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NOFSOI RÇEFGEJ
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
Ic bo io `gcfcfgbo o curo |pgncpo cbgegõf bci nofsoi rçefgej |opo ci ugurcno ejfurpsergj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦) bcucofbj qsc rjbj us ejfrcfgbj ic uco bc srgigbob w qsc o rpoçu bc çi cfescfrpc ci o|jwj w io ejfof{o bc fscurpo cn|pcuo cf usu |pjwcerju bc ejfurpseegõf&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
?« Cbgegõf
Ro`io bc ejfrcfgbj O GFAJPNOEGÕF DCFCPOI O&? \PCUCFROEGÕF &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O&0 IO CN\PCUO &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O&5 IO NSIRGFOEGJFOI &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& O&2 UGURCNO BC DCURGÕF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
O& GFAJPNOEGÕF DCFCPOI O&? \PCUCFROEGÕF Ejfucescfrc ejf iou ûirgnou rcfbcfegou ejfurpsergou cf ci nsfbj w ejnj sf o|jprc oi ucerjp bc io ejfurpseegõf) CRCPFGR¦ |pcucfro curc I O P C F C D F Õ G E O N P J A GF
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CRCPFGR EJIJN@GOFO U&O
nofsoi rçefgej bc cu|cegeoegjfcu w o|igeoegjfcu bc us iîfco bc |pjbserju |opo io Ejfurpseegõf
Iggofo cf Ucej -Bpwtoii'&
Ci |pj|õugrj bc curc nofsoi cu bop o ejfjecp
iju nçrjbju w rçefgeou ejfurpsergou) obcnïu bc
ucÿoiop us o|igeoegõf |pj`obo w ucdspo |opo io cbgeoegõf bc ggcfbou) osiou) jegfou) ejncpegju) j`pou bc uoisb) pcepcoegõf) cre& Curo |pgncpo cbgegõf curo bgpgdgbo cu|cegoincfrc o iju opqsgrcerju) gfdcfgcpju) nocurpju bc j`po)
rçefgeju ejfurpserjpcu w o rjbou oqsciiou |cpujfou qsc bc sfo s jrpo ajpno rcfdof gfrcpçu cf ciio&
CRCPFGR \OEÎAGEJ U&O
O&0 IO CN\PCUO CRCPFGR¦) cn|pcuo Ejijn`gofo epcobo bcubc ?&720 w ejf nïu bc 13 oÿju bc c}|cpgcfego cf io ao`pgeoegõf bc |pjbserju bc `pjecncfrj) mo bcbgeobj usu cuascp{ju cf `sueo bc nckjpcu
ujisegjfcu ejfurpsergou cf ci oecicpobj |pjecuj bc sp`ofg{oegõf qsc c}|cpgncfro fscurpj |oîu&
Nou bc 5<< ngiijfcu bc ncrpju esobpobju es`gcprju ejf rckou crcpfgr) oipcbcbjp bc ? ngiiõf
w ncbgj bc ggcfbou ucpgbou ejf usu rofqscu
w ecpeo bc 2<&<<< hgiõncrpju bc rs`cpîo bc oescbserj w oieofropgiiobj o ij iopdj w ofemj bc
us rcppgrjpgj foegjfoi ujf oidsfju bc usu o|jprcu& CRCPFGR¦ escfro ejf 5 aï`pgeou s`geobou cf iou egsbobcu bc @jdjrï) @oppofqsgiio w Eoig
CRCPFGR ORIÏFRGEJ U&O
qsc moecf |jug`ic fscurpo |pcucfego cf rjbj ci
rcppgrjpgj foegjfoi o rpoçu bc sfo fsrpgbo pcb
bc Bgurpg`sgbjpcu& Ouî ngunj) mo gfespugjfobj c}grjuoncfrc cf iju ncpeobju cegfju) |pgfeg|oincfrc cf \ofonï) Ops`o) Espo{oj)
Ejuro Pgeo) \cpû) Qcfc{scio) Cesobjp) Ofrgiiou Mjiofbcuou w Pc|s`igeo Bjngfgeofo&
Mjw bîo) iju |pjbserju ao`pgeobju cf Ejijn`go
dcfcpof nïu bc 4<< cn|icju bgpcerju w nïu
bc 3<&<<< gfbgpcerju) cfrpc Bgurpg`sgbjpcu)
Gfuroiobjpcu) \pjccbjpcu) Rpofu|jprobjpcu w Ejncpegofrcu&
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UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
O |oprgp bci oÿj 0&<<<) CRCPFGR¦ moec |oprc bci |pcurgdgjuj dps|j nsirgfoegjfoi NC]OIGR) qsc rgcfc us ucbc ejp|jporgo cf Nç}gej w eswou oerggbobcu |pgfeg|oicu ujf io ao`pgeoegõf bc es`gcprou) rs`cpîou w |ioeou bc `pjecncfrj)
|pjbserju bc |jigcrgicfj) ejfepcrj w ugurcnou ejfurpsergju cf ucej) cfrpc jrpou& Ci j`kcrgj |pgnjpbgoi bc CRCPFGR¦ cu nofrcfcp w
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Ejncej| -Ao`pgeofrc bc Rs`ju bc Ejfepcrj \pcrcfuobj) Nç}gej'
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GEMUO -J|cpobjpo bc Odsou cf Nç}gej'
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No}grgic Ejp|jporgjf -Ejncpegoig{objpo cf
SUO'
ejfujigbop us |jugegõf bc igbcpo{dj cf Ejijn`go)
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Rckou bc Ag`pjecncfrj w \iïurgeou) Egciju Pouju) Rofqscu \iïurgeju w Ugurcnou Uç|rgeju) Eo`gfou
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ejnj io nïu gn|jprofrc cn|pcuo |pjbserjpo bc
Uofgropgou) \ioeou bc Ag`pjecncfrj Osrjeioobou) Nougiiou) \gfrspou w Norcpgoicu |opo io Ejfurpseegõf bc Ugurcnou \pcao`pgeobju&
O&5 IO NSIRGFOEGJFOI Ci dps|j NC]OIGR escfro ejf nïu bc 4< oÿju bc mgurjpgo w sfo eo|oegbob bc |pjbseegõf us|cpgjp o ?&=<<&<<< rjfciobou |jp oÿj cf io ao`pgeoegõf bc \pjbserju bc Ag`pjecncfrj) \jigcrgicfj) w Ejfepcrj |opo io gfbsurpgo bc io ejfurpseegõf& Ci dps|j NC]OIGR curï ejfajpnobj |jp sf c}rcfuj
ejfksfrj bc cn|pcuou igbcpcu cf us ponj qsc |pj|jpegjfof nïu bc 5&3<< ascfrcu bc cn|icj |cpnofcfrc) cfrpc iou esoicu uc cfescfrpof;
Cspcho Gfbsurpgoi -\pjbserju AE w Ejfrcfcbjpcu
bc Odso) Nç}gej'
I O P C F C D F Õ G E O N P J A GF
Toircem U&O&-Ejfurpseegõf Ujisegjfcu bc Qggcfbo) Nç}gej' No}grgic Gfbsurpgcu -Nç}gej'
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\iwecn Ejn|ofw U&O& -\pjbserju AE Ejuro Pgeo) Uoiobjp w Mjfbspou'
ckcn|iju bc eïiesij w bcroiicu ejfurpsergju) ejf io nïu pcegcfrc w cpo{ gfajpnoegõf |pcucfrobo bc sfo ajpno ongdo`ic) j`kcrgo) ejfepcro w ejf ucfrgbj |cbodõdgej&
CRCPFGR¦ |pcucfro cf curc nofsoi ci UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ CRCPFGR¦) ejf ci esoi) ncbgofrc ci suj bc |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) nougiiou CRCPEJOR MP*NP w CRCPDIOUU MA*NA) |gfrspou EJIJPECI w jrpju norcpgoicu fcecuopgju
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uc |scbcf pcoig{op rjbj rg|j bc cbgeoegjfcu&
Moecnju |oprc bci \oerj Dij`oi bc Foegjfcu Sfgbou bcubc ci oÿj 0<<4) gfqjisepofbj usu ?< |pgfeg|gju cf fscurpju igfcongcfrju curporçdgeju) cfnopeobju bcfrpj bc sf ejfksfrj bc qoijpcu asfboncfroicu cf iou cuacpou bc iju bcpcemju msnofju) iou ejfbgegjfcu bc rpo`okj) ci ncbgj on`gcfrc w io isemo ejfrpo io ejpps|egõf&
Dpïeju gisurporgju ejf rc}rju bc pcacpcfego&
RG\J ?' \cpi S )eofoi 0' \cpi E) eofoi) |cpigf 5' Rs`siop j eokõf 2' Rs`siop pcajp{obj 3' \cpi G 1' \cpi G pcajp{obj
O&1 MGURJPGO BC IJU UGURCNOU EJFURPSERGQJU CF UCEJ Bspofrc iju |pjecuju bc ejijfg{oegõf bc
Onçpgeo bci Fjprc o |pgfeg|gju bci ugdij ]G] w cu|cegoincfrc o |oprgp bc iou ngdpoegjfcu qsc I O P C F C D F Õ G E O N P J A GF
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bcubc ?=1< oppg`opjf o iou ejurou bci jeçofj \oeîej) iju nçrjbju ejfurpsergju rpobgegjfoicu fj uorguaoeîof iou bcnofbou bc curou |j`ioegjfcu
w asc cfrjfecu qsc o|opcegcpjf iou ejfurpseegjfcu ejf curpserspou cf nobcpo) qsc uc ajppo`of ejf ro`iou w rcfîof sfj j bju |guju& Io fcecugbob bc oieof{op iju |pgfeg|gju `ïugeju
bci bcuoppjiij gfbsurpgoi) |poergegbob) cijegbob
w |pjbserggbob) |pjnjgõ io o|opgegõf bc
iou ejfurpseegjfcu @oiijjf apongfd ejfugurcfrcu cf io ejijeoegõf bc |opoicu bci ngunj oirj bc io cbgeoegõf) dcfcpoincfrc ejfurpseegjfcu
bc bju |guju) ejf iou gdou bci cfrpc|guj
kobou iorcpoincfrc o çurc& Bc curo ajpno ci cfrpc|guj qscbo`o ejfrcfgbj cf ci jisncf
Dpïej O&0& Ugurcno \iorajpn Apongfd&
os}gigopcu uc bcuoppjiiopjf iju ugurcnou \iorajpn
Cf ci Dpoej O&0) uc o|pcego qsc iju |opoicu c}rcpfju) rgcfcf ci oirj bc eouo |guj bc io cbgeoegõf) iou bcnïu |oprcu bc ciio bcueofuof
rjroi8 |jurcpgjpncfrc w ejf ci suj bc curpserspou
apongfd) ugngiopcu oi ugurcno ofrcpgjp |cpj ejf
iju |opoicu bc io nguno oirspo bc iju |guju qscbofbj
cn`c`gbju cfrpc ciiju&
cf us gfrcpncbgj&
O ij iopdj bc io mgurjpgo bc iou ejfurpseegjfcu cf Onçpgeo Iorgfo) io gfscfego bc iju nçrjbju rpoîbju |jp Cu|oÿo w \jprsdoi ejf ci suj bc `oppj epsbj w ejegbj) eoi w |gcbpo pcrpouõ io o|opgegõf
cf ci ncbgj bc jrpju ugurcnou ejfurpsergju rg|j
iggofj w usu |pjecuju bc gfbsurpgoig{oegõf) uoij
oidsfou o|igeoegjfcu bc rcefjijdîou gn|jprobou eousoincfrc& Bcubc ncbgobju bci ugdij ]] w ncbgofrc us o|igeoegõf cf ugurcnou o`gcprju . oqsciiju qsc |scbcf pceg`gp bgacpcfrcu rçefgeou ejfurpsergou cf sfo ujio j`po .) nc{eiofbj ugurcnou rpobgegjfoicu w nçrjbju ejfurpsergju gfbsurpgoig{obju) uc mo cfgbj gn|jfgcfbj us o|igeoegõf uj`pc rjbj
cf oqsciiju |oîucu bc nowjpîo bc gfngdpofrcu cspj|cju) qsc o|pjcemopjf iju norcpgoicu bc
io pcdgõf w |jurcpgjpncfrc ci suj bc curpserspou bc `ourgbjp bc ncroi w nobcpo qsc ajppo`of ejf Dpïej O&?& Ugurcno @oiijjf Apongfd&
Cf ci Dpïej O&? uc o|pcego qsc iju |opoicu c}rcpfju) rgcfcf rjbju ci oirj bc io cbgeoegõf) iou
bcnïu |oprcu bc ciio uc bcuoppjiiof cf us gfrcpgjp&
curju ugurcnou ejnj ejfurpseegjfcu Bpwtoii bc rpobseegõf gfdicuo NSPJ UCEJ&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
O&4 BCAGFGEGÕF BCI UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ CRCPFGR¦ Cu ci |pjecbgngcfrj ïdgi) ign|gj) pcugurcfrc w cejfõngej bc ejfurpsgp nspju) cfrpc|guju) egciju pouju) `oucu bc es`gcpro) aoemobou w jrpju cicncfrju bc sfo cbgeoegõf) srgig{ofbj sfo curpserspo j `ourgbjp o nofcpo bc cuqscicrj
orjpfgiiof j eioof cf sfo j usu bju eopou j |oponcfrju) bckofbj sf cu|oegj gfrcpgjp ûrgi |opo
io ejijeoegõf bc gfuroioegjfcu w oguiongcfrju& Ucdsgboncfrc uc rporof usu ksfrou bc ejfurpseegõf w |sfrju bc koegõf ejf egfrou w nougiiou) j`rcfgcfbj sfou us|cpegcu iguou w o|pj|gobou |opo pceg`gp bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc oeo`obju) bofbj ejnj pcusirobj rcpngfobju bc õ|rgno eoigbob) bspo`gigbob w pcugurcfego& Ci suj bc ejn|jfcfrcu uceju w |pcao`pgeobju cf isdop bc ejn|scurju mûncbju w bc bcnjpobj apodùc) cu io |pgfeg|oi esoigbob qsc bcfc o curc
ugurcno&
Ci bgucÿj opqsgrcerõfgej uc aojpcec oi ejfrop
ejf curc nçrjbj ejfurpsergj qsc ic |cpngrc
O&4&? QCFROKOU BCI UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ CRCPFGR¦ Cfrpc iou fsncpjuou cfrokou w ajproic{ou bc curc ugurcno uc ncfegjfof iou ugdsgcfrcu; O`gcprj; Cu sf ugurcno gfrcdpoi ûfgej j |oprîeg|c ejf jrpju nçrjbju bc ejfurpseegõf bc ajpno osrj|jprofrc) ejio`jpofrc j ejnj cicncfrj opqsgrcerõfgej fj curpserspoi&
rçefgeju ejnj iou ejppgcfrcu eiïugeou w fscou bci bgucÿj&
I O P C F C D F Õ G E O N P J A GF
rpobgegjfoicu bc ejfurpseegõf& ign|gju) pcegeio`icu w fj bc|pcbobjpcu bci cfrjpfj w io `gjnouo) ic moecf ongdo`ic w uoisbo`ic ejf iou |cpujfou w ci ncbgj on`gcfrc&
O&4&0 EOPOERCPÎURGEOU BCI UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ Bîo o bîo ci ejfusngbjp uc dij`oig{o w c}gdc eoigbob) po|gbc{) ejfajpr w cejfjnîo cf usu ejfurpseegjfcu&
Ejnj pcu|scuro o curo rcfbcfego bci ncpeobj) CRCPFGR¦ JAPCEC CUROU EOPOERCPÎURGEOU CF USU UJISEGJFCU EJFURPSERGQOU CF UCEJ) NSPJU -RO@G_SCU') CFRPC\GUJU) EGCIJU POUJU) @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO) AOEMOBOU) NSC@ICU) CUEOICPOU W BSERJU& EOPOERCPÎURGEOU I O P C F C D F Õ G E O N P J A GF
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OGUIOFRC
EJFBGEGÕF Ug iou ejfbgegjfcu aîugeou j on`gcfroicu ij pcqsgcpcf) ci ugurcno |cpngrc io gfucpegõf cfrpc |oponcfrju bc norcpgoicu oguiofrc ejnj nofrju bc iofo ngfcpoi) `po bc gbpgj s jrpju& Ejf curj uc j`rgcfcf cicobju |jpecfrokcu bc bgungfsegõf bc psgbju) rcn|cporspo w bc g`poegjfcu&
MGBPÕASDJ -PM'
Norcpgoicu pcugurcfrcu o io msncbob) obcnïu ejfrcn|io ci suj bc gn|pgnofrcu mgbpõasdju) ejprgfou j nofrju pc|cicfrcu bci o|jp bc odso w jrpou) oucdspofbj gn|cpnco`gigbob&
EJPRO ASCDJ -PA'
Pcropbo io c}|ofugõf w rpofungugõf bc ascdju wo qsc cf us ejn|jugegõf fj uc rgcfcf cicncfrju ejn`surg`icu j c}|ijugju& Cf eouj bc gfecfbgj fj dcfcpo msnj&
IGQGOFJ
\jp us `okj |cuj |cpngrc io j|rgng{oegõf bc ejurju bgungfswcfbj iou
eopdou nscprou cf iou ejfurpseegjfcu cf oirspo&
\jp usu eopoercpîurgeou bc ejfajpnoegõf ejf |cpicu bc oecpj w |ioeou UGUNJ PCUGURCFRC bc `pjecncfrj) `okj |cuj w nouo) curju ugurcnou pcugurcf njgngcfrju uîungeju bc nowjp nodfgrsb qsc iju ugurcnou rpobgegjfoicu bc ejfurpseegõf
pîdgbju w |cuobju& Ci bgucÿj w eïiesij |scbc ousngp curc ugurcno ejnj bc
ONJPRGDSO W PCUGURC
ugn|ic cicncfrj opqsgrcerõfgej) cf us asfegõf w ejn|jprongcfrj uîungej& C}ecicfrc onjprgdsobjp w pcrcfcbjp bc gn|oerju gfmcpcfrcu bc io ejfurpseegõf ejfcfegjfoi mo`gro`ic& O nowjp cu|cujp bc usu
ejn|jfcfrcu nïu pcugurcfego nceïfgeo&
Iju norcpgoicu qsc ejn|jfcf ci ugurcno fj |cpngrcf ci epcegngcfrj bc GFCPRC
\PÏERGEJ W CEJFÕNGEJ
mjfdju) oidou) dçpncfcu fg ci oroqsc bc gfucerju w pjcbjpcu&
\jp us pcfbgngcfrj) nîfgno |pjbseegõf bc bcu|cpbgegju) `okj |cuj w
nouo&
Io c}g`gigbob bc curc ugurcno |opo |oprgeg|op cf iou bgacpcfrcu opqsgrcerspou qsc uc |pj|jfdof aoegigro qsc gfapocurpserspou ejnj gfuroioegjfcu uofgropgou) mgbpïsigeou) ciçerpgeou) nceïfgeou) bc ejnsfgeoegjfcu j esoiqsgcp jrpo uc gfeiswof bcfrpj bc bserju) nspju bc ucpgegj j cu|oegju cfrpc |oponcfrju j cf ci
|icfj bc egciju pouju ejf io |jug`gigbob bc oeecbcp cf esoiqsgcp njncfrj o ciiou |opo io pcoig{oegõf bc ejfrpjicu) nofrcfgngcfrju) on|igoegjfcu j njbgeoegjfcu& Curo |pj|gcbob ic jrjpdo oi ugurcno Ejfurpsergj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦ sf oijp odpcdobj bc ujurcfg`gigbob&
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UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
@& EJN\JFCFRCU BCI UGURCNO O N C R U G U I C B U C R F C F J \ N J E
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Iju ejn|jfcfrcu ujf iju cicncfrju j norcpgoicu) gfbggbsoicu j odps|obju qsc moecf |oprc bc sfo ujisegõf ejfurpsergo cf ucej& \opo ci ugurcno ejfurpsergj cf ucej) CRCPFGR¦ ao`pgeo cf io oersoigbob) iou |ioeou bc `pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB) iou nougiiou CRCPEJOR -MP w NP' w CRCPDIOUU -MA w NA') bcfjngfobju ejn|jfcfrcu |pj|gju w qsc uc bcuepg`cf ejf io ugdio UAC& Jrpju ejn|jfcfrcu fj ao`pgeobju |jp CRCPFGR¦ w qsc moecf |oprc gfrcdpoi c gfbgu|cfuo`ic cf curc ugurcno ujf bcfjngfobju fj |pj|gju w us ugdio cu FAC& Ci ugurcno ejfurpsergj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦ curï ejfajpnobj |jp esorpj ejn|jfcfrcu; \cpicu ncrïigeju& ?& 0& Ejn|jfcfrc Ejn|jfcfrc FAC.?; UAC.?; \ioeou |iofou bc `pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB& 5& Ejn|jfcfrc FAC.0; Ofeiokcu w koegjfcu& 2& Ejn|jfcfrc UAC.0; Uciiju) egfrou w nougiiou CRCPEJOR -MP) NP' w CRCPDIOUU -MA) NA'&
@&? EJN\JFCFRC FAC . ? \CPAGICU NCRÏIGEJU Ajpnou dcjnçrpgeou bobou cf rjbo us ijfdgrsb o sfo uceegõf bc iïngfo ncrïigeo& Ejf iju oofecu rcefjiõdgeju cf io |pjbseegõf bc oecpju w iou noqsgfopgou cu|cegoig{obou) uc ao`pgeof |cpicu cf bgacpcfrcu ajpnou) ijfdgrsbcu w eoig`pcu Iju |pjecuju bc ao`pgeoegõf bc |cpicu ujf; † Bj`iobj; Uc rjnof rgpou bc iïngfou ncrïigeou w uc icu bo ajpnou) dcfcpofbj bj`icecu ejf ci suj bc sfo nïqsgfo bgu|scuro |opo roi f bcfjngfobo bj`iobjpo&
bc sfo noqsgfo ejn|scuro bc pjbgiiju w jrpju cicncfrju ncrïigeju o sfo iïngfo ncrïigeo qsc cu
bgu|cfuobo bcubc sfo `j`gfo j pjiij& † C}rpsugõf; Ncroi asfbgbj qsc |ouo |jp sfo `jqsgiio j njibc qsc ic bo ajpno ejfrgfso) roi ejnj io |cpicpîo bc oisngfgj&
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Dpïej @&0 @ourgbjp ncrïigej&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
@&?&? NORCPGOI BC IJU \CPAGICU @&?&0&? BCAGFGEGJFCU BC UCEEGJFCU Ci oecpj iongfobj doiofg{obj) cu sf norcpgoi † \cpigfcu; Fjn`pc bobj o sf |cpi cf ajpno ncrïigej) bc oiro pcugurcfego) curo`gigbob) gfcprc) gfejn`surg`ic) ig`pc bci oroqsc bc |iodou j pjcbjpcu w pcegeio`ic& Cu suobj cf io ao`pgeoegõf bc |cpicu ncrïigeju |opo iou ejfurpseegjfcu cf ucej w uc ejfugdsc cf iïngfou bc `okj eop`jfj j pjiobj cf apîj) cf pjiiju -`j`gfou' bc bgacpcfrcu bgncfugjfcu w eoig`pcu& \scbc rcfcp pces`pgngcfrju cu|cegoicu -[gfe) oisngfgj) mgcppj' qsc ic ejfcpcf
bc E w bc eoig`pcu curpserspoicu -?= o ?0') uc
suo apcescfrcncfrc cf ejisnfou) gdou w ecpemou& Oecpj fj doiofg{obj& † \opoicu; \cpicu bc iïngfou pjiobou bc oecpj
|pj|gcbobcu bc pcugurcfego w |pjrceegõf ejfrpo odcfrcu nopgfju w ejppjugju&
† Eofoicu; \cpi bc iïngfo doiofg{obo cf ajpno bc S) bc `okju eoig`pcu w srgig{obju ejnj
† Dpoaiobj; Ujf sfo ucpgc bc esobpgrju pc|skobju o ij iopdj bc iou oiou bc iju |cpicu bc iïngfo bc oecpj bc `okj eoig`pc& Rgcfcf io asfegõf bc cgrop qsc iju rjpfgiiju bc koegõf
Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB rgcfcf rc}rspou bgacpcfrcu cf usu bju eopou) sfo iguo w jrpo ejf egcpro rc}rspo) curo ûirgno cu io o|pj|gobo |opo qscbop c}|scuro cf oqsciiou us|cpegcu qsc pcqsgcpof cfemo|cu j oeo`obju bc rc}rspo ejf njprcpju oepîigeju w |opo iju uj`pc |guju cf ejfepcrj&
†
Ci CRCP@JOPB rgcfc sf iîngrc bc c}g`gigbob) ci esoi |scbc osncfrop fjro`icncfrc usncpdgcfbj iou |ioeou cf odso |jp sf |cpîjbj bc jemj mjpou |pcgou o us opqscobj&
io |ioeo curç ejf nsemo msncbob uc Esofbj bc`c rcfcp |pceosegõf oi ejijeopic rjpfgiiju wo qsc pcqsgcpc ncfju rjpqsc qsc esofbj curï ejn|icroncfrc uceo& Nsemo ascp{o io apoerspo j bcuajfbo& Ug uc fcecugro qsc ci CRCP@JOPB rcfdo esoigbobcu mgbpjpc|cicfrcu j ug us s`geoegõf |pcucfro pgcudju bc c}|jugegõf o msncbob j o|jp) uc bc`cf rporop io eopo bcu|pjrcdgbo ejf gn|pgnofrc oepîigej EJIJPECI&
†
Ci CRCP@JOPB cu sf norcpgoi bc ejijp `iofej mscuj) us ejijp cu |cpnofcfrc |cpj |scbc eon`gop ug curï c}|scurj o iju powju sirpogjicrou bci uji) oi odso w o io |jisegõf ncbgj on`gcfroi&
†
†
Ci ejprc) psrgobj w |cpajpoegõf bci CRCP@JOPB)
uc |scbc uc pcoig{op ejf cqsg|ju njrjpg{obju j nofsoicu) bc`c cgrop ejprcu ejf mcppongcfrou ciçerpgeou bc oiro cijegbob) wo qsc dcfcpof nsemj |jij& Cu pcejncfbo`ic srgig{op iju bc `oko cijegbob j ejprc nofsoi ejf powobjp& Oi uceegjfop sfo iïngfo cu |psbcfrc nopeop iou |oprcu ejprobou |opo ejfjecp ci ucfrgbj jpgdgfoi bc io |ioeo -ucfrgbj bc iou `pou'&
†
F C F J \ N J E
@&0&5 RPOFU\JPRC
Iou |ioeou uc ejijeof uj`pc iou curg`obou j |ioroajpnou bc rpofu|jprc ncbgofrc njfroeopdou j |jp j|cpopgju ejf dsofrcu j nofju ign|gou& Ug fj curïf curg`obou w ejf |pjrcerjp |iïurgej ejfrpo iisgou) uc bc`cf eopdop cf eoppju ejf eop|o j es`pgp ci norcpgoi ejf iïngfou bc |jigcrgicfj& Cgrc qsc iou |ioeou usapof dji|cu qsc apoerspcf usu `jpbcu& Oi bcueopdop ci norcpgoi w ug fj uc bgu|jfc bc sf njfroeopdou) uc bc`cf `okop sfo o sfo) ejf bju |cpujfou ejnj nîfgnj) eopdopiou |cp|cfbgesiopncfrc) w fj oejurobou ejnj gcfcf cf io curg`o) wo qsc uc |scbcf apoerspop&
@
@&0&2 OINOECFONGCFRJ
Iou |ioeou |iofou CRCP@JOPB uc bc`cf oinoecfop `okj rcemj) cf isdopcu cfrgiobju) fj c}|scurou o iju powju bci uji& Opnc oppsncu bc =< en nï}gnj w fj ejijqsc us|cp|scurju nïu bc esorpj& Uc bc`cf bckop bgurofegou cfrpc oppsncu ij usegcfrcncfrc on|igou |opo |cpngrgp us bcu|io{ongcfrj w cgrop qsc cqsg|ju bc rpofu|jprc iou dji|ccf cf usu `jpbcu&
Ujf iju cicncfrju cfeopdobju bc sfgp) kop j ujurcfcp iou curpserspou j `ourgbjpcu ncrïigeju cfrpc uî j cfrpc ciiou w jrpju usurporju) kop iju cn|ioeobju w jrpju cicncfrju qsc |scbof rcfcp pcioegõf ejf io ujisegõf ejfurpsergo o rporop& \jp ckcn|ij; Nsc`icu) gfuroioegjfcu) rs`cpîou) cre& \pgfeg|oincfrc uc ejfjecf iju ugdsgcfrcu rg|ju bc ofeiokcu w koegjfcu; O N C R U G U I C B U C R F C F J \ N J E
†
Ofeiokcu nceïfgeju -ncrïigeju) |iïurgeju'&
†
Ofeiokcu qsîngeju -njfj ejn|jfcfrc) `gejn|jfcfrc w njprcpju ejf ecncfrju |jignçpgeju'&
†
Rjpfgiiju bc koegõf&
†
Eioju&
@&5&? OFEIOKCU NCEÏFGEJU GNODCF RG\J \CUOBJ) UCNG\CUOBJ W IGDCPJ
RG\JBCOFEIOKC
Norcpgoi) bgïncrpj w ijfdgrsb
\OPO AE 0=< H*en0 Ejprc hd Rpoee hd 0=< o ?3<< 02< o ?43<
Ofeiokc bc esÿo cio`jpobj cf oecpj oi eop`õf ejf {gfeobj) oecpj doiofg{obj w oecpj gfj}gbo`ic Ý ¹ o 3*=„ iopdj ? ¶„ o 2„ Ofeiokc mcn`po pjueobo ejf c}|ofugõf 0=< o =3< nceïfgeo cf oecpj oi eop`õf {gfeobj w oecpj gfj}gbo`ic Ý ¹ o 3*=„ iopdj ? o 0„
@
5<< o 73<
Ofeiokc c}|ofugj bc eonguo cf oecpj ?0< o 3<< ?3< o 1<< doiofg{obj w oecpj gfj}gbo`ic Ý ¹ o ¾„ iopdj ? o 0 ¾„ Ofeiokc pjueobj cf oecpj oi eop`õf ejf {gfeobj 0<< o ?5<< 00< o ?3<< Ý 5*=) ¾ ’ 3*= w ¶ ’ rg|j IBR -Iopdc Bgoncrcp Ro|ejn' Rp& 2< Er& Eioju ¾„ Rg|jbcFhkoegõf bc ?„oo|õijpo ? ¾ ’ Rg|j ubn ¶ ’ o ? ?<< Rp& 1<
5< o ?0< Er& ?44 Pcugurcfego c}rpoeegõf -hd'
RG\J UCNG\CUOBJ W IGDCPJ
\opo `ourgbjpcu bc nspju j ro`gqscu Norcpgoi) bgïncrpj w ijfdgrsb
Ejfepcrj
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Ofeiokc |iïurgej sfgcpuoi ofrgdgpj w ofrgbcuig{ofrc |opo rjpfgiij djijuj j rgpoajfbj bc ¹ o 3*=„
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=< o 3<<
3< o ?3<
Ro`io @&7 †
\cpfju bc c}|ofugõf
Iju |cpfju bc c}|ofugõf uc eopoercpg{of |jpqsc io koegõf oi usurporj uc j`rgcfc |jp io |pcugõf qsc bc usueopdou cicncfrju ckcpecf cf ci jpgegj roiobpobj) bgucÿobju uj|jprop dpofbcu) ncbgou j|oprcu |cqscÿou w ejprofrcu& Ujf |pgfeg|oincfrc iju curïf nïu suobju cf |opo iou ujisegjfcu ejfurpsergou cf ucej wo qsc uc ejfugdscf cf sfo dpof opgcbob bc ijfdgrsbcu) bgïncrpju w pcugurcfegou& Iju |cpfju bc c}|ofugõf ujf suobju cf usurporju bc ejfepcrj c gfeisugc ncrïigeju) fj ujf pcejncfbobju |opo ofeiop uj`pc nobcpo& UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
0<
† \cpfju bc pjueobj oi ejfepcrj
@&5&0 OFEIOKCU _SîNGEJU Rjpfgiiju qsc |cpngrcf us koegõf oi ejfepcrj) † Ofeiokcu bc pcugfou iobpgiij s jrpju |çrpcju bgpceroncfrc& \pcgo sfo Cacersobj ci roiobpobj cf ci usurporj w io ign|gc{o |cpajpoegõf ejf ci bgïncrpj pcqscpgbj) ci rjpfgiij bc bci jpgegj) uc gfrpjbsec cf çurc io on|jiio oecpj oi eop`jfj cfbspcegbj w ejf pces`pgngcfrj obmcugo bc ofeiokc) ucdsgboncfrc uc ejijeo cf {gfe ajpno usu |pj|gju mgiju oi gfdpcuop cf ci ci |cpfj oucdspïfbjuc qsc cfrpc cf rjbo io usurporj& Iju rjpfgiiju IBR -iopdc bgoncrcp ro|ejn' |cpajpoegõf rporobo& bc dpof bgïncrpj c mgiju bc ejprc) uc srgig{of cf bgïncrpju bc 5*=„) ¾„) 3*=„ w ¶„ |opo ejfepcrj GN\JPROFRC bc ?73 o ??0< hd*en0& Iou pcugfou suobou |opo ofeiokcu |scbcf ucp c|õ}geou) |jigcurçpgeou) gfîigeou w |oprgesiopncfrc @&5&?&? AGKOEGJFCU IGQGOFOU bc eopïercp rg}jrpõ|gej -qsc fj cuesppcf oi \opo ujurcfcp) ejidop j kop iju bgacpcfrcu obcesopuc oi |cpfj'& ucej -fj curpserspoicu') uc srgig{of apcescfrcncfrc
FJN@PC Ofeiokc |iïurgej sfgcpuoi ejf rjpfgiij Eioj bc oecpj kobj o |õijpo
Rjpfgiij |opo nobcpo Rjpfgiij bc ncroi Agkoegõfosrj|cpajpofrc ejf pcnoemc \J\ Eioj bc oecpj curpgobj |opo ejfepcrj Ofeiokc Hgtgh Rjd |iïurgej -nopg|juo' Ofeiokc bc eonguo o uõigbju Opnciio |opo escidou o nobcpo Agkoegõf o |õijpo pjueobo
Ro`io @&?< Rg|ju bc ofeiokcu iggofju
Ajrj @&5 @ourgbjpcu uj`pc ejfepcrj
Dpoej @?<& † Ofeiokcu ejf njprcpju Njprcpj oepîigeju) c|õ}geju w ecncfrjuju uc suof cf io koegõf bc opgiiou bc oecpj pjueobj cf sfj bc usu c}rpcnju w dspobou cf ci jrpj)
iou nïu curpgerou fjpnou bc eoigbob w ucdspgbob& @&2&? CRCPEJOR -MP . NP' Nougiio |opo rporongcfrj bc ksfrou bc |ofcicu bc Ag`pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB& † Aongigo qsngeo; Nougiio ucnguõigbo bc oiro guejugbob `ouc oesjuo& † Ejn|jugegõf; Iïrc}) eopdou gfjpdïfgeou w
obgrgju& Iju gfdpcbgcfrcu curïf cf ci gfcfropgj bc usurofegou
qsîngeou bc io icw bc ejfrpji bc usurofegou rõ}geou bc io odcfego bc |pjrceegõf on`gcfroi bc iju Curobju Sfgbju qsc o|igeof |opo Ejijn`go w |opo curïfbopcu curo`icegbju&
Dpïej @?? Crgqscrou bci CRCPEJOR |opo c}rcpgjpcu c gfrcpgjpcu&
@&2&?&? PCEJNCFBOEGJFCU Oinoecfongcfrj † Pjrc ci |pjbserj eobo 7< bîou& † Oinoecfc ci |pjbserj cf isdop es`gcprj) apcuej w ucej) cgrc ejfbgegjfcu c}rpcnou bc eoijp j apîj& † Ofrcu bc o|igeop io nougiio) ejfusirc iou
gfurpseegjfcu&
† O|gic ejnj nï}gnj rpcu pceg|gcfrcu&
Nofg|sioegõf ucdspo † Ngfgngec io dcfcpoegõf w oesnsioegõf bc |jij8
cgrc gfmoiop ci |jij w qsc curc cfrpc cf ejfroerj ejf iju jkju& † Srgigec sfo obcesobo |pjrceegõf |cpujfoi cf ci njncfrj bc io o|igeoegõf&
EOPOERCPÎURGEOU AÎUGEJ.NCEÏFGEOU NOUGIIO CRCPEJOR CURÏFBOP BC CRCPFGR BCUEPG\EGÕF*QOIJPCU
Nougiio |opo ijdpop oeo`obj bc us|cpegcu iguou cf |ioeou bc `pjecncfrj&
† Fj nc{eic ci |pjbserj ejf fgfdûf jrpj rg|j bc
† Aongigo qsngeo; Nougiio ucnguõigbo bc oiro guejugbob `ouc oesjuo& O N C R U G U I C B U C R F C F J \ N J E
† Ejn|jugegõf; Iïrc}) eopdou gfjpdïfgeou w
obgrgju& Rjbju iju gfdpcbgcfrcu bc curc |pjbserj curïf
gfeisgbju cf ci gfcfropgj bc usurofegou qsîngeou bc io icw bc ejfrpji bc usurofegou rõ}geou) bc io odcfego bc |pjrceegõf on`gcfroi bc iju Curobju Sfgbju qsc o|igeof |opo Ejijn`go w |opo iju curïfbopcu curo`icegbju&
nougiio cf |jij j cf bgu|cpugõf&
@&2&0&0 GFAJPNOEGÕF OBGEGJFOI Ugfõfgnju; Nougiio |opo oeo`obj bc |ofcicu bc `pjecncfrj&
@&2&2 EGFRO BC AG@PO BC QGBPGJ -Obmcugo' \opo sf obcesobj rporongcfrj bc io ksfro ejfrgfso j gfgug`ic cf |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) uc bc`c srgig{op
O N C R U G U I C B U C R
sfo egfro noiio bc pcascp{j cf `po bc gbpgj bc ?3 en bc ofemj cf nspju c}rcpgjpcu w bc 3 en bc
ofemj |opo nspju gfrcpgjpcu& Iju pjiiju bc egfro
F C F J \ N J E
bc `ponbc gcfcf cf |pcucfroegõf bc 7< w ?3< bcgbpgj ijfdgrsb& Ci obmcugj bc io egfro cu
|opo nofrcfcpio cfpjiiobo
njncfrj bc igkop io us|cpegc&
@
† Cqsg|j bc |pjrceegõf |cpujfoi
SUJ FJPNOI; Doaou bc ucdspgbob) noueopgiio |opo |jij) dsofrcu& CNCPDCFEGO; @jrou) dsofrcu w bciofroi& noueopgiio |opo |jij) doaou bc ucdspgbob& † \pgncpju os}gigju OI GFMOIOP; Rpouiobop oi ogpc apcuej) nofrcfcp oi icugjfobj o`pgdobj w cf pc|juj& OI GFDCPGP; Ioop io `jeo ejf odso) usngfgurpop o`sfbofrc odso& Ug curo gfejfuegcfrc fj bop o `c`cp fobo OI EJFROERJ EJF IO \GCI; Ioop ejf o`sfbofrc odso& Ug mow gppgroegõf nîfgnj bspofrc ?3 ngfsrju)
Dpïej @&?5 Egfrou
pcrgpop io pj|o w eoi{obj ejfrongfobj& OI EJFROERJ EJF IJU JKJU; Ioop ejf o`sfbofrc odso) ug mow gppgroegõf nîfgnj bspofrc
?3 ngfsrju&
Ajrj @&3& Pceg|gcfrcu |opo nougiiou CRCPEJOR
Ajrj @&1 Pceg|gcfrcu |opo nougiiou CRCPDIOUU
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
03
FJROU BCI EO\ÎRSIJ
O N C R U G U I C B U C R F C F J \ N J E
@
Ajrj @&4 Ejfurpseegõf ncrïigeo iggofo) Urccii apongfd& Eouo bc eon|j . Uo`ofo bc @jdjrï&
Ajrj @&= Oeo`obj iguj ejf nougiiou |opo c}rcpgjpcu& Eouo bc eon|j . Uo`ofo bc @jdjrï&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
01
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
E& UJISEGJFCU EJFURPSERGQOU UJISEGJFCU EJFURPSERGqOU OBCESOBOU OI NCPEOBJ U O Q G R E S P R U F J E U C F J G E S I J U
E
Iou fscou rcfbcfegou ejfurpsergou w iou c}gdcfegou bc iju ejfusngbjpcu c}gdcf qsc iou cbgeoegjfcu ejfrcn|jpïfcou pcu|jfbof ejf odgigbob) c}g`gigbob w cpuorgigbob qsc |cpngro |jug`gigbobcu bc
pcfjoegõf j on|igoegõf bc iou ngunou8 mcemj çurc sc uc ejfurgrswc cf ci |isu nïu gn|jprofrc bc iou ejfurpseegjfcu cf ucej -iggofou' bc pcejfjegbo ujurcfg`gigbob& E&? UJISEGÕF \OPO NSPJU UCEJU Ejf curc rçpngfj uc bcfc io ejfurpseegõf bc nspju
ejf |pjecuju ugurcnou ejfurpsergju srgig{of odso usu w ngfgng{ofsc iju fj apodsobju) sc cf curc ugurcno ejfurpsergj uõij ejppcu|jfbc o iou nougiiou bci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu w o
iju pces`pgngcfrju bc oeo`obj& Curc ugurcno uc ejfjec ejf ci rçpngfj gfdiçu bc Bpwtoii j |opcb uceo -ejfurpseegõf iggofo') ejf ci sc uc mof dcfcpoig{obj rjbou iou o|igeoegjfcu j ujisegjfcu ejfurpsergou cf ucej&
E&0 UJISEGÕF \OPO AOEMOBOU W ECPPONGCFRJU Io aoemobo j ecppongcfrj cu ci cicncfrj ejfurpsergj cfjicfrc) sc oîuio aîugeoncfrc sfo ejfurpseegõf bci c}rcpgjp) uco bc sfo ajpno rjroi j |opegoi) o|jprïfbjic esoigbobcu bcejporgou) oguiofrcu) isnîfgeou)ofrc curpserspoicu) w bc |pjrceegõf gfecfbgju) `gjeignïrgeou ugunju) pj`j w |cprsp`oegjfcu& Iou aoemobou uc ejfugbcpof oersoincfrc ejnj io |gci j c|gbcpngu bc sfo cbgeoegõf& Iju norcpgoicu w jrpju cicncfrju qsc io ejfajpnof bc`cf cu|cegeopuc rcfgcfbj cf
escfro usu eopoercpîurgeou aîugeou) nceïfgeou w curçrgeou&
E&5 UJISEGÕF \OPO CFRPC\GUJU Sf cfrpc|guj cu ci cicncfrj bc ejfurpseegõf sc uc|opo bju |guju) ugpc bc rcemj oi gfacpgjp w bc |guj oi us|cpgjp& Iju cfrpc|guju uc mof ejfurpsgbj o ij iopdj bci rgcn|j cf bgacpcfrcu norcpgoicu w ajpnou& Oersoincfrc) ejf ci uspdgngcfrj bc ugurcnou cf ucej) uc mo ugn|igeobj curo o|igeoegõf) omjpo
cu iggofo) bc pï|gbo ckcesegõf w nsw pcugurcfrc& Ejf ci ugurcno ejfurpsergj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦ uc |scbcf ejfurpsgp cfrpc|guju bc rjbj rg|j) bc oescpbj o io fjpno FUP.7= -rîrsij . A'&
Us asfegõf cu bcejporgo) bc pces`pgngcfrj w oguiongcfrj& Io cpuorgigbob bci CRCP@JOPB |cpngrc epcop ajpnou |iofou) o`jcbobou w bc jrpou opgobou dcjncrpîou) ejnj oprcujfobju w oprcuou& Io opsgrcerspo ejfrcn|jpïfco mo jrjpdobj o iju egciju pouju ugngiop gn|jprofego sc io bobo o iju nspju j |guju& E&3 UJISEGÕF \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO Cu io ujisegõf ejfurpsergo sc uj|jpro ci oeo`obj foi |pcgurj |opo sf rcemj) ejfrcn|iofbj iju
pcscpgngcfrju bc eopdo) gcfrju) gn|cpnco`gigbob) gfujfjpgbob) oguiongcfrj rçpngej w bspo`gigbob& Iou `oucu bc es`gcpro uc srgig{of |opo sfo opgobo dono bc rckou w pces`pgngcfrju& Io eopo c}|scuro oi gfrcpgjp bci jisncf es`gcprj uc |scbc bckop o io guro o nofcpo bc egcij pouj j srgig{op us curpserspo |opo ucpgp bc uj|jprc cf io gfuroioegõf bc sfj&
Ci Ugurcno Ejfurpsergj cf Ucej CRCPFGR¦ uc ejfugdsc o rpoçu bc io pcb bc bgurpg`sgbjpcu bc rjbj ci |oîu) qsc ic `pgfbof sfo nckjp w nïu aïegi bgu|jfg`gigbob bci |pjbserj& CRCPFGR¦ ) ic japcec ugf ejurj oidsfj) ci ucpgegj bc oucujpîo rçefgeo |cpno. fcfrc bspofrc iou cro|ou bc bgucÿj w ejfurpseegõf cf rjbou iou j`pou qsc surcb pcoigec ejf fscurpj |jproajigj bc |pjbserju |opo curc ugurcno&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
E&? NSPJU -ro`gqscu' UCEJU Ejf curc rçpngfj uc bcfc io ejfurpseegõf bc nspju ejf ugurcnou ejfurpsergju qsc bgungfswcf ci ejfusnj bc odso cf usu |pjecuju w ngfgng{of iju apodsobju) qsc cf curc ugurcno ejfurpsergj uõij ejppcu|jfbc o iou nougiiou bci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu w o iju pces`pgngcfrju bc oeo`obj& Curc ugurcno uc ejfjec ejf ci rçpngfj gfdicu bc Bpwtoii j |opcb uceo -ejfurpseegõf iggofo') ejf ci qsc uc mof dcfcpoig{obj rjbou iou o|igeoegjfcu j ujisegjfcu ejfurpsergou cf ucej& Iou eopdou ujf us |pj|gj |cuj w |oprcu bc io cbgeoegõf qsc ejnj ngcn`pj ejio`jpofrc |scbo pceg`gp) roicu ejnj es`gcpro) cfrpc|guju) nsc`icu w jrpou gfmcpcfrcu o io mo`gro`gigbob& Ci Dpïej E?&0 ucÿoio sf ejn|oporgj curpserspoi bci pc|oprj bc eopdou bc sfo ejfurpseegõf o|jprgeobo rpobgegjfoi w sf ugurcno iggofj& Io bgacpcfego |pgfeg|oi cu io nowjp eofrgbob bc nouo bci |pgncpj w io ncfjp bci ucdsfbj&
U J E C U U J P S N
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Dpïej E&?&?& Iju nspju uceju&
Ci nspj ucej cu sf cicncfrj cprgeoi |iofj j espj ejfurpsgbj ejf |ioeou |iofou CRCP@JOPB) sfgbou o sf `ourgbjp j cuqscicrj gfrcpgjp bc ncroi j nobcpo cf sfj j usu bju ofeju -|oponcfrju' ejf rjpfgiiju j eioju) bckofbj sf oeîj bjfbc uc oijkof iou gfuroioegjfcu& Iou ksfrou w us|cpegcu ujf ujncrgbou |jurcpgjpncfrc oi rporongcfrj w oeo`obj& Iju nspju uceju uc srgig{of ejnj bggugõf j ejfajpnoegõf bc cu|oegju ejf |oponcfrju `okju j bc dpof oirspo) ecppongcfrju c}rcpgjpcu w nspju bc suju cu|cegoig{obju& Rgcfcf io cfroko bc ucp iggofju) pcnjg`icu) gfejn`surg`icu) ugunju pcugurcfrcu) jes|op nîfgnj bcu|cpbgegj w ucp obcesobju |opo pceg`gp bgacpcfrcu oeo`obju bcejporgju j srgigropgju& Curo c}g`gigbob |cpngrc io ejfurpseegõf bc j`pou ucfegiiou j bc ujurgeobo opqsgrcerspo& E&?&? EOPOERCPÎURGEOU CURPSERSPOICU Iju nspju ejfurpsgbju ejf CRCP@JOPB |scbcf bggujpgj& rcfcp eo|oegbob Us ejn|jprongcfrj |jprofrc j bccurpserspoi ugn|ic cicncfrj ejfugurc cf rpofungrgp o us `ouc bc o|jwj iou eopdou qsc ic ejppcu|jfbof bc sfo ajpno sfgajpnc w bgurpg`sgbo& 5<
Dpïej E&?&0& Pc|oprj bc eopdou&
Eobo w rgcfccicncfrj sfo asfegõf moec |oprc bcrcpngfobo8 gfrcdpoi bci iju ugurcno |opoicu rpo`okof o ejn|pcugõf w iou eofoicu o c}gõf) uc bc`c ejfugbcpop) obcnïu) io ejijeoegõf bc jrpju cicncfrju obgegjfoicu ejnj pgjurpou) ejfrpogcfrju) eps{ bc Uof Ofbpçu) pgdgbg{objpcu cre&) |opo ejfrpoppcurop cuascp{ju ejnj io cicobo |pcugõf bc gcfrju) njgngcfrju uîungeju) g`poegõf |cpugurcfrc w jrpju qsc eosucf ascprcu bcc}gjfcu) jieongcfrju j bcuesobpcu&
Dpïej E&?&5o& Cacerj bc io eps{ bc Uof Ofbpçu&
Dpïej E&?&5`& Cacerj bc iou pgjurpou mjpg{jfroicu&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
Io dpïeo 5o ucÿoio iju cacerju bc sf cuascp{j mjpg{jfroi) |pjbserj bc ascprcu gcfrju j njgngcfrj uîungej w us ejppcergj) o|igeofbj iïngfou bgodjfoicu -eps{ bc Uof Ofbpçu'& Io dspo 5`) c}|pcuo io bgungfsegõf bc iou bcc}gjfcu ejf ci suj bc pgjurpou mjpg{jfroicu&
\opo `ourgbjpcu bc nspju cf CRCP@JOPB uc cu|cegeof |cpicu ncrïigeju ejf eoig`pcu bci 02 oi 0<& \opo io ejfajpnoegõf bc cuqsgfou w cf ci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou bc bgioroegjfcu j pcnorcu uc suof iju |cpicu bc ajpnou R) Q) T) [& Iou egfrou ncrïigeou cf eoig`pcu 01 w 02 ujf srgig{obou ejnj pgjurpou j ejfrpogcfrju&
E&?&0 EJN\JFCFRCU Ejn|jfcfrcu |pgfeg|oicu -Dpïej ?' bc iju nspju † Opnoj j ro`gqsc cf ucej; @ourgbjpcu bc ncroi j nobcpo) Curc |pjecuj srgig{o opgju nçrjbju; opnobj |jp |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) koegjfcu w ofeiokcu w egfrou) |ofcig{obj) opnobj gfrcdpoi cf ci ugrgj bc j`po w uciiju w nougiiou& opnobj |opegoi cfrpc j`po roi ejnj uc bcuepg`cf o ejfrgfsoegõf& E&?&0&? CI @OURGbJP \OFCIG[OBJ; Cu io ejfurpseegõf |pcao`pgeobo Ci `ourgbjp cu ci cuqscicrj curpserspoi w dopofrg{o bc `ourgbjpcu |opo nspju& io curo`gigbob w ujigbc{ bci ro`gqsc& \cpngrc GFRCDPOI CF UGRGJ BC J@PO; Srgig{obj cf io koegõf bci CRCP@JOPB ejf rjpfgiiju R\A cf ejfurpseegjfcu bc sfj o rpcu |guju bjfbc iju usu |oponcfrju& Uc ejfurpswc ejf |opoicu -|cpi `ourgbjpcu |opo nspju ujf |jprofrcu w bggujpgju& E' w eofoicu -|cpi S') sfgbju ejf rjpfgiiju osrj |cpajpofrcu& Ci suj bc egfrou ncrïigeou |opo iju \OPEGOI CFRPC J@PO; ujf iju `ourgbjpcu |opo ejfrpogcfrju j eps{ bc Uof Ofbpçu w ïfdsiju bc nspju qsc uc ckcesrof cf ci gfrcpgjp bc sfo ejfurpseegõf w qsc suo io curpserspo bc çuro |opo pgdgbg{oegõf ejn|icncfrof us opnobj& us usurcfroegõf&
Ajrj E&?&0& Ejfurpseegõf ng}ro& -Ejfurpseegõf gfrcdpoi cf ugrgj bc j`po'
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Rjbju iju cicncfrju bc sfo ejfurpseegõf rgcfcf sf eopïercp curpserspoi gfbggbsoi j ejicergj& Iju njgngcfrju bc io cbgeoegõf w jrpju ccfrju bc ugfgcurpj ejnj gfecfbgju) gfsfboegjfcu) ugunju) mspoeofcu) bc`cf ucp rjnobju cf escfro oi njncfrj bci bgucÿj) eïiesij w cu|cegeoegõf bc iju nspju& Curo oerggbob bc`c curop o eopdj bc sf gfdcfgcpj eoiesiguro j opqsgrcerj cu|cegoig{obj& U J C E U U J P S N
† Cfuon`ic c ofj c |scpro
Dpïej E&?&4
Iju |cpicu bcioofeiokc nopej ucp bc eoig`pc 0<& Ug |scpro bci cu bc ncroibc`cf -|cuobo') uc pcejngcfbo ci suj bc bj`ic |opoi&
† @ourgjpcu opqscoju
Ci nçrjbj bc uofdpobj |cpngrc j`rcfcp espobju ejf pobgju 6> 1< en) ejfugurc cf ejprcu cf iou oiou w oino bci eofoi |opo qsc oi o`pgp j ecppop |jp çurju) uc ajpncf uceegjfcu bc opej& Io ejijeoegõf bc sfo egfro ncrïigeo o ij iopdj bci uofdpobj ejio`jpo ejf us curo`gigbob&
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Dpïej E&?&1 † Cfuon`ic c ofj c cfrofo
Iju |cpicu bc ofeiokc bci nopej bc io cfrofo bc`cf ucp eoig`pc 0<8 |opo kop iju oeecujpgju j eokou bc cicerpgegbob uc ejijeof `ijqscu cf uceegjfcu bc eofoi eoig`pc 02) moegcfbj |scfrc cfrpc bju |opoicu w uc suof iou |cpajpoegjfcu |opo ci |ouj bc rs`cpîou&
Dpïej E&?&7& B croiic ejfurpsergj
Dpïej E&?&=& Nçrjbj bc uofdpobj&
Io ejfurpseegõf ncrïigeo cf ucej -Urcci Apongfd' `pgfbo sfo oiro pcugurcfego ofrc ugunju w oi ascdj) o |cuop bc usu `okju eoig`pcu w |jej |cuj& Ci suj bc eoig`pcu ncfjpcu o iju cu|cegeobju |jp ci eïiesij |scbc ajncfrop g`poegjfcu&
E&?&0&0 \IOEOU \IOFOU bC CN\IOEObJ -AE' \jp usu eopoercpîurgeou aîugeou) qsîngeou w nceïfgeou) ci CRCP@JOPB cu sf norcpgoi gbõfcj cf io ejfurpseegõf bc nspju j ro`gqscu cf ucej) |cpngrc us suj cf ïpcou gfrcpgjpcu w c}rcpgjpcu) |jp ij qsc uc pcejngcfbo |icfoncfrc |opo curo o|igeoegõf& CU\CUJP-nn' 1 = ?<
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O\IGEOEGÕF Pces`pgngcfrjuwnspjuespju Nspjujro`gqscugfrcpgjpcuopqscobjuj|iofju Nspju bc dpof oirspo w*j |pj|cfuju o gn|oerj
Cu io oeegõf bc ajppop ejf |ioeou sf `ourgbjp cf sfo j on`ou eopou -ofeju j |oponcfrju' w bc sfo ajpno oircpfobo& Ug iou |ioeou pcqsgcpcf bc ejprcu j |cpajpoegjfcu) uc bc`cf pcoig{op ugdsgcfbj ij ucÿoiobj cf curc nofsoi -Qcp uceegõf Mcppongcfrou'& Io us|cpegc bc o|jwj bc iou |ioeou bc`c curop fgciobo j espobo ucdûf ci rg|j bc nspj& Iju rjpfgiiju bc opnobo bci `ourgbjp bc`cf ucp bc eo`c{o c}rpo |iofo |opo sf nckjp oucfrongcfrj bc iou iïngfou& Ci cn|ioeobj bc`c pcoig{opuc cf ci jpbcf c}|pcuobj cf ci Dpïej ?<&
Dpïej E&?&?
Dpïej E&?&??
GN\JPROFRC
Ci CRCP@JOPB oerûo uj`pc ci `ourgbjp ejnj sf oppgjurpongcfrj mjpg{jfroi rjroi) ij qsc bgungfswc ci suj bc egfrou bc pcascp{j mjpg{jfroi) bgodjfoi j eps{ bc uof Ofbpçu) ugrsoegõf çuro qsc fj jesppc esofbj uc cn|ioeo ejf eoprõf wcuj -Dw|usn toii'& Iou eopoercpîurgeou aîugej nceïfgeou bci CRCP@JOPB ic ejfcpcf curo esoigbob curpserspoi) qsc cu sf |isu bc `cfcegj u& ci suj bc ro`gqsc cf iïngfou bc wcuj& \pjdponou bc eïiesij ejnj ci Pguo 5B w ci OGUGTGF ― BUG |cpngrcf ci bgncfugjfongcfrj bc |cpicu ejf oiro ejfo`gigbob& † Opqscoju |cpngug`icu
Iou esoigbobcu iongfopcu bci CRCP@JOPB |cpngrcf opqscobju bc pobgju 6 0n& \opo pobgju Dpïej E&?&?<`& @jpbcu bc |ioeo&
ncfjpcu uc bc`c ci norcpgoi ncbgofrc sfo gfncpugõf cf o`iofbop odso bspofrc = mjpou ejnj nîfgnj ofrcu bc |pjecbcp oi opqscobj& Ci Dpïej E&?? nscurpo iju pobgju bc opqscobj |opo ci CRCP@JOPB cf cu|cujpcu bc 1 o ?< nn&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
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† Njsioegjfcu
Ujf iou bgurofegou cfrpc ckcu bc |opoicu& Iou njbsioegjfcu curïf cf pcioegõf ejf iou ujigegrsbcu curpserspoicu w io ajpno bc cn|ioeobj& Iou ejppgcfrcu ujf; Eobo 1? en) 2=)=) 2<)4 w 5<)3&
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Dpïej E&?&?0& Rg|ju bc cn|ioeobj&
E&?&0&5 RJPFGIIJU W AGKOEGJFCU Iju nspju j ro`gqscu ejfurpsgbju cf ucej ejf |ioeou CRCP@JOPB srgig{of rpcu rg|ju bc koegjfcu; ?& Ofeiokcu w eioju bc opgju rg|ju |opo kop ci `ourgbjp oi usurporj `ouc& 0& Rjpfgiiju rg|j R? w RMC] |opo ci opnobj bc iju `ourgbjpcu bc eo`c{o c}rpo |iofo) -|of mcob' j dop`of{j |opo ci opnobj bc `ourgbjpcu& 5& Rjpfgiiju R\A -Rjpfgiij CRCP@JOPB' |opo io koegõf bc iou |ioeou oi `ourgbjp& Bc|cfbgcfbj bci eoig`pc bc çurc w bci cu|cujp bc io |ioeo) ci rjpfgiij |scbc j fj) rpocp oicrou& Iju rjpfgiiju uc kof srgig{ofbj orjpfgiiobjpcu ciçerpgeju) |pjgurju bc |sfro \mgiig|u %0 w ejf pcdsioegõf bc rjpqsc w apcfj&
Iou koegjfcu uc cuejdcf bc oescpbj oi usurporj bc ofeiokc& Cf non|jurcpîou) ejfepcrj w ncroi) asfegjfof bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc ofeiokcu cf ajpno w pcugurcfego o io c}rpoeegõf) eopdo w ejprc& Ejfusirc ci |pjdpono dporsgrj |opo `okop bc io pcb \pju& Ofemjp ?&=&< cf cu|oÿji -MGIRG'&
E&?&0&2 EGFROU) UCIIJU W NOUGIIOU \opo ijdpop ejf sfo CRCP@JOPB us|cpegc iguouccfpcqsgcpc iju nspju ejfurpsgbju sf rporongcfrj cf usu ksfrou bc ejfurpseegõf w |oponcfrju c}|scurju& Curj uc j`rgcfc ejf ci suj bc egfrou w nougiiou CRCPEJOR NP w CRCPDIOUU MA w NA& Iou egfrou bc noiio) \QE |cpajpobj) w |o|ci ejf ckcu ncrïigeju gfejp|jpobju oerûof ejnj pcascp{j cf ci rporongcfrj bc iou ksfrou& Curou egfrou qscbof jesirou |jp io nougiio w |oprgeg|of cf io ejfajpnoegõf bc iju w pcnorcu c}|scurju& Iou ksfrou ouî rporobou fj uc ejfugbcpof ksfrou c}g`icu fg nõgicu& Iju uciiju ujf norcpgoicu ciourj|iïurgeju ejnj iou ugigejfou) |jigspcrofju) nougiiou ciïurgeou) ejpbjfcu bc |jigspcrofj c}|ofbgbj) qsc uc suof cf ci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou bc c}|ofugõf) nõgicu j iou iionobou ksfrou bc ejfrpji&
E&?&5&0 NSPJ UGN\IC bC bJU EOPOU Ejfurpsgbj ejf bju |ioeou CRCP@JOPB kobou ejf rjpfgiij o sf `ourgbjp ecfrpoi j cuqscicrj& Us ûfgeo asfegõf bc uc|opop bju on`gcfrcu gfrcpgjpcu) w ejf sfo oirspo fj nowjp o 5<3 en& Ug ci cu|oegj cfrpc |oponcfrju cu ij usegcfrc ncfrc ofemj
Dpïej E&?&?2& † Ksfrou c gioroegõf
Ci cn|ioeobj uc pcoig{o) bckofbj uc|opoegjfcu cfrpc |ioeou -5 o ?< nn' -Dpïej E&?&?3' w ejfrpo jrpju cicncfrju bc io ejfurpseegõf) ejnj gdou bc ejfepcrj) oecpj j nobcpo) nspju bc non|jurcpîo cre) cf |pccfegõf o iju njgngcfrju |pj|gju bc iju cicncfrju w jrpju cuascp{ju -njgngcfrju uîungeju) g`poegjfcu) oucfrongcfrju) c}|ofugjfcu'& S`geoegõf Cfrpc |ioeou \ioeonspjwegcijpouj \ioeonspjw|guj
E&?&5&? NSPJ UGN\IC bC SFO EOPO Cu ci ejfurpsgbj ajppofbj ci `ourgbjp |jp sfo ujio eopo -Dpïej E&?&?3' w uc suo ejnj bggugõf ugn|ic j nspj bc jesirongcfrj&
Curou bgioroegjfcu j ksfrou uc rporof ucdûf ij |pcuepgrj cf ci eo|îrsij bc rporongcfrj bc ksfrou& E&?&5 RG\JU BC NSPJU UCEJU Ci CRCP@JOPB |cpngrc io ejfurpseegõf bc nspju |iofju w opqscobju) eobo sfj bc ciiju |scbc rcfcp asfegjfcu cu|cegoig{obou -oguiongcfrju) pcascp{ju' ejf bgacpcfrcu ronoÿju w pcugurcfegou&
Ajrj E&?&2& Nspju bggujpgju) E&E& Ci Pcrgpj . @jdjrï&
† Nspj ugn|ic cu|cegoig{oj ejnj E&?&5&5 NSPJ UGN\IC CU\CEGOIG[ObJ Ejf ci suj bc norcpgoicu ejn|icncfropgju) iju oguiofrc c o|jp w msnco nspju ugn|icu |scbcf ejfcprgpuc cf nspju Sfo |ciîesio |iïurgeo cfrpc ci `ourgbjp w io |ioeo cu|cegoig{obju cf ci oguiongcfrj bc eoijp) psgbju) bc sf nspj ugn|ic) ijdpo sfo `oppcpo bc o|jp ascdj) msncbob w pcugurcfego o gn|oerju & j msncbob cfrpc |opïncrpju& Iou |ciîesiou |iïurgeou) |jigcrgicfj) |jigcurgpcfj) |o|cicu rg|j Hpoar) cfecpobju) |ioeou bc |jigspcrofj j |o|ci † Nspj ugn|ic cu|cegoig{oj cf bc oisngfgj) ujf srgig{obou |opo ciij& oguiongcfrj rcpnj.oeûurgej Ci oguiongcfrj bc psgbj w eoijp bc sf cu|oegj gfrcpgjp o jrpj c}gdc qsc iju nspju ejfrcfdof norcpgoicu gfmcpcfrcu o curou ujigegrsbcu8 ouî) ci
cu|oegj cfrpc |oponcfrju suobjw |opo io ejijeoegõf bc usu cu|snou pîdgbou)cu|ioeou nofrju bc iofo ngfcpoi j bc gbpgj) qsc o|igeofbj ci Ugurcno Nouo Pcujprc Nouo -`oppcpo) o`ujp`cfrc' j`rgcfc ucdûf usu eopoercpîurgeou) bgacpcfrcu oijpcu bc oguiongcfrj& Dpïej E&?&?4 † Nspj ugn|ic cu|cegoig{oj cf pcugurcfego
o gn|oerju w ejpro ascdj Curju nspju uc ejfurpswcf oi gdsoi qsc iju ugn|icu) |cpj ejf ci suj bc opgou |ioeou us|cp|scurou w kobou o on`ju iobju bci `ourgbjp) ejf ci ngunj j bgacpcfrc cu|cujp w oircpfobou uj`pc ci |pgncp cn|ioeobj) iscdj uc orjpfgiiof o çurc) ejf ij qsc uc ejfugdsc sf cfdpjuongcfrj bci |oponcfrj w nckjp oguiongcfrj) pgdgbc{ w pcugurcfego&
Dpïej E&?&?1
GN\JPROFRC
Iju nspju bc bggugõf fj curïf eo|oegrobju |opo pceg`gp cuascp{ju o}goicu) uõij uc ejfugbcpo us |cuj w eopdo iorcpoi bc (*. 03 hd*n° |opo ci eïiesij bc iou bcc}gjfcu |cpngrgbou& Iju nspju gfrcpgjpcu bc eopdo uc bgucÿof |opo uj|jprop us |cuj) jrpju obgegjfoicu w eopdou o}goicu 9> ?73 hd*n°&
Ejf iïngfou oguiofrcu j pcropbofrcu bci ascdj w ejijeobou gfrcpgjpncfrc) uc j`rgcfcf nspju ejpro ascdj bc c}ecicfrc ejn|jprongcfrj cf iju ugfgcurpju bc gfecfbgj& Ci `igfbokc uc ijdpo ejijeofbj iïngfou ncrïigeou ofrcu bc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB& O nowjp cu|cujp bc çurou) us ujigbc{ w eo|oegbob bc pcugurcfego o gn|oerju uc gfepcncfro&
Ci CRCP@JOPB cu sf norcpgoi gfcprc) gfejn`surg`ic fj dcfcpo iionou fg msnj) rcpnj curo`ic w pcropbofrc cf io |pj|odoegõf bci ascdj&
E&?&5&3 NSPJU bC DPOF OIRSPO Sfo o|igeoegõf gn|jprofrc bc iou ejfurpseegjfcu cf ucej ujf iju nspju bc dpof oirspo qsc ejf us `okj |cuj) curo`gigbob w ugunj pcugurcfego) aoegigrof us s`geoegõf cf cu|oegju on|igju ejnj uoijfcu bc c}|jugegõf) osbgrjpgju) ejncpegju w jrpju qsc pcqsgcpof cuju dpofbcu ajpnorju& Iou bgncfugjfcu bci nspj w us suj bcrcpngfof ci cu|cujp bci CRCP@JOPB) iou eopoercpîurgeou bci `ourgbjp) bc iju ofeiokcu) koegjfcu w bc jrpju norcpgoicu&
Dpïej E&?&?7 Nspj ejf `ourgbjp objuobj
Curc nçrjbj pces|cpo nspju bc non|jurcpîo cf noi curobj w jesiro gfuroioegjfcu& Ci `ourgbjp qsc uc cfescfrpo objuobj j pcejurobj oi nspj bc usurporj uc ckcesro ejf |cpicu Jncdo w njbsioegjfcu bc 1? o 2<)4 E*s en) io gfuroioegõf bc pgjurpou E*?00 en io bcfc ci cn|ioeobj&
Dpïej E&?&0?
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
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GN\JPROFRC
Cf iju nspju bc dpof oirspo io bcc}gõf nï}gno |cpngrgbo cu; I*02< |opo nspju ugf pces`pgngcfrju w I*51< |opo nspju ejf cfemo|cu ecpïngeju& Ci ofïigugu w eïiesij curpserspoi bc eobo |pjwcerj) bopï ci rg|j bc |cpi w eoig`pc) njbsioegjfcu bci `ourgbjp) rg|j w eofrgbob bc koegjfcu w fûncpj w cu|cujp bc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB&
U J E C U U J P S N
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E&?&5&4 NSPJU CF ÏFDSIJ Ejf curc ugurcno uc pcuscicf gfejfcfgcfrcu cf io ejfurpseegõf bc |opcbcu j ro`gqscu cf {gd{od& Sf ucfegiij `ourgbjp qsc ejfajpno iju çprgecu ejf sfo iïngfo bj`iobo cf ci ïfdsij pcqscpgbj w qsc obcnïu bc dsîo cu pcascp{j w `ouc bc koegõf&
E&?&5&1 NSPJU ESPQJU Io ejfurpseegõf bc nspju espju -opqscobju' ejf iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc aoegigro bc jrpju nçrjbju bc ckcesegõf cf qsc oucbgacpcfego ejfgcprc cf sfo j`po bc oiro ejn|ickgbob w pcqsgcpc j|cpopgju eoigeobju& \opo ijdpop curc cacerj cf opqscobju usocu uc |scbc o|pjcemop io c}g`gigbob |pj|go bc iou |ioeou bc `okj cu|cujp& Ug ci opqscobj cu nowjp) cu fcecuopgj uorspop iou |ioeou bc msncbob |jp gfncpugõf bspofrc = mjpou ofrcu bc us suj w bc opqscopiou cf ajpnoicro j bgpceroncfrc cf ci `ourgbjp& Oi ejijeop iju rjpfgiiju bc koegõf uc bc`c ejfugbcpop qsc io |ioeo curï `iofbo&
Dpïej E&?&05
Dpïej E&?&00
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b@ > Bceg`ci > Bceg`cigj; Sfgbob bci fgci bc gfrcfugbob cqsgoic o io bçegno bc sf `ci ujfjpo j `cigjqsc -sfgbob `ïugeo bci fgci|oprc bc gfrcfugbob ujfjpo'& Io ejfrongfoegõf oeûurgeo uc ngbc cf bceg`cigju& Us uîn`jij cu b@& Sf ujfgbj nowjp o bjec `cigju cu gfuj|jpro`ic |opo ci jîbj msnofj& E&?&2&5 MSNCbOb W QO\JP \opo cgrop ejfbcfuoegjfcu cf iju nspju gfrcpgjpcu esofbj iou bgacpcfegou cf iou ejfbgegjfcu bc msncbob pciorgo oi gfrcpgjp w c}rcpgjp bc io cbgeoegõf ij c}gko. uc bc`cf ejijeop |ciîesiou j iïngfou oguiofrcu bci o|jp cfrpc ci `ourgbjp w ci cn|ioeobj bci iobj gfrcpgjp bc io cbgeoegõf -Dpïej E&?&?4'& Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB qsc curçf c}|scurou o ejf msncbob GN\PGNOFRC j o|jp&) EJIJPECI bc`cf ucp rporobou |jp usu|pcgoncfrc bju eopou) |opo j`rcfcp bc curc njbj) sfo gn|cpnco`gigbob mgbpjpc|cicfrc&
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E&?&3&? bCUEPG\EGÕF bCI \PJECUJ o& Ckcu c ejfurpseegõf; Uj`pc io us|cpegc iguo w fgciobo uc rpo{of bju ckcu bc |oponcfrj bc iou eofoicu& Ejf ci suj bc sfo |ijnobo j fgciobjp iïucp uc curo`icec io nguno bcnopeoegõf cf io |ioeo us|cpgjp bc o|jwj |opo iju eouju bc nspju ejffobju& `& Agkoegõf c eofoicu; Uc suof ofeiokcu |iïurgeju w rjpfgiiju) eonguou c}|ofugou j eioju bc oecpj ucdûfUgijiou bcrcpngfc ejfurpsergj& eofoicu|pcgoncfrc uc gfuroiofci |iofj uj`pc |oponcfrju c}|scurju oi c}rcpgjp) bc`cf iicop cfrpc ciiou w io `ouc bc o|jwj sf norcpgoi bc uciij mgbpïsigej rg|j ugigejfo j egfrou cf cu|sno oguiofrc& e& Agkoegõf c |opoicu; Iju |opoicu uc gfuroiof gfucprïfbjiju cfrpc iou eofoicu -Dpïej E&?&3') bc`gboncfrc |ijnobju w o iou uc|opoegjfcu w njbsioegjfcu pcqscpgbou) uc kof o iou eofoicu ejf rjpfgiiju) rcfgcfbj cf escfro qsc cf iju ugrgju qsc ucof es`gcprju |jp |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc suopïf c}rpo|iofju& & Gfuroioegjfcu; Ofrcu bc gfgegop io ejijeoegõf bc iou |ioeou uc bc`cf gfuroiop rjbju iju rs`ju w oeecujpgju ciçerpgeju) mgbpïsigeju) cre& c& Cn|ioeoj; Uc ajppo ci `ourgbjp ejf iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB oucdspïfbjiou ejf rjpfgiiju R\A w bckofbj ksfrou cfrpc ciiou bc nîfgnj 5 nn&
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E&?&4 DSÎO BC BGUCßJ W EÏIESIJ Iju eïiesiju w cu|cegeoegjfcu pcu|jfbcf o io o|igeoegõf bc iou fjpnou poegjfobou w c}gdgbou |opo curju cacerju& \opo iju nspju gfrcpgjpcu fj c}|scurju o |pcugjfcu bc gcfrj) iou bcrcpngfofrcu bci bgucÿj ujf; Iou eopdou) cuascp{ju bc rjpugõf w iou bcc}gjfcu&
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E&0&? EOPOERCPÎURGEOU CURPSERSPOICU Iou aoemobou rgcfcf ci ejn|jprongcfrj curpserspoi bc sf nspj c}rcpgjp |jprofrc) ejffobj j usu|cfbgbj qsc curopï c}|scurj o aoerjpcu Dpïej E&0&? on`gcfroicu w aîugeju& Cf ci eïiesij curpserspoi bc iou aoemobou uc rjnof cf escfro iou eopdou curïrgeou Ejf iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc ckcesrof aoemobou -eopdo nscpro j |cuj |pj|gj' w iou bgfïngeou w ecppongcfrju |iofju j bc bgcpuou dcjncrpîou& -gcfrju) ugunju' w o |oprgp bc curou bcrcpngfofrcu Çurc asfegjfo cf rjbou aoegigrofbj iou pcdgjfcuus uc cu|cegeof us `ourgbjp) njbsioegjfcu) w norcpgoi ejfbgegjfcu on`gcfroicu) oeecujpgju) koegjfcu w ofeiokcu& nofrcfgngcfrj w pcurospoegõf w cu obcesobj |opo rjbj rg|j cbgeoegjfcu& E&0&0 EJN\JFCFRCU
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Iju pcqscpgngcfrju w ujigegrsbcu curpserspoicu bc † Agkoegõf mjpg{jfroi iou aoemobou bc|cfbcf bc us rg|j w ronoÿj) po{õf |jp io esoi iju eoig`pcu bc usu curpserspou bc uj|jprc ujf nowjpcu qsc iou bc iju nspju gfrcpgjpcu& Iju eoig`pcu 00 w 0< ujf iju nïu ejppgcfrcu cf aoemobou& Cf jrpou o|igeoegjfcu uc srgig{of cu|cujpcu nowjpcu qsc uc ao`pgeof cf iou ijfdgrsbcu pcqscpgbou& \opoicu -uceegõf E') eofoicu -uceegõf S' w jncdou -uceegõf T') ujf iju |cpicu ncrïigeju suobju cf io ao`pgeoegõf bc `ourgbjpcu bc aoemobo&
E&0&0&0 \IOEOU \IOFOU CRCP@JOPB Ci CRCP@JOPB pcejncfbobj |opo iou o|igeoegjfcu bc aoemobou w ecppongcfrju rgcfc cu|cujpcu bc ?<)?2 )?4 w 0< nn& CU\CUJP
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U J R F C G N O P P C E W U O B O M E O A
Dpïej E&0&5& Bcu|gcec bci ofeiokc&
Cu io koegõf gfrcpfo bci `ourgbjp bc aoemobo o sfo curpserspo bc ejfepcrj j ncroi) cf io qsc ci `ourgbjp fj pcqsgcpc sf ofeiokc bc oirj bcucn|cÿj curpserspoi) wo qsc iou eopdou bc io aoemobo ujf bgurpg`sgbou uj`pc io curpserspo `ïugeo w ciio iou bgurpg`swc |pj|jpegjfoincfrc&
Cu io koegõf c}rcpfo bci `ourgbjp bc aoemobo o sfo curpserspo bc ejfepcrj j ncroi ncbgofrc io ejijeoegõf bc oeecujpgju cf ajpno bc ïfdsij qsc curïf |cpajpobju cf us oino w oio w qsc E&0&0&5 OFEIOKCU W AGKOEGJFCU bc |ioroajpno bc koegõf o iju |opoicu \opo bop usurcfroegõf oi `ourgbjp bc sfo aoemobo ugpcf suofbj rjpfgiiju w ofeiokcu& Curju oeecujpgju uc cf ucej) cn|ioeobo) o iju oepguroiongcfrju) oksurof oi fgci pcqscpgbj ofrcu bc o|igeopic ci gfuroioegjfcu) oeo`obju w jrpju) uc bc`c |op bc ascp{o& nopeopuc ckcu mjpg{jfroicu bgu|jfcp bc iju oeecujpgju w ofeiokcu o|pj|gobju w cprgeoicu |opoBc`cf sfo oigfcoegõf ejppcero bc rjbju w bcrcpngfobju cf ci eïiesij curpserspoi -ejprc) usu ejn|jfcfrcu& rpoeegõf) pjroegõf) ejppjugõf ascdj'& Iju ofeiokcu ujf cicncfrju ncrïigeju bcw oucdspongcfrj qsc Curju cuqscnou bc koegõf ujf sfo dsîo bc uc kof nceïfgeo j qsîngeoncfrc& Ejf ciiju uc ejn|pcfugõf bc eobo sfj bc iju nçrjbju |scbcf ofeiop iju `ourgbjpcu bc ajpno mjpg{jfroi) bcuepgrju w fj pcn|io{of ci bgucÿj w eïiesij bc sf |pjacugjfoi bci ïpco pcu|cergo& cprgeoi j cf on`ju ucfrgbju& UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
27
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U J E C U U J P S N
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\opo cicdgp io koegõf qsc uc obo|rc nckjp o eobo o|igeoegõf bc aoemobo) uc bc`cf rcfcp cf escfro cfrpc jrpju) iju ugdsgcfrcu ou|cerju; ?& Srgig{op koegjfcu bc oecpj doiofg{obj |opo ofeiokcu gfrcpgjpcu w fj c}|scurju o io gfrcn|cpgc j |opo iju ofeiokcu |pjgugjfoicu& 0& Srgig{op Ofeiokcu bc oecpj gfj}gbo`ic |opo iju ugrsobju cf ci c}rcpgjp j cf on`gcfrcu odpcugju -ïegbju) mûncbju) uoigrpjuju'& 5& Cu gn|pcuegfbg`ic qsc ci norcpgoi bci ofeiokc uco ejn|org`ic ejf iju jrpju norcpgoicu bci fjbj bc koegõf j |sfrj bc sfgõf bc iju |opoicu ejf iju oeecujpgju bc koegõf) ejf ci f bc cgrop |pj`icnou bc ejppjugõf bc`gbj o io sfgõf cicerpjiîrgeo cfrpc iju bgacpcfrcu oecpju& 2& Eoiesiop iou bgncfugjfcu w rg|j bc ofeiokc cf ejfejpbofego ejf iju cuascp{ju) |cuj rjroi bc io aoemobo) eopdou obngug`icu) ejprofrcu w jrpju& Ejfusirc |pjdponou bc bgucÿj w cfrpc ciiju ci \pju& Ofemjp ?&=&< cf cu|oÿji -MGIRG' On`gcfrc
Iou ejfbgegjfcu ncbgjon`gcfroicu bcrcpngfof ci rg|j w norcpgoi bci ofeiokc& Bcuroeonju qsc ci CRCP@JOPB cu gfnsfc o rjbou ciiou& † rpgu kegõ
Cf io opnobo bc `ourgbjpcu bc aoemobou uc srgig{of rjpfgiiju R?) curpserspo bc eo`c{o |iofo) \of mcob j mc}odjfoi w rjpfgiiju R\A -CRCP@JOPB' |opo kop iou |ioeou c}rcpfou j gfrcpfou& Iju rjpfgiiju bc`cf curop |pjrcdgbju ejfrpo io j}gboegõf w ejppjugõf&
Dpïej E&0&2& Bgurofegou bc iju rjpfgiiju bc koegõf& † Ugun kegõ upsesp `ïuge nïge -dpïeu 0&3 w 0&1'
Cf curo koegõf) ci suj bc ujibobspou |scbc pcn|io{op oidsfju ofeiokcu& Cu sf |pjecuj nïu pï|gbj) |cpj c}gdc sfo |cpacero oigfcoegõf cprgeoi w mjpg{jfroi) wo qsc iju oeecujpgju bc koegõf -ïfdsiju' sfo c{ ujibobju fj uc bcu|io{of w bgesirof sfo oigfcoegõf |jurcpgjp&
E&0&5 RG\JU BC AOEMOBOU Iou aoemobou ejfurpsgbou cf ucej gfesiobou o curpserspou `ïugeou bc ejfepcrj j oecpj) bci rg|j curofeo j pccfrgiobo |scbcf ucp; EJFAGFOBOU -|oponcfrj cn`c`gbj j jiobj') \JPROFRCU -jrofrcu j bc ejprgfo' w PCQCURGNGCFRJU ejijeobju uj`pc non|jurcpîou c}gurcfrcu bc sfo ajpno objuobo j o|igeobo&
U J R F C G N O P P C E W U O B O M E O A
E&0&5&? AOEMOBO EJFAGFOBO
Dpïej E&0&3
† E |pn n``g
Cu io qsc uc ejfurpswc bc roi ajpno qsc ci `ourgbjp bc uj|jprc j curpserspo qscbo gfuepgrj cf io curpserspo `ïugeo w ci cn|ioeobj ajpno ci ngunj |oponcfrj ejf ci cfrpc|guj |opo pceg`gp oeo`obj j bgioroegõf&
E&0
Dpïej E&0&1 † Nsegu kegõ
Io njbsioegõf -uc|opoegõf cfrpc ckcu bc |opoicu' bc|cfbc bci rg|j bc aoemobo) us oirspo w jrpju pcqscpgngcfrju curpserspoicu8 iou nïu susoicu cf cn|ioeobju |opoiciju -cprgeoicu' ujf; 1?) 2<&4 w 5<&3 en w cf cn|ioeobju |cp|cfbgesiopcu Dpïej E&0&= -rpofucpuoicu' ujf; 1?) 2=&=) 2<&4 w 5<&3& † Ejf |oponcfrj qjiobj Ugngiop o io ofrcpgjp) ejf io bgacpcfego qsc ci GN\JPROFRC cn|ioeobj |ouo c}rcpfj w es`pc ci cfrpc|guj& Iou aoemobou opqscobou pcqsgcpcf bc Sfo ajpno bc ckcesropio cu ejijeofbj apofkou njbsioegjfcu ncfjpcu -2<&4 w 5<&3' |opo ijdpop qsc uc kof o bju |cpicu Jncdo ejijeobju cf sf nckjp cacerj bc espobj) ouî ngunj uc pcqsgcpc ci cfrpc|guj cf ucfrgbj mjpg{jfroi& bc sf nowjp fûncpj bc rjpfgiiju -E*0<) 03 en' qsc dopofrgecf io usurcfroegõf bc io |ioeo&
Dpïej E&0&4
Dpïej E&0&7 UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
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EJPRGFO Curou aoemobou uc ejfurpswcf bc roi ajpno qsc us `ourgbjp qscbo c}rcpfj o io curpserspo `ïugeo epcofbj sf |oponcfrj ejidobj w bc eopïercp osrj |jprofrc& Ncbgofrc ci suj bc oeecujpgju bc koegõf o|cpfobju j ujibobju o io curpserspo bci cfrpc|guj w bgurofegobju o io njbsioegõf pcqscpgbo) uc ejijeof iju |opoicu qsc ucpgpïf bc `ourgbjp |opo io koegõf bci CRCP@JOPB& Ejf curc ugurcno uc aoegigro io ejfurpseegõf bc opgobju bgucÿju w ajpnou opqsgrcerõfgeou&
GN\JPROFRC CI CRCP@JOPB uc bc`c msncbcecp |jp gfncpugõf
cf odso |jp sf |cpgjbj bc = mjpou ofrcu bc |pjecbcp oi espobj& Oi kop iou |ioeou uc bc`c rcfcp esgbobj bc fj o|igeop bcnougobo ascp{o oi rjpfgiij wo qsc ci norcpgoi uc cfescfrpo `iofbj&
E&0&5&5 PCES@PGNGCFRJU
E&0
Dpïej E&0&?< † b |pn pqs
Sfo bc iou eopoercpîurgeou bci CRCP@JOPB) cu us eo|oegbob bc opqscopuc w obj|rop iou esporspou bci `ourgbjp& Çurou ajpnou uc ijdpof ejijeofbj iju |opoicu cfeokobju cf eofoicu bc uofdpobj o`gcprj j ecppobj) pcajp{obj ejf sfo egfro ncrïigeo kobo o ij iopdj bci oio uofdpobo ejfajpnofbj sf |cpi espj bc koegõf w dsîo&
Dpïej E&0&?? 30
Dpïej E&0&?0
Ejf CRCP@JOPB uc pcoig{of pces`pgngcfrju bc non|jurcpîou cf rpo`okju bc pcnjbcioegõf s j`po fsco) uj`pc nspju pc|ciiobju) pûurgeju j epsbju) suofbj |cpicu Jncdo uj`pc iou non|jurcpîou& Ug ci nspj o pces`pgp cu bc dpof oirspo uc bc`cf suop cf ci `ourgbjp) |cpicu E w S -|opoicu w eofoicu' w |pccp ksfrou bc ejfrpji j bgioroegõf& Uj`pc ci |cpi jncdo uc orjpfgiiof iou |ioeou ugdsgcfbj iju |pjecbgngcfrju ejfjegbju bc gfuroioegõf -Ucfrgbj mjpg{jfroi j |opoicij ejf ci oircpfobj bc iou |ioeou'& Cf oidsfou ejfurpseegjfcu qsc ujigegrcf ogpcoegõf uc |pj|jfcf pces`pgngcfrju pccfrgiobju) qsc ejfugurcf |ioeou cf rjbou usu cf opgurou |opouc|opobou |cpngrgp cinîfgnj gfdpcuj?bcenogpc& Curc nçrjbj c}gdc io ejijeoegõf bc bj`ic |cpicpîo |opo ijdpop iou cfrpobou bc ogpc oi gfrcpgjp bci pces`pgngcfrj&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
0&3 OEO@OBJU BC AOEMOBO
† rg|u pes`pgng
Sfj bc iju norcpgoicu bc oeo`obj |opo aoemobou w pces`pgngcfrju cu io |gfrspo EJIJPECI cio`jpobo cf `ouc oepîigeo bc oirj pcfbgngcfrj w es`pgngcfrj& Us eo|oegbob bc o`ujpegõf bc iju powju sirpo gjicro w us rpofu|gpo`gigbob ejf eo|oegbob gn|cpnco`ic ic moecf sfo c}ecicfrc j|egõf |opo ci oeo`obj bc aoemobou ejf |ioeou CRCP@JOPB&
† cem| epïnge u`p CRCP@JOPB
U J E C U U J P S N
Dpïej 0&?5
ER?& Ecppongcfrj c}rcpgjp |opo oeo`obj bc us|cpegc iguo) |opo |gfrspo j cfemo|cu& ER0& Ecppongcfrj bgiorobj o bj`ic jncdo |opo aoemobou pccfrgiobou) qsc |cpngrc io egpesioegõf bc ogpc gn|siuobj |jp |pcugõf w bgacpcfegou bc rcn|cporspo& ER5& Ecppongcfrj ejf bgioroegõf uciiobo ejf egfro bc |ioeo CRCP@JOPB bc 1 nn w bc ofemj opgo`ic) pcejfjegbo ejnj ecppongcfrj cf ugurcno pcrgesiop |opo oeo`obj o io guro suofbj |cpfju bc iskj cf oecpj j nougiiobo |opo pceg`gp |gfrspo iguo j bc rc}rspo& E&0&2 RPORONGCFRJ BC KSFROU Iju nçrjbju bc rporongcfrj bc ksfrou cf iou aoemobou) ujf iju ngunju suobju cf iou bcnïu o|igeoegjfcu -norcpgoicu |opo c}rcpgjpcu pcugurcfrcu o io msncbob) powju ujiopcu -rcpnjcuro`icu') ofrg mjfdju w oidou -`gjegbo''&
Ajrj E&0&5& Ecfrpj bc ccfrju bci Qoiic bci \oeîej&
E&?
Dpïej E&0&?2
\opo curc oeo`obj uc pcejngcfbo io |cdo bc iou ro`icrou ecpïngeou `okju cu|cujpcu ejf ijuw njprcpju oepîigeju bcbcejn|jugegõf mgbpjasdofrc bc nîfgno pcrpoeegõf \opo ejijeop curou |gc{ou uj`pc CRCP@JOPB cu |psbcfrc gfgegop ejf sf ïfdsij ncrïigej bc o|jwj qsc iou ujurcfdo ngcfrpou uc cacerûo ci apodsobj& Curc nçrjbj cu gdsoi |opo rjbju iju cfemo|cu bc `oibjuou&
Fjro; Curju borju ujf bc gfajpnoegõf dcfcpoi w ascpjf rjnobju bc opgju bjesncfrju bci GBCON) S\N) Ngfgurcpgj bci On`gcfrc) Qggcfbo w Bcuoppjiij rcppgrjpgoi w bci Ngfgurcpgj bc ngfou w cfcpdîo bc io Pc|û`igeo bc Ejijn`go&
Ejfugbcpoegjfcu cf io gfuroioegõf bc io-u' |ioeo-u' |opo nspju bggujpgju w*j gfrcpgjpcu . Eouj ?; \ioeo bc \ofci Wcuj bc ?0&3 nn |jp on`ou eopou bci nspj& . Eouj 0; \ioeo bc \ofci Wcuj bc ?0&3 nn |jp sfo eopo bci nspj w ugf pccurgngcfrj cf io eopo j|scuro& . Eouj 5; \ioeo bc Ag`pjecncfrj bc ?< nn |jp sfo eopo bci nspj w \ioeo bc \ofci Wcuj bc?0&3 nn cf io eopo j|scuro & Ejfugbcpoegjfcu cf io gfuroioegõf bc io-u' |ioeo-u' |opo nspju bc aoemobo . Eouj ?; \ioeo bc Ag`pjecncfrj bc ?< nn |jp on`ou eopou bci nspj& . Eouj 0; \ioeo bc Ag`pjecncfrj bc ?< nn |jp sfo eopo bci nspj w \ioeo bc \ofci Wcuj bc?0&3 nn cf io eopo j|scuro & . Eouj 5; \ioeo bc Ag`pjecncfrj bc ?< nn |jp sfo eopo bci nspj w ugf pccurgngcfrj cf io eopo j|scuro&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
33
U J R F C G N O P P C E W U O B O M E O A
E&0
Fjrou; . Fj j`urofrc curou owsbou bc eïiesij) pcej. ncfbonju qsc iju bgucÿj ucof pcguobju |jp sf gfdcfgcpj ejn|crcfrc qsgcf bc`c ecprgaeop io abcigbob bc iju |pjecbgngcfrju w io o|igeo`gigbob bc us srgig{oegõf& . Io gfajpnoegõf oqsî gfeisgbo FJ EJN\PJNCRC o \cpaionju U&O&) fg o CRCPFGR ¦) wo qsc cu bc ig`pc w jisfropgo o|igeoegõf& . Iou eopdou ejfugbcpobou ejppcu|jfbcf o iju oijpcu bcafgbju |jp io Fjpno Ejijn`gofo bc Ugunjpcugurcfego ?77=) bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; \cuj rcko 4 hd*n° \cuj ejppcou 3 hd*n° Egcij Pouj ?< hd*n° Jrpou Eopdo 3 hd*n° . Ci |cuj bc iou |ioeou asc ejfugbcpobj bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; \ioeou bc Ag`pjecncfrj Crcp`jopb ?03&5hd* nn°' w OURN O31= D55 |opo iju bc ?&0nn -Aw>05&0hd*nn°'&
Fjrou bc eïiesij
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31
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
E&5 CFRPC\GUJU EJF CRCP@JOPB Sf cfrpc|guj cu ci cicncfrj bc ejfurpseegõf qsc uc|opo bju |guju) ugpc bc rcemj oi gfacpgjp w bc |guj
oi us|cpgjp& Iju cfrpc|guju uc mof ejfurpsgbj o ij iopdj bci rgcn|j cf bgacpcfrcu norcpgoicu w ajpnou& Oersoincfrc) ejf ci uspdgngcfrj bc ugurcnou cf ucej) uc mo ugn|igeobj curo o|igeoegõf) omjpo cu
igqgofo) bc pï|gbo ckcesegõf w nsw pcugurcfrc& Ejf ci ugurcno ejfurpsergqj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦ uc |scbcf
ejfurpsgp cfrpc|guju bc rjbj rg|j) bc oescpbj o io fjpno FUP.7= -rîrsij . A'&
E&5&? EOPOERCPÎURGEOU CURPSERSPOICU U J U G \ C P R F C
E&5
E&5&0&? \IOEOU \IOFOU CRCP@JOPB CiCRCP@JOPBpcejncfbobj |opo iou o|igeoegjfcu bc cfrpc|guj rgcfc cu|cujpcu bc ?2)?4 w 0< nn) curc cu|cujp curï cf asfegõf bc io eopdo w io bgurofegou cfrpc qgdscrou& Cfrpc nowjp uco io bgurofego cfrpc qgdscrou j njbsioegõf) nowjp ucpï ci cu|cujp bci CRCP@JOPB& CU\CUJP nn
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ejfepcrj noeg{j j oigdcpobj& @' Cejfjnîo) po|gbc{ w nîfgnju bcu|cpbgegju& E' Gfc}gurcfego bc cfejapobju&
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E&5&0&0 @OURGBJPCU*\CPAGICU NCRÏIGEJU Ci rpo`okj w asfegõf bc sf cfrpc|guj cu ejfugbcpobj curpserspoi) |jp roi po{õf iju |cpicu qsc
gfrcpqgcfcf cf us ejfurpseegõf ujf bc nowjpcu
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Dpïej E&5&5& Qgdscrou |cpajpobou&
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Dpïej E&5&3
\DS > \cpi doiofg{obj cf ajpno bc S& \DE > \cpi doiofg{obj cf ajpno bc E&
Ajrj E&5&0& @ourgbjp bc |guj uj`pc rcppcfj&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
37
E&5&0&2 EGFROU) NOUGIIOU W UCIIJU Jrpju ejn|jfcfrcu gn|jprofrcu cf io ejfurpseegõf bc cfrpc|guju ujf iju norcpgoicu |opo ci rporongcfrj bc iou ksfrou) j uciij mgbpïsigej cf oqsciiju cfrpc|guju qsc iju fcecugrcf) ejnj cu ci eouj
bc iju rcpngfobju ejf uj`pc|guju cf njprcpj j ejfepcrj o|igeobj bgpceroncfrc uj`pc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB& Iou egfrou bc noiio bc `po bc gbpgj) nougiiou CRCPEJOR MP w |pjbserju ciourj|iïurgeju j ugigejfobju) ujf norcpgoicu srgig{obju |opo ci rporongcfrj bc iou ksfrou cf curju eouju&
Sfo njicurgo bc iju cfrpc|guju igqgofju |scbc ucp io pcujfofego bc çurc ejfrpo ci ïpco gfacpgjp obwoecfrc) curc gfejfqcfgcfrc uc pcusciqc oguiofbj io qg`poegõf c gn|oerj ncbgofrc io ejijeoegõf bc sfo egfro bc cu|sno |iïurgeo cfrpc iou qgdscrou w iou |ioeou w ci suj bc nofrju bc `pou bc gbpgj
j ngfcpoi ejnj norcpgoi oguiofrc) ejijeobj cfrpc iou qgdscrou j cf ci \icfj ug mow egcij pouj& E&5&5 UGURCNOU BC CFRPC\GUJ E&5&5&? UGURCNO IGFCOI
|guj gfacpgjp ejnj bci us|cpgjp) ejfajpnofbj obcnïu ejf us curpserspo bc uj|jprc sfo sfgbob gfrcdpoi bci nspj w cfrpc|guj - @oiijjf apongfd'& Iou
E&5
eopdou o`ujp`gbou |jp iou gdscrou uc rpofucpcf
bgpceroncfrc o iju |opoicu cf curc eouj&
Dpïej E&5&1
Ci CRCP@JOPB ejf `jpbc pc`okobj uc pcejngcfbo ug uc rporof iou ksfrou bci cfrpc|guj ejf oeo`obj iguj o|rj |opo pceg`gp |guju |iïurgeju) iongfobju s jrpju qsc pcqsgcpof curo fgcioegõf bc us|cpegc
|opo us o|igeoegõf& W ejf `jpbc o cuesobpo |opo rporongcfrj bc cfrpc|guju ejf oeo`obj cf `oibjuou bc ecpïngeo) nïpnji s jrpju) bc |cdo mûncbo) cf curc eouj uc bckopï io eopo psdjuo bc io |ioeo moego oppg`o bc roi ajpno qsc ci norcpgoi
o iju |opoicu bci nspj bc uj|jprc) bc sfo ajpno bgurpg`sgbo&
Dpïej E&5&7& Rg|j ?
O io bcpcemo bci dpïej E&5&7 uc o|pcego io
eofoi bc egcppc o|jwobo uj`pc io qgdo bc uj|jprc) U J U G \ C P R F C
on`ou ofeiobou w objuobou oi nspj& Rg|j |gc{ou 0
†
Cf curc ugurcno uc ugn|igeo ci opnobj bc sf cfrpc|guj wo qsc io eofoi curpserspoi curï
bgpceroncfrc objuobo o iou qgdou bc io curpserspo w aoegigro us oeo`obj |jp io eopo gfacpgjp&
E&5
Dpïej E&5&=
E&5&5&5 UGURCNO OBJUOBJ Jrpo ajpno bc ckcesrop sf cfrpc|guj uc |pcucfro esofbj ci ngunj uc cfescfrpo cf sf cu|oegj ejffobj |jp ejfurpseegõf cf non|jurcpîo bc
Dpïej E&5&?<& Rg|j 0
`ijqsc) iobpgiij j bc ejfepcrj&
O io bcpcemo bci Dpïej E&5&?< uc o|pcego io
Uc eopoercpg{o |jpqsc io eofoi curpserspoi qsc
o io us|cpegc bc io gdo bc io curpserspo |pgfeg|oi) ejf ij qsc uc ijdpo sf oej|ic curpserspoi ign|gj&
Iju cfrpc|guju uceju) |scbcf norcpgoicu bc oeo`obju bc |guj)pceg`gp ucdûf bgacpcfrcu ci suj bci ngunj w ug cu bc eopïercp ucej j mûncbj ejnj cf iou mo`groegjfcu j `oÿju w ejegfou&
Cfrpc iju bgacpcfrcu norcpgoicu bc oeo`obju bc |guj curïf; Iju rc}rgicu -ro|crcu) oiajn`pou') ncionîfgeju -|guju iongfobju') nobcpou -noemgn`pcu) |opqscr) cfro`iobju') ejegbju -dpcu) ecpïngeou') |çrpcju -dpofgrju w nïpnjicu') ecncfrgegju -`oibjuou) |guju ofobju) ejfepcrj') qsîngeju -c|õ}geju) |jigspcrofju') |iïurgeju -|e) |jigcurgpcfj) igfõicj' cre& Us ajpno bc koegõf w
o|igeoegõf ug cu uceo j mûncbo) ci cu|cujp) |cuj w jrpju ejfbgegjfongcfrju uc rcfbpïf cf escfro
E&5
Dpïej E&5&?2
E&5&1 OPNOBO BC SF CFRPC\GUJ
Io opnobo bc sf cfrpc|guj bc|cfbc bc us rg|j; Gfrcdpoi j o|jwobj& Cf ci eouj bc iju cfrpc|guju gfrcdpoicu uc bc`cf rcfcp ckcesrobju iju nspju |jprofrcu qsc ejfajpnof ci |cpîncrpj bci
|pcgoncfrc oi bgucÿj bci cfrpc|guj&
cfrpc|guj) gfuroiobou iou eofoicu bc egcppc w uc |pjecbc o io ejijeoegõf bc iou qgdscrou ugdsgcfbj
E&5&3&? PCES@PGNGCFRJ NCIONÎFGEJ Iju cfrpc|guju mcemju ejf CRCP@JOPB aoegigrof io gfuroioegõf bc |guju bc nobcpo iongfobo
io njbsioegõf \opo ci eouj bcrcpngfobo& bc iju cfrpc|guju o|jwobju) uc bc`c rpo{op ejf mgij cfrg{obj ci fgqci w ci
|jp us us|cpegc iguo w fgciobo) qsc |cpngrc o curju |guju sf `scf bcucn|cÿj w jro`gigbob
bofbj c}ecicfrc |pcucfroegõf w curo`gigbob& Ug fj mow |pcucfego bc msncbob) fj uc pcqsgcpc ci
rporongcfrj bc ksfrou&
ejfrjpfj bci cfrpc|guj) |jurcpgjpncfrc uc kof
iou eofoicu bc egcppc w iou qgdou bc o|jwj ug iou rgcfc) ejijeofbj gdsoincfrc iou qgdscrou cf ci jpbcf ejppcu|jfbgcfrc& Ucdsgboncfrc w |opo on`ju eouju) uc kof iju oppgjurpongcfrju w pgdgbg{objpcu qsc mowo bcrcpngfobj ci
eïiesij) iou egfrou w norcpgoicu oguiofrcu) ci |ouj bc gfuroioegjfcu w jrpju& Agfoincfrc uc
ckcesro ci cn|ioeobj) rporongcfrj bc ksfrou . ug cu fcecuopgj . w pces`pgngcfrj bc oeo`obj& Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc ejijeof oircpfobou w |cp|cfbgesiopcu o iou qgdscrou) ouî uc j`rgcfc sfo nowjp pcugurcfego bc`gbj oi o|pjqcemongcfrj bci ucfrgbj bc iou `pou qsc ejfrgcfcf) curc ucfrgbj
FJROU; . Ci |pcucfrc bgucÿj bc`c ucp pcguobj |jp sf gfdcfgcpj ejn|crcfrc qsgcf bc`c ecprgeop io bcigbob bc iju |pjecbgngcfrju
w io o|igeo`gigbob bc us srgig{oegõf&
. Io gfajpnoegõf oqsî gfeisgbo FJ EJN\PJNCRC o \cpionju U&O&) fg o CRCPFGR¦) fg oi gfdcfgcpj cfeopdobj bc us bcuo. ppjiij) wo qsc cu bc ig`pc w jisfropgo o|igeoegõf& . Io ro`io bc eïiesij |opo cfrpc|guju Iggofju \cpionju bci Eoseo U&O&
. CRCPFGR¦) FJ ejfugbcpo eopdou |sfrsoicu us|cpgjpcu o =< hd fg eopdou bc gn|oerj&
. Iou eopdou ejfugbcpobou ejppcu|jfbcf o iju oijpcu bcfgbju |jp io Fjpno Ejijn`gofo bc Ugunjpcugurcfego ?77=) bc io
uc|opoegõf cfrpc ckcu bc <&2<4n) w |ioeou CRCP@JOPB bc ?2nn) ejisnfou 0 w 5 pcu|cergqoncfrc& Ejf sf pcfbgngcfrj bc 00sf bc |cpicu ncrïigeju -7n*<&2<4n>00'& Uc |scbc gfuroiop \4}0 3*=}0&<) ejf sfo
N -|' > Njbsioegõf cfrpc gdscrou& N -s' > Bgurofego cfrpc |iorgfou bc sfgõf&
uc|opoegõf bc <&2==n) CRCP@JOPB o bcckcu?4nn) ejisnfou w 0 |ioeou w 5 pcu|cergqoncfrc& Ejf sf pcfbgngcfrj bc ?=sf bc
PCACPCFEGO
QOIJP
Qgqgcfbou
Uj`pceopdou c gn|oerju Is{ bci cfrpc|guj bc bju o|jwju
cfrpc|guj cu bc qgqgcfbo) uc `sueo cf io |pgncpo ejisnfo QGQGCFBO&
cu igdcpj) uc ejfugbcpo sf CFRPC\GUJ EJF OEO@OBJ IGQGOFJ&
5& Rcfgcfbj cf escfro qsc io eopdo uc bgurpg`swc cf ci ucfrgbj nïu ejprj) uc rgcfc Is{> U J U G \ C P R F C
E&5
3n) ejisnfo ?<& 2& Ucdûf pcejncfboegjfcu bc uj|jprc w pcfbgngcfrj) uc rgcfcf rpcu j|egjfcu bc uc|opoegõf cfrpc gdscrou; <&2<4n) <&2==n w <&1?
<&2<4n) w |ioeou CRCP@JOPBbc ?2nn) ejisnfou 0 w 5 pcu|cergqoncfrc& Ejf sf pcfbgngcfrj bc 00sf bc |cpicu ncrïigeju -7n*<&2<4n>00'& + \1}0 3*=}0&<) ejf sfo uc|opoegõf
o ckcu bc <&2==n) w |ioeou CRCP@JOPB bc ?4nn) ejisnfou 0 w 5 pcu|cergqoncfrc& Ejf sf pcfbgngcfrj bc ?=sf bc |cpicu ncrïigeju -7n*<&2==n>?='& + \4}0 3*=}0&<) ejf sfo uc|opoegõf o ckcu bc <&1?
0?3'& Agfoincfrc uc uciceegjfo sfo bc curou rpcu
curpserspoicu) fj curïf rpoungrgp cuascp{ju j eopdou nïueo|oegrobju oiiï bc us |opo |pj|gj |cuj) bc iju norcpgoicu bc oeo`obj) oguiongcfrju) oidsfju rg|ju bc isngfopgou w cqsg|ju iggofju bc ujfgbj& Iju egciju pouju oacerobju |jp eopdou j njgngcfrju bc jrpju cicncfrju bc io ejfurpseegõf bc`cf |pccp ksfrou bc bgioroegõf w ejfrpji |opo cgrop uspou oi o`ujp`cp curju cuascp{ju& E&2&0 EJN\JFCFRCU
Dpïej 2&? Bcroiic bc ejn|jfcfrcu bc sf egcij pouj
Iju ejn|jfcfrcu bc sf egcij pouj ujf; Iju `ourgbjpcu j cfrponobju) iou |ioeou bc CRCP@JOPB) cfrcpou j cf uceegjfcu njbsiobou) cicncfrju bc koegõf w ofeiokc) escidou) egfrou w nougiiou |opo ci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu&
Jrpju ejn|jfcfrcu obgegjfoicu w j|egjfoicu ujf; Nofrju) ejiemjfcrou) |ioeou) |ofcicu) iïngfou w |ciîesiou |opo oguiongcfrju rçpngeju) oeûurgeju) bc o|jp w ejpro ascdj& E&2&0&? CFRPONOBJU -@OURGBJPCU'
Iju cfrponobju bc egciju pouju ujf iou curpserspou qsc esn|icf io asfegõf bc ujurcfcp w nofrcfcp iou |ioeou curo`icu w cf sf ujij |iofj& Iju nïu srgig{obju ujf iju bc ncroi j iju bc nobcpo& Iju |cpicu ncrïigeju rpofucpcf o iju egciju pouju us pcugurcfego) bspo`gigbob w o|opgcfego) iju mow ao`pgeobju gfbsurpgoincfrc cf oecpj iongfobj w oisngfgj c}rpsgbj ejf oeo`obju cf bgacpcfrcu ejijpcu8 |opo on`ju c}gurcf |cpicu cf ajpno bc R gfcprgbo w bc I j ïfdsij& Iju cfrponobju |scbcf ucp; C}|scurju w jesirju) cf ugurcnou bc sfgõf osrjnïrgeo) bc opnobo o ejprc w `ourgbjp jesirj& Iju egciju pouju qsc c}|jfcf us curpserspo bc gdou cf nobcpo o io guro uc bcfjngfof oprcujfobju) iou ajpnou cueoijfobou w espgajpncu uc ejfjecf ejnj oprcuou& Iju cfrponobju c}rcpgjpcu w c}|scurju o io gfrcn|cpgc uc bc`cf ejfurpsgp cf norcpgoicu pcugurcfrcu o io msncbob) uoigrpc) uji) cre&
EJN\JFCFRCU @ÏUGEJU \OPO IO EJFURPSEEGÕF BC EGCIJU POUJU CF CRCP@JOPB
Ro`io E&2&? Bc curju ejn|jfcfrcu CRCPFGR¦ ao`pgeo iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) iou nougiiou |opo ci rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu bc suj c}rcpgjp c gfrcpgjp w |gfrspou oepîigeou w gfgi oepîigeou) cu|cegoincfrc bgucÿobou |opo io o|igeoegõf uj`pc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) obcnïu bc |ioeou njbsiobou |opo egciju pouju cf ajpnorj bc ?0?)2 ] 1<)3 en qsc uc usngfgurpof |gfrobou w ejf rc}rspou&
1=
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
†
Cfrponobj bc sfgõf osrjnïrgeo
Cu sf cfrponobj j usu|cfugõf ejn|scurj |jp cicncfrju dspobju cf iïngfou ncrïigeou) cf bgncfugjfcu curïfbop w ejf pcec|rïesiju |opo sf pï|gbj oksurc bc opnobj w escidsc&
Curju `ourgbjpcu uc opnof ejf rjpfgiiju bc eo`c{o |cqscÿo j c}rpo|iofo qsc ujf osrj|cpajpofrcu bci `ourgbjp |jp usu |sfrou bc odsko j `pjeo&
U J U O P U IJ GC E
Dpïej E&2&0 †
Dpïej E&2&3
Cfrponobj bc opnobo o ejprc
\cpicu cf oisngfgj c}rpsgbj) |opo opnop cfrponobju o ejprc cf j`po) cfuon`iobju ejf pcnoemcu |j| j rjpfgiiju) uc ejijeof usu|cfbgbju ejf escidou bc oion`pc j uceegjfcu bc |cpi&
Dpïej E&2&5 †
†
E&2
Cfrponobj cf nobcpo
Io nobcpo uc mo suobj on|igoncfrc cf io ejfurpseegõf bc cfrponobju |opo egciju pouju) |cpj bc`gbj o iou gn|igeoegjfcu on`gcfroicu w bc fjpnorgou bc |pccfegõf bc gfecfbgju uc mo bgungfsgbj us suj cf io oersoigbob& \gc{ou bc 3 } 3 en -bspngcfrcu') bc 2 ] 2 en -opgiijfcu' w bc 0)3 } 3 en -igurjfcu' sfgbju ejf eioju) ejfajpnof iju cfrponobju& Iju cfrponobju bc nobcpo ujf nïu |cuobju qsc iju ncrïigeju) |jp ejfugdsgcfrc uc pcqsgcpc qsc us ugurcno bc ejidobj uco ci o|pj|gobj |opo uj|jprop curou nowjpcu eopdou& Cu pcqsgugrj curpserspoi qsc iou escidou pîdgbou j `ourjfcu bc`cf ejgfegbgp ejf iju fjbju bc sfgõf w ejijeopuc cf eobo sfj bc ciiju& \opo ci ofeiokc us|cpgjp uc bc`cf srgig{op ïfdsiju ncrïigeju&
Cfrponobj bc `ourgbjp jesirj
\cpicu ncrïigeju ao`pgeobju |jp pjiobj cf iongfou bc oecpj doiofg{obj eoig`pcu 02 w 0< -|opo |ioeou AE CRCP@JOPB') iionobju gdscrou) jncdou w ïfdsiju |opo egciju pouju&
Dpïej E&2&2
Dpïej E&2&1 UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
17
E&2&0&0 \IOEOU CRCP@JOPB
Iou |ioeou bc CRCP@JOPB cf 2) 1 w = ngiîncrpju ujf iou o|pj|gobou |opo io ejfurpseegõf bc egciju pouju dpoegou o us curo`gigbob bgncfugjfoi) `okj |cuj) |iofcgbob w eo|oegbob bc oec|rop bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc oeo`obj) qsc ujf iou ejfbgegjfcu gfmcpcfrcu bc sf norcpgoi bc egcij pouj& \jp ucp ci CRCP@JOPB sfo |ioeo ecncfrjuo) gfcprc) ejn|oero c gfnsfc o mjfdju) oidou w jrpju cicncfrju) us suj cu gbcoi cf o|igeoegjfcu pcugbcfegoicu) ejncpegoicu) mju|groiopgou w cbseorgou& CU\CUJP-nn' U J U O P U IJ GC E
E&2&5 EGFROU W NOUGIIOU Cf iju egciju wpouju ejfrgfsju . bc`gbj. cu o iju rjpfgiiju bc koegõf ksfrou cfrpc |ioeou fcecuopgj ro|op iou eo`c{ou w pciicfop iou ksfrou) bckofbj ci ngunj fgci bc |iofcgbob cf rjbo io us|cpegc bci egcij pouj) ejf ci f bc cgrop odpgcrongcfrju asrspju& Uc suof egfrou bc |o|ci w bc noiio bc pcascp{j cf `po bc gbpgj) qsc uc kof w pces`pcf ejf nougiiou CRCPEJOR w CRCPDIOUU&
Dpïej E&2&7 \ioeou pcnjg`icu w o|gfobj Ejf ci suj bc curou egfrou uc j`rgcfcf iju es`pgngcfrju w iju bcucobju cf iju egciju pouju) cu gn|jprofrc qsc iou ngunou qscbcf ij usegcfrcncfrc kou w pces`gcprou |jp iou nougiiou |opo cgrop us cn`jn`ongcfrj j bcu|pcfbgngcfrj& Qcp eo|îrsij bc rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu&
Dpïej E&2 &?< UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
4?
Iju |gfcu bc usurcfroegõf -Dpïej 04' uc gfucprof cf ci ngunj jpbcf bc ejijeoegõf bc iou |ioeou uj`pc ci cfrponobj) gfgegofbj cf sfo cuqsgfo mouro ejn|icrop rjbo io io w ouî usecugoncfrc mouro ecppop ci egcij pouj8 io ûirgno |ioeo j bc egcppc uc bcko ugf |gfop w uc ucÿoio& GN\JPROFRC
U J U O P U IJ GC E
E&2
Iou isngfopgou w cqsg|ju bc`cf curop usu|cfbgbou bc io curpserspo |pgfeg|oi ejf usu |pj|gou escidou& Cf fgfdûf eouj bc`cpïf bcueofuop ejf rjbj us |cuj uj`pc ci cfrponobj& Cf oidsfju `ourgbjpcu) iju |cpicu |pgfeg|oicu fj uc kof o iju ïfdsiju |cpgncrpoicu) ugfj qsc bcueofuof uj`pc ciiju) kopiju pgdgbg{o io curpserspo ejf ci pgcudj bc qsc ejio|uc cf oeegõf bc njgngcfrju uîungeju& Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB bc 2 w 1 nn |opo egciju pouju pcnjg`icu bc`cf ucp curo`gig{obou ejf gn|pgnofrc EJIJPECI w |gfrobou j ajppobou |pcgoncfrc o us gfuroioegõf) io |gfrspo bc`c uceopuc cf cu|oegj es`gcprj ig`pc bc |jij) msncbob w ugf pceg`gp bgpceroncfrc is{ ujiop& Fj uc ejijeopïf iou |ioeou mûncbou |jpqsc çurou |scbcf opqscopuc&
†
Ci |icfj
Cu ci cu|oegj ejn|pcfbgbj cfrpc ci egcij pouj w ci cfrpc|guj j `ouc bc es`gcpro) cu ûrgi |opo io ejijeoegõf bc rs`cpîou w pcbcu mgbpjuofgropgou) ciçerpgeou) ujfgbj) ogpc oejfbgegjfobj) bserju w jrpju cicncfrju bc io ejfurpseegõf) wo qsc |cpngrc sf oeecuj aïegi |opo us pcgugõf) pc|opoegõf j pc|jugegõf&
Dpïej E&2&??
|cpngrcf njbsioegjfcu } 1<)3 bci en egcij w bc ?0?)2 } 1<)3& Ug ci ïpcobcbc1<)3 jes|oegõf pouj fj bo njbsioegjfcu c}oerou ij gbcoi cu bckop cf iju `jpbcu w cf ejfrjpfj |ioeou bc ronoÿju gdsoicu |opo bc curo ajpno cqsgig`pop gusoincfrc ci egcij pouj& Curo njbsioegõf o|igeo gdsoincfrc |opo iju cfrponobju bc ejprc cf j`po&
Ug io j`po pcqsgcpc bc oguiongcfrju rçpngeju) oeûurgeju w bc |pjrceegõf ejfrpo ascdj -Dpïej E&2&??') ci \ICFJ |cpngrc io ejijeoegõf bc |ofcicu) nofrju j ejiemjfcrou bc `po bc gbpgj) iofoejnj ngfcpoi w jrpjuejpro norcpgoicu ouî |ofcicu ascdj ajfjo`ujp`cfrcu) j esoiqsgcp jrpj norcpgoi pcqscpgbj) ugcn|pc w esofbj çurju fj oacercf io curo`gigbob bci egcij pouj w rcfdof usurcfroegõf bc io curpserspo |pgfeg|oi j qsc us |cuj uco uj|jprobj |jp ci `ourgbjp bci egcij pouj w fj |ouc bc 1&3 hd*n°&
Curju egciju pouju uc eopoercpg{of |jp rcfcp us curpserspo bc uj|jprc jesiro) bc roi ajpno qsc ejijeobou iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) |pcucfrof sfo us|cpegc iguo ejf io |jug`gigbob bc rporop usu ksfrou |opo moecpiou gfgug`icu -ejfrgfsou'& Cf curo o|igeoegõf iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB -Dpïej E&2&?0' uc kof oi cfrponobj ncrïigej ejf rjpfgiiju R\A ??2 -??*2’') j nobcpo ejf eioju) bckofbj cfrpc |ioeou sfo ksfro bc uc|opoegõf bc 5 nn ejnj nîfgnj& Iju egciju pouju ejfrgfsju j bc ksfrou gfgug`icu fj |cpngrcf ci oeecuj oi \icfj& \jp roi po{õf uc bc`c ejfugbcpop cf us bgucÿj) ug cu fcecuopgj |opo io us|cpgugõf j nofrcfgngcfrj bc gfuroioegjfcu. sfo ro|o pcnjg`ic j `jeo bc gugro) |opo |jbcp oeecbcp o çi&
Dpïej E&2&?0
Dpïej E&2&?5 Njbsioegõf bc egcij pouj ejfrgfsj bc rg|j iggofj&
Cf iju egciju pouju ejfrgfsju iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc gfuroiof oircpfoboncfrc w cf ucfrgbj rpofucpuoi -|cp|cfbgesiop' o iju Jncdou j iopdscpju) ejf ij qsc uc j`rgcfc sfo nowjp pgdgbg{oegõf bci cfrponobj& Io ejijeoegõf bc iju rjpfgiiju bc koegõf uc moec bc roi ajpno qsc fj bcudoppc ci `jpbc bc io iïngfo w |cfcrpc ij usegcfrc cf io nguno |opo fj c}|jfcp us eo`c{o&
E&2
Dpïej E&2&?2& Eoigbob bc io koegõf
Iou |ioeou |opo egciju pouju ejfrgfsju uc gfuroiof |jp bc`okj bci cfrponobj8 curj gn|igeo qsc oi njncfrj bc kopiou ejf iju rjpfgiiju j eioju uc bc`c bgu|jfcp bc sf owsbofrc qsc io ujurcfdo cf ci fgci w isdop pcqscpgbj j ci suj bc sf \OFCI KOEH qsc cu sf obgroncfrj nceïfgej bc ofbongokc qsc cico w ujurgcfc iou |ioeou& †
U J U O P U IJ GC E
Njbsioegjfcu
Io njbsioegõf cfrpc Jncdou eobo 1? en cu io susoi cf egciju pouju iggofju& \opo egcijucicncfrju pouju bc us|cpegcu gppcdsiopcu j qsc ejfrcfdof bc egcprj |cuj) bc`cf suopuc njbsioegjfcu gdsoicu o 2=&=) 2<&4 w 5<&3 en) ucdûf eobo eouj&
†
Oppgjurpongcfrju
Iou |ioeou bc`cf qscbop kobou |jp rjbju usu iobju oi `ourgbjp j cfrponobj w |opo ciij uc o|pjcemof iju Jncdou |pgfeg|oicu w iou Jncdou bc pgjurpo cf ci ucfrgbj rpofucpuoi) curou uceegjfcu ejijeobou o nofcpo bc rpocuoÿj pgdgbg{of ci cfrponobj w cgrof iju cuascp{ju bc rjpugõf& Io njbsioegõf cfrpc pgjurpou cu eobo?00 en j bc|cfbgcfbj bci ajpnorj bc io |ioeo suobo& Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB bc egciju pouju c}|scurou o io msncbob -`oÿju) ejegfou) oicpju' cf cu|oegju gfrcpgjpcu j c}rcpgjpcu) bc`cf ucp rporobou |pcgoncfrc ejf gn|pgnofrc EJIJPECI&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
45
E&2&2&5 EGCIJU POUJU EIOQOBJU
Cf curc rg|j bc egcij pouj iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uc kof oi `ourgbjp suofbj eioju oecpobju eobo 0< en& Uc bc`c suop eioju ugf eo`c{o |opo qsc çuro fj uj`pcuoido bci CRCP@JOPB& Iou |ioeou pcejncfbobou |opo curju egciju pouju ujf iou bc 2 w 1 nn) cf ajpnorju bc ?00 } 022 en) ?00 } ?00 en w ?0?&2 } <&1<3 en& U J U O P U IJ GC E
†
Opnobj ejf `ourgbjp ncrïigej
Esofbj uc suof `ourgbjpcu ncrïigeju cf iju egciju pouju opqscobju) çurju ajpnof iou espou ncbgofrc ci nçrjbj bc uofdpobj) qsc ejfugurc cf pcoig{op ejprcu cf iju ffofeju j oicrou bci |cpi |opo aoegigrop us bj`ic{) w uj`pc ciiju uc orjpfgiiof iou gdscrou s jncdou ugdsgcfbj curo ajpno w ejf njbsioegjfcu bc eobo 2<&4 en ejnj nîfgnj& Iou |ioeou uc orjpfgiiof j eioof o çurou cf ucfrgbj rpofucpuoi bckofbj sfo ksfro bc (*. 5 nn qsc ujf rporobou ejf egfro w nougiio CRCPDIOUU& Uc suo ci ngunj ugurcno bc koegõf) ofeiokcu w escidou |opo bopic uj|jprc w pgdgbc{&
E&2
Dpïej E&2&?3
Iju egciju pouju eioobju bc`cf ejfucpop ksfrou bc uc|opoegõf cfrpc |ioeou bc 5 nn ejnj nîfgnj& Çurou pceg`cf bgacpcfrcu rporongcfrju; Ksfro bgiorobo) uciiju ciourj |iïurgeju) rporongcfrj gfgug`ic bc ksfrou w njibspou ro|osfgõf& E&2&2&2 EGCIJU POUJU O@JQCBOBJU W OPRCUOU
Ci CRCP@JOPB cu sf norcpgoi o|pj|gobj |opo io pcoig{oegõf bc egciju pouju ejf ajpnou espou j o`jcbobou) bc dpof oijp curçrgej w c}ecicfrc |opo ci nofckj bc io oeûurgeo w io gisngfoegõf&
Dpïej E&2&?1 CRCP@JOPB
2 w 1 nn = w ?< nn ?< nn
Pobgj bc opqscobj 1< en Pobgj bc opqscobj =< en Pobgj bc opqscobj ? ncrpj
Ro`io E&2&2 Pobgju bc opqscobj cf egciju pouju
EGCIJU POUJU EJF \IOEOU CRCP@JOPB BC 1 NN W @OURGBJP NCRÏIGEJ
Ajrj E&2&3 Opej pc`okobj&
Ajrj E&2&1 Oprcuou cueoijfobou c gfeigfobou& UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
42
Ajrj E&2&4 Opej bc ffcemo&
E&2&2&3 EGCIJU POUJU OBJUOBJU -O\IGEOBJU'
Esofbj io oirspo bc io cbgeoegõf fj |cpngrc ci suj bc sf \icfj iju egciju pouju objuobju -o|igeobju' -Dpïej 5<' ujf sfo ujisegõf |pïergeo& Ejfugurc cf ofeiop ci cfrponobj bgpceroncfrc `okj ci usurporj o jesirop) -ejfepcrj) ijuo) ncroi) ejppcou bc rcemj' |jurcpgjpncfrc uc cn|ioeo ejf CRCP@JOPB bc 1 o = nn ci esoi |scbc rcfcp usu ksfrou gfgug`icu j bgiorobou&
†
Ejfrgfsju . qu . oprcujfobju
Ci Dpïej nscurpo io bgacpcfego cfrpc sf egcij pouj eioobj w jrpj oprcujfobj bjfbc iou |ioeou pc|juof uj`pc ci `ourgbjp qsc uc cfescfrpo c}|scurj) ejfbgegõf qsc c}gdc sf oeo`obj cu|cegoi o io nobcpo) |jp ckcn|ij NUB -Nobcpo Ec|giiobo w Bcpcemo'&
U J U O P U IJ GC E
Dpïej E&2&?=
E&2
Ci CRCP@JOPB cf cu|cujpcu bc = nn cf obciofrc) |cpngrc ucp psrcobj j oeofoiobj) ijdpofbj bgucÿju w cacerju jisnçrpgeju cf `okj pcigcc bc oiro ejn|ickgbob w `ciic{o&
Dpïej E&2&?4
Cf io ejfurpseegõf bc egciju pouju objuobju w esofbj uc |pcusno |pcucfego bc msncbob rcn|jpoi j |cpgõbgeo) cu pcejncfbo`ic io ejijeoegõf cfrpc ci usurporj w iju |cpicu bci `ourgbjp) bc sfo |pjrceegõf |iïurgeo -|ciîesio bc |jigcrgicfj bc eoig`pc 3 ejnj nîfgnj') io esoi asfegjfopï ejnj sfo `oppcpo oguiofrc o io msncbob w oi o|jp& Oi ejijeop iju |cpicu o|igeobju bgpceroncfrc oi usurporj j curpserspo uc bc`c rcfcp io |pceosegõf bc fj |cpajpop ejf io koegõf iou rs`cpîou j eo`icu qsc curçf jesirju cf çurc&
Ajrj E&2& = Egcij pouj cueoijfobj cf CRCP@JOPB&
Dpïej E&2&?7
Ajrj E&2&7 Egcij pouj oprcujfobj ejf CRCP@JOPB&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
43
GN\JPROFRC
U J U O P U IJ GC E
E&2
Fjrou bc eïiesij
Iju egciju pouju cf |ioeou CRCP@JOPB |scbcf pceg`gp sf ugf fûncpj bc oeo`obju bcejporgju; \gfrspou iguou w ejf rc}rspo) ajppju j ej`cprspou rc}rgicu) curseobju w o|iofobju w esoiqsgcp jrpj |pjbserj bc pces`pgngcfrj bc |ioeou ecncfrjuou& Oidsfju bc curju oeo`obju pcqsgcpcf |opo sfo `scfo obmcpcfego qsc uc o|igqsc sf gn|pgnofrc j |pgncp ofrcu bci oeo`obj foi& Iju egciju pouju ejfrgfsju uc |gfrof bcu|sçu bci uceobj w igkobj bci cursej bc o|iofobj& Çurc cu sf pcqsgugrj gfbgu|cfuo`ic |opo ijdpop sfo us|cpegc iguo) fgciobo w mjnjdçfco) |pc|opobo |opo pceg`gp |gfrspo& Iou isngfopgou s jrpju oeecujpgju uc ejijeopïf ejf ci egcijppouj wo |gfrobj& Sf `scf rporongcfrj bc ksfrou oucdspo sf egcij pouj iguj) o|rj |opo pceg`gp norcpgoicu bc oeo`obju j cfisegbj ejnj curseju) |gfrspou) rciou j |o|cicu bc ejidobspo& Sfo ejppcero o|igeoegõf bci CRCPDIOUU w ci suj bc cu|ïrsiou o|pj|gobou ujf gfbgu|cfuo`icu |opo j`rcfcp c}ecicfrcu pcusirobju bc |iofcgbob w rcpuspo& Iju egciju pouju usu|cfbgbju fj suof rporongcfrj bc ksfrou ejnj iju ejfrgfsju8 ugf cn`opdj) ci suj bc uciiju bc |jigspcrofj j ugigejfo cu ûrgi cf iou ksfrou bc |cpicu |cpgncrpoicu ejfrpo nspju j curpserspou&
FJPNOU BC EJFUSIRO . OURN E.153 cf esofrj o eoigbob w curïfbopcu curpserspoicu bc iju cfrponobju& . OURN E.151 ejf ij pcioegjfobj o us gfuroioegõf |opo dopofrg{op us curo`gigbob& -FA\O 03?) OFUG*SI 015 c GEJFRCE'&
41
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
E&3 @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO Cu io ujisegõf ejfurpsergo qsc uj|jpro ci oeo`obj foi |pcgurj |opo sf rcemj) ejfrcn|iofbj iju pcqscpgngcfrju bc eopdo) gcfrju) gn|cpnco`gigbob) gfujfjpgbob) oguiongcfrj rçpngej w bspo`gigbob& Iou `oucu bc es`gcpro uc srgig{of |opo sfo opgobo dono bc rckou w pces`pgngcfrju& Io eopo c}|scuro oi gfrcpgjp bci jisncf es`gcprj uc |scbc bckop o io guro o nofcpo bc egcij pouj j srgig{op us curpserspo |opo ucpgp bc uj|jprc cf io gfuroioegõf bc sfj& O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
E&3&? EOPOERCPÎURGEOU CURPSERSPOICU Sfo `ouc bc es`gcpro rgcfc ci ejn|jprongcfrj
E&3&0 EJN\JFCFRCU Iju ejn|jfcfrcu |opo io ejfurpseegõf bc sfo
bc c}rcpgjp us gfeigfobj) ejnjsf nspj uj`pceopdou |cuj ejfugbcpofbj |pj|gj) iou gn|cpnco`gig{oegjfcu) iju norcpgoicu bc es`gcpro) |pcugjfcu bc gcfrj) odso) dpofg{j cre& Ci pc|oprj bc curou eopdou uc pcoig{o bc sfo ajpno sfgajpnc w bgurpg`sgbo o rpoçu bc iou |ioeou o|jwobou cf iou gdscrou bci `ourgbjp bci rcemj w uc rpoungrcf o io curpserspo |pgfeg|oi) qsc |scbc ucp cf ugurcno rpobgegjfoi bc nspju) gdou w ejisnfou) j cf ugurcno iggofj ejf |cpicu bc oecpj iongfobj doiofg{obj -urcci apongfd '&
`ouc bc-Dpïej es`gcproE&3&?' ujf; Ciqsc `ourgbjp curpserspo uj|jprc |scbcjucp bc ncroibcj nobcpo) ci cn|ioeobj ejf |ioeou |iofou bc AE CRCP@JOPB) iju ofeiokcu w koegjfcu) iou egfrou w nougiiou |opo rporop iou ksfrou w us|cpegcu& Jrpju cicncfrju ejn|icncfropgju ujf iou gn|cpnco`gig{oegjfcu) oguiongcfrju) norcpgoicu bc es`gcpro) eofoicu w `okofrcu bc odsou iisgou&
Dpïej E&3&0 Dpïej E&3&?
Iou `oucu bc es`gcpro ejf CRCP@JOPB) |scbcf suopuc cf cbgeoegjfcu; pcugbcfegoicu) gfurgrsegjfoicu) ejncpegoicu) cbseorgou) bc uoisb cre& Asfegjfof cf rjbju iju eignou w pcdgjfcu) o|igeofbj iou gn|cpnco`gig{oegjfcu) gfnsfg{oegjfcu w norcpgoicu bc oguiongcfrj qsc uc pcqsgcpof cf eobo sfj bc ciiju& Iou `oucu bc es`gcpro ejio`jpof cf sfo cbgeoegõf |opo qsc ci norcpgoi bc oeo`obj bc ciio uc nscurpc ejnj io qsgfro aoemobo& 4=
E&3&0&? @OURGBJPCU NCRÏIGEJU Ujf iou curpserspou bc o|jwj) ajpnobou |jp sf ejfksfrj bc cicncfrju -Dpïej E&3&0' bgu|scurju bc sfo ajpno jpbcfobo |opo pceg`gp iou |ioeou |iofou bc AE CRCP@JOPB w uj`pc iou esoicu bcueofuopï ci norcpgoi bc es`pgngcfrj& Qgdou j gdscrou w rpocuoÿju j pgjurpou ujf iju Iou eopoercpîurgeou) fjn`pcu bobju o usu ronoÿj) ejn|jfcfrcu pcugurcfego bc opnobj& w jrpju gfmcpcfrcu) uc bcrcpngfof cf ci bgucÿj w eïiesij curpserspoi ejppcu|jfbgcfrc) qsc uc ckcesro |jp igfcongcfrju bci |pjwcerj opqsgrcerõfgej&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
\pjecuj bc opnobj \opo ci opnobj bc iju `ourgbjpcu uc srgig{of rjpfgiiju -R?' osrj |cpajpofrcu bc eo`c{o c}rpo |iofo s jrpju o|pj|gobju -|of mcob' qsc uc ejijeof cf iju ugrgju ejppcu|jfbgcfrcu ejf io owsbo bc sf orjpfgiiobjp ciçerpgej8 iju |cpicu w eofoicu uc ejprof o iou ncbgbou w eoig`pcu cu|cegeobju ejf ci suj bc rgkcpou bc ogoegõf j nïqsgfou ejprobjpou bc ncroi o bguej& Cicncfrju bc ofeiokc |opo kop iju `ourgbjpcu o non|jurcpîou j curpserspou w uceegjfcu ncrïigeou |opo sfgp j pgdgbg{op -Dpïej E3&5') ujf ejn|icncfrju cf ci opnobj w usurcfroegõf&
†
Dpïej E&3&5
\jp cacerj bc io ajpno bc iju |cpicu ncrïigeju qsc ejfajpnof iju `ourgbjpcu qsc cf us `opgecfrpj w ecfrpj bc ejprc rgcfbcf o dgpop j pjrop ucdûf iju cuascp{ou bc eopdo) uc moec fcecuopgj ci suj bc pgjurpou -Dpïeju 3&5 w 3&2' |opo cgrop curc bcacerj8 obcnïu çurou ugpcf bc o|jwj cf io sfgõf bc |ioeou) aoegigrofbj us koegõf w |jurcpgjp rporongcfrj bc ksfrou&
\opo es`gcprou iggofou
O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
Dpïej E&3&2
Iou njbsioegjfcu j uc|opoegjfcu cfrpc gdscrou w io ejijeoegõf w bgurofegongcfrj cfrpc pgjurpou) bc|cfbcf bc iou eopdou w ujigegrsbcu o qsc uco ujncrgbo io `ouc bc es`gcpro -|cuj |pj|gj) gn|cpnco`gig{oegjfcu) norcpgoicu bc oeo`obj) gcfrju) iisgo) dpofg{j) cre') bc io is{ -bgurofego cfrpc o|jwju curpserspoicu') w bc io gfeigfoegõf qsc cu io |cfbgcfrc j ïfdsij ejfajpnobj ejf io mjpg{jfroi w qsc uc c}|pcuo cf dpobju j |jpecfrokc& Fjro; Iou njbsioegjfcu curïf cf asfegõf bc iou ncbgbou bc iou |ioeou bc `pjecncfrj) bc roi nofcpo qsc io us`bggbof cf |oprcu c}oeroncfrc gdsoicu roi ejnj ij ucÿoio io ugdsgcfrc ro`io; Eobo 1?en
@ourgbjpcu bc nobcpo Iou nobcpou srgig{obou ejnj `ourgbjpcu j cicncfrju curpserspoicu bc `oucu bc es`gcpro) bc`cf pcu|jfbcp o sf eïiesij qsc bcrcpngfc us rg|j) uceegõf w rporongcfrj& Curou nobcpou uc ejfugbcpof ejnj sf |pjbserj forspoi |pjecuobj& Esofbj io curpserspo j `ourgbjp bc io `ouc bc es`gcpro uco ejf curc norcpgoi) çuro |scbc qscbop jesiro j o io guro8 cf curc ûirgnj eouj uc ejfurgrswc cf sf cicncfrj bcejporgj) w |jp ij rofrj uc bc`cf suop nobcpou bc `scf ou|cerj w oeo`obj |opo bop ejn|icncfrj o iju bcroiicu gfrcpgjpcu& Iou Ejfîacpou ejnj ci \gfj) Pj`ic) Fjdoi w ci Jrj`j) ujf iju o|pj|gobju |opo cio`jpop iju `ourgbjpcu& Cf Usponçpgeo) ci Uo|ïf w ci O`opej ujf srgig{obju |opo io cio`jpoegõf bc curpserspou |opo ci ujurçf bc `oucu bc es`gcprou&
†
O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
GN\JPROFRC Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB fj ujf sf norcpgoi bc es`gcpro8 osfqsc pcugurcfrcu o io msncbob) fj ujf gn|cpnco`icu) curj gn|igeo qsc esofbj iou |ioeou curçf c}|scurou o oidûf dpobj bc msncbob) bc`cf ucp rporobou |pcgoncfrc ejf gn|pgnofrc oepîigej qsc ic ejfcpo esoigbobcu mgbpjasdofrcu& Uc pcejngcfbo ci suj bci GN\PGNOFRC EJIJPECI qsc cu sf mgbpjasdofrc oepîigej w rpofu|opcfrc qsc obcnïu cgro ejf us o|igeoegõf iju |ofbcju bc iou |ioeou) bcpgobju bc iju ejfrpourcu ornjuaçpgeju qsc |scbof |pcucfropuc cfrpc ci c}rcpgjp w ci gfrcpgjp bc io `ouc es`gcpro& Curc gn|pgnofrc |scbc o|igeopuc o ioubc|ioeou ejf `pjemo j |gurjio& Rcfgcfbj cf escfro qsc iju `jpbcu bc iou |ioeou ron`gçf bc`cf ucp gn|pgnobju) |jp ij rofrj eobo c{ qsc uc uceegjfc sfo |ioeo bc`cf ucp pces`gcprju curju ejprcu ejf ci gn|pgnofrc&
E&3&0&0 \IOEOU CRCP@JOPB -Cn|ioeobj' CRCPFGR¦ pcejngcfbo usu |ioeou bc `pjecncfrj osrjeioobj CRCP@JOPB |opo io ejfurpseegõf bc `oucu bc es`gcpro) wo qsc ujf sf |pjbserj bc oirju curïfbopcu bc eoigbob) curo`gigbob bgncfugjfoi w aoegigbob bc rpo`okj w obcesobou |opo curo o|igeoegõf& Uc bcfjngfo cn|ioeobj o io oeegõf bc ejijeop iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB uj`pc io curpserspo bc uj|jprc j `ourgbjp& \IOEOU AE CRCP@JOPB \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPROU \IOFOU \CFBGCFRC -Ïfdsij' Nïu 6?3»' bc 5< -# Ncfju bc ?3»' 95< # POBGJUBCOPEJ Nowjpcu bc ?0< en
Iju cu|cujpcu bc iou |ioeou bc CRCP@JOPB bcurgfobou o `oucu bc es`gcpro iju bcrcpngfo ci eïiesij curpserspoi qsc uc pcoigec& \opo roi cacerj) CRCPFGR¦ |pcucfro io ro`io 3&0 ejnj dsîo& Fjro; Sf ngunj bgucÿj bc `ouc bc es`gcpro uc |scbc pcujicp ejf |cpicu bc bgurgfrou eopoercpîurgeou -ncbgbou) eoig`pcu w njbsioegjfcu bgacpcfrcu'& Ouî |jp ckcn|ij) ug srgig{onju cf sfo `ouc bc es`gcpro ejf sfo ujigegrsb cu|ceîeo sfo njbsioegõf bc 1?enru iou gdscrou bc`cpïf ucp bc nowjp cu|cegeoegõf cf oino w*j cf eoig`pc qsc ug io njbsioegõf ascpo bc 2<)4enru&
Ajrj E&3&?& @ouc |iofo c gfeigfobo ejf curpserspo o io guro& UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
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Cn|ioeobj bc sfo `ouc bc es`gcpro Iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB) uc ejijeof |cp|cfbgesiopncfrc o iou gdscrou bci `ourgbjp) |opoiciou o iou pgjurpou w oircpfobou -rpo`obou' sfou ejf jrpou o io ncbgbo qsc |cpngro io njbsioegõf w ci bgucÿj) ejf ij qsc uc j`rgcfc sfo nckjp pgdgbc{ bci bgoapodno& Uc bc`c bckop sf cu|oegj j bgioroegõf cfrpc iou |ioeou bc 5 ngiîncrpju ejnj nîfgnj -ksfro bc ejfurpseegõf') o io qsc |jurcpgjpncfrc uc ic bopï rporongcfrj&
†
O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
Bcroiic bc koegõf ?
Bcroiic bc cn|ioeobj
E&3&0&5 OFEIOKCU W AGKOEGJFCU Cf ci eo|îrsij ejppcu|jfbgcfrc uc bcuepg`cf iju bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc ofeiokcu w koegjfcu |pj|gju bci ugurcno ejfurpsergj cf ucej CRCPFGR¦) qsc |opo ci eouj bc iou `oucu bc es`gcpro ujf bc rpcu rg|ju; ?& Rjpfgiiju -R?' |opo ci opnobj bci `ourgbjp& 0& Ofeiokcu|pgfeg|oi w koegjfcu `ourgbjp o io curpserspo j bcbci uj|jprc& 5& Rjpfgiiju -R\A' osrj|cpajpofrcu ociiofofrcu ejf oicrou) |opo kop iou |ioeou oi `ourgbjp& Iju rjpfgiiju uc bc`cf ejijeop ugdsgcfbj iou pcdiou bc bcnopeoegõf w cf us eofrgbob obcesobo) ucdûf ij bgu|scurj cf ci eo|îrsij ejppcu|jfbgcfrc&
Ajrj E&3&0& @ouc bc es`gcpro) `ourgbjp w cn|ioeobj&
Bcroiic bc koegõf 0
E&3&0&2 EGFROU W NOUGIIOU \OPO CI RPORONGCFRJ BC KSFROU \opo ci rporongcfrj bc iou ksfrou uc srgig{o io nougiio CRCPEJOR w sfo egfro noiio bc `po bc gbpgj bc 3 ecfrîncrpju bc cu|cujp& Iju cu|oegju bc uc|opoegõf cfrpc iou |ioeou j ksfrou bc bgioroegõf bc nîfgnj 5 nn) uc bc`cf rporop gfrcpfo w c}rcpfoncfrc bc|cfbgcfbj bci rg|j bc es`gcpro w ci suj j fj bc sf egcij pouj ouî; Ejnj ksfro gfgug`ic) esofbj fj mow sf egcij pouj w iou |ioeou fj of o io guro8 ejnj ksfro ffc}g`ic) esofbj io curpserspo j ejn|jugegõf bc io es`gcpro ouî ij c}gko w ugf rporongcfrj esofbj c}guro egcij pouj w ci norcpgoi bc es`gcpro dopofrgec sfo o`ujisro gn|cpnco`gigbob&
Dpïej E&3&1& Rporongcfrj bc ksfrou |opo nowjp gn|cpnco`gigbob&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=?
E&3&5 NORCPGOICU BC @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO Iou `oucu bc es`gcpro ejf CRCP@JOPB |pcucfrof sfo us|cpegc iguo) fgciobo) pcugurcfrc w bc oiro curo`gigbob bgncfugjfoi) qsc aoegigro ci suj bc bgacpcfrcu oeo`obju bc es`gcpro& Cf io ro`io ugdsgcfrc uc c}|pcuof ckcn|iju bc bgacpcfrcu |cuju |pjncbgj bc `oucu& O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
\IOEO CRCP@JOPB
@OURGBJP
\CUJ -hd*n°'
?2 nn ?2 nn ?< nn
Nobcpo Ncroi Nobcpo
5< 04 03
?< nn
Ncroi
05
Ro`io E&3&5& \cuju |jp n0 bc `oucu bc es`gcpro rî|geou&
Fjro; Curju eïiesiju uc `ouof cf ci |cuj bc iou |ioeou) `ourgbjpcu) koegjfcu) rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w sfo gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf bc nofrj ouaïirgej bc 5 nn) fj uc ejfugbcpopjf iju |cuju bc iju oeo`obju bc es`gcpro wo qsc ujf nsw opgobju) iju `ourgbjpcu bc curou `oucu curïf cf njbsioegõf bc 1?enru w bc 75 nn bc oirj |opo ncroi w ?0< ngiîncrpju |opo nobcpo& NORCPGOI
Us`curpserspou bc o|jwj Bc|cfbgcfbj bci rg|j bc es`gcpro o suop uc moec fcecuopgo j fj io ejijeoegõf bc sfo us`curpserspo bc o|jwj w koegõf) dcfcpoincfrc bc igurjfcu bc nobcpo j ncroi& Iou us`curpserspou bc o|jwj ujf sfo ucpgc bc cicncfrju oigurjfobju ejijeobju w kobju uj`pc io `ouc bc es`gcpro ejf ci j`kcrj bc ucpgp ejnj o|jwj w escp|j bc koegõf bc iju bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc rckou qsc iou pcqsgcpof) dcfcpoincfrc ujf igurjfcu) bspngcfrcu bc nobcpo j |cpicu ncrïigeju w us ejijeoegõf bc`c curop oejpbc cf esofrj o ronoÿj) fûncpj w uc|opoegõf) ejf ci rg|j w koegõf bc io rcko& Oi kop curou us`curpserspou uc bc`c rcfcp cu|cegoi esgbobj bc fj oacerop j boÿop iou gn|cpnco`gig{oegjfcu) wo qsc iju rjpfgiiju j eioju |scbcf |cpajpopiou& Ug uc |pcucfro curc boÿj) uc bc`cpï pc|opop& Obcnïu bc curj) noiiou cicerpjujibobou ujf srgig{obou ejnj us`curpserspou bc koegõf w onoppc bc rckou&
Bc|cfbc bc io cu|cegeoegõf Fj Bc|cfbc bc io cu|cegeoegõf Bc|cfbc bc io cu|cegeoegõf -igurõf j noiio' Uî Uî Bc|cfbc bc io cu|cegeoegõf Bc|cfbc bc io cu|cegeoegõf Fj
Ro`io E&3&2& Rg|ju bc es`gcpro
Ajrj E&3&5& @ouc gfeigfobo) curpserspo bc nobcpo o io guro) nofrj ouaïirgej w |g{oppo bc `oppj&
Ajrj E&3&2& @ouc bc es`gcpro o esorpj odsou&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=0
E&3&2 \PJECUJ EJFURPSERGQJ Bcrcpngfobj ci bgucÿj w iju eïiesiju curpserspoicu ejppcu|jfbgcfrcu) uc gfgego io ejijeoegõf ouî; ?& Opnobj bc `ourgbjpcu; Curju uc |scbcf opnop cf ci ugrgj j ug cu nïu eõnjbj cf sf roiicp j o |gc bc j`po -nçrjbj bc |ofcig{obj'& 0& Ejijeop w ofeiop iju `ourgbjpcu o io curpserspo |pgfeg|oi& 5& Ejijeop iou |ioeou -cn|ioeop' cf ucfrgbj |cp|cfbgesiop o iou gdscrou w cf ajpno oircpfobo) bckofbj iou ksfrou bc ejfurpseegõf w suofbj io koegõf nïu obcesobo& 2& Rporop iou ksfrou& 3& Gn|cpnco`gig{op -U*R*R'& 1& Ejijeop us`curpserspo -U*R*R'& 4& Rcemop -U*R*R' > Ucdûf rg|j bc rckou&
GN\JPROFRC \pcgj o io gfuroioegõf bci norcpgoi bc es`gcpro w ucdûf us rg|j) bc`cf j fj rporopuc iou ksfrou -gfrcpgjpcu j c}rcpgjpcu' w ejijeopuc gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf w uciiju& \opo oucdspop io curo`gigbob bc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB ofrc io |pcucfego bc msncbob) cu ejfcfgcfrc o|igeopic ofrcu bc us gfuroioegõf ci gn|pgnofrc oepîigej EJIJPECI& Oidsfou `oucu pcqsgcpcf ci suj bc uciiju ciourj|iïurgeju -ugigejfou) pcugfou) |jigspcrofju) cre&' cfrpc iou ksfrou pcusirofrcu ejf bgacpcfrcu rg|ju bc norcpgoicu j ksfrou mg`pgbou) ejnj ckcn|ij cfrpc ci CRCP@JOPB w ci ejfepcrj j iobpgiij&
Dpïej E&3&=
\opo kop iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB oi `ourgbjp) bc`cf ejgfegbgp ejf iou bgurofegou bc gdscrou bc io njbsioegõf bcrcpngfobo) -1?) 2=&=) 2<&4 j 5<)3 en' |opo qsc iju rjpfgiiju rcfdof ci cu|oegj pcqscpgbj bc |cfcrpoegõf& Ug iou gdou j gdscrou bci `ourgbjp curïf bcu|io{obou iju rjpfgiiju uoibpïf ascpo bc ciiou) j qscbopïf nsw oi `jpbc bc io |ioeo w oi o|pcropiju io pjn|cpïf oacerofbj us koegõf& †
O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
Uciiobj c gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf
E&3
Dpïej 3&4
?& Rporongcfrj bc iou ksfrou& 0& Uciij bc ksfrou mî`pgbou ug iou mow& 5& Ejijeoegõf bc iju nofrju ouaïirgeju bc o`okj moego oppg`o& 2) 3& Rcpngfop bc gn|cpnco`gig{op w ejijeoegõf bci eo`oiicrc cf nofrj& \opo owsbop cf io koegõf bc iju nofrju ouaïirgeju gn|cpnco`gig{ofrcu) uc |scbcf suop dpo|ou j roemsciou cf ci ronoÿj pcqscpgbj |opo fj orpocuop io |ioeo& Uc bc`c o|igeop gn|pgnofrc EJIJPECI |jp io ejfrpo eopo |opo fgciop iou rcfugjfcu cf iou bju us|cpegcu bc io |ioeo w cgrop ouî |jug`icu |ofbcju&
Ajrj E&3&3& @ouc bc es`gcpro gn|cpnco`gig{obo& UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=5
E&3&3 CKCN\IJU BC O\IGEOEGÕF @ouc bc es`gcpro |opo rcko jfbsiobo \4 -dpgu j o ejijp' Es`gcprou bc ?<¼ o 5<¼ ejf |ioeo CRCP@JOPB bc ?< nn) ejnj oircpforgo bc rcemobj ejf rcko jfbsiobo |cpi \4 -\?<<< W \3') ejijeobou bgpceroncfrc uj`pc io |ioeo CRCP@JOPB) ugf rporongcfrj bc ksfrou fg gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf& Cf curc eouj cu fcecuopgj o|igeop gn|pgnofrc EJIJPECI ejnj mgbpjasdofrc bc iou |ioeou ofrcu bc gfuroiopiou |opo dopofrg{op us curo`gigbob w `scf ejn|jprongcfrj ofrc io |pcucfego bc msncbob& \opo io koegõf bc rckou jfbsiobou o io `ouc) uc |scbcf suop opgju nçrjbju w cfrpc ciiju iju ugdsgcfrcu; Orjpfgiiobj cf oiic) Orjpfgiiobj cf epcuro w dofemj ejppgcfrc dspobj cfrpc jrpju& Iou rckou CRCPFGR¦ ejijeobou uj`pc `oucu bc es`gcpro) ic gn|pgncf o io nguno oijpcu curçrgeju w sf nckjp ejfajpr rçpngej w oeûurgej&
†
O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
Dpïej E&3&?<
@ouc bc es`gcpro |opo rcko jfbsiobo \4 -dpgu j o ejijp' o|jwobo uj`pc oigurobj bc nobcpo Oircpforgo bc rcemobj ejf rcko jfbsiobo ejijeobo uj`pc igurjfcu bc nobcpo kobju o rjpfgiij uj`pc io `ouc bc es`gcpro w bgurofegobju ucdûf io ijfdgrsb bc io rcko) curo j|egõf |scbc j fj iicop gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf w curj bc|cfbc bci bgucÿj w*j io cu|cegeoegõf bobo o iou es`gcprou bc `oko |cfbgcfrc&
@ouc bc es`gcpro ejf \IOFGECI PCEROFDSIOP Cu sfo es`gcpro cf |ioeou bc \IOFGECI PCEROFDSIOP njfrobo uj`pc bspngcfrcu bc nobcpo ejijeobju E*0= en -oigurjfobj' uj`pc ci nofrj ouaïirgej w kobju ejf eioju j rjpfgiiju& Ejf \IOFGECI uc |scbc cgrop io gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf w) ug uc bcuco) ci oigurobj bc nobcpo) ejijeofbj iou |ioeou bgpceroncfrc uj`pc ci CRCP@JOPB oucdspïfbjiou ejf rjpfgiiju) iou |ioeou bc`cf curop |pcgoncfrc |cpajpobou cf sf bgïncrpj nowjp oi bci rjpfgiij bc koegõf ejf ci f bc cgrop eg{oiiongcfrju&
†
\opo rckou w |g{oppou bc `oppj) o|oprc bc io koegõf o `ourgbjp bc nobcpo uc suo onoppop iou rckou |jp io |cpajpoegõf gfeisgbo cf ciio ejf oion`pc doiofg{obj o sfo noiio cicerpjujibobo ejijeobo uj`pc io `ouc gn|cpnco`gig{obo& W ci bc rg|j ejprgfo ejf sf onoppc ejfrgfsj bc oion`pc doiofg{obj cf ucfrgbj igfcoi o iou rckou& \jp ci |cuj bc curc rg|j bc es`gcpro) bc`cf suopuc njbsioegjfcu bc 2<&4 j 5<&3 en ejnj nîfgnj& O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
Dpïej E&3&?2
@ouc bc es`gcpro |iofo Ci CRCP@JOPB ejnj |ioeo |iofo curo`ic w fgciobo aoegigro io ejfurpseegõf bc `oucu bc es`gcpro cf rcemju |iofju w rcppo{ou gugro`icu&
†
Dpïej E&3&?5
@ouc bc es`gcpro ejf rcko bc `oppj Es`gcpro cf rckou bc `oppj -Ejijfgoi' ejijeobou uj`pc sf oigurobj bc nobcpo bgurofegobj ucdûf ci ronoÿj bc iou rckou&
†
Dpïej E&3&?3& Bcroiic bc `ouc bc es`gcpro |iofo cf ejfepcrj
Curou `oucu bcuj`pc es`gcpro ujf gn|cpnco`gig{obou bgpceroncfrc ci CRCP@JOPB w |scbcf pceg`gp pces`pgngcfrju bc pcascp{j cf ejfepcrj j njprcpj bc ecncfrj |opo bopic |cfbgcfrobj& Ug ci oeo`obj cu ecpïngej) uc o|igeo bgpceroncfrc uj`pc io `ouc j ejfepcrj) ejf ci suj bc sfo |cdo ejf obgrgj gn|cpnco`gig{ofrc oi gdsoi qsc ci cn`jqsgiiobj&
Ajrj E&3&4& Ejfurpseegõf Eouo Pcurpc|j . @jdjrï&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=3
@ouc bc es`gcpro ejf rckou ouaïirgeou Curou `oucu fj pcqsgcpcf gn|cpnco`gig{oegõf cf es`gcprou bc oiro |cfbgcfrc -65<»' w cu j|egjfoi rporop j uciiop iou ksfrou& Iou rckou uc kof o io `ouc bc es`gcpro CRCP@JOPB ejf roemsciou qsc fj bc`cf uj`pc|ouop us cu|cujp& Cu |jug`ic ci suj bc sf gn|pgnofrc j |cdsc ouaïirgej) qsc cf bîou eoispjuju |scbc cuesppgp |jp cfrpc iou ksfrou) cf curc eouj çurou uc bc`cf rporop |pcgoncfrc ejf nougiio CRCPEJOR w egfro noiio bc `po bc gbpgj bc 3 en bc ofemj&
†
O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
Iou njbsioegjfcu pcejncfbobou cfrpc gdscrou ujf bc 2<&4 w 5<&3 en) rcfgcfbj cf escfro qsc o ncfjp bgurofego cf io njbsioegõf uc bo sf nckjp opqscobj bc iou |ioeou& Çurou uc kof gdsoincfrc ejf rjpfgiiju R\A w pceg`cf ci ngunj rporongcfrj bc ksfrou w us|cpegcu |opo iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB&
@oucu opqscobou Iou `oucu bc es`gcprou o`jcbobou uc ckcesrof dpoegou o io aoegigbob bc opqscobj bc iou |ioeou CRCP@JOPB& \opo pobgju bc esporspo bc ncfju bc 0nru uc pcqsgcpc uorspop bc msncbob iou |ioeou |jp gfncpugõf |pcgo bc = mjpou nîfgnj&
Iou `oucu es`gcpro bc |scbcf |pcucfropuc oi gfrcpgjp bc iobccbgeoegõf bju ajpnou; o' C}|scurou) cf eswj eouj uc bc`cf rporop iou ksfrou bc ejfurpseegõf ejf nougiio CRCPDIOUU w egfro bc |o|ci bc 3 en& `' Jesirou |jp sf egcij pouj qsc ro|o iou |ioeou w ci `ourgbjp w fj pcqsgcpc rporongcfrj bc ksfrou&
E&3&1 DSÎOU BC EÏIESIJ Fjro; CRCPFGR¦ fj uc moec pcu|jfuo`ic bci ejfrcfgbj w suj bc curou ro`iou) rjbo j`po pcqsgcpc bc sf eïiesij curpserspoi ckcesrobj |jp sf gfdcfgcpj eggi& @OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF RCKO BC @OPPJ
RO@IO BC EÏIESIJ \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO
O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
EJF \IOEOU BC AG@PJECNCFRJ CRCP@JOPB W \CPAGICU BC \CPAGIONJU U&O& @OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF RCKO BC @OPPJ Bgurof. ego cfrpc
. Ci |pcucfrc bc`c ucpbcpcguobj |jp sf gfdcfgcpj ejn|crcfrc qsgcf bc`c ecprgeop io bcigbob bc iju |pjec bgngcfrju w iobgucÿj o|igeo`gigbob us srgig{oegõf& . Io gfajpnoegõf oqsî gfeisgbo FJ EJN\PJNCRC o \cpionju U&O&) fg o CRCPFGR ¦) fg oi gfdcfgcpj cfeopdobj bc us bcuoppjiij) wo qsc cu bc ig`pc w jisfropgo o|igeoegõf& . Iou eopdou ejfugbcpobou ejppcu|jfbcf o iju oijpcu bcfgbju |jp io Fjpno Ejijn`gofo bc Ugunjpcugurcfego ?77=) bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \cuj rcko bc `oppj =< hd*n°& . \cuj ejppcou 3 hd*n°& . Egcij Pouj ?< hd*n°& . Jrpou Eopdo 3 hd*n°& Ci |cuj bc iou |ioeou asc ejfugbcpobj bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \ioeou bc Ag`pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB ?03&5hd*nn°' w OURN O31= D55 |opo iju bc ?&0nn -Aw>05&0hd*nn°'&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=4
@OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF RCKO CRCPFGR¦ \CPAGI 4
RO@IO BC EÏIESIJ \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO EJF \IOEOU BC AG@PJECNCFRJ CRCP@JOPB W \CPAGICU BC \CPAGIONJU U&O& @OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF \CPAGI 4 O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
Bgurof. ego cfrpc
IS[
5&
5&3n
2&
2&3n
3&
3&3 n
1&< n
|cpicu
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\ioeo
\cpi
\cpi
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\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
<&2<4 <&2== <&1<4
?
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3
\2}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3 \2}0}?&3
\3}0}?&0 \2}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3
\3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
<&2<4 <&2== <&<14
?2n n ?2 nn ?2 nn
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \2}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3
\2}0}?&0 \3}0}?&0 \3}0}?&0
\3}0}?&0 \3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3
\3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
FJROU;
. Ci |pcucfrc bgucÿj bc`c ucp pcguobj |jp sf gfdcfgcpj ejn|crcfrc qsgcf bc`c ecprgeop io bcigbob bc iju |pjecbgngcfrju w io o|igeo`gigbob bc us srgig{oegõf& . Io gfajpnoegõf oqsî gfeisgbo FJ EJN\PJNCRC o \cpionju U&O&) fg o CRCPFGR ¦) fg oi gfdcfgcpj cfeopdobj bc us bcuoppjiij) wo qsc cu bc ig`pc w jisfropgo o|igeoegõf& . Iou eopdou ejfugbcpobou ejppcu|jfbcf o iju oijpcu bcfgbju |jp io Fjpno Ejijn`gofo bc Ugunjpcugurcfego ?77=) bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \cuj rcko ?5&= hd*n° . \cuj ejppcou 3 hd*n° . Egcij Pouj ?< hd*n° . Jrpou Eopdo 3 hd*n° Ci |cuj bc iou |ioeou asc ejfugbcpobj bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \ioeou bc Ag`pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB ?03&5hd*nn°' w OURN O31= D55 |opo iju bc ?&0nn -Aw>05&0hd*nn°'&
==
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
@OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF RCKO UEMGFDIC EJF NOFRJ
RO@IO BC EÏIESIJ \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO EJF \IOEOU BC AG@PJECNCFRJ CRCP@JOPB W \CPAGICU BC \CPAGIONJU U&O& @OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF RCKO UMGFDIC EJF NOFRJ Bgurof. ego cfrpc
IS[
5&
5&3n
2&
2&3n
3&
3&3 n
O R P GC @ S E C B U C U O @
1&< n
|cpicu
n
\ioeo
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
\cpi
<&2<4 <&2== <&1<4
?< nn ?
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \2}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \2}0}?&0 \1}0}?&0
\2}0}?&0 \1}0}?&0 \3}0}?&3
\1}0}?&0 \3}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\3}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
\3}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \3}0}0&<
<&2<4 <&2== <&<14
?2n n ?2 nn ?2n n
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \2}0}?&0
\2}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3 \2}0}?&3
\3}0}?&0 \2}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3
\2}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
E&3
FJROU;
. Ci |pcucfrc bgucÿj bc`c ucp pcguobj |jp sf gfdcfgcpj ejn|crcfrc qsgcf bc`c ecprgeop io bcigbob bc iju |pjecbg . ngcfrju w io o|igeo`gigbob bc us srgig{oegõf& . Io gfajpnoegõf oqsî gfeisgbo FJ EJN\PJNCRC o \cpionju U&O&) fg o CRCPFGR ¦) fg oi gfdcfgcpj cfeopdobj bc us bcuoppjiij) wo qsc cu bc ig`pc w jisfropgo o|igeoegõf& . Iou eopdou ejfugbcpobou ejppcu|jfbcf o iju oijpcu bcfgbju |jp io Fjpno Ejijn`gofo bc Ugunjpcugurcfego ?77=) bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \cuj rcko 4 hd*n°& . \cuj ejppcou 3 hd*n°& . Egcij Pouj ?< hd*n°& . Jrpou Eopdo 3 hd*n°& Ci |cuj bc iou |ioeou asc ejfugbcpobj bc io ugdsgcfrc ajpno; . \ioeou bc Ag`pjecncfrj CRCP@JOPB ?03&5hd*nn°' w OURN O31= D55 |opo iju bc ?&0nn -Aw>05&0hd*nn°'&
UGURCNO EJFURPSERGQJ CF UCEJ
=7
@OUCU BC ES@GCPRO \IOFO EJF EJFEPCRJ
RO@IO BC EOIESIJ \OPO @OUCU BC ES@GCPRO EJF \IOEOU BC AG@PJECNCFRJ CRCP@JOPB W \CPAGICU BC \CPAGIONJU U&O& @OUC BC ES@GCPRO EJF PCES@PGNGCFRJ CF EJFEPCRJ BC 1nn W NOIIO O R P C G @ S E C B U C U O @
E&3
Bgurof. ego cfrpc
IS[
5&
5&3n
2&
2&3n
3&
3&3 n
1&< n
|cpicu
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\cpi
\cpi
<&2<4 <&2== <&1<4
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\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3
\2}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3 \2}0}?&3
\3}0}?&0 \2}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3
\3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
<&2<4 <&2== <&<14
?2n n ?2 nn ?2 nn
\5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0 \5}0}?&0
\5}0}?&0 \2}0}?&0 \5}0}?&3
\2}0}?&0 \3}0}?&0 \3}0}?&3
\3}0}?&0 \3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3
\3}0}?&3 \1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&<
\1}0}?&3 \3}0}0&< \1}0}0&<
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FJROU;
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