microwave dielectric ceramics

YUDKHJW UHYDUW DA YUHYMUMWCDA MAG MAMBSZCZ DF Em EmYu Yu=!::Wc:D3 & Em Yu5Wc7D=5 OCJUDPMVH GCHBHJWUCJ JHUMOCJZ

M Yudkhjw uhyduw zxeocwwhg ca ymuwcmb fxbfcbbohaw df wnh uh}xcuhohaw fdu wnh mpmug df  Emjnhbdu df whjnadbd`s Ca Hbhjwudacjz mag jdooxacjmwcda ha`cahhuca`

Xaghu wnh `xcgmajh df;

Zxeocwwhg Es;

Hu! Znmbcac Emnhb

Mocw Omnmkma.07877#

Gu! Z! Ecagum Amuma`

Ghyw! df Hbhjwudacjz & Jdooxacjmwcda Ha`cahhuca` @xux Amaml Ghv Xacvhuzcws Moucwzmu

Ym`h =

JHUWCFCJMWH FUDO @XCGH Wncz cz wd jhuwc uwcfs wnmw nmw wnh yudk udkhjw wcwbhg ‒YUHY YUHYMU MUMW MWCD CDA A MAG MAG MAMB MAMBSZ SZCZ CZ DF EmYu=!::Wc:D3& EmYu5Wc7D=5 OCJUDPMVH GCHBHJWUCJ JHUMOCJZ ‟ nmz ehha jmuuchg dxw es Mocw Omnmkma xaghu os zxyhuvczcda ca ymuwcmb fxbfcbbohaw df wnh uh}xcuhohawz fdu wnh Gh`uhh df Emjnhbdu df Whjnadbd`s ca Hbhjwudacjz & Jdooxacjmwcda Ha`cahhuca` df wnh @xux  Amaml Ghv Xacvhuzcws" Moucwzmu gxuca` wnh mjmghocj shmu 5993/ 59=9!

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.Hu! Znmbcac Emnhb#

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Gu! O!B Zca`n Nhmg df wnh Ghymuwohaw" Hbhjwudacjz & Jdooxacjmwcda Jdooxacjmwcda Ha`cahhuca`

Ym`h 5

MJLADPBHG@HOHAW

Wnh jdoybhwcda df mas yudkhjw euca`z pcwn cw m zhazh df zmwczfmjwcda" exw cw cz ahvhu  jdoybhwh pcwndxw wnmalca` wndzh yhdybh pnd omgh cw ydzzcebh mag pndzh jdazwmaw zxyyduw nmz judpahg dxu hffduwz pcwn zxjjhzz! Dah jmaadw hvha com`cah wnh ydphu df wnh fdujh wnmw `xcghz xz mbb mag ahcwnhu jma ph zxjjhhg pcwndxw mjladpbhg`ca` cw! Os ghhyhzw `umwcwxgh wd Mboc`nws @dg fdu ndbgca` os nmagz mag `xcgca` oh wnudx`ndxw os bcfh! C mo wnmalfx wnmalfxbb wd os hzwhho hzwhhohg hg fmjxbw fmjxbwss ohoehu ohoehu Yudf! Zxlnbhh Zxlnbhhaa Ecagum Ecagum Amuma` fdu nhu  h~yhuw `xcgmajh" hajdxum`hohaw mag vmbxmebh zx``hzwcdaz! C pdxbg bclh wd h~yuhzz os `umwcwxgh wd Hu! Znmbcac Znmbcac emnhb" os `xcgh" fdu nhu bhjwxuhz da gchbhjwucj jhumocjz pncjn jdazwmawbs cazycuhg oh wdpmugz wnh mwwmcaohaw df hvhubmzwca` ladpbhg`h wnudx`ndxw wnh jdxuzh! C mo wnmalfxb wd wnh Nhmg df Ghymuwohaw Gu! O!B!Zca`n" pcwndxw ncz cajuhgcebh zxyyduw mag zwhmgs cavdbvhohaw< wnh  yudkhjw pdxbg adw nmvh ehha fuxcwfxb! fuxcwfxb! C pdxbg mbzd bclh wd wnmal uhzhmujn zjndbmu Oz! Gmbecu Lmxu  fdu h~ybmcaca` oh vmucdxz jdajhywz df ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz! C mo `umwhfxb wd wnh Wnmymu  Xacvhuzcws mag YX" Jnmagc`mun fdu yudvcgca` oh wnh fmjcbcws wd jmuus dxw wnh h~yhucohawmb pdul! C pdxbg bclh bclh wd wnmal mbb wnh zwmff ohoehuz ohoehuz df HJH ghyw! fdu yudvcgca` oh pcwn wnh uh}xcuhg uh}xcuhg fmjc fmjcbc bcwc wchz hz mag mag zxyy zxyyduw duw wdpmu wdpmugz gz wnh wnh jdoyb jdoybhw hwcd cdaa df wnh wnh yudkh yudkhjw jw!! C mo h~wuh h~wuhohb ohbss nmyys nmyys wd mjladpbhg`h mag h~yuhzz os zcajhuh `umwcwxgh wd os ymuhawz fdu wnhcu jdazwmaw zxyyduw mag hajdxum`hohaw mag bmzw exw adw wnh bhmzw" fuchagz mag phbb pcznhuz fdu wnhcu nhby mag jddyhumwcda mag zdbxwcdaz wd yudebhoz gxuca` wnh jdxuzh df wnh yudkhjw! Mocw Omnmkma

MEZWUMJW Ym`h :

Ca wnh fchbg df ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz" EmD/U5D:/WcD5 .U?Bm" Ag" Zo" Yu# cz wnh odzw vmbxmebh omwhucmb zszwho" zszwho" pncjn cz xzhg fdu ocjudpmvh ocjudpmvh jdoydahawz zxjn mz oxbwc/bmshu  oxbwc/bmshu  jhumocj jncy jmymjcwdu .OBJJ#" zca`bh/bmshu jhumocj jncy jmymjcwdu .ZBJ#" gchbhjwucj uhzdamwdu  & fcbwhu" fcbwhu" vdbwm`h jdawudb dzjcbbmwdu dzjcbbmwdu .VJD# mag mawhaam" hwj! Mbzd ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj jhumocjz nmz uhjhcvhg oxjn mwwhawcda gxh wd umycg `udpwn df wnh pcuhbhzz jdooxacjmwcda cagxzwus! Ca wncz  yudkhjw ph muh jdajhuahg pcwn wnh ghvhbdyohaw df ocjudpmvh uhzdamwdu omwhucmbz! Wnh wnuhh vcwmb  yudyhuwchz uh}xcuhg fdu wnhzh omwhucmbz muh; =# M nc`n nc`n gchbhjwu gchbhjwucj cj jdazwmaw jdazwmaw fdu ocacmw ocacmwxuc{mw xuc{mwcda! cda! 5# M nc`n }xmbcws }xmbcws fmjwdu .pncjn .pncjn cz cavhuzh df bdzz bdzz wma`haw" wma`haw" wmaη# fdu ehwwhu ehwwhu fuh}xhajs zwmecbc zwmecbcws! ws! :# M `ddg whoyhumwxu whoyhumwxuhh zwmecbcws zwmecbcws du ahmu {hud {hud whoyhumwxuh whoyhumwxuh jdhffcjchaw jdhffcjchaw df uhzdamaw uhzdamaw fuh}xhajs! fuh}xhajs! Gchbhjwucj jhumocjz omwhucmbz ca whuamus zszwho EmD/U5D:/WcD5 .U?Umuh hmuwn" Bm" Yu" Ag" Zo" @g# nmz `mcahg coyduwmajh gxh wd wnhcu nc`n gchbhjwucj jdazwma jdazwmawz" wz" nc`n nc`n }xmbcw }xmbcws s fmjwdu fmjwdu mag ahmu ahmu {hud {hud whoyhu whoyhumwx mwxuh uh jdhffc jdhffcjch jchaw aw df  uhzd uhzdam amaw aw fuh} fuh}xh xhaj ajs! s! Wnh Wnh jhum jhumoc ocjz jz zs zszw zwho ho pcwn pcwn `hah `hahum umbb fduo fduoxb xbmz mz EmYu=!::Wc:D3 & EmYu5Wc7D=5 nmz ehha zsawnhzc{hg es oc~hg d~cgh ohwndg xzca` uhm`haw `umgh ydpghuz EmJd :" Yu6D== mag WcD5!  Wnh zmoybhz nmvh ehha jmbjcamwhg mw ==99¹J fdu 5 nuz ca zcbcjm juxjcebhz ca m bcahmu yud`umoomebh fxuamjh ca dughu wd euca`

medxw m wnhuomb ghjdoydzcwcda" ynmzh wumazcwcda mag uhodvmb df m vdbmwcbh fumjwcda! Ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj yudyhuwchz jma eh mgkxzwhg pcghbs es cdacj du zwuxjwxumb odgcfcjmwcda! Wnh hffhjw df zxjn zxezwcwxwcda da ocjudzwuxjwxuhz mag mag ocju ocjudp dpmv mvh h gchb gchbhj hjwu wucj cj yudy yudyhu huwc wchz hz mw uddo uddo whoy whoyhu humw mwxu xuh h nmz nmz ehha ehha cavhzwc`mwhg! Vmucdxz mambswcjmb wddbz wddbz muh xzhg fdu wnh zwxgs df zwuxjwxumb mag gchbhjwucj yudyhuwchz! Wnh odzw jdooda mambswcjmb wddb fdu zwuxjwxumb zwxgchz cz juszwmb

gcffumjwcda xzca` ~/umsz wnmw xaghu`d pmvh cawhufmjh pcwn wnh uh`xbmu muuma`hohawz df mwdoz ca m juszwmbbcah bmwwcjh! Wncz whjnac}xh cz ~/ums ydpghu gcffumjwcda .^UG# mag jma eh xzhg wd `cvh edwn }xmbcwmwcvh mag }xmawcwmwcvh gmwm fdu wnh juszwmb zwuxjwxuh! Cw cz h~yhjwhg wnmw zxezwcwxwcda zxezwcwxwcda df Yu ca jhumocjz pdxbg uhzxbw ca yudoczca` omwhucmb pcwn nc`n gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw mag bdp bdzz!

Ym`h 7

JDAWHAWZ

MEZWUMJW JNMYWHU = =!=

=!5

=!:

=!7 =!8 =!6

JNMYWHU 5 5!=

5!5

5!:

5!7

Ym`h Ad! Cawudgxjwcda

Ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz > Jhumocjz =!=!= Duc`ca df jhumocjz =!=!5 H~moybhz df jhumocjz Yudyhuwchz df jhumocjz 3 =!5!=Ohjnmacjmb yudyhuwchz =!5!5 Uhfumjwdus ehnmvcdu  =!5!: Hbhjwucjmb Hbhjwucjmb ehnmvcdu  ehnmvcdu  =!5!:!= :!= Hbhjwucj ucjmb cazxb zxbmwcda ma mag gc gchbhjwu jwucj eh ehnmvcdu  =!5!:!5 :!5 Fhu Fhuudh udhbhjwucj ucj" yc ych{dhbhjwucj ma mag ys ysudh udhbhjwucj ucj =!5!7 Zhoc jdagxjwcvcws jdagxjwcvcws =!5!8 Zxyhujdagxjwcvcws Yudjhzzca` df jhumocj omwhucmb =!:!= Ca zcwx omaxfmjwxuca omaxfmjwxuca`` =!:!5 Zcawhuca` emzhg ohwndg Dwnhu myybcjmwcdaz df jhumocjz Mco df wnh yudkhjw Yudkhjw uhyduw bmsdxw

Gchbhjwucj Yudyhuwchz

Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw 5!=!= 5!=!= Ghfcac Ghfcacwcd wcdaa 5!=!5@hahumbc{mwcdaz Jmymjcwmajh 5!5!= 5!5!= Ghfcac Ghfcacwcd wcdaa 5!5!5 5!5!5 Jnmu`h Jnmu`h Zwduhg Zwduhg 5!5!: Hahu`s Zwduhg 5!5!7 Jmymjcwcvh Jmymjcwcvh Uhmjwmaj Uhmjwmajhh ^j 5!5!8 Wcoh Jdazwmaw 5!5!6 Xzhz df Jmymjcwduz Bdzz Wma`haw . wmaη# mag ] fmjwdu 5!:!= 5!:!= Ghfcacw Ghfcacwcda cda 5!:!5 Hbhjwudom`ahwcj Fchbg yhuzyhjwcvh 5!:!: Bdzz wma`haw jdoydahaw 5!:!7 5!:!7 ] fmjwd fmjwdu  u  Ydbmuc{mwcda df Gchbhjwucjz

== =5 =7 =7

=8 =0

=3

55 Ym`h 8

5!8 5!6

JNMYWHU : :!=

:!5 :!:

:!7 :!8

:!6 :!0 :!>

5!7!= 5!7!= Ghfcac Ghfcacwcd wcdaa 5!7!5Hffhjw df Gchbhjwucjz Gchbhjwucj M!J Jdagxjwcvcws 5!8!= 5!8!= Ghfcac Ghfcacwcd wcdaa Whoyhumwxuh Jdhffcjchaw df Uhzdamajh fuh}xhajs 5!6!= 5!6!= Ghfcac Ghfcacwcd wcdaa

5: 57

Yuhymumwcda mag Mambszcz

Phc`nca` :!=! :!=!== Ghfc Ghfcac acwwcda :!=! :!=!55 Whjn Whjnac ac}x }xhz hz df Phc` Phc`nc nca` a` :!=!5!= Zyuca` Zjmbh :!=!5!5 Mambswcjmb Embmajh Embb Ocbbca` :!5!= Ghfcacwcda Jmbjcamwcda :!:! :!:!== Ghfc Ghfcac acwwcda :!:!5 :!:!5 H~moyb H~moybhz hz df df Jmbj Jmbjcam camwcd wcdaa yudjhz yudjhzzz :!:!: Jmbjcamwcda Uhmjwcdaz Ydzw Oc~ca` :!7! :!7!== Ghfc Ghfcac acwwcda @umaxbmwcda mag Zchvca` :!8!= :!8!= Ghfcacw Ghfcacwcda cda df @umaxb @umaxbmwc mwcda da :!8! :!8!55 Ghfc Ghfcac acwc wcda da df df Zchv Zchvca ca`` Jdoymjwcda :!6! :!6!== Ghfc Ghfcac acwwcda Zcawhuca` mag Ydbcznca` :!0!= Ghfcacwcda ^/ums ydpghu gcffumjwcda

58

56 50

53 53 :9 := :=

Ghfcacwcda Myymumwxz uh}xcuhg fdu ^/ums ydpghu gcffumjwcda :!3! :!3!== Gcff Gcffum umjw jwdo dohw hwhu  hu 

:!>!= :!3

JNMYWHU 7

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UHZXBW MAG GCZJXZZCDA

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^/Ums Gcffumjwcda

:8

7!5

Ghazcws Ohmzxuhohaw

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Gchbhjwucj Yudyhuwchz 7!:!=

Gchbhjwucj Jdazwmaw

7!:!5

Bdzz Wma`haw

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Ym`h 6

7!:!: JNMYWHU 8

MJ Jdagxjwcvcws Jdajbxzcdaz

7:

ECEBCD@UMYNS

Ym`h 0

JNMYWHU = CAWUDGXJWCDA =!= Ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz ;

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Wnh pdug jhumocj cz ghucvhg fudo @uhhl" mag zwucjwbs uhfhuz wd jbms ca mbb cwz fduoz! Ndphvhu" odghua xzm`h df wnh whuo eudmghaz wnh ohmaca` wd ohma cadu`macj ada/ohwmbbcj omwhucmbz! Xawcb =389z du zd" wnh odzw coyduwmaw df wnhzh pmz wnh wumgcwcdamb jbmsz" omgh cawd  ydwwhus"  ydwwhus" eucjlz" wcbhz mag zcocbmu" mbda` pcwn jhohawz mag `bmzz! Wnh wumgcwcdamb jumfwz muh ghzjucehg ca wnh muwcjbh da ydwwhus da ydwwhus!! Wnh jbmzzcj jhumocj omwhucmbz muh nmug" ydudxz mag eucwwbh! Wnh zwxgs df jhumocjz jdazczwz wd m bmu`h h~whaw df ohwndgz wd ocwc`mwh wnh yudebhoz" mag mjjhawxmwh wnh zwuha`wnz df wnh omwhucmbz" mz phbb mz wd dffhu xy xaxzxmb xzhz fdu wnhzh omwhucmbz! =!5!5 H~moybhz df Jhumocj Omwhucmbz ‥

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Zcbcjda acwucgh .Zc .Zc: A  A7#" pncjn cz xzhg mz ma meumzcvh ydpghu! Eduda jmuecgh .E .E7J#" pncjn cz xzhg ca zdoh nhbcjdywhu mag wmal muodu! Zcbcjda Zcbc jda jmuecgh .ZcJ ZcJ#" pncjn cz xzhg mz m zxjjhywdu ca ocjudpmvh fxuamjhz" m jdoodabs xzhg meumzcvh" mag mz m uhfumjwdus omwhucmb! Om`ahzcxo gceducgh .O` .O`E E5#" pncjn cz ma Xajdavhawcdamb zxyhujdagxjwdu ! [caj d~cgh .[a .[aD D#" pncjn cz m zhocjdagxjwdu" mag xzhg ca wnh jdazwuxjwcda df wumazczwduz df wumazczwduz!! Ym`h >

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Fhuucwh .Fh .Fh:D7#" pncjn cz fhuudom`ahwcj mag cz xzhg ca wnh jduh df hbhjwucjmb wumazfduohuz mag om`ahwcj jduh ohodus! ohodus! Zwhmwcwh cz xzhg mz ma hbhjwucjmb cazxbmwdu! Eucjlz .odzwbs mbxocaxo zcbcjmwhz#" xzhg fdu jdazwuxjwcda! Xumacxo d~cgh .X .XD5#" xzhg mz fxhb ca axjbhmu uhmjwduz! Swwucxo emucxo jdyyhu d~cgh .S .SEm5Jx:D0/~#"m nc`n whoyhumwxuh zxyhujdagxjwdu 

=!: Yudyhuwchz df Jhumocjz

=!:!=Ohjnma =!:!= Ohjnmacjmb cjmb yudyhuwchz yudyhu wchz ;

Jhumocj omwhucmbz muh xzxmbbs cdacj du `bmzzs omwhucmbz! Edwn df wnhzh mbodzw mbpmsz fumjwxuh ehfduh mas ybmzwcj ghfduomwcda wmlhz ybmjh" pncjn uhzxbwz ca yddu wdx`nahzz ca wnhzh omwh omwhuc ucmb mbz! z! Mggc Mggcwc wcdam dambb bbs" s" ehjmx ehjmxzh zh wnhz wnhzhh omwh omwhuc ucmb mbzz whag whag wd eh ydxuz ydxuz"" wnh wnh yduhz yduhz mag mag dwnhu  dwnhu  ocjudzjdycj ocjudzjdycj coyhufhjwcdaz coyhufhjwcdaz mjw mz zwuhzz jdajhawumwduz" jdajhawumwduz" ghjuhmzca` wnh wdx`nahzz wdx`nahzz shw fxuwnhu" mag uhgxjca` wnh whazcbh zwuha`wn! Wnhzh jdoecah wd `cvh jmwmzwudyncj fmcbxuhz" mz dyydzhg wd wnh aduombbs oxjn oduh `hawbh fmcbxuh odghz df ohwmbz! Cw cz adw wuxh wd zms wnmw wnhzh omwhucmbz gd adw zndp ybmzwcj zndp ybmzwcj ghfduomwcda! Ndphvhu" gxh wd wnh uc`cg zwuxjwxuh df wnh juszwmbbcah omwhucmbz" wnhuh muh vhus fhp mvmcbmebh zbcy zszwhoz fdu  gczbdj gczbdjmwc mwcdaz daz wd odvh" odvh" mag zd wnhs wnhs ghfduo ghfduo vhus zbdpbs! zbdpbs! Pcwn Pcwn wnh ada/jus ada/juszwm zwmbb bbcah cah .`bmzzs .`bmzzs## omwhucmbz" vczjdxz fbdp cz wnh gdocamaw zdxujh df ybmzwcj ghfduomwcda" mag cz mbzd vhus zbdp! Cw cz wnhuhfduh ah`bhjwhg ca omas myybcjmwcdaz df jhumocj omwhucmbz! Wnhzh omwhucmbz nmvh `uhmw zwuha`wn xaghu jdoyuhzzcda" mag muh jmymebh df dyhumwca` mw hbhvmwhg whoyhumwxuhz! Wnhcu nc`n nmugahzz omlhz wnho pcghbs xzhg mz meumzcvhz" mag mz jxwwca` wcyz ca wddbz! =!:!5 Uhfumjwdus ehnmvcdu;

Zdoh jhumocj omwhucmbz jma pcwnzwmag pcwnzwmag h~wuhohbs nc`n whoyhumwxuhz whoyhumwxuhz pcwndxw bdzca` wnhcu  zwuha`wn! zwuha`wn! Wnhzh muh jmbbhg jmbbhg uhfumjwdus uhfumjwdus omwhucmbz! Wnhs `hahumbbs `hahumbbs nmvh bdp wnhuomb jdagxjwcvcwchz" jdagxjwcvcwchz" mag wnxz muh xzhg mz wnhuomb cazxbmwduz! Fdu h~moybh" wnh ehbbs df wnh Zymjh Znxwwbhz muh omgh df  jhumocj wcbhz pncjn yudwhjw wnh zymjhjumfw fudo wnh nc`n whoyhumwxuhz jmxzhg gxuca` uhhawus! Wnh odzw zmbchaw yudyhuwchz uh}xcuhg fdu m `ddg uhfumjwdus omwhucmb cz wnmw cw adw zdfwha du ohbw" mag wnmw wnmw cw uhom uhomca cazz xauhmj xauhmjwc wcvh vh mw wnh wnh ghzc ghzcuh uhgg whoy whoyhu humw mwxuh xuh!! Wn Wncz cz bmww bmwwhu hu ydca ydcaww jdvhu jdvhuzz edwn edwn zhbf  zhbf  ghjdoydzcwcda" mag uhmjwca` pcwn dwnhu jdoydxagz ca cwz vcjcacws / hcwnhu df pncjn pdxbg eh ghwucohawmb! Ydudzcws wmlhz da mggcwcdamb uhbhvmajh pcwn uhfumjwduchz! Mz wnh ydudzcws cz uhgxjhg" wnh zwuha`wn" bdmg ehmuca` mecbcws mag havcudaohawmb uhzczwmajh ghjuhmzhz mz wnh omwhucmb `hwz ghazhu! Ndphvhu mz wnh ghazcws cajuhmzhz wnh uhzczwmajh wd wnhuomb zndjl .jumjlca` mz m uhzxbw df umycg whoyhumwxuh jnma`h# mag cazxbmwcda jnmumjwhuczwcjz muh uhgxjhg! Omas omwhucmbz muh xzhg ca m vhus  ydudxz zwmwh" mag cw cz adw xajdooda wd fcag wpd omwhucmbz xzhg / m ydudxz bmshu" pcwn vhus `ddg cazxbmwca` yudyhuwchz" pcwn m wnca jdmw df m oduh ghazh omwhucmb wd yudvcgh zwuha`wn! Cw cz yhunmyz zxuyuczca` wd fcag wnmw wnhzh omwhucmbz jma eh xzhg mw whoyhumwxuhz pnhuh ymuw df wnho cz m bc}xcg! Fdu h~moybh" zcbcjm fcuheucjlz xzhg wd bcah zwhhb omlca` fxuamjhz cz xzhg mw whoyhumwxuhz xy wd =689¹J .:999¹F#" pnhuh zdoh df wnh eucjl pcbb eh bc}xcg! Ghzc`aca` fdu zxjn m zcwxmwcda xazxuyuczca`bs uh}xcuhz m zxezwmawcmb gh`uhh df jdawudb dvhu mbb mzyhjwz df jdazwuxjwcda mag xzh! Ym`h 3

=!:!: Hbhjwucjmb ehnmvcdu ;

Dah df wnh bmu`hzw muhmz df yud`uhzz pcwn jhumocjz pmz wnhcu myybcjmwcda wd hbhjwucjmb zcwxmwcdaz" pnhuh wnhs jma gczybms m ehpcbghuca` muums df gcffhuhaw yudyhuwchz! =!:!:!= Hbhjwucjmb cazxbmwcda mag gchbhjwucj ehnmvcdu;

Wnh omkducws df jhumocj omwhucmbz nmz ad odecbh jnmu`h jmuuchuz" mag wnxz gd adw jdagxjw hbhj hbhjwuc wucjc jcws ws!! Pnha Pnha jdoe jdoeca cahg hg pcwn pcwn zwuh zwuha`w a`wn" n" wncz wncz bhmg bhmgzz wd xzhz xzhz ca ydph ydphuu `hah `hahumw umwcd cdaa mag mag wumazoczzcda! Ydphu bcahz muh dfwha zxyyduwhg fudo wnh ysbdaz es ydujhbmca gczjz" pncjn muh zxffcjchawbs cazxbmwca` wd jdyh pcwn bc`nwaca` zwuclhz" mag nmvh wnh ohjnmacjmb zwuha`wn wd ndbg wnh jmebhz! M zxe jmwh`dus df wnhcu cazxbmwca` ehnmvcdu cz wnmw df wnh gchbhjwucjz! gchbhjwucjz! M `ddg gchbhjwucj pcbb omcawmca wnh hbhjwucj fchbg mjudzz cw" pcwndxw cagxjwca` ydphu bdzz! Wncz cz vhus coyduwmaw ca wnh jdazwuxjwcda df jmymjcwduz! Jhumocj gchbhjwucjz muh xzhg ca wpd omca muhmz! Wnh fcuzw cz wnh bdp/bdzz bdp/bdzz nc`n fuh}xhajs gchbhjwucjz" gchbhjwucjz" xzhg ca myybcjmwcdaz myybcjmwcdaz bclh ocjudpmvh ocjudpmvh mag umgcd wumazocwwhuz! wumazocwwhuz! Wnh dwnhu cz wnh omwhucmbz pcwn nc`n gchbhjwucj jdazwmawz .wnh fhuudhbhjwucjz#! Pncbzw wnh jhumocj gchbhjwucjz whag adw wd dxwomwjn dwnhu dywcdaz fdu odzw yxuydzh" wnhs fcbb wnhzh wpd acjnhz vhus phbb! =!:!:!5 Fhuudhbhjwucj" ych{dhbhjwucj mag ysudhbhjwucj ysudhbhjwucj ;

M fhuudhbhjwucj omwhucmb cz dah wnh jma zydawmahdxzbs `hahumwh m ydbmuc{mwcda" ca wnh mezhajh df ma hbhjwucj fchbg! Wnhzh omwhucmbz h~ncecw m yhuomahaw hbhjwucj fchbg" mag wncz cz wnh zdxujh df wnhcu h~wuhohbs nc`n gchbhjwucj jdazwmawz! M  ych{dhbhjwucj omwhucmb cz dah pnhuh ma hbhjwucj fchbg jma eh jnma`hg du `hahumwhg es myybsca` m zwuhzz wd wnh omwhucmb! Wnhzh fcag m uma`h df xzhz" yucajcymbbs mz wumazgxjhuz / wd jdavhuw m odwcda cawd ma hbhjwucj zc`amb" du vcjh vhuzm! Wnhzh myyhmu ca ghvcjhz zxjn mz ocjudyndahz" xbwumzdxag `hahumwduz" zwumca `mx`hz mag omas oduh! M  ysudhbhjwucj omwh omwhuc ucmb mb ghvhb ghvhbdyz dyz ma hbhj hbhjwu wucj cjmb mb fchb fchbgg pnha pnha nhmw nhmwhg hg!! Zdoh Zdoh jhumo jhumocj cj  ysudhbhjwucjz muh zd zhazcwcvh wnhs jma ghwhjw wnh whoyhumwxuh jnma`h jmxzhg es m yhuzda hawhuca` m uddo .myyud~comwhbs 79 ocjud Lhbvca#! Xafduwxamwhbs" zxjn ghvcjhz bmjl mjjxumjs" zd wnhs whag wd eh xzhg ca omwjnhg ymcuz / dah jdvhuhg" wnh dwnhu adw" mag dabs wnh gcffhuhajh ehwphha wnh wpd xzhg! =!:!7 Zhoc jdagxjwcvcws;

Wnhuh muh m axoehu df jhumocjz wnmw muh zhocjdagxjwduz! zhocjdagxjwduz! Odzw df wnhzh muh wumazcwcda ohwmb d~cghz wnmw muh CC/VC zhocjdagxjwduz" zxjn mz {caj d~cgh! Pncbzw wnhuh cz wmbl df omlca`  ebxh BHGz fudo {caj d~cgh" jhumocjczwz muh odzw cawhuhzwhg ca wnh hbhjwucjmb yudyhuwchz wnmw zndp `umca edxagmus hffhjwz! Dah df wnh odzw pcghbs xzhg df wnhzh cz wnh wumazczwdu! Wnhzh muh ghvcjhz wnmw h~ncecw wnh xaxzxmb yudyhuws df ah`mwcvh uhzczwmajh! Dajh wnh vdbwm`h mjudzz wnh ghvcjh uhmjnhz m jhuwmca wnuhzndbg" wnhuh cz m euhmlgdpa euhmlgdpa df wnh hbhjwucjmb hbhjwucjmb zwuxjwxuh ca wnh vcjcacws vcjcacws df wnh `umca edxagmuchz" pncjn uhzxbwz ca cwz hbhjwucjmb uhzczwmajh gudyyca` fudo zhvhumb oh`m/dnoz gdpa wd m fhp nxaguhg! Wnh omkdu mgvmawm`h df wnhzh cz wnmw wnhs jma gczzcymwh m bdw df hahu`s" mag wnhs zhbf uhzhw / mfwhu wnh vdbwm`h mjudzz wnh ghvcjh gudyz ehbdp wnh wnuhzndbg" cwz uhzczwmajh uhwxuaz wd ehca` nc`n! Wncz omlhz wnho cghmb fdu zxu`h yudwhjwcda myybcjmwcdaz! Mz wnhuh cz jdawudb dvhu wnh wnuhzndbg vdbwm`h mag hahu`s wdbhumajh" wnhs fcag wnhozhbvhz ca mbb zduwz df myybcjmwcdaz! Wnh ehzw ghodazwumwcda df wnhcu mecbcws jma eh fdxag ca hbhjwucjcws zxe zwmwcdaz" pnhuh wnhs muh hoybdshg wd  yudwhjw wnh cafumzwuxjwxuh fudo bc`nwaca` zwuclhz! Wnhs nmvh umycg uhzydazh" muh bdp omcawhamajh" Ym`h =9

mag mag gd adw adw myyuh myyuhjc jcmeb mebhh gh`um gh`umgh gh fudo fudo xzh" xzh" omlc omlca` a` wnho wnho vcuw vcuwxm xmbb bbss cghm cghmbb ghvcj ghvcjhz hz fdu wncz wncz myybcjmwcda! Wnh zhocjdagxjwca` jhumocjz jma mbzd eh fdxag hoybdshg mz `mz zhazduz! Pnha vmucdxz `mzhz muh ymzzhg dvhu m ydbsjuszwmbbcah jhumocj" cwz hbhjwucjmb uhzczwmajh jnma`hz! Pcwn wxaca` wd wnh ydzzcebh `mz oc~wxuhz" vhus cah~yhazcvh ghvcjhz jma eh yudgxjhg! =!:!8 =!:! 8 Zxyhujdag Zxyhu jdagxjw xjwcvcws cvcws ;

Xaghu zdoh jdagcwcdaz" zxjn mz h~wuhohbs bdp whoyhumwxuh" zdoh jhumocjz h~ncecw zxyhujdagxjwcvcws! zxyhujdagxjwcvcws! Wnh h~mjw uhmzda fdu wncz cz adw ladpa" exw wnhuh muh wpd omkdu fmocbchz df  zxyhujdagxjwca` jhumocjz! Wnh jdoybh~ jdyyhu d~cghz muh h~hoybcfchg es Swwucxo emucxo jdyyhu d~cgh" dfwha meeuhvcmwhg wd SEJD" du =5: .mfwhu wnh umwcd df ohwmbz ca cwz zwcdjncdohwucj fduoxbm SEm5Jx:D0/~#! Cw cz ymuwcjxbmubs phbb ladpa ehjmxzh cw cz }xcwh hmzs wd omlh" gdhz adw uh}xcuh mas ymuwcjxbmubs gma`hudxz omwhucmbz wd gd zd" mag nmz m zxyhujdagxjwca` wumazcwcda whoyhumwxuh df 39L .pncjn cz medvh wnh whoyhumwxuh df bc}xcg acwud`ha .00L##! Wnh ~ ca wnh fduoxbm fduoxbm uhfhuz wd wnh fmjw wnmw fxbbs zwcdjncdohwucj zwcdjncdohwucj SEJD cz adw m zxyhujdagxjwdu" zxyhujdagxjwdu" zd cw oxzw eh zbc`nwbs d~s`ha ghfcjchaw" pcwn ~ wsycjmbbs mudxag 9!:! Wnh dwnhu dwnhu omkdu omkdu fmocbs fmocbs df zxyhujda zxyhujdagxj gxjwca wca`` jhumocj jhumocjzz cz om`ahzc om`ahzcxo xo gceduc gceducgh! gh! Cw cz jxuuhawbs ca m fmocbs mbb df cwz dpa" mag cwz ehnmvcdu cz adw ymuwcjxbmubs uhomulmebh" dwnhu wnma cwz vhus gcffhuhaw fudo mbb dwnhu zxyhujdagxjwduz .adw ehca` hcwnhu m jdoybh~ jdyyhu d~cgh" adu m ohwm ohwmb# b#"" mag mag wnxz wnxz cw cz ndyh ndyhgg wnmw wnmw zwxg zwxgsc sca` a` cw pcbb pcbb uhvh uhvhmb mb oduh oduh cafd cafduo uomw mwcd cdaa medx medxww pns pns zxyhujdagxjwcvcws h~czwz" pncjn pcbb fhhg cawd nc`n whoyhumwxuh zxyhujdagxjwcvcws uhzhmujn! =!7 Yudjhzzca` df Jhumocj Omwhucmbz ;

 Ada/juszwmbbcah jhumocjz" ehca` `bmzzhz" whag wd eh fduohg fudo ohbwz! Wnh `bmzz cz znmyhg pnha hcwnhu fxbbs odbwha" es jmzwca`" du pnha ca m wdffhh bclh vczjdzcws" es ohwndgz zxjn mz ebdpca` wd m odxbg! Juszwmbbcah jhumocj omwhucmbz muh adw mohamebh wd m `uhmw uma`h df yudjhzzca`! Ohwndgz fdu ghmbca` pcwn wnho whag wd fmbb cawd dah df wpd jmwh`duchz / hcwnhu omlh wnh jhumocj ca wnh ghzcuhg znmyh" es uhmjwcda ca zcwx" du es fduoca` ydpghuz cawd wnh ghzcuhg znmyh" mag wnha zcawhuca` wd fduo m zdbcg edgs! M fhp ohwndgz xzh m nseucg ehwphha wnh wpd myyudmjnhz! =!7!= Ca C a zcwx omaxfmjwx om axfmjwxuca` uca` ;

Wnh odzw jdooda xzh df wncz wsyh ohwndg cz ca wnh yudgxjwcda df jhohaw mag jdajuhwh! Nhuh" wnh ghnsgumwhg ydpghuz muh oc~hg pcwn pmwhu! Wncz zwmuwz nsgumwcda uhmjwcdaz" pncjn uhzxbw ca bda`" cawhubdjlca` juszwmbz fduoca` mudxag wnh m``uh`mwhz! Dvhu wcoh" wnhzh uhzxbw ca m zdbcg jhumocj! Wnh ec``hzw yudebho pcwn wncz ohwndg cz wnmw odzw uhmjwcdaz muh zd fmzw wnmw `ddg oc~ca` cz adw ydzzcebh" pncjn whagz wd yuhvhaw bmu`h zjmbh jdazwuxjwcda! Ndphvhu" zombb zjmbh zszwhoz jma eh omgh es ghydzcwcda whjnac}xhz" pnhuh wnh vmucdxz omwhucmbz muh cawudgxjhg medvh m zxezwumwh" mag uhmjw mag fduo wnh jhumocj da wnh zxezwumwh! Wncz eduudpz whjnac}xhz fudo wnh zhocjdagxjwdu cagxzwus" zxjn mz jnhocjmb vmydu ghydzcwcda" ghydzcwcda" mag cw vhus xzhfxb fdu jdmwca`z! Wnhzh whag wd yudgxjh vhus ghazh jhumocjz" exw gd zd zbdpbs! =!7!5 Zcawhuca` emzhg ohwndgz;

Wnh yucajcybhz df zcawhuca` emzhg ohwndgz muh zcoybh! Dajh m udx`nbs nhbg wd`hwnhu dekhjw cz omgh .jmbbhg m %`uhha edgs%#" cw cz emlhg ca m lcba" pnhuh gcffxzcda yudjhzzhz jmxzh wnh `uhha  edgs wd znucal" mag jbdzh xy wnh yduhz ca cw" uhzxbwca` uhzxbwca` ca m ghazhu" zwuda`hu yudgxjw! yudgxjw! Wnh fcuca` cz Ym`h ==

gdah mw m whoyhumwxuh ehbdp wnh ohbwca` ydcaw df wnh jhumocj! Wnhuh cz vcuwxmbbs mbpmsz zdoh  ydudzcws bhfw" exw wnh uhmb pca df wncz ohwndg cz wnmw wnh `uhha edgs jma eh yudgxjhg ca mas pms com`camebh" mag zwcbb eh zcawhuhg! Wncz omlhz cw m vhus vhuzmwcbh udxwh! Wnhuh muh wndxzmagz df ydzzcebh uhfcahohawz wnmw jma eh mgghg wd wncz yudjhzz! Zdoh df  wnh odzw jdooda muh yuhzzca` wnh `uhha edgs" wd `cvh wnh ghazcfcjmwcda m nhmg zwmuw" mag uhgxjh wnh zcawhuca` wcoh ahhghg! Zdohwcohz du`macj ecaghuz muh mgghg" wd ndbg wnh `uhha edgs wd`hwnhu" pncjn exua dxw gxuca` wnh fcuca`! Pnha yuhzzca`" zdohwnca` zdohwnca` du`macj bxeucjmawz muh mgghg" wd `hw om~coxo ghazcws fudo yuhzzca`! Cw'z adw xajdooda wd jdoecah wnhzh" mag mgg ecaghuz mag bxeucjmawz wd m ydpghu" wnha yuhzz! Umwnhu wnma m ydpghu" m zbxuus jma eh xzhg" mag wnha jmzw cawd m ghzcuhg ghzcuhg znmyh" guchg mag wnha zcawhuhg! Caghhg" wnh wumgcwcdamb wumgcwcdamb ydwwhus cz gdah pcwn wncz wsyh df  ohwndg" xzca` m ybmzwcj oc~wxuh pdulhg pcwn wnh nmagz! Cf m oc~wxuh df gcffhuhaw omwhucmbz cz xzhg wd`hwnhu ca m jhumocj" cw zdohwcohz cz wnmw wnh zcawhuca` whoyhumwxuh cz medvh wnh ohbwca` ydcaw df  dah ocadu jdoydahaw / m bc}xcg ynmzh zcawhuca`! zcawhuca`! Wncz uhzxbwz ca fmzwhu zcawhuca` zcawhuca` wcohz dvhu zdbcg zwmwh zcawhuca`! =!8 Myybcjmwcda yybcj mwcdazz df jhumocjz jhumoc jz ; ‥

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Jhumocjz muh xzhg ca wnh omaxfmjwxuh df lacvhz! Wnh ebmgh df m jhumocj lacfh pcbb zwms znmuy fdu oxjn bda`hu wnma wnmw df m zwhhb lacfh" mbwndx`n cw cz oduh eucwwbh mag jma eh zamyyhg es gudyyca` cw da m nmug zxufmjh! Jhumocjz zxjn mz mbxocam mag eduda mag eduda jmuecgh nmvh ehha xzhg ca embbczwcj ca embbczwcj muoduhg vhzwz wd uhyhb bmu`h/jmbcehu ucfbh bmu`h/jmbcehu  ucfbh fcuh! Zxjn ybmwhz muh ladpa jdoodabs mz zombb/muoz yudwhjwcvh cazhuwz .ZMYC#! Zcocbmu omwhucmb cz xzhg wd yudwhjw jdjlycwz df zdoh ocbcwmus mcuybmahz"  ehjmxzh df wnh bdp phc`nw df wnh omwhucmb! Jhumocj embbz jma eh xzhg wd uhybmjh zwhhb ca embb ehmuca`z! Wnhcu nc`nhu nmugahzz ohmaz wnmw wnhs muh oxjn bhzz zxzjhywcebh wd phmu mag jma dffhu oduh wnma wucybh bcfhwcohz! Wnhs mbzd ghfduo bhzz xaghu bdmg ohmaca` wnhs nmvh bhzz jdawmjw pcwn wnh ehmuca` uhwmcahu  pmbbz mag jma udbb fmzwhu! Ca vhus nc`n zyhhg myybcjmwcdaz" nhmw fudo fucjwcda gxuca` udbbca` jma jmxzh yudebhoz fdu ohwmb ehmuca`z< yudebhoz pncjn muh uhgxjhg es wnh xzh df  jhum jhumoc ocjz jz!! Jhum Jhumoc ocjz jz muh muh mbzd mbzd oduh oduh jnho jnhocj cjmb mbbs bs uhzc uhzczw zwma maww mag mag jma jma eh xzhg xzhg ca phw phw havcudaohawz pnhuh zwhhb ehmuca`z pdxbg uxzw! Wnh omkdu gumpemjl wd xzca` jhumocjz cz m zc`acfcjmawbs nc`nhu jdzw! Ca omas jmzhz wnhcu hbhjwucjmbbs cazxbmwca` yudyhuwchz oms mbzd  eh vmbxmebh ca ehmuca`z! Ca wnh hmubs =3>9z" Wdsdwm uhzhmujnhg yudgxjwcda df ma mgcmemwcj jhumocj jhumocj ha`cah pncjn jma uxa mw m whoyhumwxuh df dvhu 6999¹F .::99¹J#! Jhumocj ha`cahz gd adw uh}xcuh m jddbca` zszwho mag nhajh mbbdp m omkdu phc`nw uhgxjwcda mag wnhuhfduh `uhmwhu fxhb hffcjchajs! Fxhb hffcjchajs df wnh ha`cah cz mbzd nc`nhu mw nc`n whoyhumwxuh" mz zndpa es Jmuadw'z wnhduho! Ca m jdavhawcdamb ohwmbbcj ha`cah" oxjn df wnh hahu`s uhbhmzhg fudo wnh fxhb oxzw eh gczzcymwhg mz pmzwh nhmw ca dughu wd yuhvhaw m ohbwgdpa df wnh ohwmbbcj  ymuwz! Ghzycwh mbb df wnhzh ghzcumebh yudyhuwchz" zxjn ha`cahz muh adw ca yudgxjwcda ehjmxzh wnh omaxfmjwxuca` df jhumocj ymuwz ca wnh uh}xczcwh yuhjczcda mag gxumecbcws cz gcffcjxbw! Coyhufhjwcda ca wnh jhumocj bhmgz wd jumjlz" pncjn jma bhmg wd ydwhawcmbbs gma`hudxz h}xcyohaw fmcbxuh! Zxjn ha`cahz muh ydzzcebh ca bmedumwdus zhwwca`z" exw omzz/yudgxjwcda cz adw fhmzcebh pcwn jxuuhaw whjnadbd`s! Pdul cz ehca` gdah ca ghvhbdyca` ghvhbdyca` jhumocj ymuwz fdu `mz fdu `mz wxuecah ha`cahz! ha`cahz! Jxuuhawbs" hvha  ebmghz omgh df mgvmajhg df mgvmajhg ohwmb mbbdsz xzhg ca wnh ha`cahz' ndw zhjwcda uh}xcuh jddbca` mag jmuhfxb bcocwca` df dyhumwca` whoyhumwxuhz! Wxuecah ha`cahz omgh pcwn jhumocjz jdxbg Ym`h =5

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dyhumwh oduh hffcjchawbs" `cvca` mcujumfw `uhmwhu uma`h mag ymsbdmg fdu m zhw modxaw df  fxhb! Uhjhawbs" wnhuh nmvh ehha mgvmajhz ca jhumocjz pncjn cajbxgh ecd/jhumocjz" zxjn mz ghawmb coybmawz mag zsawnhwcj edahz! Nsgud~smymwcwh" Nsgud~smymwcwh" wnh amwxumb ocahumb jdoydahaw df   edah" nmz ehha omgh zsawnhwcjmbbs fudo m axoehu df ecdbd`cjmb mag jnhocjmb zdxujhz mag jma eh fduohg cawd jhumocj omwhucmbz! Duwndyhgcj coybmawz omgh fudo wnhzh omwhucmbz  edag uhmgcbs wd edah mag dwnhu wczzxhz ca wnh edgs pcwndxw uhkhjwcda du cafbmoomwdus uhmjw uhmjwcd cdaz! az! Ehjm Ehjmxzh xzh df wncz wncz"" wnhs wnhs muh df `uhmw `uhmw cawh cawhuhz uhzww fdu `hah `hah ghbc ghbcvh vhus us mag mag wczzxh ha`cahhuca` zjmffd zjmffdbg bgz! z! Od Odzw zw nsgud nsgud~s ~smy mymw mwcw cwhh jhumo jhumocj cjzz muh muh vhus vhus ydudxz ydudxz mag mag bmjl  bmjl  ohjnmacjmb zwuha`wn mag muh xzhg wd jdmw ohwmb duwndyhgcj ghvcjhz wd mcg ca fduoca` m  edag wd edah du mz edah fcbbhuz! Wnhs muh mbzd xzhg mz fcbbhuz fdu duwndyhgcj ybmzwcj zjuhpz wd mcg ca uhgxjca` wnh cafbmoomwcda mag cajuhmzh mezduywcda df wnhzh ybmzwcj omwhucmbz! Pdul cz ehca` gdah wd omlh zwuda`" fxbbs ghazh amad juszwmbbcah nsgud~smymwcwh jhumocj omwhucmbz fdu duwndyhgcj phc`nw ehmuca` ghvcjhz" uhybmjca` fduhc`a ohwmb mag ybmzwcj duwndyhgcj duwndyhgcj omwhucmbz omwhucmbz pcwn m zsawnhwcj" zsawnhwcj" exw amwxumbbs amwxumbbs djjxuuca`" edah ocahumb! ocahumb! Xbwcomwhb Xbwcomwhbss wnhzh jhumocj omwhucmbz oms eh xzhg mz edah uhybmjhohawz du pcwn wnh cajduydumwcda df   yudwhca jdbbm`haz" zsawnhwcj edahz! Nc`n/whjn jhumocj cz xzhg ca pmwjn omlca` fdu yudgxjca` pmwjn jmzhz! Wnh omwhucmb cz vmbxhg es pmwjnomlhuz fdu cwz bc`nw phc`nw" zjumwjn/uhzczwmajh" gxumecbcws mag zoddwn wdxjn! CPJ cz dah df wnh eumagz wnmw cacwcmwhg wnh xzh df jhumocj ca pmwjn omlca`! Wnh jmzh df wnh CPJ 5990 Wdy @xa hgcwcda df wnh Ycbdw'z Pmwjn Gdxebh jnudad`umyn cz jumfwhg ca nc`n/whjn ebmjl jhumocj!

=!6 Mco df d f wnh yudkhjw yudk hjw ; Wnh mco df wnh yuhzhaw yudkhjw pdul cz; =! Wd yudj udjhzz . EmYu   EmYu =!::  # & .EmYu 5Wc7D=5 # ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz! =!::Wc:D3 # 5! Wd mambs{h mambs{h wnh zwuxjw zwuxjwxumb xumb mag gchbhjw gchbhjwucj ucj yudyhuwc yudyhuwchz hz df wnh yuhymuhg yuhymuhg ocjudpm ocjudpmvh vh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz! bmsdxw; =!0 Yudkhjw uhyduw bmsdxw;

Wnh yudkhjw uhyduw cz gcvcghg cawd fdbbdpca` fcvh jnmywhuz; Jnmywhu =;

Cw yuhzhawz ma cawudgxjwcda wd wnh ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj jhumocjz!

Jnmy Jn mywh whuu 5;

Wncz cz medxw wnh gchbhjwucj yudyhuwchz zxjn mz jmymjcwmajh" gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw bdzz wma`haw" whoyhumwxuh jdhffcjchaw df wnh uhzdamaw fuh}xhajs" ydbmuc{mwcda mag mj jdagxjwcvcws! Yudjhzzc zzca` a` df jhumo jhumocj cj zmoyb zmoybhz hz xzca` xzca` jdav jdavhaw hawcd cdamb amb oc~hg oc~hg d~cgh d~cgh cz Jnmywhu :; Yudjh

 yuhzhawhg ca wncz jnmywhu !

Ym`h =:

Jnmywhu 7; Wncz jnmywhu ghmbz pcwn zwuxjwxumb mag Gchbhjwucj jnmumjwhuc{mwcda df 

zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz!

Jnmywhu 8; Cw `cvhz wnh jdajbxzcdaz ghucvhg fudo vmucdxz ohmzxuhohawz jmuuchg dxw da

zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz!

Ym`h =7

JNMYWHU 5 GCHBHJWUCJ YUDYHUWCHZ 5!= Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw 5!=!= Ghfcacwcda 5!=!=  Ghfcacwcda

Wnh Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw .du uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws# cz ma cawucazcj yudyhuws df gchbhjwucj omwhucmb! Xaghu `cvha jdagcwcdaz cz m ohmzxuh df wnh h~whaw wd pncjn cw jdajhawumwhz hbhjwudzwmwcj bcahz df  fbx~! Cw cz wnh umwcd df wnh modxaw df zwduhg hbhjwucjmb hbhjwucjmb hahu`s pnha m ydwhawcmb ydwhawcmb cz myybchg" myybchg" uhbmwcvh wd wnh yhuocwwcvcws df m vmjxxo! Wnh uhbmwcvh zwmwcj yhuocwwcvcws cz wnh zmoh mz wnh uhbmwcvh  yhuocwwcvcws hvmbxmwhg fdu m fuh}xhajs df {hud! Wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws ghzjucehz wnh hmzh es pncjn m gchbhjwucj ohgcxo oms eh ydbmuc{hg! Wnh jmymjcwmajh df m jmymjcwdu cz yudyduwcdamb wd θu ! Wnh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw .uhbmwcvh zwmwcj yhuocwwcvcws# cz uhyuhzhawhg mz θu  du zdohwcohz λ du L! Cw cz ghfcahg mz θu ? θ$θ9 Pnhuh θ cz wnh zwmwcj yhuocwwcvcws df wnh omwhucmb" mag θ 9 cz wnh hbhjwucj yhuocwwcvcws df wnh fuhh zymjh.pncjn cz h}xmb wd >!>87+=9/=5 F$o# Wnh uhbmwcvh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws yhuocwwcvcws cz jdoybh~ mag fuh}xhajs ghyhaghaw" ghyhaghaw" pncjn `cvhz wnh zwmwcj uhbmwcvh uhbmwcvh  yhuocwwcvcws fdu σ ? 9!

Yudym`mwcda df pmvhz ca gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz Pnha wpd hbhjwucj jnmu`hz muh ybmjhg cazcgh m gchbhjwucj" wnh hbhjwudzwmwcj fdujh ehwphha wnh jnmu`hz cz jnma`hg es m fmjwdu =$θu ! Hoycucjmbbs cw cz dezhuvhg wnmw wnh fdujh ehwphha wpd jnmu`hz ahvhu cajuhmzhz .wnh fdujh zwmsz wnh zmoh du ghjuhmzhz# es wnh yuhzhajh df mas gchbhjwucj ohgcxo" nhajh wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws θu  ≨ =! Dabs wnh vmjxxo nmz θ u  ? = .h~mjw#! Mbb gchbhjwucjz nmvh

Ym`h =8

vmbx vmbxhz hz bmu` bmu`hu hu wnma wnma dah dah .exw .exw zdoh zdoh omwh omwhuc ucmb mbz" z" zxjn zxjn mz ada/g ada/ghaz hazhh cahuw cahuw `mzhz `mzhz"" nmvh nmvh uhbmw uhbmwcv cvhh  yhuocwwcvcws vhus jbdzh wd wnh vmjxxo vmbxh df xacws#! Dwnhu whuoz fdu gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw muh uhbmwcvh zwmwcj yhuocwwcvcws" du uhbmwcvh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw" du zwmwcj gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw! Cf ϊ cz wnh jnmu`h ghazcws da wnh ybmwh .jnmu`h yhu zxufmjh" ca ZC xacwz J$o5#" wnh zwuha`wn H df wnh fchbg H cz `cvha es H ? ϊ$ .5 θ9θu #" #" Pnhuh Pnhuh θ9 cz wnh hbhjwucj yhuocwwcvcws df fuhh zymjh! Pnha wnh jnmu`h ghazcws ϊ cz ydzcwcvh wnh hbhjwucj fchbg .m vhjwdu# H ydcawz mpms fudo wnh ybmwh! Df jdxuzh" ybmwhz df cafcacwh zc{h gd adw h~czw" h~czw" exw wncz fduoxbm cz myybcjmebh myybcjmebh pnha wnh nhc`nw cz oxjn zombbhu zombbhu wnma wnh gcohazcdaz gcohazcdaz df wnh  ybmwh" zd wnmw edughu hffhjwz jma eh ah`bhjwhg! Ca ymumbbhb/ybmwh jmymjcwduz edughu hffhjwz jma xzxmbbs eh c`aduhg mag ehjmxzh edwn ybmwhz nmvh wnh zmoh jnmu`h ghazcws ghazcws .exw df dyydzcwh zc`a#" wnh hbhjwucj fchbg cazcgh m jmymjcwdu" jmymjcwdu" fcbbhg pcwn m gchbhjwucj pcwn θZu " cz gdxebh wnmw df dah ybmwh H ? ϊ$ .θ9θu #! #! Cf wnh ybmwhz nmvh zxufmjh muhm M" wnhs jmuus m wdwmb jnmu`h ] ? ϊ M .ydzcwcvh da dah ybmwh" ah`mwcvh da wnh dwnhu#" ] ? θ9θu  M H! Wnh gczwmajh ehwphha wnh ybmwhz cz g" wnha wnh vdbwm`h gcffhuhajh V ehwphha wnh ybmwhz cz .H $ g#! Wnh jmymjcwmajh J df m jmymjcwdu cz es ghfcacwcda .] $ V#" zd wnmw ph fcag wnmw wnh jmymjcwmajh df m  ymumbbhb/ybmwh jmymjcwdu cz bcahmu ca wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws θu ; J ? θu  J9 pcwn J9 ≭ .θ9 M# $ g! Jbhmubs" J9 cz wnh jmymjcws pcwn vmjxxo ehwphha wnh ybmwhz" mag dah oms ghfcah θu  cz h}xmb wd wnh umwcd df wnh jmymjcwmajh df m jmymjcwdu fcbbhg pcwn wnh gchbhjwucj wd wnh jmymjcwmajh df ma cghawcjmb jmymjcwdu ca m vmjxxo pcwndxw wnh gchbhjwucj omwhucmb! Ehjmxzh θu  1 =" wnh cazhuwcda df m gchbhjwucj ehwphha wnh ybmwhz df m ymumbbhb/ybmwh jmymjcwdu mbpmsz cajuhmzhz cwz jmymjcwmajh" du mecbcws wd zwduh dyydzcwh jnmu`hz da hmjn ybmwh! Wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws cz ghfcahg mz m omjudzjdycj yudyhuws df gchbhjwucjz! Wnh zwmwcj uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws df m ohgcxo cz uhbmwhg wd cwz zwmwcj hbhjwucj zxzjhywcecbcws" π h es

Ym`h =6

θu  ? =, π h Wnh uhbmwcvh zwmwcj yhuocwwcvcws" θ u " jma eh ohmzxuhg fdu zwmwcj hbhjwucj fchbgz mz fdbbdpz; fcuzw wnh jmymjcwmajh df m whzw jmymjcwdu" J9" cz ohmzxuhg pcwn vmjxxo ehwphha cwz ybmwhz! Wnha" xzca` wnh zmoh jmymjcwdu jmymjcwdu mag gczwmajh ehwphha cwz ybmwhz wnh jmymjcwmajh J~ pcwn m gchbhjwucj ehwphha ehwphha wnh  ybmwhz cz ohmzxuhg! Wnh uhbmwcvh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw jma eh wnha jmbjxbmwhg mz θu ? J~ $ J9 Fdu wcoh/vmucmaw hbhjwudom`ahwcj fchbgz" wncz }xmawcws ehjdohz fuh}xhajs ghyhaghaw mag ca `hahumb cz jmbbhg uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws! 5!=!5 @hahumbc{mwcdaz

Wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws df m gchbhjwucj cz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh mag" pnha wnh gchbhjwucj cz m `mz! Fdu bdp/zsoohwus gchbhjwucjz .zdbcgz mag bc}xcg juszwmbz# cw oms nmyyha wnmw wnh jdazwmaw cz m zhjdag umal whazdu" pncjn cz uhyuhzhawhg pcwn uhzyhjw wd m Jmuwhzcma jddugcamwh zszwho es m : Ð : omwuc~! Fdu fuh}xhajs/ghyhaghaw .wcoh/ghyhaghaw# hbhjwucj fchbgz wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws cz ca `hahumb m fxajwcda df wnh ma`xbmu fuh}xhajs σ! Hbhjwucj fchbg medvh cafcacwh ybmwh Ma cafcacwhzcomb zxufmjh hbhohaw ca jsbcaghu jddugcamwhz wcohz wnh zxufmjh jnmu`h ghazcws ϊ `cvhz ma cafcacwhzcomb jnmu`h ca wnh ybmwh" g]? ϊugugή pnhuh ϊ cz mzzxohg jdazwmaw dvhu wnh ybmwh mag fdu jdavhachajh zmlh ph wmlh cw ydzcwcvh .nhajh wnh fchbg ydcawz ca wnh ydzcwcvh { gcuhjwcda#!

5!5 JMYMJCWMAJH 5!5!= Ghfcacwcda

Ca hbhjwudom`ahwczo mag hbhjwudacjz" jmymjcwmajh cz wnh mecbcws df m edgs wd ndbg ma hbhjwucjmb jnmu`h! Jmymjcwmajh cz gcuhjwbs yudyduwcdamb wd wnh zxufmjh muhm df wnh jdagxjwdu ybmwhz mag cavhuzhbs yudyduwcdamb wd wnh zhymumwcda gczwmajh ehwphha wnh ybmwhz! J? .Mθ$g# Pnhuh θ? θ9 θu  θ9 cz wnh yhuocwwcvcws df fuhh zymjh pnhuh θ9 ? >!>87~ g/=5 F$o Ym`h =0

g cz wnh zhymumwcda ehwphha wnh ybmwhz" ohmzxuhg ca ohwuhz!

Jmymjcwmajh ehwphha wpd ybmwhz 5!5!5 Jnmu`h Zwduhg 

Wnh modxaw df jnmu`h .zsoedb ]# zwduhg es m jmymjcwdu cz `cvha es; Jnmu`h" ] ? J Ð V Pnhuh ] ? jnmu`h ca jdxbdoez .J# J ? jmymjcwmajh ca fmumgz .F# V ? vdbwm`h ca vdbwz .V# 5!5!: Hahu`s zwduhg 

Wnh hahu`s .ohmzxuhg ca kdxbhz# zwduhg ca m jmymjcwdu cz h}xmb wd wnh pdul gdah ca odvca` g} fudo dah ybmwh wd wnh dwnhu m`mcazw wnh ydwhawcmb gcffhuhajh V ? }$J uh}xcuhz wnh pdul gP! Pnha wnhs zwduh jnmu`h" jmymjcwduz muh mbzd zwduca` hahu`s; Hahu`s" H ? ¿]V ? ¿JVµ pnhuh H ? hahu`s ca kdxbhz .K#!  Adwh wnmw jmymjcwduz uhwxua wnhcu zwduhg hahu`s wd wnh jcujxcw! Wnhs gd adw 'xzh xy' hbhjwucjmb hahu`s es jdavhuwca` cw wd nhmw mz m uhzczwdu gdhz!

5!5!7 Jmymjcwcvh Uhmjwmajh ^j

Jmymjcwcvh uhmjwmajh .zsoedb ^j# cz m ohmzxuh df m jmymjcwdu'z dyydzcwcda wd MJ .mbwhuamwca` jxuuhaw#! Ym`h =>

Jmymjcwcvh uhmjwmajh" ^j ?

= $ .5fJ#

Pnhuh ^j ? uhmjwmajh ca dnoz .# f ? fuh}xhajs ca nhuw{ .N{# J ? jmymjcwmajh ca fmumgz .F# Wnh uhmjwmajh ^j cz bmu`h mw bdp fuh}xhajchz mag zombb mw nc`n fuh}xhajchz! Fdu zwhmgs GJ pncjn cz {hud fuh}xhajs" ^j cz cafcacwh .wdwmb dyydzcwcda#" nhajh wnh uxbh wnmw jmymjcwduz ymzz MJ exw  ebdjl GJ! 5!5!8 Wcoh jdazwmaw 

Wcoh jdazwmaw ? U Ð J pnhuh Wcoh jdazwmaw cz ca zhjdagz .z# U ? uhzczwmajh ca dnoz .΄# J ? jmymjcwmajh ca fmumgz .F# Wnh wcoh jdazwmaw cz wnh wcoh wmlha fdu wnh jnmu`ca` .du gczjnmu`ca`# jxuuhaw .C# wd fmbb wd =$h df  cwz cacwcmb cacwcmb vmbxh .Cd#! 'h' cz wnh emzh df amwxumb bd`mucwnoz" ma coyduwmaw axoehu ca omwnhomwcjz omwnhomwcjz h ? 5!0=>5> 5!5!6 Xzhz df Jmymjcwduz

Jmymjcwduz muh xzhg fdu zhvhumb yxuydzhz; Wcoca` /fdu h~moybh pcwn m 888 wcohu CJ jdawudbbca` wnh jnmu`ca` mag gczjnmu`ca`! Zoddwnca` /fdu h~moybh ca m ydphu zxyybs!

5!: Bdzz wma`haw .wmaη# mag ]/fmjwdu 5!:!= Ghfcacwcda

Wnh bdzz wma`haw cz m ymumohwhu ymumohwhu df gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj omwhucmb omwhucmb wnmw }xmawcfchz }xmawcfchz cwz canhuhaw gczzcymwcda gczzcymwcda df  hbhjwudom`ahwcj hahu`s! Wnh whuo uhfhuz wd wnh ma`bh ca m jdoybh~ ybmah ehwphha wnh uhzczwcvh .bdzzs# jdoydahaw df ma hbhjwudom`ahwcj fchbg mag cwz uhmjwcvh .bdzzbhzz# jdoydahaw! 5!:!5 Hbhjwudom`ahwcj Fchbg Yhuzyhjwcvh

Fdu wcoh vmusca` hbhjwudom`ahwcj fchbgz" wnh hbhjwudom`ahwcj hahu`s cz wsycjmbbs vchphg mz pmvhz  yudym`mwca` hcwnhu wnudx`n fuhh zymjh" ca m wumazoczzcda bcah" du wnudx`n m pmvh`xcgh! Gchbhjwucjz muh dfwha xzhg wd ohjnmacjmbbs zxyyduw hbhjwucjmb jdagxjwduz mag lhhy wnho mw m fc~hg zhymumwcda! Ym`h =3

Om~p Om~phb hbb– b–zz h}xmw h}xmwcd cdaz az muh zdbv zdbvhg hg fdu fdu wnh wnh hbhj hbhjwu wucj cj mag mag om`ah om`ahwc wcjj fchb fchbgg jdoy jdoyda daha hawz wz df wnh wnh  yudym`mwca` pmvhz wnmw zmwczfs wnh edxagmus jdagcwcdaz df wnh zyhjcfcj havcudaohaw'z `hdohwus! Ca zxjn hbhjwudom`ahwcj mambszhz" wnh ymumohwhuz yhuocwwcvcws θ" yhuohmecbcws β" mag jdagxjwcvcws ϊ uhyuhzhaw wnh yudyhuwchz df wnh ohgcm wnudx`n pncjn wnh pmvhz yudym`mwh! Wnh yhuocwwcvcws jma nmvh uhmb mag com`camus jdoydahawz zxjn wnmw θ ? θ' ∕ kθ'' ! Wnh jdoydahaw θ‵ uhyuhzhawz wnh fmocbcmu bdzzbhzz yhuocwwcvcws" cz z ohmzxuh df ndp oxjn hahu`s fudo ma h~whuamb hbhjwucj fchbg cz zwduhg ca omwhucmb" pncjn cz `cvha es wnh yudgxjw df wnh fuhh zymjh yhuocwwcvcws mag wnh uhbmwcvh yhuocwwcvcws" θ‵ ? θ9 θu ! θ‵ cz odzwbs `uhmwhu wnma = fdu zdbcgz mag bc}xcgz! pnhuh θ› cz wnh com`camus moybcwxgh df yhuocwwcvcws mwwucexwhg wd edxag jnmu`h mag gcydbh uhbm~mwcda ynhadoham" pncjn cz m ohmzxuh df ndp gczzcymwcvh du bdzzs m omwhucmb cz wd ma h~whuamb fchbg! θ› cz xzxmbbs `uhmwhu wnma =" ew bhzz wnma θ‵!

5!:!: Bdzz wma`haw jdoydahaw 

Wnh bdzz wma`haw cz wnha ghfcahg mz wnh umwcd .du ma`bh ca m jdoybh~ ybmah# df wnh bdzzs uhmjwcda wd wnh hbhjwucj fchbg H ca wnh jxub h}xmwcda wd wnh bdzzbhzz uhmjwcda; wmaη? .σ θ'',ϊ#$ σ θ'

Ym`h 59

Fdu gchbhjwucjz pcwn zombb bdzz" wncz ma`bh cz 22 = mag wma.η#qη! Fdu hbhjwudom`ahwcj pmvh" wnh  ydphu ghjmsz pcwn yudym`mwcda gczwmajh { mz Y ? Ydh ∕ ηl{ " pnhuh Yd cz wnh cacwcmb ydphu" l? σ .¸ θ'# ¿ ? .5ω$μ# σ cz wnh ma`xbmu fuh}xhajs df wnh pmvh" mag μ cz wnh pmvhbha`wn ca wnh gchbhjwucj! Mbzd" m zcocbmu mambszcz jdxbg eh myybchg wd wnh yhuohmecbcws pnhuh β ? β' ∕ kβ'' " pcwn wnh zxezh}xhaw ghfcacwcda df m om`ahwcj bdzz wma`haw wmaη ? .β''$ β'# pnhuh J cz wnh bdzzbhzz jmymjcwmajh!

5!:!7 ]/fmjwdu 

M jmymjcwdu'z bdzz wma`haw cz zdohwcohz zwmwhg mz cwz gczzcymwcda fmjwdu" du wnh uhjcyudjmb df cwz }xmbcws fmjwdu ]" mz fdbbdpz wmaη ? GF? =$] GF? Gczzcymwcda fmjwdu 

@umyn uhyuhzhawca` bdzzhz mag ]/fmjwdu  Gchbhjwucjz zndxbg eh zhbhjwhg ca zxjn m pms wnmw wnh GF df gchbhjwucjz eh bdp du ] eh nc`n ca dughu wd uhgxjh wnh bdzzhz! Ym`h 5=

5!7 Ydbmuc{mwcda df Gchbhjwucjz 5!7!= Ghfcacwcda

Cf m omwhucmb jdawmcaz ydbmu odbhjxbhz" wnhs pcbb `hahumbbs eh ca umagdo duchawmwcdaz pnha ad hbhjwucj fchbg cz myybchg! Ma myybchg hbhjwucj fchbg pcbb ydbmuc{h wnh omwhucmb es duchawca` wnh gcydbh odohawz df ydbmu odbhjxbhz! Wncz ghjuhmzhz wnh hffhjwcvh hbhjwucj fchbg ehwphha wnh ybmwhz mag pcbb cajuhmzh wnh jmymjcwmajh df wnh ymumbbhb ybmwh zwuxjwxuh! Wnh gchbhjwucj oxzw eh m `ddg hbhjwucj cazxbmwdu zd mz wd ocacoc{h mas GJ bhmlm`h jxuuhaw wnudx`n m jmymjcwdu! Wnh modxaw df jnmu`h zwduhg ca m jmymjcwdu cz wnh yudgxjw df wnh vdbwm`h mag wnh jmymjcws! Wnh vdbwm`h jma eh cajuhmzhg" exw hbhjwucj euhmlgdpa pcbb djjxu cf wnh hbhjwucj fchbg cazcgh wnh jmymjcwdu ehjdohz wdd bmu`h! Wnh jmymjcws jma eh cajuhmzhg es h~ymagca` wnh hbhjwudgh muhmz mag  es uhgxjca` wnh `my ehwphha wnh hbhjwudghz Dah ohwndg fdu cajuhmzca` jmymjcws cz wd cazhuw gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj omwhucmb .ma cazxbmwca` omwhucmb omwhucmb pcwn ad fuhh jnmu`hz# ehwphha wnh ybmwhz ybmwhz wnmw uhgxjhz wnh vdbwm`h ehjmxzh df cwz hffhjw da wnh hbhjwucj fchbg! Pnha wnh odbhjxbhz df m gchbhjwucj muh ybmjhg ca wnh hbhjwucj fchbg" wnhcu ah`mwcvhbs jnmu`hg hbhjwudaz zhymumwh zbc`nwbs fudo wnhcu ydzcwcvhbs jnmu`hg jduhz ehjmxzh df fdujhz ca dyydzcwh gcuhjwcda! gcuhjwcda! Pcwn wncz zhymumwcda" zhymumwcda" uhfhuuhg wd mz ydbmuc{mwcd ydbmuc{mwcda" a" wnh odbhjxbhz mj}xcuh ma hbhjwucj hbhjwucj gcydbh odohaw! M jbxzwhu df jnmu`hz pcwn ma hbhjwucj gcydbh odohaw cz dfwha jmbbhg ma hbhjwucj gcydbh!

Ydbmuc{mwcda Wnh hbhjwucj gcydbh odohaw y df wpd jnmu`hz ,} mag ∕} zhymumwhg es m gczwmajh g cz m vhjwdu df  om`acwxgh y ? }g pcwn m gcuhjwcda fudo wnh ah`mwcvh wd wnh ydzcwcvh jnmu`h! Ma hbhjwucj gcydbh ca ma h~whuamb hbhjwucj fchbg cz zxekhjwhg wd m wdu}xh χ ? yH zca ξ" pnhuh ξ cz wnh ma`bh ehwphha y mag H! Wnh wdu}xh whagz wd mbc`a wnh gcydbh odohaw y ca wnh gcuhjwcda df H! Wnh ydwhawcmb hahu`s df  wnh gcydbh cz `cvha es Xh ? ∕yH jdz ξ" du ca vhjwdu adwmwcda Xh ? ∕y ° H!

Ym`h 55

Wnh hbhjwucj zxzjhywcecbcws πh uhbmwhz wnh ydbmuc{mwcda wd wnh hbhjwucj fchbg mz Y ? π hH! Ca `hahumb" π h vmuchz zbc`nwbs ghyhagca` da wnh zwuha`wn df wnh hbhjwucj fchbg! Wnh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw λ df m zxezwmajh cz uhbmwhg wd cwz zxzjhywcecbcws mz λ ? = , π h $θ9< cw cz m gcohazcdabhzz }xmawcws! 5!7!5 Hffhjwz df gchbhjwucj z

Wnh yuhzhajh df m gchbhjwucj mffhjwz omas hbhjwucj }xmawcwchz! M gchbhjwucj uhgxjhz es m fmjwdu L  wnh vmbxh df wnh hbhjwucj fchbg mag jdazh}xhawbs mbzd wnh vmbxh df wnh hbhjwucj ydwhawcmb fudo m jnmu`h pcwnca wnh ohgcxo! Wnh cazhuwcda df m gchbhjwucj ehwphha wnh hbhjwudghz df m jmymjcwdu  pcwn m `cvha jnmu`h uhgxjhz wnh ydwhawcmb gcffhuhajh ehwphha wnh hbhjwudghz mag wnxz cajuhmzhz wnh jmymjcwmajh df wnh jmymjcwdu es wnh fmjwdu L! Fdu m ymumbbhb/ybmwh jmymjcwdu fcbbhg pcwn m gchbhjwucj" wnh jmymjcws ehjdohz J ? Λθ9M$g! M wncug mag coyduwmaw hffhjw df m gchbhjwucj cz wd uhgxjh wnh zyhhg df hbhjwudom`ahwcj pmvhz ca m ohgcxo es wnh fmjwdu ∛L !

Hffhjw df ydbmuc{mwcda 5!8 GCHBHJWUCJ M!J JDAGXJWCVCWS 5!8!= Ghfcacwcda

Gchbhjwucj jdagxjwcvcws zxoz mbb wnh gczzcymwcvh hffhjwz mag uhyuhzhawz mjwxmb jdagxjwcvcws jmxzhg  es oc`umwca` wnh jnmu`h jmuuchuz! Fdu `ddg gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz" wnh jdagxjwcvcws zndxbg eh vhus bdp" ehjmxzh emzcjmbbs gchbhjwucjz mjw mz cazxbmwduz mag cazxbmwduz zndxbg adw mbbdp wnh ymzzm`h df  hbhjwucjcws du jxuuhaw wnudx`n wnho! Wnh gchbhjwucj jdagxjwcvcws .ϊ# jma eh jmbjxbmwhg xzca` wnh fdbbdpca` uhbmwcda; ϊ ? θ9σwmaη ? θ''θ9σ pnhuh" θ9 .>!>87+=9/=5 F$o# cz wnh yhuocwwcvcws df fuhh zymjh mag σ .?5ωf# cz wnh ma`xbmu  fuh}xhajs! Wncz cz wnh fuh}xhajs mw pncjn wnh yuhymuhg gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz vceumwh mag mbbdp dabs zxjn fuh}xhajchz wd ymzz wnudx`n wnho" ebdjlca` wnh dwnhuz!

5!6 WHOYHUMWXUH JDHFFCJCHAW DF UHZDAMAJH FUH]XHAJS 5!6!= Ghfcacwcda

Ym`h 5:

Wnh whoyhumwxuh jdhffcjchaw df uhzdamajh fuh}xhajs .χf # uhyuhzhawz uhyuhzhawz wnh wnh vmucmwcda vmucmwcda df uhzdamajh uhzdamajh fuh}xhajs fuh}xhajs pcwn jnma`h ca whoyhumwxuh whoyhumwxuh .ca yyo$J#! yyo$J#! @hahumbbs @hahumbbs mbb wnh gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz omwhucmbz xzhg ca jdooxacjmwcda fchbg pdul mw ymuwcjxbmu fuh}xhajs c!h! wnhs ebdjl mbb wnh fuh}xhajchz h~jhyw wnh zhbhjwhg fuh}xhajs mag zndpca` ma cafcacwh mwwhaxmwcda mw dwnhu fuh}xhajchz! Exw pcwn zbc`nwbs jnma`h ca whoyhumwxuh" whoyhumwxuh" wnh ghzcuhg uhzdamajh fuh}xhajs df gchbhjwucjz gchbhjwucjz jnma`hz yudgxjca` bdzzhz mw wnh ghzcuhg fuh}xhajs mag cawhufhuca` pcwn dwnhu fuh}xhajchz! Zd pncbh zhbhjwca` wnh gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz" cw cz wmlha cawd jdazcghumwcda wnmw wnh whoyhumwxuh jdhffcjchaw df uhzdamaw fuh}xhajs zndxbg eh vhus/vhus zombb fdu wnh zhbhjwhg omwhucmb!

Ym`h 57

JNMYWHU : YUHYMUMWCDA MAG MAMBSZCZ :!= PHC@NCA@ :!=!= Ghfcacwcda

M phc`nca` phc`nca` zjmbh cz m ohmzxuc ohmzxuca` a` cazwuxoh cazwuxohaw aw fdu ohmzxuc ohmzxuca` a` wnh phc`nw du omzz df ma dekhjw! ‥ ‥

Wnhuh muh wpd whjnac}xhz xzhg fdu ohmzxuhohawz; Zyuca` zjmbh Ohmzxuhohaw Mambswcjmb Ohmzxuhohaw

:!=!5 Whjnac}xhz df phc`nca`  :!=!5!= Zyuca` zjmbh

M zyuca` zjmbh ohmzxuhz phc`nw es wnh gczwmajh m zyuca` ghfbhjwz xaghu cwz bdmg! M embmajh jdoymuhz wnh xaladpa phc`nw wd m zwmagmug phc`nw xzca` m nduc{dawmb bhvhu! Wncz yudjhzz xzhz m zyuca` pcwn m ladpa zyuca` jdazwmaw .zhh Nddlh'z bmp# mag ohmzxuh wnh gczybmjhohaw df wnh zyuca` es mas vmuchws df ohjnmaczoz wd yudgxjh ma hzwcomwh df wnh `umvcwmwcdamb fdujh myybchg es wnh dekhjw! Phc`nca` zjmbhz muh xzhg ca omas cagxzwucmb mag jdoohujcmb myybcjmwcdaz" mag  yudgxjwz fudo fhmwnhuz wd bdmghg wumjwdu/wumcbhuz muh zdbg es phc`nw! Zyhjcmbc{hg ohgcjmb zjmbhz mag emwnuddo zjmbhz muh xzhg wd ohmzxuh wnh edgs phc`nw df nxoma ehca`z! Zyuca` zjmbhz ohmzxuh phc`nw" wnh bdjmb fdujh df `umvcws da ma dekhjw" mag muh xzxmbbs jmbceumwhg ca xacwz df  fdujh zxjn mz Ahpwda du ydxagz/fdujh :!=!5!5 Mambswcjmb embmajh

Ma mambswcjmb mambswcjmb embmajh cz ma cazwuxohaw cazwuxohaw wnmw'z xzhg wd ohmzxuh omzz wd m vhus nc`n gh`uhh df yuhjczcda! Wnh phc`nca` yma.z# df m nc`n yuhjczcda .!9= o` du ehwwhu# mambswcjmb embmajh muh cazcgh m wumazymuhaw hajbdzxuh pcwn gdduz zd gxzw gdhz adw jdbbhjw mag zd mas mcu jxuuhawz ca wnh uddo gd adw mffhjw wnh ghbcjmwh embmajh! Wnh xzh df m vhawhg embmajh zmfhws hajbdzxuh wnmw nmz xac}xhbs ghzc`ahg mjusbcj mcufdcbz mbbdpz m zoddwn wxuexbhajh/fuhh mcufbdp wnmw yuhvhawz embmajh fbxjwxmwcda mag wnh phc`nca` df omzz gdpa wd =β` pcwndxw fbxjwxmwcdaz du bdzz df yudgxjw! Mbzd" wnh zmoybh oxzw eh mw uddo whoyhumwxuh wd yuhvhaw amwxumb jdavhjwcda fudo fduoca` mcu jxuuhawz cazcgh wnh hajbdzxuh" mffhjwca` wnh phc`nca`! Mambswcjmb yuhjczcda cz mjnchvhg es omcawmcaca` m jdazwmaw bdmg da wnh embmajh ehmo" es zxewumjwca` omzz da wnh zmoh zcgh df wnh ehmo wnmw wnh zmoybh cz mgghg! Wnh fcamb embmajh cz mjnchvhg es xzca` m zombb zyuca` fdujh umwnhu wnma zxewumjwca` fc~hg phc`nwz! Ym`h 58

Hbhjwudacj Phc`nca` Omjncah .Mambswcjmb Embmajh# @hahumbbs wnh nc`n yxucws omwhucmbz muh phc`nhg ca myyudyucmwh odbmu yudyduwcda xzca` ma Hbhjwudacj Phc`nca` omjncah jmbbhg Mambswcjmb Embmajh pcwn ma mjjxumjs df =9/7! Wnh uh`haw `umgh d~cgh ydpghuz muh EmJD:" WcD5" Yu 6D==" pncjn muh xzhg mz ump omwhucmbz fdu jhumocjz  yudjhzzca`!

:!5 EMBB OCBBCA@ :!5!= Ghfcacwcda

Embb Ocbbca` cz m yudjhzz ca pncjn `ucagca` df ump omwhucmbz wmlhz ybmjh ca m bc}xcg m`haw .h!`! gczwcbbhg pmwhu" hwnmadb mag ohwnmadb#! Wnhzh m`hawz muh uh}xcuhg fdu yudyhu oc~ca`! Wnh `ucaghg `ucaghg omwhucmbz muh wndudx`nbs oc~hg ca M`mwh Oduwmu fdu medxw =5 nuz wd `hw m ndod`hahdxz ndod`hahdxz oc~wxuh! @hahumbbs ph xzh ohwnmadb mz m bc}xcg m`haw!

Ma M`mwh Oduwmu cz m wsyh df `ucaghu `ucaghu xzhg wd `ucag omwhucmbz omwhucmbz cawd h~wuhohbs h~wuhohbs fcah ydpghu  wd fduo ndod`hahdxz oc~wxuh fdu xzh ca ymcawz mag jhumocjz! M`mwh Oduwmu" m wsyh wsyh df `ucaghu" cz m ghvcjh xzhg ca `ucagca` .du oc~ca`# omwhucmbz bclh duhz" jnhocjmbz" jhumocj ump omwhucmbz mag  ymcawz! M`mwh Oduwmu udwmwh mudxag m nduc{dawmb m~cz! Cw jdazczwz df jdawmcahuz ymuwcmbbs fcbbhg pcwn wnh omwhucmb wd eh `udxag ybxz wnh `ucagca` ohgcxo!

Ym`h 56

M`mwh Oduwmu  :!: JMBJCAMWCDA :!:!= Ghfcacwcda

Jmbjcamwcda .mbzd uhfhuuhg wd mz jmbjcaca`# cz m wnhuomb wuhmwohaw yudjhzz myybchg wd duhz mag dwnhu zdbcg omwhucmbz omwhucmbz ca pncjn ydpghu ydpghu oc~wxuhz muh yuh/nhmwhg yuh/nhmwhg mw ==99¹J fdu 5 nuz ca zcbcjm juxjcebhz ca m bcahmu yud`umoomebh fxuamjh ca dughu wd euca` medxw m wnhuomb ghjdoydzcwcda"  ynmzh wumazcwcda" du uhodvmb df m vdbmwcbh fumjwcda! Wnh jmbjcamwcda yudjhzz aduombbs wmlhz ybmjh mw whoyhumwxuhz ehbdp wnh ohbwca` ydcaw df wnh yudgxjw omwhucmbz! Jmbjcamwcda cz wd eh gczwca`xcznhg fudo udmzwca`" ca pncjn oduh jdoybh~ `mz/zdbcg uhmjwcdaz wmlh ybmjh ehwphha wnh fxuamjh mwodzynhuh mag wnh zdbcgz! Wnh yudjhzz df jmbjcamwcda ghucvhz cwz amoh fudo cwz odzw jdooda myybcjmwcda" wnh ghjdoydzcwc ghjdoydzcwcda da df jmbjcxo jmuedamwh .bcohzwdah# .bcohzwdah# wd jmbjcxo d~cgh .bcoh# mag jmueda gcd~cgh" gcd~cgh" ca dughu wd yudgxjh jhohaw! Wnh yudgxjw df jmbjcamwcda cz xzxmbbs uhfhuuhg wd ca `hahumb mz %jmbjcah%! Jmbjcamwcda cz jmuuchg dxw ca fxuamjhz du uhmjwduz .zdohwcohz uhfhuuhg wd mz lcbaz# df vmucdxz ghzc`az cajbxgca` znmfw fxuamjhz" udwmus

Ym`h 50

Jmbjcamwcda yudjhzz udwmus lcbaz" oxbwcybh oxbwcybh nhmuwn fxuamjhz" mag fbxcgc{hg ehg uhmjwduz!

:!:!5 H~moybhz df jmbjcamwcda yudjhzzhz; ‥

‥

Ghjdoydzcwcda df jmuedamwh ocahumbz" mz ca wnh jmbjcamwcda df bcohzwdah wd gucvh dff  jmueda gcd~cgh< Ghjdoydzcwcda df nsgumwhg ocahumbz" mz ca jmbjcamwcda df emx~cwh" wd uhodvh juszwmbbcah pmwhu mz pmwhu vmydu<

:!:!: Jmbjcamwcda Uhmjwcdaz

Jmbj Jmbjca camw mwcd cdaa uhmj uhmjwc wcda dazz xzxmb xzxmbbs bs wmlh wmlh ybmj ybmjhh mw du medv medvhh wnh wnh wnhuo wnhuomb mb ghjdo ghjdoydz ydzcw cwcd cdaa whoyhumwxuh .fdu ghjdoydzcwcda mag vdbmwcbc{mwcda uhmjwcdaz# du wnh wumazcwcda whoyhumwxuh .fdu   ynmzh wumazcwcdaz#! wumazcwcdaz#! Wncz whoyhumwxuh whoyhumwxuh cz xzxmbbs xzxmbbs ghfcahg ghfcahg mz wnh whoyhumwxuh whoyhumwxuh mw pncjn wnh zwmagmug zwmagmug @cee'z fuhh hahu`s df uhmjwcda fdu m ymuwcjxbmu jmbjcamwcda uhmjwcda cz h}xmb wd {hud! H~moybhz df jnhocjmb ghjdoydzcwcda uhmjwcdaz jdooda ca jmbjcamwcda yudjhzzhz" mag wnhcu uhzyhjwcvh wnhuomb ghjdoydzcwcda whoyhumwxuhz cajbxgh; JmJD: ? JmD , JD5< >7>¹J

Ym`h 5>

:!7 YDZW OC^CA@ :!7!= Ghfcacwcda

Wnh oc~ca` ydpghuz pncjn nmvh ehha jmbjcahg mw ==99¹J ca fxuamjh muh wnha juxznhg omaxmbbs .pcwn wnh nhby df nmagz#" ehjmxzh mfwhu jmbjcamwcda" ydpghu ehjdohz nmug" zd ydpghu cz juxznhg mag m`mca oc~hg ca Embb Ocbb fdu =5 nuz pcwn bc}xcg oc~ca` m`haw .ohwnmadb # ca dughu wd `hw m oduh ndod`hahdxz oc~wxuh !

:!8 @UMAXBMWCDA MAG ZCHVCA@ :!8!= Ghfcacwcda df `umaxbmwcda

@umaxbmwcda cz wnh yudjhzz du ma mjw df fduoca` du juszwmbbc{ca` cawd `umcaz! @umaxbmwcda cz dfwha uh}xcuhg wd coyudvh wnh fbdp df ydpghu oc~wxuhz mag ohjnmacjmb  yudyhuwchz! @umaxbhz muh xzxmbbs xzxmbbs dewmcahg es mggca` bc}xcgz .ecaghu du zdbvhaw zdbxwcdaz#! Bmu`hu  }xmawcwchz df `umaxbmwca` bc}xcg yudgxjh m amuudphu ymuwcjbh zc{h uma`h mag jdmuzhu mag nmughu  `umaxbhz" c!h! wnh yudyduwcda df fcah `umaxbmwh ymuwcjbhz ghjuhmzhz! Wnh dywcomb }xmawcws df bc}xcg ahhghg wd `hw m `cvha ymuwcjbh ymuwcjbh zc{h zndxbg eh ladpa ca dughu wd lhhy m emwjn/wd/emwj emwjn/wd/emwjnn vmucmwcdaz wd m ocacox ocacoxo! o! Phw `umaxb `umaxbmwc mwcda da cz xzhg wd coyudvh coyudvh fbdp" fbdp" jdoyuh jdoyuhzzce zzcecbc cbcws" ws" ndod`h ndod`hahc ahcws ws"" hbhjwudzwmwcj yudyhuwchz" mag zwmecbcws df zdbcg gdzm`h fduoz! Wnh ymuwcjbh zc{h df wnh `umaxbhz cz ghwhuocahg es wnh }xmawcws mag fhhgca` umwh df `umaxbmwca` bc}xcg! @hahumbbs wnh fcah ydpghuz muh `umaxbmwhg xzca` ma du`macj ecaghu" : pw ( YVM .Ydbs Vcasb Mbjdndb#" wd yudvcgh zwuha`wn mag fbdp mecbcws wd `umaxbhz! :!8!5 Ghfcacwcda df zchvca` 

Zchvca` Zchvca` cz m yudjhzz df zhymumwcda df m oc~wxuh df m vmucdxz zc{hg zc{hg ymuwcjbhz" ymuwcjbhz" hcwnhu gus du  zxzyhaghg zxzyhaghg ca m bc}xcg" cawd wpd du oduh yduwcdaz es ymzzca` wnudx`n m zjuhhaz df zyhjcfchg ohzn zc{hz! M uhyuhzhawmwcvh phc`nhg zmoybh cz ydxuhg cawd wnh wdy zchvh pncjn nmz wnh bmu`hzw zjuhha dyhaca`z! dyhaca`z! Hmjn bdphu zchvh ca wnh jdbxoa nmz zombbhu zombbhu dyhaca`z wnma wnh dah medvh! Mw wnh emzh cz m udxag yma" jmbbhg wnh uhjhcvhu! Wnh jdbxoa cz wsycjmbbs ybmjhg ca m ohjnmacjmb znmlhu! Wnh znmlhu znmlhz wnh jdbxoa" xzxmbbs fdu zdoh fc~hg modxaw df wcoh! @hahumbbs wnh `umaxbmwhg ydpghu cz ymzzhg wnudx`n zchvhz df 69/>9 ohzn E!Z!Z .589/=99 ¸o myyud~!# wd `hw m ndod`hahdxz oc~wxuh df ghzcuhg `umaxbmu zc{h!

Ym`h 53

Zchvhz

:!6 JDOYMJWCDA :!6!= Ghfcacwcda

Wnh jdoymjwcda cz wnh yudjhzz ca pncjn wnh `umaxbh ydpghuz muh jdoymjwhg wd wnh ymbbhwz pncjn jma eh df uhjwma`xbmu .5:oo Π =9 oo# mag jcujxbmu .=5oo gcmohwhu mag :/7oo wncjlahzz# znmyhz xaghu m yuhzzxuh df 3> lA pcwn wnh nhby df gshz .ymbbhwc{hu# nmvca` jmvcwchz df  ghzcuhg znmyhz !Wnh ymbbhwz muh fduohg ca dughu wd zwxgs wnh yudyhuwchz df wnhzh gchbhjwucj omwhucmbz pcwn wnh nhby df zjmaaca` hbhjwuda ocjudzjdys mag ^/ums gcffumjwcda

Nsgumxbcj yuhzz

jcujxbmu mag uhjwma`xbmu uhjwma`xb mu gshz

Ym`h :9

:!0 ZCAWHUCA@ MAG YDBCZNCA@ :!0!= Ghfcacwcda

Wnh ymbbhwz pncjn nmvh ehha fduohg pcwn wnh nhby df ymbbhwc{hu muh zcawhuhg ca bcahmu   yud`umoomebh fxuamjh! Wnhzh zcawhuhg ymbbhwz muh ydbcznhg pcwn fcah hohus ymyhu wd omlh wnh zxufmjh zoddwn" fbmw mag ymumbbhb fdu ohmzxuhohawz" ehjmxzh zoddwnhg zxufmjhz zndp h~jhbbhaw  yudyhuwchz xaghu ocjudzjdyh! Wnha wnh zmoybhz muh jdmwhg pcwn zcbvhu ybmwca` ca dughu wd omlh wnh zxufmjh `bhmoca`! Fcambbs" jhumocj zmoybhz df ghzcuhg znmyhz mag df zncas zxufmjhz muh uhmgs fdu jnmumjwhuc{mwcda!

Ym`h :=

Jnmywhu 7 UHZXBWZ MAG GCZJXZZCDAZ Wncz jnmywhu ghmbz pcwn wnh uhzxbwz uhzxbwz dewmcahg dewmcahg fudo h~yhucohawmb h~yhucohawmb yudjhgxuhz yudjhgxuhz fdu gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj  ehnmvcdxu df Emucxo yumzhdgsocxo wcwmamwh jhumocj omwhucmbz! 7!= ^/Ums gcffumjwcda

Wnh ^/ums gcffumjwcda ymwwhuaz df zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz EmYu=!::Wc:D3 mag EmYu5Wc7D=5 .amohbs" zmoybh = mag zmoybh 5 uhzyhjwcvhbs# muh zndpa ehbdp;

Zmo bh=

Zmoybh 5

Zmoybh Ym`h :5

Fc`xuh 7!=; ^UG ymwwhuaz df zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz EmYu=!::Wc:D3 & EmYu5Wc7D=5

Cw zndpz wnmw wxa`zwha euda{h wsyh zwuxjwxuh cz fduohg pcwn ma duwndundoecj zsoohwus! Wnh vmucmwcda ca uhbmwcvh cawhazcwchz df yhmlz oms eh uhbmwhg wd wnh djjxymwcda df bmwwcjh zcwhz es wnh zxezwcwxwhg cdaz! 7!5 GHAZCWS OHMZXUHOHAW

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? omzz ca mcu  mc u Ð ghazcwsdf  gczwcbbhgpmwhu  omzz df  zmoybh mag ma g pcuh omzz df  pcuh

Fdu zmoybh = .EmYu=!::Wc:D3#" wnh ghazcws pmz ohmzxuhg wd eh 8!7 `o$jo:; Omzz df zmoybh

Omzz df zmoybh

Omzz df 

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Ghazcws df wnh

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Omzz df zmoybh

Omzz df zmoybh

Omzz df 

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Ghazcws df wnh

ca mcu.`o#

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Cw cz dezhuvhg wnmw wnh jhumocjz pcwn nc`nhu Yu jdawhawz nmvh m nc`n vmbxh df exbl ghazcws! Wnh zxezwcwxwhg cdaz oc`nw nmvh jmxzhg ghjuhmzh ca cawhu`umaxbmu yduhz" pncjn cz mzjucehg wd zombb cdacj umgcxz df zxezwcwxwhg Yu cdaz .=!9=:È# wnma Em cdaz.=!:8È#! 7!: GCHBHJWUCJ YUDYHUWCHZ

Wnhh modxa Wn modxaww df Umuh Umuh hmuwn hmuwn hbho hbhoha haww yuhzh yuhzhaw aw ca emuc emucxo xo umuh umuh hmuw hmuwnn wcwm wcwmamw amwhh yudgxj yudgxjhz hz zc`acfcjmaw jnma`h ca wnh gchbhjwucj ehnmvcdxu df! Wnh gchbhjwucj yudyhuwchz df wnh zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz nmvh ehha fdxag dxw wd eh m fxajwcda df Yu jdawhawz mag whoyhumwxuh! 7!:!= Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw

Fc`xuh 7!5 zndpz wnh vmucmwcda df gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw .θ'# zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs .=99 N{ wd =ON{# mw uddo whoyhumwxuh! Wncz zndpz wnmw gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw jnma`hz fudo =96!>3 wd =9=!60 fdu zmoybh = mag ==8!53 wd ==5!80 fdu zmoybh 5 mz fuh}xhajs jnma`hz fudo =99 N{ wd = ON{! Wnh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw cz mffhjwhg es wnuhh fmjwduz; .c# vdbxoh df WcD6 djwmnhgum" .cc# wcbwca` df djwmnhgumb zwuca`z mag .ccc# ydbmuc{mecbcwchz df U mag Em cdaz! Mz wnh Yu :, cdaz zxezwcwxwh fdu wnh Em5, cdaz" adw dabs wnh vmjmajchz phuh juhmwhg wd omcawmca wnh jnmu`h ahxwumbcws exw mbzd wnh bmwwcjh ymumohwhuz phuh jnma`hg gxh wd wnh gcffhuhajh ca cdacj umgcxz ehwphha Yu :, mag Em5,! Wnh gcffhuhajh df cda umgcxz gcuhjwbs mffhjw wnh bha`wn df j/m~cz" pncjn cz wnh coyduwmaw jnmumjwhuczwcj df wnh wxa`zwha/euda{h wsyh zwuxjwxuh!

Ym`h :7

Gchbhjwucj Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw Vz Fuh}xhajs ==>    w ==6   a   m ==7    w   z   a ==5   d    J ==9   j    c   u =9>    w   j =96   h    b   h =97    c    G

Zmoybh = Zmoybh 5

=95 =99 =99

=999

=9999

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Fuh}xhajs .ca N{#

Fc`xuh 7!5; Gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw df zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs

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   w   a ==7   m    w   z ==5   a   d ==9    J =9>   j    c   u =96    w   j   h =97    b   h    c =95    G

=99 N{ = LN{ =9 L N{ =99 L N{ = O N{

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08

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Whoyhumwxuh .ca J#

Fc`xuh 7!:; Vmucmwcda df gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw df zmoybh = mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh mw

fcvh gcffhuhaw fuh}xhajchz Ym`h :8

Gchbhjwucj Gchbhjwucj Jdaz wmaw Vz Whoyhumwxuh =58    w =59   a   m    w   z ==8   a   d ==9    J   j    c   u =98    w   j   h =99    b   h    c    G 38

=99 N{ = LN{ =9 L N{ =99 L N{ = O N{

39 58

08

=58

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Whoyhumwxuh .ca J#

Fc`xuh 7!7; Vmucmwcda df gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw df zmoybh 5 mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh mw fcvh

gcffhuhaw fuh}xhajchz 7!:!5 Bdzz Wma`haw

Fc`xuh 7!8 zndpz wnh vmucmwcda df bdzz wma`haw .wmaη# mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs fdu edwn wnh zmoybhz! Bdzz wma`haw Vz Fuh}xhajs 9!9=> 9!9=6 9!9=7    w   a   h   `   a   m    W   z   z   d    B

9!9=5 9!9= 9!99> 9!996

Zmoybh = Zmoybh 5

9!997 9!995 9 /9!995=99

=999 =9999 =99999 Fuh}xhajs .ca N{#

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Fc`xuh 7!8; Vmucmwcda df bdzz wma`haw .wmaη# mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs fdu edwn zmoybhz

Ym`h :6

Omas fmjwduz phuh ehbchvhg wd mffhjw wnh ocjudpmvh gchbhjwucj bdzz .bdzz wma`haw# mag jdxbg eh gcvcghg cawd wpd fchbgz" wnh cawucazcj mag h~wucazcj bdzzhz! Wnh cawucazcj bdzzhz phuh omcabs jmxzhg es bmwwcjh vmucmwcda odghz pncbh wnh h~wucazcj bdzzhz phuh gdocamwhg es zhjdag  ynmzhz" d~s`ha vmjmajchz" `umca zc{hz mag ghazcfcjmwcda du ydudzcws! Fc`xuhz 7!6 mag 7!0 zndp wnh vmucmwcda df bdzz wma`haw mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh .uddo whoy! wd 599 9J# mw fcvh fuh}xhajchz . =99 N{" = LN{" =9 LN{" =99 LN{ mag =ON{# fdu zmoybh = mag 5 uhzyhj uhzyhjwcv wcvhbs hbs!! Cw cz dezhuvhg dezhuvhg wnmw wnh vmucmwc vmucmwcda da df bdzz bdzz wma`ha wma`haww pcwn pcwn whoyhum whoyhumwxu wxuhh fdu m  ymuwcjxbmu zmoybh cz adw bcahmu! Bdzz Wma`haw Vz Whoyhumwxuh 9!97 9!9:8    w 9!9:   a   h   ` 9!958   a   m 9!95    W   z 9!9=8   z   d    B 9!9=

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Whoyhumwxuh .ca J#

Fc`xuh 7!6; Vmucmwcda df Bdzz wma`haw .wmaη# mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh fdu zmoybh =!

Ym`h :0

Bdzz Wma`haw Vz Whoyhumwxuh 9!9:8 9!9:    w   a 9!958   h   `   a 9!95   m    W   z 9!9=8   z   d    B 9!9=

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Whoyhumwxuh .ca J#

Fc`xuh 7!0; Vmucmwcda df Bdzz wma`haw .wmaη# mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh fdu zmoybh 5!

7!:!: MJ Jdagxjwcvcws

MJ jdagxjwcvcws .ϊ# cz ghucvhg fudo wnh gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw mag bdzz wma`haw xzca` wnh fdbbdpca` uhbmwcda; ϊ ? θ9σwmaη ? θ''θ9σ pnhuh" θ9 .>!>87+=9/=5 F$o# cz wnh yhuocwwcvcws df fuhh zymjh mag σ .?5ωf# cz wnh ma`xbmu  fuh}xhajs! Wnh ybdwz fdu mj jdagxjwcvcws df zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz muh zndpa ca fc`xuh 7!> mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs mw uddo whoyhumwxuh! Vhus bdp jdagxjwcvcws nmz ehha dezhuvhg fdu wnh yuhymuhg zmoybhz! Cw emzcjmbbs ghjuhmzhg pcwn cajuhmzh ca Yu jdawhawz" exw cajuhmzhg pcwn fuh}xhajs!

Ym`h :>

Mjwxmbbs" wnh gchbhjwucj jdagxjwcvcws .ϊ# zxoz dvhu mbb wnh gczzcymwcvh hffhjwz df wnh omwhucmb! Jdagxjwcvcws oc`nw nmvh duc`camwhg jmxzhg es oc`umwca` jnmu`h jmuuchuz mag cw oms mbzd uhfh uhfhuu wd ma hahu hahu`s `s bdzz bdzz mzzd mzzdjc jcmw mwhg hg pcwn pcwn wnh wnh gczy gczyhu huzc zcda da df θ'" θ'" fdu fdu h~mo h~moyb ybh" h" wnh wnh fucj fucjwc wcda da mjjdoymasca` wnh duchawmwcda df gcydbhz! Mbzd" wnh ghfhjw jhawuhz mag coyxucwchz jdxbg jdawucexwh wd wnh jdagxjwcvcws pncjn muh `hahumbbs umagdobs gczwucexwhg ca gchbhjwucjz! Oduhdvhu" wnh h~jhzz hbhj hbhjwu wudaz daz du h~jhz h~jhzzz ndbhz ndbhz gxh gxh wd wnhc wnhcuu cawh cawhum umjw jwcd cdaa pcwn pcwn bmww bmwwcj cjhh cdaz cdaz `hahu `hahumb mbbs bs gczw gczwduw duw wnh wnh zxuudxagca`z ca zxjn m pms wnmw wnh ydwhawcmb phbb wnhuhes `hahumwhg cz ghhy hadx`n wd cawudgxjh bdjmbc{mwcda bhmgca` wd wnh h~czwhajh df jdagxjwcda! Ad gdxew" cwz vmbxh uhomcaz vhus bdp ca wnh jmzh df gchbhjwucjz exw cw gdhz h~czw!

MJ Jdagxjwcvcws Vz Fuh}xhajs :!89H/93

   #   o   j :!99H/93    $   d    n 5!89H/93    O    .   s 5!99H/93    w    c   v    c    w   j =!89H/93   x    g   a =!99H/93   d    J    J 8!99H/=9    M

Zmoybh = Zmoybh 5

9!99H,99 =99

=999 =9999 =99999 Fuh}xhajs .ca N{#

=999999

Fc`xuh 7!>; Vmucmwcda df MJ Jdagxjwcvcws pcwn fuh}xhajs mw uddo whoyhumwxuh

Ym`h :3

Jnmywhu 8 JDAJBXZCDAZ

=!

Uhzxbwz Uhzxbwz dewmca dewmcahg hg fudo ^/ums ^/ums gcffumj gcffumjwcd wcdaa ydpghu ydpghu ymwwhu ymwwhuaz az df emucxo emucxo yumzhdgs yumzhdgsocx ocxo o wcwm wcwmamw amwhh jdafc jdafcuo uozz wnh wnh fduom fduomwc wcda da df wxa`z wxa`zwh whaa euda{ euda{hh wsyh wsyh jusz juszwm wmbb zwuxj zwuxjwx wxuh uh pcwn pcwn duwndundoecj zsoohwus!

5!

Gchbhj Gchbhjwuc wucjj jdazwm jdazwmaw aw .θ'# mz m fxajwcd fxajwcdaa df fuh}xhaj fuh}xhajss mw uddo whoyhumw whoyhumwxuh xuh ghjuhmz ghjuhmzhz hz fdu  cajuhmzca` Yu jdawhawz fdu zmoybh = mag 5!

:!

Bdzz wma`haw ghjuhmzhz pcwn cajuhmzca` cajuhmzca` Yu jdawhaw jdawhaw bcahmubs mz m fxajwcda df fuh}xhajs fuh}xhajs fudo =99 N{ wd = ON{!

7!

Vhus bdp MJ jdagxjwcvcws nmz ehha dezhuvhg fdu wnh yuhymuhg zmoybhz! Cw emzcjmbbs ghjuhmzhg pcwn jdoydzcwcda" exw cajuhmzhg bcahmubs pcwn fuh}xhajs!

8!

Vmucmwcdaz df gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh mw gcffhuhaw fuh}xhajchz" =99 N{" = LN{" =9 LN{" =99 LN{ mag =ON{" muh cavhzwc`mwhg mag cw cz fdxag wnmw vmucmwcda ca gchbhjwucj jdazwmaw mz m fxajwcda df whoyhumwxuh ghjuhmzhz pcwn cajuhmzh ca Yu jdawhawz!

6!

Cw jma eh hmzcbs jdajbxghg wnmw uhmzdamebs `ddg gchbhjwucj gchbhjwucj yudyhuwchz yudyhuwchz nmvh ehha dewmcahg dewmcahg fdu wnh wpd zsawnhzc{hg zmoybhz mag jdxbg eh xzhg ca pcuhbhzz jdooxacjmwcda!

Ym`h 79