JICA Assisted Assist ed
AGRA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT (ID-P185)
Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam NJS Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan In Association with
Mott MacDonald, UK TCE Consulting Engineers, India Shah Technical Consultants Pvt. Ltd, India
144 MLD WA WATER TREA TREATMEN TMENT T PLANT PLANT PROCESS PR OCESS DESIGN
Dr. Uday Kelkar Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
144 MLD WA WATER TREA TREATMEN TMENT T PLANT PLANT PROCESS PR OCESS DESIGN
Dr. Uday Kelkar Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Outline
Yamun Yamuna a Water ater Charact Characterist eristics ics
Major ajor Iss ssue uess wi with th Yamu amuna Raw Water ater
Prod Produc uctt Water ater Crit Criter eria ia
Treat eatmen ment Proc Proces esse sess for 144 144 MLD MLD WTP WTP
MBBR MBBR Proc Proces esss
Membr Membrane ane Filtra Filtration tion
Majorr Issues Majo Issues with Raw Yamun Yamuna a Water Water Dete Deteri rior orat ated ed Qual Qualit ityy of Yamun amunaa water ater IMES against lim NH3-N as high as 40 TIMES limit < 1 mg/lit. TIMES S again BOD as high as 12 TIME insst limi imit < 3 mg/lit lit. g/litt. PRE-CHLO HLORINATON DE DEM MAND as high as 134 mg/li wh w hich is too hig igh h
Excessive Excessive chlorination is used to oxidize oxidize Ammonia which is carcinogenic. (Cancer Causing) Conventional treatment process not suitable to reduce BOD, NH3 and Nitrate from Yamuna raw water. Need eed for for a Biol Biolog ogic ical al Treatm eatmen entt Proc Proces esss
Future Population of Agra (Census of India 2001) Persons 3,000,000
2,033,000
2,500,000
2,909,000
Agra 2,000,000
1,260,000
1,500,000 1,000,000
Year
Water Demand (Agra) m3/day
Raw water demand (No pipe rehabilitation)
800,000
Raw water demand (pipe rehabilitation) 700,000
Total Capacity (New plant +WWI+WWII) 510 MLD 600,000 500,000 400,000
Existing Plants (WWI+WWII) 366 MLD
300,000
Ganga Water 340 MLD
200,000 100,000 0 2006
2011
2016
2021
Year
2026
2031
2036
Availability of Raw Water at Agra
Town
AGRA
Year
Water Demand (Cusec)
Ganga Water (Cusec)
Yamuna Water (Cusec)
% additional Yamuna Water
2006
142
140
--
0%
2011
160
140
20
12%
2016
179
140
39
22%
2021
199
140
59
30%
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF GANGA & YAMUNA RIVER WATER QUALITY Data of Year 2005
Sl. No.
Particular
1
pH
2
Chloride
3
Permissible Limit as per CPCB & BIS
Ganga Water at Mathura (Mat Branch)
Yamuna River at Agra
6.5 – 8.5
8.75
7.1-8.28
600
16
264
Total Hardness 4
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
5
Chlorine Demand
6
122
356
2000
190
250-1420
-
1.00
23.50
DO
>4.0
9.60
0-8.4
7
BOD
<3.0
0.60
7-26
8
COD
<10.0
5.10
27-83
9
TKN (Org N + NH3)
-
-
2.24-26.5
10
MPN, Index/100 ml
<5000
280
23000
Typical Variation of BOD5 in Yamuna Raw Water 40 Minimum
35
Maximum
30 L / 25 g m 5 20 D O B 15
10 5 0
Month
Raw Water Quality of Yamuna River at Sikandra
Adopted from Agra Jal Sansthan, Sikandra Plant
Ammonia to Chlorine Demand 160.00
140.00 Actual Cl2 Demand
120.00
) L / g m ( d n a m e D e n i r o l h C
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00 0
5
10
15
Ammonia (mg/L)
20
25
30
Product Water Criteria
Product Water Characteristics : Parameters
Units
Design Values
Flow rate
MLD
141
pH
-
7-8.5
TN
mg/L
< 10
NH3
mg/L
<2
NO3
mg/L
<40
BOD5
mg/L
<2
Turbidity
NTU
≤0.5
TSS
mg/L
<0.5
True Color
Pt/Co Scale
≤5
Total Coliform
Counts/100ml
0.0
Total Virus
Counts/100ml
0.0
for 95% time
Reliability and sustainability Technical feasibility Plant footprint Capital cost Operational cost
•
•
•
•
•
Alternative Technology Process Options Conventional Activated Sludge Process Moving Bed Bio-Reactor (MBBR)
Other Criteria Proven technology
Reliability and sustainability Plant footprint
Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) Capital cost Reverse Osmosis Process (RO) Operational cost
144 MLD AWTP Design
Treatment Processes:
Pre-Setting Tank - with Tube Setter
Fine Screen – 5 mm Auto Cleaning Screen
Moving Bed Bio-Reactor Process
Membrane Filtration
Chlorination
Water Distribution System
WW 2B CONSTRUCTION SITE
144 MLD WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT SIKANDRA Major Processes and its Use Pre-settlers Auto Cleaning Fine Screens Advance MBBR Biological Process Process Ultra Filtration process Sludge Treatment Facility Pollution Waste discharge Control routing to the river Operational Plant Automation Control using SCADA
to reduce TSS level in downstream processes to safeguard the downstream processes to reduce ammonia, Nitrate and BOD to eliminate TSS, bacteria and virus to recover water and to avoid waste sludge discharge to river to discharge waste stream to downstream side of the raw water intake It requires additional instrumentation, sensors and actuators
MBBR Salient Features
Significantly lower footprint required
Suitable for high-load applications
Simple operation
Low O&M costs No sludge re-circulation Low sludge yield
Simultaneous BOD and Nitrogen Removal
High quality effluent
MBBR for BOD & NH3 Reduction
Typical Configurations of MBBR for Nitrogen Removal
144 MLD MBBR Design Configuration
Feed
Ethanol Effluent
Biomass Carriers
Material:
HDPE (virgin or recycled)
Size:
10- 14 mm
Surface area:
500-1000 m²/m³ of carriers
Geometry:
Highly open external surface
AquaWise BioMass Carrier
Case Study for Ammonia Removal MBBR Plant - Israel NH4-N inlet (mg/l)
NH4-N outlet (mg/l)
55 50 45
] l / g m [ . c n o c N 4 H N
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
0 7 0 1 2 0 1 0
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 0
1 7 0 1 2 0 1 0
2 2 0 1 2 0 1 0
2 7 0 1 2 0 1 0
0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0
Date
0 6 0 2 2 0 1 0
1 1 0 2 2 0 1 0
1 6 0 2 2 0 1 0
Results - MBBR Pilot Plant - Florida
Influent
Design Effluent Concentration
Effluent
MBBR-UF Pilot Plant
MBBR-UF Pilot Plant – Agra WTP
Membrane Filtration MBBR
Membrane Filters
Secondary Wastewater
Membrane filters Filtration size
0.1 to 0.01 microns
TSS in filtrate
<0.5 mg/L
Status in India
Being considered
Protozoa
0 mg/L
Faecal Coliforms
< 2 / 100 ML
Removal of Bacterial Contaminants
Membrane Contaminant Removal
Giardia Lamblia & Cryptosporidiu m
Na Ion 0.00037 microns
. Water 0.0002 microns
3 to 5 microns
Viru s
Hemoglobin 0.007 microns
Reverse Osmosis
Nano
0.0001 0.001
1 micron
Ultra
0.01
Micro
0.1
1.0
10
Pore Diameter - microns
100
Hollow Fiber Configurations Immersed
Open tank configuration, loosely packed fibers for easier solids removal Low pressure, vacuum-driven operation Simpler scale-up for larger systems
Pressurized
More difficult to remove solids from confined pressure vessels, tightly packed fibers Use higher pressures as membranes become fouled Expensive pressure vessel required for each unit
Tertiary Membrane Competition
NORIT
Pall Microza
Memcor CP (USFilter)
Dow / Omexell
Memcor CS (USFilter)
Koch Hydranautics HydraCAP
Trisep Spirasep
Thank You!
Biological Treatment Aerobic Treatment (Nitrification) Biodegradation of Organic compounds (N) by Heterotrophs Release of NH3 Nitrification by Autotrophs - Production of Nitrate High O2 demand – 4.57 g O2/ g N oxidized Reduction in Alkalinity due to 2H+
Anoxic Treatment (Denitrification) Low oxygen requirement (O2<0.5 mg/L) NO3- and NO2- are reduced to N Growth of denitrifier bacteria (Anammox) is slower than aerobic nitrifiers Reduction of total nitrogen
Design Raw Water Quality of Yamuna River
Influent Water Characteristics Influent Data
Units
Minimum*
Maximum #
Design ^
Daily influent flow
MLD
144
144
144
Total BOD5
mg/L
9.6
58.0
33.8
Insoluble BOD5
mg/L
3.8
23.2
13.5
COD
mg/L
32.0
72.0
52.0
TSS
mg/L
30
500
100
Ammonia as NH3
mg/L
4.1
45.0
24.5
Nitrate as NO3
mg/L
15.8
35
25.4
Nitrite as NO2
mg/L
1.6
3.5
2.5
Total P
mg/L
-
-
1
Ortho- P
mg/L
Alkalinity TDS
1
(as CaCO3) mg/L
180 350
320 950
250 650
Agra 144 MLD Design Philosophy
Two independent systems –
MBBR for BOD and N removal
UF for TSS removal
Stable and well proven systems
Total BOD <2 mg/L in product water
Total Nitrogen <10 mg/L in product water
Total Coliform – Nil in product water
Total Virus – Nil in product water
144 MLD MBBR Design 1st
and 2nd stages – Aerobic stages for carbon and Ammonia reduction
3rd
stage – Anoxic stage for denitrification
External Carbon Source
4rd
stage – Aerobic stage for re-aeration to remove excess COD
Various Option Studied for Meeting Raw Water Demand 1. Ground Water 2. River Yamuna 3. Water from River Chambal 4. Water from lower Ganga Canal 5. Water from upper Ganga Canal
POPULATION FORECAST & REQUIREMENT OF RAW WATER Year
Population
Water Demand (mld) @(150+15%) = 172.50 lpcd
Bulk Water Demand (MLD)
Total Water Demand (MLD)
Raw Water Demand (10% wastage) In MLD
In cusec
2001
1,259,979
217
67
284
312
126
2006
1,419,980
245
75
320
352
142
2011
1,600,299
276
83
359
395
160
2016
1,803,517
311
91
402
442
179
2021
2,032,540
350
98
448
493
199
2026
2,290,647
395
105
500
550
222
2031
2,581,529
445
112
557
613
248
2036
2,909,350
502
120
622
684
276
Moving Bed Bio Reactor
S A R
Sludge Treatment
Attached growth Biological Process Media – Highly advanced Biomass Carriers Increased effective surface area Unique aeration design No need for ML recirculation
Hollow Fiber Configurations Inside-Out
Outside-In
Greater
Pre-screening
Minimal
More frequent
Cleaning Frequency
Less frequent
Harsher cleaning to clean fiber interior
Extent of Cleaning
Milder cleaning to
Irreversible internal fouling,
Fouling
shorter membrane life
clean fiber exterior Reversible external fouling, longer membrane life
MBBR/IFAS Advantages Small Footprint Cost Effective (CAPEX & OPEX)
Flexibility & Scalability
•
•
• •
•
• •
Both for new applications and upgrades especially for tertiary nitrification at lower BOD availability Lower amount of civil works needed Shorter project life cycle Lower maintenance costs (operation ) Upgrade existing plants easily Enables gradual expansion just-in-time investment Deals with inflow peaks –
Improved resistance to hydraulic shock loads • Shorter recovery time after toxic loads • Extended carriers life time
Stability & Durability
•
Environmental Friendly
•
Using recycled materials • Less land usage, scenery obstruction and odors • Less sludge
144 MLD MBBR Design Criteria Parameters
Unit
Reactor Type
Stage-1
Stage-2 Stage-3
Stage-4
Aerobic Aerobic Anoxic
Aerobic
Flow rate
m3/hr
6790
6790
6790
6790
Nitrification Rate
gNH4/m2/d
1.07
1.2
-
0.98
-
-
2.5
-
De-Nitrification Rate gNO3-N/m2/d Carrier Fill Ratio
%
50-60
50-60
25-35
25-35
Carrier Size
mm L x mm D
12 x 12
12 x 12
12 x 12
12 x 12
Hydraulic Retention
min
25
21
44
16
COD Requirement
gCOD/ gNO3-N
-
-
2.86
-
