Mesin Stirling

$$%#%$&# &%&&!#&

%&$!&%#%  $

$%# $%%! 

 !&&  ,9,70,,3,8,,

0,8,390,8073907/03,7/2,8,7,,99039,31,9,-,, 90,9 07,/788 0307 ,9,: /,,2 89, ,83 0307 .788 &8,,:8,, ,3 90, /,:,3 :39: 2003,5 ,3, /,,2 50302,9,3 0307 90, -,3, /,:,3 3,2:3 2,8  -0:2 .::5 :39: 20302,9 503:3,,3 0307 /,,2 080,7,3 2,3:8, /,  -0-07,5, , ,3 -0:2 /5,3/,3 :39: 20::/,3 02,9 0307 ,,7 /,5,9 203:7,3 /,25,7883/,,2 ,3503:8,,3 0- 203:8:805,/,,,9  50343;0780307

07-,, .,7, 43;078/,7 -07-,,-,,3,9,: 0307:39: 203,8,3 0307,3 ,3-07:3,:39:0,38:3,3/:5,3,5,3,3/03,3-,,,39/,80/9 90, /,:,3 %,35, 203,/,7, 90780-:9 5020739, -0:2 202,3/,3 ,9073,91 ,3 :39: 20302,9 -,, /,3 203/,5,9 0:39:3,3 0- 8079, /,5,9 20302,9  503:3,,30307

$,, 8,9: 84:8 /,7 5072,8,,,3 3 ,/,, 503:3,,3 2083 8973 :39: /:3,,380-,,8:2-0703072:/,5,,8079,018030838973203:3,,3 1:/, 07, :/,7,,9,:,8803,9/, 202-:9:,3502,,,3 /,3, ,3 -,3, !074/0 07,3, 5:3 /,5,9 -079,,3 ,2, 80, 5079,2, , /902:,3 8:/, /,5,9  -079,,380,2,9,:3,38090,/02-,3,308338,3,9.4.4/:3,,3 :39:502-,398977:2,,3&39:20::/,393/,02,9030720838973 .4.4:39:/02-,3,3

02,3,9,7-0,,390780-:9803,/5,3/,3507:9:8,33202-,,89039,3 20838973

 #:2:8,3,8,,

07/,8,7,3 ,9,7 -0,,3 2,8,, 90780-:9 2,, /,5,9 /7:2:8,3 2,8,, 80-,,  -07:9  5,9:20838973  ,,2,3,5738507,20838973  5,8,,00-,3/,30:7,3,320838973  03,5,2083$973 207:5,,3 8,, 8,9: ,9073,91 /,,2 20::/,3,3, 02,90307 %::,3!03:8,3

%::,3503:8,32,,,3,/,,  03/08758,32083897380,7,/,32,31,,93,  030,8,35738507,07,20838973  0331472,8,300-,3/,30:7,3,3/,,2203:3,,320838973  03,25,,3 ,,8,3 2083 $973 207:5,,3 8,, 8,9: ,9073,91 /,,2 20::/,3,3,02,90307 ,9,8,3,8,,

!02-,,8,39039,3208389738,3,9-,3, /,3 ,,3 202,,3,9:,3 ,2, 2,, /,7 9: 503:8 ,,3 202-,,8 2083 8973 /,,2 3:5 503:3,,3 5,/,  502-,39897507:2,,3

  %3,:,3&2:2083$973

0838973//0138,380-,,2083700307,8:/,7,5,3,88:89079:9:5,,2 43908 3 8:8 9079:9:5 -07,79 -,, 1:/, 07,3, ,9: :/,7, ,9,: ,8 0:2 /7403 397403 209,34 /,3 80-,,3, 80.,7, 5072,303 907:7:3 / /,,2 2083 083 3 -007, -07/,8,7,3 57385 5070/,7,3 90724/3,2, 24947 :/,7,  5,3,8 /902:,3 5,/, 9,:3  40 #4-079 $973 2,24.$49,3/, !,/, 2083 8973 ,8 ,3, /8:8:9,3 /,3 02:/,3 /02-,3,3 /03,3 502,3,8,3 /,7:,7 $0, ,,02:3.:,3 20838973 202705:9,8 07,,3-,/,3 2,8, 07, ,3 ,2, ,9: 0- /,7  9,:3 083 3 -007, /03,3 :/,7, 5,3,8 49,7 2,.30 /03, ,703, /,, 07, ,3 2:/, 02,25:,3 203:3,,3 -07-,,  038 -,,3 -,,7 !,/, 5079,3,,3 ,-,/ 0 ::7,33, 8,3,9 -08,7 3,2:3 /,, 0:,7,33, 4:95:9  0./,3,7,3;089,83,932,, $005,8 9: -,, 4507,83, 703/, 2,, 2083 $973 /,5,8,3 :39: 2083 903,, :,5 0:7,3,33, /,,2 0.03/07:3,3 ,, 4507,8 ,5,-, 0,9 07 0,/  907,:5,3,890,/,9,88090,5070,,8,,3:,3,3/,5,9203.0,5,3,80- 8079,,2,35,/,2083/03,3/,,703/,  ,2:3 503025:73,,3 9:-0:2 2,25: 2033,9,3 /,, 8,3 2083 3 907,/,5 20832083502-,,7,339073,,33,,390,-072:3.:,3/5,8,7,35,/,,9: 90780-:9,3,7,3,,:0-2:7, !0302:,3-,7: -,,9,,3,7,9   89,308889 00 /,3 -0702-,33, 50309,:,35,/, 2083 90724/3,2 ,3 42508 203,, 902:,3 20832083 -,7: 2030,3 /,3808:/,507,3/:3,008,32083:/,7,5,3,8,3/8025:73,,3/03,3  -4-49703/,/,3 ,7, ,3 0- 2:7,43897:8/,3 4507,83, ,3 2:/,/,3 ,3 0- 50393 , ,/,, ;,7,8 -,,3 -,,73, ,3 909,5 9/, -07:-, -8, /03,3 :/,7, ,9,:5:3 ,8 74383, -0-07,5, 30,7, 2,: :897: 9/, 9079,7 203:3,,3 88902 2083 ,3 8,3,9 80/07,3, 3 805079 5,/, 88902 502-,39 /,,8977:2,,3

$9:,8 3 -07:-, 5,/, 9,:3 

8090, &$ ,03 $ :39: -,39:,3

 50302-,3,3 39073,843, 203/,3, 50302-,3,3 2083 $973 :39: 0,7,  -0702-,3/2:, /,7,3,/08 ,783, -07,, 57485050302-,3,3 /,3  502,31,,9,3 2083 $973 :39: 0,7, -0702-,3 ,33, / 17, 8, /,3 207, ,93 80-,, 8,, 8,9: 84:8 2083 ,3 2:7, /,3 02,9 0307 /03,3 203:3,,31:/,07,:/,7,,9,:,8 083 $973 0307,8 -,7: 3 ,: 0- :,9 01803 9/, -078 2:/,  503:3,,33, /,3 202 /,, 9,,3 0- 93 8079, 2:/, /574/:8 80.,7, 2,88, 03820838973502-,39897,3.4.4/:3,,3/507:2,,3,/,,

  700

 ! 8943  9 073,947 330 ,3 /07,,3 /03,3 -,39:,3 903,, 8:7, 2,9,,7 ,5,89,8/,,203.,5,,3/,5,9/:3,,3:39:203:5,897:39: 7:2, -07::7,3 80/,3 03,3 -,, 4507,843, 703/, /,3 /,5,9 -007, 80.,7, 2,82,2083$973207:5,,384:8-,30,7,-0702-,38050793/4308,

 !738507,083$973

!,/, 2083 $973 907,/ 502,3,8,3 /,7 :,7 $0-:, 700307,947 202:33,3  5,3,8 ,3 /,8,3 /825,3 / /,,23, 80/,3 ,8 50307, 2,8: 0 7:,3 /33/,3,,3/05,8,38,,902-,07:,3,3085,385,3,8%03,,907,/5,/, 902507,9:7 93 /,3 4389,3 8,3,9 /0, :39: 809,5 2083 425708 907,/ 5,/, 902507,9:7 703/, /,3 ,257 9/, ,/, 0307 5,3,8 ,3 ,3 %03,, ,3 /,8,3 ,/,, ,-,9 507-0/,,3 ,39,7, 50302-,3,3 ,8-07902507,9:7 93 /,3 425708,8-07902507,9:7703/, 083 3 /,5,9 202-,,7 809,5 -,,3 -,,7 5,/,9 84/,9,:.,7,3 80-,, 8:2-07  502,3,8,33, , 3 2030-,-,3 2083 8973 8,3,9 203,7 :8:83, 5,/, 89:,8 /2,3, -,,3 -,,7 43;03843, 8,,9 3 8,3,9 2,, /,3 8:9 :39: 202507403, 0-07,5, 038 2083 $973  80,3 /02,3 01091 :, 8,3,9 2:/, 502-:,9,33,803, 203,/ 5,3 ,3 907-, :39: 88902 502-,39 897/-0-07,5,30,7,-0702-,3



00-,3/,30:7,3,3083$973

$09,5 -03/, 5,89 202 00-,3 /,3 0:7,3,3 9/, 9070.:, 2083$973 07:9,,3/5,5,7,300-,32083$973,,80-,,-07:9  70:0383,89,-4389,3  083 $973 /,5,9 -007, /03,3 80,, 8:2-07 0307 5,3,8 9072,8: -,,3 2, 83,78:7, 84,72-, 5079,3,3 80,29025:7:3 0,5, ,: -,,7  -07-,,574/:23,-,,7-42,88,-41:0/,380-,,3,5,3,8-:2/,3 3:7  02:33,32502039,82083$973-,3,80,  !07-0/,,3 ,3 203.44 5,/, 549038 503:3,,3 8:2-07 5,3,8 $973 0- 2:/,8:,7,20830-903,3/,3-,,507,,9,3703/,  ,, .,59,507 :39 /,, $ /,5,9 /90,3 0- 703/,/-,3/3,3 /03,3 2083 502-,,7,3 39073, :39: /,, ,3 8,2, 2,, -,, 3;089,8 2083 $973:39:8,,9 3:2:23, 2,80--08,7 8079,507,,9,33,0- 2:/, /,3 043428 $0.,7, 2030:7: -,, 03073, /,5,9 -078,3 09,9 18038  5,3,83,:,-072-,3:39:20830.-078,7,39,7,03,3-,88  -,, 3;089,8 507 :39 /,, / ,9,8 :39: :39 0307,947 /03,3 ,5,89,88,25, /03,32083$973,7,3,44250991 083 $973 %03,, $:7, 203:3,,3 903,, 8:7, 80-,, 502-,39 0307 -,,3 -,,7 !7385 07,3, -07/,8,7,3 57385 5070/,7,3 90724/3,2, 24947 :/,7, 5,3,8 ,/ 5,/, 2083 $973 ,8 ,3, /8:8:9,3 /,3 02:/,3 /02-,3,3 /03,3 502,3,8,3 /,7 :,7 $0-,,2,3, 9, 09,: -,, 903,, 8:7,9072,8: 8:2-07 /,, ,3 9/, ,-85,3043428 /,3 2:/,//,5,9,3 ,3 , 3 207:5,,3 3, 0- /,7 2083 $973 $03, 2083 $973 903,, 8:7,207:5,,38,,8,9:/,7038208302,90307 0:7,3,3 2083$973907,9/,78043897:8907,/,5-,,,/,,5,/,88902  5,7,-4, 80-,, 7010947 83,7 8:7, ,3 90714:8 0 2083 8973 ,3 907:-:3 /03,3 8:,9: 0307,947 897 ,3 ,2 9, 09,: ,/,, 573,3 7010947 83,7  5,/,5,7,-4, -,8,3,/-:,9 /,7 -,,3,3202,39:,3 83,7805079,.,,9,:5:3  50,94,2 /03,35072:,,3 203,9  &39: ::7,35,7,-4, ,3 0.9039:3, 9/,-,3,2,8,,,392-:/,32:332,8-8,/90,3-,,502-:,9,33,

 ,2:3 -, /507:,3 8:,9: ::7,3 ,3 0- -08,7 80-,, .4394 0- /,7  209075,89,,32030,3-,,574/:8,30-2,,/,39/,043428  083$973,/,,9073,91/,,202,9307

0,8,390,907,/8:,9:0,/,,3-,,5,84,3030720358//:3,,9,3 90, 203/:3, 803, -0-07,5, 30,7, ,7:8 80007, 203,,3,3 5747,2 :39: 203,9,85072,8,,,3-08,790780-:9,3,,9073,91,3-8,/,:,3909,5,/,  -0-07,5,,,3507:/,80-0:2202,9073,919:,9:  00-,3,9073,9190780-:9/-,3/3,3,3  0:7,3,3,9073,919:  ,25,30,91,9073,91907,/,50/:5,3  ,,/,,220::/,3,9073,919: 25,9,/,9,8,3,,80-,,3/,7-,3,,850,3507::39:/50792-,3,3 /,,2202,3,,3905,9:39:202:,8:,9:507:-,,3-08,7 ,8,, ,3 -07,9,3 /03,3 2,8,, 50302,9,3 0307 ,/,, 503:3,,3 ,,9  50343;0780307897,3/:3,,3$,3,9,-,3,5027,3-,,802,3 93 -,, 4507,843, 8:,9: -,7,3 2,, 802,3 -, :, 2,31,,93,!078058 3 8,,,,380,7:83,/50792-,3,3,/,,2,31,,9-08,7,3/,5,9/,2-/,7  -03/, 90780-:9 /03,3 ,3, 2030:,7,3 -,, -, -,, :9,2, /,3 -,, 4507,843, !,/,08025,9,33503:8202-,,89039,3502-,39897,3.4.4/:3,,3 :39: 30,7, 3/4308, $073 907/03,7 -,, 3/4308, 80/,3 203:8,,,3  503,9,8,32,8,,78803075,7,,5:3-07:8,,:39:203.,7,,30:,7/,7  5072,8,,,3 3 ,3 8,,9 3 90, /50792-,3,3 502-,39 897 903,, 3:7 ,3 9,09,: -078,2,202 /,25,30,91,39/,80/9 ,, -08,7 /,3 202-:9:,3,,3,3:,8 07-0/,/03,32083$973%03,,$:7,,3/,3,980-,,902,5,/,9:8,33 $:/,/,5,9907,9/,73,2,3,-,,502-,393203:3,,30307,39/, 202,,3-,, 8,2, 80, /,39/, 8:9 :39: //,5,9,3 ,5,, /3/4308, ,3 207:5,,3 30,7, -07297458 0307 90780-:9 ,/,, 9 03,  , 8:7,&39: 202-:,9 2083 $973 , /-,3/3,3 /03,3 502-,39 897 ,3 -,, ,3 ,3

/:3,,3 :39: 502-:,9,3 /,3 507,,9,3 2083 $973 :2:23, 0- 80/9 /,7  5,/, -0-07,5, 502-,39 897 ,3 %07/,5,9 :, 502-,39 897 ,3 -,,3, 0- 80/9 /,7 -,, 2083$973 903,, 8:7, 3 3,2:3 907/,5,9 03/,, 5,/,  -,,3-,,7,9,:5:3 ,5,,3/:33,,3:39:2034507,8,3502-,399:8079,  -,,3-,,7,3/:3,,3 %0, /-,,8 40 503:80307 ,3 /:3,,3 /,3 1:/, 07, 5,/, 2083$973 ,3 8,3,9 2:/, //,5,9,3 &39: 50302,9,3 /,3, :39: 202574/:8  502-,393:,/,5,9 /::/,3!74/:8 2,88,/,7502-,393:897:0- 2:/,/,3907/,5,95:,00-,3,3,390,/-,,85,/,9:8,33 !02,3 4,8 :39: 502-:,9,3 2083 3 :, 9/,, 907,: 8:9 :39: 203/,5,9,38:5,03078:7,/,5,9/:3,,3889025,7,-4,80-,,701094783,7 8:7,,380,3:93,,,3,38:3/:3,,3402083$973,98050793,,3  -071:38 2,,82, , 7010947 802,3 -08,7 ,2:3 9: ,,3 202,,3 -,3, ,,3 ,2:3 80,7,3 90, /902:,3 7010947 83,7 8:7, ,3 9/, -07,9 9,,3 907,/,5,33 /,3507:-,,3 .:,., 40 8047,32:,3/,7 072,3,7,9!741/7 ,3803,.907/709:7423$4,72-/477,.,/03,392,3907/7 ,9,8-0-07,5,383:7/,343897:947202-:,9701094773,3/,702-,7,3802,.,2  5,89 ,3 /,58 /03,3 4,2 ,3 73,3 /,3 2,25: 202,39:,3  83,7 8:7,,3 /,9,3&39:203/:3 /,7 9075,,3:,3/,3 ,33 , 202-:,980-:, :-,902-:85,3/,3,3-8,200,9,383,7,783,78:7,,3/,9,3 809/,3,,,38,25,099-,077010.947

 !&%&!  $25:,3

,7502-,,8,3/,,22,,,3/,5,9/9,7-0-07,5,0825::,3,9:  ,,2202,9073,91503,9,8,32,8,,7880307907/,5,9,,,3,7:8 /50792-,3,3 9070-/,::/,3 2083$9730- 20203:8 80-,, -,,3  50792-,3,3  083$973:39:8,,93207:5,,38,,8,9:,9073,91,38,3,9203/::3 :39:/:3,,3:39:574/:502-,39897507:2,,3  &39: 202 502-,39 897 9/, ,7:8 2,, 909,5 ,7:8 202:3, 0-  -,3,0:39:3,3/,32083$97320203:-0-07,5,0:39:3,3,33,9,

 $,7,3

07/,8,7,3502-,,8,3/,9,88,7,3,3/,5,9503:88,25,,3,9:  $08:,

50792-,3,3

9039,3

2083

$973

503:8

203,7,3,3

:39:

203:3,,33,  :3,,3, 2083$973903,, 8:7, 80-,,502-,39 897:39:/:3,,3 /3:3,3507:2,,3/3/4308,

%#!&$%

,9,%, :: !:3:39:3 07-,, 8, /,3$ , 89 7 ,3/4308,7,13/4,,79, /9,  083$ 9  73  330(%0780/, 995,/9,47/57088.4220838973 043/$!  083$ 9  73%03,  ,$ :7,330(%0780/, 99542033/4-48549.422083897392