IEC, TC 14 • IEC 60076-1, Power Transformers • IEC 60076-2, Temperature rise • IEC 60076-3, Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air • IEC 60076-18, Measurement of frequency response (SFRA)
Most standards (IEC and ANSI/IEEE) are focusing on new transformers and factory testing Workgroups in e.g. Cigré have over the years produced a lot of Technical Brochures (TB) e.g. on sweep frequency response measurements (TB342), partial discharge (TB366), dielectric response measurements (TB414) etc IEEE 62-1995 “Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors” is probably the most well-known guide for diagnostic field testing of oil filled power transformers. The guide today belong to the IEEE C57-series and last published revision is C57.152-2013
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Cigré Technical Brochure 445, 2011 Guide for Transformer Maintenance
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CIGRE TB 445 Cigré TB 445, ”Guide for Transformer Maintenance”, was published 2011 TB 445 is a comprehensive combination of education handbook, transformer encyclopedia and a guide for transformer maintenance including guidelines for how to perform measurements in the field
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TB 445 - Content
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IEEE C57.152-2013 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of FluidFilled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors
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IEEE C57-152 IEEE C57.152 “Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors”, is a revision of IEEE 62-1995 and was published 2013 IEEE C57.152 is a guide that “describes diagnostic field tests and measurements that are performed on fluid-filled power transformers and regulators” and does NOT contain general information on transformer components and transformer maintenance
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IEEE C57-152 - Content
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”Diagnostic” and ”Maintenance” test charts” IEEE C57.152
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”Diagnostic” matrix CIGRE TB445
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Differences GIGRE - IEEE
CIGRE test categories – by methods o Basic Electrical o Advanced Electrical o Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
IEEE test categories o By component o ”Event based”
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Diagnostic Technique (CIGRE)
Basic Electrical Advanced Electrical Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
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Basic Electrical
Winding Ratio Winding Resistance Magnetization (excitation) current Capacitance and DF/PF Insulation Resistance Core Ground Test
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Winding Ratio
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Winding Resistance
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Magnetization (excitation) current
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Capacitance and DF/PF
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Capacitance and DF/PF - Bushings
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Leakage Reactance
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Insulation Resistance
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Core Grounding
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Advanced Electrical
Frequency Response of Stray Losses (FRSL) Frequency Response Analysis Polarization/Depolarization Frequency Domain Spectroscopy Recovery Voltage Method Electrical Detection of PD Acoustical Detection of PD UHF Detection of PD
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Frequency Response Analysis
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Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS/DFR)
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Bushing measurements
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Summary CIGRE TB 445 TB 445 is a combination of a transformer handbook, transformer encyclopedia and application guide for transformer maintenance including guidelines for transformer field testing Lots of very good information. Details and guidelines can and will be discussed e.g. assessment data and advantages/disadvantages with different measurement methods (e.g. combined PDC-FDS combination versus true AC DFR/FDS measurements)
