou shalt cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled; and when thou shalt make an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee. 33:2 O LORD, be gracious unto us; we have waited for thee: be thou their arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble. 33:3 At the noise of the tumult the people fled; at the lifting up of thyself the nations were scattered. 33:4 And your spoil shall be gathered like the gathering of the caterpiller: as the running to and fro of locusts shall he run upon them. 33:5 The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness. 33:6 And wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times, and strength of salvation: the fear of the LORD is his treasure. 33:7 Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without: the ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly. 33:8 The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man. 33:9 The earth mourneth and languisheth: Lebanon is ashamed and hewn down: Sharon is like a wilderness; and Bashan and Carmel shake off their fruits. 33:10 Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself. 33:11 Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath, as fire, shall devour you. 33:12 And the people shall be as the burnings of lime: as thorns cut up shall they be burned in the fire. 33:13 Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are near, acknowledge my might. 33:14 The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? 33:15 He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil; 33:16 He shall dwell on high: his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks: bread shall be given him; his waters shall be sure.

KEY TEXT SOP uses this text and places it after the death decree. This is a promise given for this time. We are still to have a garden before the death decree. We will be scattered then. 33:17 Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty: they shall behold the land that is very far off. 33:18 Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is the scribe? where is the receiver? where is he that counted the towers?


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33:19 Thou shalt not see a fierce people, a people of a deeper speech than thou canst perceive; of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand. 33:20 Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken. 33:21 But there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby. 33:22 For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; he will save us. 33:23 Thy tacklings are loosed; they could not well strengthen their mast, they could not spread the sail: then is the prey of a great spoil divided; the lame take the prey. 33:24 And the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity.

This applies to the Messianic Kingdom


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Chapter 34 – The Great Day of the Lord This is a KEY CHAPTER. It is a chapter on the destruction of the wicked. The chapter theme is the day of the Lord. Revelation uses imagery and language from here. Doctrine: Isaiah 34 shows clearly that hell's fire will not burn forever and ever. 34:1 Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come forth of it. 34:2 For the indignation of the LORD is upon all nations, and his fury upon all their armies: he hath utterly destroyed them, he hath delivered them to the slaughter.

It goes on to describe death. 34:3 Their slain also shall be cast out, and their stink shall come up out of their carcases, and the mountains shall be melted with their blood. 34:4 And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig tree.

Heaven will be dissolved. This is from Revelation 6 34:5 For my sword shall be bathed in heaven: behold, it shall come down upon Idumea, and upon the people of my curse, to judgment.

“Idumea” – This is what the land of Edom was called in latter times. This is a symbol of all the wicked of the world. They fit it because of their adversity towards Judah. 34:6 The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.

Bozra is the capital city of Idumea. 34:7 And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness. 34:8 For it is the day of the LORD'S vengeance, and the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion. 34:9 And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. 34:10 It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up for ever: from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever.

In the third angels message the first part of this text is quoted. John is taking things from scripture and explaining it in revelation with a more definite application to the end of time. He made it clearer than what previous writers did. “forever and ever…not be quenched” – After it talks about this fire that won't be quenched. (*PO this also connects with one taken and one left. We see the birds here to feast on the wicked.) It says


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34:11 But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness.

Key text Here we see in one place that the Bible shows that when something is burned with unquenchable fire it doesn't mean to go on and on…if it did birds could not come and live there if it was still burning. All vegetation and living creatures would be dead. (*PO powerful point about birds not being able to dwell if the place was on fire. DOCTRINE OF HELL'S FIRE) 34:12 They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing. 34:13 And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, and a court for owls.

Thorns were coming up from the same place. 34:14 The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest.

Wild beasts were there. 34:15 There shall the great owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather under her shadow: there shall the vultures also be gathered, every one with her mate.

An owl would make a nest, vultures would be there. If animals live there the fire goes out when nothing is left to burn. The land is left desolate. 34:16 Seek ye out of the book of the LORD, and read: no one of these shall fail, none shall want her mate: for my mouth it hath commanded, and his spirit it hath gathered them. 34:17 And he hath cast the lot for them, and his hand hath divided it unto them by line: they shall possess it for ever, from generation to generation shall they dwell therein.


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Chapter 35 Chapter 35 is a picture of the new earth after the destruction 35:1 The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. 35:2 It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and singing: the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the excellency of Carmel and Sharon, they shall see the glory of the LORD, and the excellency of our God. 35:3 Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. 35:4 Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompence; he will come and save you. 35:5 Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. 35:6 Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert. 35:7 And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes. 35:8 And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it shall be for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein.

No wicked will be there. 35:9 No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed shall walk there: 35:10 And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

The redeemed will be singing. Note: Now we come to a historical interlude in the book of Isaiah.


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Chapter 36 – The invasion of Judah by Assyria | Hezekiah’s Sickness Sermons: "Mount Zion Vs. The World Power" (Is 36) showing how 144,000 will be completely surrounded and the offer will be given them to surrender. The rest of the world has been conquered. Also connects with Rev 14 and Dan 11. 36:1 Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah, and took them.

In Kings and Chronicles they both had the same story. Chronicles brought out details that Kings and Isaiah didn't bring out. In Chronicles it talks about when the king was coming up and Hezekiah knew he was coming, he fixed the walls and stopped the water supply. But kings brought out that Hezekiah paid a yearly tribute to him unto to this point. Ahaz had been doing it. So he did it for a while and decided not to. (*PO this also shows the principle of how to study and interpret the Bible. You must look up all the passages on the same story/subject in order to get the full and complete picture.) 36:2 And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field.

Chronicles also brought out that Senna stayed to finish off the siege at Lachish with another army. They were confident enough to split the army in two. One army protected the back door while the others went to Jerusalem. 36:3 Then came forth unto him Eliakim, Hilkiah's son, which was over the house, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, Asaph's son, the recorder. 36:4 And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? 36:5 I say, sayest thou, (but they are but vain words) I have counsel and strength for war: now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me?

What is he referring to as rebellion? The fact that he stopped paying the tribute. Could be other things too. They could have heard that Judah was trying to ally with Egypt. 36:6 Lo, thou trustest in the staff of this broken reed, on Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust in him.

They can’t help you. 36:7 But if thou say to me, We trust in the LORD our God: is it not he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar? 36:8 Now therefore give pledges, I pray thee, to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.

“Pledges” – Hostages We will give hostages as proof that you will be loyal and we will keep them in our land.


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36:9 How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? 36:10 And am I now come up without the LORD against this land to destroy it? the LORD said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it. 36:11 Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall. 36:12 But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master and to thee to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you? 36:13 Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great king, the king of Assyria. 36:14 Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you.

He is appealing to the people on the wall, he is trying to stir up rebellion 36:15 Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. 36:16 Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;

This was a strong offer. In ancient history the Assyrians (look up on the net) had the worst reputation of being the most brutal conquerors. They skinned people alive when the people resisted and didn’t' surrender. If they conquered them they tortured them. Surrender seemed wise here. At this time the whole civilized world is under the control of Assyria except in Egypt, but they were next. So how can a little city in Mt. Zion stand against a world power. All of Judah had been destroyed. Jerusalem is the only city in Judah that hasn't been conquered by them at this time. It seems foolish not to take the offer. Rab knew they were not foolish (*PO this also shows how the 144,000 will have to stand against a world power. They will be a little nation surrounded by this power. All of Christianity has been overthrown, and Atheism/ communism would be overthrown too. How can they stand? Daniel 11. How can they not take the advice to surrender. Study! This shows how the literal glorious mountain was entered into by the Babylonian power or spiritual Babylon Point to think about: We see the papacy rising to overthrow the countries or all. When America begins to speak like a dragon they will have already been overthrown by the Papacy..study! You don't see America in any of the prophecies from Daniel 2 up to 11, how do they all of a sudden appear? In 34 AD the literal geographical locations were eliminated, but now you give a literal location.) Isaiah doesn't tell us the speech of Hezekiah, but Chronicles did. “more than us than with him” – He is referring to the host of the armies of heaven. Hezekiah didn't just exercise faith in God without any evidence that this is what God wanted. In Isaiah he prophesied that Assyria would be smitten in 'my land' in Jerusalem. Hezekiah already knows that


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the prophecy is to come to pass at this time. Ref: Isa 31 Assyria will fall with the sword. Is 14:25 Break Assyria in my land. It meant a lot to him that Isaiah was there. 36:17 Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards. 36:18 Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria? 36:19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arphad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?

Then he names the gods. Who are you? What has your God done so far? Every other city in your country is ours except this one, and you'll be next. (*PO this is very important because he names all the others that were conquered. All those who were heathens who worshipped the sun, Allah, Buddha, etc. And even those SDA's who claimed to worship the same creator that you do. Remember don't you believe that the seal of God is seen in the 4th commandment? So did they, but they didn't escape. They were not saved. Who will save you? Every other SDA has been conquered, what has God done for them? You will just be next.) 36:20 Who are they among all the gods of these lands, that have delivered their land out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand? 36:21 But they held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king's commandment was, saying, Answer him not. 36:22 Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.


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Chapter 37 – Hezekiah’s Recovery 37:1 And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD. 37:2 And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests covered with sackcloth, unto Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. 37:3 And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. 37:4 It may be the LORD thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God, and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left. 37:5 So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. 37:6 And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say unto your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.

God is telling Isaiah what to say. 37:7 Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.

This is referring to Senn himself. He told about the rumor. 37:8 So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. 37:9 And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, He is come forth to make war with thee. And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying, 37:10 Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God, in whom thou trustest, deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.

He is saying we will be back. Senn sends a letter. 37:11 Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered? 37:12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed, as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Telassar? 37:13 Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arphad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah? 37:14 And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up unto the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. 37:15 And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying, 37:16 O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth.


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37:17 Incline thine ear, O LORD, and hear; open thine eyes, O LORD, and see: and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent to reproach the living God. 37:18 Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries,

They have laid waste all of the countries. 37:19 And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.

But he is saying they were not god, they were wood, the works of mens hands. 37:20 Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou only. 37:21 Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent unto Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria: 37:22 This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

This one little city will be laughing at you. You can't get it. this was said to the king of Assyria. 37:23 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel. 37:24 By thy servants hast thou reproached the Lord, and hast said, By the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the height of his border, and the forest of his Carmel.

Senn has gone as far as he can go. 37:25 I have digged, and drunk water; and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of the besieged places. 37:26 Hast thou not heard long ago, how I have done it; and of ancient times, that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste defenced cities into ruinous heaps. 37:27 Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded: they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up. 37:28 But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me. 37:29 Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult, is come up into mine ears, therefore will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. 37:30 And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such as groweth of itself; and the second year that which springeth of the same: and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruit thereof. 37:31 And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear


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fruit upward:

A remnant 37:32 For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. 37:33 Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shields, nor cast a bank against it.

They would not get a chance to attack. 37:34 By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the LORD. 37:35 For I will defend this city to save it for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake. 37:36 Then the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.

Ps 35 and 36 speak of this. Senn went back to Assyria. There were two armies one was wiped out one was destroyed. Chronicles showed that many brought gifts to Hezekiah 37:37 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.

*PO Ninevah here. This is where the king went to dwell after his army fell connects with Jonah. 37:38 And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.

Senn was assassinated. His son became king.


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Chapter 38 38:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live.

Hezekiah's get sick. 38:2 Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, 38:3 And said, Remember now, O LORD, I beseech thee, how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. 38:4 Then came the word of the LORD to Isaiah, saying, 38:5 Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add unto thy days fifteen years.

Day equals a year. 38:6 And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria: and I will defend this city. 38:7 And this shall be a sign unto thee from the LORD, that the LORD will do this thing that he hath spoken; 38:8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.

Shadow went back 10 degree's 38:9 The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness: 38:10 I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years. 38:11 I said, I shall not see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world. 38:12 Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 38:13 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 38:14 Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail with looking upward: O LORD, I am oppressed; undertake for me. 38:15 What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul. 38:16 O Lord, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. 38:17 Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption: for thou hast cast all my sins behind thy back.


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38:18 For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth.

He is happy to be alive praising God. I don't want to die, because if I do I cannot praise thee. 38:19 The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: the father to the children shall make known thy truth. 38:20 The LORD was ready to save me: therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of the LORD. 38:21 For Isaiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay it for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover.

Natural remedy was used for the boil. 38:22 Hezekiah also had said, What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of the LORD?


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Chapter 39 39:1 At that time Merodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.

Baladan is not an independent nation at this time. They are still under the control of Assyria. But they can function with some self-government. 39:2 And Hezekiah was glad of them, and shewed them the house of his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. 39:3 Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country unto me, even from Babylon.

Isaiah comes. 39:4 Then said he, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah answered, All that is in mine house have they seen: there is nothing among my treasures that I have not shewed them.

Chronicles said that God tested him and his heart was lifted up. 39:5 Then said Isaiah to Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD of hosts: 39:6 Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD.

This is the prophecy. Hezekiah’s sons would be taken to Babylon. He lost a huge opportunity to witness. The only city not to be overcome. An angel kills 185,000. The sun dial, the healing. They hear it all. And want to know the secret, and he shows them treasure? Note: At this time Babylon was considered the center of advanced knowledge and understanding compared to Ninevah. It was a political move. Transtion in writings. 39:7 And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. 39:8 Then said Hezekiah to Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD which thou hast spoken. He said moreover, For there shall be peace and truth in my days.


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Chapter 40 – Trust in the Infinite God Isaiah 40 to 53 we have 14 chapters that bring out God's divine plan for deliverance and the coming deliverer. And a lot is repeated. We hit high points. 40:1 Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. 40:2 Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the LORD'S hand double for all her sins.

The iniquity is being pardon if they will turn to Him. This is an appeal to them. 40:3 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. 40:4 Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain: 40:5 And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. 40:6 The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: 40:7 The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass. 40:8 The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever. 40:9 O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! 40:10 Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.

His reward is with Him in Rev 22 it is similar. 40:11 He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.

Refers to the messiah. Then we have a lot of descriptions of God's infinite capabilities. 40:12 Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance? 40:13 Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? 40:14 With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding? 40:15 Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance:


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behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing. 40:16 And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering. 40:17 All nations before him are as nothing; and they are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity. 40:18 To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him? 40:19 The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains. 40:20 He that is so impoverished that he hath no oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning workman to prepare a graven image, that shall not be moved. 40:21 Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth? 40:22 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in: 40:23 That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of the earth as vanity. 40:24 Yea, they shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take them away as stubble. 40:25 To whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal? saith the Holy One. 40:26 Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth. 40:27 Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God? 40:28 Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding.

(Doctrine for Sabbath: God never gets weary, why did he rest?) 40:29 He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength. 40:30 Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:

Even a youth in his prime will faint. 40:31 But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.


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Chapter 41 41:1 Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near together to judgment.

He was the source of strength. 41:2 Who raised up the righteous man from the east, called him to his foot, gave the nations before him, and made him rule over kings? he gave them as the dust to his sword, and as driven stubble to his bow.

This refers to the Messiah. 41:3 He pursued them, and passed safely; even by the way that he had not gone with his feet. 41:4 Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he.

The first and last is here quoted in Revelation. 41:5 The isles saw it, and feared; the ends of the earth were afraid, drew near, and came. 41:6 They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother, Be of good courage. 41:7 So the carpenter encouraged the goldsmith, and he that smootheth with the hammer him that smote the anvil, saying, It is ready for the sodering: and he fastened it with nails, that it should not be moved. 41:8 But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend. 41:9 Thou whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and called thee from the chief men thereof, and said unto thee, Thou art my servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away. 41:10 Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness. 41:11 Behold, all they that were incensed against thee shall be ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with thee shall perish.

Speaking of the enemies of truth. They will perish. 41:12 Thou shalt seek them, and shalt not find them, even them that contended with thee: they that war against thee shall be as nothing, and as a thing of nought.

This makes clear that those who perish will be as nothing. They cannot go around and still think. They are gone (Point for state of dead.) 41:13 For I the LORD thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee, Fear not; I will help thee. 41:14 Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. 41:15 Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.


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41:16 Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel. 41:17 When the poor and needy seek water, and there is none, and their tongue faileth for thirst, I the LORD will hear them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them.

Common theme in the prophets. God will take care of the poor and needy. 41:18 I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water. 41:19 I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine, and the box tree together: 41:20 That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of the LORD hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it. 41:21 Produce your cause, saith the LORD; bring forth your strong reasons, saith the King of Jacob. 41:22 Let them bring them forth, and shew us what shall happen: let them shew the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. 41:23 Shew the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods: yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together. 41:24 Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought: an abomination is he that chooseth you. 41:25 I have raised up one from the north, and he shall come: from the rising of the sun shall he call upon my name: and he shall come upon princes as upon morter, and as the potter treadeth clay.

This true one that is coming. He is the true king of the north and He comes from the east. (*PO This connects with Rev the kings of the east and tidings out of the east. What is it? A message from both the north and east. It shows that the King of the North was an anti-christ power. Christ is the true king of the north and the devil is counterfeiting it. How? First with Babylon and now with the papacy.) 41:26 Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say, He is righteous? yea, there is none that sheweth, yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that heareth your words. 41:27 The first shall say to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings. 41:28 For I beheld, and there was no man; even among them, and there was no counsellor, that, when I asked of them, could answer a word. 41:29 Behold, they are all vanity; their works are nothing: their molten images are wind and confusion.


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Chapter 42 It makes it clearer who the Messiah is. It could only be fulfilled in Christ. 42:1 Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.

This is what Christ did. 42:2 He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street. 42:3 A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. 42:4 He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law. 42:5 Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein: 42:6 I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles; 42:7 To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.

This is the work of Jesus. 42:8 I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. 42:9 Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them. 42:10 Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof. 42:11 Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. 42:12 Let them give glory unto the LORD, and declare his praise in the islands. 42:13 The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies. 42:14 I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once. 42:15 I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools. 42:16 And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto


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them, and not forsake them. 42:17 They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our gods. 42:18 Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see. 42:19 Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger that I sent? who is blind as he that is perfect, and blind as the LORD'S servant? 42:20 Seeing many things, but thou observest not; opening the ears, but he heareth not. 42:21 The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will magnify the law, and make it honourable.

Christ magnified the law. 42:22 But this is a people robbed and spoiled; they are all of them snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses: they are for a prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none saith, Restore. 42:23 Who among you will give ear to this? who will hearken and hear for the time to come? 42:24 Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? did not the LORD, he against whom we have sinned? for they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient unto his law. 42:25 Therefore he hath poured upon him the fury of his anger, and the strength of battle: and it hath set him on fire round about, yet he knew not; and it burned him, yet he laid it not to heart.


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Chapter 43 He is talking to Israel here. He is talking to Christ as the Messiah in 42. Now in this chapter he talks to Israel. 43:1 But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine.

Verses 1 through 3 provide a promise to the Jews. The three Hebrews clung to this. 43:2 When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. 43:3 For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee. 43:4 Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. 43:5 Fear not: for I am with thee: I will bring thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west;

Verses 5 to 6 tell us that we have a gathering of all the saved. And it is not just talking about the Jews who are scattered. Is 43:9 ...let all the nations be gathered. 43:6 I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; 43:7 Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him. 43:8 Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears. 43:9 Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the people be assembled: who among them can declare this, and shew us former things? let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified: or let them hear, and say, It is truth. 43:10 Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me.

He is talking to Israel. They were to be the witnesses. 43:11 I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour. 43:12 I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, that I am God. 43:13 Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it?


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43:14 Thus saith the LORD, your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; For your sake I have sent to Babylon, and have brought down all their nobles, and the Chaldeans, whose cry is in the ships. 43:15 I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King. 43:16 Thus saith the LORD, which maketh a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters; 43:17 Which bringeth forth the chariot and horse, the army and the power; they shall lie down together, they shall not rise: they are extinct, they are quenched as tow. 43:18 Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things of old. 43:19 Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. 43:20 The beast of the field shall honour me, the dragons and the owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen. 43:21 This people have I formed for myself; they shall shew forth my praise. 43:22 But thou hast not called upon me, O Jacob; but thou hast been weary of me, O Israel. 43:23 Thou hast not brought me the small cattle of thy burnt offerings; neither hast thou honoured me with thy sacrifices. I have not caused thee to serve with an offering, nor wearied thee with incense. 43:24 Thou hast bought me no sweet cane with money, neither hast thou filled me with the fat of thy sacrifices: but thou hast made me to serve with thy sins, thou hast wearied me with thine iniquities. 43:25 I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake, and will not remember thy sins. 43:26 Put me in remembrance: let us plead together: declare thou, that thou mayest be justified. 43:27 Thy first father hath sinned, and thy teachers have transgressed against me. 43:28 Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and have given Jacob to the curse, and Israel to reproaches.


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Chapter 44 First and the last is mentioned again. 44:1 Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: 44:2 Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen. 44:3 For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring: 44:4 And they shall spring up as among the grass, as willows by the water courses. 44:5 One shall say, I am the LORD'S; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the LORD, and surname himself by the name of Israel. 44:6 Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God. 44:7 And who, as I, shall call, and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things that are coming, and shall come, let them shew unto them. 44:8 Fear ye not, neither be afraid: have not I told thee from that time, and have declared it? ye are even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no God; I know not any. 44:9 They that make a graven image are all of them vanity; and their delectable things shall not profit; and they are their own witnesses; they see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed. 44:10 Who hath formed a god, or molten a graven image that is profitable for nothing? 44:11 Behold, all his fellows shall be ashamed: and the workmen, they are of men: let them all be gathered together, let them stand up; yet they shall fear, and they shall be ashamed together. 44:12 The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with the strength of his arms: yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth: he drinketh no water, and is faint.

In verses 12 and 13 Isaiah is describing how these people make an idol and serve it. 44:13 The carpenter stretcheth out his rule; he marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with planes, and he marketh it out with the compass, and maketh it after the figure of a man, according to the beauty of a man; that it may remain in the house. 44:14 He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the cypress and the oak, which he strengtheneth for himself among the trees of the forest: he planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. 44:15 Then shall it be for a man to burn: for he will take thereof, and warm himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread; yea, he maketh a god, and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image, and falleth down thereto. 44:16 He burneth part thereof in the fire; with part thereof he eateth flesh; he roasteth roast, and is satisfied: yea, he warmeth himself, and saith, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire:


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44:17 And the residue thereof he maketh a god, even his graven image: he falleth down unto it, and worshippeth it, and prayeth unto it, and saith, Deliver me; for thou art my god.

He made the image himself and then is crying to save me. He is showing the foolishness of it. 44:18 They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. 44:19 And none considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea, also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? shall I fall down to the stock of a tree? 44:20 He feedeth on ashes: a deceived heart hath turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, Is there not a lie in my right hand? 44:21 Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of me. 44:22 I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions, and, as a cloud, thy sins: return unto me; for I have redeemed thee. 44:23 Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it: shout, ye lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein: for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel. 44:24 Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; 44:25 That frustrateth the tokens of the liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish; 44:26 That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that saith to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built, and I will raise up the decayed places thereof: 44:27 That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers:

In verses 27 to 28 God is saying how He will dry up the rivers but He would use Cyrus as His tool to do it. But God was actually doing it. This is a type of drying up the Euphrates and establish spiritual Jerusalem from Revelation. 44:28 That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid.


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Chapter 45 This chapter is about the futility of idolatry compared to the sovereign infinite God. 45:1 Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;

This happened in the conquering of Babylon. The gates of the palace. 45:2 I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron:

He was leading the way for him. 45:3 And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, the LORD, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel.

God wanted to save Cyrus too. 45:4 For Jacob my servant's sake, and Israel mine elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me. 45:5 I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me: 45:6 That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else. 45:7 I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things.

In verses 5 to 7 God is not saying He is evil or made evil. He is saying that everything that happens is under my authority. The freedom of choice that I allow, evil happens. It wouldn't happen if I didn't allow it. Everything that exists can only exist if I give it permission. You may think that the devil is in charge of evil. He is not I am. I am responsible, I will take care of the problem, but I am giving you time to choose. God is taking responsibility over taking care of it. He is not responsible for causing evil. But because of the GC he lets it happen. 45:8 Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness: let the earth open, and let them bring forth salvation, and let righteousness spring up together; I the LORD have created it. 45:9 Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands? 45:10 Woe unto him that saith unto his father, What begettest thou? or to the woman, What hast thou brought forth? 45:11 Thus saith the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, and his Maker, Ask me of things to come concerning my sons, and concerning the work of my hands command ye me. 45:12 I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded.


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45:13 I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts. 45:14 Thus saith the LORD, The labour of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God. 45:15 Verily thou art a God that hidest thyself, O God of Israel, the Saviour. 45:16 They shall be ashamed, and also confounded, all of them: they shall go to confusion together that are makers of idols. 45:17 But Israel shall be saved in the LORD with an everlasting salvation: ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end. 45:18 For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else. 45:19 I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right. 45:20 Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are escaped of the nations: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image, and pray unto a god that cannot save. 45:21 Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me. 45:22 Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else. 45:23 I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.

Paul quotes this in Phil 2:10-11 45:24 Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed. 45:25 In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.


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Chapter 46 This chapter is about the futility of idolatry compared to the sovereign infinite God. 46:1 Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth, their idols were upon the beasts, and upon the cattle: your carriages were heavy loaden; they are a burden to the weary beast.

This is referring to pagan gods here. 46:2 They stoop, they bow down together; they could not deliver the burden, but themselves are gone into captivity.

They could not deliver the burden from people and the idols went into captivity with them. The pagan gods could not protect them from Cyrus. 46:3 Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, which are borne by me from the belly, which are carried from the womb: 46:4 And even to your old age I am he; and even to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; even I will carry, and will deliver you. 46:5 To whom will ye liken me, and make me equal, and compare me, that we may be like? 46:6 They lavish gold out of the bag, and weigh silver in the balance, and hire a goldsmith; and he maketh it a god: they fall down, yea, they worship.

His god is so powerful that the next verse says 46:7 They bear him upon the shoulder, they carry him, and set him in his place, and he standeth; from his place shall he not remove: yea, one shall cry unto him, yet can he not answer, nor save him out of his trouble.

The humans have to carry him. The idol is dependent on the human to carry it. Once the idol is set up it can't go anywhere else. And Isaiah is bringing out the futility of idol worship. They are nothing. Then we see the contrast. 46:8 Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors. 46:9 Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me,

God is saying that no one can compare with Him. 46:10 Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure:

God is the only one who can declare the end from the beginning. PP 43 She quotes this and says the past, present, and future is spread out before God the same way that we can look at the pass in a book. He can do it with reality. God is not limited in anyway, not even by time. This is an attempt to put in human language things that are beyond human language. 46:11 Calling a ravenous bird from the east, the man that executeth my counsel from a far country: yea, I


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have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it.

If God says it will happen, it will happen. 46:12 Hearken unto me, ye stouthearted, that are far from righteousness: 46:13 I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be far off, and my salvation shall not tarry: and I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory.


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Chapter 47 Doctrine: Hell's fire: Isaiah 47:14 the wicked will be like stubble. The fire will burn until it is completely out. This is about the fall of Babylon again. 47:1 Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate. 47:2 Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers. 47:3 Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and I will not meet thee as a man. 47:4 As for our redeemer, the LORD of hosts is his name, the Holy One of Israel. 47:5 Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, The lady of kingdoms. 47:6 I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.

God is explaining for Babylon's benefit. (this is literal Babylon, but we know it has future significance.) This is all future. Judah is still in tact and Babylon is not a world power yet. God is saying that I needed to punish my people, but you were without mercy. *PO Even while punishing God shows mercy. 47:7 And thou saidst, I shall be a lady for ever: so that thou didst not lay these things to thy heart, neither didst remember the latter end of it.

Lady here means a queen of the nations. Nebuchad tried to lift himself up and was humbled. Belte didn't learn from his grandfathers experience. So he lifted himself up. 47:8 Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:

God is the only one who can say this. He is showing that this was the attitude that he Babylonians had. (*PO shows the figure of the anti-christ) 47:9 But these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy sorceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments.

This language is used in Rev 18. her plagues came in one day. John uses Isaiah again. Note: Isaiah is the most quoted book in the NT. Jesus even quoted more from Isaiah than any other book. Their sins are pointed out here 'sorceries' (Rev 18 too) 47:10 For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness: thou hast said, None seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath perverted thee; and thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me.


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Trusted in wickedness. 47:11 Therefore shall evil come upon thee; thou shalt not know from whence it riseth: and mischief shall fall upon thee; thou shalt not be able to put it off: and desolation shall come upon thee suddenly, which thou shalt not know. 47:12 Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein thou hast laboured from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail. 47:13 Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let now the astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee.

This points out: Astrology, fortune tellers, etc. And because of all this wickedness and not having mercy. 47:14 Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it.

Hell's fire: The fires of destruction go out when they finish there job. We have fire consuming their and in the end there is no warm coal. With the prophecy of Babylon being destroyed. Chapter 48 brings a new change to repent. 47:15 Thus shall they be unto thee with whom thou hast laboured, even thy merchants, from thy youth: they shall wander every one to his quarter; none shall save thee.


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Chapter 48 48:1 Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of Israel, and are come forth out of the waters of Judah, which swear by the name of the LORD, and make mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth, nor in righteousness. 48:2 For they call themselves of the holy city, and stay themselves upon the God of Israel; The LORD of hosts is his name. 48:3 I have declared the former things from the beginning; and they went forth out of my mouth, and I shewed them; I did them suddenly, and they came to pass. 48:4 Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass; 48:5 I have even from the beginning declared it to thee; before it came to pass I shewed it thee: lest thou shouldest say, Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them. 48:6 Thou hast heard, see all this; and will not ye declare it? I have shewed thee new things from this time, even hidden things, and thou didst not know them. 48:7 They are created now, and not from the beginning; even before the day when thou heardest them not; lest thou shouldest say, Behold, I knew them. 48:8 Yea, thou heardest not; yea, thou knewest not; yea, from that time that thine ear was not opened: for I knew that thou wouldest deal very treacherously, and wast called a transgressor from the womb. 48:9 For my name's sake will I defer mine anger, and for my praise will I refrain for thee, that I cut thee not off. 48:10 Behold, I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction.

“refined” – He sent them into captivity under Babylon. Judah was in exile to be educated. BC – Comment from SOP about the furnace of affliction. God is always using it all the time with all of His children. Depending on how we respond to God's teachings may determine what type of affliction we have to face. 48:11 For mine own sake, even for mine own sake, will I do it: for how should my name be polluted? and I will not give my glory unto another. 48:12 Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called; I am he; I am the first, I also am the last. 48:13 Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I call unto them, they stand up together. 48:14 All ye, assemble yourselves, and hear; which among them hath declared these things? The LORD hath loved him: he will do his pleasure on Babylon, and his arm shall be on the Chaldeans. 48:15 I, even I, have spoken; yea, I have called him: I have brought him, and he shall make his way prosperous. 48:16 Come ye near unto me, hear ye this; I have not spoken in secret from the beginning; from the time that it was, there am I: and now the Lord GOD, and his Spirit, hath sent me.


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48:17 Thus saith the LORD, thy Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; I am the LORD thy God which teacheth thee to profit, which leadeth thee by the way that thou shouldest go. 48:18 O that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments! then had thy peace been as a river, and thy righteousness as the waves of the sea: 48:19 Thy seed also had been as the sand, and the offspring of thy bowels like the gravel thereof; his name should not have been cut off nor destroyed from before me. 48:20 Go ye forth of Babylon, flee ye from the Chaldeans, with a voice of singing declare ye, tell this, utter it even to the end of the earth; say ye, The LORD hath redeemed his servant Jacob.

Go tell the people the truth. 48:21 And they thirsted not when he led them through the deserts: he caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them: he clave the rock also, and the waters gushed out. 48:22 There is no peace, saith the LORD, unto the wicked.


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Chapter 49 49:1 Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The LORD hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name. 49:2 And he hath made my mouth like a sharp sword; in the shadow of his hand hath he hid me, and made me a polished shaft; in his quiver hath he hid me;

“sharp sword” – This refers to the Messiah and it is seen in Revelation 1. He had a two edged sword. 49:3 And said unto me, Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified.

The children of Israel was set free from Babylon, they were to be God's servant to glorify God. 49:4 Then I said, I have laboured in vain, I have spent my strength for nought, and in vain: yet surely my judgment is with the LORD, and my work with my God. 49:5 And now, saith the LORD that formed me from the womb to be his servant, to bring Jacob again to him, Though Israel be not gathered, yet shall I be glorious in the eyes of the LORD, and my God shall be my strength. 49:6 And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth.

This is not limited to the Messiah. This refers to Israel too. They were to be a light to the gentiles too. Both they and the Messiah. When they were set free they had the opportunity to fulfill all that they were to fulfill from the beginning. 49:7 Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee. 49:8 Thus saith the LORD, In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages; 49:9 That thou mayest say to the prisoners, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Shew yourselves. They shall feed in the ways, and their pastures shall be in all high places. 49:10 They shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun smite them: for he that hath mercy on them shall lead them, even by the springs of water shall he guide them. 49:11 And I will make all my mountains a way, and my highways shall be exalted. 49:12 Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim. 49:13 Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted. 49:14 But Zion said, The LORD hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath forgotten me.


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49:15 Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. 49:16 Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls are continually before me. 49:17 Thy children shall make haste; thy destroyers and they that made thee waste shall go forth of thee. 49:18 Lift up thine eyes round about, and behold: all these gather themselves together, and come to thee. As I live, saith the LORD, thou shalt surely clothe thee with them all, as with an ornament, and bind them on thee, as a bride doeth. 49:19 For thy waste and thy desolate places, and the land of thy destruction, shall even now be too narrow by reason of the inhabitants, and they that swallowed thee up shall be far away. 49:20 The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell. 49:21 Then shalt thou say in thine heart, Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro? and who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone; these, where had they been? 49:22 Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. 49:23 And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me. 49:24 Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive delivered? 49:25 But thus saith the LORD, Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: for I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, and I will save thy children.

This chapter covers Israel's opportunity to be a light to the gentiles and to fulfill righteousness. The most terrible prey is the devil. This is saying that the prey will be delivered from satan. 49:26 And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as with sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.


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Chapter 50 50:1 Thus saith the LORD, Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away. 50:2 Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was there none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because there is no water, and dieth for thirst. 50:3 I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. 50:4 The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned. 50:5 The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. 50:6 I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.

This is a messianic verse. All throughout the passages expressions are in here, which Christ fulfilled with the plan of Israel being the true witnesses for the world. It is in the context of the Messiah being there because He will bring it to its final pinnacle of what the witness is suppose to be to the whole world at the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. 50:7 For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed. 50:8 He is near that justifieth me; who will contend with me? let us stand together: who is mine adversary? let him come near to me. 50:9 Behold, the Lord GOD will help me; who is he that shall condemn me? lo, they all shall wax old as a garment; the moth shall eat them up. 50:10 Who is among you that feareth the LORD, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light? let him trust in the name of the LORD, and stay upon his God. 50:11 Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow.


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Chapter 51 51:1 Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged. 51:2 Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him. 51:3 For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody. 51:4 Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my judgment to rest for a light of the people. 51:5 My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust. 51:6 Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished. 51:7 Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid of their revilings. 51:8 For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my salvation from generation to generation. 51:9 Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon? 51:10 Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over? 51:11 Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away. 51:12 I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass; 51:13 And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury of the oppressor? 51:14 The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail. 51:15 But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name. 51:16 And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people.


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"Zion, Thou [art] my people" – This verse brings out that the Zion is equivalent to God's people. it is a metaphor for God's people and in the new testament it refers to Spiritual Israel. 51:17 Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out. 51:18 There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up. 51:19 These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee? 51:20 Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God. 51:21 Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine: 51:22 Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again: 51:23 But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.


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Chapter 52 52:1 Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean. 52:2 Shake thyself from the dust; arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion. 52:3 For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; and ye shall be redeemed without money. 52:4 For thus saith the Lord GOD, My people went down aforetime into Egypt to sojourn there; and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause. 52:5 Now therefore, what have I here, saith the LORD, that my people is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, saith the LORD; and my name continually every day is blasphemed. 52:6 Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I. 52:7 How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth! 52:8 Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when the LORD shall bring again Zion. 52:9 Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem: for the LORD hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem. 52:10 The LORD hath made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God. 52:11 Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the LORD. 52:12 For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the LORD will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rereward. 52:13 Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.

This is where we begin with the passage of Isaiah 53. It is referred to as the Messianic prophecy of Christ's crucifixion. “servant” – This refers to the Messiah. This is one passage that Christ was asking a lot of questions about when Christ was in the temple at the age of 12. The Jews didn't quite understand this. 52:14 As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men:

"his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: " – After the fast in the wilderness from that point on he looked marred. He looked like he nearly starved to death. Before the wilderness He looked healthy afterwards He needed to build up His


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strength again. 52:15 So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider.


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Chapter 53 Note: SOP says this whole passage should be committed to memory because when ever pride tries to creep up in our hearts, this chapter will keep us humble. 53:1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? 53:2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.

"he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, [there is] no beauty that we should desire him" 7A 1147

This is not about his physical appearance as far as His face is concerned, but it was specifically about how He dressed. His appearance showed He was a poor humble and common man. She says it has to do with Him not having any outward display. 53:3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. 53:4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.

He bore our grief by taking our nature. This chapter supports the view that He took on our fallen nature. This is one way He bore our grief. This can apply to physical or mental pain, but in the context it is dealing with physical. Mental was already mentioned. As we examine Matthew 8:14-17, the author under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit applies Isaiah 53:4 to the miracles that Christ wrought, thus giving us a living illustration of what type of nature Jesus Christ possesses. Notice the passage: Matt 8:16-17 [17] When the even was come, they brought unto him many that were possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with [his] word, and healed all that were sick: [17] That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare [our] sicknesses.

Infirmities – This describes the physical condition of an individual. This shows clearly that Christ took our physical and weak nature. See Lev 12:2; Luke 13:11,12; John5:5-9. Infirmity is used in relation to our physical condition. How did He bare or carry our sins? Not just on the cross when He died, but He carried them in His sinful human nature. This is describing His hereditary traits of sin, that is the only way He could carry our sins. Sicknesses – This is not describing Him taking sicknesses such as the flu, diabetes, leprosy, etc. This is describing our nature. We are sinners. 53:5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.


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53:6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

This chapter comes to a clear picture of the Messiah and His work. It is one of the clearest pictures. The Jews were to study this to understand the sacrificial services. 53:7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

He had no self defense at this trial. His example is what we should follow. 53:8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken.

Describes His death. 53:9 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.

This was fulfilled by Him having the tomb of Joseph of Armathea. 53:10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. 53:11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.

Justification is central to the cross. 53:12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

This was fulfilled by Him being crucified with the thieves.


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Chapter 54 4BC 1148 All the fifty-fourth chapter of Isaiah is applicable to the people of God, and every specification of the prophecy will be fulfilled.

But she doesn't give detail to what this prophecy is. You must study it to see. 54:1 Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD. 54:2 Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes; 54:3 For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited.

Israel was to include the gentiles. They were always to include the gentiles. 54:4 Fear not; for thou shalt not be ashamed: neither be thou confounded; for thou shalt not be put to shame: for thou shalt forget the shame of thy youth, and shalt not remember the reproach of thy widowhood any more. 54:5 For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called. 54:6 For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit, and a wife of youth, when thou wast refused, saith thy God. 54:7 For a small moment have I forsaken thee; but with great mercies will I gather thee. 54:8 In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer.

This refers to being tested by adversity and trouble where it seems like God is allowing us to be taken advantage of. During the 7 last plagues it will seem as if God has left us to the wicked. But the promise is that HE will gather us. 4BC 1148 Are these words of comfort spoken to those who are making void the law of God? No, no, the promise is for those who amid general apostasy, keep the commandments of God, and lift up the moral standard before the eyes of the world who have forsaken the ordinance, and broken the everlasting covenant [Isa. 54:9-13 quoted] (RH Aug. 20, 1895). {.3}"

This shows the end time context. 54:9 For this is as the waters of Noah unto me: for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth; so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. 54:10 For the mountains shall depart, and the hills be removed; but my kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall the covenant of my peace be removed, saith the LORD that hath mercy on thee. 54:11 O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.


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54:12 And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. 54:13 And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great shall be the peace of thy children. 54:14 In righteousness shalt thou be established: thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: and from terror; for it shall not come near thee. 54:15 Behold, they shall surely gather together, but not by me: whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake. 54:16 Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the waster to destroy. 54:17 No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their righteousness is of me, saith the LORD.

This is for commandment keepers only, and this verse goes with V.7-8 during the seven last plagues.


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Chapter 55 The theme of this chapter is salvation for everyone. 55:1 Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.

Living water is for everybody. 55:2 Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness. 55:3 Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. 55:4 Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people. 55:5 Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the LORD thy God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for he hath glorified thee.

This verse shows that it does not just apply to Israel. Nations were to come to Israel. They were to win the world. And them coming was a way of winning them to God. 55:6 Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near:

Everyone was to call on Him. The OT was not just for the Jews. This verse shows that the invitation all through the OT was for everyone. 55:7 Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts: and let him return unto the LORD, and he will have mercy upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

This is for everyone. 55:8 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. 55:9 For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. 55:10 For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: 55:11 So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.

If God says His word will not return unto Him void, does this mean that a person teaching error can be used by God to help others find truth? YES! The Holy Spirit can work on the heart of the listener despite of the speaker if they are sharing the Word of God. If you know someone in apostasy and is preaching and people are having conversion experiences, don't write them off. They can experience conversion. They ones who are sincere can find the truth even among the error. Those who listen to error can be converted. 55:12 For ye shall go out with joy, and be led forth with peace: the mountains and the hills shall break


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forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands. 55:13 Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.


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Chapter 56 – Sabbath for the Gentiles IMPORTANT CHAPTER! (Good for crusade sermon!). This chapter tells us that the Sabbath was for the gentiles. (Objection: Sabbath was for Jews) 56:1 Thus saith the LORD, Keep ye judgment, and do justice: for my salvation is near to come, and my righteousness to be revealed. 56:2 Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the son of man that layeth hold on it; that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil. 56:3 Neither let the son of the stranger, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying, The LORD hath utterly separated me from his people: neither let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. 56:4 For thus saith the LORD unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; 56:5 Even unto them will I give in mine house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. 56:6 Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant;

The strangers here could have been translated foreigners. It referred to anyone who was not a Jew. “keepeth the Sabbath” – You have foreigners coming in and keeping the Sabbath. 56:7 Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people.

Gentiles will be brought to His holy mountain. (*PO Connects with glorious holy mountain in Daniel 11 study!) (*PO Jesus refers to this passage too.) “his house” – This refers to His temple. PK 46 Had Israel remained true to God, this glorious building would have stood forever, a perpetual sign of God's especial favor to His chosen people.

This shows that if Israel would have accepted Christ, then some things that are in Revelation now would not have been needed. There would have been a different end. The principles would have been the same but the details would have been different. This is why God didn't give Revelation in the OT. He was waiting to give His people a chance to fulfill it in a way that He could have fulfilled it on earth. 56:8 The Lord GOD which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith, Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gathered unto him.

This is another reference to Gentiles coming in. A gathering in literal Israel today couldn't be fulfilled. Only Jews are being gathered. They are not being gathered to accept the Messiah.


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56:9 All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in the forest. 56:10 His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. 56:11 Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. 56:12 Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant.


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Chapter 57 Sermons: 1.) "Children of Light" Based on Mystery of God and then come to Is 57 & 58 2.) "Why the 2300 days were sealed" A sermon to preach in another denomination. You could connect with Daniel 2 then show how Methodist, Baptist, etc were God's true people, but He wanted to take them a step further to make up the 7th day Adventist. You could also connect with Prophetic Guidance showing how the SDA's originated Study! Theme of Isaiah: Gathering of the World through Israel We have many things happening with the gentiles coming in and worshipping on the Sabbath. But during this time Israel reached the reign of Manasseh and they turned to wickedness. This is a plea to return to God. 57:1 The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart: and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil to come. 57:2 He shall enter into peace: they shall rest in their beds, each one walking in his uprightness. 57:3 But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore. 57:4 Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood, 57:5 Enflaming yourselves with idols under every green tree, slaying the children in the valleys under the clifts of the rocks? 57:6 Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion; they, they are thy lot: even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering. Should I receive comfort in these? 57:7 Upon a lofty and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up to offer sacrifice. 57:8 Behind the doors also and the posts hast thou set up thy remembrance: for thou hast discovered thyself to another than me, and art gone up; thou hast enlarged thy bed, and made thee a covenant with them; thou lovedst their bed where thou sawest it. 57:9 And thou wentest to the king with ointment, and didst increase thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase thyself even unto hell. 57:10 Thou art wearied in the greatness of thy way; yet saidst thou not, There is no hope: thou hast found the life of thine hand; therefore thou wast not grieved. 57:11 And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy heart? have not I held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not? 57:12 I will declare thy righteousness, and thy works; for they shall not profit thee. 57:13 When thou criest, let thy companies deliver thee; but the wind shall carry them all away; vanity shall take them: but he that putteth his trust in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy mountain; 57:14 And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the way, take up the stumblingblock out of the way of


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my people.

It would take a lot of work to counteract evil influences in the land. 57:15 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.

A contrite one is one who sees His true condition and throws everything at the feet of God. (*PO connects with RBF! This shows how God will dwell in our bodily temples.) 57:16 For I will not contend for ever, neither will I be always wroth: for the spirit should fail before me, and the souls which I have made. 57:17 For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart. 57:18 I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners. 57:19 I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him. 57:20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

They can't face their true conditions, they deny, they run away and there is no peace. 57:21 There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.

In this condition they must be aroused by a clear message. The next chapter continues with.


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Chapter 58 – Sabbath Reform & The True Fast 58:1 Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins.

Before it is too late they need to be awakened. 4BC 1149 The whole chapter is applicable to those who are living in this period of the earth's history. Consider this chapter attentively; for it will be fulfilled (MS 36, 1897.)

Note: This is the most important chapter 58:2 Yet they seek me daily, and delight to know my ways, as a nation that did righteousness, and forsook not the ordinance of their God: they ask of me the ordinances of justice; they take delight in approaching to God.

In verse 1 these people need to be aroused and that they are in sin. But they profess to follow Him. They think they are ok. They enjoy their religious services. 58:3 Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not? wherefore have we afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure, and exact all your labours.

They are complaining that God doesn't notice their piety. The pleasure here implies that in the same day they have their religious services, they then go out and follow their own pleasure. Piety in the church and then go to the game. And then go to church and be pious again. “exact all your labors” – Those who work under you, you are precise not to pay them one dime more than what they do. They are penny pinchers. They are selfish in business. They are penny pinchers when they should be generous. 58:4 Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high. 58:5 Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD?

God asks is this the kind of fast that I want? When you put on a show of afflicting your? No When they afflict their souls like this, the outward forms seems right, but there is a difference. By exacting your labors and going out for your pleasures afterwards shows that it is a form. The next verse contrasts it. 58:6 Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?

Don't loiter over your servants, employees, your renters if you are a land lord? 58:7 Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh?

If you see someone hungry, feed them, don't be worried about your bank book. This is true religion! Bring the poor to your house. When we give the 3 angels messages we must include this in our


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witness. Why is this left out? Why are we afraid to do this? 58:8 Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward.

Visible righteousness is shown by visible acts of Love. And according to this verse. Our light won't break forth if we are ignoring the poor and the hungry. No matter how much doctrine we share. (*PO connects with Eph 5 walk as children of light.) Note: 3 pages of comments on this chapter. Good material for a sermon! What is being described here is the Laodicean condition. 58:9 Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity; 58:10 And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noonday:

“rise in obscurity” 4BC 1151 Many are in obscurity. They have lost their bearings. They know not what course to pursue. Let the perplexed ones search out others who are in perplexity, and speak to them words of hope and encouragement. When they begin to do this work, the light of heaven will reveal to them the path that they should follow. By their words of consolation to the afflicted they themselves will be consoled. By helping others, they themselves will be helped out of their difficulties. Joy takes the place of sadness and gloom. The heart, filled with the Spirit of God, glows with warmth toward every fellow being. Every such an one is no longer in darkness; for his "darkness" is "as the noon day" (MS 116, 1902). Your discouragement will turn to light, and you know more clearly how God will lead you. 58:11 And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. 58:12 And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in. 4BC 1152 Where do we find the people who are thus addressed? Who is it that shall build the old waste places, and raise up the foundation of many generations? Where are the people who have had light from heaven to see that a breach has been made in the law of God? This angel is seen flying in the midst of heaven, "saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead or in his hand, the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb. . . . Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.

When you build up the old waste places you revive truths that have been lost and obscured. When you repair the breach you fulfill the gap that has been left out of Gods' law. 58:13 If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words:

This verse shows what must be done to repair the breach. It points to the Sabbath


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58:14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

You can have pleasure on the Sabbath, but it must be done God's way not your own. This is the work of the three angels messages. Israel and Laodecia are not ready to do this work. There is a problem. That is why the next verse says..


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Chapter 59 59:1 Behold, the LORD'S hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear:

God is pleading for them to forsake sins. 59:2 But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear.

Sin is causing a barrier and so the work cannot be finished. The rest of the chapter points out the sinfulness of the people. 59:3 For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered perverseness. 59:4 None calleth for justice, nor any pleadeth for truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity. 59:5 They hatch cockatrice' eggs, and weave the spider's web: he that eateth of their eggs dieth, and that which is crushed breaketh out into a viper. 59:6 Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands. 59:7 Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths. 59:8 The way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace. 59:9 Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in darkness. 59:10 We grope for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if we had no eyes: we stumble at noonday as in the night; we are in desolate places as dead men. 59:11 We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us. 59:12 For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them; 59:13 In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. 59:14 And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter.

This is during Manasseh's reign. 59:15 Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment.


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59:16 And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him. 59:17 For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke. 59:18 According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay, fury to his adversaries, recompence to his enemies; to the islands he will repay recompence. 59:19 So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him.

This is a promise to remember. The term flood is how the enemies are pictured in Revelation. And the Euphrates river too. But holding up the standard will cause the drying up of Euphrates and Babylon will not be supported anymore. 59:20 And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD. 59:21 As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.


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Chapter 60 – A Light to the Gentiles Chapters 60 to 62 speak about the light to the Gentiles 60:1 Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee.

Just as stars shine at His command. God's people are to reveal His light. 60:2 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

People are relying on philosophy and tradition and new age theories that are of a spiritualistic nature. Darkness was seen during the time of Christ and it is being seen today. 60:3 And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.

In Christ's time the gentiles came to Christ. We saw that under the early rain with the early church and we will see it again under the latter rain. 60:4 Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side. 60:5 Then thou shalt see, and flow together, and thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee, the forces of the Gentiles shall come unto thee.

Forces could have been translated 'wealth'. When they join the truth their means will come to Israel. Verses 6 to 9 describes all they will bring. 60:6 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring gold and incense; and they shall shew forth the praises of the LORD. 60:7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory. 60:8 Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? 60:9 Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath glorified thee.

“glorified thee” – This was referring to literal Israel. If they would have been faithful they would have been glorified before the nations of the earth and the gentiles would have brought all of their wealth to Israel. 60:10 And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee.

The gentiles would help repair the breach. They would finance the spreading of truth. This will be fulfilled with spiritual Israel under the falling of the Latter rain. 60:11 Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought.


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“thy gates shall be open continually” – Which gates? The gates of Jerusalem. GC 19 Jerusalem could have stood forever. If Israel would have been faithful and God could have set up His messianic kingdom there would have been a different ending. COL 232 Jerusalem could have been the missionary center of the world. 60:12 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted.

This will be fulfilled with the falling of the latter rain. After it reaches a peak This corresponds with the close of probation. This will be fulfilled by people coming in at the end. 60:13 The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. 60:14 The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel. 60:15 Whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations. 60:16 Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. 60:17 For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness. 60:18 Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise. 60:19 The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.

Now we are in the new earth or heaven. 60:20 Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the LORD shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended. 60:21 Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified.

Inherit the land. 60:22 A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation: I the LORD will hasten it in his time.


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Chapter 61 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

People in this world are captives to their fallen nature and false theories. This is what Jesus quoted about Himself and His work. This is also our work. 61:2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; 61:3 To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.

God doesn’t want a bunch of mourners. When you accept the truth it will bring liberty, gladness, and praise for God. Then when you are on fire. The next verse will come true. (PO Doctrine = People equal trees) 61:4 And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations.

When people stop mourning over everything. Then they can finish the work. 61:5 And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. 61:6 But ye shall be named the Priests of the LORD: men shall call you the Ministers of our God: ye shall eat the riches of the Gentiles, and in their glory shall ye boast yourselves. 61:7 For your shame ye shall have double; and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion: therefore in their land they shall possess the double: everlasting joy shall be unto them. 61:8 For I the LORD love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them. 61:9 And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them, that they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed. 61:10 I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. 61:11 For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations.


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Chapter 62 62:1 For Zion's sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. 62:2 And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name.

This refers to the people who finish the work. God will give us a new name. 62:3 Thou shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD, and a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. 62:4 Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah: for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. 62:5 For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee. 62:6 I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall never hold their peace day nor night: ye that make mention of the LORD, keep not silence, 62:7 And give him no rest, till he establish, and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth. 62:8 The LORD hath sworn by his right hand, and by the arm of his strength, Surely I will no more give thy corn to be meat for thine enemies; and the sons of the stranger shall not drink thy wine, for the which thou hast laboured: 62:9 But they that have gathered it shall eat it, and praise the LORD; and they that have brought it together shall drink it in the courts of my holiness. 62:10 Go through, go through the gates; prepare ye the way of the people; cast up, cast up the highway; gather out the stones; lift up a standard for the people. 62:11 Behold, the LORD hath proclaimed unto the end of the world, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. 62:12 And they shall call them, The holy people, The redeemed of the LORD: and thou shalt be called, Sought out, A city not forsaken.


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Chapter 63 Here we have Edom and Bozra mentioned again. In Chapter 34 Idumea or Edom and Bozra where symbols of the wicked being destroyed. Chapters 63-66 – Establishment of God's glorious kingdom. 63:1 Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save. 63:2 Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat? 63:3 I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment.

(*PO Connects with Revelation 19) 63:4 For the day of vengeance is in mine heart, and the year of my redeemed is come.

In the day of vengeance there is judgment for the wicked; and salvation for the redeemed. Here we see blood shed and destruction in the beginning, but He isn't trying to scare people into heaven. At the end we see an appeal being made. 63:5 And I looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that there was none to uphold: therefore mine own arm brought salvation unto me; and my fury, it upheld me. 63:6 And I will tread down the people in mine anger, and make them drunk in my fury, and I will bring down their strength to the earth. 63:7 I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the LORD, and the praises of the LORD, according to all that the LORD hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses. 63:8 For he said, Surely they are my people, children that will not lie: so he was their Saviour. 63:9 In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and he bare them, and carried them all the days of old.

When He had to afflict His people, it hurt Him too. But He knew He had to do it. God smites to heal. 63:10 But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them. 63:11 Then he remembered the days of old, Moses, and his people, saying, Where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the shepherd of his flock? where is he that put his holy Spirit within him? 63:12 That led them by the right hand of Moses with his glorious arm, dividing the water before them, to make himself an everlasting name? 63:13 That led them through the deep, as an horse in the wilderness, that they should not stumble? 63:14 As a beast goeth down into the valley, the Spirit of the LORD caused him to rest: so didst thou lead


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thy people, to make thyself a glorious name. 63:15 Look down from heaven, and behold from the habitation of thy holiness and of thy glory: where is thy zeal and thy strength, the sounding of thy bowels and of thy mercies toward me? are they restrained? 63:16 Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O LORD, art our father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting. 63:17 O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants' sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. 63:18 The people of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while: our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary. 63:19 We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.


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Chapter 64 This is a prayer for transformation and deliverance. 64:1 Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might flow down at thy presence, 64:2 As when the melting fire burneth, the fire causeth the waters to boil, to make thy name known to thine adversaries, that the nations may tremble at thy presence! 64:3 When thou didst terrible things which we looked not for, thou camest down, the mountains flowed down at thy presence. 64:4 For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him. 64:5 Thou meetest him that rejoiceth and worketh righteousness, those that remember thee in thy ways: behold, thou art wroth; for we have sinned: in those is continuance, and we shall be saved. 64:6 But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away.

This shows that in and of ourselves we have not goodness. 64:7 And there is none that calleth upon thy name, that stirreth up himself to take hold of thee: for thou hast hid thy face from us, and hast consumed us, because of our iniquities.

The desire to follow God is not naturally within us. The desire to follow God is not within us. (*Po shows we can't bring ourselves to God and say later I will come.) 64:8 But now, O LORD, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand.

If we look at God like this. We accept that He knows what is best and we can trust Him. A potter can't mold clay that is not in His hand. We must yield so He can shape us. (*PO This explains Dan 2 miry clay and potters clay) 64:9 Be not wroth very sore, O LORD, neither remember iniquity for ever: behold, see, we beseech thee, we are all thy people. 64:10 Thy holy cities are a wilderness, Zion is a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation. 64:11 Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised thee, is burned up with fire: and all our pleasant things are laid waste. 64:12 Wilt thou refrain thyself for these things, O LORD? wilt thou hold thy peace, and afflict us very sore?


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Chapter 65 This chapter shows God rebuking Israel and then God accepting them. 65:1 I am sought of them that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name. 65:2 I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts;

They walk in their own ways even though His hands are spread out. 65:3 A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick; 65:4 Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

These things are happening during the reign of Manasseh. 65:5 Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day. 65:6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, even recompense into their bosom, 65:7 Your iniquities, and the iniquities of your fathers together, saith the LORD, which have burned incense upon the mountains, and blasphemed me upon the hills: therefore will I measure their former work into their bosom. 65:8 Thus saith the LORD, As the new wine is found in the cluster, and one saith, Destroy it not; for a blessing is in it: so will I do for my servants' sakes, that I may not destroy them all. 65:9 And I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of my mountains: and mine elect shall inherit it, and my servants shall dwell there. 65:10 And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a place for the herds to lie down in, for my people that have sought me. 65:11 But ye are they that forsake the LORD, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the drink offering unto that number.

They forget God. At the end of a chapter He offers a blessing. 65:12 Therefore will I number you to the sword, and ye shall all bow down to the slaughter: because when I called, ye did not answer; when I spake, ye did not hear; but did evil before mine eyes, and did choose that wherein I delighted not. 65:13 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, my servants shall eat, but ye shall be hungry: behold, my servants shall drink, but ye shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall rejoice, but ye shall be ashamed: 65:14 Behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but ye shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall howl for vexation of spirit.


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65:15 And ye shall leave your name for a curse unto my chosen: for the Lord GOD shall slay thee, and call his servants by another name: 65:16 That he who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth; and he that sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hid from mine eyes. 65:17 For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.

The new earth. 65:18 But be ye glad and rejoice for ever in that which I create: for, behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy. 65:19 And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people: and the voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of crying. 65:20 There shall be no more thence an infant of days, nor an old man that hath not filled his days: for the child shall die an hundred years old; but the sinner being an hundred years old shall be accursed.

People have hard time with this verse. “There shall be no more thence an infant of days” – There will be no more babies that only live a few days “nor an old man that hath not filled his days” – A man that dies early. “for the child shall die an hundred years old; but the sinner [being] an hundred years old shall be accursed.” – There are no sinners and death in the new earth, it doesn't seem right? There are no sinners and death as the new earth is explained in Revelation. Revelation brings out things after the time that Israel was cut off. But during the time that Isaiah wrote Israel could have still fulfilled the prophecies. PK 46 …the Temple could have stood forever GC 19 …Jerusalem could have stood forever

The new earth that is being described here, is not precisely the one that is described in Revelation. This is describing the Messianic kingdom (that would have been established here if Israel would have been faithful.) without premature death. Blessings of health would have come from full obedience. And these things could have come to them before there would have had to been a resurrection and a literal new created earth. Note: This blessing still applies. If we would be in full obedience to God's commandments there would not have been any babies dying young, and the old men would have fulfilled their days. At the time Isaiah wrote this the average king didn't make it to 50 years of days. So he is saying that when everyone is obedient and the Messianic kingdom comes we will live twice as long. Revelation takes it and leaves Israel out of the picture and applies it to the new earth when there is no death. But Isaiah doesn't take it as far as Revelation did.


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Hard concept: When SOP says Jerusalem would lasts forever. It shows there could have been a different plan if they would have been faithful. Not in the principal but in some of the specifics. 65:21 And they shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. 65:22 They shall not build, and another inhabit; they shall not plant, and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of my people, and mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands. 65:23 They shall not labour in vain, nor bring forth for trouble; for they are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, and their offspring with them. 65:24 And it shall come to pass, that before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear. 65:25 The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent's meat. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the LORD.


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Chapter 66 We have a description of mercy for those who are righteous and destruction for the wicked. 66:1 Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the place of my rest?

These same sentiments were repeated by Stephen and Solomon Acts 7:49 The most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands 2 Chron 6:18 The heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house which I have built!

App: Where is the place of God’s rest, where does He want to dwell? God is not concerned that much about a building. Any building that man makes is no comparison to what God can make for Himself. Man made buildings can never compare to creation. App: He is not so concerned about our churches, homes, conference center or mansions. He would rather dwell with the contrite in heart. App 2: You dwell with someone to have communion, but we seek to dwell with everyone else and leave God out. When there is no one else who can understand us God is there. Only He can fill that void of the longing of companionship. Extra: Sanctuary – Ex 25:8 Sanctuary was suppose to teach them how to have a contrite and humble spirit so that God dwell with them. Not only the physical sanctuary but within us, and eventually forever in the earth made new. Ps 34:18 – He is nigh to those with a broken heart and contrite spirit. If you don’t have a broken heart how do you get one? Matt 21:44 – Fall on the stone (Jesus) and be broken. But he will not leave you there. He will heal you! Is 57:15, 17-18 “To revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones. For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart. I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners.” App: Get up, put on your armor and fight for the Lord. The people who have this experience will come in direct conflict with the power of evil in the last days. Professed Christians will hate God’s people – Isaiah looks 2,700 yrs into the future to a time when God’s people will be hated by other Christians. (10 Commandment movement). This is nothing new God’s people have always been cast out by other people who claim to be followers of God. Lk 6:22 – Blessing when men shall hate you and separate from you. Jn 16:2 – Those who put you out and kill you think they do God service. Acts 9:1-2 – Saul thought he was doing God serviceJn 11:47-50 “it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish no.” Matt 24:9 “Ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake” In the end God’s people will be victorious over their enemies God will vindicate them because they have broken and contrite hearts, because He dwells in their heart. Do you want God to dwell with you, do you want


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to fall on the stone and be broken so that you won’t end up persecuting others and thinking you are doing God’s service? Let’s pray! 66:2 For all those things hath mine hand made, and all those things have been, saith the LORD: but to this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word. 66:3 He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog's neck; he that offereth an oblation, as if he offered swine's blood; he that burneth incense, as if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations. 66:4 I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them; because when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they did not hear: but they did evil before mine eyes, and chose that in which I delighted not. 66:5 Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word; Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the LORD be glorified: but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed.

Those who are faithful. When you get dis-fellowshipped and they think they have done God's work. What they did wasn't righteous. 66:6 A voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of the LORD that rendereth recompence to his enemies. 66:7 Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, she was delivered of a man child. 66:8 Who hath heard such a thing? who hath seen such things? Shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day? or shall a nation be born at once? for as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children. 66:9 Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith the LORD: shall I cause to bring forth, and shut the womb? saith thy God. 66:10 Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad with her, all ye that love her: rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn for her: 66:11 That ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breasts of her consolations; that ye may milk out, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory. 66:12 For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream: then shall ye suck, ye shall be borne upon her sides, and be dandled upon her knees. 66:13 As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem. 66:14 And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies. 66:15 For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwind, to render his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 66:16 For by fire and by his sword will the LORD plead with all flesh: and the slain of the LORD shall be many. 66:17 They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens behind one tree in the midst,


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eating swine's flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the LORD.

Gardens here could have been translated as groves. Not literal gardens. Groves is where idolatry went on. Sanctifying themselves meant they were practicing the rites of pagan worship. Behind one, could mean behind the altars. These are the heathen practices during the time of Manasseh. 66:18 For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory. 66:19 And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles. 66:20 And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the LORD out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD. 66:21 And I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith the LORD. 66:22 For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain. 66:23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD.

Text shows that the new earth and new heaven that John describes more in Revelation, was one that would be centered on correct worship of God including the Sabbath. 66:24 And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

This setting takes us back to Jerusalem because the carcasses are dead all around Jerusalem. The carcasses are dead not alive. “worm shall not die” – The worm shall fully consume the carcasses, they will not stop the job until it is finished. “fire be quenched” – No one can stop them from burning. The fire will not be put out until it is finished. Is 34 brings it out clearer. Now go to 2 Kings 21.


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Hosea - God’s love for the wayward Introduction Important thing to understand about the OT is that the focal point of these books is not the nation of Israel. It is the coming deliverer. The messiah. When you understand it correctly the focal point, points to the coming Messiah. We saw it in Samuel with the promise to David. In Psalms we saw it. But now in Isaiah it is even clearer. Every chapter almost has something in it dealing with the Messiah. That is why Isaiah is called the Gospel prophet. This is important because people today are interpreting the OT as if Israel is the center of these messages and they must be fulfilled through them. But they were never the central figures. Christ was the one in the burning bush, the pillar of fire, he parted the red sea, this is who Isaiah saw in the temple. The one who would come in the flesh. As you go through the OT you see that the only hope is in the coming deliverer. And when He came they still thought they were center. Hosea means Yahweh or Jehovah has saved Theme: God's love for the wayward. There are still strong rebukes in Hosea. God's love rebukes, but His hand is still stretched out.

Author and Title The opening verse, “The word of the Lord that came to Hosea, the son of Beeri,” identifies Hosea with other OT prophets and follows the same general pattern of naming the book after its author (cf. Joel 1:1; Jonah 1:1; Mic. 1:1; Zeph. 1:1; Mal. 1:1). Beeri is a Hittite name in Genesis 26:34, perhaps demonstrating the practice, as today, of naming children from the Scriptures. Because chapters 1–3 of Hosea are quite different from chapters 4–14, Hosea's authorship of the whole book has been questioned. But this is unnecessary. The latter section expands and applies the essential message of God's mercy for his people; the preceding biographical sketch enhances that message, though it employs different literary forms.

Date The OT prophets commonly dated their ministries in conjunction with reigning kings. In Hosea's day the Judean kings were Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. The king of Israel (the northern kingdom, also called “Ephraim” in Hosea; see note on 4:17) was Jeroboam, son of Joash. Jeroboam's last year was 753 b.c., and Hezekiah's was 687, so Hosea's ministry was situated in this time period. The prophet's ministry was probably not that long (66 years), though a 35-year ministry is possible. The significant feature is that he ministered during the latter half of the eighth century. This period was the most turbulent and trying time in the history of Israel prior to the captivity.

Theme Hosea depicts Israel's unfaithfulness with a number of images from family and nature. Israel is like: a promiscuous wife, an indifferent mother, an illegitimate child, an ungrateful son, a stubborn heifer, a silly dove, a luxuriant vine, and grapes in the wilderness. Yet Israel's unfaithfulness and obstinacy are not enough to exhaust God's redeeming love that outstrips the human capacity to comprehend.


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Key Themes 1. Hosea frequently refers to the Pentateuch, the foundation of Israel's relationship to God (1:10; 2:9–10, 18; 4:3; 6:7, 9; 7:13; 8:4–6; 9:6–10, 14; 10:9–10; 11:1–4, 8; 12:2–5, 9–10, 12–13; 13:4–6, 15). 2. Hosea stresses divine sovereignty, with God speaking in the first person, “I,” almost a hundred times in the book. 3. Hosea's personal biography exemplifies the Lord's compassion (chs. 1–3). 4. Isolation/exile, which is coming upon Israel, is a means to restoration (1:6–7; 2:14–23; 3:1–3; 5:6–6:3; 11:8–11; 12:9).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background The purpose, occasion, and background of Hosea all work in tandem. They pertain to the latter half of the eighth century b.c., certain aspects of Baalism, and the ideology of the prophet Hosea. The latter days of the eighth century b.c. witnessed the rise of the neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III (745–727). He was followed by several capable kings who extended Assyrian dominance over the entire ancient Near East (eventually including Egypt) for more than a century. Particularly relevant to Hosea were at least six incursions into Palestine and its neighbors by an unstoppable Assyrian army during the prophet's lifetime. Conquest and exile were the most dreaded fate in biblical times. This perennial threat hanging over Israel (specifically the northern kingdom) came with a time of unparalleled political upheaval and instability. The nation had six kings within about 30 years, a period filled with intrigue and violence. Zechariah (753 b.c.) was murdered after only six months in power. The usurper, Shallum, was assassinated one month later. The next king, Menahem (752–742 b.c.) survived for a decade only by paying a burdensome tribute to Tiglath-pileser. His son, Pekahiah (742–740 b.c.), was assassinated by an army officer, Pekah (740–732), after only two years' reign. Subsequently, Pekah was disposed of by Hoshea, whose rebellion against the Assyrians led to the end of the northern kingdom (732–722 b.c.). Within this chaotic 30-year period, external conflicts and failures of international diplomacy repeatedly proved disastrous. These times are reflected in Hosea, whose primary audience was Ephraim (the northern kingdom, Israel), mentioned 35 times in the book. As Hosea reflects these times, it is often difficult to be sure just what specific historical reference he has in mind. Although there is a range of suggestions regarding different passages, most lack consensus. The prophet's messages, however, are not tarnished by the reader's inability to tie down all of the details. His priority was to see Israel turn back to God. Hosea's major concern was the worship of Baal—an apostasy that he understood to be the reason for Israel's dilemma. Baal was the weather-god worshiped in Syria-Palestine, who had control over agriculture and fertility, rainfall and productivity. Since ancient Israel was always an agricultural society, Baal worship was of unrivaled importance. Baal was localized at different shrines identified by such names as Baal-peor (9:10) and Baal-gad (Josh. 11:17) and hence was sometimes referred to as the Baals (Judg. 2:11; 3:7; 8:33). While a full description of this religion is not possible here, one major aspect of Baalism touches on this prophet's message: the religion's appeal to human sexuality (cf. Isa. 57:3–10). Other aspects—such as drunkenness, bestiality, human sacrifice, mutilations, and incest—may be discerned in the book, but Hosea understands the strength of Baalism's appeal to


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the sex drive by way of ritual prostitution. This amounted to sexual intimacy at one of the pagan shrines, understood most probably as an act of imitative magic. That is, sexual behavior at these shrines was expected to cause the Baals to respond in like manner—to follow the worshipers by producing for them fertile seed and rain for a good crop. This intimacy took place with cult prostitutes (Hos. 4:14). When a worshiper selected a prostitute, he prayed, “I beseech the goddess of Astarte to favor you and Baal to favor me.” There was also eating and drinking at shrines as an act of worship. Hosea's approach is dominated by his knowledge that God's people have been joined to the Lord. Hosea makes a number of references to Israel's past to remind them of that. Israel is the Lord's bride, but Israel has instead become joined to the Baals. Worship of Baal is not just a violation of the first of the Ten Commandments (Ex. 20:3), it is a betrayal of that intimate and endearing union that God made with his people. Idolatry, therefore, is depicted as spiritual adultery, transgression against the marriage between the Lord and Israel (cf. Ex. 34:11–16; Lev. 17:7; 20:4–6; Deut. 31:16). The prophet justifies the Lord's coming judgments with a litany of offenses that amount to the radical ingratitude of a wayward wife. But punishment is not ultimately what the Lord wants for his people; he desires that they leave their fornication and return to the One who first loved them and can indeed provide what is for their best.

Distinctive Features The Near East at the Time of Hosea c. 740 b.c. Hosea prophesied to Israel and Judah during the decades surrounding the fall of Samaria to the Assyrian Empire. The resurgence of this ancient empire dominated much of the politics of the ancient Near East from the time of Jeroboam and Azariah until the empire's demise at the end of the sixth century b.c. Assyria would eventually engulf nearly the entire Near East from Ur to Ararat to Egypt.

Israel and Judah at the Time of Hosea c. 740 b.c. Hosea prophesied during a time of great political turbulence in Israel and Judah. The early part of his ministry witnessed a brief period of resurgence under the reign of Jeroboam II, who captured much of Syria for Israel. Within a couple decades, however, Israel and Syria attacked Judah, but Assyria in turn attacked Israel and captured Galilee and Gilead. Finally, in 722 b.c., the Assyrians captured Samaria itself and annexed the rest of Israel's territory into their empire.

History of Salvation Summary The Lord has yoked himself to Israel and will not give up on her, even in the face of the rampant unfaithfulness of the northern kingdom. He must purify Israel from her unfaithfulness through terrible punishments. For the northern kingdom to return to the Lord, the people must return to the house of David (3:5), which they will do in the “latter days” (the time of the Messiah).


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Outline The book of Hosea does not lend itself easily to an outline, except in the broadest way. Chapters 1–3 use Hosea's own marriage as a parable for the relationship between God and Israel—with the dominant image of Israel as an unfaithful wife. Then chapters 4–14 spell out the details of the parable, with its series of accusations, warnings, appeals, and enticements for God's people to return. These occur in a maze of various literary forms that do not lend themselves to simple categories. 1. Biographical: Hosea's Family (1:1–3:5) 1. Introduction (1:1) 2. Command to marry (1:2) 3. Birth of children (1:3–9) 4. Covenant renewal at Jezreel (1:10–11) 5. Legal proceedings against the wayward wife (2:1–13) 6. Covenant relationship reestablished (2:14–23) 7. Command to remarry, with the expectation of a king like David (3:1–5) 2. Hosea Spells Out His Parable with Accusations, Warnings, and Promises (4:1–14:9) 1. Legal proceedings continued (4:1–19) 2. Adultery in high places (5:1–14) 3. Appeal: return and be raised (5:15–6:3) 4. Transgressors of the covenant (6:4–7:3) 5. Four similes for unfaithful Israel: oven, cake, dove, treacherous bow (7:4–16) 6. Israel's hypocrisy (8:1–14) 7. Warnings: no worship in a foreign land (9:1–9) 8. More similes for unfaithful Israel: grapes, vine, calf, toddler (9:10–11:11) 9. Dependence on alliances (11:12–12:1) 10. Further indictment based on historical review (12:2–14) 11. Worship of man-made gods (13:1–8) 12. Rejecting the only hope they have (13:9–16) 13. Closing appeals (14:1–9)


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Chapter 1 1:1 The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel. 1:2 The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the LORD.

“for the land hath committed” – shows that this wife represents Israel. This verse tells us that the woman he was told to go get represented Israel. Hosea was to take a wife, marriage to a harlot, her name is Gomer. Jezreel means to scatter. It is reminiscent of what Jehu did in Israel. He killed the kings and they were scattering to get away. This name gave a sense of judgment to come. 1:3 So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which conceived, and bare him a son. 1:4 And the LORD said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little while, and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel.

This is a prophecy to Israel. Jezreel – means “to scatter” – it ramanecent of Jehu killed couple kings and they were scattering: judgment coming. 1:5 And it shall come to pass at that day, that I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel. 1:6 And she conceived again, and bare a daughter. And God said unto him, Call her name Loruhamah: for I will no more have mercy upon the house of Israel; but I will utterly take them away.

Loruhamah – means “I will no more have mercy.” This was the message that was to convey. “take them away” – this prophecy was only around 6 years before 1:7 But I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them by the LORD their God, and will not save them by bow, nor by sword, nor by battle, by horses, nor by horsemen.

Hosea was a prophet to Israel. Isaiah was primarily a prophet to Judah..Hosea deals with people who are more corrupt. 1:8 Now when she had weaned Loruhamah, she conceived, and bare a son. 1:9 Then said God, Call his name Loammi: for ye are not my people, and I will not be your God. 1:10 Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God.

God says you are not my people, but you are going to be my people. 1:11 Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Jezreel.

Even they were gonna cast out, they still had opportunity to repent, but they didn’t. He is saying you are not my people, but they had the opportunity to repent even though they would be cast off. But they never did. So Paul made a direct reference to this and refers it to the gentiles. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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Rom 9:25-26 [25] As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved. [26] And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

In the NT he uses this verse and says this applies to the gentiles. They were not God's people and now they are.


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Chapter 2 2:1 Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ruhamah. 2:2 Plead with your mother, plead: for she is not my wife, neither am I her husband: let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts;

She is not my wife this verse is connected with verse 10. 2:3 Lest I strip her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with thirst. 2:4 And I will not have mercy upon her children; for they be the children of whoredoms. 2:5 For their mother hath played the harlot: she that conceived them hath done shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, that give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my drink.

Gomer represents Israel here. He is going to do everything to keep us from going deep into sin 2:6 Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a wall, that she shall not find her paths.

Then God said he would hedge up the way so she could not make it. When God says they were reaching out for other lovers, he meant they were trying to make alliances with other nations for protections and trade to get their goods. So He is hedging up the way. 2:7 And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not overtake them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then shall she say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better with me than now.

She is going to go back to her first husband. 2:8 For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal.

God gave the things that have been good, and they think they have to turn to other gods. The only thing he can do is pull it all away so they would have nothing. 2:9 Therefore will I return, and take away my corn in the time thereof, and my wine in the season thereof, and will recover my wool and my flax given to cover her nakedness. 2:10 And now will I discover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of mine hand. 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

Israel will be destroyed, that’s the reason why they won’t be keeping feast days. Not a good text to show why we don’t keep the feast. Because it’s different reason. This refers to Israel being destroyed. They would not because they would be destroyed. Not good to show why we don’t keep feast days. Because they didn't because they wouldn't exist as a people anymore. Starts describing the connection between a whore and Israel. Who lead you to this land? God, but she puts to her http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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lovers. 2:12 And I will destroy her vines and her fig trees, whereof she hath said, These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will make them a forest, and the beasts of the field shall eat them. 2:13 And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.

Good text for dress reform Man forgets God, but God doesn't forget man. God is saying I will charm her and win her back. I want her to be with me. 2:14 Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. 2:15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there, as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt.

“Valley of Achor” – This refers to Achan. Because of his sin they got defeated at Ai and they were cursed. After Achan was punished the curse was moved and they conquered Ai. God is saying you are cursed now, but remember Achan defeat can be turned to victory. val Achan was removed, defeat was changed into victory. You are cursed right now, but remember Achan that defeat can turn into victory. God is giving hope through the valley of Achan. 2:16 And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD, that thou shalt call me Ishi; and shalt call me no more Baali.

Lord meaning master. You will see me as a husband not an overseer. 2:17 For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be remembered by their name. 2:18 And in that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down safely. 2:19 And I will betroth thee unto me for ever; yea, I will betroth thee unto me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in lovingkindness, and in mercies.

“betrothed” 2:20 I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the LORD. 2:21 And it shall come to pass in that day, I will hear, saith the LORD, I will hear the heavens, and they shall hear the earth; 2:22 And the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel. 2:23 And I will sow her unto me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which were not my people, Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.


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He takes the name of three children and reverses the meaning. He takes the 3 children that Gomer had names in the beginning and reverses the meanings of them. names are opposite to chapter 1. “sow” – has origin with the name of Jezreel to scatter. Instead of scattering in a bad way, it will be a sowing of seed for something good. same origin as “to scatter(Jezreel)”, instead of scattering that’s bad, it’s sowing seed for something good. “will have mercy” – Loruhamah one was named no more mercy “thou art my people” – Loammi the third name meant you will not be my people. He reversed it. He is using the wife to represent Israel and the names of the children to convey messages. God is using wife representing Israel, using names of children to convene important messages.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine.

Adulteress, you where mine but you left me 3:2 So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley:

What is implied here is that Gomer is somewhere in trouble and she has been enslaved and Hosea comes and buys her back. God is saying this is the same thing I must do with Israel. You have gone to other nations now I must come and buy you back. 3:3 And I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. 3:4 For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim:

This is referring to exile. They will not have a king. (*PO good text to show that they could not function as a nation before the decree was given in 457 B.C. No king, no government.) There is complete destruction 3:5 Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days.

The city of David is Jerusalem(Judah), but Hosea was talking to the people Israel. That shows that the promise of return after captivity could only be fulfilled through Judah in united nation, not divided nations. Israel kingdom never had promise of restoration as an independent nation again. David was king of Jerusalem, so they have to come back with Jerusalem as their headquarter.“and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days - Israel still could have been God’s people at the latter days. But they rejected Messiah and it’s spiritual Israel now. POWERFUL POINT “David” this is referring to the Messiah. Reminded of the line of David “latter days” – Two important points in this text as to why David's name is mentioned here. 

Where is the city of David? In Jerusalem, but he is talking to Israel. This is showing that the promise of a return after captivity could only be fulfilled through Judah.



PK brought out that the 10 northern tribes never had the promise of restoration as an independent nation again.

David was the king of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was the headquarters of Judah, not Israel. So if they were to return to be a nation again they would have to return with Judah and have Jerusalem as their capital (or headquarters) or they could not return at all. The promise of the return would not be to come back as a divided nation, but a united nation. With Jerusalem as the headquarters and not Samaria and Bethel. And this makes sense because Israel was in apostasy from the beginning


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everyday. Judah had the temple at Jerusalem. They have the correct temple. So they could not come back as the remnant and worship those golden calves. They could come back if they worshipped at God's temple. This also shows that the promise of Messiah could only be fulfilled through Judah and not the 10 tribes. This would be done with Judah and the true temple. And this is how the throne would last forever. They would have to come back by exercising faith in their promised deliverer David. “latter days” – Israel could have still been God's chosen people in the latter days, but they rejected the Messiah so now there is just spiritual Israel. Now go to 2 Chronicles 28.


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Chapter 4 Judah has just now turned. Hosea is talking to Israel. Hosea was the last prophet who spoke message to Israel. There is a tone of pleading with them.

Description of Isreal’s sins (1-5) 4:1 Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. 4:2 By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood. 4:3 Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away. 4:4 Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as they that strive with the priest. 4:5 Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother. 4:6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children.

Wilful ignorance 4:7 As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will I change their glory into shame.

As they increases the more they sin against me. 4:8 They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. 4:9 And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. 4:10 For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD. 4:11 Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart. 4:12 My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God. 4:13 They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery.

They were worshipping all types of gods. 4:14 I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor your spouses when they commit adultery: for themselves are separated with whores, and they sacrifice with harlots: therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall.


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4:15 Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Bethaven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.

Bethaven – it’s not Bethel(house of God) anymore. It’s “House idol.” It is not Bethel anymore. Bethel means the house of God. Hosea doesn't call it that. He says it was Bethaven. This means the house of idols. He changed the name of their headquarters. 4:16 For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place. 4:17 Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.

Ephraim is used as symbolically as whole nation. Because it was center tribe, other surrounding tribes half of them were gone with captivity and so on, so Ephraim was the center tribe. Here we see that Ephraim who was the central tribe of the 10 northern was being used symbolically for the whole nation. The surrounding tribes had been conquered and were scattered all over in captivity. Ephraim was in the middle where Samaria was. 4:18 Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. 4:19 The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Hear ye this, O priests; and hearken, ye house of Israel; and give ye ear, O house of the king; for judgment is toward you, because ye have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor. 5:2 And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I have been a rebuker of them all. 5:3 I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled.

Whoredome relationship for money sake 5:4 They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not known the LORD. 5:5 And the pride of Israel doth testify to his face: therefore shall Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity; Judah also shall fall with them. 5:6 They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek the LORD; but they shall not find him; he hath withdrawn himself from them.

They might take sacrifices to God, but they are still in rebellion. They are not coming with true repentance so God doesn’t except it. He doesn't answer 5:7 They have dealt treacherously against the LORD: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions. 5:8 Blow ye the cornet in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud at Bethaven, after thee, O Benjamin. 5:9 Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be. 5:10 The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. 5:11 Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment. 5:12 Therefore will I be unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rottenness.

Moths eat your clothes. This is a slow but sure deterioration. 5:13 When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound. 5:14 For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue him.

When a lion eats he rips up the prey and goes to sleep. God is describing Himself like this. 5:15 I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.


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God is sending troubles so they will return to Him. This is the God of love. I will leave until they want help.


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Chapter 6 6:1 Come, and let us return unto the LORD: for he hath torn, and he will heal us; he hath smitten, and he will bind us up.

If they had have returned to God then the history would be so much different now. Because the didn’t not hear the prophet they suffered. He is still using the symbol of a lion, but God can do something a lion can't. He can heal His prey. 6:2 After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.

Knowledge of God, is based on us following on to know Him 6:3 Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the LORD: his going forth is prepared as the morning; and he shall come unto us as the rain, as the latter and former rain unto the earth.

Had they been faithful, could have the latter rain. “forth is prepared as the morning” could have been translated as day spring. Or Sun rising. The work of the Lord comes from the east. Jesus is the day spring He brings the latter rain. it could have been translated as “day spring” or “sun-rising.” It’s Jesus, and latter rain come from Jesus. Latter and former rain. Israel could have had the latter rain, but because they rejected the Messiah that will be fulfilled with spiritual Israel. 6:4 O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do unto thee? for your goodness is as a morning cloud, and as the early dew it goeth away.

You could have had the latter rain, but you are like the dew in the morning. As soon as the sun comes it is gone. You haven't stuck with me. 6:5 Therefore have I hewed them by the prophets; I have slain them by the words of my mouth: and thy judgments are as the light that goeth forth. 6:6 For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.

What I want is heart survace. 6:7 But they like men have transgressed the covenant: there have they dealt treacherously against me. 6:8 Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, and is polluted with blood. 6:9 And as troops of robbers wait for a man, so the company of priests murder in the way by consent: for they commit lewdness. 6:10 I have seen an horrible thing in the house of Israel: there is the whoredom of Ephraim, Israel is defiled. 6:11 Also, O Judah, he hath set an harvest for thee, when I returned the captivity of my people.

The captivity coming for Judah then the harvest.


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Chapter 7 7:1 When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for they commit falsehood; and the thief cometh in, and the troop of robbers spoileth without.

“would have healed” could refer to the time of Jeroboam the II, God allowed prosperity. He was trying to bring them back. He would have healed them but the wickedness brought them down. 7:2 And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.

God is watching everything they are doing. 7:3 They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes with their lies. 7:4 They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened. 7:5 In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine; he stretched out his hand with scorners. 7:6 For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait: their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire. 7:7 They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calleth unto me.

Hot as an oven, yet no one calls upon me (Like Elijah). 7:8 Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people; Ephraim is a cake not turned.

“half back pan cake” – focused on one thing, not the other. They were like a half-baked pancake. Gooey on one side and burnt on the other. 7:9 Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knoweth it not: yea, gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knoweth not. 7:10 And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face: and they do not return to the LORD their God, nor seek him for all this. 7:11 Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria.

Ephraim is like a silly dove. They are trying to get help from everyone except God. 7:12 When they shall go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down as the fowls of the heaven; I will chastise them, as their congregation hath heard. 7:13 Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me. 7:14 And they have not cried unto me with their heart, when they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me.


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7:15 Though I have bound and strengthened their arms, yet do they imagine mischief against me. 7:16 They return, but not to the most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt.


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Chapter 8 8:1 Set the trumpet to thy mouth. He shall come as an eagle against the house of the LORD, because they have transgressed my covenant, and trespassed against my law.

Assyria came like an eagle. 8:2 Israel shall cry unto me, My God, we know thee.

Israel shall transgress, and then say God we know you, what was the covenant, the law on the heart. 8:3 Israel hath cast off the thing that is good: the enemy shall pursue him. 8:4 They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

Your doing things with out asking me. 8:5 Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off; mine anger is kindled against them: how long will it be ere they attain to innocency?

Your golden calf has forsaken you. He is saying that is not a god. He is trying to help them realize this. 8:6 For from Israel was it also: the workman made it; therefore it is not God: but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces.

The calf worship 8:7 For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: it hath no stalk: the bud shall yield no meal: if so be it yield, the strangers shall swallow it up.

You reap what you sow. 8:8 Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be among the Gentiles as a vessel wherein is no pleasure.

Israel being swallowed up by the gentiles. 8:9 For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath hired lovers.

They were paying Assyria for protection instead of looking to the Lord. 8:10 Yea, though they have hired among the nations, now will I gather them, and they shall sorrow a little for the burden of the king of princes. 8:11 Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin. 8:12 I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing.

My law was counted as a strange thing. 8:13 They sacrifice flesh for the sacrifices of mine offerings, and eat it; but the LORD accepteth them not; now will he remember their iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt.


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Where they going to literal Egypt? 8:14 For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and buildeth temples; and Judah hath multiplied fenced cities: but I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the palaces thereof.


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Chapter 9 9:1 Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor. 9:2 The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail in her. 9:3 They shall not dwell in the LORD'S land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria.

Egypt is symbolic of slavery/bondage. He says you will return to Egypt but they will be in Assyria. It will be just like it was in Egypt. 9:4 They shall not offer wine offerings to the LORD, neither shall they be pleasing unto him: their sacrifices shall be unto them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread for their soul shall not come into the house of the LORD. 9:5 What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of the LORD? 9:6 For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant places for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tabernacles. 9:7 The days of visitation are come, the days of recompence are come; Israel shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the spiritual man is mad, for the multitude of thine iniquity, and the great hatred. 9:8 The watchman of Ephraim was with my God: but the prophet is a snare of a fowler in all his ways, and hatred in the house of his God. 9:9 They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Gibeah: therefore he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins.

Gibeah (Judges 21- the sin of Benjamin). Judges: The woman who was cut in pieces by Benjamin. This is what he is referring to. They were as corrupt as back then. 9:10 I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: but they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their abominations were according as they loved.

“Baalpeor” – He is saying it was like the apostasy at the Jordan everyday here. 9:11 As for Ephraim, their glory shall fly away like a bird, from the birth, and from the womb, and from the conception. 9:12 Though they bring up their children, yet will I bereave them, that there shall not be a man left: yea, woe also to them when I depart from them! 9:13 Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, is planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer. 9:14 Give them, O LORD: what wilt thou give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts. 9:15 All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all their princes are revolters.


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9:16 Ephraim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no fruit: yea, though they bring forth, yet will I slay even the beloved fruit of their womb. 9:17 My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken unto him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.

The Jews shall be wounders among the heathen


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Chapter 10 10:1 Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images.

If he is an empty vine, how can it bring forth fruit? It is not good fruit. He is empty of the fruits of righteousness. He brings forth evil fruit. 10:2 Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. 10:3 For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not the LORD; what then should a king do to us? 10:4 They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.

Judgment is poison. 10:5 The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Bethaven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. 10:6 It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel. 10:7 As for Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water. 10:8 The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.

We have heard this language in Rev 6 about the second coming. If we have Jesus' blood covering us we don’t need to say this to the rocks and mountains. But if not we will say this. Second coming. If we have Jesus’ blood covering us, we don’t have to have mountains cover us. 10:9 O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them. 10:10 It is in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows. 10:11 And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods.

Heifers are unyoked. They have not been trained to take a yoke yet. “fair neck” – I put a yoke on her is what God is saying. 10:12 Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your fallow ground: for it is time to seek the LORD, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.

Repentance must precede outpouring of HS. No way can the latter rain fall upon people who are unrepentant. No matter how exciting it might be, no matter how many people are interested, if the


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people are unrepentant, and they are justifying sin, it’s not the HS. “till he come and rain righteousness upon you" – When it says all of this. It shows that repentance must proceed the outpouring of the spirit. The latter rain will not fall on those who are unrepentant and justifying sin. If it attracts and looks good, but if sin is being permitted and is justified it is not from God. Repent, seek him, and then you will receive the righteousness. (*PO this goes with Desolate Eden the people had to experience true repentance and proclaim a solemn fest before they could receive the latter rain. It also shows that the message of the latter rain will be a message of Christ's righteousness.) 10:13 Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men. 10:14 Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children. 10:15 So shall Bethel do unto you because of your great wickedness: in a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off.


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Chapter 11 From chapters 11 to 14. These last chapters are a summary of God's dealings with Israel. 11:1 When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.

He was my son, not my wife. He is looking back at how He brought them out of Egypt. 11:2 As they called them, so they went from them: they sacrificed unto Baalim, and burned incense to graven images. 11:3 I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.

A father teaching his son to walk by holding his hands, the struggle in the heart of God. 11:4 I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love: and I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws, and I laid meat unto them.

I took care of you I loved you. 11:5 He shall not return into the land of Egypt, but the Assyrian shall be his king, because they refused to return.

“He shall not return into the land of Egypt.” Egypt represents Assyria. They would go back into bondage like they were in Egypt. 11:6 And the sword shall abide on his cities, and shall consume his branches, and devour them, because of their own counsels.

In the last section of hosea you see the pleading and struggle that God is going through to give up His people. 11:7 And my people are bent to backsliding from me: though they called them to the most High, none at all would exalt him.

The are bent to leave me. 11:8 How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, Israel? how shall I make thee as Admah? how shall I set thee as Zeboim? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindled together.

How shall I give you up? (Jesus, I can I give you up Jerusalem?). If I could I would turn you around. 11:9 I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger, I will not return to destroy Ephraim: for I am God, and not man; the Holy One in the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city.

This is what I want to do. I don't want to destroy you. 11:10 They shall walk after the LORD: he shall roar like a lion: when he shall roar, then the children shall tremble from the west. 11:11 They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt, and as a dove out of the land of Assyria: and I will place them in their houses, saith the LORD.


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11:12 Ephraim compasseth me about with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the saints.


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Chapter 12 12:1 Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.

You don't get any nutrition from wind. 12:2 The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

Judah is being mentioned here too. Hosea is a prophet to Israel primary. But he has a controversy with Judah too. 12:3 He took his brother by the heel in the womb, and by his strength he had power with God: 12:4 Yea, he had power over the angel, and prevailed: he wept, and made supplication unto him: he found him in Bethel, and there he spake with us;

Connected Israel to Jacob, he had power and prevailed, you will prevail if you struggle with the angel 12:5 Even the LORD God of hosts; the LORD is his memorial. 12:6 Therefore turn thou to thy God: keep mercy and judgment, and wait on thy God continually.

Appeal to turn so He can show mercy. 12:7 He is a merchant, the balances of deceit are in his hand: he loveth to oppress. 12:8 And Ephraim said, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out substance: in all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me that were sin.

Ephraim is in deep apostasy and they are saying we are not in sin. Rich an increased with goods. 12:9 And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of the solemn feast. 12:10 I have also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets.

God has sent prophet after prophet, but they do not respond. 12:11 Is there iniquity in Gilead? surely they are vanity: they sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yea, their altars are as heaps in the furrows of the fields. 12:12 And Jacob fled into the country of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep. 12:13 And by a prophet the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophet was he preserved. 12:14 Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.


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Chapter 13 13:1 When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died. 13:2 And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, and idols according to their own understanding, all of it the work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves. 13:3 Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the early dew that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney. 13:4 Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. 13:5 I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought. 13:6 According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me.

According to the pastures, so are they feed, what why eat is why they are what they are. 13:7 Therefore I will be unto them as a lion: as a leopard by the way will I observe them: 13:8 I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and will rend the caul of their heart, and there will I devour them like a lion: the wild beast shall tear them.

She bears defend their young fiercely. 13:9 O Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself; but in me is thine help.

Thou hast destroyed yourself. 13:10 I will be thy king: where is any other that may save thee in all thy cities? and thy judges of whom thou saidst, Give me a king and princes? 13:11 I gave thee a king in mine anger, and took him away in my wrath.

Saul. God never wanted to give them a king. In the beginning when they asked He hearked to it. they wanted a human king instead of God. But now He is taking away a king. 13:12 The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is hid. 13:13 The sorrows of a travailing woman shall come upon him: he is an unwise son; for he should not stay long in the place of the breaking forth of children. 13:14 I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.

Resurrection texts 13:15 Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an east wind shall come, the wind of the LORD shall come up from the wilderness, and his spring shall become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up: he shall spoil the treasure of all pleasant vessels.


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13:16 Samaria shall become desolate; for she hath rebelled against her God: they shall fall by the sword: their infants shall be dashed in pieces, and their women with child shall be ripped up.

Samaria is the capital of Israel. This was fulfilled not long after Hosea gave it.


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Chapter 14 Chapter 14 is the last prophetic message to Israel. Notice what it is. Summary of Hosea, God’s love, patients, come back to me. This is very important to you as the time is about to close on you 14:1 O Israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity. 14:2 Take with you words, and turn to the LORD: say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and receive us graciously: so will we render the calves of our lips. 14:3 Asshur shall not save us; we will not ride upon horses: neither will we say any more to the work of our hands, Ye are our gods: for in thee the fatherless findeth mercy. 14:4 I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely: for mine anger is turned away from him.

Key verse of this chapter. God's last message is please turn to me. I can still save you if you will turn to me. This was the last prophetic message. They had another opportunity that we will look at now, but it is not a prophetic message. This is the promise, Hosea, mission to Israel. 14:5 I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shall grow as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon. 14:6 His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon. 14:7 They that dwell under his shadow shall return; they shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine: the scent thereof shall be as the wine of Lebanon. 14:8 Ephraim shall say, What have I to do any more with idols? I have heard him, and observed him: I am like a green fir tree. From me is thy fruit found. 14:9 Who is wise, and he shall understand these things? prudent, and he shall know them? for the ways of the LORD are right, and the just shall walk in them: but the transgressors shall fall therein.

Now go through 2 Chronicles 30.


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Micah Introduction Micah means 'who is like Yahweh or Jehovah' Spoke Less – 3SM 338 "Each of the ancient prophets spoke less for their own time than for ours, so that their prophesying is in force for us." Comes out of His Place – Mar 262 "The substitution of the false for the true is the last act in the drama. When this substitution becomes universal, God will reveal Himself… when the powers of this earth try to force men to keep the first day of the week.. He will arise in His majesty, and will shake terribly the earth. He will come out of His place to punish the inhabitants of the world for their iniquity." Church In Greatest Peril – PK 538 "[Quotes Micah 4:10-12] God will not fail His church in the hour of her greatest peril." In bondage to who overcomes – PP 67 " Of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage " Worldwide App – PK 389 " His [Zephaniah's] prophecies of impending judgment upon Judah apply with equal force to the judgments that are to fall upon an impenitent world at the time of the second advent of Christ " (Prophecies have a double application, one to be fulfilled locally, and the other to be fulfilled on a world wide scale in the last days)

Author and Title Rather than being identified by his father or family (cf. Joel “son of Pethuel” [Joel 1:1]; Jonah “son of Amittai” [Jonah 1:1]), this prophet is identified by a location, “Micah of Moresheth” (Mic. 1:1; for Moreshethgath, see 1:14). It was about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Jerusalem in the “lowland” or Shephelah region. Unlike the calls to prophetic office of some other prophets (e.g., Isa. 6:1–13; Jeremiah 1), Micah's call is not recorded. Micah is never explicitly referred to as “prophet,” but the source of his power is explicitly attributed to the “Spirit of the Lord” (Mic. 3:8; cf. 2 Pet. 1:20–21). The name “Micah” may be translated as a simple rhetorical question: “Who is like Yahweh?” Similarly, the book concludes with an inquiry: “Who is a God like you?” (Mic. 7:18). These questions underscore the unrivaled character and actions of the Lord.

Date Micah prophesied during the reigns of the Judean kings Jotham (750–735 b.c.), Ahaz (735–715), and Hezekiah (715–687). The time span roughly parallels those of other eighth-century prophets like Hosea (Hos. 1:1) and Isaiah (Isa. 1:1), though Micah 1:1's omission of the name of King Uzziah (767–739 b.c.) may place Micah somewhat later. It is difficult to assess the length of Micah's public activity with any precision. At a minimum, the 16-year reign of Ahaz (2 Kings 16:2), in combination with the presumed transitions at the end of the reign of Jotham and the start of the reign of Hezekiah, provides a ministry length of 20 to 25 years. In Jeremiah 26:18 the elders of the land note


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the influence of Micah's words on Hezekiah (directly quoting Mic. 3:12).

Theme The theme of Micah is judgment and forgiveness. The Lord, the Judge who scatters his people for their transgressions and sins, is also the Shepherd-King who in covenant faithfulness gathers, protects, and forgives them.

Key Themes 1. The character of the sovereign Lord and the sins of his people demand judgment (1:2–5; 2:3; 6:1–2, 9–11). The sentence of God's “lawsuit” comes in the form of an oppressor (1:15; 4:11; 5:1, 5–6) and by means of covenant curses (6:13–15) rendered for covenant unfaithfulness (6:16). 2. A Shepherd-King gathers and delivers a remnant (2:12–13; 4:6–8; 7:14, 18). This deliverer, functioning as a new David, will come from the very region under Assyrian control (5:2–5a). 3. Covenant faithfulness consists not merely in ritual but in the proper expression of the primary forms of love: justice, mercy, and faithfulness (6:8; cf. Matt. 23:23). 4. The Lord is the focus of worship. The nations will no longer “flow” to false gods (cf. Jer. 51:44) but to Zion to learn of the true Lord and to live in peace (Mic. 4:1–5; 7:12; cf. Isa. 2:2– 5). 5. The liberating light of grace flowing from the Lord's steadfast love (Mic. 7:18–20) overcomes the ominous sentence due to sin (7:8–9). Forgiveness is grounded in God's faithfulness to his promises (7:20). 6. God's saving acts in the past (6:4–5; 7:14–15) are interpretative analogies for his saving acts in the future (7:19–20).

Purpose, Occasion, and Background Micah writes in order to bring God's “lawsuit” against his people (3:8). He indicts Samaria and Jerusalem for their sins (1:2–7), with both Assyria (5:5–6) and Babylon (4:10) looming as instruments of the divine sentence. Free from Assyrian interference in the first half of the eighth century, the reigns of Jeroboam II of Israel (782–753 b.c.) and the Judean kings Uzziah and Jotham (see Date) witnessed the emergence of a wealthy upper class. Yet this brought with it significant corruption. As Amos had condemned the economic and legal injustices prevalent in the northern kingdom in the first half of the eighth century (Amos 2:6–7; 5:10–12; 6:4–5), so Micah catalogs specific sins of both the northern and southern kingdoms. These sins included idolatry (Mic. 1:7; 5:12–14); the seizure of property (2:2, 9); the failure of civil leadership (3:1–3, 9–10; 7:3), religious leadership (3:11), and prophetic leadership (3:5–7, 11); the belief that personal sacrifice satisfies divine justice (6:6–7); and corrupt business practices and violence (6:10–12). The reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, along with the increasing threat of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, provide the broad background for Micah. First, Ahaz stands out among the three Judean kings for his idolatry (2 Kings 16:1–4; Mic. 6:16) as well as for the help he sought from the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III (745–727 b.c.) in the face of Syro-Ephraimite aggression against Jerusalem (2 Kings 16:5–9; 2 Chron. 28:16–21). Second, Samaria, the northern Israelite capital, experienced exile as it fell (2 Kings 17; Mic. 1:6–7) to the Assyrian Shalmaneser V (727–722 b.c.). Finally, Sennacherib (705–681 b.c.) captured numerous cities and villages of the Shephelah controlled by Hezekiah (1:10–16), but ultimately failed to capture Jerusalem in 701 (2 Kings 18:13–19:37).


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Distinctive Features The Near East at the Time of Micah c. 740 b.c.Micah prophesied to Israel and Judah during the decades just before the fall of Samaria through the time of King Hezekiah of Judah. Micah witnessed the destruction of Israel by the rising Assyrian empire, yet he probably also witnessed the Lord's dramatic rescue of Jerusalem from the Assyrians during Hezekiah's reign.

History of Salvation Summary In every age God wants his people to respond to his love by doing justice, practicing lovingkindness, and walking humbly with God (6:8). This is genuine humanness, and by it Israel was called to commend God's goodness to all mankind. Israel and Judah in Micah's day were corrupted by their refusal to embrace God's purpose, and thus would suffer judgment; but there would yet be a remnant who would experience God's forgiveness and be part of his plan to bless the world through the Messiah's rule.

Outline The current arrangement of the text permits a number of possible outlines. One that has garnered much support, and that is followed here, centers on the pattern of judgment and salvation found throughout the book. In each of three large units, the use of the plural imperative “hear” begins a major section on judgment, and each unit moves toward hope and deliverance (1:2–2:13; 3:1–5:15; 6:1–7:20). 1. Superscription (1:1) 2. The Announcement of Judgment on Israel and Judah (1:2–2:13) a. God's punishment of Samaria and Judah (1:2–16) i. Judgment on Samaria (1:2–7) ii. Judgment on Judah (1:8–16) b. Abuses and abusers of Yahweh's land (2:1–11) i. Indictment and future punishment (2:1–5) ii. Rejection of the prophetic word (2:6–11) c. The divine promise to gather Jacob (2:12–13) 3. The Present Injustice and Future Prospect of Just Rule in Jerusalem (3:1–5:15) a. Present leaders denounced (3:1–12) i. Judgment against the heads of Jacob (3:1–4) ii. Judgment against the prophets (3:5–8) iii. Judgment against the heads of Jacob (3:9–12) b. Jerusalem's restoration among the nations—promised (4:1–7) i. Nations approach Zion in peace (4:1–5) ii. Divine promise to gather Zion (4:6–7) c. Jerusalem's restoration among the nations—accomplished (4:8–5:15) i. Restoration of Zion's dominion (4:8) ii. Nations approach Zion for battle (4:9–13) iii. The Shepherd-King arrives and the remnant is restored (5:1–15) 4. The Lord's Indictment and Restoration of His People (6:1–7:20)


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a. Israel accused: covenant violation (6:1–8) i. The prophetic summons (6:1–2) ii. Divine interrogation and saving acts (6:3–5) iii. People's response and prophetic reply (6:6–8) b. Crisis in relationship (6:9–7:7) i. Divine indictment of treachery (6:9–12) ii. Divine sentence for treachery (6:13–16) iii. Consequences of disobedience: social upheaval (7:1–7) c. Zion's repentance and renewed faith in Yahweh's help (7:8–13) d. Restoration of the relationship between Israel and Yahweh (7:14–20)


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Chapter 1 The inheritance or The Covenant Promise given to Abraham (but to be more detailed the promise that he and his seed would inherit the land or earth.) Explain transferring of the covenants, typology in prophecy, glorious land (Daniel 11:41), and how this prophecy portrays the events in the last days (Ed 180) 1:1 The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

He comes in the days of Jotham. Jotham and Ahaz had a coregency for a while. He was a prophet during the time of Ahaz and into the beginning of Hezekiah. Time frame is given 1:2 Hear, all ye people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let the Lord GOD be witness against you, the Lord from his holy temple.

“the Lord in his holy temple” – same as Isa 6. Micah is speaking like that Israel is going into captivity. Notice these key words: “all ye people” “earth” “all that therein is” – Clearly this is a message for the whole world and all the inhabitants that are in it. Historically and contextually it would refer to the inhabitants of Judah and Samaria (Israel). But remember the prophet co-mingled the events that happened in the location of Palestine with the literal Jews, with forecast of worldwide end time events. “witness against you” Mal 3:5 And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the LORD of hosts.

Witness against means to pronounce judgment upon them. Deut 31:20-26 [20] For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant. [21] And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are befallen them, that this song shall testify against them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed: for I know their imagination which they go about, even now, before I have brought them into the land which I sware. [22] ¶ Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the children of Israel. [23] And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I sware unto them: and I will be with thee. [24] ¶ And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, [25] That Moses commanded the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, saying, [26] Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the


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covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee.

And that judgment is based upon how they have broken the covenant. The law of Moses was next to the ark of the covenant in the MHP as a witness against them. Deut 4:23-27 [23] Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee. [24] For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God. [25] ¶ When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger: [26] I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. [27] And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

Now as a result. So God from His holy temple pronounced judgment upon Israel and Judah because of the covenant that they had broken. And all that He said would happen to them in Deut came to pass. Our time: We see that God's covenant is again being broken and as a result God will witness against us out of His holy temple. “holy temple” – (theme?) Ps 79:1 O God, the heathen are come into thine inheritance; thy holy temple have they defiled; they have laid Jerusalem on heaps.

See Also Ex. 15:17-18 This verse makes it clear that God's temple was considered to be His inheritance. Also: This has less relevance for them because this just shows that God abided in His holy temple. But for God to leave His Holy temple in our time means probation has closed. 1:3 For, behold, the LORD cometh forth out of his place, and will come down, and tread upon the high places of the earth.

More key words: “Lord cometh forth out of his place” “high places of the earth” 2 Chron 28:2 (Under Ahaz) "For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim" V.4 "He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places" V.24 "and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem" Idolatry dealing with Sun worship. Baalim is dealing with Sun worship. There will be a time when the whole earth will be worshipping in the high places. This is the national Sunday law. This event will cause the Lord to come forth. Quotes:


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3SM 338.1 "Each of the ancient prophets spoke less for their own time than for ours, so that their prophesying is in force for us."; Mar 262 The substitution of the false for the true is the last act in the drama. When this substitution becomes universal, God will reveal Himself. When the laws of men are exalted above the laws of God, when the powers of this earth try to force men to keep the first day of the week, know that the time has come for God to work. He will arise in His majesty, and will shake terribly the earth. He will come out of His place to punish the inhabitants of the world for their iniquity. The earth shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain. 1:4 And the mountains shall be molten under him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, and as the waters that are poured down a steep place. 1:5 For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not Jerusalem?

He is talking about the transgressions of the house of Israel. He is talking to them first. He includes Judah. 1:6 Therefore I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, and as plantings of a vineyard: and I will pour down the stones thereof into the valley, and I will discover the foundations thereof.

A heap is like a pile of heap. The capital of Israel would be a heap. 1:7 And all the graven images thereof shall be beaten to pieces, and all the hires thereof shall be burned with the fire, and all the idols thereof will I lay desolate: for she gathered it of the hire of an harlot, and they shall return to the hire of an harlot. 1:8 Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons, and mourning as the owls. 1:9 For her wound is incurable; for it is come unto Judah; he is come unto the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.

Her sins, her wounds can't be fixed. This wound is now infecting Judah. It is incurable. 1:10 Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust. 1:11 Pass ye away, thou inhabitant of Saphir, having thy shame naked: the inhabitant of Zaanan came not forth in the mourning of Bethezel; he shall receive of you his standing. 1:12 For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem.

Micah is talking as if Israel is going to be destroyed soon. And he is concerned about this disease that is incurable called sin is infecting Judah. He wants to help them before it is to late, but the problem is Judah has the most wicked king ever. 1:13 O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

Another city named Lichish is mentioned. He specifically points out this city that is more advanced http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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in its evil practices than any other city in Judah and it is similar to all of Israel. Remember this city. This city was destroyed. Shenakerab destroyed it. 1:14 Therefore shalt thou give presents to Moreshethgath: the houses of Achzib shall be a lie to the kings of Israel. 1:15 Yet will I bring an heir unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he shall come unto Adullam the glory of Israel. 1:16 Make thee bald, and poll thee for thy delicate children; enlarge thy baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from thee.

“poll thee” means to cut hair Being bald is a symbol of grief because something terrible has happened. He is saying it is like pulling out your hair. “eagle” can also be translated into vultures. They are bald birds that have no hair. It fits the context.


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Chapter 2 Sermons: 1.) "Give us our Prophet!" Message concerning those who reject the SOP and a message to the leaders. Point: Micah 2:9 – This shows what kind of prophet the end time church who do not accept EGW want. Option can connect this with the sermon on Hazael. 2:1 Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.

“working evil upon their beds” – This is not referring to sexual immorality. It is talking about someone lying on their bed devising how they will get richer the next day. What they are going to do happens the next morning because they are in a position of political power so they can pull the strings to make it happen. One of the first thing Micah targets is unfair business practices: people talking advantage of other people. 2:2 And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage.

“oppress” means to defraud. Unfair business practices. They are coveting a house or field. And I will get it through unfair business practices. I will make someone declare bankruptcy if I have to. I will take all I can get. 2:3 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks; neither shall ye go haughtily: for this time is evil.

“necks” if a ox is out to work it has a yoke on. But when they rest it is taken off. He is saying you won't be freed from bondage. He will bring judgment. We see a clear picture that Micah is concerned first about unfair business practices. Even before he mentions idolatry he hits this. This sounds like Amos. They are taking advantage of the poor and needy. (note: this is not a social gospel. This is important to God. We must be fair with everyone and teach doctrine) 2:4 In that day shall one take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say, We be utterly spoiled: he hath changed the portion of my people: how hath he removed it from me! turning away he hath divided our fields. 2:5 Therefore thou shalt have none that shall cast a cord by lot in the congregation of the LORD. 2:6 Prophesy ye not, say they to them that prophesy: they shall not prophesy to them, that they shall not take shame. 2:7 O thou that art named the house of Jacob, is the spirit of the LORD straitened? are these his doings? do not my words do good to him that walketh uprightly?

He is anticipating their response. Doesn't God take care of these who follow Him? He will take care of you if you do what is right, but don't ask that if you are not following Him. 2:8 Even of late my people is risen up as an enemy: ye pull off the robe with the garment from them that pass by securely as men averse from war. 2:9 The women of my people have ye cast out from their pleasant houses; from their children have ye


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taken away my glory for ever.

Verses 8 and 9 speak of how the rich oppress the poor. Children lost their heritage. And mothers lost their homes. 2:10 Arise ye, and depart; for this is not your rest: because it is polluted, it shall destroy you, even with a sore destruction. 2:11 If a man walking in the spirit and falsehood do lie, saying, I will prophesy unto thee of wine and of strong drink; he shall even be the prophet of this people.

“spirit” – You can't walk in God's Spirit and falsehood at the same time. Spirit here means wind. It is a man walking in the wind. He is not anchored by the truth. He is blowing with the wind. He is speaking whatever is pleasing to those he comes in contact with. That is why he is speaking falsehood and lies. He is trying to please people instead of telling the truth. (*PO connects with Eph 4 those who are swayed by every wind of doctrine. But who is giving it? Men who are walking or living in the wind. Study!) “wine and strong” – symbols of when you have wealth are at ease. Those who have a lot of spare time and are rich do a lot of partying. This is the kind of prophet that these people want. One that will tell them lies that they want to believe and think is good. (*PO Instead of receiving the end time prophet that God has appointed, the people want this kind of prophet.) 2:12 I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah, as the flock in the midst of their fold: they shall make great noise by reason of the multitude of men.

Now he switches all of sudden. He is saying not all in Israel will make it, but there will be a remnant so don't loose hope. He will gather them as sheep is gathered in a flock. “great noise…mult” – This will be a big flock. 2:13 The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and the LORD on the head of them.


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Chapter 3 3:1 And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment?

You are the heads and princes of the nation. You are suppose to be the ones who know right from wrong and make sure things are done fairly. And referring to the leaders of Israel he says who hate the good and love the Israel. This is the problem! 3:2 Who hate the good, and love the evil; who pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones; 3:3 Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron.

Verses 2 and 3 we have a graphic description of flesh being plucked off bones and boiling it. He is saying that you are not Shepard's of the people you are the butchers of the people! Note: He is taking on the establishment; it was not a small task to be a prophet. Micah was not liked 3:4 Then shall they cry unto the LORD, but he will not hear them: he will even hide his face from them at that time, as they have behaved themselves ill in their doings.

After you butcher the people you are going to go cry unto the Lord for help from Syria or Israel. 3:5 Thus saith the LORD concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bite with their teeth, and cry, Peace; and he that putteth not into their mouths, they even prepare war against him.

Notice what the prophets who make his people err say “they cry peace.” 3:6 Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a vision; and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them.

The prophets that cry peace, the time will come when it will be clear that they do not have a vision. (*PO those ministers who are crying out peace and safety when the Lord has not spoken it soon it will be made clear that they do not have a message.) When the judgment hits, and Micah is prophesying that it will surely come. Then it will be made clear that they did not have a vision. Everyone will know that you are a liar. The day will come when all will know that you have no vision. 3:7 Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded: yea, they shall all cover their lips; for there is no answer of God.

These are the false seers who made predictions of peace. 3:8 But truly I am full of power by the spirit of the LORD, and of judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin.

Now he contrasts the false prophets with himself. I have the Spirit of the Lord, the true God. 3:9 Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of the house of Israel, that abhor


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judgment, and pervert all equity.

They don't like fair judgment. 3:10 They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. 3:11 The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they lean upon the LORD, and say, Is not the LORD among us? none evil can come upon us.

Shows what the problems were. The people at the top make their decisions based upon how much money they get. I will work for whoever will give me the most money. The priests were doing the same thing for pay. If you bring in more sacrifices for me I will work for you. And the false prophets were working for money too. “yet will they lean upon the Lord” – The judges, priests, and the prophets are all doing it for money and they all claim to be working for God. No evil can come upon us. We work for God. He exposes all of their sins. Do anything for money, reward, finance have become a key issue. If Micah didn’t not hear the words, then they would have been destroyed at the same time as Israel. 3:12 Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.

This is the conclusion of this matter. The temple will be destroyed and Jerusalem will be plowed up. This came to pass 100 years later when Neb destroyed it.


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Chapter 4 Shows the transferring of the covenant in Micah 4, and how verses 1-9 were originally intended to be fulfilled with the literal Jews, but because they rejected God it will be fulfilled with Spiritual Israel. That covenant transferred over. POWERFUL!! Sermon: Micah's Plead and cover the transferring of the covenants in connection with Daniel 11:40, latter rain, loud cry, etc. (conclusion: my plead to you is who is like Jehovah?) 4:1 But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it.

He just said it would be destroyed; now he says it will be established. This shows that there will be a restoration. Sounds like Isaiah. It is about restoration. He just told them the doom is coming now he says this. Note: Micah 4:1-3 are almost identical to Isaiah 2:2-4. DA 27 Had Israel been true to God, He could have accomplished His purpose through their honor and exaltation. If they had walked in the ways of obedience, He would have made them "high above all nations which He hath made, in praise, and in name, and in honor." "All people of the earth," said Moses, "shall see that thou art called by the name of the Lord; and they shall be afraid of thee." "The nations which shall hear all these statutes" shall say, "Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people." Deut. 26:19; 28:10; 4:6. But because of their unfaithfulness, God's purpose could be wrought out only through continued adversity and humiliation.

Deut 26:19, 28:1 – shows God's original purpose. 4:2 And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. 4:3 And he shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Micah after giving his rebukes and severe judgment. He gives them something to hope for if they turn to the Lord. He is saying destruction is coming but the day is coming when people will come to my holy mountain in Jerusalem and many nations not just Judah will come and accept the truth and there will be war no more. This can only reach its true fulfillment in the earth made new. (Note: Speech/Homil.) Because they rejected Christ Jerusalem becomes a symbol of God's church triumphant when all come in at the outpouring of the Latter rain. 4:4 But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the LORD of hosts hath spoken it. 4:5 For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we will walk in the name of the LORD our God for ever and ever.


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4:6 In that day, saith the LORD, will I assemble her that halteth, and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; 4:7 And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and the LORD shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth, even for ever.

There is hope. Yes there will be captivity, but there will be people who will come back and will be faithful. 4:8 And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem.

God has given up on establishing His kingdom. As wicked as the people are I still plan to set up my kingdom and send my Messiah. Side note: Gen 35:21 Edar first mentioned with Reuban sleeping with his father's concubine showing the forfeiting of the birthright to Judah. 4:9 Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? for pangs have taken thee as a woman in travail. 4:10 Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt go even to Babylon; there shalt thou be delivered; there the LORD shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies.

This was fulfilled literally. They did go into captivity and they were brought back. But the verses before never came to pass. Even though they came back their hearts were not fully turned back to God. When the Messiah came they didn't accept Him. So they lost the opportunity for this whole chapter to come to pass with them and now it has to be fulfilled with spiritual Israel. So Israel will go through a hard time then be redeemed. 4:11 Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion. 4:12 But they know not the thoughts of the LORD, neither understand they his counsel: for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the floor.

Using the principle of World-wide symbolized by the local we know that God's people are going into captivity again. Get quotes: EGW uses this to describe the church in their greatest peril. 4:13 Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.

“horn iron” – God will make His people strong as Iron. Horn = Strength, honor. See: This also speaks about God's people in the millennial judgment. The act of them pronouncing judgment on the wicked will be God exalting the horn (or strength) of His people.


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“Hoofs brass” – Still describing the strength of God's people. This is imagery describing how God's people will annihilate their enemies. Iron & Brass associated with beating in pieces or destruction. (prophetically). Dan 2:45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. Dan 7:19 Then I would know the truth of the fourth beast, which was diverse from all the others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth were of iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured, brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with his feet;

"Arise and thresh" – Cross reference this to Isaiah 41:14-17. Isaiah is describing the same event with more detail. After God's people thresh (spiritually) as seen in Micah 5 under the latter rain. (This prepares them for the falling of the 7 last plagues. Is 41:16 "whirlwind" = Desolation (Prov 1:27) = 7 last plagues (Zep 1:14) double check this part. Verse 13 is magnified and God's people threshing is described in chapter 5.


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Chapter 5 5:1 Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.

"they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek" – This happened to Jesus in trial. “judge of Israel” – This gives identifying characteristics to who the judge of Israel would be. 5:2 But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.

Makes it clear that this is a messianic prophecy. (*PO shows Christ had no beginning and that He was divine.) The Son of David. His throne was to last forever. Now Micah is pointing out the very place where this King who was God would be born. KEY TEXT Note: points out the place where Messiah will born. Refer to Matt 2. When the Herod tried to find out the Messiah, Pharisees came to this verse. This verse clearly shows that the judge of Israel was going to come out of Bethlehem (or the tribe of Judah). “whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlastin” – This clearly shows the divinity of Jesus. 5:3 Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall return unto the children of Israel.

“will he give them up” – Based upon the context this refers to the children of Israel. (Specifically Judah, the 10 tribes were scattered by this time.) But it has a broader application. It is really referring to God's people. why? “until the time that she with travaileth hath brought forth” – We know God was not going to give Judah up until the birth of Jesus. They were captive in Babylon for 70 years. And even when Jesus died on earth in 31 AD there were still under Roman jurisdiction. This is referring to God's people being given up until Jesus would come to this earth. They would be subject to their enemy. They would be under Satan's jurisdiction and power until Jesus came. God's people were literally under the control of Satan until Jesus came and broke his power. Notice the references: Gal 4:3 Even so we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world:

Before we came to Christ we were in bondage under sin following after the world. Gal 4:4-5 [4] But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman,


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made under the law, [5] To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.

Shows at the time appointed Jesus came in our nature to redeem us. Notice the language “fulness of time was come…made of a woman.” Micah 5:3 …until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth… Luke 4:18 …to preach deliverance to the captives…set at liberty them that are bruised…

Those in sin are spoken of as being captives…and of course they need to be delivered from the power of Satan. PP 67 Of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage… Isa 61:1 …proclaim liberty to the captives… opening of the prison to [them that are] bound;

Same language (clincher text) Heb 2:14-15 [14] Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; [15]And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage.

(BEST TEXT) Isa 49:24-25 [24] Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive delivered? [25] But thus saith the LORD, Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be delivered…

This text makes it clear that they are under the dominion of Satan. They were lawfully Satan's captive, but Jesus came and delivered them anyway. Eph 4:8 …led captivity captive…

Not only would He deliver them from sin and Satan's jurisdiction. But He would deliver them from their final enemy. Who was that? Death. POWERFUL!! Through Jesus conquering death, we now have victory over death. “until the time [that] she which travaileth hath brought forth” – Micah the prophet was also beholding the same event that John the Revelator was beholding. Rev 12:2 And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered. " (V.4 "the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered.

Who is she based upon Revelation? The woman, a woman in bible prophecy symbolizes the church. Contextually it is speaking of the church in the wilderness. God's people under the leadership of the 12 patriarchs. Which tribe did Jesus come from? Judah. The prophet Micah clarifies the issue. Who was she that travailed in Micah? Bethlehem….Judah “remnant of his brethren” – Who are His, Christ's brethren?


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Heb 2:14, 17 [14] Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same… [17] Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto [his] brethren,

Verse 2 describes the divinity of Jesus. Verse 3 describes the humanity of Jesus. Rev 12:17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.

Remnant of her seed not only means remnant of the church, but it also means the remnant of Christ. Satan is making war against Christ brothers according to the flesh. That is why we see Him in Revelation 19 coming to avenge them. They are His brothers. The reason why His humanity is brought out is because for Him to retrieve dominion He had to become man PP 67 All that was lost by the first Adam will be restored by the second.

Micah 4:8. But He will rule His kingdom forever. So He has to be divine. 5:4 And he shall stand and feed in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God; and they shall abide: for now shall he be great unto the ends of the earth.

This ruler is God, because no one else is from everlasting. So when the Jews called Him the Son of David, they should have known that He was God. “stand in feed” – Feed means rule (margin). He is the good Shepard. He feed the 5,000. All things are provided by His hand. This is the kind of rule that Jesus brings to those who cooperate with Him. “feed” also can be translated as “rule.” But God is our shepherd, he feeds us, that’s the kind of rule that Jesus brings. “stand and feed” – Feed in the margin means RULE…it says he will be great unto the ends of the earth. He would rule the whole earth. Notice the same language in Rev 12:5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron"

EGW Quotes: Ed 180-181 The Bible, and the Bible only, gives a correct view of these things. Here are revealed the great final scenes in the history of our world, events that already are casting their shadows before, the sound of their approach causing the earth to tremble and men's hearts to fail them for fear…[Quotes] Micah 4: 10-12. PK 538 "O daughter of Zion, . . . the Lord shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies. Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion. But they know not the thoughts of the Lord, neither understand they His counsel." Micah 4:10-12. God will not fail His church in the hour of her greatest peril." PK 682(BEST ONE) "Satan, by means of his success in turning man aside from the path of obedience, became "the god of this world." 2 Corinthians 4:4. The dominion that once was Adam's passed to the usurper. But the Son of God proposed to come to this earth to pay the penalty of sin, and thus not only redeem man, but recover the dominion forfeited. It is of this restoration that


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Micah prophesied when he said, "O Tower of the flock, the stronghold of the daughter of Zion, unto Thee shall it come, even the first dominion." Micah 4:8. The apostle Paul has referred to it as "the redemption of the purchased possession." Ephesians 1:14. And the psalmist had in mind the same final restoration of man's original inheritance when he declared, "The righteous shall inherit the land, and dwell therein forever." Psalm 37:29. " PP 67 (supporting quote) "Not only man but the earth had by sin come under the power of the wicked one, and was to be restored by the plan of redemption. At his creation Adam was placed in dominion over the earth. But by yielding to temptation, he was brought under the power of Satan. "Of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage." 2 Peter 2:19. When man became Satan's captive, the dominion which he held, passed to his conqueror. Thus Satan became "the god of this world." 2 Corinthians 4:4. He had usurped that dominion over the earth which had been originally given to Adam. But Christ, by His sacrifice paying the penalty of sin, would not only redeem man, but recover the dominion which he had forfeited. All that was lost by the first Adam will be restored by the second. Says the prophet, "O tower of the flock, the stronghold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion." Micah 4:8." SR 430 "" "O Tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee shall it come, even the first dominion." Micah 4:8. The kingdom forfeited by sin, Christ has regained, and the redeemed are to possess it with Him. GC 484 "The deepest interest manifested among men in the decisions of earthly tribunals but faintly represents the interest evinced in the heavenly courts when the names entered in the book of life come up in review before the Judge of all the earth. The divine Intercessor presents the plea that all who have overcome through faith in His blood be forgiven their transgressions, that they be restored to their Eden home, and crowned as joint heirs with Himself to "the first dominion." Micah 4:8. " GC 674 ""O Tower of the flock, the stronghold of the daughter of Zion, unto Thee shall it come, even the first dominion." Micah 4:8. The time has come to which holy men have looked with longing since the flaming sword barred the first pair from Eden, the time for "the redemption of the purchased possession." Ephesians 1:14. The earth originally given to man as his kingdom, betrayed by him into the hands of Satan, and so long held by the mighty foe, has been brought back by the great plan of redemption. All that was lost by sin has been restored. "Thus saith the Lord . . . that formed the earth and made it; He hath established it, He created it not in vain, He formed it to be inhabited." Isaiah 45:18. God's original purpose in the creation of the earth is fulfilled as it is made the eternal abode of the redeemed."

"When the enemies of Israel gathered to destroy her, they gathered to fight God. Who reigned within the temple in Israel's midst. Since God's rejection of national Israel, the church—spiritual Israel—stands in her place, and the Old Testament prophetic forecasts of enemies attacking Israel now apply to the church. 5:5 And this man shall be the peace, when the Assyrian shall come into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men.

Verses 5 to 10 gives a description of Judah having power over Assyria. Assyria is being used as a symbol of all the enemies in the world, because this particular time Assyria was the greatest treat to Israel. But God couldn’t do it if they were not faithful. 5:6 And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.


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The Pharisee's looked at these and said this is what the Messiah would do. They thought he would deliver them in war. Assyria here is a symbol of all the enemies of the world. (at this time Assyria was the greatest threat) So the Messiah would come according to this prophecy that He would lead them to victory over their enemies. But He couldn't do it if they were not faithful. He couldn't make them the number one nation if they were evil themselves. 5:7 And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a dew from the LORD, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men.

There would be a destruction, and following that His people would be like showers among the grass. What are showers a symbol of? Latter rain. Their burden had to be to save the heathen not to destroy them. Their burden had to be to save the heathen, but not to destroy. This was to be originally carried out by the Jews after their Babylonian captivity. DA 27 They were to reveal God to men…In the call of Abraham the Lord had said, "I will bless thee; . . .and thou shalt be a blessing: . . . and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed." Gen. 12:2, 3. The same teaching was repeated through the prophets. Even after Israel had been wasted by war and captivity, the promise was theirs, "The remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a dew from the Lord, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men." Micah 5:7" MH 405 We are numbered with Israel. All the instruction given to the Israelites of old concerning the education and training of their children, all the promises of blessing through obedience, are for us.

Now this blessing applies to us. 5:8 And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles in the midst of many people as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go through, both treadeth down, and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver. 5:9 Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all thine enemies shall be cut off. 5:10 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD, that I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots: 5:11 And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds: 5:12 And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: 5:13 Thy graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of thee; and thou shalt no more worship the work of thine hands.

Micah is against idolatry, but he goes deeper than the outward forms of idolatry. He goes right to the heart and deals with covetousness. This is the biggest sin that he attacks. We make things that we worship. 5:14 And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee: so will I destroy thy cities.


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5:15 And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have not heard.

These verses about Assyria and the heathen being destroyed have their true fulfillment at the end of time with the destruction of the wicked.


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Chapter 6 6:1 Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice. 6:2 Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD'S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

When have I let you down when you have been faithful to me? 6:3 O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? testify against me. 6:4 For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of servants; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.

I gave you good leaders when you followed them. 6:5 O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; that ye may know the righteousness of the LORD. 6:6 Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of a year old? 6:7 Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?

Is this what I want? God is asking them. Am I satisfied with the external forms of religion? 6:8 He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?

External religion is not a substitute for internal character and obedience. Things important to God, do must be justly, be mercy to other, and walk humbly in Gods ways 6:9 The LORD'S voice crieth unto the city, and the man of wisdom shall see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it. 6:10 Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable? 6:11 Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights?

God does not deal with unrighteousness. This sounds like when the people were trading to collect wages. They were using false balances and mislabeled weights to get more money. He says am I suppose to justify them if they bring me a sacrifice? He is hitting the heart. How can I justify them. 6:12 For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their mouth. 6:13 Therefore also will I make thee sick in smiting thee, in making thee desolate because of thy sins.

The whole point is that God is saying I have done all that I can for you. What do you want me to do?


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6:14 Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy casting down shall be in the midst of thee; and thou shalt take hold, but shalt not deliver; and that which thou deliverest will I give up to the sword. 6:15 Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine, but shalt not drink wine.

This is literal. You will plant them, but you will not eat them. God is crying “Look, I have done everything I can for you people! What else can I do?” 6:16 For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I should make thee a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore ye shall bear the reproach of my people.


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Chapter 7 7:1 Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: there is no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit. 7:2 The good man is perished out of the earth: and there is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net.

This is a general statement about the wickedness of the people. 7:3 That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for a reward; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up.

You can do twice as much evil with both hands. They do wickedness with all of their might. “asketh for a reward” – Before the judge will make a decision he wanted to know how much money he could get. 7:4 The best of them is as a brier: the most upright is sharper than a thorn hedge: the day of thy watchmen and thy visitation cometh; now shall be their perplexity. 7:5 Trust ye not in a friend, put ye not confidence in a guide: keep the doors of thy mouth from her that lieth in thy bosom.

Here says at that time you could not trust your wife or your children 7:6 For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man's enemies are the men of his own house.

This is what Jesus quoted. It was like this during His time too. This is why he quoted it. 7:7 Therefore I will look unto the LORD; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me.

Even though you cannot trust them. There is one you can never fail in trusting. 7:8 Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the LORD shall be a light unto me.

He is talking in behalf of Israel. He is saying to all of their enemies don't rejoice by saying their God cannot help them, they are done. 7:9 I will bear the indignation of the LORD, because I have sinned against him, until he plead my cause, and execute judgment for me: he will bring me forth to the light, and I shall behold his righteousness.

The explanation is here. This is come upon me because of my sin. When Israel learns their lesson He will bring them back again. So enemies don't get haughty. This warning needs to be given again in the last day. The synagogue of Satan will bow before the 144,000 recognizing that the wicked has lost. (*PO this could go to all of the infiltrators that are undermining and tearing up the church, and the false prophets. They need to know this. By destroying our beliefs and doctrines it is causing the apostasy and disunity. In the end the synagogue of Satan will bow before God's people.)


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7:10 Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets.

This is what the nations are saying. And where is Israel's God? So Micah is saying don't rejoice he is punishing them, but He is still here and He will bring them back in the end. Be sure to recognize the Lord. 7:11 In the day that thy walls are to be built, in that day shall the decree be far removed. 7:12 In that day also he shall come even to thee from Assyria, and from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain. 7:13 Notwithstanding the land shall be desolate because of them that dwell therein, for the fruit of their doings. 7:14 Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage, which dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel: let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old. 7:15 According to the days of thy coming out of the land of Egypt will I shew unto him marvellous things.

When he brings them back it will be like this. God will bring them out of Assyria the same way. They didn't respond, so it wasn't fulfilled. 7:16 The nations shall see and be confounded at all their might: they shall lay their hand upon their mouth, their ears shall be deaf. 7:17 They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of the LORD our God, and shall fear because of thee.

They are licking the dust and wiggling to get away. 7:18 Who is a God like unto thee, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth in mercy.

He is saying yes they will have to go into captivity. But God pardons the remnant. He doesn't want destruction. More of the wickedness of Judah. Who is a God like unto thee? 7:19 He will turn again, he will have compassion upon us; he will subdue our iniquities; and thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.

He has a strong message for the time of Ahaz. 7:20 Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob, and the mercy to Abraham, which thou hast sworn unto our fathers from the days of old.

Reformation of Judah. Thus 2 Chronicles 29 discusses Hezekiah’s reformation according to Micah. Now, looking at the Israel. Micah was the last prophet for Israel. Now go to 2 Chronicles 29.


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Psalms Introduction Title The book of Psalms, or Psalter, has supplied to believers some of their best-loved Bible passages. It is a collection of 150 poems that express a wide variety of emotions, including: love and adoration toward God, sorrow over sin, dependence on God in desperate circumstances, the battle of fear and trust, walking with God even when the way seems dark, thankfulness for God's care, devotion to the word of God, and confidence in the eventual triumph of God's purposes for the world. The English title comes from the Greek word psalmos, which translates Hebrew mizmor, “song,” found in many of the Psalm titles and simply translated as “psalm” (e.g., Psalm 3). This Greek name for the book was established by the time of the NT (Luke 20:42; Acts 1:20). The Hebrew name for the book is Tehillim, “Praises,” pointing to the characteristic use of these songs as praises offered to God in public worship.

Theme The Hebrew label for the psalms, “Praises,” may have originally reflected the idea, readily found today, that adoration and thanks to God are the primary acts of worship; but it would be better to learn from the title of the entire Psalter that the whole range of the psalms—from adoration and thanks to the needy cry for help (even the desolate moan of Psalm 88)—praises God when offered to him in the gathered worship of his people.

Authorship, Occasion, and Date Many of the psalms have titles (e.g., see Psalms 3 and 4). These titles can include liturgical directions, historical notes, and—possibly—the identity of the author. The Hebrew word translated “of” (as in “of David”) can mean, according to its context, “belonging to,” “authored by,” or “about” (see note on Psalm 72); the same word can also be translated “to” (as in “to the choirmaster”). In the expression “a Psalm of David” (Psalm 3), the most natural sense is that it is “of” David because David wrote it; this is reflected in NT citations (e.g., Mark 12:36; Acts 2:25; Rom. 4:6; 11:9). Based on this, the simple “of David” (e.g., Psalm 11) is most readily taken in the same way. Interpreting the titles this way yields David as the most common author of the Psalms: he appears in 73 titles, and the NT adds two more (Acts 4:25 for Psalm 2; and Heb. 4:7 for Psalm 95). Other authors include the Sons of Korah (11 psalms), Asaph (12 psalms), Solomon (possibly two psalms), and Moses (one). Other psalms do not identify the author at all. Davidic authorship corresponds well with biblical testimony. David was “skillful in playing the lyre” (1 Sam. 16:16–23) and an accomplished songwriter (2 Sam. 1:17–27; 22:1–23:7); his reputation as “the sweet psalmist of Israel” (2 Sam. 23:1) is highly credible, as is the way 1 Chronicles presents him as taking an active role in developing Israel's worship (e.g., 1 Chron. 16:4–7, 37–42; 23:2–6; 25:1–7). The Sons of Korah served in the sanctuary (1 Chron. 9:19), and some of them along with Asaph were “in charge of the service of song in the house of the Lord” (1 Chron. 6:31). (It is also conceivable that these last two names represent the headwaters of choirs or guilds that bear their names.) Solomon is known for his achievements in “wisdom,” but he also wrote “songs” (1 Kings 4:32), which could include two psalms (Psalm 127, and possibly Psalm 72). Moses provided songs for the whole assembled people (Ex. 15:1–18; Deut. 31:30–32:44; cf. 33:1–29).


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By the end of the nineteenth century, many scholars had concluded that the titles in Psalms had little or no validity; some of their strongest arguments involved the presence of words and phrases in the psalms that look more at home in later Hebrew or even Aramaic than in standard Biblical Hebrew; this would imply that the psalms as they exist today come from the first few centuries b.c. But the discovery of more ancient Near Eastern writings since that time has made it possible to give a fuller history of the Hebrew language and a fuller appreciation of ancient literary conventions, and it is now harder to sustain these arguments for late dating. Many scholars will now allow that quite a few of the psalms come from before the Babylonian exile. Coupled with the apparent antiquity of the authorship inscriptions, this provides a good reason for taking these inscriptions at face value. The NT authors accept David as author of the psalms attributed to him (e.g., Mark 12:36; Acts 1:16; 2:25; Rom. 4:6; 11:9), and sometimes the characters in a story make David's authorship a key part of their case (e.g., Luke 20:42; Acts 2:29, 34; 13:36–39). (For the question of what use to make of the authorship, esp. of David, see The Psalms as Scripture.) Fourteen of the Davidic psalms add further information in their titles, connecting the psalm to a specific incident in David's life (see chart). It is often said that they are later additions to the psalms, since they narrate events in the third person (while the psalm is in the first person). Some wonder as well whether such polished productions (e.g., Psalm 34) could have arisen from the circumstances described in the title. In reply, there is no reason why an author cannot narrate about himself in the third person (e.g., Isa. 20:2; Jer. 20:1–2; 21:1–3; 26:1–24; Hos. 1:2–6; etc.); further, the titles do not imply that David composed the psalm at the time of the event, only that the event led to the psalm. The fact that two of the titles cannot be correlated with anything in 1–2 Samuel argues against the idea that a later editor added these titles after carefully examining biblical texts. Finally, this historical information often lends help to both interpreting the psalm and discerning how it should be applied. Therefore the notes that follow employ this information. A few of the psalms seem originally to have been written for a particular occasion, and the individual expositions will discuss that possibility (e.g., Psalms 24; 68; 118). Perhaps they came to be used in specific festivals in order to commemorate the original events. Some scholars have suggested that the liturgical calendar found in Leviticus is a late invention, and that the early period of Israel (when some of the psalms were first written) had annual festivals analogous to those found in other cultures; hence they tried to associate particular psalms with places in these hypothetical festivals. The evidence for such a construction is poor, and many today try to connect various psalms with the biblical festivals. One difficulty with this is that there is so little information in the OT itself about how many aspects of the worship were conducted. In addition to the festivals, Leviticus 23:3 sets the weekly Sabbath as a day of “holy convocation.” It is unclear what kind of meeting is expected in the villages week by week, but it seems to be some kind of worship. Therefore, while it seems true that some psalms are intended for particular festivals or celebrations (e.g., Psalm 65 as a harvest thanksgiving), it also is clear that many psalms are suitable year round, and could be used as needed; indeed, Psalm 92 is a thanksgiving for the weekly Sabbath worship. Psalm 3 7 18 30

Incident David flees from and battles Absalom The words of Cush, a Benjaminite (persecution by Saul?) David delivered from enemies and from Saul Dedication of the temple

34

David delivered from danger by feigning madness in the presence of King Achish of Gath


References 2 Samuel 15–17 Unknown 2 Samuel 22 Nothing in David's lifetime; cf. 1 Kings 8:63 1 Sam. 21:12–22:1

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51

Nathan confronts David about his adultery with Bathsheba Doeg the Edomite tells Saul that David went to the house of Ahimelech The Ziphites tell Saul that David is hiding among them The Philistines seize David in Gath David flees from Saul into a cave Saul sends men to watch David's house in order to kill him David's victory over Transjordan David in the desert of Judah

52 54 56 57 59 60 63

2 Samuel 11–12 1 Sam. 22:9–19

1 Sam. 23:19 1 Sam. 21:10–11 1 Sam. 22:1 or 24:3 1 Sam. 19:11 2 Sam. 8:1–14 2 Samuel 15–17?; 1 Sam. 23:14–15? 142 David flees from Saul into a cave Same as Psalm 57 The individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel's history: from the time of Moses (15th or 13th century b.c.), to that of David and Solomon (10th century), down to exilic and postexilic times (e.g., Psalm 137). A number of factors clearly indicate that the book of Psalms in its present form is the product of a process of collecting (and possibly of editing) from a variety of sources; such factors include: 

 

The division into five books and the affinity groupings, e.g., Psalms 1–2; 113–118 (the Egyptian Hallel; see notes on Psalms 113–118); Psalms 120–134 (the Songs of Ascents); and the final Hallelujah of Psalms 146–150 (see discussion of Structure); the existence of the almost identical Psalms 14 and 53; the notice in 72:20 about the end of David's prayers (while there are still plenty of Davidic psalms to follow).

There is no way to tell what kind of editing the collectors might have done as they incorporated a composition into the developing Psalter; recognized scribal practices include minor things like updating spelling and grammar, and clarifying place names. If the regard for an author's inspiration was as high as it should have been (1 Chron. 25:1–5 describes some of the psalmists as “prophesying” and as “seers,” which means they convey God's own words), then it is unlikely that the editors went much beyond the recognized scribal practices. It is likely that many of the psalms began as intensely personal poems, which were then adapted for congregational use (e.g., see note on Psalm 51), possibly even by the original author. It is also likely that some psalms were composed by stitching together preexisting material (e.g., Psalm 108); but, for the faithful, it is the final form that is canonical, and that is the focus of these notes.It appears that at every stage of this editorial process, the Psalter served as the songbook of the worshiping people of God.

Key Themes The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of the people of God at worship. The Psalms take the basic themes of OT theology and turn them into song. Thus, themes common throughout the OT (see The Theology of the Old Testament) reappear in the Psalms and include the following: 1. Monotheism. The one true God, Maker of heaven and earth and ruler of all things, will vindicate his own goodness and justice, in his own time. Every human being must know and love this God, whose spotless moral purity, magnificent power and wisdom, steadfast faithfulness, and unceasing love are breathtakingly beautiful. 2. Creation and fall. Though God made man with dignity and purpose, all people since the fall are beset with sins and weaknesses that only God's grace can heal. http://breachrepairers.webs.com

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3. Election and covenant. The one true God chose a people for himself and bound himself to them by his covenant. This covenant expressed God's intention to save the people, and through them to bring light to the rest of the world. 4. Covenant membership. In his covenant, God offers his grace to his people: the forgiveness of their sins, the shaping of their lives in this world to reflect his own glory, and a part to play in bringing light to the Gentiles. Each member of God's people is responsible to lay hold of this grace from the heart: to believe the promises, to grow in obeying the commands, and to keep on doing so all their lives long. Those who lay hold in this way are the faithful, as distinct from the unfaithful among God's people; they enjoy the full benefits of God's love, and they find boundless delight in knowing God. Each of the faithful is a member of a people, a corporate entity; the members have a mutual participation in the life of the whole people. Therefore the spiritual and moral well-being of the whole affects the well-being of each of the members, and each member contributes to the others by his own spiritual and moral life. Thus each one shares the joys and sorrows of the others, and of the whole. The faithful will suffer in this life, often at the hands of the unfaithful, and sometimes from those outside God's people. The right response to this suffering is not personal revenge but believing prayer, confident that God will make all things right in his own time. 5. Eschatology. The story of God's people is headed toward a glorious future, in which all kinds of people will come to know the Lord and join his people. It is part of the dignity of God's people that, in God's mysterious wisdom, their personal faithfulness contributes to the story getting to its goal. The Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, will lead his people in the great task of bringing light to the Gentiles.

History of Salvation Summary Throughout history God has been fashioning a people for himself who will love and obey him, and who will express and nourish their corporate life in gathered worship. The Psalms served as a vehicle for the prayers and praises of God's people in Israel, and Christians today, who have been grafted into the olive tree of God's ancient people (Rom. 11:17, 24), can join their voices together with these ancient people in their worship. There are indeed adjustments to be made, now that Jesus has died and risen (see The Psalms as Scripture), and yet Gentile believers in Jesus may rejoice with the people of God of all ages. (For an explanation of the “History of Salvation,” see the Overview of the Bible. See also History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ.)

Distinctive Features Structure The most basic structure of the Psalter is the easiest to see: it is a collection of 150 separate songs. It is possible that Psalms 42–43 are really two parts of one combined song, and Psalms 9–10 are companions (though not part of the same psalm; see note on Psalm 9). The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch. The psalm that ends each book finishes with a doxology (see note on Ps. 41:13), and Psalm 150 as a whole is the conclusion both of Book 5 and of the entire Psalter. Book Book

Psalm Psalms

Description Psalms 1–2 have no titles that attribute authorship (but see Acts 4:25 for Psalm


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1

Book 2

Book 3

Book 4

Book 5

1–41

2); they provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. The remainder of Book 1 is made up almost entirely of psalms of David: only Psalms 10 (but see note on Psalm 9) and 33 lack a Davidic superscription. Prayers issuing from a situation of distress dominate, punctuated by statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship with integrity are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. Psalms From the Davidic voice of Book 1, Book 2 introduces the first Korah collection 42–72 (42–49, although 43 lacks a superscription), with a single Asaph psalm at Psalm 50. A further Davidic collection is found in Psalms 51–65 and 68–69, including the bulk of the “historical” superscriptions (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate the content of these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., Psalm 44; cf. Psalms 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with the Psalms' pinnacle of royal theology (72; cf. 45). Psalms The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the 73–89 justice of God before seeing light in God's presence; that light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., Psalms 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (Psalms 73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (Psalms 84–85; 87–88). Psalms Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first 90–106 response to the problems raised by the third book (Psalms 73–89). Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel's behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God's dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The Lord reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. Psalms The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It 107–150 declares that God does answer prayer (Psalm 107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (Psalms 110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of the law (Psalm 119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (Psalms 120–134).

There are other evidences of editorial arrangement: e.g., Psalms 1–2 form the doorway into the whole Psalter; Psalms 111–112 illuminate each other; and some “affinity groupings” of psalms celebrating God's universal kingship (Psalms 93; 95–99), historical psalms (e.g., Psalms 104–107; see note on Psalm 107), the Egyptian Hallel (Psalms 113–118), the Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120– 134), and the final Hallelujah Psalms (Psalms 146–150). There appear to be other factors that have led to psalms being grouped together, as the notes observe. However, the question of whether there is an overarching scheme that governs all 150 psalms remains a recurring topic in scholarly discussion. It is entirely possible that those who compiled the Psalter arranged the individual psalms to address the concerns of their age. The difficulty is that many structural schemes have been proposed but none has won universal agreement, nor does any


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of them seem fully persuasive (therefore no overall outline of the book has been included here). But the absence of an overall structural scheme is no surprise when dealing with a songbook, which is what the Psalter is.


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Chapter 1 1:1 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.

The characteristics of the ungodly: Prov 19:28 An ungodly witness scorneth judgment: and the mouth of the wicked devoureth iniquity.

Scorn judgment Ps 43:1 Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man.

Deceitful and unjust Ps 73:12 Behold, these are the ungodly, who prosper in the world; they increase in riches.

Prosper in the world and increase in riches 1 Tim 1:9 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck:

Lawless and disobedient Jude 4 For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.

Turn grace of God into lasciviousness and deny God and Jesus Christ Jude 18 How that they told you there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their own ungodly lusts.

Mockers that walk after their own lusts 2 Chr 19:2 And Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to meet him, and said to king Jehoshaphat, Shouldest thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate the LORD? therefore is wrath upon thee from before the LORD.

The ungodly receive the wrath of God Ps 3:7 Arise, O LORD; save me, O my God: for thou hast smitten all mine enemies upon the cheek bone; thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly.

God will smite all the ungodly upon the cheek bone Prov 16:27 An ungodly man diggeth up evil: and in his lips there is as a burning fire.

Ungodly dig up evil and lips are like a burning fire Rom 4:5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is


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counted for righteousness.

The ungodly are those that are not justified and faith is not counted for righteousness Rom 5:6 For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.

Christ died for the ungodly Sodom and Gomorrah 2 Pet 2:6 And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly;

Sodom and Gomorrah is an example of the ungodly AH 456 A truly Christian life is a power for good. But, on the other hand, those who associate with men and women of questionable morals, of bad principles and practices, will soon be walking in the same path. The tendencies of the natural heart are downward. He who associates with the skeptic will soon become skeptical; he who chooses the companionship of the vile will most assuredly become vile. To walk in the counsel of the ungodly is the first step toward standing in the way of sinners and sitting in the seat of the scornful. TMK 319 When any open their minds and hearts to those who would advise them to do wrong in any way, then they are walking in the counsel of the ungodly. . . . They are standing in the way of sinners, . . . and in the next step they will find themselves sitting in the seat of the scornful unconcerned. . . . The message of mercy, of love, of peace, is scorned, and those who associate with this class will become like them, despisers of God's mercy. It is surprising to see how far the influence of one ungodly youth may extend, what a power he becomes in the hands of Satan for evil, how much his counsels are heeded, how much sorrow and sadness and grief he can bring.

The characteristics of the scornful: Ps 29:6-9 [6] In the transgression of an evil man [there is] a snare: but the righteous doth sing and rejoice. [7] The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: [but] the wicked regardeth not to know [it]. [8] Scornful men bring a city into a snare: but wise [men] turn away wrath. [9] [If] a wise man contendeth with a foolish man, whether he rage or laugh, [there is] no rest.”

“Scornful” – transgression Is 28:14-18 [14] ¶ Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem. [15] Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: [16] ¶ Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. [17]Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. [18] ¶ And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.

Scornful men leads to disannulling of the covenant Job 16:20 My friends scorn me: but mine eye poureth out tears unto God.


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Story of Job (his friends are sitting in the seat of the scornful) Prov 9:8 My friends scorn me: but mine eye poureth out tears unto God.

Reprove a scorner and he will hate you Prov 13:1 A wise son heareth his father's instruction: but a scorner heareth not rebuke.

A scorner does not hear rebuke Prov 14:6 A scorner seeketh wisdom, and findeth it not: but knowledge is easy unto him that understandeth.

A scorner seeks for wisdom but does not find it Prov 22:10 Cast out the scorner, and contention shall go out; yea, strife and reproach shall cease.

Scorner’s cause contention, strife and reproach Prov 24:9 …the scorner is an abomination to men. Prov 3:34 Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he giveth grace unto the lowly.

The scorners do not receive grace Prov 19:29 Judgments are prepared for scorners, and stripes for the back of fools.

A scorner does not stand in the judgment 1:2 But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night.

Delighting in the law: Ps 40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.

Delighting to do the will of God will result in having the law written in our hearts Ps 119:70-71 [70] Their heart is as fat as grease; but I delight in thy law. [71] It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes.

Affliction causes us to learn God’s statutes Ps 119:77 Let thy tender mercies come unto me, that I may live: for thy law is my delight.

It leads to mercy from God Ps 119:174 I have longed for thy salvation, O LORD; and thy law is my delight.

It leads to a longing for salvation Ps 37:4 Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart.


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If you delight yourself in the Lord, He will give you the desires of your heart Is 58:13-14 [13] ¶ If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words: [14] Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

Delighting in the law is specifically related to the Sabbath commandment Jer 6:10-11 [10] To whom shall I speak, and give warning, that they may hear? behold, their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot hearken: behold, the word of the LORD is unto them a reproach; they have no delight in it. [11] Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD; I am weary with holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad, and upon the assembly of young men together: for even the husband with the wife shall be taken, the aged with him that is full of days.

God’s wrath will be poured out upon those that do not delight in His law Ps 119:11-16 [11] Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against thee. [12] Blessed art thou, O LORD: teach me thy statutes. [13] With my lips have I declared all the judgments of thy mouth. [14] I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches. [15] I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect unto thy ways. [16] I will delight myself in thy statutes: I will not forget thy word.

Not sinning against God GC88 478 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly. . . . But his delight is in the law of the Lord; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper." [PS. 1:1-3.] It is only as the law of God is restored to its rightful position that there can be a revival of primitive faith and godliness among his professed people. "Thus saith the Lord, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls." [JER. 6:16.] 1:3 And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. 1:4 The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away. 1:5 Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous. 1:6 For the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish.


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Chapter 2 2:1 Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? 2:2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, 2:3 Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. 2:4 He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. 2:5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. 2:6 Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. 2:7 I will declare the decree: the LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee. 2:8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. 2:9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. 2:10 Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth. 2:11 Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. 2:12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him.


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Chapter 3 3:1 A Psalm of David, when he fled from Absalom his son. LORD, how are they increased that trouble me! many are they that rise up against me. 3:2 Many there be which say of my soul, There is no help for him in God. Selah. 3:3 But thou, O LORD, art a shield for me; my glory, and the lifter up of mine head. 3:4 I cried unto the LORD with my voice, and he heard me out of his holy hill. Selah. 3:5 I laid me down and slept; I awaked; for the LORD sustained me. 3:6 I will not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set themselves against me round about. 3:7 Arise, O LORD; save me, O my God: for thou hast smitten all mine enemies upon the cheek bone; thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly. 3:8 Salvation belongeth unto the LORD: thy blessing is upon thy people. Selah.


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Chapter 4 4:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm of David. Hear me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer. 4:2 O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah. 4:3 But know that the LORD hath set apart him that is godly for himself: the LORD will hear when I call unto him. 4:4 Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah. 4:5 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the LORD. 4:6 There be many that say, Who will shew us any good? LORD, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. 4:7 Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased. 4:8 I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: for thou, LORD, only makest me dwell in safety.


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Chapter 5 5:1 To the chief Musician upon Nehiloth, A Psalm of David. Give ear to my words, O LORD, consider my meditation. 5:2 Hearken unto the voice of my cry, my King, and my God: for unto thee will I pray. 5:3 My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O LORD; in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up. 5:4 For thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness: neither shall evil dwell with thee. 5:5 The foolish shall not stand in thy sight: thou hatest all workers of iniquity. 5:6 Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the LORD will abhor the bloody and deceitful man. 5:7 But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: and in thy fear will I worship toward thy holy temple. 5:8 Lead me, O LORD, in thy righteousness because of mine enemies; make thy way straight before my face. 5:9 For there is no faithfulness in their mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with their tongue. 5:10 Destroy thou them, O God; let them fall by their own counsels; cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions; for they have rebelled against thee. 5:11 But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoice: let them ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them: let them also that love thy name be joyful in thee. 5:12 For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favour wilt thou compass him as with a shield.


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Chapter 6 6:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth upon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. 6:2 Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. 6:3 My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long? 6:4 Return, O LORD, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies' sake. 6:5 For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks? 6:6 I am weary with my groaning; all the night make I my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears. 6:7 Mine eye is consumed because of grief; it waxeth old because of all mine enemies. 6:8 Depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity; for the LORD hath heard the voice of my weeping. 6:9 The LORD hath heard my supplication; the LORD will receive my prayer. 6:10 Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return and be ashamed suddenly.


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Chapter 7 7:1 Shiggaion of David, which he sang unto the LORD, concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite. O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me: 7:2 Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver. 7:3 O LORD my God, if I have done this; if there be iniquity in my hands; 7:4 If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me; (yea, I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:) 7:5 Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread down my life upon the earth, and lay mine honour in the dust. Selah. 7:6 Arise, O LORD, in thine anger, lift up thyself because of the rage of mine enemies: and awake for me to the judgment that thou hast commanded. 7:7 So shall the congregation of the people compass thee about: for their sakes therefore return thou on high. 7:8 The LORD shall judge the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me. 7:9 Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. 7:10 My defence is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. 7:11 God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day. 7:12 If he turn not, he will whet his sword; he hath bent his bow, and made it ready. 7:13 He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death; he ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors. 7:14 Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. 7:15 He made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made. 7:16 His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. 7:17 I will praise the LORD according to his righteousness: and will sing praise to the name of the LORD most high.


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Chapter 8 8:1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of David. O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens. 8:2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. 8:3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; 8:4 What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him? 8:5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour. 8:6 Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet: 8:7 All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; 8:8 The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas. 8:9 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!


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Chapter 9 9:1 To the chief Musician upon Muthlabben, A Psalm of David. I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works. 9:2 I will be glad and rejoice in thee: I will sing praise to thy name, O thou most High. 9:3 When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence. 9:4 For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the throne judging right. 9:5 Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever. 9:6 O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them. 9:7 But the LORD shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment. 9:8 And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness. 9:9 The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble. 9:10 And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee. 9:11 Sing praises to the LORD, which dwelleth in Zion: declare among the people his doings. 9:12 When he maketh inquisition for blood, he remembereth them: he forgetteth not the cry of the humble. 9:13 Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death: 9:14 That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion: I will rejoice in thy salvation. 9:15 The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own foot taken. 9:16 The LORD is known by the judgment which he executeth: the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Higgaion. Selah. 9:17 The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God. 9:18 For the needy shall not alway be forgotten: the expectation of the poor shall not perish for ever. 9:19 Arise, O LORD; let not man prevail: let the heathen be judged in thy sight. 9:20 Put them in fear, O LORD: that the nations may know themselves to be but men. Selah.


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Chapter 10 10:1 Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble? 10:2 The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined. 10:3 For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, and blesseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth. 10:4 The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts. 10:5 His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them. 10:6 He hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for I shall never be in adversity. 10:7 His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity. 10:8 He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor. 10:9 He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net. 10:10 He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones. 10:11 He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it. 10:12 Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up thine hand: forget not the humble. 10:13 Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it. 10:14 Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy hand: the poor committeth himself unto thee; thou art the helper of the fatherless. 10:15 Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his wickedness till thou find none. 10:16 The LORD is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land. 10:17 LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear: 10:18 To judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress.


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Chapter 11 11:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. In the LORD put I my trust: how say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? 11:2 For, lo, the wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string, that they may privily shoot at the upright in heart. 11:3 If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do? 11:4 The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD'S throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. 11:5 The LORD trieth the righteous: but the wicked and him that loveth violence his soul hateth. 11:6 Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup. 11:7 For the righteous LORD loveth righteousness; his countenance doth behold the upright.


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Chapter 12 12:1 To the chief Musician upon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. Help, LORD; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. 12:2 They speak vanity every one with his neighbour: with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak. 12:3 The LORD shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that speaketh proud things: 12:4 Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our own: who is lord over us? 12:5 For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the LORD; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him. 12:6 The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. 12:7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever. 12:8 The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted.


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Chapter 13 13:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. How long wilt thou forget me, O LORD? for ever? how long wilt thou hide thy face from me? 13:2 How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? 13:3 Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten mine eyes, lest I sleep the sleep of death; 13:4 Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him; and those that trouble me rejoice when I am moved. 13:5 But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy salvation. 13:6 I will sing unto the LORD, because he hath dealt bountifully with me.


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Chapter 14 14:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. 14:2 The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. 14:3 They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 14:4 Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD. 14:5 There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of the righteous. 14:6 Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the LORD is his refuge. 14:7 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! when the LORD bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.


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Chapter 15 15:1 A Psalm of David. LORD, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? 15:2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart. 15:3 He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour. 15:4 In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the LORD. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not. 15:5 He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved.


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Chapter 16 16:1 Michtam of David. Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust. 16:2 O my soul, thou hast said unto the LORD, Thou art my Lord: my goodness extendeth not to thee; 16:3 But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight. 16:4 Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips. 16:5 The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot. 16:6 The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage. 16:7 I will bless the LORD, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons. 16:8 I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. 16:9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also shall rest in hope. 16:10 For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. 16:11 Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.


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Chapter 17 17:1 A Prayer of David. Hear the right, O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. 17:2 Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes behold the things that are equal. 17:3 Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress. 17:4 Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer. 17:5 Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not. 17:6 I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline thine ear unto me, and hear my speech. 17:7 Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up against them. 17:8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings, 17:9 From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly enemies, who compass me about. 17:10 They are inclosed in their own fat: with their mouth they speak proudly. 17:11 They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth; 17:12 Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places. 17:13 Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword: 17:14 From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes. 17:15 As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness.


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Chapter 18 18:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, the servant of the LORD, who spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul: And he said, I will love thee, O LORD, my strength. 18:2 The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower. 18:3 I will call upon the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. 18:4 The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid. 18:5 The sorrows of hell compassed me about: the snares of death prevented me. 18:6 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even into his ears. 18:7 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. 18:8 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. 18:9 He bowed the heavens also, and came down: and darkness was under his feet. 18:10 And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: yea, he did fly upon the wings of the wind. 18:11 He made darkness his secret place; his pavilion round about him were dark waters and thick clouds of the skies. 18:12 At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed, hail stones and coals of fire. 18:13 The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Highest gave his voice; hail stones and coals of fire. 18:14 Yea, he sent out his arrows, and scattered them; and he shot out lightnings, and discomfited them. 18:15 Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered at thy rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. 18:16 He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters. 18:17 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them which hated me: for they were too strong for me. 18:18 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay. 18:19 He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me. 18:20 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. 18:21 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God.


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18:22 For all his judgments were before me, and I did not put away his statutes from me. 18:23 I was also upright before him, and I kept myself from mine iniquity. 18:24 Therefore hath the LORD recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his eyesight. 18:25 With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful; with an upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright; 18:26 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself froward. 18:27 For thou wilt save the afflicted people; but wilt bring down high looks. 18:28 For thou wilt light my candle: the LORD my God will enlighten my darkness. 18:29 For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall. 18:30 As for God, his way is perfect: the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all those that trust in him. 18:31 For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God? 18:32 It is God that girdeth me with strength, and maketh my way perfect. 18:33 He maketh my feet like hinds' feet, and setteth me upon my high places. 18:34 He teacheth my hands to war, so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. 18:35 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy right hand hath holden me up, and thy gentleness hath made me great. 18:36 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me, that my feet did not slip. 18:37 I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed. 18:38 I have wounded them that they were not able to rise: they are fallen under my feet. 18:39 For thou hast girded me with strength unto the battle: thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me. 18:40 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me. 18:41 They cried, but there was none to save them: even unto the LORD, but he answered them not. 18:42 Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets. 18:43 Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a people whom I have not known shall serve me. 18:44 As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me.


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18:45 The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close places. 18:46 The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and let the God of my salvation be exalted. 18:47 It is God that avengeth me, and subdueth the people under me. 18:48 He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. 18:49 Therefore will I give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and sing praises unto thy name. 18:50 Great deliverance giveth he to his king; and sheweth mercy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore.


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Chapter 19 19:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. 19:2 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. 19:3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. 19:4 Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, 19:5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. 19:6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. 19:7 The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. 19:8 The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. 19:9 The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. 19:10 More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. 19:11 Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. 19:12 Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults. 19:13 Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression. 19:14 Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O LORD, my strength, and my redeemer.


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Chapter 20 20:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The LORD hear thee in the day of trouble; the name of the God of Jacob defend thee; 20:2 Send thee help from the sanctuary, and strengthen thee out of Zion; 20:3 Remember all thy offerings, and accept thy burnt sacrifice; Selah. 20:4 Grant thee according to thine own heart, and fulfil all thy counsel. 20:5 We will rejoice in thy salvation, and in the name of our God we will set up our banners: the LORD fulfil all thy petitions. 20:6 Now know I that the LORD saveth his anointed; he will hear him from his holy heaven with the saving strength of his right hand. 20:7 Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember the name of the LORD our God. 20:8 They are brought down and fallen: but we are risen, and stand upright. 20:9 Save, LORD: let the king hear us when we call.


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Chapter 21 21:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The king shall joy in thy strength, O LORD; and in thy salvation how greatly shall he rejoice! 21:2 Thou hast given him his heart's desire, and hast not withholden the request of his lips. Selah. 21:3 For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness: thou settest a crown of pure gold on his head. 21:4 He asked life of thee, and thou gavest it him, even length of days for ever and ever. 21:5 His glory is great in thy salvation: honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him. 21:6 For thou hast made him most blessed for ever: thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance. 21:7 For the king trusteth in the LORD, and through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved. 21:8 Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee. 21:9 Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger: the LORD shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour them. 21:10 Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth, and their seed from among the children of men. 21:11 For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous device, which they are not able to perform. 21:12 Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back, when thou shalt make ready thine arrows upon thy strings against the face of them. 21:13 Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength: so will we sing and praise thy power.


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Chapter 22 22:1 To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? 22:2 O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent. 22:3 But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. 22:4 Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, and thou didst deliver them. 22:5 They cried unto thee, and were delivered: they trusted in thee, and were not confounded. 22:6 But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people. 22:7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, 22:8 He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him. 22:9 But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother's breasts. 22:10 I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother's belly. 22:11 Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. 22:12 Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. 22:13 They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion. 22:14 I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. 22:15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death. 22:16 For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet. 22:17 I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me. 22:18 They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture. 22:19 But be not thou far from me, O LORD: O my strength, haste thee to help me. 22:20 Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the dog. 22:21 Save me from the lion's mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns. 22:22 I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee. 22:23 Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.


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22:24 For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard. 22:25 My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him. 22:26 The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever. 22:27 All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee. 22:28 For the kingdom is the LORD'S: and he is the governor among the nations. 22:29 All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul. 22:30 A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation. 22:31 They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.


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Chapter 23 23:1 A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. 23:2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. 23:3 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 23:4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. 23:5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. 23:6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever.


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Chapter 24 24:1 A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD'S, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. 24:2 For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods. 24:3 Who shall ascend into the hill of the LORD? or who shall stand in his holy place? 24:4 He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully. 24:5 He shall receive the blessing from the LORD, and righteousness from the God of his salvation. 24:6 This is the generation of them that seek him, that seek thy face, O Jacob. Selah. 24:7 Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. 24:8 Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle. 24:9 Lift up your heads, O ye gates; even lift them up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. 24:10 Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of glory. Selah.


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Chapter 25 25:1 A Psalm of David. Unto thee, O LORD, do I lift up my soul. 25:2 O my God, I trust in thee: let me not be ashamed, let not mine enemies triumph over me. 25:3 Yea, let none that wait on thee be ashamed: let them be ashamed which transgress without cause. 25:4 Shew me thy ways, O LORD; teach me thy paths. 25:5 Lead me in thy truth, and teach me: for thou art the God of my salvation; on thee do I wait all the day. 25:6 Remember, O LORD, thy tender mercies and thy lovingkindnesses; for they have been ever of old. 25:7 Remember not the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions: according to thy mercy remember thou me for thy goodness' sake, O LORD. 25:8 Good and upright is the LORD: therefore will he teach sinners in the way. 25:9 The meek will he guide in judgment: and the meek will he teach his way. 25:10 All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keep his covenant and his testimonies. 25:11 For thy name's sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity; for it is great. 25:12 What man is he that feareth the LORD? him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. 25:13 His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth. 25:14 The secret of the LORD is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant. 25:15 Mine eyes are ever toward the LORD; for he shall pluck my feet out of the net. 25:16 Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me; for I am desolate and afflicted. 25:17 The troubles of my heart are enlarged: O bring thou me out of my distresses. 25:18 Look upon mine affliction and my pain; and forgive all my sins. 25:19 Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred. 25:20 O keep my soul, and deliver me: let me not be ashamed; for I put my trust in thee. 25:21 Let integrity and uprightness preserve me; for I wait on thee. 25:22 Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.


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Chapter 26 26:1 A Psalm of David. Judge me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity: I have trusted also in the LORD; therefore I shall not slide. 26:2 Examine me, O LORD, and prove me; try my reins and my heart. 26:3 For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes: and I have walked in thy truth. 26:4 I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in with dissemblers. 26:5 I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked. 26:6 I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD: 26:7 That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. 26:8 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth. 26:9 Gather not my soul with sinners, nor my life with bloody men: 26:10 In whose hands is mischief, and their right hand is full of bribes. 26:11 But as for me, I will walk in mine integrity: redeem me, and be merciful unto me. 26:12 My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I bless the LORD.


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Chapter 27 27:1 A Psalm of David. The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? the LORD is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? 27:2 When the wicked, even mine enemies and my foes, came upon me to eat up my flesh, they stumbled and fell. 27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. 27:4 One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple. 27:5 For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock. 27:6 And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me: therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises unto the LORD. 27:7 Hear, O LORD, when I cry with my voice: have mercy also upon me, and answer me. 27:8 When thou saidst, Seek ye my face; my heart said unto thee, Thy face, LORD, will I seek. 27:9 Hide not thy face far from me; put not thy servant away in anger: thou hast been my help; leave me not, neither forsake me, O God of my salvation. 27:10 When my father and my mother forsake me, then the LORD will take me up. 27:11 Teach me thy way, O LORD, and lead me in a plain path, because of mine enemies. 27:12 Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty. 27:13 I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the LORD in the land of the living. 27:14 Wait on the LORD: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart: wait, I say, on the LORD.


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Chapter 28 28:1 A Psalm of David. Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit. 28:2 Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle. 28:3 Draw me not away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief is in their hearts. 28:4 Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert. 28:5 Because they regard not the works of the LORD, nor the operation of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up. 28:6 Blessed be the LORD, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications. 28:7 The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, and I am helped: therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth; and with my song will I praise him. 28:8 The LORD is their strength, and he is the saving strength of his anointed. 28:9 Save thy people, and bless thine inheritance: feed them also, and lift them up for ever.


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Chapter 29 29:1 A Psalm of David. Give unto the LORD, O ye mighty, give unto the LORD glory and strength. 29:2 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name; worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. 29:3 The voice of the LORD is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the LORD is upon many waters. 29:4 The voice of the LORD is powerful; the voice of the LORD is full of majesty. 29:5 The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon. 29:6 He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn. 29:7 The voice of the LORD divideth the flames of fire. 29:8 The voice of the LORD shaketh the wilderness; the LORD shaketh the wilderness of Kadesh. 29:9 The voice of the LORD maketh the hinds to calve, and discovereth the forests: and in his temple doth every one speak of his glory. 29:10 The LORD sitteth upon the flood; yea, the LORD sitteth King for ever. 29:11 The LORD will give strength unto his people; the LORD will bless his people with peace.


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Chapter 30 30:1 A Psalm and Song at the dedication of the house of David. I will extol thee, O LORD; for thou hast lifted me up, and hast not made my foes to rejoice over me. 30:2 O LORD my God, I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me. 30:3 O LORD, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit. 30:4 Sing unto the LORD, O ye saints of his, and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. 30:5 For his anger endureth but a moment; in his favour is life: weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning. 30:6 And in my prosperity I said, I shall never be moved. 30:7 LORD, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled. 30:8 I cried to thee, O LORD; and unto the LORD I made supplication. 30:9 What profit is there in my blood, when I go down to the pit? Shall the dust praise thee? shall it declare thy truth? 30:10 Hear, O LORD, and have mercy upon me: LORD, be thou my helper. 30:11 Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing: thou hast put off my sackcloth, and girded me with gladness; 30:12 To the end that my glory may sing praise to thee, and not be silent. O LORD my God, I will give thanks unto thee for ever.


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Chapter 31 31:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust; let me never be ashamed: deliver me in thy righteousness. 31:2 Bow down thine ear to me; deliver me speedily: be thou my strong rock, for an house of defence to save me. 31:3 For thou art my rock and my fortress; therefore for thy name's sake lead me, and guide me. 31:4 Pull me out of the net that they have laid privily for me: for thou art my strength. 31:5 Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth. 31:6 I have hated them that regard lying vanities: but I trust in the LORD. 31:7 I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy: for thou hast considered my trouble; thou hast known my soul in adversities; 31:8 And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy: thou hast set my feet in a large room. 31:9 Have mercy upon me, O LORD, for I am in trouble: mine eye is consumed with grief, yea, my soul and my belly. 31:10 For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed. 31:11 I was a reproach among all mine enemies, but especially among my neighbours, and a fear to mine acquaintance: they that did see me without fled from me. 31:12 I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind: I am like a broken vessel. 31:13 For I have heard the slander of many: fear was on every side: while they took counsel together against me, they devised to take away my life. 31:14 But I trusted in thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my God. 31:15 My times are in thy hand: deliver me from the hand of mine enemies, and from them that persecute me. 31:16 Make thy face to shine upon thy servant: save me for thy mercies' sake. 31:17 Let me not be ashamed, O LORD; for I have called upon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the grave. 31:18 Let the lying lips be put to silence; which speak grievous things proudly and contemptuously against the righteous. 31:19 Oh how great is thy goodness, which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee; which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee before the sons of men! 31:20 Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.


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31:21 Blessed be the LORD: for he hath shewed me his marvellous kindness in a strong city. 31:22 For I said in my haste, I am cut off from before thine eyes: nevertheless thou heardest the voice of my supplications when I cried unto thee. 31:23 O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer. 31:24 Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen your heart, all ye that hope in the LORD.


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Chapter 32 32:1 A Psalm of David, Maschil. Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. 32:2 Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile. 32:3 When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long. 32:4 For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me: my moisture is turned into the drought of summer. Selah. 32:5 I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah. 32:6 For this shall every one that is godly pray unto thee in a time when thou mayest be found: surely in the floods of great waters they shall not come nigh unto him. 32:7 Thou art my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from trouble; thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah. 32:8 I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye. 32:9 Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest they come near unto thee. 32:10 Many sorrows shall be to the wicked: but he that trusteth in the LORD, mercy shall compass him about. 32:11 Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, ye righteous: and shout for joy, all ye that are upright in heart.


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Chapter 33 33:1 Rejoice in the LORD, O ye righteous: for praise is comely for the upright. 33:2 Praise the LORD with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings. 33:3 Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise. 33:4 For the word of the LORD is right; and all his works are done in truth. 33:5 He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the LORD. 33:6 By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth. 33:7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses. 33:8 Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him. 33:9 For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast. 33:10 The LORD bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought: he maketh the devices of the people of none effect. 33:11 The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations. 33:12 Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance. 33:13 The LORD looketh from heaven; he beholdeth all the sons of men. 33:14 From the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth. 33:15 He fashioneth their hearts alike; he considereth all their works. 33:16 There is no king saved by the multitude of an host: a mighty man is not delivered by much strength. 33:17 An horse is a vain thing for safety: neither shall he deliver any by his great strength. 33:18 Behold, the eye of the LORD is upon them that fear him, upon them that hope in his mercy; 33:19 To deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine. 33:20 Our soul waiteth for the LORD: he is our help and our shield. 33:21 For our heart shall rejoice in him, because we have trusted in his holy name. 33:22 Let thy mercy, O LORD, be upon us, according as we hope in thee.


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Chapter 34 Ps 59:3 For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not [for] my transgression, nor [for] my sin, O LORD. Ps 34:7 The angel of the LORD encampeth round about them that fear him, and delivereth them. PP 654 34:1 A Psalm of David, when he changed his behaviour before Abimelech; who drove him away, and he departed. I will bless the LORD at all times: his praise shall continually be in my mouth.

Note: Abimelech (in genesis that was the title of a philistine king. This is achish too.) 34:2 My soul shall make her boast in the LORD: the humble shall hear thereof, and be glad. 34:3 O magnify the LORD with me, and let us exalt his name together. 34:4 I sought the LORD, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my fears. 34:5 They looked unto him, and were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed. 34:6 This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him, and saved him out of all his troubles.

When he calls himself a poor man, he knows that he is prone to fall. 34:7 The angel of the LORD encampeth round about them that fear him, and delivereth them.

This language shows more confidence, but humility is still there. 34:8 O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him. 34:9 O fear the LORD, ye his saints: for there is no want to them that fear him. 34:10 The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger: but they that seek the LORD shall not want any good thing. 34:11 Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the LORD. 34:12 What man is he that desireth life, and loveth many days, that he may see good? 34:13 Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. 34:14 Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it. 34:15 The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, and his ears are open unto their cry. 34:16 The face of the LORD is against them that do evil, to cut off the remembrance of them from the earth. 34:17 The righteous cry, and the LORD heareth, and delivereth them out of all their troubles.

This shows he knows what it means to fall and be restored. The lord comes close to those who feel


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bad for what they have done. 34:18 The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit.

Verse 18 shows the difference between David and Saul. When David sinned his heart broke. The HS subdued him. When Saul sinned his heart heartened and he refused to repent. 34:19 Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the LORD delivereth him out of them all. 34:20 He keepeth all his bones: not one of them is broken. 34:21 Evil shall slay the wicked: and they that hate the righteous shall be desolate. 34:22 The LORD redeemeth the soul of his servants: and none of them that trust in him shall be desolate.


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Chapter 35 35:1 A Psalm of David. Plead my cause, O LORD, with them that strive with me: fight against them that fight against me. 35:2 Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help. 35:3 Draw out also the spear, and stop the way against them that persecute me: say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. 35:4 Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt. 35:5 Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the LORD chase them. 35:6 Let their way be dark and slippery: and let the angel of the LORD persecute them. 35:7 For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit, which without cause they have digged for my soul. 35:8 Let destruction come upon him at unawares; and let his net that he hath hid catch himself: into that very destruction let him fall. 35:9 And my soul shall be joyful in the LORD: it shall rejoice in his salvation. 35:10 All my bones shall say, LORD, who is like unto thee, which deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, yea, the poor and the needy from him that spoileth him? 35:11 False witnesses did rise up; they laid to my charge things that I knew not. 35:12 They rewarded me evil for good to the spoiling of my soul. 35:13 But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returned into mine own bosom. 35:14 I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother. 35:15 But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased not: 35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth. 35:17 Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their destructions, my darling from the lions. 35:18 I will give thee thanks in the great congregation: I will praise thee among much people. 35:19 Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. 35:20 For they speak not peace: but they devise deceitful matters against them that are quiet in the land. 35:21 Yea, they opened their mouth wide against me, and said, Aha, aha, our eye hath seen it.


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35:22 This thou hast seen, O LORD: keep not silence: O Lord, be not far from me. 35:23 Stir up thyself, and awake to my judgment, even unto my cause, my God and my Lord. 35:24 Judge me, O LORD my God, according to thy righteousness; and let them not rejoice over me. 35:25 Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up. 35:26 Let them be ashamed and brought to confusion together that rejoice at mine hurt: let them be clothed with shame and dishonour that magnify themselves against me. 35:27 Let them shout for joy, and be glad, that favour my righteous cause: yea, let them say continually, Let the LORD be magnified, which hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servant. 35:28 And my tongue shall speak of thy righteousness and of thy praise all the day long.


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Chapter 36 36:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD. The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes. 36:2 For he flattereth himself in his own eyes, until his iniquity be found to be hateful. 36:3 The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit: he hath left off to be wise, and to do good. 36:4 He deviseth mischief upon his bed; he setteth himself in a way that is not good; he abhorreth not evil. 36:5 Thy mercy, O LORD, is in the heavens; and thy faithfulness reacheth unto the clouds. 36:6 Thy righteousness is like the great mountains; thy judgments are a great deep: O LORD, thou preservest man and beast. 36:7 How excellent is thy lovingkindness, O God! therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings. 36:8 They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of thy house; and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thy pleasures. 36:9 For with thee is the fountain of life: in thy light shall we see light. 36:10 O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart. 36:11 Let not the foot of pride come against me, and let not the hand of the wicked remove me. 36:12 There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise.


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Chapter 37 37:1 A Psalm of David. Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity. 37:2 For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the green herb. 37:3 Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed. 37:4 Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart. 37:5 Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass. 37:6 And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday. 37:7 Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass. 37:8 Cease from anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise to do evil. 37:9 For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the LORD, they shall inherit the earth. 37:10 For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be. 37:11 But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace. 37:12 The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth. 37:13 The Lord shall laugh at him: for he seeth that his day is coming. 37:14 The wicked have drawn out the sword, and have bent their bow, to cast down the poor and needy, and to slay such as be of upright conversation. 37:15 Their sword shall enter into their own heart, and their bows shall be broken. 37:16 A little that a righteous man hath is better than the riches of many wicked. 37:17 For the arms of the wicked shall be broken: but the LORD upholdeth the righteous. 37:18 The LORD knoweth the days of the upright: and their inheritance shall be for ever. 37:19 They shall not be ashamed in the evil time: and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied. 37:20 But the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs: they shall consume; into smoke shall they consume away. 37:21 The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth. 37:22 For such as be blessed of him shall inherit the earth; and they that be cursed of him shall be cut off. 37:23 The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way. 37:24 Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD upholdeth him with his hand.


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37:25 I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. 37:26 He is ever merciful, and lendeth; and his seed is blessed. 37:27 Depart from evil, and do good; and dwell for evermore. 37:28 For the LORD loveth judgment, and forsaketh not his saints; they are preserved for ever: but the seed of the wicked shall be cut off. 37:29 The righteous shall inherit the land, and dwell therein for ever. 37:30 The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdom, and his tongue talketh of judgment. 37:31 The law of his God is in his heart; none of his steps shall slide. 37:32 The wicked watcheth the righteous, and seeketh to slay him. 37:33 The LORD will not leave him in his hand, nor condemn him when he is judged. 37:34 Wait on the LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land: when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see it. 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree. 37:36 Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but he could not be found. 37:37 Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of that man is peace. 37:38 But the transgressors shall be destroyed together: the end of the wicked shall be cut off. 37:39 But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: he is their strength in the time of trouble. 37:40 And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him.


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Chapter 38 38:1 A Psalm of David, to bring to remembrance. O LORD, rebuke me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. 38:2 For thine arrows stick fast in me, and thy hand presseth me sore. 38:3 There is no soundness in my flesh because of thine anger; neither is there any rest in my bones because of my sin. 38:4 For mine iniquities are gone over mine head: as an heavy burden they are too heavy for me. 38:5 My wounds stink and are corrupt because of my foolishness. 38:6 I am troubled; I am bowed down greatly; I go mourning all the day long. 38:7 For my loins are filled with a loathsome disease: and there is no soundness in my flesh. 38:8 I am feeble and sore broken: I have roared by reason of the disquietness of my heart. 38:9 Lord, all my desire is before thee; and my groaning is not hid from thee. 38:10 My heart panteth, my strength faileth me: as for the light of mine eyes, it also is gone from me. 38:11 My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore; and my kinsmen stand afar off. 38:12 They also that seek after my life lay snares for me: and they that seek my hurt speak mischievous things, and imagine deceits all the day long. 38:13 But I, as a deaf man, heard not; and I was as a dumb man that openeth not his mouth. 38:14 Thus I was as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no reproofs. 38:15 For in thee, O LORD, do I hope: thou wilt hear, O Lord my God. 38:16 For I said, Hear me, lest otherwise they should rejoice over me: when my foot slippeth, they magnify themselves against me. 38:17 For I am ready to halt, and my sorrow is continually before me. 38:18 For I will declare mine iniquity; I will be sorry for my sin. 38:19 But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. 38:20 They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; because I follow the thing that good is. 38:21 Forsake me not, O LORD: O my God, be not far from me. 38:22 Make haste to help me, O Lord my salvation.


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Chapter 39 39:1 To the chief Musician, even to Jeduthun, A Psalm of David. I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before me. 39:2 I was dumb with silence, I held my peace, even from good; and my sorrow was stirred. 39:3 My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: then spake I with my tongue, 39:4 LORD, make me to know mine end, and the measure of my days, what it is; that I may know how frail I am. 39:5 Behold, thou hast made my days as an handbreadth; and mine age is as nothing before thee: verily every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Selah. 39:6 Surely every man walketh in a vain shew: surely they are disquieted in vain: he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them. 39:7 And now, Lord, what wait I for? my hope is in thee. 39:8 Deliver me from all my transgressions: make me not the reproach of the foolish. 39:9 I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because thou didst it. 39:10 Remove thy stroke away from me: I am consumed by the blow of thine hand. 39:11 When thou with rebukes dost correct man for iniquity, thou makest his beauty to consume away like a moth: surely every man is vanity. Selah. 39:12 Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were. 39:13 O spare me, that I may recover strength, before I go hence, and be no more.


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Chapter 40 40:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. I waited patiently for the LORD; and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry. 40:2 He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings. 40:3 And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the LORD. 40:4 Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies. 40:5 Many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which are to us-ward: they cannot be reckoned up in order unto thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be numbered. 40:6 Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. 40:7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me, 40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart. 40:9 I have preached righteousness in the great congregation: lo, I have not refrained my lips, O LORD, thou knowest. 40:10 I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation. 40:11 Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me, O LORD: let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me. 40:12 For innumerable evils have compassed me about: mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of mine head: therefore my heart faileth me. 40:13 Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me: O LORD, make haste to help me. 40:14 Let them be ashamed and confounded together that seek after my soul to destroy it; let them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil. 40:15 Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha. 40:16 Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: let such as love thy salvation say continually, The LORD be magnified. 40:17 But I am poor and needy; yet the Lord thinketh upon me: thou art my help and my deliverer; make no tarrying, O my God.


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Chapter 41 41:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the LORD will deliver him in time of trouble. 41:2 The LORD will preserve him, and keep him alive; and he shall be blessed upon the earth: and thou wilt not deliver him unto the will of his enemies. 41:3 The LORD will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing: thou wilt make all his bed in his sickness. 41:4 I said, LORD, be merciful unto me: heal my soul; for I have sinned against thee. 41:5 Mine enemies speak evil of me, When shall he die, and his name perish? 41:6 And if he come to see me, he speaketh vanity: his heart gathereth iniquity to itself; when he goeth abroad, he telleth it. 41:7 All that hate me whisper together against me: against me do they devise my hurt. 41:8 An evil disease, say they, cleaveth fast unto him: and now that he lieth he shall rise up no more. 41:9 Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me. 41:10 But thou, O LORD, be merciful unto me, and raise me up, that I may requite them. 41:11 By this I know that thou favourest me, because mine enemy doth not triumph over me. 41:12 And as for me, thou upholdest me in mine integrity, and settest me before thy face for ever. 41:13 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting, and to everlasting. Amen, and Amen.


891

Chapter 42 42:1 To the chief Musician, Maschil, for the sons of Korah. As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. 42:2 My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God: when shall I come and appear before God? 42:3 My tears have been my meat day and night, while they continually say unto me, Where is thy God? 42:4 When I remember these things, I pour out my soul in me: for I had gone with the multitude, I went with them to the house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holyday. 42:5 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted in me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance. 42:6 O my God, my soul is cast down within me: therefore will I remember thee from the land of Jordan, and of the Hermonites, from the hill Mizar. 42:7 Deep calleth unto deep at the noise of thy waterspouts: all thy waves and thy billows are gone over me. 42:8 Yet the LORD will command his lovingkindness in the daytime, and in the night his song shall be with me, and my prayer unto the God of my life. 42:9 I will say unto God my rock, Why hast thou forgotten me? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? 42:10 As with a sword in my bones, mine enemies reproach me; while they say daily unto me, Where is thy God? 42:11 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God.


892

Chapter 43 43:1 Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. 43:2 For thou art the God of my strength: why dost thou cast me off? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? 43:3 O send out thy light and thy truth: let them lead me; let them bring me unto thy holy hill, and to thy tabernacles. 43:4 Then will I go unto the altar of God, unto God my exceeding joy: yea, upon the harp will I praise thee, O God my God. 43:5 Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God.


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Chapter 44 44:1 To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, Maschil. We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old. 44:2 How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out. 44:3 For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour unto them. 44:4 Thou art my King, O God: command deliverances for Jacob. 44:5 Through thee will we push down our enemies: through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. 44:6 For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. 44:7 But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to shame that hated us. 44:8 In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever. Selah. 44:9 But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies. 44:10 Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy: and they which hate us spoil for themselves. 44:11 Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat; and hast scattered us among the heathen. 44:12 Thou sellest thy people for nought, and dost not increase thy wealth by their price. 44:13 Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us. 44:14 Thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head among the people. 44:15 My confusion is continually before me, and the shame of my face hath covered me, 44:16 For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth; by reason of the enemy and avenger. 44:17 All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant. 44:18 Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way; 44:19 Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death. 44:20 If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god; 44:21 Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart. 44:22 Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter. 44:23 Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for ever.


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44:24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression? 44:25 For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto the earth. 44:26 Arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies' sake.


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Chapter 45 45:1 To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, for the sons of Korah, Maschil, A Song of loves. My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer. 45:2 Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever. 45:3 Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. 45:4 And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. 45:5 Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies; whereby the people fall under thee. 45:6 Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. 45:7 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. 45:8 All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. 45:9 Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir. 45:10 Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; 45:11 So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him. 45:12 And the daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; even the rich among the people shall intreat thy favour. 45:13 The king's daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold. 45:14 She shall be brought unto the king in raiment of needlework: the virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee. 45:15 With gladness and rejoicing shall they be brought: they shall enter into the king's palace. 45:16 Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth. 45:17 I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations: therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever.


896

Chapter 46 46:1 To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, A Song upon Alamoth. God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. 46:2 Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea; 46:3 Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah. 46:4 There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High. 46:5 God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved: God shall help her, and that right early. 46:6 The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he uttered his voice, the earth melted. 46:7 The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah. 46:8 Come, behold the works of the LORD, what desolations he hath made in the earth. 46:9 He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire. 46:10 Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth. 46:11 The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah.


897

Chapter 47 47:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. O clap your hands, all ye people; shout unto God with the voice of triumph. 47:2 For the LORD most high is terrible; he is a great King over all the earth. 47:3 He shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our feet. 47:4 He shall choose our inheritance for us, the excellency of Jacob whom he loved. Selah. 47:5 God is gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a trumpet. 47:6 Sing praises to God, sing praises: sing praises unto our King, sing praises. 47:7 For God is the King of all the earth: sing ye praises with understanding. 47:8 God reigneth over the heathen: God sitteth upon the throne of his holiness. 47:9 The princes of the people are gathered together, even the people of the God of Abraham: for the shields of the earth belong unto God: he is greatly exalted.


898

Chapter 48 48:1 A Song and Psalm for the sons of Korah. Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of his holiness. 48:2 Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King. 48:3 God is known in her palaces for a refuge. 48:4 For, lo, the kings were assembled, they passed by together. 48:5 They saw it, and so they marvelled; they were troubled, and hasted away. 48:6 Fear took hold upon them there, and pain, as of a woman in travail. 48:7 Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an east wind. 48:8 As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God: God will establish it for ever. Selah. 48:9 We have thought of thy lovingkindness, O God, in the midst of thy temple. 48:10 According to thy name, O God, so is thy praise unto the ends of the earth: thy right hand is full of righteousness. 48:11 Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daughters of Judah be glad, because of thy judgments. 48:12 Walk about Zion, and go round about her: tell the towers thereof. 48:13 Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following. 48:14 For this God is our God for ever and ever: he will be our guide even unto death.


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Chapter 49 49:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. Hear this, all ye people; give ear, all ye inhabitants of the world: 49:2 Both low and high, rich and poor, together. 49:3 My mouth shall speak of wisdom; and the meditation of my heart shall be of understanding. 49:4 I will incline mine ear to a parable: I will open my dark saying upon the harp. 49:5 Wherefore should I fear in the days of evil, when the iniquity of my heels shall compass me about? 49:6 They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; 49:7 None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him: 49:8 (For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for ever:) 49:9 That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. 49:10 For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. 49:11 Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for ever, and their dwelling places to all generations; they call their lands after their own names. 49:12 Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not: he is like the beasts that perish. 49:13 This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings. Selah. 49:14 Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling. 49:15 But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he shall receive me. Selah. 49:16 Be not thou afraid when one is made rich, when the glory of his house is increased; 49:17 For when he dieth he shall carry nothing away: his glory shall not descend after him. 49:18 Though while he lived he blessed his soul: and men will praise thee, when thou doest well to thyself. 49:19 He shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never see light. 49:20 Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish.


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Chapter 50 50:1 A Psalm of Asaph. The mighty God, even the LORD, hath spoken, and called the earth from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof. 50:2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined. 50:3 Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall devour before him, and it shall be very tempestuous round about him. 50:4 He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that he may judge his people. 50:5 Gather my saints together unto me; those that have made a covenant with me by sacrifice. 50:6 And the heavens shall declare his righteousness: for God is judge himself. Selah. 50:7 Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee: I am God, even thy God. 50:8 I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices or thy burnt offerings, to have been continually before me. 50:9 I will take no bullock out of thy house, nor he goats out of thy folds. 50:10 For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. 50:11 I know all the fowls of the mountains: and the wild beasts of the field are mine. 50:12 If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, and the fulness thereof. 50:13 Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? 50:14 Offer unto God thanksgiving; and pay thy vows unto the most High: 50:15 And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me. 50:16 But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to declare my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy mouth? 50:17 Seeing thou hatest instruction, and castest my words behind thee. 50:18 When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers. 50:19 Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit. 50:20 Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; thou slanderest thine own mother's son. 50:21 These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes. 50:22 Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver. 50:23 Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me: and to him that ordereth his conversation aright will I shew the salvation of God.


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Chapter 51 51:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba. Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. 51:2 Wash me throughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. 51:3 For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before me. 51:4 Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest. 51:5 Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me. 51:6 Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts: and in the hidden part thou shalt make me to know wisdom. 51:7 Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. 51:8 Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which thou hast broken may rejoice. 51:9 Hide thy face from my sins, and blot out all mine iniquities. 51:10 Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me. 51:11 Cast me not away from thy presence; and take not thy holy spirit from me. 51:12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit. 51:13 Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be converted unto thee. 51:14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, thou God of my salvation: and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousness. 51:15 O Lord, open thou my lips; and my mouth shall shew forth thy praise. 51:16 For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it: thou delightest not in burnt offering. 51:17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. 51:18 Do good in thy good pleasure unto Zion: build thou the walls of Jerusalem. 51:19 Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness, with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then shall they offer bullocks upon thine altar.


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Chapter 52 52:1 To the chief Musician, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when Doeg the Edomite came and told Saul, and said unto him, David is come to the house of Ahimelech. Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness of God endureth continually. 52:2 Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully. 52:3 Thou lovest evil more than good; and lying rather than to speak righteousness. Selah. 52:4 Thou lovest all devouring words, O thou deceitful tongue. 52:5 God shall likewise destroy thee for ever, he shall take thee away, and pluck thee out of thy dwelling place, and root thee out of the land of the living. Selah. 52:6 The righteous also shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him: 52:7 Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength; but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in his wickedness. 52:8 But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God: I trust in the mercy of God for ever and ever. 52:9 I will praise thee for ever, because thou hast done it: and I will wait on thy name; for it is good before thy saints.


903

Chapter 53 53:1 To the chief Musician upon Mahalath, Maschil, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth good. 53:2 God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God. 53:3 Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 53:4 Have the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread: they have not called upon God. 53:5 There were they in great fear, where no fear was: for God hath scattered the bones of him that encampeth against thee: thou hast put them to shame, because God hath despised them. 53:6 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! When God bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.


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Chapter 54 54:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when the Ziphims came and said to Saul, Doth not David hide himself with us? Save me, O God, by thy name, and judge me by thy strength. 54:2 Hear my prayer, O God; give ear to the words of my mouth. 54:3 For strangers are risen up against me, and oppressors seek after my soul: they have not set God before them. Selah. 54:4 Behold, God is mine helper: the Lord is with them that uphold my soul. 54:5 He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth. 54:6 I will freely sacrifice unto thee: I will praise thy name, O LORD; for it is good. 54:7 For he hath delivered me out of all trouble: and mine eye hath seen his desire upon mine enemies.


905

Chapter 55 55:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth, Maschil, A Psalm of David. Give ear to my prayer, O God; and hide not thyself from my supplication. 55:2 Attend unto me, and hear me: I mourn in my complaint, and make a noise; 55:3 Because of the voice of the enemy, because of the oppression of the wicked: for they cast iniquity upon me, and in wrath they hate me. 55:4 My heart is sore pained within me: and the terrors of death are fallen upon me. 55:5 Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. 55:6 And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest. 55:7 Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Selah. 55:8 I would hasten my escape from the windy storm and tempest. 55:9 Destroy, O Lord, and divide their tongues: for I have seen violence and strife in the city. 55:10 Day and night they go about it upon the walls thereof: mischief also and sorrow are in the midst of it. 55:11 Wickedness is in the midst thereof: deceit and guile depart not from her streets. 55:12 For it was not an enemy that reproached me; then I could have borne it: neither was it he that hated me that did magnify himself against me; then I would have hid myself from him: 55:13 But it was thou, a man mine equal, my guide, and mine acquaintance. 55:14 We took sweet counsel together, and walked unto the house of God in company. 55:15 Let death seize upon them, and let them go down quick into hell: for wickedness is in their dwellings, and among them. 55:16 As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me. 55:17 Evening, and morning, and at noon, will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice. 55:18 He hath delivered my soul in peace from the battle that was against me: for there were many with me. 55:19 God shall hear, and afflict them, even he that abideth of old. Selah. Because they have no changes, therefore they fear not God. 55:20 He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hath broken his covenant. 55:21 The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords. 55:22 Cast thy burden upon the LORD, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved.


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55:23 But thou, O God, shalt bring them down into the pit of destruction: bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days; but I will trust in thee.


907

Chapter 56 56:1 To the chief Musician upon Jonathelemrechokim, Michtam of David, when the Philistines took him in Gath. Be merciful unto me, O God: for man would swallow me up; he fighting daily oppresseth me. 56:2 Mine enemies would daily swallow me up: for they be many that fight against me, O thou most High. 56:3 What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee. 56:4 In God I will praise his word, in God I have put my trust; I will not fear what flesh can do unto me. 56:5 Every day they wrest my words: all their thoughts are against me for evil. 56:6 They gather themselves together, they hide themselves, they mark my steps, when they wait for my soul. 56:7 Shall they escape by iniquity? in thine anger cast down the people, O God. 56:8 Thou tellest my wanderings: put thou my tears into thy bottle: are they not in thy book? 56:9 When I cry unto thee, then shall mine enemies turn back: this I know; for God is for me. 56:10 In God will I praise his word: in the LORD will I praise his word. 56:11 In God have I put my trust: I will not be afraid what man can do unto me. 56:12 Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises unto thee. 56:13 For thou hast delivered my soul from death: wilt not thou deliver my feet from falling, that I may walk before God in the light of the living?


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Chapter 57 This Psalms is based off of 1 Samuel 22:1 When David fled to the cave of Adullam after receiving bread and the sword of Goliath from the priests and acting like a madman before the king of Achish. 3 Levels of contextual applications: Historical – interpretation Personal – what this means to my life (includes God's nature, etc.) Last Day Parallel – How it applies to us in the last days. *Note: Always keep in mind that the Psalms are a revelation of Christ. They All apply to Him. That goes without say. Luke 24:44 'and in the psalms, concerning me.' 57:1 To the chief Musician, Altaschith, Michtam of David, when he fled from Saul in the cave. Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me: for my soul trusteth in thee: yea, in the shadow of thy wings will I make my refuge, until these calamities be overpast.

(Contextual: Historical Interpretation: Layer 1): David was alone, but he was saying be merciful unto me and that he trusted in God. He was in a cave but he was saying you are my refuge. “calamities” – The calamities here is referring to Saul trying to kill him. People looking for him, etc. He was crying out to God while he was in the cave, who performed all things for him. What did He do? While he needed food God provided it for him. (Contextual Layer 2) Personal. While we face personal calamities, trials, hardships, etc. We can trust in God. He will perform all things for us. (Contextual: Layer 3) – This is the experience of the 144,000. When will we need to make refuge under the shadow (or care of God) until calamities be overpast? During the 7 last plagues. That is here. To make it clearer. Isa 26:20 Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast.

The same language is used. “Hide thyself for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast” – In Psalms it was calamities be overpast. Now the calamities are defined as? Indignation. Who's indignation? God's Isa 26:21 For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain.

When does He punish the inhabitants of the earth that commit iniquity? 2nd Coming [2 Thes 2:8; 1 Thess 4:16] but what event takes place before His second coming? The falling of the 7 last plagues. Rev 14:10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation;

His indignation refers to the wrath of God. What is the wrath of God?


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Rev 15:1 …even last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God. "

The 7 last plagues. So in Isaiah when it says hide thyself until the indignation be overpast, this is referring to the falling of the 7 last plagues. So the calamities that will fall are the 7 last plagues. Ps 57:2 They will be crying unto God who will perform their deliverance. And their bread and water shall be sure.

Note: This text can also extend to the executive judgment when the earth will no longer cover her slain. Contextual application: When do we see Christ being hid in a shadow? On the cross. Why? He was enduring the wrath of God. He experienced the judgment of God. All those who do not accept what He had done, will experience what Christ did at the falling of the 7 last plagues. (Close with this, Christ in the center) LRB: appeal…'O sacred head now wounded' 57:2 I will cry unto God most high; unto God that performeth all things for me. 57:3 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth. 57:4 My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.

He felt like he was being hunted all the time. 57:5 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens; let thy glory be above all the earth. 57:6 They have prepared a net for my steps; my soul is bowed down: they have digged a pit before me, into the midst whereof they are fallen themselves. Selah.

“net for my steps” – A net is used to capture one while they are unaware. Everywhere that David went put him at risk of being captured. He never knew who would be there that would go tell Saul where he was. He just saw one man who he suspected that would go tell Saul. But the implication is after a time while nets are being laid for you eventually you will get caught. David knew this. Note: All of this applies to the Life of Christ. Study! Para: The Gospel is likened unto a net, but Satan has a net too. That is the false gospel. Satan will be cast into a pit, so he wants to cast God's people into a pit. Ex. Joseph, 144,000. “fallen themselves” – A principle is seen: Rev: leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity. You reap what you sow. 57:7 My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise.

“fixed' = prepare [margin]. David knew that he must prepare himself to face this situation. Par: We prepare ourselves for trials, and hardships of the day, and for persecution by doing the same thing. David was saying I will prepare my heart to go through this. How did he prepare his heart? “I will sing and give praise” – By singing and giving praise. Then he shows how and when 57:8 Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early.


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How do we give praise? With musical instruments. When do we do it? In the morning. We must awake early. But you must combine all three in order to be prepared for the trials. We must wake up early, give praise to God with singing and instruments (when you can). And this will prepare you. Note: WE must have this experience to go through the 7 last plagues. This book is a preparational book for the 144,000. Note: This was the experience of Daniel when it said 'aforetime' he was doing this all along. Daniel means God is my judge. Laodecia means a people being judged. He is an example of how we are to live in the anti-typical day of atonement. Points to cover in detail later. Ps 57:3 He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth.

Help from heaven. God will send angels to help us give loud cry and shield us from enemies. 'mercy and truth' seen here. 'mercy and truth' repeated in V.10 (connection?) Ps 57:4 My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword.

Lions – Rev 13 – Lion represents papacy. Ps 57:10-11 [10] For thy mercy is great unto the heavens, and thy truth unto the clouds. [11] Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: let thy glory be above all the earth.

Mercy is synonymous with truth. God is exalted by exercising mercy and truth. 57:9 I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people: I will sing unto thee among the nations. 57:10 For thy mercy is great unto the heavens, and thy truth unto the clouds. 57:11 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: let thy glory be above all the earth.


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Chapter 58 58:1 To the chief Musician, Altaschith, Michtam of David. Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge uprightly, O ye sons of men? 58:2 Yea, in heart ye work wickedness; ye weigh the violence of your hands in the earth. 58:3 The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies. 58:4 Their poison is like the poison of a serpent: they are like the deaf adder that stoppeth her ear; 58:5 Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. 58:6 Break their teeth, O God, in their mouth: break out the great teeth of the young lions, O LORD. 58:7 Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces. 58:8 As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away: like the untimely birth of a woman, that they may not see the sun. 58:9 Before your pots can feel the thorns, he shall take them away as with a whirlwind, both living, and in his wrath. 58:10 The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked. 58:11 So that a man shall say, Verily there is a reward for the righteous: verily he is a God that judgeth in the earth.


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Chapter 59 59:1 To the chief Musician, Altaschith, Michtam of David; when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him. Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me. 59:2 Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men. 59:3 For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD. 59:4 They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold. 59:5 Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah. 59:6 They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city. 59:7 Behold, they belch out with their mouth: swords are in their lips: for who, say they, doth hear? 59:8 But thou, O LORD, shalt laugh at them; thou shalt have all the heathen in derision. 59:9 Because of his strength will I wait upon thee: for God is my defence. 59:10 The God of my mercy shall prevent me: God shall let me see my desire upon mine enemies. 59:11 Slay them not, lest my people forget: scatter them by thy power; and bring them down, O Lord our shield. 59:12 For the sin of their mouth and the words of their lips let them even be taken in their pride: and for cursing and lying which they speak. 59:13 Consume them in wrath, consume them, that they may not be: and let them know that God ruleth in Jacob unto the ends of the earth. Selah. 59:14 And at evening let them return; and let them make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city. 59:15 Let them wander up and down for meat, and grudge if they be not satisfied. 59:16 But I will sing of thy power; yea, I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning: for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the day of my trouble. 59:17 Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy.


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Chapter 60 60:1 To the chief Musician upon Shushaneduth, Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aramnaharaim and with Aramzobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the valley of salt twelve thousand. O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast been displeased; O turn thyself to us again. 60:2 Thou hast made the earth to tremble; thou hast broken it: heal the breaches thereof; for it shaketh. 60:3 Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment. 60:4 Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah. 60:5 That thy beloved may be delivered; save with thy right hand, and hear me. 60:6 God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. 60:7 Gilead is mine, and Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; 60:8 Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe: Philistia, triumph thou because of me. 60:9 Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom? 60:10 Wilt not thou, O God, which hadst cast us off? and thou, O God, which didst not go out with our armies? 60:11 Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. 60:12 Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies.


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Chapter 61 61:1 To the chief Musician upon Neginah, A Psalm of David. Hear my cry, O God; attend unto my prayer. 61:2 From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I. 61:3 For thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. 61:4 I will abide in thy tabernacle for ever: I will trust in the covert of thy wings. Selah. 61:5 For thou, O God, hast heard my vows: thou hast given me the heritage of those that fear thy name. 61:6 Thou wilt prolong the king's life: and his years as many generations. 61:7 He shall abide before God for ever: O prepare mercy and truth, which may preserve him. 61:8 So will I sing praise unto thy name for ever, that I may daily perform my vows.


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Chapter 62 62:1 To the chief Musician, to Jeduthun, A Psalm of David. Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my salvation. 62:2 He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence; I shall not be greatly moved. 62:3 How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? ye shall be slain all of you: as a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. 62:4 They only consult to cast him down from his excellency: they delight in lies: they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly. Selah. 62:5 My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from him. 62:6 He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not be moved. 62:7 In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God. 62:8 Trust in him at all times; ye people, pour out your heart before him: God is a refuge for us. Selah. 62:9 Surely men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a lie: to be laid in the balance, they are altogether lighter than vanity. 62:10 Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery: if riches increase, set not your heart upon them. 62:11 God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power belongeth unto God. 62:12 Also unto thee, O Lord, belongeth mercy: for thou renderest to every man according to his work.


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Chapter 63 63:1 A Psalm of David, when he was in the wilderness of Judah. O God, thou art my God; early will I seek thee: my soul thirsteth for thee, my flesh longeth for thee in a dry and thirsty land, where no water is; 63:2 To see thy power and thy glory, so as I have seen thee in the sanctuary. 63:3 Because thy lovingkindness is better than life, my lips shall praise thee. 63:4 Thus will I bless thee while I live: I will lift up my hands in thy name. 63:5 My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips: 63:6 When I remember thee upon my bed, and meditate on thee in the night watches. 63:7 Because thou hast been my help, therefore in the shadow of thy wings will I rejoice. 63:8 My soul followeth hard after thee: thy right hand upholdeth me. 63:9 But those that seek my soul, to destroy it, shall go into the lower parts of the earth. 63:10 They shall fall by the sword: they shall be a portion for foxes. 63:11 But the king shall rejoice in God; every one that sweareth by him shall glory: but the mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped.


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Chapter 64 64:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hear my voice, O God, in my prayer: preserve my life from fear of the enemy. 64:2 Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity: 64:3 Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words: 64:4 That they may shoot in secret at the perfect: suddenly do they shoot at him, and fear not. 64:5 They encourage themselves in an evil matter: they commune of laying snares privily; they say, Who shall see them? 64:6 They search out iniquities; they accomplish a diligent search: both the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep. 64:7 But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; suddenly shall they be wounded. 64:8 So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away. 64:9 And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for they shall wisely consider of his doing. 64:10 The righteous shall be glad in the LORD, and shall trust in him; and all the upright in heart shall glory.


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Chapter 65 65:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm and Song of David. Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Sion: and unto thee shall the vow be performed. 65:2 O thou that hearest prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come. 65:3 Iniquities prevail against me: as for our transgressions, thou shalt purge them away. 65:4 Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and causest to approach unto thee, that he may dwell in thy courts: we shall be satisfied with the goodness of thy house, even of thy holy temple. 65:5 By terrible things in righteousness wilt thou answer us, O God of our salvation; who art the confidence of all the ends of the earth, and of them that are afar off upon the sea: 65:6 Which by his strength setteth fast the mountains; being girded with power: 65:7 Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people. 65:8 They also that dwell in the uttermost parts are afraid at thy tokens: thou makest the outgoings of the morning and evening to rejoice. 65:9 Thou visitest the earth, and waterest it: thou greatly enrichest it with the river of God, which is full of water: thou preparest them corn, when thou hast so provided for it. 65:10 Thou waterest the ridges thereof abundantly: thou settlest the furrows thereof: thou makest it soft with showers: thou blessest the springing thereof. 65:11 Thou crownest the year with thy goodness; and thy paths drop fatness. 65:12 They drop upon the pastures of the wilderness: and the little hills rejoice on every side. 65:13 The pastures are clothed with flocks; the valleys also are covered over with corn; they shout for joy, they also sing.


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Chapter 66 66:1 To the chief Musician, A Song or Psalm. Make a joyful noise unto God, all ye lands: 66:2 Sing forth the honour of his name: make his praise glorious. 66:3 Say unto God, How terrible art thou in thy works! through the greatness of thy power shall thine enemies submit themselves unto thee. 66:4 All the earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee; they shall sing to thy name. Selah. 66:5 Come and see the works of God: he is terrible in his doing toward the children of men. 66:6 He turned the sea into dry land: they went through the flood on foot: there did we rejoice in him. 66:7 He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah. 66:8 O bless our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise to be heard: 66:9 Which holdeth our soul in life, and suffereth not our feet to be moved. 66:10 For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is tried. 66:11 Thou broughtest us into the net; thou laidst affliction upon our loins. 66:12 Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water: but thou broughtest us out into a wealthy place. 66:13 I will go into thy house with burnt offerings: I will pay thee my vows, 66:14 Which my lips have uttered, and my mouth hath spoken, when I was in trouble. 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah. 66:16 Come and hear, all ye that fear God, and I will declare what he hath done for my soul. 66:17 I cried unto him with my mouth, and he was extolled with my tongue. 66:18 If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me: 66:19 But verily God hath heard me; he hath attended to the voice of my prayer. 66:20 Blessed be God, which hath not turned away my prayer, nor his mercy from me.


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Chapter 67 67:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm or Song. God be merciful unto us, and bless us; and cause his face to shine upon us; Selah. 67:2 That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all nations. 67:3 Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise thee. 67:4 O let the nations be glad and sing for joy: for thou shalt judge the people righteously, and govern the nations upon earth. Selah. 67:5 Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise thee. 67:6 Then shall the earth yield her increase; and God, even our own God, shall bless us. 67:7 God shall bless us; and all the ends of the earth shall fear him.


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Chapter 68 68:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm or Song of David. Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered: let them also that hate him flee before him. 68:2 As smoke is driven away, so drive them away: as wax melteth before the fire, so let the wicked perish at the presence of God. 68:3 But let the righteous be glad; let them rejoice before God: yea, let them exceedingly rejoice. 68:4 Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name JAH, and rejoice before him. 68:5 A father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows, is God in his holy habitation. 68:6 God setteth the solitary in families: he bringeth out those which are bound with chains: but the rebellious dwell in a dry land. 68:7 O God, when thou wentest forth before thy people, when thou didst march through the wilderness; Selah: 68:8 The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God, the God of Israel. 68:9 Thou, O God, didst send a plentiful rain, whereby thou didst confirm thine inheritance, when it was weary. 68:10 Thy congregation hath dwelt therein: thou, O God, hast prepared of thy goodness for the poor. 68:11 The Lord gave the word: great was the company of those that published it. 68:12 Kings of armies did flee apace: and she that tarried at home divided the spoil. 68:13 Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. 68:14 When the Almighty scattered kings in it, it was white as snow in Salmon. 68:15 The hill of God is as the hill of Bashan; an high hill as the hill of Bashan. 68:16 Why leap ye, ye high hills? this is the hill which God desireth to dwell in; yea, the LORD will dwell in it for ever. 68:17 The chariots of God are twenty thousand, even thousands of angels: the Lord is among them, as in Sinai, in the holy place. 68:18 Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive: thou hast received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that the LORD God might dwell among them. 68:19 Blessed be the Lord, who daily loadeth us with benefits, even the God of our salvation. Selah. 68:20 He that is our God is the God of salvation; and unto GOD the Lord belong the issues from death. 68:21 But God shall wound the head of his enemies, and the hairy scalp of such an one as goeth on still in


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his trespasses. 68:22 The Lord said, I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my people again from the depths of the sea: 68:23 That thy foot may be dipped in the blood of thine enemies, and the tongue of thy dogs in the same. 68:24 They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. 68:25 The singers went before, the players on instruments followed after; among them were the damsels playing with timbrels. 68:26 Bless ye God in the congregations, even the Lord, from the fountain of Israel. 68:27 There is little Benjamin with their ruler, the princes of Judah and their council, the princes of Zebulun, and the princes of Naphtali. 68:28 Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us. 68:29 Because of thy temple at Jerusalem shall kings bring presents unto thee. 68:30 Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, till every one submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war. 68:31 Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God. 68:32 Sing unto God, ye kingdoms of the earth; O sing praises unto the Lord; Selah: 68:33 To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, which were of old; lo, he doth send out his voice, and that a mighty voice. 68:34 Ascribe ye strength unto God: his excellency is over Israel, and his strength is in the clouds. 68:35 O God, thou art terrible out of thy holy places: the God of Israel is he that giveth strength and power unto his people. Blessed be God.


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Chapter 69 69:1 To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, A Psalm of David. Save me, O God; for the waters are come in unto my soul. 69:2 I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me. 69:3 I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while I wait for my God. 69:4 They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. 69:5 O God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from thee. 69:6 Let not them that wait on thee, O Lord GOD of hosts, be ashamed for my sake: let not those that seek thee be confounded for my sake, O God of Israel. 69:7 Because for thy sake I have borne reproach; shame hath covered my face. 69:8 I am become a stranger unto my brethren, and an alien unto my mother's children. 69:9 For the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up; and the reproaches of them that reproached thee are fallen upon me. 69:10 When I wept, and chastened my soul with fasting, that was to my reproach. 69:11 I made sackcloth also my garment; and I became a proverb to them. 69:12 They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards. 69:13 But as for me, my prayer is unto thee, O LORD, in an acceptable time: O God, in the multitude of thy mercy hear me, in the truth of thy salvation. 69:14 Deliver me out of the mire, and let me not sink: let me be delivered from them that hate me, and out of the deep waters. 69:15 Let not the waterflood overflow me, neither let the deep swallow me up, and let not the pit shut her mouth upon me. 69:16 Hear me, O LORD; for thy lovingkindness is good: turn unto me according to the multitude of thy tender mercies. 69:17 And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: hear me speedily. 69:18 Draw nigh unto my soul, and redeem it: deliver me because of mine enemies. 69:19 Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: mine adversaries are all before thee. 69:20 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none. 69:21 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.


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69:22 Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap. 69:23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake. 69:24 Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them. 69:25 Let their habitation be desolate; and let none dwell in their tents. 69:26 For they persecute him whom thou hast smitten; and they talk to the grief of those whom thou hast wounded. 69:27 Add iniquity unto their iniquity: and let them not come into thy righteousness. 69:28 Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the righteous. 69:29 But I am poor and sorrowful: let thy salvation, O God, set me up on high. 69:30 I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving. 69:31 This also shall please the LORD better than an ox or bullock that hath horns and hoofs. 69:32 The humble shall see this, and be glad: and your heart shall live that seek God. 69:33 For the LORD heareth the poor, and despiseth not his prisoners. 69:34 Let the heaven and earth praise him, the seas, and every thing that moveth therein. 69:35 For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. 69:36 The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein.


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Chapter 70 70:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, to bring to remembrance. Make haste, O God, to deliver me; make haste to help me, O LORD. 70:2 Let them be ashamed and confounded that seek after my soul: let them be turned backward, and put to confusion, that desire my hurt. 70:3 Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame that say, Aha, aha. 70:4 Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: and let such as love thy salvation say continually, Let God be magnified. 70:5 But I am poor and needy: make haste unto me, O God: thou art my help and my deliverer; O LORD, make no tarrying.


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Chapter 71 71:1 In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust: let me never be put to confusion. 71:2 Deliver me in thy righteousness, and cause me to escape: incline thine ear unto me, and save me. 71:3 Be thou my strong habitation, whereunto I may continually resort: thou hast given commandment to save me; for thou art my rock and my fortress. 71:4 Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous and cruel man. 71:5 For thou art my hope, O Lord GOD: thou art my trust from my youth. 71:6 By thee have I been holden up from the womb: thou art he that took me out of my mother's bowels: my praise shall be continually of thee. 71:7 I am as a wonder unto many; but thou art my strong refuge. 71:8 Let my mouth be filled with thy praise and with thy honour all the day. 71:9 Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength faileth. 71:10 For mine enemies speak against me; and they that lay wait for my soul take counsel together, 71:11 Saying, God hath forsaken him: persecute and take him; for there is none to deliver him. 71:12 O God, be not far from me: O my God, make haste for my help. 71:13 Let them be confounded and consumed that are adversaries to my soul; let them be covered with reproach and dishonour that seek my hurt. 71:14 But I will hope continually, and will yet praise thee more and more. 71:15 My mouth shall shew forth thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know not the numbers thereof. 71:16 I will go in the strength of the Lord GOD: I will make mention of thy righteousness, even of thine only. 71:17 O God, thou hast taught me from my youth: and hitherto have I declared thy wondrous works. 71:18 Now also when I am old and grayheaded, O God, forsake me not; until I have shewed thy strength unto this generation, and thy power to every one that is to come. 71:19 Thy righteousness also, O God, is very high, who hast done great things: O God, who is like unto thee! 71:20 Thou, which hast shewed me great and sore troubles, shalt quicken me again, and shalt bring me up again from the depths of the earth. 71:21 Thou shalt increase my greatness, and comfort me on every side. 71:22 I will also praise thee with the psaltery, even thy truth, O my God: unto thee will I sing with the


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harp, O thou Holy One of Israel. 71:23 My lips shall greatly rejoice when I sing unto thee; and my soul, which thou hast redeemed. 71:24 My tongue also shall talk of thy righteousness all the day long: for they are confounded, for they are brought unto shame, that seek my hurt.


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Chapter 72 72:1 A Psalm for Solomon. Give the king thy judgments, O God, and thy righteousness unto the king's son. 72:2 He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment. 72:3 The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness. 72:4 He shall judge the poor of the people, he shall save the children of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor. 72:5 They shall fear thee as long as the sun and moon endure, throughout all generations. 72:6 He shall come down like rain upon the mown grass: as showers that water the earth. 72:7 In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth. 72:8 He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. 72:9 They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him; and his enemies shall lick the dust. 72:10 The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts. 72:11 Yea, all kings shall fall down before him: all nations shall serve him. 72:12 For he shall deliver the needy when he crieth; the poor also, and him that hath no helper. 72:13 He shall spare the poor and needy, and shall save the souls of the needy. 72:14 He shall redeem their soul from deceit and violence: and precious shall their blood be in his sight. 72:15 And he shall live, and to him shall be given of the gold of Sheba: prayer also shall be made for him continually; and daily shall he be praised. 72:16 There shall be an handful of corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they of the city shall flourish like grass of the earth. 72:17 His name shall endure for ever: his name shall be continued as long as the sun: and men shall be blessed in him: all nations shall call him blessed. 72:18 Blessed be the LORD God, the God of Israel, who only doeth wondrous things. 72:19 And blessed be his glorious name for ever: and let the whole earth be filled with his glory; Amen, and Amen. 72:20 The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended.


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Chapter 73 73:1 A Psalm of Asaph. Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean heart. 73:2 But as for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped. 73:3 For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. 73:4 For there are no bands in their death: but their strength is firm. 73:5 They are not in trouble as other men; neither are they plagued like other men. 73:6 Therefore pride compasseth them about as a chain; violence covereth them as a garment. 73:7 Their eyes stand out with fatness: they have more than heart could wish. 73:8 They are corrupt, and speak wickedly concerning oppression: they speak loftily. 73:9 They set their mouth against the heavens, and their tongue walketh through the earth. 73:10 Therefore his people return hither: and waters of a full cup are wrung out to them. 73:11 And they say, How doth God know? and is there knowledge in the most High? 73:12 Behold, these are the ungodly, who prosper in the world; they increase in riches. 73:13 Verily I have cleansed my heart in vain, and washed my hands in innocency. 73:14 For all the day long have I been plagued, and chastened every morning. 73:15 If I say, I will speak thus; behold, I should offend against the generation of thy children. 73:16 When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me; 73:17 Until I went into the sanctuary of God; then understood I their end. 73:18 Surely thou didst set them in slippery places: thou castedst them down into destruction. 73:19 How are they brought into desolation, as in a moment! they are utterly consumed with terrors. 73:20 As a dream when one awaketh; so, O Lord, when thou awakest, thou shalt despise their image. 73:21 Thus my heart was grieved, and I was pricked in my reins. 73:22 So foolish was I, and ignorant: I was as a beast before thee. 73:23 Nevertheless I am continually with thee: thou hast holden me by my right hand. 73:24 Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. 73:25 Whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee. 73:26 My flesh and my heart faileth: but God is the strength of my heart, and my portion for ever.


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73:27 For, lo, they that are far from thee shall perish: thou hast destroyed all them that go a whoring from thee. 73:28 But it is good for me to draw near to God: I have put my trust in the Lord GOD, that I may declare all thy works.


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Chapter 74 74:1 Maschil of Asaph. O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture? 74:2 Remember thy congregation, which thou hast purchased of old; the rod of thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein thou hast dwelt. 74:3 Lift up thy feet unto the perpetual desolations; even all that the enemy hath done wickedly in the sanctuary. 74:4 Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy congregations; they set up their ensigns for signs. 74:5 A man was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon the thick trees. 74:6 But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and hammers. 74:7 They have cast fire into thy sanctuary, they have defiled by casting down the dwelling place of thy name to the ground. 74:8 They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land. 74:9 We see not our signs: there is no more any prophet: neither is there among us any that knoweth how long. 74:10 O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for ever? 74:11 Why withdrawest thou thy hand, even thy right hand? pluck it out of thy bosom. 74:12 For God is my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth. 74:13 Thou didst divide the sea by thy strength: thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. 74:14 Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, and gavest him to be meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness. 74:15 Thou didst cleave the fountain and the flood: thou driedst up mighty rivers. 74:16 The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared the light and the sun. 74:17 Thou hast set all the borders of the earth: thou hast made summer and winter. 74:18 Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD, and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name. 74:19 O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude of the wicked: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever. 74:20 Have respect unto the covenant: for the dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty. 74:21 O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy praise thy name.


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74:22 Arise, O God, plead thine own cause: remember how the foolish man reproacheth thee daily. 74:23 Forget not the voice of thine enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against thee increaseth continually.


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Chapter 75 75:1 To the chief Musician, Altaschith, A Psalm or Song of Asaph. Unto thee, O God, do we give thanks, unto thee do we give thanks: for that thy name is near thy wondrous works declare. 75:2 When I shall receive the congregation I will judge uprightly. 75:3 The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved: I bear up the pillars of it. Selah. 75:4 I said unto the fools, Deal not foolishly: and to the wicked, Lift not up the horn: 75:5 Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck. 75:6 For promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south. 75:7 But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another. 75:8 For in the hand of the LORD there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them. 75:9 But I will declare for ever; I will sing praises to the God of Jacob. 75:10 All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted.


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Chapter 76 76:1 To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm or Song of Asaph. In Judah is God known: his name is great in Israel. 76:2 In Salem also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling place in Zion. 76:3 There brake he the arrows of the bow, the shield, and the sword, and the battle. Selah. 76:4 Thou art more glorious and excellent than the mountains of prey. 76:5 The stouthearted are spoiled, they have slept their sleep: and none of the men of might have found their hands. 76:6 At thy rebuke, O God of Jacob, both the chariot and horse are cast into a dead sleep. 76:7 Thou, even thou, art to be feared: and who may stand in thy sight when once thou art angry? 76:8 Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still, 76:9 When God arose to judgment, to save all the meek of the earth. Selah. 76:10 Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain. 76:11 Vow, and pay unto the LORD your God: let all that be round about him bring presents unto him that ought to be feared. 76:12 He shall cut off the spirit of princes: he is terrible to the kings of the earth.


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Chapter 77 77:1 To the chief Musician, to Jeduthun, A Psalm of Asaph. I cried unto God with my voice, even unto God with my voice; and he gave ear unto me. 77:2 In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord: my sore ran in the night, and ceased not: my soul refused to be comforted. 77:3 I remembered God, and was troubled: I complained, and my spirit was overwhelmed. Selah. 77:4 Thou holdest mine eyes waking: I am so troubled that I cannot speak. 77:5 I have considered the days of old, the years of ancient times. 77:6 I call to remembrance my song in the night: I commune with mine own heart: and my spirit made diligent search. 77:7 Will the Lord cast off for ever? and will he be favourable no more? 77:8 Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise fail for evermore? 77:9 Hath God forgotten to be gracious? hath he in anger shut up his tender mercies? Selah. 77:10 And I said, This is my infirmity: but I will remember the years of the right hand of the most High. 77:11 I will remember the works of the LORD: surely I will remember thy wonders of old. 77:12 I will meditate also of all thy work, and talk of thy doings. 77:13 Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary: who is so great a God as our God? 77:14 Thou art the God that doest wonders: thou hast declared thy strength among the people. 77:15 Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah. 77:16 The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled. 77:17 The clouds poured out water: the skies sent out a sound: thine arrows also went abroad. 77:18 The voice of thy thunder was in the heaven: the lightnings lightened the world: the earth trembled and shook. 77:19 Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters, and thy footsteps are not known. 77:20 Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron.


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Chapter 78 78:1 Maschil of Asaph. Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth. 78:2 I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old: 78:3 Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us. 78:4 We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done. 78:5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children: 78:6 That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children: 78:7 That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments: 78:8 And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God. 78:9 The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle. 78:10 They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law; 78:11 And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them. 78:12 Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan. 78:13 He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap. 78:14 In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire. 78:15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths. 78:16 He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers. 78:17 And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness. 78:18 And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust. 78:19 Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness? 78:20 Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people? 78:21 Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel; 78:22 Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation: 78:23 Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,


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78:24 And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven. 78:25 Man did eat angels' food: he sent them meat to the full. 78:26 He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind. 78:27 He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea: 78:28 And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations. 78:29 So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire; 78:30 They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths, 78:31 The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel. 78:32 For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works. 78:33 Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble. 78:34 When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God. 78:35 And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer. 78:36 Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues. 78:37 For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant. 78:38 But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath. 78:39 For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again. 78:40 How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert! 78:41 Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel. 78:42 They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy. 78:43 How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan: 78:44 And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink. 78:45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them. 78:46 He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust. 78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost. 78:48 He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts. 78:49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.


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78:50 He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence; 78:51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham: 78:52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock. 78:53 And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies. 78:54 And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased. 78:55 He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents. 78:56 Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies: 78:57 But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow. 78:58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images. 78:59 When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel: 78:60 So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men; 78:61 And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy's hand. 78:62 He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance. 78:63 The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage. 78:64 Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation. 78:65 Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine. 78:66 And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach. 78:67 Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim: 78:68 But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved. 78:69 And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever. 78:70 He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds: 78:71 From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance. 78:72 So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.


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Chapter 79 79:1 A Psalm of Asaph. O God, the heathen are come into thine inheritance; thy holy temple have they defiled; they have laid Jerusalem on heaps. 79:2 The dead bodies of thy servants have they given to be meat unto the fowls of the heaven, the flesh of thy saints unto the beasts of the earth. 79:3 Their blood have they shed like water round about Jerusalem; and there was none to bury them. 79:4 We are become a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and derision to them that are round about us. 79:5 How long, LORD? wilt thou be angry for ever? shall thy jealousy burn like fire? 79:6 Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name. 79:7 For they have devoured Jacob, and laid waste his dwelling place. 79:8 O remember not against us former iniquities: let thy tender mercies speedily prevent us: for we are brought very low. 79:9 Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name: and deliver us, and purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. 79:10 Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is their God? let him be known among the heathen in our sight by the revenging of the blood of thy servants which is shed. 79:11 Let the sighing of the prisoner come before thee; according to the greatness of thy power preserve thou those that are appointed to die; 79:12 And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. 79:13 So we thy people and sheep of thy pasture will give thee thanks for ever: we will shew forth thy praise to all generations.


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Chapter 80 80:1 To the chief Musician upon Shoshannimeduth, A Psalm of Asaph. Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a flock; thou that dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth. 80:2 Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up thy strength, and come and save us. 80:3 Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved. 80:4 O LORD God of hosts, how long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people? 80:5 Thou feedest them with the bread of tears; and givest them tears to drink in great measure. 80:6 Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours: and our enemies laugh among themselves. 80:7 Turn us again, O God of hosts, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved. 80:8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the heathen, and planted it. 80:9 Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land. 80:10 The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof were like the goodly cedars. 80:11 She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river. 80:12 Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her? 80:13 The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it. 80:14 Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts: look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine; 80:15 And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted, and the branch that thou madest strong for thyself. 80:16 It is burned with fire, it is cut down: they perish at the rebuke of thy countenance. 80:17 Let thy hand be upon the man of thy right hand, upon the son of man whom thou madest strong for thyself. 80:18 So will not we go back from thee: quicken us, and we will call upon thy name. 80:19 Turn us again, O LORD God of hosts, cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.


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Chapter 81 81:1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of Asaph. Sing aloud unto God our strength: make a joyful noise unto the God of Jacob. 81:2 Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery. 81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day. 81:4 For this was a statute for Israel, and a law of the God of Jacob. 81:5 This he ordained in Joseph for a testimony, when he went out through the land of Egypt: where I heard a language that I understood not. 81:6 I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots. 81:7 Thou calledst in trouble, and I delivered thee; I answered thee in the secret place of thunder: I proved thee at the waters of Meribah. Selah. 81:8 Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if thou wilt hearken unto me; 81:9 There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship any strange god. 81:10 I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it. 81:11 But my people would not hearken to my voice; and Israel would none of me. 81:12 So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels. 81:13 Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways! 81:14 I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries. 81:15 The haters of the LORD should have submitted themselves unto him: but their time should have endured for ever. 81:16 He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat: and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee.


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Chapter 82 82:1 A Psalm of Asaph. God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods. 82:2 How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the wicked? Selah. 82:3 Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy. 82:4 Deliver the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked. 82:5 They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course. 82:6 I have said, Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High. 82:7 But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes. 82:8 Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations.


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Chapter 83 83:1 A Song or Psalm of Asaph. Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God. 83:2 For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee have lifted up the head. 83:3 They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. 83:4 They have said, Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. 83:5 For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee: 83:6 The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the Hagarenes; 83:7 Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre; 83:8 Assur also is joined with them: they have holpen the children of Lot. Selah. 83:9 Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison: 83:10 Which perished at Endor: they became as dung for the earth. 83:11 Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna: 83:12 Who said, Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in possession. 83:13 O my God, make them like a wheel; as the stubble before the wind. 83:14 As the fire burneth a wood, and as the flame setteth the mountains on fire; 83:15 So persecute them with thy tempest, and make them afraid with thy storm. 83:16 Fill their faces with shame; that they may seek thy name, O LORD. 83:17 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish: 83:18 That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth.


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Chapter 84 84:1 To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O LORD of hosts! 84:2 My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD: my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God. 84:3 Yea, the sparrow hath found an house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O LORD of hosts, my King, and my God. 84:4 Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee. Selah. 84:5 Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them. 84:6 Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools. 84:7 They go from strength to strength, every one of them in Zion appeareth before God. 84:8 O LORD God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob. Selah. 84:9 Behold, O God our shield, and look upon the face of thine anointed. 84:10 For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. 84:11 For the LORD God is a sun and shield: the LORD will give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly. 84:12 O LORD of hosts, blessed is the man that trusteth in thee.


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Chapter 85 85:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. LORD, thou hast been favourable unto thy land: thou hast brought back the captivity of Jacob. 85:2 Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah. 85:3 Thou hast taken away all thy wrath: thou hast turned thyself from the fierceness of thine anger. 85:4 Turn us, O God of our salvation, and cause thine anger toward us to cease. 85:5 Wilt thou be angry with us for ever? wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations? 85:6 Wilt thou not revive us again: that thy people may rejoice in thee? 85:7 Shew us thy mercy, O LORD, and grant us thy salvation. 85:8 I will hear what God the LORD will speak: for he will speak peace unto his people, and to his saints: but let them not turn again to folly. 85:9 Surely his salvation is nigh them that fear him; that glory may dwell in our land. 85:10 Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. 85:11 Truth shall spring out of the earth; and righteousness shall look down from heaven. 85:12 Yea, the LORD shall give that which is good; and our land shall yield her increase. 85:13 Righteousness shall go before him; and shall set us in the way of his steps.


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Chapter 86 86:1 A Prayer of David. Bow down thine ear, O LORD, hear me: for I am poor and needy. 86:2 Preserve my soul; for I am holy: O thou my God, save thy servant that trusteth in thee. 86:3 Be merciful unto me, O Lord: for I cry unto thee daily. 86:4 Rejoice the soul of thy servant: for unto thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. 86:5 For thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that call upon thee. 86:6 Give ear, O LORD, unto my prayer; and attend to the voice of my supplications. 86:7 In the day of my trouble I will call upon thee: for thou wilt answer me. 86:8 Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord; neither are there any works like unto thy works. 86:9 All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before thee, O Lord; and shall glorify thy name. 86:10 For thou art great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God alone. 86:11 Teach me thy way, O LORD; I will walk in thy truth: unite my heart to fear thy name. 86:12 I will praise thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will glorify thy name for evermore. 86:13 For great is thy mercy toward me: and thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell. 86:14 O God, the proud are risen against me, and the assemblies of violent men have sought after my soul; and have not set thee before them. 86:15 But thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. 86:16 O turn unto me, and have mercy upon me; give thy strength unto thy servant, and save the son of thine handmaid. 86:17 Shew me a token for good; that they which hate me may see it, and be ashamed: because thou, LORD, hast holpen me, and comforted me.


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Chapter 87 87:1 A Psalm or Song for the sons of Korah. His foundation is in the holy mountains. 87:2 The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob. 87:3 Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah. 87:4 I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this man was born there. 87:5 And of Zion it shall be said, This and that man was born in her: and the highest himself shall establish her. 87:6 The LORD shall count, when he writeth up the people, that this man was born there. Selah. 87:7 As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there: all my springs are in thee.


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Chapter 88 88:1 A Song or Psalm for the sons of Korah, to the chief Musician upon Mahalath Leannoth, Maschil of Heman the Ezrahite. O LORD God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee: 88:2 Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry; 88:3 For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto the grave. 88:4 I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man that hath no strength: 88:5 Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand. 88:6 Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps. 88:7 Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves. Selah. 88:8 Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me; thou hast made me an abomination unto them: I am shut up, and I cannot come forth. 88:9 Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: LORD, I have called daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee. 88:10 Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee? Selah. 88:11 Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction? 88:12 Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? 88:13 But unto thee have I cried, O LORD; and in the morning shall my prayer prevent thee. 88:14 LORD, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me? 88:15 I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up: while I suffer thy terrors I am distracted. 88:16 Thy fierce wrath goeth over me; thy terrors have cut me off. 88:17 They came round about me daily like water; they compassed me about together. 88:18 Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.


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Chapter 89 89:1 Maschil of Ethan the Ezrahite. I will sing of the mercies of the LORD for ever: with my mouth will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations. 89:2 For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: thy faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens. 89:3 I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant, 89:4 Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations. Selah. 89:5 And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints. 89:6 For who in the heaven can be compared unto the LORD? who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the LORD? 89:7 God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him. 89:8 O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee? 89:9 Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them. 89:10 Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm. 89:11 The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: as for the world and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them. 89:12 The north and the south thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in thy name. 89:13 Thou hast a mighty arm: strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. 89:14 Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and truth shall go before thy face. 89:15 Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: they shall walk, O LORD, in the light of thy countenance. 89:16 In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy righteousness shall they be exalted. 89:17 For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our horn shall be exalted. 89:18 For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our king. 89:19 Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people. 89:20 I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him: 89:21 With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall strengthen him. 89:22 The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness afflict him.


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89:23 And I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him. 89:24 But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him: and in my name shall his horn be exalted. 89:25 I will set his hand also in the sea, and his right hand in the rivers. 89:26 He shall cry unto me, Thou art my father, my God, and the rock of my salvation. 89:27 Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth. 89:28 My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. 89:29 His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne as the days of heaven. 89:30 If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments; 89:31 If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments; 89:32 Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. 89:33 Nevertheless my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. 89:34 My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. 89:35 Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David. 89:36 His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me. 89:37 It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah. 89:38 But thou hast cast off and abhorred, thou hast been wroth with thine anointed. 89:39 Thou hast made void the covenant of thy servant: thou hast profaned his crown by casting it to the ground. 89:40 Thou hast broken down all his hedges; thou hast brought his strong holds to ruin. 89:41 All that pass by the way spoil him: he is a reproach to his neighbours. 89:42 Thou hast set up the right hand of his adversaries; thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice. 89:43 Thou hast also turned the edge of his sword, and hast not made him to stand in the battle. 89:44 Thou hast made his glory to cease, and cast his throne down to the ground. 89:45 The days of his youth hast thou shortened: thou hast covered him with shame. Selah. 89:46 How long, LORD? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? shall thy wrath burn like fire? 89:47 Remember how short my time is: wherefore hast thou made all men in vain? 89:48 What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah.


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89:49 Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, which thou swarest unto David in thy truth? 89:50 Remember, Lord, the reproach of thy servants; how I do bear in my bosom the reproach of all the mighty people; 89:51 Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed. 89:52 Blessed be the LORD for evermore. Amen, and Amen.


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Chapter 90 90:1 A Prayer of Moses the man of God. Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. 90:2 Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. 90:3 Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men. 90:4 For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. 90:5 Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up. 90:6 In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth. 90:7 For we are consumed by thine anger, and by thy wrath are we troubled. 90:8 Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret sins in the light of thy countenance. 90:9 For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told. 90:10 The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away. 90:11 Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath. 90:12 So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. 90:13 Return, O LORD, how long? and let it repent thee concerning thy servants. 90:14 O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be glad all our days. 90:15 Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil. 90:16 Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children. 90:17 And let the beauty of the LORD our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it.


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Chapter 91 91:1 He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. 91:2 I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust. 91:3 Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence. 91:4 He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler. 91:5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day; 91:6 Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday. 91:7 A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee. 91:8 Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. 91:9 Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation; 91:10 There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling. 91:11 For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways. 91:12 They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. 91:13 Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet. 91:14 Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name. 91:15 He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him. 91:16 With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation.


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Chapter 92 92:1 A Psalm or Song for the sabbath day. It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High: 92:2 To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night, 92:3 Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound. 92:4 For thou, LORD, hast made me glad through thy work: I will triumph in the works of thy hands. 92:5 O LORD, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep. 92:6 A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this. 92:7 When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: 92:8 But thou, LORD, art most high for evermore. 92:9 For, lo, thine enemies, O LORD, for, lo, thine enemies shall perish; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered. 92:10 But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil. 92:11 Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me. 92:12 The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. 92:13 Those that be planted in the house of the LORD shall flourish in the courts of our God. 92:14 They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing; 92:15 To shew that the LORD is upright: he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.


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Chapter 93 93:1 The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. 93:2 Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting. 93:3 The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves. 93:4 The LORD on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea. 93:5 Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becometh thine house, O LORD, for ever.


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Chapter 94 94:1 O LORD God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself. 94:2 Lift up thyself, thou judge of the earth: render a reward to the proud. 94:3 LORD, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked triumph? 94:4 How long shall they utter and speak hard things? and all the workers of iniquity boast themselves? 94:5 They break in pieces thy people, O LORD, and afflict thine heritage. 94:6 They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. 94:7 Yet they say, The LORD shall not see, neither shall the God of Jacob regard it. 94:8 Understand, ye brutish among the people: and ye fools, when will ye be wise? 94:9 He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? 94:10 He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he that teacheth man knowledge, shall not he know? 94:11 The LORD knoweth the thoughts of man, that they are vanity. 94:12 Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD, and teachest him out of thy law; 94:13 That thou mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until the pit be digged for the wicked. 94:14 For the LORD will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance. 94:15 But judgment shall return unto righteousness: and all the upright in heart shall follow it. 94:16 Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? or who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity? 94:17 Unless the LORD had been my help, my soul had almost dwelt in silence. 94:18 When I said, My foot slippeth; thy mercy, O LORD, held me up. 94:19 In the multitude of my thoughts within me thy comforts delight my soul. 94:20 Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which frameth mischief by a law? 94:21 They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood. 94:22 But the LORD is my defence; and my God is the rock of my refuge. 94:23 And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; yea, the LORD our God shall cut them off.


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Chapter 95 95:1 O come, let us sing unto the LORD: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation. 95:2 Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise unto him with psalms. 95:3 For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all gods. 95:4 In his hand are the deep places of the earth: the strength of the hills is his also. 95:5 The sea is his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry land. 95:6 O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the LORD our maker. 95:7 For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if ye will hear his voice, 95:8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: 95:9 When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. 95:10 Forty years long was I grieved with this generation, and said, It is a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: 95:11 Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.


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Chapter 96 96:1 O sing unto the LORD a new song: sing unto the LORD, all the earth. 96:2 Sing unto the LORD, bless his name; shew forth his salvation from day to day. 96:3 Declare his glory among the heathen, his wonders among all people. 96:4 For the LORD is great, and greatly to be praised: he is to be feared above all gods. 96:5 For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the LORD made the heavens. 96:6 Honour and majesty are before him: strength and beauty are in his sanctuary. 96:7 Give unto the LORD, O ye kindreds of the people, give unto the LORD glory and strength. 96:8 Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come into his courts. 96:9 O worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness: fear before him, all the earth. 96:10 Say among the heathen that the LORD reigneth: the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously. 96:11 Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof. 96:12 Let the field be joyful, and all that is therein: then shall all the trees of the wood rejoice 96:13 Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth.


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Chapter 97 97:1 The LORD reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad thereof. 97:2 Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne. 97:3 A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about. 97:4 His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled. 97:5 The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, at the presence of the Lord of the whole earth. 97:6 The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. 97:7 Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. 97:8 Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O LORD. 97:9 For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods. 97:10 Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. 97:11 Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. 97:12 Rejoice in the LORD, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.


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Chapter 98 98:1 A Psalm. O sing unto the LORD a new song; for he hath done marvellous things: his right hand, and his holy arm, hath gotten him the victory. 98:2 The LORD hath made known his salvation: his righteousness hath he openly shewed in the sight of the heathen. 98:3 He hath remembered his mercy and his truth toward the house of Israel: all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God. 98:4 Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. 98:5 Sing unto the LORD with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of a psalm. 98:6 With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the LORD, the King. 98:7 Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. 98:8 Let the floods clap their hands: let the hills be joyful together 98:9 Before the LORD; for he cometh to judge the earth: with righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity.


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Chapter 99 99:1 The LORD reigneth; let the people tremble: he sitteth between the cherubims; let the earth be moved. 99:2 The LORD is great in Zion; and he is high above all the people. 99:3 Let them praise thy great and terrible name; for it is holy. 99:4 The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob. 99:5 Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he is holy. 99:6 Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them. 99:7 He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar: they kept his testimonies, and the ordinance that he gave them. 99:8 Thou answeredst them, O LORD our God: thou wast a God that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventions. 99:9 Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy.


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Chapter 100 100:1 A Psalm of praise. Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all ye lands. 100:2 Serve the LORD with gladness: come before his presence with singing. 100:3 Know ye that the LORD he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. 100:4 Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name. 100:5 For the LORD is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth endureth to all generations.


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Chapter 101 101:1 A Psalm of David. I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O LORD, will I sing. 101:2 I will behave myself wisely in a perfect way. O when wilt thou come unto me? I will walk within my house with a perfect heart. 101:3 I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me. 101:4 A froward heart shall depart from me: I will not know a wicked person. 101:5 Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer. 101:6 Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me. 101:7 He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house: he that telleth lies shall not tarry in my sight. 101:8 I will early destroy all the wicked of the land; that I may cut off all wicked doers from the city of the LORD.


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Chapter 102 102:1 A Prayer of the afflicted, when he is overwhelmed, and poureth out his complaint before the LORD. Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee. 102:2 Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily. 102:3 For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as an hearth. 102:4 My heart is smitten, and withered like grass; so that I forget to eat my bread. 102:5 By reason of the voice of my groaning my bones cleave to my skin. 102:6 I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert. 102:7 I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top. 102:8 Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad against me are sworn against me. 102:9 For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping, 102:10 Because of thine indignation and thy wrath: for thou hast lifted me up, and cast me down. 102:11 My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass. 102:12 But thou, O LORD, shalt endure for ever; and thy remembrance unto all generations. 102:13 Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favour her, yea, the set time, is come. 102:14 For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust thereof. 102:15 So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth thy glory. 102:16 When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his glory. 102:17 He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise their prayer. 102:18 This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created shall praise the LORD. 102:19 For he hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary; from heaven did the LORD behold the earth; 102:20 To hear the groaning of the prisoner; to loose those that are appointed to death; 102:21 To declare the name of the LORD in Zion, and his praise in Jerusalem; 102:22 When the people are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to serve the LORD. 102:23 He weakened my strength in the way; he shortened my days. 102:24 I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years are throughout all generations.


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102:25 Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands. 102:26 They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: 102:27 But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. 102:28 The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before thee.


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Chapter 103 103:1 A Psalm of David. Bless the LORD, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name. 103:2 Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: 103:3 Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases; 103:4 Who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies; 103:5 Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle's. 103:6 The LORD executeth righteousness and judgment for all that are oppressed. 103:7 He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto the children of Israel. 103:8 The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy. 103:9 He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for ever. 103:10 He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities. 103:11 For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him. 103:12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us. 103:13 Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LORD pitieth them that fear him. 103:14 For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust. 103:15 As for man, his days are as grass: as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. 103:16 For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more. 103:17 But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children's children; 103:18 To such as keep his covenant, and to those that remember his commandments to do them. 103:19 The LORD hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over all. 103:20 Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. 103:21 Bless ye the LORD, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure. 103:22 Bless the LORD, all his works in all places of his dominion: bless the LORD, O my soul.


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Chapter 104 104:1 Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour and majesty. 104:2 Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain: 104:3 Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind: 104:4 Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire: 104:5 Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever. 104:6 Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment: the waters stood above the mountains. 104:7 At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice of thy thunder they hasted away. 104:8 They go up by the mountains; they go down by the valleys unto the place which thou hast founded for them. 104:9 Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they turn not again to cover the earth. 104:10 He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run among the hills. 104:11 They give drink to every beast of the field: the wild asses quench their thirst. 104:12 By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, which sing among the branches. 104:13 He watereth the hills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works. 104:14 He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth; 104:15 And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart. 104:16 The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath planted; 104:17 Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house. 104:18 The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies. 104:19 He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down. 104:20 Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. 104:21 The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. 104:22 The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them down in their dens. 104:23 Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the evening. 104:24 O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy


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riches. 104:25 So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts. 104:26 There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast made to play therein. 104:27 These wait all upon thee; that thou mayest give them their meat in due season. 104:28 That thou givest them they gather: thou openest thine hand, they are filled with good. 104:29 Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their breath, they die, and return to their dust. 104:30 Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth. 104:31 The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall rejoice in his works. 104:32 He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke. 104:33 I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise to my God while I have my being. 104:34 My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD. 104:35 Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 105 105:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people. 105:2 Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him: talk ye of all his wondrous works. 105:3 Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD. 105:4 Seek the LORD, and his strength: seek his face evermore. 105:5 Remember his marvellous works that he hath done; his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth; 105:6 O ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye children of Jacob his chosen. 105:7 He is the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth. 105:8 He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations. 105:9 Which covenant he made with Abraham, and his oath unto Isaac; 105:10 And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant: 105:11 Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance: 105:12 When they were but a few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers in it. 105:13 When they went from one nation to another, from one kingdom to another people; 105:14 He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes; 105:15 Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. 105:16 Moreover he called for a famine upon the land: he brake the whole staff of bread. 105:17 He sent a man before them, even Joseph, who was sold for a servant: 105:18 Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron: 105:19 Until the time that his word came: the word of the LORD tried him. 105:20 The king sent and loosed him; even the ruler of the people, and let him go free. 105:21 He made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance: 105:22 To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators wisdom. 105:23 Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. 105:24 And he increased his people greatly; and made them stronger than their enemies. 105:25 He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with his servants. 105:26 He sent Moses his servant; and Aaron whom he had chosen.


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105:27 They shewed his signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. 105:28 He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word. 105:29 He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. 105:30 Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of their kings. 105:31 He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, and lice in all their coasts. 105:32 He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land. 105:33 He smote their vines also and their fig trees; and brake the trees of their coasts. 105:34 He spake, and the locusts came, and caterpillers, and that without number, 105:35 And did eat up all the herbs in their land, and devoured the fruit of their ground. 105:36 He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength. 105:37 He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was not one feeble person among their tribes. 105:38 Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them. 105:39 He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the night. 105:40 The people asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven. 105:41 He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river. 105:42 For he remembered his holy promise, and Abraham his servant. 105:43 And he brought forth his people with joy, and his chosen with gladness: 105:44 And gave them the lands of the heathen: and they inherited the labour of the people; 105:45 That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 106 106:1 Praise ye the LORD. O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. 106:2 Who can utter the mighty acts of the LORD? who can shew forth all his praise? 106:3 Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth righteousness at all times. 106:4 Remember me, O LORD, with the favour that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation; 106:5 That I may see the good of thy chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of thy nation, that I may glory with thine inheritance. 106:6 We have sinned with our fathers, we have committed iniquity, we have done wickedly. 106:7 Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt; they remembered not the multitude of thy mercies; but provoked him at the sea, even at the Red sea. 106:8 Nevertheless he saved them for his name's sake, that he might make his mighty power to be known. 106:9 He rebuked the Red sea also, and it was dried up: so he led them through the depths, as through the wilderness. 106:10 And he saved them from the hand of him that hated them, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. 106:11 And the waters covered their enemies: there was not one of them left. 106:12 Then believed they his words; they sang his praise. 106:13 They soon forgat his works; they waited not for his counsel: 106:14 But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness, and tempted God in the desert. 106:15 And he gave them their request; but sent leanness into their soul. 106:16 They envied Moses also in the camp, and Aaron the saint of the LORD. 106:17 The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. 106:18 And a fire was kindled in their company; the flame burned up the wicked. 106:19 They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image. 106:20 Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass. 106:21 They forgat God their saviour, which had done great things in Egypt; 106:22 Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the Red sea. 106:23 Therefore he said that he would destroy them, had not Moses his chosen stood before him in the breach, to turn away his wrath, lest he should destroy them.


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106:24 Yea, they despised the pleasant land, they believed not his word: 106:25 But murmured in their tents, and hearkened not unto the voice of the LORD. 106:26 Therefore he lifted up his hand against them, to overthrow them in the wilderness: 106:27 To overthrow their seed also among the nations, and to scatter them in the lands. 106:28 They joined themselves also unto Baalpeor, and ate the sacrifices of the dead. 106:29 Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the plague brake in upon them. 106:30 Then stood up Phinehas, and executed judgment: and so the plague was stayed. 106:31 And that was counted unto him for righteousness unto all generations for evermore. 106:32 They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses for their sakes: 106:33 Because they provoked his spirit, so that he spake unadvisedly with his lips. 106:34 They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the LORD commanded them: 106:35 But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. 106:36 And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them. 106:37 Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils, 106:38 And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted with blood. 106:39 Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions. 106:40 Therefore was the wrath of the LORD kindled against his people, insomuch that he abhorred his own inheritance. 106:41 And he gave them into the hand of the heathen; and they that hated them ruled over them. 106:42 Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand. 106:43 Many times did he deliver them; but they provoked him with their counsel, and were brought low for their iniquity. 106:44 Nevertheless he regarded their affliction, when he heard their cry: 106:45 And he remembered for them his covenant, and repented according to the multitude of his mercies. 106:46 He made them also to be pitied of all those that carried them captives. 106:47 Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the heathen, to give thanks unto thy holy name, and to triumph in thy praise. 106:48 Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting: and let all the people say,


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Amen. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 107 107:1 O give thanks unto the LORD, for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. 107:2 Let the redeemed of the LORD say so, whom he hath redeemed from the hand of the enemy; 107:3 And gathered them out of the lands, from the east, and from the west, from the north, and from the south. 107:4 They wandered in the wilderness in a solitary way; they found no city to dwell in. 107:5 Hungry and thirsty, their soul fainted in them. 107:6 Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he delivered them out of their distresses. 107:7 And he led them forth by the right way, that they might go to a city of habitation. 107:8 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! 107:9 For he satisfieth the longing soul, and filleth the hungry soul with goodness. 107:10 Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron; 107:11 Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most High: 107:12 Therefore he brought down their heart with labour; they fell down, and there was none to help. 107:13 Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saved them out of their distresses. 107:14 He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death, and brake their bands in sunder. 107:15 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! 107:16 For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder. 107:17 Fools because of their transgression, and because of their iniquities, are afflicted. 107:18 Their soul abhorreth all manner of meat; and they draw near unto the gates of death. 107:19 Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saveth them out of their distresses. 107:20 He sent his word, and healed them, and delivered them from their destructions. 107:21 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! 107:22 And let them sacrifice the sacrifices of thanksgiving, and declare his works with rejoicing. 107:23 They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters; 107:24 These see the works of the LORD, and his wonders in the deep.


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107:25 For he commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth up the waves thereof. 107:26 They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble. 107:27 They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits' end. 107:28 Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he bringeth them out of their distresses. 107:29 He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are still. 107:30 Then are they glad because they be quiet; so he bringeth them unto their desired haven. 107:31 Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! 107:32 Let them exalt him also in the congregation of the people, and praise him in the assembly of the elders. 107:33 He turneth rivers into a wilderness, and the watersprings into dry ground; 107:34 A fruitful land into barrenness, for the wickedness of them that dwell therein. 107:35 He turneth the wilderness into a standing water, and dry ground into watersprings. 107:36 And there he maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may prepare a city for habitation; 107:37 And sow the fields, and plant vineyards, which may yield fruits of increase. 107:38 He blesseth them also, so that they are multiplied greatly; and suffereth not their cattle to decrease. 107:39 Again, they are minished and brought low through oppression, affliction, and sorrow. 107:40 He poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to wander in the wilderness, where there is no way. 107:41 Yet setteth he the poor on high from affliction, and maketh him families like a flock. 107:42 The righteous shall see it, and rejoice: and all iniquity shall stop her mouth. 107:43 Whoso is wise, and will observe these things, even they shall understand the lovingkindness of the LORD.


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Chapter 108 108:1 A Song or Psalm of David. O God, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with my glory. 108:2 Awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. 108:3 I will praise thee, O LORD, among the people: and I will sing praises unto thee among the nations. 108:4 For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth unto the clouds. 108:5 Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth; 108:6 That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and answer me. 108:7 God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. 108:8 Gilead is mine; Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; 108:9 Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe; over Philistia will I triumph. 108:10 Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom? 108:11 Wilt not thou, O God, who hast cast us off? and wilt not thou, O God, go forth with our hosts? 108:12 Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. 108:13 Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies.


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Chapter 109 109:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise; 109:2 For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. 109:3 They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause. 109:4 For my love they are my adversaries: but I give myself unto prayer. 109:5 And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love. 109:6 Set thou a wicked man over him: and let Satan stand at his right hand. 109:7 When he shall be judged, let him be condemned: and let his prayer become sin. 109:8 Let his days be few; and let another take his office. 109:9 Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. 109:10 Let his children be continually vagabonds, and beg: let them seek their bread also out of their desolate places. 109:11 Let the extortioner catch all that he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour. 109:12 Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children. 109:13 Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out. 109:14 Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out. 109:15 Let them be before the LORD continually, that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth. 109:16 Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart. 109:17 As he loved cursing, so let it come unto him: as he delighted not in blessing, so let it be far from him. 109:18 As he clothed himself with cursing like as with his garment, so let it come into his bowels like water, and like oil into his bones. 109:19 Let it be unto him as the garment which covereth him, and for a girdle wherewith he is girded continually. 109:20 Let this be the reward of mine adversaries from the LORD, and of them that speak evil against my soul. 109:21 But do thou for me, O GOD the Lord, for thy name's sake: because thy mercy is good, deliver thou me.


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109:22 For I am poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me. 109:23 I am gone like the shadow when it declineth: I am tossed up and down as the locust. 109:24 My knees are weak through fasting; and my flesh faileth of fatness. 109:25 I became also a reproach unto them: when they looked upon me they shaked their heads. 109:26 Help me, O LORD my God: O save me according to thy mercy: 109:27 That they may know that this is thy hand; that thou, LORD, hast done it. 109:28 Let them curse, but bless thou: when they arise, let them be ashamed; but let thy servant rejoice. 109:29 Let mine adversaries be clothed with shame, and let them cover themselves with their own confusion, as with a mantle. 109:30 I will greatly praise the LORD with my mouth; yea, I will praise him among the multitude. 109:31 For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor, to save him from those that condemn his soul.


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Chapter 110 110:1 A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. 110:2 The LORD shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 110:3 Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. 110:4 The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. 110:5 The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. 110:6 He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. 110:7 He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.


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Chapter 111 111:1 Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the LORD with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. 111:2 The works of the LORD are great, sought out of all them that have pleasure therein. 111:3 His work is honourable and glorious: and his righteousness endureth for ever. 111:4 He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered: the LORD is gracious and full of compassion. 111:5 He hath given meat unto them that fear him: he will ever be mindful of his covenant. 111:6 He hath shewed his people the power of his works, that he may give them the heritage of the heathen. 111:7 The works of his hands are verity and judgment; all his commandments are sure. 111:8 They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and uprightness. 111:9 He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name. 111:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they that do his commandments: his praise endureth for ever.


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Chapter 112 112:1 Praise ye the LORD. Blessed is the man that feareth the LORD, that delighteth greatly in his commandments. 112:2 His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the generation of the upright shall be blessed. 112:3 Wealth and riches shall be in his house: and his righteousness endureth for ever. 112:4 Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous. 112:5 A good man sheweth favour, and lendeth: he will guide his affairs with discretion. 112:6 Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance. 112:7 He shall not be afraid of evil tidings: his heart is fixed, trusting in the LORD. 112:8 His heart is established, he shall not be afraid, until he see his desire upon his enemies. 112:9 He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour. 112:10 The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish.


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Chapter 113 113:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise, O ye servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD. 113:2 Blessed be the name of the LORD from this time forth and for evermore. 113:3 From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the LORD'S name is to be praised. 113:4 The LORD is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens. 113:5 Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high, 113:6 Who humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven, and in the earth! 113:7 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth the needy out of the dunghill; 113:8 That he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his people. 113:9 He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 114 114:1 When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language; 114:2 Judah was his sanctuary, and Israel his dominion. 114:3 The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back. 114:4 The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like lambs. 114:5 What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, that thou wast driven back? 114:6 Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams; and ye little hills, like lambs? 114:7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob; 114:8 Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a fountain of waters.


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Chapter 115 115:1 Not unto us, O LORD, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy, and for thy truth's sake. 115:2 Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is now their God? 115:3 But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. 115:4 Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. 115:5 They have mouths, but they speak not: eyes have they, but they see not: 115:6 They have ears, but they hear not: noses have they, but they smell not: 115:7 They have hands, but they handle not: feet have they, but they walk not: neither speak they through their throat. 115:8 They that make them are like unto them; so is every one that trusteth in them. 115:9 O Israel, trust thou in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 115:10 O house of Aaron, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 115:11 Ye that fear the LORD, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 115:12 The LORD hath been mindful of us: he will bless us; he will bless the house of Israel; he will bless the house of Aaron. 115:13 He will bless them that fear the LORD, both small and great. 115:14 The LORD shall increase you more and more, you and your children. 115:15 Ye are blessed of the LORD which made heaven and earth. 115:16 The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD'S: but the earth hath he given to the children of men. 115:17 The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into silence. 115:18 But we will bless the LORD from this time forth and for evermore. Praise the LORD.


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Chapter 116 116:1 I love the LORD, because he hath heard my voice and my supplications. 116:2 Because he hath inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call upon him as long as I live. 116:3 The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me: I found trouble and sorrow. 116:4 Then called I upon the name of the LORD; O LORD, I beseech thee, deliver my soul. 116:5 Gracious is the LORD, and righteous; yea, our God is merciful. 116:6 The LORD preserveth the simple: I was brought low, and he helped me. 116:7 Return unto thy rest, O my soul; for the LORD hath dealt bountifully with thee. 116:8 For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eyes from tears, and my feet from falling. 116:9 I will walk before the LORD in the land of the living. 116:10 I believed, therefore have I spoken: I was greatly afflicted: 116:11 I said in my haste, All men are liars. 116:12 What shall I render unto the LORD for all his benefits toward me? 116:13 I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the LORD. 116:14 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people. 116:15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints. 116:16 O LORD, truly I am thy servant; I am thy servant, and the son of thine handmaid: thou hast loosed my bonds. 116:17 I will offer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving, and will call upon the name of the LORD. 116:18 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people, 116:19 In the courts of the LORD'S house, in the midst of thee, O Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 117 117:1 O praise the LORD, all ye nations: praise him, all ye people. 117:2 For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 118 118:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever. 118:2 Let Israel now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 118:3 Let the house of Aaron now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 118:4 Let them now that fear the LORD say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 118:5 I called upon the LORD in distress: the LORD answered me, and set me in a large place. 118:6 The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me? 118:7 The LORD taketh my part with them that help me: therefore shall I see my desire upon them that hate me. 118:8 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. 118:9 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in princes. 118:10 All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy them. 118:11 They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. 118:12 They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. 118:13 Thou hast thrust sore at me that I might fall: but the LORD helped me. 118:14 The LORD is my strength and song, and is become my salvation. 118:15 The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. 118:16 The right hand of the LORD is exalted: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. 118:17 I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD. 118:18 The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over unto death. 118:19 Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and I will praise the LORD: 118:20 This gate of the LORD, into which the righteous shall enter. 118:21 I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my salvation. 118:22 The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. 118:23 This is the LORD'S doing; it is marvellous in our eyes. 118:24 This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it.


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118:25 Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send now prosperity. 118:26 Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. 118:27 God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar. 118:28 Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I will exalt thee. 118:29 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever.


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Chapter 119 119:1 ALEPH. Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the LORD. 119:2 Blessed are they that keep his testimonies, and that seek him with the whole heart. 119:3 They also do no iniquity: they walk in his ways. 119:4 Thou hast commanded us to keep thy precepts diligently. 119:5 O that my ways were directed to keep thy statutes! 119:6 Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto all thy commandments. 119:7 I will praise thee with uprightness of heart, when I shall have learned thy righteous judgments. 119:8 I will keep thy statutes: O forsake me not utterly. 119:9 BETH. Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by taking heed thereto according to thy word. 119:10 With my whole heart have I sought thee: O let me not wander from thy commandments. 119:11 Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against thee. 119:12 Blessed art thou, O LORD: teach me thy statutes. 119:13 With my lips have I declared all the judgments of thy mouth. 119:14 I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches. 119:15 I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect unto thy ways. 119:16 I will delight myself in thy statutes: I will not forget thy word. 119:17 GIMEL. Deal bountifully with thy servant, that I may live, and keep thy word. 119:18 Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law. 119:19 I am a stranger in the earth: hide not thy commandments from me. 119:20 My soul breaketh for the longing that it hath unto thy judgments at all times. 119:21 Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments. 119:22 Remove from me reproach and contempt; for I have kept thy testimonies. 119:23 Princes also did sit and speak against me: but thy servant did meditate in thy statutes. 119:24 Thy testimonies also are my delight and my counsellors. 119:25 DALETH. My soul cleaveth unto the dust: quicken thou me according to thy word. 119:26 I have declared my ways, and thou heardest me: teach me thy statutes.


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119:27 Make me to understand the way of thy precepts: so shall I talk of thy wondrous works. 119:28 My soul melteth for heaviness: strengthen thou me according unto thy word. 119:29 Remove from me the way of lying: and grant me thy law graciously. 119:30 I have chosen the way of truth: thy judgments have I laid before me. 119:31 I have stuck unto thy testimonies: O LORD, put me not to shame. 119:32 I will run the way of thy commandments, when thou shalt enlarge my heart. 119:33 HE. Teach me, O LORD, the way of thy statutes; and I shall keep it unto the end. 119:34 Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law; yea, I shall observe it with my whole heart. 119:35 Make me to go in the path of thy commandments; for therein do I delight. 119:36 Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, and not to covetousness. 119:37 Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity; and quicken thou me in thy way. 119:38 Stablish thy word unto thy servant, who is devoted to thy fear. 119:39 Turn away my reproach which I fear: for thy judgments are good. 119:40 Behold, I have longed after thy precepts: quicken me in thy righteousness. 119:41 VAU. Let thy mercies come also unto me, O LORD, even thy salvation, according to thy word. 119:42 So shall I have wherewith to answer him that reproacheth me: for I trust in thy word. 119:43 And take not the word of truth utterly out of my mouth; for I have hoped in thy judgments. 119:44 So shall I keep thy law continually for ever and ever. 119:45 And I will walk at liberty: for I seek thy precepts. 119:46 I will speak of thy testimonies also before kings, and will not be ashamed. 119:47 And I will delight myself in thy commandments, which I have loved. 119:48 My hands also will I lift up unto thy commandments, which I have loved; and I will meditate in thy statutes. 119:49 ZAIN. Remember the word unto thy servant, upon which thou hast caused me to hope. 119:50 This is my comfort in my affliction: for thy word hath quickened me. 119:51 The proud have had me greatly in derision: yet have I not declined from thy law. 119:52 I remembered thy judgments of old, O LORD; and have comforted myself. 119:53 Horror hath taken hold upon me because of the wicked that forsake thy law.


991

119:54 Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage. 119:55 I have remembered thy name, O LORD, in the night, and have kept thy law. 119:56 This I had, because I kept thy precepts. 119:57 CHETH. Thou art my portion, O LORD: I have said that I would keep thy words. 119:58 I intreated thy favour with my whole heart: be merciful unto me according to thy word. 119:59 I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto thy testimonies. 119:60 I made haste, and delayed not to keep thy commandments. 119:61 The bands of the wicked have robbed me: but I have not forgotten thy law. 119:62 At midnight I will rise to give thanks unto thee because of thy righteous judgments. 119:63 I am a companion of all them that fear thee, and of them that keep thy precepts. 119:64 The earth, O LORD, is full of thy mercy: teach me thy statutes. 119:65 TETH. Thou hast dealt well with thy servant, O LORD, according unto thy word. 119:66 Teach me good judgment and knowledge: for I have believed thy commandments. 119:67 Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now have I kept thy word. 119:68 Thou art good, and doest good; teach me thy statutes. 119:69 The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart. 119:70 Their heart is as fat as grease; but I delight in thy law. 119:71 It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes. 119:72 The law of thy mouth is better unto me than thousands of gold and silver. 119:73 JOD. Thy hands have made me and fashioned me: give me understanding, that I may learn thy commandments. 119:74 They that fear thee will be glad when they see me; because I have hoped in thy word. 119:75 I know, O LORD, that thy judgments are right, and that thou in faithfulness hast afflicted me. 119:76 Let, I pray thee, thy merciful kindness be for my comfort, according to thy word unto thy servant. 119:77 Let thy tender mercies come unto me, that I may live: for thy law is my delight. 119:78 Let the proud be ashamed; for they dealt perversely with me without a cause: but I will meditate in thy precepts. 119:79 Let those that fear thee turn unto me, and those that have known thy testimonies.


992

119:80 Let my heart be sound in thy statutes; that I be not ashamed. 119:81 CAPH. My soul fainteth for thy salvation: but I hope in thy word. 119:82 Mine eyes fail for thy word, saying, When wilt thou comfort me? 119:83 For I am become like a bottle in the smoke; yet do I not forget thy statutes. 119:84 How many are the days of thy servant? when wilt thou execute judgment on them that persecute me? 119:85 The proud have digged pits for me, which are not after thy law. 119:86 All thy commandments are faithful: they persecute me wrongfully; help thou me. 119:87 They had almost consumed me upon earth; but I forsook not thy precepts. 119:88 Quicken me after thy lovingkindness; so shall I keep the testimony of thy mouth. 119:89 LAMED. For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven. 119:90 Thy faithfulness is unto all generations: thou hast established the earth, and it abideth. 119:91 They continue this day according to thine ordinances: for all are thy servants. 119:92 Unless thy law had been my delights, I should then have perished in mine affliction. 119:93 I will never forget thy precepts: for with them thou hast quickened me. 119:94 I am thine, save me; for I have sought thy precepts. 119:95 The wicked have waited for me to destroy me: but I will consider thy testimonies. 119:96 I have seen an end of all perfection: but thy commandment is exceeding broad. 119:97 MEM. O how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. 119:98 Thou through thy commandments hast made me wiser than mine enemies: for they are ever with me. 119:99 I have more understanding than all my teachers: for thy testimonies are my meditation. 119:100 I understand more than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts. 119:101 I have refrained my feet from every evil way, that I might keep thy word. 119:102 I have not departed from thy judgments: for thou hast taught me. 119:103 How sweet are thy words unto my taste! yea, sweeter than honey to my mouth! 119:104 Through thy precepts I get understanding: therefore I hate every false way. 119:105 NUN. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. 119:106 I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thy righteous judgments.


993

119:107 I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O LORD, according unto thy word. 119:108 Accept, I beseech thee, the freewill offerings of my mouth, O LORD, and teach me thy judgments. 119:109 My soul is continually in my hand: yet do I not forget thy law. 119:110 The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thy precepts. 119:111 Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: for they are the rejoicing of my heart. 119:112 I have inclined mine heart to perform thy statutes alway, even unto the end. 119:113 SAMECH. I hate vain thoughts: but thy law do I love. 119:114 Thou art my hiding place and my shield: I hope in thy word. 119:115 Depart from me, ye evildoers: for I will keep the commandments of my God. 119:116 Uphold me according unto thy word, that I may live: and let me not be ashamed of my hope. 119:117 Hold thou me up, and I shall be safe: and I will have respect unto thy statutes continually. 119:118 Thou hast trodden down all them that err from thy statutes: for their deceit is falsehood. 119:119 Thou puttest away all the wicked of the earth like dross: therefore I love thy testimonies. 119:120 My flesh trembleth for fear of thee; and I am afraid of thy judgments. 119:121 AIN. I have done judgment and justice: leave me not to mine oppressors. 119:122 Be surety for thy servant for good: let not the proud oppress me. 119:123 Mine eyes fail for thy salvation, and for the word of thy righteousness. 119:124 Deal with thy servant according unto thy mercy, and teach me thy statutes. 119:125 I am thy servant; give me understanding, that I may know thy testimonies. 119:126 It is time for thee, LORD, to work: for they have made void thy law. 119:127 Therefore I love thy commandments above gold; yea, above fine gold. 119:128 Therefore I esteem all thy precepts concerning all things to be right; and I hate every false way. 119:129 PE. Thy testimonies are wonderful: therefore doth my soul keep them. 119:130 The entrance of thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple. 119:131 I opened my mouth, and panted: for I longed for thy commandments. 119:132 Look thou upon me, and be merciful unto me, as thou usest to do unto those that love thy name. 119:133 Order my steps in thy word: and let not any iniquity have dominion over me.


994

119:134 Deliver me from the oppression of man: so will I keep thy precepts. 119:135 Make thy face to shine upon thy servant; and teach me thy statutes. 119:136 Rivers of waters run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy law. 119:137 TZADDI. Righteous art thou, O LORD, and upright are thy judgments. 119:138 Thy testimonies that thou hast commanded are righteous and very faithful. 119:139 My zeal hath consumed me, because mine enemies have forgotten thy words. 119:140 Thy word is very pure: therefore thy servant loveth it. 119:141 I am small and despised: yet do not I forget thy precepts. 119:142 Thy righteousness is an everlasting righteousness, and thy law is the truth. 119:143 Trouble and anguish have taken hold on me: yet thy commandments are my delights. 119:144 The righteousness of thy testimonies is everlasting: give me understanding, and I shall live. 119:145 KOPH. I cried with my whole heart; hear me, O LORD: I will keep thy statutes. 119:146 I cried unto thee; save me, and I shall keep thy testimonies. 119:147 I prevented the dawning of the morning, and cried: I hoped in thy word. 119:148 Mine eyes prevent the night watches, that I might meditate in thy word. 119:149 Hear my voice according unto thy lovingkindness: O LORD, quicken me according to thy judgment. 119:150 They draw nigh that follow after mischief: they are far from thy law. 119:151 Thou art near, O LORD; and all thy commandments are truth. 119:152 Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast founded them for ever. 119:153 RESH. Consider mine affliction, and deliver me: for I do not forget thy law. 119:154 Plead my cause, and deliver me: quicken me according to thy word. 119:155 Salvation is far from the wicked: for they seek not thy statutes. 119:156 Great are thy tender mercies, O LORD: quicken me according to thy judgments. 119:157 Many are my persecutors and mine enemies; yet do I not decline from thy testimonies. 119:158 I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word. 119:159 Consider how I love thy precepts: quicken me, O LORD, according to thy lovingkindness. 119:160 Thy word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy righteous judgments endureth for ever.


995

119:161 SCHIN. Princes have persecuted me without a cause: but my heart standeth in awe of thy word. 119:162 I rejoice at thy word, as one that findeth great spoil. 119:163 I hate and abhor lying: but thy law do I love. 119:164 Seven times a day do I praise thee because of thy righteous judgments. 119:165 Great peace have they which love thy law: and nothing shall offend them. 119:166 LORD, I have hoped for thy salvation, and done thy commandments. 119:167 My soul hath kept thy testimonies; and I love them exceedingly. 119:168 I have kept thy precepts and thy testimonies: for all my ways are before thee. 119:169 TAU. Let my cry come near before thee, O LORD: give me understanding according to thy word. 119:170 Let my supplication come before thee: deliver me according to thy word. 119:171 My lips shall utter praise, when thou hast taught me thy statutes. 119:172 My tongue shall speak of thy word: for all thy commandments are righteousness. 119:173 Let thine hand help me; for I have chosen thy precepts. 119:174 I have longed for thy salvation, O LORD; and thy law is my delight. 119:175 Let my soul live, and it shall praise thee; and let thy judgments help me. 119:176 I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek thy servant; for I do not forget thy commandments.


996

Chapter 120 120:1 A Song of degrees. In my distress I cried unto the LORD, and he heard me. 120:2 Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful tongue. 120:3 What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue? 120:4 Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. 120:5 Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents of Kedar! 120:6 My soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace. 120:7 I am for peace: but when I speak, they are for war.


997

Chapter 121 121:1 A Song of degrees. I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. 121:2 My help cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth. 121:3 He will not suffer thy foot to be moved: he that keepeth thee will not slumber. 121:4 Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. 121:5 The LORD is thy keeper: the LORD is thy shade upon thy right hand. 121:6 The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night. 121:7 The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul. 121:8 The LORD shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in from this time forth, and even for evermore.


998

Chapter 122 122:1 A Song of degrees of David. I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the LORD. 122:2 Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem. 122:3 Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact together: 122:4 Whither the tribes go up, the tribes of the LORD, unto the testimony of Israel, to give thanks unto the name of the LORD. 122:5 For there are set thrones of judgment, the thrones of the house of David. 122:6 Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: they shall prosper that love thee. 122:7 Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces. 122:8 For my brethren and companions' sakes, I will now say, Peace be within thee. 122:9 Because of the house of the LORD our God I will seek thy good.


999

Chapter 123 123:1 A Song of degrees. Unto thee lift I up mine eyes, O thou that dwellest in the heavens. 123:2 Behold, as the eyes of servants look unto the hand of their masters, and as the eyes of a maiden unto the hand of her mistress; so our eyes wait upon the LORD our God, until that he have mercy upon us. 123:3 Have mercy upon us, O LORD, have mercy upon us: for we are exceedingly filled with contempt. 123:4 Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that are at ease, and with the contempt of the proud.


1000

Chapter 124 124:1 A Song of degrees of David. If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say; 124:2 If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose up against us: 124:3 Then they had swallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled against us: 124:4 Then the waters had overwhelmed us, the stream had gone over our soul: 124:5 Then the proud waters had gone over our soul. 124:6 Blessed be the LORD, who hath not given us as a prey to their teeth. 124:7 Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped. 124:8 Our help is in the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth.


1001

Chapter 125 125:1 A Song of degrees. They that trust in the LORD shall be as mount Zion, which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever. 125:2 As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so the LORD is round about his people from henceforth even for ever. 125:3 For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the righteous; lest the righteous put forth their hands unto iniquity. 125:4 Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good, and to them that are upright in their hearts. 125:5 As for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways, the LORD shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity: but peace shall be upon Israel.


1002

Chapter 126 126:1 A Song of degrees. When the LORD turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like them that dream. 126:2 Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with singing: then said they among the heathen, The LORD hath done great things for them. 126:3 The LORD hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad. 126:4 Turn again our captivity, O LORD, as the streams in the south. 126:5 They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. 126:6 He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him.


1003

Chapter 127 127:1 A Song of degrees for Solomon. Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. 127:2 It is vain for you to rise up early, to sit up late, to eat the bread of sorrows: for so he giveth his beloved sleep. 127:3 Lo, children are an heritage of the LORD: and the fruit of the womb is his reward. 127:4 As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of the youth. 127:5 Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.


1004

Chapter 128 128:1 A Song of degrees. Blessed is every one that feareth the LORD; that walketh in his ways. 128:2 For thou shalt eat the labour of thine hands: happy shalt thou be, and it shall be well with thee. 128:3 Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine by the sides of thine house: thy children like olive plants round about thy table. 128:4 Behold, that thus shall the man be blessed that feareth the LORD. 128:5 The LORD shall bless thee out of Zion: and thou shalt see the good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life. 128:6 Yea, thou shalt see thy children's children, and peace upon Israel.


1005

Chapter 129 129:1 A Song of degrees. Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth, may Israel now say: 129:2 Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth: yet they have not prevailed against me. 129:3 The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows. 129:4 The LORD is righteous: he hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. 129:5 Let them all be confounded and turned back that hate Zion. 129:6 Let them be as the grass upon the housetops, which withereth afore it groweth up: 129:7 Wherewith the mower filleth not his hand; nor he that bindeth sheaves his bosom. 129:8 Neither do they which go by say, The blessing of the LORD be upon you: we bless you in the name of the LORD.


1006

Chapter 130 130:1 A Song of degrees. Out of the depths have I cried unto thee, O LORD. 130:2 Lord, hear my voice: let thine ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications. 130:3 If thou, LORD, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? 130:4 But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared. 130:5 I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope. 130:6 My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning. 130:7 Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, and with him is plenteous redemption. 130:8 And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.


1007

Chapter 131 131:1 A Song of degrees of David. LORD, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me. 131:2 Surely I have behaved and quieted myself, as a child that is weaned of his mother: my soul is even as a weaned child. 131:3 Let Israel hope in the LORD from henceforth and for ever.


1008

Chapter 132 132:1 A Song of degrees. LORD, remember David, and all his afflictions: 132:2 How he sware unto the LORD, and vowed unto the mighty God of Jacob; 132:3 Surely I will not come into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; 132:4 I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, 132:5 Until I find out a place for the LORD, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob. 132:6 Lo, we heard of it at Ephratah: we found it in the fields of the wood. 132:7 We will go into his tabernacles: we will worship at his footstool. 132:8 Arise, O LORD, into thy rest; thou, and the ark of thy strength. 132:9 Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness; and let thy saints shout for joy. 132:10 For thy servant David's sake turn not away the face of thine anointed. 132:11 The LORD hath sworn in truth unto David; he will not turn from it; Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne. 132:12 If thy children will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, their children shall also sit upon thy throne for evermore. 132:13 For the LORD hath chosen Zion; he hath desired it for his habitation. 132:14 This is my rest for ever: here will I dwell; for I have desired it. 132:15 I will abundantly bless her provision: I will satisfy her poor with bread. 132:16 I will also clothe her priests with salvation: and her saints shall shout aloud for joy. 132:17 There will I make the horn of David to bud: I have ordained a lamp for mine anointed. 132:18 His enemies will I clothe with shame: but upon himself shall his crown flourish.


1009

Chapter 133 133:1 A Song of degrees of David. Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! 133:2 It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran down upon the beard, even Aaron's beard: that went down to the skirts of his garments; 133:3 As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore.


1010

Chapter 134 134:1 A Song of degrees. Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD, which by night stand in the house of the LORD. 134:2 Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the LORD. 134:3 The LORD that made heaven and earth bless thee out of Zion.


1011

Chapter 135 135:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the name of the LORD; praise him, O ye servants of the LORD. 135:2 Ye that stand in the house of the LORD, in the courts of the house of our God, 135:3 Praise the LORD; for the LORD is good: sing praises unto his name; for it is pleasant. 135:4 For the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his peculiar treasure. 135:5 For I know that the LORD is great, and that our Lord is above all gods. 135:6 Whatsoever the LORD pleased, that did he in heaven, and in earth, in the seas, and all deep places. 135:7 He causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings for the rain; he bringeth the wind out of his treasuries. 135:8 Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast. 135:9 Who sent tokens and wonders into the midst of thee, O Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his servants. 135:10 Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings; 135:11 Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan: 135:12 And gave their land for an heritage, an heritage unto Israel his people. 135:13 Thy name, O LORD, endureth for ever; and thy memorial, O LORD, throughout all generations. 135:14 For the LORD will judge his people, and he will repent himself concerning his servants. 135:15 The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. 135:16 They have mouths, but they speak not; eyes have they, but they see not; 135:17 They have ears, but they hear not; neither is there any breath in their mouths. 135:18 They that make them are like unto them: so is every one that trusteth in them. 135:19 Bless the LORD, O house of Israel: bless the LORD, O house of Aaron: 135:20 Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless the LORD. 135:21 Blessed be the LORD out of Zion, which dwelleth at Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD.


1012

Chapter 136 136:1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:2 O give thanks unto the God of gods: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:3 O give thanks to the Lord of lords: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:4 To him who alone doeth great wonders: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:5 To him that by wisdom made the heavens: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:6 To him that stretched out the earth above the waters: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:7 To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:8 The sun to rule by day: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:9 The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:10 To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:11 And brought out Israel from among them: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:12 With a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:13 To him which divided the Red sea into parts: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:14 And made Israel to pass through the midst of it: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:15 But overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red sea: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:16 To him which led his people through the wilderness: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:17 To him which smote great kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:18 And slew famous kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:19 Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:20 And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:21 And gave their land for an heritage: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:22 Even an heritage unto Israel his servant: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:23 Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever: 136:24 And hath redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:25 Who giveth food to all flesh: for his mercy endureth for ever. 136:26 O give thanks unto the God of heaven: for his mercy endureth for ever.


1013

Chapter 137 137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. 137:2 We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. 137:3 For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. 137:4 How shall we sing the LORD'S song in a strange land? 137:5 If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. 137:6 If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. 137:7 Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who said, Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof. 137:8 O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us. 137:9 Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones.


1014

Chapter 138 138:1 A Psalm of David. I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I sing praise unto thee. 138:2 I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy truth: for thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name. 138:3 In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with strength in my soul. 138:4 All the kings of the earth shall praise thee, O LORD, when they hear the words of thy mouth. 138:5 Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the LORD: for great is the glory of the LORD. 138:6 Though the LORD be high, yet hath he respect unto the lowly: but the proud he knoweth afar off. 138:7 Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou wilt revive me: thou shalt stretch forth thine hand against the wrath of mine enemies, and thy right hand shall save me. 138:8 The LORD will perfect that which concerneth me: thy mercy, O LORD, endureth for ever: forsake not the works of thine own hands.


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Chapter 139 139:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me. 139:2 Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off. 139:3 Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways. 139:4 For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether. 139:5 Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me. 139:6 Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it. 139:7 Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence? 139:8 If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art there. 139:9 If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; 139:10 Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me. 139:11 If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me. 139:12 Yea, the darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee. 139:13 For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. 139:14 I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. 139:15 My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. 139:16 Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. 139:17 How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them! 139:18 If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with thee. 139:19 Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, ye bloody men. 139:20 For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain. 139:21 Do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against thee? 139:22 I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies. 139:23 Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: 139:24 And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.


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Chapter 140 140:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Deliver me, O LORD, from the evil man: preserve me from the violent man; 140:2 Which imagine mischiefs in their heart; continually are they gathered together for war. 140:3 They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders' poison is under their lips. Selah. 140:4 Keep me, O LORD, from the hands of the wicked; preserve me from the violent man; who have purposed to overthrow my goings. 140:5 The proud have hid a snare for me, and cords; they have spread a net by the wayside; they have set gins for me. Selah. 140:6 I said unto the LORD, Thou art my God: hear the voice of my supplications, O LORD. 140:7 O GOD the Lord, the strength of my salvation, thou hast covered my head in the day of battle. 140:8 Grant not, O LORD, the desires of the wicked: further not his wicked device; lest they exalt themselves. Selah. 140:9 As for the head of those that compass me about, let the mischief of their own lips cover them. 140:10 Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again. 140:11 Let not an evil speaker be established in the earth: evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. 140:12 I know that the LORD will maintain the cause of the afflicted, and the right of the poor. 140:13 Surely the righteous shall give thanks unto thy name: the upright shall dwell in thy presence.


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Chapter 141 141:1 A Psalm of David. LORD, I cry unto thee: make haste unto me; give ear unto my voice, when I cry unto thee. 141:2 Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. 141:3 Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips. 141:4 Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practise wicked works with men that work iniquity: and let me not eat of their dainties. 141:5 Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness: and let him reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil, which shall not break my head: for yet my prayer also shall be in their calamities. 141:6 When their judges are overthrown in stony places, they shall hear my words; for they are sweet. 141:7 Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth, as when one cutteth and cleaveth wood upon the earth. 141:8 But mine eyes are unto thee, O GOD the Lord: in thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute. 141:9 Keep me from the snares which they have laid for me, and the gins of the workers of iniquity. 141:10 Let the wicked fall into their own nets, whilst that I withal escape.


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Chapter 142 142:1 Maschil of David; A Prayer when he was in the cave. I cried unto the LORD with my voice; with my voice unto the LORD did I make my supplication. 142:2 I poured out my complaint before him; I shewed before him my trouble. 142:3 When my spirit was overwhelmed within me, then thou knewest my path. In the way wherein I walked have they privily laid a snare for me. 142:4 I looked on my right hand, and beheld, but there was no man that would know me: refuge failed me; no man cared for my soul. 142:5 I cried unto thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my refuge and my portion in the land of the living. 142:6 Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low: deliver me from my persecutors; for they are stronger than I. 142:7 Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name: the righteous shall compass me about; for thou shalt deal bountifully with me.


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Chapter 143 143:1 A Psalm of David. Hear my prayer, O LORD, give ear to my supplications: in thy faithfulness answer me, and in thy righteousness. 143:2 And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sight shall no man living be justified. 143:3 For the enemy hath persecuted my soul; he hath smitten my life down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those that have been long dead. 143:4 Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate. 143:5 I remember the days of old; I meditate on all thy works; I muse on the work of thy hands. 143:6 I stretch forth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after thee, as a thirsty land. Selah. 143:7 Hear me speedily, O LORD: my spirit faileth: hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. 143:8 Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift up my soul unto thee. 143:9 Deliver me, O LORD, from mine enemies: I flee unto thee to hide me. 143:10 Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness. 143:11 Quicken me, O LORD, for thy name's sake: for thy righteousness' sake bring my soul out of trouble. 143:12 And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant.


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Chapter 144 144:1 A Psalm of David. Blessed be the LORD my strength, which teacheth my hands to war, and my fingers to fight: 144:2 My goodness, and my fortress; my high tower, and my deliverer; my shield, and he in whom I trust; who subdueth my people under me. 144:3 LORD, what is man, that thou takest knowledge of him! or the son of man, that thou makest account of him! 144:4 Man is like to vanity: his days are as a shadow that passeth away. 144:5 Bow thy heavens, O LORD, and come down: touch the mountains, and they shall smoke. 144:6 Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them. 144:7 Send thine hand from above; rid me, and deliver me out of great waters, from the hand of strange children; 144:8 Whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right hand of falsehood. 144:9 I will sing a new song unto thee, O God: upon a psaltery and an instrument of ten strings will I sing praises unto thee. 144:10 It is he that giveth salvation unto kings: who delivereth David his servant from the hurtful sword. 144:11 Rid me, and deliver me from the hand of strange children, whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right hand of falsehood: 144:12 That our sons may be as plants grown up in their youth; that our daughters may be as corner stones, polished after the similitude of a palace: 144:13 That our garners may be full, affording all manner of store: that our sheep may bring forth thousands and ten thousands in our streets: 144:14 That our oxen may be strong to labour; that there be no breaking in, nor going out; that there be no complaining in our streets. 144:15 Happy is that people, that is in such a case: yea, happy is that people, whose God is the LORD.


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Chapter 145 145:1 David's Psalm of praise. I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever. 145:2 Every day will I bless thee; and I will praise thy name for ever and ever. 145:3 Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness is unsearchable. 145:4 One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts. 145:5 I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy wondrous works. 145:6 And men shall speak of the might of thy terrible acts: and I will declare thy greatness. 145:7 They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great goodness, and shall sing of thy righteousness. 145:8 The LORD is gracious, and full of compassion; slow to anger, and of great mercy. 145:9 The LORD is good to all: and his tender mercies are over all his works. 145:10 All thy works shall praise thee, O LORD; and thy saints shall bless thee. 145:11 They shall speak of the glory of thy kingdom, and talk of thy power; 145:12 To make known to the sons of men his mighty acts, and the glorious majesty of his kingdom. 145:13 Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion endureth throughout all generations. 145:14 The LORD upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that be bowed down. 145:15 The eyes of all wait upon thee; and thou givest them their meat in due season. 145:16 Thou openest thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every living thing. 145:17 The LORD is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. 145:18 The LORD is nigh unto all them that call upon him, to all that call upon him in truth. 145:19 He will fulfil the desire of them that fear him: he also will hear their cry, and will save them. 145:20 The LORD preserveth all them that love him: but all the wicked will he destroy. 145:21 My mouth shall speak the praise of the LORD: and let all flesh bless his holy name for ever and ever.


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Chapter 146 146:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise the LORD, O my soul. 146:2 While I live will I praise the LORD: I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being. 146:3 Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. 146:4 His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish. 146:5 Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in the LORD his God: 146:6 Which made heaven, and earth, the sea, and all that therein is: which keepeth truth for ever: 146:7 Which executeth judgment for the oppressed: which giveth food to the hungry. The LORD looseth the prisoners: 146:8 The LORD openeth the eyes of the blind: the LORD raiseth them that are bowed down: the LORD loveth the righteous: 146:9 The LORD preserveth the strangers; he relieveth the fatherless and widow: but the way of the wicked he turneth upside down. 146:10 The LORD shall reign for ever, even thy God, O Zion, unto all generations. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 147 147:1 Praise ye the LORD: for it is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant; and praise is comely. 147:2 The LORD doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the outcasts of Israel. 147:3 He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds. 147:4 He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names. 147:5 Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is infinite. 147:6 The LORD lifteth up the meek: he casteth the wicked down to the ground. 147:7 Sing unto the LORD with thanksgiving; sing praise upon the harp unto our God: 147:8 Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh grass to grow upon the mountains. 147:9 He giveth to the beast his food, and to the young ravens which cry. 147:10 He delighteth not in the strength of the horse: he taketh not pleasure in the legs of a man. 147:11 The LORD taketh pleasure in them that fear him, in those that hope in his mercy. 147:12 Praise the LORD, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion. 147:13 For he hath strengthened the bars of thy gates; he hath blessed thy children within thee. 147:14 He maketh peace in thy borders, and filleth thee with the finest of the wheat. 147:15 He sendeth forth his commandment upon earth: his word runneth very swiftly. 147:16 He giveth snow like wool: he scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. 147:17 He casteth forth his ice like morsels: who can stand before his cold? 147:18 He sendeth out his word, and melteth them: he causeth his wind to blow, and the waters flow. 147:19 He sheweth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments unto Israel. 147:20 He hath not dealt so with any nation: and as for his judgments, they have not known them. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 148 Bible study methods used: Contextual method (layering); word/phrase linking; This Psalms goes with I Samuel 16-22. 148:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the LORD from the heavens: praise him in the heights. 148:2 Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts. 148:3 Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. 148:4 Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens. 148:5 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created. 148:6 He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass. 148:7 Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps: 148:8 Fire, and hail; snow, and vapour; stormy wind fulfilling his word: 148:9 Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: 148:10 Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl:

"flying fowl" – The psalmist declares praise that comes from all three heavens: Psa 148:1-4 [1] Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the LORD from the heavens: praise him in the heights. [2] Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts. [3] Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. [4] Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens.

The Atmospheric Heavens – Where the clouds are and the birds fly. The Planetary Heavens – The region where the Sun, Moon, and Stars dwell. The Third Heaven – Where God and the angel's dwell. It is also known as paradise. 2 Cor 12:2, 4 [2] I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago, (whether in the body, I cannot tell; or whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God knoweth;) such an one caught up to the third heaven. [4] How that he was caught up into paradise, and heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.

V.1 is a general statement. Praise the LORD from ALL the heavens. And then he describes each one starting with the third heaven, the to the planetary heavens, and ending with the atmospheric heaven. When we compare the inhabitants of the third heaven with the inhabitants of the atmospheric heavens we see that one group is alive and the other is inanimate (not alive). The question then arises how can these inanimate objects praise the Lord? And why should they praise the Lord? Ps 148:5 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created.


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He then gives the reason. Let them praise him for (meaning the reason why and how they praise Him) is because He commanded and they were created. This is the first time it says praise the name of the Lord. What is His name? Creator. The reason why the angels and all of the host of heaven should praise Him is because He is the Creator. But how do the inanimate objects praise the Lord? By representing His handy work. But the angels also give praise to the Lord because they also are representatives of His handy work. They all reveal what happened when the Lord commanded that they be created. Meaning when the Lord commands this is what happens. The third heavens are full, the unfallen worlds were created and the inanimate objects in the planetary heavens. They all give praise to God. Note: Also in other verses in the Bible we see that the water obeys His voice by not passing its set boundary. This also fulfills the word of God. Then he gives more reasons as to why they should praise God. Ps 148:6 He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass."

Another reason why they should praise the Lord is because He has also established them for ever and ever. What has he established forever? Everything that He created. And then it adds another concept: It says He made a decree which shall not pass. This is another phrase explaining what it means to command. This is what it means from verses 1-6: First layer. Then he gives a third reason why they should praise the Lord. Ps 148:7-8 [7] Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps: [8] Fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his word:

The third reason why is because when God commands fire, hail, etc and all these things in the earth they fulfill His word. He gives 3 reasons why we should praise the Lord. (1) He commanded and they were created. (2) He established them forever and made a decree that shall not pass. (3) When He commands His word is fulfilled. Then it gives examples of all the things that the Lord uses to fulfill His word. Ps 148:9-13 [9] Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: [10] Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl: [11] Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth: [12] Both young men, and maidens; old men, and children: [13] Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent; his glory [is] above the earth and heaven.

Let them all praise the name of the Lord. This is the second and third time name is mentioned. He name is Creator, and who created all things? Jesus Christ. Now he is going to bring in a comparison. Praise him because His name alone is excellent. Excellent means exalted. So His name alone is to be exalted above the earth and heavens. So there is going to be an act that will cause His name to be exalted. He is going to compare Himself being exalted with the exaltation of His people. Ps 148:14 He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his saints; [even] of the children of Israel, a people near unto him. Praise ye the LORD.

Notice that everything in heaven and earth is named: The angels, the sun, moon, stars, mountains, creeping things, etc. And then He brings in the final conclusion the praise of His saints. But how are his saints going to bring praise to His name? By the horn of His people being exalted. How is the horn of His people exalted?


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Ps 75:10 All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; [but] the horns of the righteous shall be exalted.

The righteous are going to execute judgment. Horns are a symbol of judgment. The wicked will no longer judge. That is how there horns will be cut off. And instead the judgment of the righteous will stand. Ps 149:9 To execute upon them the judgment written: this honour have all his saints. Praise ye the LORD.

The saints honor is to execute judgment. And by them executing judgment it brings praise to the Lord.Why? Ps 149:6 He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass.

(2 layer) – The psalmist uses as an illustration the created works of God to show that when He commands something it will come to pass. When He establishes something it will stand forever and His decree shall not pass. This is not referring only to His created works, because we know that everything in this earth will be destroyed. But the judgment will stand forever. Once the righteous execute judgment on the wicked, this will fulfill the Word of God, and His decree shall not pass. The psalmist uses 13 verses describing the nature of God's word, what happens when He commands and how He decrees just to hit this point. The saints give praise to God by executing judgment, which fulfills His word. And it will stand forever. Note: Horn also refers to Jesus, but not in this context. It is not pointing to the coming of Jesus. Because He is already declared as the Creator. (study more to make sure) BSM: The fact that this chapter is on praise. It ends with this thought, but when you connect it with Psalms 149:9 executing judgment is a reason to give praise. And horns in Psalms 75 shows that the wicked will be cut off. 148:11 Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth: 148:12 Both young men, and maidens; old men, and children: 148:13 Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent; his glory is above the earth and heaven. 148:14 He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his saints; even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 149 149:1 Praise ye the LORD. Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise in the congregation of saints. 149:2 Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be joyful in their King. 149:3 Let them praise his name in the dance: let them sing praises unto him with the timbrel and harp. 149:4 For the LORD taketh pleasure in his people: he will beautify the meek with salvation. 149:5 Let the saints be joyful in glory: let them sing aloud upon their beds. 149:6 Let the high praises of God be in their mouth, and a twoedged sword in their hand; 149:7 To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and punishments upon the people; 149:8 To bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron; 149:9 To execute upon them the judgment written: this honour have all his saints. Praise ye the LORD.


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Chapter 150 150:1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in the firmament of his power. 150:2 Praise him for his mighty acts: praise him according to his excellent greatness. 150:3 Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp. 150:4 Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. 150:5 Praise him upon the loud cymbals: praise him upon the high sounding cymbals. 150:6 Let every thing that hath breath praise the LORD. Praise ye the LORD.


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Nahum Introduction Nahum means “comforted.” His prophecy is against Assyria. The time he wrote this, the Assyrians were in the hike of their glory. They have conquered Egypt by this time, and had no major opposition anywhere. Assyria being symbol of how God deals with all wicked at the end of time.

Author and Title The book is named after its author, the prophet Nahum of Elkosh. His name means “comfort.” The message given to him by God, that Nineveh would be destroyed, brings comfort to Judah. The location of Elkosh is uncertain, although the date (see below) and the address to Judah (1:15) make it likely that Nahum was from Judah.

Date Nahum refers to the fall of Thebes as a well-known occurrence (3:8–10). The Assyrian king Ashurbanipal took the city in 664/663 b.c. Nahum also predicts the fall of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, as a future event. Nineveh fell to a coalition of Medes and Babylonians in 612 b.c. (see note on 2:3–4). The book was composed, therefore, between 664/663 and 612 b.c. This range can be further narrowed. The book implies that Nineveh (and Assyria) was still at or near the height of its power (cf. 1:12a; 2:11–13; 3:1, 4b) and that Judah was still firmly under Assyrian control (from which the Lord would free them; 1:12b–13, 15; 2:2). Assyria remained at the zenith of its might until 640 b.c., after which it began to weaken, and rapid decline set in after the death of the last great Assyrian emperor, Ashurbanipal (669–627).Further, Josiah, king of Judah (640–609 b.c.), began a religious reformation in the twelfth year of his reign (628/627; cf. 2 Chron. 34:3), about the time that Ashurbanipal died. The extension of Josiah's reforming efforts beyond Judah's borders (2 Chron. 34:6–7) probably indicates that Assyrian control over Judah and neighboring regions had come to an end. Taking these dates into consideration, the book was likely composed after c. 660 b.c. and before 630. Probably written around 640 BC near the end of Manesseh’s reign.

Theme Nineveh, the arrogant capital of the Assyrian Empire, would be destroyed.

Key Themes 1. Nahum proclaims that the Lord is slow to anger and long-suffering, a jealous God (for his own honor, and for his people), wrathful and avenging (against his enemies), the one who controls nations and history, just, righteous, the majestic ruler of nature, good, merciful, gracious, loving, faithful, and the deliverer and protector of those who trust in him. 2. God had used Assyria as his scourge on unfaithful Israel (both northern and southern kingdoms), but he in turn brought well-deserved judgment on Assyria, according to his timetable and method. 3. Nineveh fell not because it was a large, wealthy, Gentile commercial city, but because it was a godless and idolatrous city, a city of violence, lust, and greed.


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4. The Lord of history is a “stronghold” for “those who take refuge in him” (1:7). He can handle any and all problems in their individual lives. He has defeated powers far greater than Assyria. He grants to his own the ultimate deliverance and vindication.

Purpose, Occasion, and Background Nahum was God's messenger to announce the fall of Nineveh and the complete overthrow of Assyria. This coming judgment from the Lord was certain and irrevocable, as was Obadiah's message concerning Edom. Nahum's book is a sequel to, and a dramatic contrast with, the book of Jonah. Jonah's mission to Nineveh was probably sometime in the first half of the eighth century b.c. He was to warn that large city of God's impending judgment because of Nineveh's wickedness. To Jonah's dismay, the Ninevites heeded his message, repented, and were spared God's judgment. This repentance, however, did not last beyond 745 b.c., when Tiglath-pileser III (745–728/727) made his people the leading military power in the Near East. The vast Assyrian Empire was established by bloodshed and massacre, cruelty and torture, destruction, plundering, and exiling such as has seldom been seen in history. After several campaigns, Tiglath-pileser greatly enlarged the territory paying him homage with annexed land and vassal kingdoms, including the northern kingdom of Israel (reduced in size by the Assyrians) and the southern kingdom of Judah. Succeeding rulers maintained and expanded this empire. In 722 b.c. the Assyrians brought to an end the northern kingdom of Israel. Sennacherib (reigned 704–681 b.c.) made Nineveh the capital of his kingdom (c. 700). His energetic building program included a splendid palace, water-supply and water-control projects, and a massive wall to surround the expanded city. Nineveh was destroyed in 612 b.c., never to be restored, marking the end of Assyria. A small remnant of Assyrians did escape the city, fleeing to Haran and making Ashur-uballit II “king of Assyria.” In 610 b.c., though, Haran fell to the Babylonians and their allies. Ashur-uballit retreated, but in 609 b.c., with Egyptian help, he tried to recapture Haran. That attempt failed, and Ashur-uballit and the Assyrians disappeared from history.

Distinctive Features The Near East at the Time of Nahum c. 660–614 b.c. Nahum likely prophesied sometime between the zenith of Assyria's power around 664 b.c. and the fall of Nineveh in 612. During this time the Assyrian Empire was in decline as Egypt, Judah, and Babylonia (with the help of the Medes) regained autonomy and eroded the power of Assyria. Nahum foretold of the fall of Nineveh, the capital of the mighty Assyrian Empire.

History of Salvation Summary Although God had used the Assyrians to chasten the wayward southern kingdom, he did not allow Judah to be annihilated. God's plan, that the Messiah would come from the line of David, would not be thwarted. The religious feasts of Judah, which God encouraged them to keep (1:15), would have reminded them of the future Savior.


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Outline 1. Introduction (1:1) 2. A Psalm Descriptively Praising the Lord (1:2–8) a. The Lord takes vengeance on his guilty adversaries (1:2–3a) b. The Lord rules creation in majesty, and no one can stand before his wrath (1:3b–6) c. The Lord delivers those who take refuge in him (1:7) d. The Lord destroys his adversaries (1:8) 3. The Lord's Coming Judgment on Nineveh and Deliverance of Judah (1:9–15) a. The destruction of wicked, plotting Nineveh (1:9–12a) b. Judah, having been afflicted by the Lord, is freed from Assyrian bondage (1:12b–13) c. The termination of vile, idolatrous Nineveh (1:14) d. Peace and deliverance for Judah (1:15) 4. Focus on Nineveh: The Lord's Coming Judgment (2:1–13) a. The beginning of the attack on Nineveh (2:1) b. Reasons for judgment: the Assyrians' plundering of Judah, though Judah's restoration by God is planned (2:2) c. Attacking soldiers and military action at Nineveh (2:3–5) d. The fall and plundering of Nineveh (2:6–9) e. A taunting song portraying Nineveh's destruction because of the city's lust for conquest (2:10–12) f. The Lord speaks a word of judgment (2:13) 5. Again, Focus on Nineveh: More concerning the Lord's Coming Judgment (3:1–19) a. Reasons for judgment: the violence, lying, and greed of Nineveh (3:1) b. Military action at Nineveh and the ensuing slaughter of the Assyrians (3:2–3) c. Reasons for judgment: the wickedness of Nineveh (3:4) d. The Lord speaks a word of judgment (3:5–7) e. Comparison with the conquest of Thebes (3:8–11) f. A taunting song presenting Nineveh's inevitable destruction because of the city's incessant evil (3:12–19)


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Chapter 1 He wants to end it in a way where wickedness will come up again. 1:1 The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.

At the time he wrote this Assyria was at the height of their glory and they just conquered Egypt and had not major opposition anywhere. 1:2 God is jealous, and the LORD revengeth; the LORD revengeth, and is furious; the LORD will take vengeance on his adversaries, and he reserveth wrath for his enemies.

Refers to the Assyrians. 1:3 The LORD is slow to anger, and great in power, and will not at all acquit the wicked: the LORD hath his way in the whirlwind and in the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet.

Wicked are the Assyrians contextually. They are a symbol of the wicked at the end. 1:4 He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the rivers: Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon languisheth. 1:5 The mountains quake at him, and the hills melt, and the earth is burned at his presence, yea, the world, and all that dwell therein. 1:6 Who can stand before his indignation? and who can abide in the fierceness of his anger? his fury is poured out like fire, and the rocks are thrown down by him.

The answer is given. 1:7 The LORD is good, a strong hold in the day of trouble; and he knoweth them that trust in him.

“trust Him" 1:8 But with an overrunning flood he will make an utter end of the place thereof, and darkness shall pursue his enemies. 1:9 What do ye imagine against the LORD? he will make an utter end: affliction shall not rise up the second time.

Key text Most important text explaining the purpose of the Great Controversy. The purpose of the great controversy. God’s purpose is to end in such a way that there can never be an arising of wickedness again. And if it ended any other way, wouldn’t be good, because it would come back. 1:10 For while they be folden together as thorns, and while they are drunken as drunkards, they shall be devoured as stubble fully dry. 1:11 There is one come out of thee, that imagineth evil against the LORD, a wicked counsellor. 1:12 Thus saith the LORD; Though they be quiet, and likewise many, yet thus shall they be cut down, when he shall pass through. Though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more.


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1:13 For now will I break his yoke from off thee, and will burst thy bonds in sunder. 1:14 And the LORD hath given a commandment concerning thee, that no more of thy name be sown: out of the house of thy gods will I cut off the graven image and the molten image: I will make thy grave; for thou art vile. 1:15 Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy solemn feasts, perform thy vows: for the wicked shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.


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Chapter 2 2:1 He that dasheth in pieces is come up before thy face: keep the munition, watch the way, make thy loins strong, fortify thy power mightily. 2:2 For the LORD hath turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied them out, and marred their vine branches. 2:3 The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet: the chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation, and the fir trees shall be terribly shaken. 2:4 The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings. 2:5 He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be prepared. 2:6 The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be dissolved.

Palace at Ninevah and the crossing of the Euphrates for people to come attack. Referring to palace at Nineveh, and crossing of the Euphraties. 2:7 And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, tabering upon their breasts. 2:8 But Nineveh is of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, shall they cry; but none shall look back. 2:9 Take ye the spoil of silver, take the spoil of gold: for there is none end of the store and glory out of all the pleasant furniture. 2:10 She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.

Empty void 2:11 Where is the dwelling of the lions, and the feedingplace of the young lions, where the lion, even the old lion, walked, and the lion's whelp, and none made them afraid? 2:12 The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin.

This is the king of Assyria being described as a lion who tore apart other nations to feed his whelps and bring back goods for their wives. All their soldiers would die. 2:13 Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young lions: and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard.


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Chapter 3 3:1 Woe to the bloody city! it is all full of lies and robbery; the prey departeth not;

Ninevah 3:2 The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of the jumping chariots. 3:3 The horseman lifteth up both the bright sword and the glittering spear: and there is a multitude of slain, and a great number of carcases; and there is none end of their corpses; they stumble upon their corpses: 3:4 Because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the wellfavoured harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations through her whoredoms, and families through her witchcrafts. 3:5 Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts; and I will discover thy skirts upon thy face, and I will shew the nations thy nakedness, and the kingdoms thy shame. 3:6 And I will cast abominable filth upon thee, and make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazingstock. 3:7 And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid waste: who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee? 3:8 Art thou better than populous No, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was from the sea?

Timing of Nahum “No” was a city in Egypt that they conquered. 3:9 Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. 3:10 Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains.

This happened to No, are you better? 3:11 Thou also shalt be drunken: thou shalt be hid, thou also shalt seek strength because of the enemy. 3:12 All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with the firstripe figs: if they be shaken, they shall even fall into the mouth of the eater. 3:13 Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women: the gates of thy land shall be set wide open unto thine enemies: the fire shall devour thy bars. 3:14 Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy strong holds: go into clay, and tread the morter, make strong the brickkiln. 3:15 There shall the fire devour thee; the sword shall cut thee off, it shall eat thee up like the cankerworm: make thyself many as the cankerworm, make thyself many as the locusts.


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3:16 Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and flieth away. 3:17 Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy captains as the great grasshoppers, which camp in the hedges in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are. 3:18 Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell in the dust: thy people is scattered upon the mountains, and no man gathereth them. 3:19 There is no healing of thy bruise; thy wound is grievous: all that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands over thee: for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?

Thy Assyrian empire will never revive or come back. (*PO shows validity of the Bible.) He gave this message during a time when Israel was in great apostasy and when Assyria was in their prime, and it seemed crazy to give this prophecy when Judah was so wicked.


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Middle Old Testament History

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