Int. In t. J. Ad Adv. v. Re Res. s. Bi Biol ol.. Sc Sci. i. 2( 2(10 10): ): (2 (201 015) 5):: 14 145 5 – 148 148
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: ISS N: 234 2348-8 8-8069 069
www.ijarbs.com Coden: IJARQG(USA) Review Rev iew Art Articl iclee Medicinal benefits of Minor millets 1
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*Chinnappan Ravinder Singh , Subburaju Udhaya Kumar and Thangavel Govindan 1
Department of Botany, Sri Kaliswari College, Sivakasi-626 130, Tamil Nadu, India. PG & Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, C.Mutlure, Chidambaram-608 102, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author:
[email protected]
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Abstract Diseases exist in almost all kind of population with prevalence among the ethnic groups and geographical areas. Recently, number of research is leaving particularly on major diseases like diabetes and cancer. Minor millets are an important traditional food with tremendous nutritional and medicinal application but, less concern about the importance of minor millets among the people. This review focused on to evaluate the medicinal efficacy of minor millets for document document a good reference for further research on minor millets to develop the novel drugs for healthy society. Keywords:: Millets, Nutrition, Medicinal importance, Diseases. Keywords
Introduction it retains the growth of physical and immune system. This is a common problem faced by almost all the developing countries (Kipkoriony Rutto, 2012). In African countries like Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, minor millets plays a major role and more than 40% of their their food food syst system em occu occupie pied d by minor minor millet milletss (Basavaraj et al., 2010). Minor millets not only have nutritional value but also tremendous medicinal uses. It is used in the treatment of difference diseases like Cancer, Cancer, Leprosy Leprosy,, and Pneumonia Pneumonia etc., (Khouloud (Khouloud Bachae, et al., 2013). Dietary regulation and monitoring is a major component to avoid further disease complication. Minor millets are very good source of variety of health improving important nutrients. Hence the review revealed that the finding of health benefits of minor millets.
Life of Homo depend nds on their nutrition are Homo sapiens is depe obtained from food. According to the habitat of food crops, food habit may vary from region to region. In future there may be an acute shortage of food crops, due to diverse reason, which includes natural calamity and rapid growth of human population etc., and this may leads to the unhealthy society. (Manju and Paul Khurana, Khurana, 2014). 2014). Minor millets are small coarse of grains belonging to the group of forage grass called millet (Weber 1998), belongs to the family poaceae; most of the genera belongs to the sub-family panicoideae, that can grown in extreme ecological conditions (Seetharam et al., 1989). According to the archaeological and genetic studies most of the millets had their origin in the wide region of Asia and Africa (De, 1989; Dogget, 1989; Sakamoto, 1992; Weber, 1998). Minor crops are the best source of micronutrients; the bran layer of millets also consists of B-complex vitamins and rich in micronutrients. Even millets are rich in fiber content it has the capabilit capability y to digest digest easily. easily. There may be an enormous amount of fat present in the millet rather than the fatty acid (Daniel et al., 2012). Deficiency of micronutrients leads ads to several health problems,
Medicinal importance of Minor millets India occupy the first position in major production of minor millets, but we have less aware of their importance and its nutritional property (Ahmed et al., 2013). Millets are highly nutritious and has antioxidant properties which provide balanced nutr nutrit itio ion n ( Vand Vandan anaa Mis Misra ra et al. al.,, 2014 2014). ). Pear Pearll mil mille lett 145
Int. In t. J. Ad Adv. v. Re Res. s. Bi Biol ol.. Sc Sci. i. 2( 2(10 10): ): (2 (201 015) 5):: 14 145 5 – 148 148
consists of secondary metabolites like tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenol and steroids. Based on its pharmacological properties, it can cure several health problems like cancer, diarrhea and cardiova cardiovascula scularr diseases diseases (Hellen (Hellen Mueni Ndiku Ndiku and Hellen Mueni Ndiku and Mutuku Chrispus Ngule, 2015). Also finger millet is considered as one of most important minor millet, due to its high nutritional
content which includes calcium, iron, magnesium, potass potassiu ium, m, zinc zinc (Sonia (Sonia PlazaPlaza-Wut Wutric rich h et al., al., 2012). 2012). Calcium present in the finger millet is higher than the other nutrients and when compared to rice, finger millet is rich in protein, iron content and other medicinal medicinal properties properties (Singh (Singh and Raghuvansh Raghuvanshi, i, 2012) 2012) which have been presented in the table 1.
Table.1 Medicinal importance of minor millets S.No
Year
Name of tth he Minor Millet
Biological Activity
1
2010
Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica )
2
2011
coracanda) Finger millet ( Eleusine coracanda
3
2012
Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana)
4
2012
Finger millet ( Eleusine coracanda coracanda)
5
2012
Kodo millet ( Paspalum scrobiculatum )
6
2013
Little millet ( Wheat semoline )
7
2013
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum )
8
2013
Banyard millet ( Echinochola Echinochola frumentacea frumentacea)
9
2013
Finger millet ( Eleusine coracanda coracanda)
10
2014
Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum )
146
Reference
Type-2 diabetes
Anju Thathola et al., 2010
Diabetes
Ryan et al., 2011.
Maintain body temperature during rainy rainy season season.. Cardiovascular disease, Colon cancer, constipation, Diverticulosis, wound healing.
Pragya Singh and Rita Singh., 2011.
Mathanghi Mathanghi et al., al., 2012. 2012.
Severity of asthuma, migraine attacks, reduce high blood pressure, diabetic, Heart Heart diseas disease, e, atherosclerosis and heart attack.
Veenu Verma and Patel., 2012.
Diabetes
Sunanda Itagi et al., 2013
Neuro -degenerat -degenerative ive disorder, Diabetes mellitus, Nephritis, Rheumatism, Alzhiemer disease, Cataracts, Cardiovascular disease, Acute liver toxicity and DNA damage. Diabetes mellitus, obesity,hyperlipidemia. Ascaris, folk remedy for leprosy, and liver disease. Cancer, cardio vascular disease,reducing tumor incidence, lowering blood pressure.
Odusola., 2013.
Surekha Surekha et al., 2013 Khouloud et al., 2013.
Azhari et al., 2014.
Int. In t. J. Ad Adv. v. Re Res. s. Bi Biol ol.. Sc Sci. i. 2( 2(10 10): ): (2 (201 015) 5):: 14 145 5 – 148 148
11
2014
12
2014
13
2014
14
2015
Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum )
Gastrointestinal disease, and Ulser
15
2015
Finger millet ( Eleusine cora canda)
Cancer, diabetes.
Ethiopian finger millets Eeleusine cora canda) ( Eeleusine
Diabetes, Blood pressure, Anemia, stomach cancer, Alzheimer.
Finger millet ( Eleusine cora canda)
Cancer
Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum )
Diabetes
Proso millet( Panicum miliare )
Liver disease
Japanese Banyard millet ( Echinochola Echinochola escuenta)
Tumor necrosis.
Indian Banyard millet Echinochola frumentaceae frumentaceae) ( Echinochola
Diabetes
16
17
2015
2015
Finger millet ( Eleusine cora canda)
Diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract disorder. Coronary heart disease, Diabetes.
Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum ) Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum )
Diabetes
Gull et al ., 2014 Vandana Mishra et al., 2014 Manju and Paul Khurana, 2014 Hellen Mueni Ndiku and Mutuku Chrispus Ngule.,(2015). Abdullahi Abubakar et al., 2015. Tsegaye Birhanu et al ., 2015
Travis Travis and Manish, Manish, 2015.
Conclusion Tough it has the high fiber, fiber, nutritional and medicinal medicinal properties it has less attention among the farmer and public. In recent years, formers are focusing only the major crops not the minor. But micronutrient is important for the balanced diet. Micronutrients deficiency leads to number of health related problems. Minor millets are the best source for nutrients and medicine, but the minor millets are considered as poor millets and it has less attention. We discussed the medicinal importance about the minor millets of various researches. Hence we suggested through this review that there is an urgent need to have more attention and consideration on minor millets to avoid various health problems for developing healthy society.
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