Àdgfia FDW]OGQIIFÙD. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 8. Wfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto. ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 =. Eh gfnfiuethg phrh adiodtrhr udh hpefihifùd prèitfih h eos tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto..............................................................> 9. @ogaeos ga `hdtadf`fadto. .................................................................................................................................................... > H. @ogaeo Iorraitfvo. ............................................................................................................................................................ ; M. @ogaeo Iodgfifodhe. ......................................................................................................................................................... ; G. @ogaeo ga @hdtadf`fadto ga Heth Gfspodfmfefghg. ......................................................................................................... : 7. Otrhs iodsfgarhifodas. ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 h. @hdtadf`fadto Eakhe. ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 m. @hdtadf`fadto sumiodtrhthgo h ud aspaifhefsth. ...............................................................................................................6 NO]@HY GA AEHMO]HIFÙD GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO. .............................................................................. 8< Eh daiasfghg ga aehmorhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ad udh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe. .......................................................... 8< @HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD FDYW]QIIFODAY GA NHM]FIHDWAY. ................................................................... 8= Nhsa 8 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8= Nhsa =2 ]aiopfehifùd ga eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios. ..................................................................................................... 89 Nhsa 92 @hdtadf`fadto eakhe. ............................................................................................................................................... 87 @HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD FDYW]QIIFODAY KADÆ]FIHY................................................................................ 87 Nhsa 82 Efsth ga aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos. ............................................................................................................................... 81 Nhsa =2 Efsthgo ga thrahs kadærfihs phrh ihgh tfpo ga aqufpo. ........................................................................................... 81 Nhsa 92 Hpefihifùd ga ehs thrahs kadærfihs. .......................................................................................................................... 8> Nhsa 72 Io`promhifùd ga ehs fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas. .......................................................................................... 8> Nhsa 12 Høhgfr `hdtadf`fadto eakhe. ................................................................................................................................... 8> @HDWADF@FADWO \]OK]H@HGO. .................................................................................................................................. 8> @HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD ]I@. .............................................................................................................................. 8; ¿XQÆ AY ]I@? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8: AE OMBAWF^O GAE ]I@ V EHY NHYAY GAE \]OIAYO. ................................................................................................ 86 QD \]OMEA@H GA ADNOXQA2 ¿]I@ H\EFIHGO H AXQF\OY I]ÀWFIOY O H WOGH EH \EHDWH?.................. =8 NHYA <2 EFYWHGO V IOGFNFIHIFÙD GA AXQF\OY. .................................................................................................. == NHYA 82 EFYWHGO GA NQDIFODAY V YQY AY\AIFNFIHIFODAY. ..........................................................................=7 NHYA =2 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD GA NHEEHY NQDIFODHEAY V NHEEHY WÆIDFIHY. ................................................ =1 Jfstorfhe ga hvaràhs. ......................................................................................................................................................... =1 \arsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto. ............................................................................................................................................ => \arsodhe ga proguiifùd. .................................................................................................................................................. => Gfhkrh`hs eùkfios y gfhkrh`hs nudifodheas................................................................................................................... => NHYA 92 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD GA EOY @OGOY GA NHEEH.........................................................................................=; NHYA 72 AYWQGFO GA EHY IODYAIQADIFHY GA EHY NHEEHY. I]FWFIFGHG. .................................................=6
=
NHYA 12 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD GA EHY @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY. ............................................................................9= WH]AHY GA @HDWADF@FADWO .......................................................................................................................................... 9= @ABO]HY V @OGFNFIHIFODAY GA EH FDYWHEHIFÙD. ..................................................................................... 9> IH@MFOY AD EOY \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA O\A]HIFÙD. ................................................................................... 9; IH@MFOY AD EOY \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA @HDWADF@FADWO. ........................................................................ 9: NO]@HIFÙD. ................................................................................................................................................................ 9: NHYA >2 HK]Q\HIFÙD GA EHY@AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY. ...................................................................................9: NHYA ;2 \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA EHY @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY. .....................................................................96 \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO. .......................................................................................... 96 F@\EA@ADWHIFÙD GA @ABO]HY WÆIDFIHY. ............................................................................................................... 96 \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA EHY HIIFODAY NO]@HWF^HY. .......................................................................................... 96 \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA IH@MFOY AD \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA O\A]HIFÙD V @HDWADF@FADWO. ..............7< GFNA]ADIFHY ADW]A QD \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO FDFIFHE V QDO MHYHGO AD ]I@ .............................. 7< ¿XQÆ AY W\@? ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7= Eh nfeosonàh gae W\@. ........................................................................................................................................................... 7= Eh atardh paeah adtra `hdtadf`fadto y proguiifùd. ............................................................................................................ 7= Ehs safs krhdgas pærgfghs. .................................................................................................................................................... 79 Eh f`pefihifùd gae oparhgor ad ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto. ............................................................................................ 79 EH F@\EHDWHIFÙD GA W\@ AD QDH A@\]AYH. ......................................................................................................... 77 EH IODW]HWHIFÙD GA HYAYO]H@FADWO AZWA]DO AD AE \]OIAYO GA F@\EHDWHIFÙD GA W\@.........7; EH \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO...................................................................................... 7; Kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto y puasth ad `hrijh gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. ....................................................................... 7; Hkruphifùd ga ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto ad kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto. ........................................................................ 7; ]odghs gfhrfhs.......................................................................................................................................................................7: Whrahs sa`hdheas y `adsuheas. ............................................................................................................................................ 7: Whrahs hduheas.......................................................................................................................................................................7: Aba`peo ga astruiturh ga pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. ............................................................................................................... 76 \uasth ad `hrijh gae pehd. ................................................................................................................................................... 76 \roiagf`fadtos ga rahefzhifùd.............................................................................................................................................. 1< Fdnor`as trhs eh rahefzhifùd ga ehs thrahs. ............................................................................................................................ 1< \ehdfnfihifùd ga eh abaiuifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. .................................................................................................. 18 Arroras jhmftuheas ad eh aehmorhifùd a f`pea`adthifùd ga pehdas ga `hdtadf`fadto. ...................................................... 1= AE \]AYQ\QAYWO GA @HDWADF@FADWO. ...................................................................................................................... 17 AEHMO]HIFÙD GAE \]AYQ\QAYWO HDQHE GA @HDWADF@FADWO. ................................................................. 17 KAYWFÙD GAE @HDWADF@FADWO IO]]AIWF^O. ......................................................................................................... 1: HYFKDHIFÙD GA \]FO]FGHGAY. ....................................................................................................................................... >8 FDNO]@AY GA H^A]ÀHY. ..................................................................................................................................................... >= HDÈEFYFY GA H^A]ÀHY. .................................................................................................................................................. >=
9
@HDWADF@FADWO \]AGFIWF^O........................................................................................................................................;8 HDÈEFYFY GA ^FM]HIFODAY. ........................................................................................................................................ ;= HDÈEFYFY WA]@OK]ÈNFIO. .......................................................................................................................................... ;9 HDÈEFYFY MO]OYIÙ\FIO............................................................................................................................................... ;1 QEW]HYODFGO. ................................................................................................................................................................. ;> HDÈEFYFY GA HIAFWAY. ................................................................................................................................................... ;; JA]]H@FADWHY JHMFWQHEAY \H]H @HDWADF@FADWO. ........................................................................................ ;6 ]AIQ]YOY JQ@HDOY AD @HDWADF@FADWO. .............................................................................................................. :7 @OWF^HIFÙD..................................................................................................................................................................... :1 \OEF^HEADIFH. ................................................................................................................................................................ :: O]KHDFK]H@HY GA @HDWADF@FADWO. ....................................................................................................................... 68 HQGFWO]ÀHY GA @HDWADF@FADWO ................................................................................................................................. 67 H. \uasth h pudto ga fdsthehifodas. ...................................................................................................................................... 67 M. Avheuhifùd eh oparhifùd y ae `hdtadf`fadto ga udh fdsthehifùd. .................................................................................. 61 I. Avheuhifùd ga eh kastfùd ga ud iodtrhtfsth ga oparhifùd y/o `hdtadf`fadto. ............................................................... 61 G. Oparhifodas ga io`prh o vadth ga fdsthehifodas. .......................................................................................................... 6> A. Astugfo ga udh posfmea fdvarsfùd, ravfsfùd o h`pefhifùd ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe. .......................................................6> N. Hdèefsfs ga eh fdsthehifùd hdtas ga nfr`hr ud iodtrhto ga `hdtadf`fadto ga krhd heihdia............................................ 6> OW]OY. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8<< Ae nrhihso hsakurhgo ga ud duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto o irùdfih ga udh `uarta hdudifhgh. .....................................8<< A]]O]AY JHMFWQHEAY AD EH \QAYWH AD NQDIFODH@FADWO (IO@@FYYFODFDK) GA QDH FDYWHEHIFÙD. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8<= AE IODNEFIWO O\A]HIFÙD-@HDWADF@FADWO. ....................................................................................................... 8<7
7
FDW]OGQIIFÙD. Asta goiu`adto trhth ga gatheehr eh trhgfifodhe gfvfsfùd ad tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto, gasthihdgo qua asth gfvfsfùd, hphrta ga udh sf`pea iodiapifùd hihgæ`fih o iod nfdas nor`htfvos, do tfada `hyor utfefghg. Do as posfmea gatar`fdhr qua phrh udh `èqufdh iodirath, ae tfpo ga `hdtadf`fadto h hpefihr as udo ga eos trhgfifodheas (iorraitfvo, prokrh`hgo, ati.).`ogaeos As `èsgaprèitfio hpefihr saotro iodiapto2 ae `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto.pragfitfvo, Eos gfnaradtas `hdtadf`fadto ganfdad io`o udh `azieh ga eos gfnaradtas tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto ad ehs proporifodas daiashrfhs phrh ihgh aqufpo.
8. Wfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Wrhgfifodhe`adta, sa jhd gfstfdkufgo 1 tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto, qua sa gfnaradifhd adtra sà por ae ihrèitar ga ehs thrahs qua fdieuyad2
@hdtadf`fadto Iorraitfvo2 As ae iodbudto ga thrahs gastfdhghs h iorrakfr eos ganaitos qua sa vhd prasadthdgo ad eos gfstfdtos aqufpos y qua sod io`udfihgos he gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto por eos usuhrfos ga eos `fs`os. @hdtadf`fadto \ravadtfvo2 As ae `hdtadf`fadto qua tfada por `fsfùd `hdtadar ud dfvae ga sarvfifo gatar`fdhgo ad eos aqufpos, prokrh`hdgo ehs fdtarvadifodas ga sus pudtos vuedarhmeas ad ae `o`adto `ès oportudo. Yuaea tadar ud ihrèitar sfsta`ètfio, as gaifr, sa fdtarvfada hudqua ae aqufpo do jhyh ghgo dfdkòd sàdto`h ga tadar ud promea`h @hdtadf`fadto \ragfitfvo2 As ae qua parsfkua iodoiar a fdnor`hr par`hdadta`adta gae asthgo y oparhtfvfghg ga ehs fdsthehifodas `agfhdta ae iodoif`fadto ga eos vheoras ga gatar`fdhghs vhrfhmeas, raprasadthtfvhs ga the asthgo y oparhtfvfghg. \hrh hpefihr asta `hdtadf`fadto, as daiashrfo fgadtfnfihr vhrfhmeas nàsfihs (ta`parhturh, vfmrhifùd, iodsu`o ga adarkàh, ati.) iuyh vhrfhifùd sah fdgfihtfvh ga promea`hs qua puaghd asthr hphraifadgo ad ae aqufpo. As ae tfpo ga `hdtadf`fadto `ès taidoeùkfio, puas raqufara ga `agfos tæidfios hvhdzhgos, y ad oihsfodas, ga nuartas iodoif`fadtos `hta`ètfios, nàsfios y/o tæidfios. @hdtadf`fadto Iaro Jorhs (Ovarjhue)2 As ae iodbudto ga thrahs iuyo ombatfvo as ravfshr eos aqufpos h fdtarvheos prokrh`hgos, mfad hdtas ga qua hphrazih dfdkudh nheeh, mfad iuhdgo eh nfhmfefghg gae aqufpo jh gfs`fdufgo hpraifhmea`adta ga `hdarh qua rasueth hrrfaskhgo jhiar pravfsfodas somra su ihphifghg proguitfvh. Gfijh ravfsfùd iodsfsta ad gabhr ae aqufpo h Iaro jorhs ga nudifodh`fadto, as gaifr, io`o sf ae aqufpo nuarh duavo. Ad asths ravfsfodas sa sustftuyad o sa raphrhd togos eos aea`adtos so`atfgos h gaskhsta. Ya pratadga hsakurhr, iod krhd promhmfefghg ud tfa`po ga muad nudifodh`fadto nfbhgo ga hdta`hdo. @hdtadf`fadto Ad Qso2 as ae `hdtadf`fadto mèsfio ga ud aqufpo rahefzhgo por eos usuhrfos gae `fs`o. Iodsfsta ad udh sarfa ga thrahs aea`adtheas (to`hs ga ghtos, 1
fdspaiifodas vfsuheas, ef`pfazh, eumrfihifùd, rahprfata ga tordfeeos) phrh ehs qua do as daiashrfo udh krhd nor`hifùd, sfdo the soeo ud adtradh`fadto mrava. Asta tfpo ga `hdtadf`fadto as eh mhsa gae W\@ (Wothe \roguitfva @hfdtadhdia, @hdtadf`fadto \roguitfvo Wothe). =. Eh gfnfiuethg phrh adiodtrhr udh hpefihifùd prèitfih h eos tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Asth gfvfsfùd ga Wfpos ga @hdtadf`fadto prasadth ae fdiodvadfadta ga ihgh aqufpo daiasfth udh `azieh ga ihgh udo ga asos tfpos, ga `hdarh qua do poga`os padshr ad hpefihr udo soeo ga aeeos h ud aqufpo ad phrtfiuehr. Hsà, ad ud `otor gatar`fdhgo dos oiuphra`os ga su eumrfihifùd (`hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo parfùgfio), sf eo raqufara, `agfra`os sus vfmrhifodas o sus ta`parhturhs (`hdtadf`fadto pragfitfvo), qufzès ea jhkh`os udh puasth h pudto hduhe (puasth h iaro) y raphrhra`os ehs hvaràhs qua vhyhd surkfadgo (`hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo). Eh `azieh `ès fgùdah ga togos astos tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto dos eh gfithrèd astrfiths rhzodas efkhghs he iosto ga ehs pærgfghs ga proguiifùd ad udh phrhgh ga asa aqufpo, he iosto ga raphrhifùd, he f`phito h`mfadthe, h eh sakurfghg y h eh ihefghg gae proguito o sarvfifo, adtra otrhs. Ae fdiodvadfadta, puas, ga eh gfvfsfùd hdtarfor as qua do as ihphz ga ghr udh raspuasth iehrh h asth prakudth2 ¿Iuèe as ae `hdtadf`fadto qua gamo hpefihr h ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos qua io`podad udh pehdth iodirath?
\hrh ghr raspuasth h asth prakudth, as iodvadfadta ganfdfr ae iodiapto ga @ogaeo ga @hdtadf`fadto. Qd @ogaeo ga @hdtadf`fadto as udh `azieh ga eos hdtarforas tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto ad udhs proporifodas gatar`fdhghs, y qua raspodga hgaiuhgh`adta h ehs daiasfghgas ga ud aqufpo iodirato. \oga`os padshr qua ihgh aqufpo daiasfthrè udh `azieh gfstfdth ga eos gfnaradtas tfpos ga `hdtadf`fadto, udh `azieh gatar`fdhgh ga thrahs, ga `hdarh qua eos `ogaeos ga `hdtadf`fadto posfmeas sarèd thdtos io`o aqufpos puaghd axfstfr. \aro asto do as gae togo iorraito. \uagad fgadtfnfihrsa iehrh`adta 7 ga asths `aziehs, io`pea`adthghs iod otros gos tfpos ga thrahs hgfifodheas, sakòd vara`os `ès hgaehdta. 9. @ogaeos ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Ihgh udo ga eos `ogaeos qua sa axpodad h iodtfduhifùd, fdieuyad vhrfos ga eos tfpos hdtarforas ga `hdtadf`fadto, ad eh proporifùd qua sa fdgfih. Hga`ès, togos aeeos fdieuyad gos hitfvfghgas2 fdspaiifodas vfsuheas y eumrfihifùd. Asto as hsà porqua astè ga`ostrhgo qua eh rahefzhifùd ga asths gos thrahs ad iuhequfar aqufpo as radthmea. Fdieuso ad ae `ogaeo `ès sadifeeo (@ogaeo Iorraitfvo), ad ae qua prèitfih`adta hmhdgodh`os ae aqufpo h su suarta y do dos oiuph`os ga æe jhsth qua dos sa proguia udh hvaràh, as iodvadfadta >
omsarvhreo he `ados udh vaz he `as, y eumrfihreo iod proguitos hgaiuhgos h sus ihrhitaràstfihs. Ehs fdspaiifodas vfsuheas prèitfih`adta do iuasthd gfdaro (asths fdspaiifodas asthrèd fdieufghs ad udhs kh`hs ad ehs qua tadgra`os qua omsarvhr otros aqufpos iarihdos, por eo qua do sfkdfnfihrè qua tadkh`os qua gastfdhr raiursos axprash`adta phrh ash nudifùd). Asth fdspaiifùd dos par`ftfrè gataithr hvaràhs ga `hdarh praioz, y su rasoeuifùd kadarhe`adta sarè `ès mhrhth iuhdto hdtas gataita`os ae promea`h. Eh eumrfihifùd patroquf`fih8sfa`pra as radthmea. Hudqua sà raprasadth ud iosto (eumrfihdta yqua eh `hdo ga omrhpor ga udh hpefihreo), ad kadarhe as thdf`pefihrè mhbo qua sfa`pra astè somrhgh`adta bustfnfihgo, udh hvaràh nheth ga eumrfihifùd ud khsto `hyor qua yh eh hpefihifùd gae eumrfihdta iorraspodgfadta. Jaijh asth pudtuhefzhifùd, poga`os ganfdfr yh eos gfvarsos `ogaeos ga `hdtadf`fadto posfmeas. H. @ogaeo Iorraitfvo.
Asta `ogaeo as ae `ès mèsfio, a fdieuya, hga`ès ga ehs fdspaiifodas vfsuheas y eh eumrfihifùd `adifodhghs hdtarfor`adta, eh raphrhifùd ga hvaràhs qua surbhd. As hpefihmea, io`o vara`os, h aqufpos iod ae `ès mhbo dfvae ga irftfifghg, iuyhs hvaràhs do supodad dfdkòd promea`h, df aiodù`fio df tæidfio. Ad asta tfpo ga aqufpos do as radthmea gagfihr `hyoras raiursos df asnuarzos. M. @ogaeo Iodgfifodhe. Fdieuya ehs hitfvfghgas gae `ogaeo hdtarfor, y hga`ès, eh rahefzhifùd ga udh sarfa ga pruamhs o adshyos, qua iodgfifodhrèd udh hituhifùd postarfor. Yf trhs ehs pruamhs gasiumrf`os udh hdo`heàh, prokrh`hra`os udh fdtarvadifùd3 sf por ae iodtrhrfo, togo as iorraito, do hituhra`os somra ae aqufpo. Asta `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto as vèefgo ad hquaeeos aqufpos ga poio uso, o aqufpos qua h pashr ga sar f`porthdtas ad ae sfsta`h proguitfvo su promhmfefghg ga nheeh as mhbh. I. @ogaeo Yfsta`ètfio.
Asta `ogaeo fdieuya ud iodbudto ga thrahs qua rahefzhra`os sfd f`porthrdos iuèe as eh iodgfifùd gae aqufpo3 rahefzhra`os, hga`ès, hekudhs `agfifodas y pruamhs phrh gaifgfr sf rahefzh`os otrhs thrahs ga `hyor advarkhgurh3 y por òetf`o, rasoevara`os ehs hvaràhs qua surbhd. As ud `ogaeo ga krhd hpefihifùd ad aqufpos ga gfspodfmfefghg `agfh, ga ifarth f`porthdifh ad ae sfsta`h proguitfvo y iuyhs hvaràhs ihushd hekudos trhstordos. As f`porthdta saøhehr qua ud aqufpo subato h ud `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto sfsta`ètfio do tfada por quæ tadar toghs sus thrahs iod udh parfogfifghg nfbh. Yf`pea`adta, ud aqufpo iod asta `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto puaga tadar thrahs sfsta`ètfihs, qua sa rahefiad sfd f`porthr ae tfa`po qua eeavh nudifodhdgo o ae asthgo ga eos aea`adtos somra eos qua sa trhmhbh. As eh prfdifphe gfnaradifh iod eos gos `ogaeos hdtarforas, ad eos qua phrh rahefzhr udh thrah gama prasadthrsa hekòd sàdto`h ga nheeh. ;
Qd aba`peo ga aqufpo subato h asta `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto as ud rahitor gfsiodtfduo, ad ae qua ehs `htarfhs qua gamad rahiifodhr sa fdtroguiad ga udh soeh vaz, tfada eukhr eh rahiifùd, y postarfor`adta sa axtrha ae proguito ga eh rahiifùd, hdtas ga rahefzhr udh duavh ihrkh. Fdgapadgfadta`adta ga qua asta rahitor astæ gupefihgo o do, iuhdgo astè ad oparhifùd gama sar nfhmea, por eo qua sa bustfnfih rahefzhr udh sarfa ga thrahs iod fdgapadgadifh ga qua jhyhd prasadthgo hekòd sàdto`h ga nheeh.
Otros aba`peos2
Ae trad ga htarrfzhba ga ud hvfùd. Ae `otor ga ud hvfùd.
G. @ogaeo ga @hdtadf`fadto ga Heth Gfspodfmfefghg.
As ae `ogaeo `ès axfkadta y axjhustfvo ga togos. Ya hpefih ad hquaeeos aqufpos qua mhbo dfdkòd iodiapto puagad sunrfr udh hvaràh o ud `he nudifodh`fadto. Yod aqufpos h eos qua sa axfka, hga`ès, udos dfvaeas ga gfspodfmfefghg hetàsf`os, por adif`h gae 6<%. Eh rhzùd ga ud dfvae thd heto ga gfspodfmfefghg as ad kadarhe ae heto iosto ad proguiifùd qua tfada udh hvaràh. Iod udh axfkadifh thd heth, do jhy tfa`po phrh ae `hdtadf`fadto qua raqufarh phrhgh gae aqufpo (iorraitfvo, pravadtfvo sfsta`ètfio). \hrh `hdtadar astos aqufpos as daiashrfo a`peahr tæidfihs ga `hdtadf`fadto pragfitfvo, qua dos par`fthd iodoiar ae asthgo gae aqufpo iod æe ad `hrijh, y h phrhghs prokrh`hghs, qua supodgrèd udh ravfsfùd kadarhe io`peath, iod udh nraiuadifh kadarhe`adta hduhe o suparfor. Ad asth ravfsfùd sa sustftuyad, ad kadarhe, toghs hquaeehs pfazhs so`atfghs h gaskhsta o iod promhmfefghg ga nheeh h eo ehrko gae høo (pfazhs iod udh vfgh fdnarfor h gos høos). Asths ravfsfodas sa praphrhd iod krhd hdtaehifùd, y do tfada porquæ sar axhith`adta fkuheas høo trhs høo. Io`o qufarh qua sah, ad asta `ogaeo do sa fdieuya ae `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo, as gaifr, ae ombatfvo qua sa musih ad asta aqufpo as IA]O H^A]ÀHY, ad kadarhe do jhy tfa`po phrh sumshdhr iodvadfadta`adta ehs fdifgadifhs qua oiurrad, sfadgo iodvadfadta ad `uijos ihsos rahefzhr raphrhifodas rèpfghs provfsfodheas qua par`fthd `hdtadar ae aqufpo ad `hrijh jhsth eh prùxf`h ravfsfùd kadarhe. \or thdto, eh \uasth h Iaro hduhe gama fdieufr eh rasoeuifùd ga toghs hquaeehs raphrhifodas provfsfodheas qua jhyhd tadfgo qua anaituhrsa ad eh pehdth h eo ehrko gae høo. Hekudos aba`peos ga asta `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto puagad sar eos sfkufadtas2
Wurmfdhs ga proguiifùd ga adarkàh aeæitrfih. Jordos ga aeavhgh ta`parhturh, ad eos qua udh fdtarvadifùd supoda adnrfhr y voevar h iheadthr ae jordo, iod ae iodsfkufadta khsto adarkætfio y iod ehs pærgfghs ga proguiifùd qua trha hsoifhgo. Aqufpos rothtfvos qua trhmhbhd ga nor`h iodtfduh.
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Gapùsftos rahitoras o thdquas ga rahiifùd do gupefihgos, qua sahd eh mhsa ga eh proguiifùd y qua gamhd `hdtadarsa ad nudifodh`fadto ae `èxf`o dò`aro ga jorhs posfmea.
7. Otrhs iodsfgarhifodas.
Ad ae gfsaøo gae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto, gamad tadarsa ad iuadth gos iodsfgarhifodas `uy f`porthdtas qua hnaithd h hekudos aqufpos ad phrtfiuehr. Ad prf`ar eukhr, hekudos aqufpos astèd so`atfgos h dor`htfvhs eakheas qua rakuehd su `hdtadf`fadto, omefkhdgo h qua sa rahefiad ad aeeos gatar`fdhghs hitfvfghgas iod udh parfogfifghg asthmeaifgh. Ad sakudgo eukhr, hekudhs ga ehs hitfvfghgas ga `hdtadf`fadto do poga`os rahefzhrehs iod ae aqufpo jhmftuhe ga `hdtadf`fadto (sah propfo o iodtrhthgo) puas sa raqufara ga iodoif`fadtos y/o `agfos aspaiànfios qua soeo astèd ad `hdos gae nhmrfihdta, gfstrfmufgor o ga ud aspaifhefsth ad ae aqufpo. Astos gos hspaitos gamad sar vheorhgos iuhdgo trhth`os ga gatar`fdhr ae `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto qua gama`os hpefihr h ud aqufpo. h. @hdtadf`fadto Eakhe.
Hekudos aqufpos astèd so`atfgos h dor`htfvhs o h rakuehifodas por phrta ga eh Hg`fdfstrhifùd. Yomra togo, sod aqufpos qua adtrhøhd rfaskos phrh ehs parsodhs o phrh ae adtordo. Eh Hg`fdfstrhifùd axfka eh rahefzhifùd ga udh sarfa ga thrahs, pruamhs a fdspaiifodas, a fdieuso hekudhs ga aeehs gamad sar rahefzhghs por a`prashs gamfgh`adta hutorfzhghs phrh eeavhrehs h ihmo. Asths thrahs gamad daiashrfh`adta fdiorporhrsa he \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto gae aqufpo, sah iuhe sah ae `ogaeo qua sa gaifgh hpefihrea. Hekudos ga eos aqufpos so`atfgos h asta tfpo ga `hdtadf`fadto sod eos sfkufadtas2
Aqufpos y hphrhtos h prasfùd. Fdsthehifodas ga Heth y @agfh Wadsfùd. Worras ga ]anrfkarhifùd. Gatar`fdhgos `agfos ga aeavhifùd, ga ihrkhs o ga parsodhs. ^ajàiueos. Fdsthehifodas iodtrhfdiadgfos. Whdquas ga he`hiadh`fadto ga gatar`fdhgos proguitos quà`fios.
m. @hdtadf`fadto sumiodtrhthgo h ud aspaifhefsth.
Iuhdgo jhmeh`os ga ud aspaifhefsth, dos ranarf`os h ud fdgfvfguo o a`prash aspaifhefzhgh ad ud aqufpo iodirato. Ae aspaifhefsth puaga sar ae nhmrfihdta gae aqufpo, ae sarvfifo tæidfio 6
gae f`porthgor, o udh a`prash qua sa jh aspaifhefzhgo ad ud tfpo iodirato ga fdtarvadifodas. Io`o ja`os gfijo, gama`os raiurrfr he aspaifhefsth iuhdgo2
Do tada`os iodoif`fadtos sunfifadtas. Do tada`os eos `agfos daiashrfos.
Yf sa ghd asths ifriudsthdifhs, hekudhs o toghs ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto gamara`os sumiodtrhthrehs h a`prashs aspaifhefzhghs. Ae `hdtadf`fadto sumiodtrhthgo h ud aspaifhefsth as ad kadarhe eh hetardhtfvh `ès ihrh, puas eh a`prash qua eo onraia as iodsifadta ga qua do io`pfta. Eos praifos do sod praifos ga `arihgo, sfdo praifos ga `odopoefo. Gama trhthr ga avfthrsa ad eh `agfgh ga eo posfmea, por ae adihraif`fadto y por eh gapadgadifh axtardh qua supoda . Eh nor`h `ès rhzodhmea ga avfthreo iodsfsta ad gashrroeehr ud \ehd ga Nor`hifùd qua fdieuyh adtradh`fadto aspaiànfio he parsodhe ad hquaeeos aqufpos ga eos qua do sa posaad iodoif`fadtos sunfifadtas, hgqufrfadgo hga`ès eos `agfos tæidfios daiashrfos. NO]@HY GA AEHMO]HIFÙD GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO. Eh daiasfghg ga aehmorhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ad udh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe.
Eh nfhmfefghg y eh gfspodfmfefghg ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe o ga ud agfnfifo gapadgad, ad prf`ar eukhr, ga su gfsaøo y ga eh ihefghg ga su `odthba . Yf sa trhth ga ud gfsaøo romusto y nfhmea, y eh pehdth jh sfgo iodstrufgh sfkufadgo nfae`adta su gfsaøo y utfefzhdgo ehs `aboras tæidfihs gfspodfmeas phrh eh abaiuifùd, gapadga ad sakudgo eukhr ga eh nor`h y muadhs iostu`mras gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd, ae parsodhe qua oparh ehs fdsthehifodas. Ad tariar y òetf`o eukhr, nfhmfefghg y gfspodfmfefghg gapadgad gae `hdtadf`fadto qua sa rahefia. Yf ae `hdtadf`fadto as mèsfih`adta iorraitfvo, htadgfadgo somra togo eos promea`hs iuhdgo sa prasadthd, as `uy posfmea qua h iorto pehzo asth poeàtfih sah . Gama`os f`hkfdhr ae `hdtadf`fadto ud krhd gapùsfto. rahefzh`os ud radthmea muad `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo, tadgra`os aeio`o gapùsfto sfa`pra eeadoYf. Yf do jhia`os dhgh, ae gapùsfto sa vh vhifhdgo, y puaga eeakhr ud `o`adto ad ae qua ae gapùsfto, eh rasarvh ga `hdtadf`fadto, sa jhyh hkothgo por io`peato, sfadgo `ès radthmea hgqufrfr ud duavo aqufpo o fdieuso iodstrufr udh duavh pehdth qua htadgar toghs ehs raphrhifodas qua vhd surkfadgo. Gama`os tadar ad iuadth qua eo qua jhkh`os ad `hdtadf`fadto do tfada su iodsaiuadifh ga `hdarh fd`agfhth, sfdo qua eos anaitos ga ehs hiifodas qua to`h`os sa ravaehd iod safs `asas o iod ud høo ga ratrhso. Joy phkh`os eos arroras ga hyar, o gfsnruth`os ga eos hifartos. Eh oihsfùd parnaith phrh gfsaøhr ud muad `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo qua jhkh qua eh gfspodfmfefghg y eh nfhmfefghg ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe sahd `uy heths, as gurhdta eh iodstruiifùd ga æsth. Iuhdgo eh iodstruiifùd jh nfdhefzhgo y eh pehdth as adtrakhgh he 8<
propfathrfo phrh su axpeothifùd io`arifhe, ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto gama asthr yh gfsaøhgo, y gama podarsa ad `hrijh gasga ae prf`ar gàh qua eh pehdth adtrh ad oparhifùd. \argar ash oportudfghg sfkdfnfih radudifhr h qua eh `hyor phrta gae `hdtadf`fadto sah prokrh`hgo, y ihar ad ae arror (ud krhva arror ga iodsaiuadifhs aiodù`fihs danhsths) ga qua sahd ehs hvaràhs ehs qua gfrfbhd eh hitfvfghg gae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto. As `uy dor`he prasthr `uijh f`porthdifh he `hdtadf`fadto ga eos aqufpos prfdifpheas, y do praoiuphrsa ad eharror, `fs`h ga togos eos aqufpos hgfifodheas huxfefhras. Gasga euako as otro krhva puas`agfgh udh sf`pea mo`mh ga ranrfkarhifùd o udo sf`pea trhds`fsor ga prasfùd puagad phrhr udh pehdth y oihsfodhr ud promea`h thd krhva io`o udh nheeh ad ae aqufpo ga proguiifùd `ès iostoso qua tadkh eh fdsthehifùd. Iodvfada, puas, prasthr eh htadifùd gamfgh do sùeo h eos aqufpos `ès iostosos aiodù`fih`adta, sfdo h togos hquaeeos ihphias ga provoihr nheehs iràtfihs. Qd muad pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto as hquae qua jh hdhefzhgo toghs ehs nheehs posfmeas, y qua jh sfgo gfsaøhgo phrh avfthrehs. Aso qufara gaifr qua phrh aehmorhr ud muad pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto as hmsoeuth`adta daiashrfo rahefzhr ud gatheehgo hdèefsfs ga nheehs (`ogo ga nheeh) ga togos eos sfsta`hs qua io`podad eh pehdth . \or gaskrhifh, asto rhrh`adta sa rahefzh. Yùeo ad eos aqufpos `ès iostosos ga eh pehdth fdgustrfhe suaea jhmarsa rahefzhgo asta por`adorfzhgo hdèefsfs, y eo suaea jhmar rahefzhgo ae nhmrfihdta gae aqufpo. \or aeeo, ad asos aqufpos prfdifpheas gama sakufrsa eo fdgfihgo por . \aro ga yaqufpos y sfsta`hs io`podad eh pehdth, io`oh ae nhmrfihdta ja`os gfijo ga phrhraeehrasto pehdth provoihr ud krhva qua promea`h, th`mfæd gamad ihphias asthr subatos asta rfkuroso hdèefsfs. Oiurra h vaias qua do sa gfspoda ga eos raiursos daiashrfos phrh rahefzhr asta astugfo ga nor`h pravfh h eh adtrhgh ad nudifodh`fadto ga eh pehdth, o qua æsth yh astè ad nudifodh`fadto iuhdgo sa pehdtah eh daiasfghg ga aehmorhr ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. Ad astos ihsos, as iodvadfadta rahefzhr asta pehd ad gos nhsas 2 8. ]ahefzhr ud pehd fdfifhe, mhshgo ad fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas (`ogo `ès mèsfio ga aehmorhr ud pehd) o ad fdstruiifodas kadærfihs sakòd ae tfpo ga aqufpo, io`peathgos sfa`pra por eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios qua jhmftuhe`adta trhmhbhd ad eh pehdth, y ehs omefkhifodas eakheas ga `hdtadf`fadto qua tfadad hekudhs fdsthehifodas. Asta pehd puaga aehmorhrsa iod rhpfgaz. Jhy qua raiorghr qua as `abor ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto fdio`peato qua rahe`adta sa eeavh h ihmo ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto fdaxfstadta.gaAsta pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto fdfifhe puaga asthrqua mhshgo òdfih`adta ad ehs fdstruiifodas eos nhmrfihdtas, ad fdstruiifodas kadærfihs phrh ihgh tfpo ga aqufpo y/o ad eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios. =. Qdh vaz aehmorhgo asta pehd y iod æe yh ad nudifodh`fadto (as gaifr, eos tæidfios y togo ae parsodhe sa jh hiostu`mrhgo h eh fgah ga qua eos aqufpos jhy qua ravfshreos parfùgfih`adta), rahefzhr ae pehd `ès hvhdzhgo mhshgo ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs ga ihgh udo ga eos sfsta`hs qua io`podad eh pehdth . Asta hdèefsfs par`ftfrè do sùeo gfsaøhr ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto, sfdo qua hga`ès par`ftfrè propodar `aborhs qua avftad ashs nheehs, irahr proiagf`fadtos ga `hdtadf`fadto o ga oparhifùd y saeaiifodhr ae rapuasto daiashrfo.
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@HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD FDYW]QIIFODAY GA NHM]FIHDWAY.
Eh aehmorhifùd ga ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto puaga jhiarsa ga tras nor`hs2
@ogo 82 ]ahefzhdgo ud pehd mhshgo ad ehs fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas ga eos gfnaradtas aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth.
udtæidfios \ehd ga qua `hdtadf`fadto mhshgo ad fdstruiifodas @ogo =2 ]ahefzhdgo ad eh axparfadifh ga eos jhmftuhe`adta trhmhbhd ad eh pehdth. kadærfihs y @ogo 92 ]ahefzhdgo ud pehd mhshgo ad ud hdèefsfs ga nheehs qua pratadgad avfthrsa.
Ad pehdths qua do tfadad dfdkòd pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto f`pehdthgo, puaga sar iodvadfadta jhiar heko sadifeeo y podareo ad `hrijh. Aso sa puaga jhiar sfkufadgo ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas o mhsèdgosa ad eh axparfadifh propfh o ga otros. Yod eos `ogos 8 y =. Asta hrtàiueo gatheeh eh nor`h ga hituhr ad ae `ogo 8, as gaifr, mhshr ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ad eos `hduheas y ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas.
Asth nor`h ga aehmorhr ae pehd tfada kadarhe`adta 9 nhsas, io`o sa hpraifh ad eh nfkurh sfkufadta2
Nhsa 82 ]aiopfehifùd ga `hduheas y ga fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas. ]ahefzhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto mhshgo ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas ga eos gfnaradtas aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth do as `ès qua raiopfehr togh eh fdnor`hifùd axfstadta ad eos `hduheas ga oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto ga astos aqufpos y ghrea he iodbudto ud nor`hto gatar`fdhgo.
As iodvadfadta jhiar udh efsth pravfh iod togos eos aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos ga eh pehdth. H iodtfduhifùd, y trhs io`promhr qua eh efsth iodtfada togos eos aqufpos, jhmrè qua hsakurhrsa 8=
ga qua sa gfspoda ga eos `hduheas ga togos asos aqufpos. Ae òetf`o phso sarè raiopfehr togh eh fdnor`hifùd iodtadfgh ad ae hphrthgo ―`hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo‐ qua nfkurh ad asos `hduheas, y hkruphreh ga nor`h oparhtfvh. Yf ae aqufpo ga `hdtadf`fadto astè gfvfgfgo ad parsodhe `aièdfio y parsodhe aeæitrfio, puaga sar iodvadfadta gfvfgfr th`mfæd ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto sakòd asths aspaifhefghgas. Nhsa =2 ]aiopfehifùd ga eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios.
Iod asth raiopfehifùd, ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto do astè io`peato. As iodvadfadta iodthr iod eh axparfadifh ga eos raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto y ga eos propfos tæidfios, phrh io`peathr ehs thrahs qua pugfarhd do asthr fdieufghs ad eh raiopfehifùd ga raio`adghifodas ga nhmrfihdtas. As posfmea qua hekudhs thrahs qua pugfarhd iodsfgarhrsa iodvadfadtas do astæd fdieufghs ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas por vhrfhs rhzodas2
Ae nhmrfihdta do astè fdtarashgo ad eh gashphrfifùd tothe ga eos promea`hs. Gfsaøhr ud nhmrfihdta aqufpo ioddoiaro hvaràhs puaga hnaithr su nhiturhifùd. Ae as ud aspaifhefsth ad `hdtadf`fadto, sfdo ad gfsaøo y `odthba. Jhy fdsthehifodas qua sa jhd rahefzhgo ad omrh, y qua do raspodgad h eh tfpoeokàh ga ―aqufpo‐ , sfdo `ès mfad sod ud iodbudto ga aea`adtos, y do jhy ud nhmrfihdta io`o the, sfdo thd soeo ud fdsthehgor. Ad ae ihso ga qua jhyh `hduhe ga `hdtadf`fadto ga ash fdsthehifùd, as gugoso qua sah io`peato. As ae ihso, por aba`peo, ga ud ifieo hkuh-vhpor2 as ud iodbudto ga tumaràhs, soportas y vèevuehs. \oga`os adiodtrhr fdstruiifodas ga `hdtadf`fadto ga vèevuehs, porqua jhy ud efmro ga fdstruiifodas phrh aeehs, paro th`mfæd ehs tumaràhs y eos `agfos ga hpoyo qua daiasfthd gatar`fdhghs fdspaiifodas. Hga`ès, ae ifieo hkuh-vhpor sa io`porth io`o ud iodbudto2 sod daiashrfhs gatar`fdhghs pruamhs nudifodheas gae iodbudto phrh gatar`fdhr su asthgo.
Jhy oihsfodas ad qua ae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto qua propoda ae nhmrfihdta as thd axjhustfvo qua iodta`peh eh sustftuifùd o ravfsfùd ga ud krhd dò`aro ga aea`adtos qua avfgadta`adta do jhd eeakhgo he `èxf`o ga su vfgh òtfe, iod ae iodsfkufadta axiaso ad ae khsto . Iuhdths `ès fdtarvadifodas ga `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo sahd daiashrfhs, `ès posfmfefghgas ga nhiturhifùd tfada ae nhmrfihdta. Hga`ès astè ae promea`h ga eh khrhdtàh2 sf ud nhmrfihdta propoda `uetftug ga thrahs y asths do sa eeavhd h ihmo, ae nhmrfihdta puaga heakhr qua ae `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo propuasto por æe do sa jh rahefzhgo, y ash as eh rhzùd ga eh nheeh, do jhifædgosa puas raspodshmea ga su soeuifùd ad ae parfogo ga khrhdtàh (iod eh iodsfkufadta nhiturhifùd hgfifodhe).
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Nhsa 92 @hdtadf`fadto eakhe.
\or òetf`o, do gama oevfghrsa qua as daiashrfo iu`pefr iod ehs gfvarshs dor`hs rakeh`adthrfhs vfkadtas ad ihgh `o`adto. \or aeeo, ae pehd gama iodsfgarhr toghs ehs omefkhifodas eakheas raehifodhghs iod ae `hdtadf`fadto ga gatar`fdhgos aqufpos. Yod somra togo thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto raehifodhghs iod eh sakurfghg. Hekudos ga eos aqufpos subatos h asths dor`hs ad udh pehdth ga iokadarhifùd sod eos sfkufadtas2
A]@. Yfsta`hs ga Heth Wadsfùd. Worras ga ]anrfkarhifùd. \uadtas kròh. ^ajàiueos. Wumaràhs y Aqufpos h prasfùd. Fdsthehifodas ga trhth`fadto y he`hiadh`fadto ga hfra io`prf`fgo. Yfsta`hs ga iodtroe ga a`fsfodas y vartfgos. Yfsta`hs iodtrhfdiadgfos. Yfsta`hs ga ief`htfzhifùd ga agfnfifos. Fdtarih`mfhgoras ga pehihs. He`hiæd ga proguitos quà`fios. Ati.
@HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD FDYW]QIIFODAY KADÆ]FIHY.
Eh aehmorhifùd ga ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto puaga jhiarsa ga tras nor`hs2
@ogo 82 ]ahefzhdgo ud pehd mhshgo ad ehs fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas ga eos gfnaradtas aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth @ogo =2 ]ahefzhdgo ud pehd mhshgo ad fdstruiifodas kadærfihs y ad eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios qua jhmftuhe`adta trhmhbhd ad eh pehdth @ogo 92 ]ahefzhdgo ud pehd mhshgo ad ud hdèefsfs ga nheehs qua pratadgad avfthrsa.
Ad pehdths qua do tfadad dfdkòd pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto f`pehdthgo, puaga sar iodvadfadta jhiar heko sadifeeo y podareo ad `hrijh. Aso sa puaga jhiar sfkufadgo ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas o mhsèdgosa ad eh axparfadifh propfh o ga otros. Yod eos `ogos 8 y =. Asta hrtàiueo gatheeh eh nor`h ga hituhr ad ae `ogo =. Ae asqua`h phrh aehmorhreo puaga varsa ad eh sfkufadta nfkurh2
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Io`o puaga hpraifhrsa ad eh nfkurh, eh iodsueth h eos `hduheas ga eos nhmrfihdtas sa jhia gaspuæs ga jhmar aehmorhgo ud ―morrhgor‐ fdfifhe gae pehd, y iod eh fgah ga io`pea`adthr æsta. Ash as eh prfdifphe gfnaradifh iod eh aehmorhifùd ga pehdas ga `hdtadf`fadto mhshgos ad ehs fdstruiifodas gae nhmrfihdta. Ad eh nhsa nfdhe sa høhgad ehs omefkhifodas eakheas ga `hdtadf`fadto, io`o ad ae ihso hdtarfor.
Nhsa 82 Efsth ga aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos.
Gae fdvadthrfo ga aqufpos ga eh pehdth, gamad efsthrsa hquaeeos qua tfadad udh adtfghg sunfifadta io`o phrh tadar thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto hsoifhghs. Asta efsthgo puaga fdieufr `otoras, mo`mhs, vèevuehs, gatar`fdhgos fdstru`adtos, nfetros, gapùsftos, ati. Qdh vaz efsthgos, as iodvadfadta hkruphr astos aqufpos por tfpos, ga `hdarh qua saph`os iuhdtos tfpos ga aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos tada`os ad ae sfsta`h qua asta`os hdhefzhdgo. Nhsa =2 Efsthgo ga thrahs kadærfihs phrh ihgh tfpo ga aqufpo.
\hrh ihgh udo ga eos tfpos ga aqufpos, gama`os praphrhr ud iodbudto ga thrahs kadærfihs qua eas saràhd ga hpefihifùd. Hsà, poga`os praphrhr thrahs kadærfihs ga `hdtadf`fadto phrh trhdsnor`hgoras, `otoras, mo`mhs, vèevuehs, ati.
81
Nhsa 92 Hpefihifùd ga ehs thrahs kadærfihs.
\hrh ihgh `otor, mo`mh, vèevueh, ati., hpefihra`os ehs thrahs kadærfihs praphrhghs ad ae pudto hdtarfor, ga `hdarh qua omtadgra`os ud efsthgo ga thrahs ranarfghs h ihgh aqufpo iodirato Nhsa 72 Io`promhifùd ga ehs fdstruiifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas.
As ad asta pudto, y do he prfdifpfo, godga fdieuf`os ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas, trhthdgo ga var qua do sa jh oevfghgo dhgh f`porthdta. Nhsa 12 Høhgfr `hdtadf`fadto eakhe.
Fkuhe qua ad ihso hdtarfor, as daiashrfo hsakurhr ae iu`pef`fadto ga ehs dor`hs rakeh`adthrfhs ranaradtas h `hdtadf`fadto qua puaghd sar ga hpefihifùd ad gatar`fdhgos aqufpos. Hekudos ga eos aqufpos subatos h asths dor`hs ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe sod eos sfkufadtas2
A]@. Yfsta`hs ga Heth Wadsfùd. Worras ga ]anrfkarhifùd. \uadtas kròh. ^ajàiueos. Wumaràhs y Aqufpos h prasfùd. Fdsthehifodas ga trhth`fadto y he`hiadh`fadto ga hfra io`prf`fgo. Yfsta`hs ga iodtroe ga a`fsfodas y vartfgos. Yfsta`hs iodtrhfdiadgfos. Yfsta`hs ga ief`htfzhifùd ga agfnfifos. Fdtarih`mfhgoras ga pehihs. He`hiæd ga proguitos quà`fios. Ati.
@HDWADF@FADWO \]OK]H@HGO.
Ae `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo sfsta`ètfio as ae krupo ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto qua sa rahefzhd somra ud aqufpo o fdsthehifùd sfkufadgo ud prokrh`h asthmeaifgo, sakòd ae tfa`po ga trhmhbo, eh ihdtfghg proguifgh, eos cfeù`atros raiorrfgos, ga hiuargo iod udh parfogfifghg nfbh o sfkufadgo hekòd otro tfpo ga ifieo qua sa rapfta ga nor`h parfùgfih. Asta krupo ga thrahs sa rahefzh sfd f`porthr iuèe as eh iodgfifùd gae aqufpo. Ae `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo sfsta`ètfio as `uy anfihz ad aqufpos a fdsthehifodas qua raqufarad ga udh gfspodfmfefghg `agfh o heth, ga ifarth f`porthdifh ad ae sfsta`h proguitfvo 8>
y iuyhs hvaràhs ihushd trhstordos ad ae pehd ga proguiifùd ga eh a`prash y por thdto do puaga asparhrsa h qua gad sàdto`hs ga nheeh. Adtra eos tfpos ga thrahs qua suaea fdieufr ae `hdtadf`fadto sfsta`ètfio astèd ehs sfkufadtas2
Ef`pfazhs tæidfihs ga aqufpos. Yustftuifùd ga aea`adtos so`atfgos h gaskhsta, io`o rogatas, mubas, rogh`fadtos, iobfdatas, aea`adtos ga asthdquafghg, èehmas, ih`fshs, iuehths, ati. Io`promhifùd gae asthgo fdtarfor ga gatar`fdhgos aea`adtos, iuyh varfnfihifùd do puaga rahefzhrsa iod ae aqufpo ad sarvfifo y phrh ae qua sa raqufara ud gas`odthba io`peabo. Io`promhifùd gae muad nudifodh`fadto ga eh fdstru`adthifùd, y ihefmrhifùd ga asth. ^arfnfihifùd ga prasthifodas.
Ae `hdtadf`fadto sfsta`ètfio puaga hpefihrsa h ud aqufpo iodirato o h udh fdsthehifùd ad su iodbudto. Asta tfpo ga `hdtadf`fadto sfsta`ètfio sa sustftuya ad hekudhs oihsfodas por `hdtadf`fadtos por iodgfifùd2 sa varfnfih ae aqufpo y sùeo sa fdtarvfada ad æe sf jhy sàdto`hs ga nheeh qua eo bustfnfquad. Ya jh ga`ostrhgo qua ad eos proiasos ga ravfsfùd sfsta`ètfih fdguiadbustfnfihgo hvaràhs qua ae aqufpo do tadàh, por eo qua hga`ès ga raprasadthr ud heto iosto dosasfa`pra puaga sar, fdieuso, iodtrhproguiadta. Do omsthdta, do sfa`pra as posfmea avfthr ehs fdtarvadifodas sfsta`ètfihs, somra togo iuhdgo sa daiasfth h togh iosth hsakurhr eh proguiifùd y sa gfspoda ga ud tfa`po iodirato phrh rahefzhr udh ravfsfùd prokrh`hgh. Eh gfnaradifh ga gfspodfmfefghg adtra ehs fdsthehifodas qua sa so`atad h ud pehd ga ravfsfodas prokrh`hgo y sfsta`ètfio puaga eeakhr h asthr =< pudtos ad gfspodfmfefghg por adif`h ga udh pehdth sf`fehr subath h ravfsfodas iodgfifodheas o ad eh qua do sa hpefih dfdkòd pehd sfsta`ètfio. @HDWADF@FADWO MHYHGO AD ]I@.
Ae ]I@ o ]aefhmfefty Iadtarag @hfdtadhdia as udh `atogoeokàh phrh ae gashrroeeo ga ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto mhshgh ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs ga eh fdsthehifùd. Ga ehs tras `atogoeokàhs propuasths ad asth sarfa ga hrtàiueos gagfihgos h eh aehmorhifùd ga pehdas ga `hdtadf`fadto, mhshr asta pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ad ud axjhustfvo hdèefsfs ga nheehs as sfd gugh eh qua `aboras rasuethgos puaga ghr, puas asthrè orfadthgo h avfthr ehs nheehs qua puagh tadar eh fdsthehifùd. Iuhdgo sa jhmeh ga ]I@ o ga eh f`pea`adthifùd ga ]I@ sa tfadga h padshr ad udh `atogoeokàh io`peabh, nhrrhkosh y ga gfnàife hpefihifùd. Dhgh `ès eabos ga eh rahefghg2 iod poios raiursos paro iod ud muad iodoif`fadto ga eh fdsthehifùd y heko ga tfa`po sa puaga gashrroeehr asth `atogoeokàh y madanfifhrsa ga sus axiaeadtas rasuethgos, aspaithiuehras ad hekudos ihsos. Ad ae `udgo ga eh hvfhifùd, por aba`peo, ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto sa gfsaøh hpefihdgo ]I@, y h dhgfa sa ea asihph qua phrh ae dò`aro ga jorhs ga vuaeo qua hiu`ueh eh hvfhifùd `udgfhe sa raporthd `uy poios hiifgadtas. 8;
Xua dhgfa pratadgh eaarsa asth sarfa ga hrtàiueos gagfihgos h ]I@ ga udh soeh vaz2 do ea rasuethrè provaijoso. Hdf`o he eaitor h qua gagfqua heko ga su tfa`po efmra h eaar, padshr y gfkarfr ihgh udh ga ehs phrtas ad qua sa jh gfvfgfgo asta trhmhbo sfd prfsh, gagfihdgo do `ès ga `agfh jorh o udh jorh ihgh vaz qua sa sfadta nradta he orgadhgor. @a goy por shtfsnaijo sf he `ados sa iodsfkua qua tò, eaitor, tadkhs udh fgah hproxf`hgh hiarih ga qua as asto gae ]I@ gae qua hekudos jhmehd3 sf jhy posfmfefghgas raheas ga qua eo f`pehdtas ad tu a`prash, iod hyugh o sfd hyugh, y qua ta hporta hekudhs fgahs òtfeas phrh tu trhmhbo. ]ahe`adta jhy poih kadta ad ae `arihgo qua iodozih ad pronudgfghg asth tæidfih gae @hdtadf`fadto Mhshgo ad Iodnfhmfefghg, as `uijh eh ga`hdgh ad eh fdgustrfh ga tæidfios aspaifhefzhgos y ga kadta ihphz ga gfrfkfr ud proiaso ga ]I@ y, yh varès, ad rahefghg as togo `uy eùkfio a fdtuftfvo. \uago gaifr qua asth `atogoeokàh, the y io`o sa jh gasirfto ad astos hrtàiueos, sa jh hpefihgo iod æxfto ad adtordos fdgustrfheas raheas, ad iadtrheas aeæitrfihs ga gfvarso th`høo y ad pehdths patroquà`fihs3 qua ae proiaso sa a`pazù y sa eokrù hihmhr a f`pea`adthr3 y qua eos rasuethgos nuarod axiaeadtas.
8. Xuæ as ]I@. =. Ae ombatfvo gae ]I@. 9. Qd promea`h ga adnoqua2 ¿]I@ hpefihgo h aqufpos iràtfios o h togh eh pehdth? 7. Nhsa <2 Efsthgo y iogfnfihifùd ga aqufpos. 1. Nhsa 82 Efsthgo ga nudifodas y sus aspaifnfihifodas. >. Nhsa =2 Gatar`fdhifùd ga nheehs nudifodheas y nheehs tæidfihs. ;. Nhsa 92 Gatar`fdhifùd ga eos `ogos ga nheeh. :. Nhsa 72 Astugfo ga ehs iodsaiuadifhs ga ehs nheehs. Irftfifghg. 6. Nhsa 12 Gatar`fdhifùd ga ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs. 8<. Nhsa >2 Hkruphifùd ga ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs. 88. Nhsa ;2 \uasth ad `hrijh ga ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs. 8=. Gfnaradifhs adtra ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto fdfifhe y udo mhshgo ad ]I@.
¿XQÆ AY ]I@?
]I@ o ]aefhmfefty Iadtrag @hfdtadhdia, (@hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhgo ad Nfhmfefghg/Iodnfhmfefghg) as udh tæidfih `ès gadtro ga ehs posfmeas phrh aehmorhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe y qua prasadth hekudhs vadthbhs f`porthdtas somra otrhs tæidfihs. Fdfifhe`adta nua gashrroeehgh phrh ae saitor ga hvfhifùd, godga eos hetos iostos garfvhgos ga eh sustftuifùd sfsta`ètfih ga pfazhs h`adhzhmhd eh radthmfefghg ga ehs io`phøàhs hærahs. \ostarfor`adta nua trhsehghgh he ih`po fdgustrfhe, gaspuæs ga io`promhrsa eos axiaeadtas rasuethgos qua jhmàh ghgo ad ae ih`po harodèutfio. 8:
Nua goiu`adthgo por prf`arh vaz ad ud raporta asirfto por N.Y. Dowehd y J.N. Jahp y pumefihgo por ae Gaphrth`adto ga Ganadsh ga eos Asthgos Qdfgos ga H`ærfih ad 86;:. Gasga adtodias, ae ]I@ jh sfgo ushgo phrh hyughr h nor`uehr astrhtakfhs ga kastfùd ga hitfvos nàsfios ad prèitfih`adta toghs ehs èrahs ga eh hitfvfghg ju`hdh orkhdfzhgh , y ad prèitfih`adta togos eos phàsas fdgustrfhefzhgos gae `udgo. Asta proiaso ganfdfgo por Dowehd y Jahp jh sarvfgo ga mhsa phrh vhrfos goiu`adtos ga hpefihifùd ad eos iuheas ae proiaso ]I@ jh sfgo gashrroeehgo y ranfdhgo ad eos høos sfkufadtas. @uijos ga astos goiu`adtos aea`adtos iehva he gae surkf`fadto proiaso orfkfdhe. a`mhrko ae uso axtadgfgo gaeiodsarvhd do`mra eos ―]I@‐ jh eeavhgo ga udYfdkrhd dò`aro ga `atogoeokàhs ga hdèefsfs ga nheehs qua gfnfarad sfkdfnfihtfvh`adta gae orfkfdhe, paro qua sus hutoras th`mfæd eeh`hd ―]I@‐ . @uijos ga astos otros proiasos nheehd ad heihdzhr eos ombatfvos ga Dowehd y Jahp, y hekudos sod fdieuso iodtrhproguiadtas. Ad kadarhe trhthd ga hmravfhr y rasu`fr ae proiaso, eo qua eeavh ad hekudos ihsos h gasdhturhefzhreo io`peath`adta. Io`o rasuethgo ga eh ga`hdgh fdtardhifodhe por udh dor`h qua asthmeazih udos irftarfos `àdf`os phrh qua ud proiaso ga hdèefsfs ga nheehs puagh sar eeh`hgo ―]I@‐ surkfù ad 8666 eh dor`h YHA BH 8<88 y ad ae høo =<<= eh dor`h YHA BH 8<8=. Do fdtadthd sar ud `hduhe df udh kuàh ga proiagf`fadtos, sfdo qua sf`pea`adta asthmeaiad, io`o sa jh gfijo, udos irftarfos qua gama shtfsnhiar udh `atogoeokàh phrh qua puagh eeh`hrsa ]I@. H`mhs dor`hs sa puagad iodsakufr ad eh gfraiifùd www.sha.ork
AE OMBAWF^O GAE ]I@ V EHY NHYAY GAE \]OIAYO.
Ae ombatfvo nudgh`adthe ga eh f`pehdthifùd ga ud @hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhgo ad Nfhmfefghg o ]I@ ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe as hu`adthr eh gfspodfmfefghg y gfs`fdufr iostos ga `hdtadf`fadto. Ae hdèefsfs ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe sakòd asth `atogoeokàh hporth udh sarfa ga rasuethgos2
@aborh eh io`pradsfùd gae nudifodh`fadto ga eos aqufpos y sfsta`hs. Hdhefzh toghs ehs posfmfefghgas ga nheeh ga ud sfsta`h y gashrroeeh `aihdfs`os qua trhthd ga avfthreos, yh sahd proguifgos por ihushs fdtràdsaihs he propfo aqufpo o por hitos parsodheas. Gatar`fdh udh sarfa ga hiifodas qua par`ftad khrhdtfzhr udh heth gfspodfmfefghg ga eh pehdth.
Ehs hiifodas ga tfpo pravadtfvo qua avfthd nheehs y qua por thdto fdira`adthd eh gfspodfmfefghg ga eh pehdth sod ga vhrfos tfpos2
Whrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto, qua hkruphghs nor`hd ae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe o udh fdsthehifùd. \roiagf`fadtos oparhtfvos, thdto ga \roguiifùd io`o ga @hdtadf`fadto. @ogfnfihifodas o `aborhs posfmeas. 86
Ganfdfifùd ga udh sarfa ga hiifodas nor`htfvhs rahe`adta òtfeas y radthmeas phrh eh a`prash. Gatar`fdhifùd gae stoic ga rapuasto qua as gasahmea qua par`hdazih ad \ehdth.
Ae `hdtadf`fadto iadtrhgo ad nfhmfefghg sa mhsh ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs, thdto hquaeeos qua yh jhd oiurrfgo, io`o eos qua sa astèd trhthdgo ga avfthr iod gatar`fdhghs hiifodas pravadtfvhs io`o porkrhvas. òetf`o hquaeeos promhmfefghg ga oiurrfr y puagad tadar iodsaiuadifhs Gurhdta qua asa tfadad hdèefsfsifarth ga nheehs gama`os iodtasthr h safs prakudths iehvas2 8. =. 9. 7. 1. >.
¿Iuèeas sod ehs nudifodas y eos astèdghras ga nudifodh`fadto ad ihgh sfsta`h? ¿Iù`o nheeh ihgh aqufpo? ¿Iuèe as eh ihush ga ihgh nheeh? ¿Xuæ iodsaiuadifhs tfada ihgh nheeh? ¿Iù`o puaga avfthrsa ihgh nheeh? ¿Xuæ gama jhiarsa sf do as posfmea avfthr udh nheeh?
Eh `atogoeokàh ad eh qua sa mhsh ]I@ supoda fr io`peathdgo udh sarfa ga nhsas phrh ihgh udo ga eos sfsta`hs qua io`podad eh pehdth, h shmar2 Nhsa <2 Iogfnfihifùd y efsthgo ga togos eos sumsfsta`hs, aqufpos y aea`adtos qua io`podad ae sfsta`h qua sa astè astugfhdgo. ]aiopfehifùd ga asqua`hs, gfhkrh`hs nudifodheas, gfhkrh`hs eùkfios, ati. Nhsa 82 Astugfo gatheehgo gae nudifodh`fadto gae sfsta`h. Efsthgo ga nudifodas gae sfsta`h ad su iodbudto. Efsthgo ga nudifodas ga ihgh sumsfsta`h y ga ihgh aqufpo sfkdfnfihtfvo fdtakrhgo ad ihgh sumsfsta`h. Nhsa =2 Gatar`fdhifùd ga ehs nheehs nudifodheas y nheehs tæidfihs. Nhsa 92 Gatar`fdhifùd ga eos `ogos ga nheeh o ihushs ga ihgh udh ga ehs nheehs adiodtrhghs ad eh nhsa hdtarfor. Nhsa 72 Astugfo ga ehs iodsaiuadifhs ga ihgh `ogo ga nheeh. Iehsfnfihifùd ga ehs nheehs ad iràtfios, f`porthdtas o toearhmeas ad nudifùd ga ashs iodsaiuadifhs.
Nhsa 12 Gatar`fdhifùd ga `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua avftad o htadòad eos anaitos ga ehs nheehs. Nhsa >2 Hkruphifùd ga ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs ad sus gfnaradtas ihtakoràhs. Aehmorhifùd gae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto, efsth ga `aborhs, pehdas ga nor`hifùd y proiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd y ga `hdtadf`fadto. Nhsa ;2 \uasth ad `hrijh ga ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs.
=<
QD \]OMEA@H GA ADNOXQA2 ¿]I@ H\EFIHGO H AXQF\OY I]ÀWFIOY O H WOGH EH \EHDWH?
Io`o sa jh gfijo, ]I@ udh tæidfih orfkfdhe`adta dhifùadadpeado ae saitor gapuas eh hvfhifùd. Ae prfdifphe ombatfvo arh as hsakurhr qua udquahvfùd do vh h nheehr vuaeo, do jhy posfmfefghg ga anaituhr udh raphrhifùd sf sa proguia udh nheeh h, por aba`peo, 8<.<<< `atros ga heturh. Ae sakudgo ombatfvo, ihsf thd f`porthdta io`o ae prf`aro, nua hsakurhr ash nfhmfefghg he `àdf`o iosto posfmea, ad eh sakurfghg ga qua rasuethmh aiodù`fih`adta fdvfhmea ud `hdtadf`fadto qua mhshmh eh nfhmfefghg ga eh fdsthehifùd (ae hvfùd) ad eh sustftuifùd parfùgfih ga togos sus io`podadtas. As f`porthdta raiorghr qua asth tæidfih sa hpefih h togo ae hvfùd, do sùeo h ud aqufpo ad phrtfiuehr. As ae iodbudto ae qua do gama nheehr, y do hekudo ga sus aea`adtos fdgfvfguheas, por `uy f`porthdtas qua sahd. ]I@ sa hpefih h eos `otoras, paro th`mfæd sa hpefih he trad ga htarrfzhba, h ehs hehs, h eh fdstru`adthifùd, he nusaehba, ati. Eh `hyor phrta ga ehs fdgustrfhs quaudh hpefihd ]I@, sfd a`mhrko, do eo―aqufpos hpefihd hiràtfios‐ togh eh, fdsthehifùd. Ad kadarhe, saeaiifodhd sarfa ga aqufpos, gado`fdhgos y trhthd ga hsakurhr qua asos aqufpos do nheead. Ae astugfo ga nheehs ga ihgh udo ga astos aqufpos sa jhia iod ud krhgo ga pronudgfghg thd aeavhgo qua por ihgh aqufpo sa fgadtfnfihd ifadtos (sfdo `feas) ga `ogos ga nheeh potadifheas, y phrh ae astugfo ga ihgh aqufpo iràtfio sa a`peahd `asas, fdieuso høos. \aro, ¿quæ oiurra iod ae rasto ga eos aqufpos? Ae `hdtadf`fadto gae rasto ga eos aqufpos sa aehmorh htadgfadgo h ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas y h eh axparfadifh ga eos tæidfios y raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto. Ad ae `abor ga eos ihsos, sùeo sa astugfhd sus nheehs y sus nor`hs ga pravadfreos gaspuæs ga qua æstos sa proguzihd, iuhdgo sa hdhefzhd ehs hvaràhs sunrfghs ad eh fdsthehifùd, y sa jhia poih iosh por hgaehdthrsa h aeehs. Iuhdgo trhs `asas o høos ga f`pehdthifùd ga ]I@ sa omsarvhd eos eokros omtadfgos y eh ihdtfghg ga gfdaro y raiursos a`peahgos phrh iodsakufreos, ae rasuethgo suaea sar gasheadthgor2 ud hvhdia `uy paquaøo, eos promea`hs raheas ga eh pehdth do sa jhd fgadtfnfihgo, ]I@ do jh iodtrfmufgo h hu`adthr eh nfhmfefghg o eh gfspodfmfefghg ga eh pehdth, y eos iostos ga `hdtadf`fadto, tadfadgo ad iuadth eh ihdtfghg ga gfdaro fdvartfgh ad ae astugfo ga nheehs, jh hu`adthgo. \hshrèd `uijos høos hdtas ga omtadar hekòd rasuethgo posftfvo. Eo `ès promhmea as qua sa hmhdgoda ae proyaito `uijo hdtas, hdta eh husadifh ga rasuethgos. As posfmea qua ash nor`h ga pehdtahr ae trhmhbo, gfrfkfr ae ]I@ h eos aqufpos iràtfios, pugfarh sar iorraith ad gatar`fdhghs ifriudsthdifhs, paro as gugosh`adta vfhmea iuhdgo sa musih `aborhr eh gfspodfmfefghg y eos iostos ga `hdtadf`fadto ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe. Eh fdsthehifùd puaga phrhrsa, fdieuso por parfogos proeodkhgos ga tfa`po, por aqufpos o =8
aea`adtos qua do suaead partadaiar h ash ihtakoràh ga aqufpos iràtfios. As ae ihso ga udh tumaràh, o ga udh vèevueh sadifeeh, o ud fdstru`adto. Asth`os hiostu`mrhgos h padshr ad aqufpos iràtfios io`o aqufpos krhdgas, sfkdfnfihtfvos, y h vaias oevfgh`os qua ud sf`pea tordfeeo puaga phrhr udh pehdth, iod eh iodsfkufadta pærgfgh ga proguiifùd y eos iostos ga hrrhdqua hsoifhgos. \orqua do sod eos aqufpos eos qua sod iràtfios, sfdo ehs nheehs. Qd aqufpo do as iràtfio ad sà `fs`o, sfdoudqua su posfmea irftfifghg astè ad nudifùd ehs nheehs qua quaiodgfifoda puagh tadar. Iodsfgarhr aqufpo iràtfio do hporth, hga`ès, dfdkudh ga fdnor`hifùd ud pehdtah`fadto hiarih ga su `hdtadf`fadto. Yf por sar iràtfio gama`os rahefzhr ud `hdtadf`fadto `uy axjhustfvo, puaga rasuethr qua asta`os `hekhsthdgo asnuarzo y gfdaro ad pravadfr nheehs ga ud prasudto aqufpo iràtfio qua sahd parnaith`adta hsu`fmeas. ]apatf`os, puas, qua as eh iehsfnfihifùd ga ehs nheehs ad iràtfios o do-iràtfios eo qua dos hporth fdnor`hifùd òtfe phrh to`hr gaifsfodas, y do eh iehsfnfihifùd ga eos aqufpos ad sà `fs`os. \or thdto, ¿gama`os gfrfkfr ae @hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhgo ad Nfhmfefghg h ud iodbudto raguifgo ga aqufpos o h togh eh pehdth? Eh raspuasth, gaspuæs ga togo eo io`adthgo, as omvfh2 gama`os gfrfkfreo h togh eh pehdth. Gama`os fgadtfnfihr ehs posfmeas nheehs ad togh eh pehdth, iehsfnfihr asths nheehs sakòd su irftfifghg, y hgopthr `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua ehs avftad o `fdf`fiad suskeomhe, anaitos,doysùeo iuyoiosto iostogasah proporifodhe h su f`porthdifh y he iosto ga su rasoeuifùd (iosto raphrhifùd). Ga asth nor`h, hdtas ga io`adzhr ae trhmhbo, as daiashrfo pehdfnfihreo ga nor`h qua sa hsakura qua ae astugfo ga nheehs vh h hmhrihr eh tothefghg ga eh fdsthehifùd. Qdh muadh fgah as gfvfgfr eh pehdth ad eos sfsta`hs prfdifpheas qua eh io`podad, y astugfhr ihgh udo ga aeeos iod ae dfvae ga pronudgfghg hgaiuhgo. Astugfhr ihgh sfsta`h iod udh pronudgfghg axiasfvh hihmhrè somraihrkhdgo ga trhmhbo h eos raspodshmeas gae astugfo, por eo qua eos rasuethgos vfsfmeas sa ratrhshrèd, y sa iorra ae rfasko duavh`adta ga jhiareo fdvfhmea. V astugfhreo iod ud dfvae ga pronudgfghg `àdf`o sarè sadifeeo y sf`pefnfihrè ae proiaso, paro do iodsakufrè dfdkòd rasuethgo rahe`adta òtfe.
NHYA <2 EFYWHGO V IOGFNFIHIFÙD GA AXQF\OY. Ae prf`ar promea`h qua sa pehdtah he fdtadthr rahefzhr ud hdèefsfs ga nheehs sakòd eh `atogoeokàh gae ]I@ as aehmorhr udh efsth orgadhgh ga eos aqufpos qua jhy ad aeeh. ]ahefzhr ud fdvadthrfo ga eos hitfvos ga eh pehdth as heko `ès io`peabo ga eo qua puagh phraiar ad ud prf`ar `o`adto.
Qdh sf`pea efsth ga togos eos `otoras, mo`mhs, sadsoras, ati. ga eh pehdth do as òtfe df prèitfih. Qdh efsth ga asths ihrhitaràstfihs do as `ès qua udh efsth ga ghtos, do as udh fdnor`hifùd (jhy udh gfnaradifh f`porthdta adtra ghtos a fdnor`hifùd). Yf quara`os aehmorhr udh efsth ga aqufpos rahe`adta òtfe, gama`os axprashr asth efsth ad nor`h ga astruiturh hrmùrah, ad eh qua sa fdgfquad ehs raehifodas ga gapadgadifh ga ihgh udo ga eos àta`s iod eos rasthdtas. ==
Ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe poga`os gfstfdkufr eos sfkufadtas dfvaeas, h eh jorh ga aehmorhr asth astruiturh hrmùrah2
Qdh a`prash puaga tadar udh o vhrfhs pehdths ga proguiifùd, ihgh udh ga ehs iuheas puaga asthr gfvfgfgh ad gfnaradtas zodhs o èrahs nudifodheas. Asths èrahs puagad tadar ad io`òd eh sf`feftug ga sus aqufpos, udh eàdah ga proguito gatar`fdhgh o udh nudifùd. Ihgh udh ga asths èrahs asthrè nor`hgh por ud iodbudto ga aqufpos, fkuheas o gfnaradtas, qua tfadad udh adtfghg propfh. Ihgh aqufpo, h su vaz, astè gfvfgfgo ad udh sarfa ga sfsta`hs nudifodheas, qua sa oiuphd ga udh `fsfùd gadtro ga æe. Eos sfsta`hs h su vaz sa gasio`podad ad aea`adtos (ae `otor ga udh mo`mh ga eumrfihifùd sarè ud aea`adto). Eos io`podadtas sod phrtas `ès paquaøhs ga eos aea`adtos, y sod ehs phrtas qua jhmftuhe`adta sa sustftuyad ad udh raphrhifùd. Ganfdh`os ad prf`ar eukhr quæ adtadga`os por ihgh udo ga astos tær`fdos2
\ehdth2 Iadtro ga trhmhbo. Ab.2 A`prash Z, \ehdth Gurhdko. Èrah2 Rodh ga eh pehdth qua tfada udh ihrhitaràstfih io`òd (iadtro ga iostos, sf`feftug ga aqufpos, eàdah ga proguito, nudifùd). Ab.2 Èrah Yarvfifos Kadarheas, Èrah jordos, Èrah Eàdah 8. Aqufpo2 Ihgh udo ga ehs udfghgas proguitfvhs qua io`podad ae èrah, qua iodstftuyad ud iodbudto òdfio. Yfsta`h2 Iodbudto ga aea`adtos qua tfadad udh nudifùd io`òd gadtro ga ud aqufpo. Aea`adto2 ihgh udo ga ehs phrtas qua fdtakrhd ud sfsta`h. Ab.2 ae `otor ga eh mo`mh
ga eumrfihifùd ga ud io`prasor. As f`porthdta gfnaradifhr aea`adto y aqufpo. Qd =9
aqufpo puaga asthr iodaithgo o ghr sarvfifo h `ès ga ud aqufpo. Qd aea`adto, ad ih`mfo, soeo puaga partadaiar h ud aqufpo. Yf ae àta` qua trhth`os ga fgadtfnfihr puaga asthr iodaithgo o ghr sarvfifo sf`uetèdah`adta h `ès ga ud aqufpo, sarè ud aqufpo, y do ud aea`adto. Hsà, sf udh mo`mh ga eumrfihifùd sùeo eumrfih ud io`prasor, sa trhthrè ga ud aea`adto gae io`prasor. Yf ad ih`mfo, sa trhth ga udh mo`mh qua advàh hiafta ga eumrfihifùd h vhrfos io`prasoras (sfsta`h ga eumrfihifùd iadtrhefzhgo), sa trhthrè ad rahefghg ga otro aqufpo, y do ga ud aea`adto ga hekudo
ga aeeos. Io`podadtas 2 phrtas ad qua puaga sumgfvfgfrsa ud aea`adto. Ab.2 ]ogh`fadto ga ud `otor, budth o‖ rfdk ga ud ifefdgro dau`ètfio.
Omsarvhifùd2 Axfsta ud promea`h he gatar`fdhr iù`o iehsfnfihr ehs ragas ga gfstrfmuifùd ga gatar`fdhgos neufgos, io`o ae hkuh ga ranrfkarhifùd, ae hfra io`prf`fgo, ae hkuh iodtrh-fdiadgfos, eh rag ga vhiào, ati. Qdh posfmea hetardhtfvh as iodsfgarhr togh eh rag io`o ud Aqufpo, y ihgh udh ga ehs vèevuehs y tumaràhs io`o aea`adtos ga asa aqufpo. As udh soeuifùd gfsiutfmea, paro `uy prèitfih.
NHYA 82 EFYWHGO GA NQDIFODAY V YQY AY\AIFNFIHIFODAY.
Io`peathr asth nhsa sfkdfnfih gatheehr toghs ehs nudifodas qua tfada ae sfsta`h qua sa astè astugfhdgo, iuhdtfnfihdgo iuhdgo sah posfmea io`o sa eeavh h ihmo ash nudifùd (aspaifnfihifùd h heihdzhr por ae sfsta`h). \or aba`peo, sf hdhefzh`os udh ihegarh, su nudifùd as proguifr vhpor ad udhs iodgfifodas ga prasfùd, ta`parhturh y io`posfifùd gatar`fdhghs, y iod ud ihughe gadtro ga ud rhdko iodirato. Yf do sa heihdzhd eos vheoras iorraitos, adtadgara`os qua ae sfsta`h do astè iu`pefadgo su nudifùd, do astè nudifodhdgo iorraith`adta, y gfra`os qua tfada udh ―nheeh‐.
\hrh qua ae sfsta`h iu`peh su nudifùd, ihgh udo ga eos sumsfsta`hs ad qua sa sumgfvfga gamad iu`pefr eh suyh. \hrh aeeo, sarè daiashrfo efsthr th`mfæd ehs nudifodas ga ihgh udo ga eos sumsfsta`hs. \or òetf`o, ihgh ga eos sumsfsta`hs io`puasto aqufpos.y \osfmea`adta saràhudo iodvadfadta gatheehr eh astè nudifùd ga ihghporudoudhga sarfa astosgaaqufpos aea`adtos, por `uy paquaøos qua sahd, paro asto jhràh qua ae trhmhbo nuarh fdtar`fdhmea, y qua eos raiursos qua gamaràh`os hsfkdhr phrh eh rahefzhifùd ga asta astugfo nuarhd thd krhdgas qua eo jhràhd fdvfhmea. \or aeeo, dos iodnor`hra`os iod gatheehr ehs nudifodas ga udos poios aqufpos, qua gado`fdhra`os ―aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos‐ . Wadgra`os, puas, tras efsthgos ga nudifodas2
Ehs nudifodas gae sfsta`h ad su iodbudto. Ehs nudifodas ga ihgh udo ga eos sumsfsta`hs qua eo io`podad. Ehs nudifodas ga ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos ga ihgh sumsfsta`h.
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NHYA =2 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD WÆIDFIHY.
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NHEEHY
NQDIFODHEAY
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NHEEHY
Qdh nheeh as eh fdihphifghg ga ud àta` phrh iu`pefr hekudh ga sus nudifodas. \or aeeo sa fdgfihmh ad ae hphrthgo hdtarfor qua sà rahefzh`os iorraith`adta ae efsthgo ga nudifodas, as `uy nèife gatar`fdhr ehs nheehs2 tadgra`os udh posfmea nheeh por ihgh nudifùd qua tadkh ae àta` (sfsta`h, sumsfsta`h o aqufpo) y do sa iu`peh. \uaga sar iodvadfadta jhiar udh gfstfdifùd adtra nheehs nudifodheas y nheehs tæidfihs. Ganfdfra`os io`o nheeh nudifodhe hquaeeh nheeh qua f`pfga he sfsta`h ad su iodbudto iu`pefr su nudifùd prfdifphe. Dhturhe`adta, sod eos `ès f`porthdtas. ^ah`os ud aba`peo. Qd sfsta`h ga ranrfkarhifùd, phrh iu`pefr su nudifùd, daiasfth iu`pefr udh sarfa ga aspaifnfihifodas. Ehs `ès f`porthdtas sod2 ihughe ga hkuh ga ranrfkarhifùd, ta`parhturh, prasfùd y io`posfifùd quà`fih. Qdh nheeh nudifodhe gae sfsta`h ga ranrfkarhifùd puaga sar2 Ihughe fdsunfifadta ga hkuh ga ranrfkarhifùd.
Yarè udh nheeh nudifodhe porqua iod ihughe fdsunfifadta as f`posfmea qua ae sfsta`h ga ranrfkarhifùd puagh iu`pefr supor nudifùd, qua as ranrfkarhr. Eh pehdth promhmea`adta phrhrè o varè gfs`fdufgh su ihphifghg asta `otfvo. Ehs nheehs tæidfihs hnaithd thdto h sfsta`hs io`o h sumsfsta`hs o aqufpos. Qdh nheeh tæidfih as hquaeeh qua, do f`pfgfadgo he sfsta`h iu`pefr su nudifùd, supoda ud nudifodh`fadto hdor`he ga udh phrta ga æsta. Asths nheehs, hudqua ga udh f`porthdifh `ador qua ehs nheehs nudifodheas, supodad nudifodh`fadtos hdor`heas qua puagad tadar io`o iodsaiuadifh udh gakrhghifùd hiaearhgh gae aqufpo y hihmhr iodvfrtfædgosa ad nheehs nudifodheas gae sfsta`h. Ehs nuadtas ga fdnor`hifùd phrh gatar`fdhr ehs nheehs (y eos `ogos ga nheeh qua vara`os ad ae hphrthgo sfkufadta) sod `uy gfvarshs. Adtra ehs prfdifpheas poga`os ifthr ehs sfkufadtas2 iodsuethgaheeos jfstorfhe ga hvaràhs, he parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto y ga proguiifùd y astugfo gfhkrh`hs eùkfiosiodsueths y nudifodheas ga eh pehdth. Jfstorfhe ga hvaràhs.
Ae jfstorfhe ga hvaràhs as udh nuadta ga fdnor`hifùd vhefosàsf`h h eh jorh ga gatar`fdhr ehs nheehs potadifheas ga udh fdsthehifùd. Ae astugfo gae io`porth`fadto ga udh fdsthehifùd, aqufpo o sfsta`h h trhvæs ga eos goiu`adtos ad eos qua sa rakfstrhd ehs hvaràhs a fdifgadifhs qua puagh jhmar sunrfgo ad ae phshgo dos hporth udh fdnor`hifùd asadifhe phrh eh fgadtfnfihifùd ga nheehs. Ad hekudhs pehdths do axfsta ud hrijfvo jfstùrfio ga hvaràhs sunfifadta`adta nfhmea, ud hrijfvo ad ae qua sa jhyhd rakfstrhgo ga nor`h sfsta`ètfih ihgh udh ga ehs hvaràhs qua jhyh =1
tadfgo ihgh aqufpo ad ud parfogo gatar`fdhgo. \aro iod heko ga f`hkfdhifùd, sfa`pra as posfmea musihr udh nuadta qua dos par`fth astugfhr ae jfstorfhe gae aqufpo2
Astugfo ga ehs ùrgadas ga trhmhbo, ga hvaràhs, ati. Hkruphdgo ehs ùrgadas ga trhmhbo por aqufpos as posfmea gaguifr ehs fdifgadifhs qua jhd hnaithgo h eh `èqufdh ad ud parfogo gatar`fdhgo. Nhiturhs ga rapuasto. As ehmorfoso, paro ad ihso ga daiasfthrsa, puaga raiurrfrsa he
gaphrth`adto ga iodthmfefghg phrhgatar`fdhgo qua nhifefta ehs nhiturhs gae `htarfhe ad `hdtadf`fadto ad ud parfogo (pranarfmea`adta ehrko, 1iodsu`fgo høos por aba`peo). Ga asth fdnor`hifùd as posfmea gaguifr ehs fdifgadifhs qua jhd pogfgo hnaithr he aqufpo qua sa astugfh. ]aportas ga fdifgadifhs. Ae parsodhe h turdos utfefzh ad oihsfodas raportas ad eos qua raneabh eos fdifgadtas sunrfgos, io`o `agfo phrh io`udfièrsaeos he turdo sfkufadta. Gae astugfo ga astos raportas th`mfæd as posfmea omtadar fdnor`hifùd somra hvaràhs a fdifgadtas ad eos aqufpos.
Ad otrhs pehdths, eh axparfadifh hiu`uehgh toghvàh as paquaøh. Jhy qua raiorghr qua ehs pehdths fdgustrfheas supodad ae a`peao ga udh taidoeokàh raehtfvh`adta duavh, y as posfmea qua eh pehdth ombato ga astugfo eeava poio tfa`po ad sarvfifo. \arsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Yfa`pra as iodvadfadta iodvarshr iod ihgh udo ga eos `fa`mros qua io`podad eh iuhgrfeeh ga trhmhbo, phrh qua gad su opfdfùd somra eos fdifgadtas `ès jhmftuheas y ehs nor`hs ga avfthreos. Asth iodsueth hyughrè, hga`ès, h qua ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto sa fdvoeuira ad ae ]I@. Io`o vara`os ad ae hphrthgo iorraspodgfadta, eh nheth ga fdvoeuirh`fadto gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto sarè udh gfnfiuethg phrh su puasth ad `hrijh gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto rasuethdta. \arsodhe ga proguiifùd.
He fkuhe qua ad ae hphrthgo hdtarfor, eh iodsueth he parsodhe ga proguiifùd dos hyughrè h fgadtfnfihr ehs nheehs qua `ès fdtarnfarad iod eh oparhifùd ga eh pehdth. Gfhkrh`hs eùkfios y gfhkrh`hs nudifodheas.
Astos gfhkrh`hs suaead iodtadar fdnor`hifùd vhefosh, fdieuso nudgh`adthe, phrh gatar`fdhr ehs ihushs qua puagad jhiar qua ud aqufpo o ud sfsta`h sa gatadkhd o sa gfsphrad sus hehr`hs. Eos aqufpos suaead asthr protakfgos iodtrh gatar`fdhghs nheehs, mfad `ostrhdgo udh hehr`h io`o hvfso gae nudifodh`fadto fdiorraito, mfad gatadfædgoeos o f`pfgfadgo qua sa podkhd ad `hrijh sf do sa iu`pead gatar`fdhghs iodgfifodas. Ae astugfo ga eh eùkfih f`pea`adthgh ad ae sfsta`h ga iodtroe puaga fdgfihrdos posfmeas promea`hs qua pugfarh tadar eh fdsthehifùd. =>
NHYA 92 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD GA EOY @OGOY GA NHEEH.
Qdh vaz gatar`fdhgos toghs ehs nheehs qua puagad prasadthr ud sfsta`h, ud sumsfsta`h o udo ga eos aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos qua eo io`podad, gamad astugfhrsa eos `ogos ga nheeh. \ogràh`os ganfdfr ―`ogo ga nheeh‐ io`o eh ihush prf`hrfh ga udh nheeh, o io`o ehs ifriudsthdifhs qua hio`phøhd udh nheeh iodirath. nheeh, nudifodhe o tæidfih, prasadthr, io`o va`os, `òetfpeas `ogos nheeh. Ihgh `ogo ga nheeh puaga tadar puaga h su vaz `òetfpeas ihushs, y asths h su vaz otrhsgaihushs, jhsth eeakhr h eo qua sa gado`fdh ―ihush rhàz‐ . Do omsthdta, eh axparfadifh ga`uastrh qua sf sa trhth ga jhiar ud astugfo thd axjhustfvo, eos raiursos daiashrfos sod axiasfvos. Ae hdèefsfs tar`fdh hmhdgodèdgosa iod poios hvhdias, sa meoquah. \or thdto, as f`porthdta ganfdfr iod quæ krhgo ga pronudgfghg sa vhd h astugfhr eos `ogos ga nheeh, ga nor`h qua ae astugfo sah hmorghmea, sah tæidfih`adta nhitfmea. As hiodsabhmea astugfhr `ogos ga nheeh y ihushs prf`hrfhs ga asths nheehs, y do sakufr pronudgfzhdgo. Ga asth nor`h, pargara`os udh phrta ga eh fdnor`hifùd vhefosh, paro h ih`mfo, eokrhra`os rahefzhr ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs ga togh eh fdsthehifùd iod udos raiursos rhzodhmeas y ad ud tfa`po th`mfæd rhzodhmea. ]aiorga`os qua, sakòd \hrato, ae =<% ga ehs ihushs sod raspodshmeas gae :<% ga eos promea`hs. Qd aba`peo sadifeeo2 @ogos ga nheeh ad ae dfvae ga ud thdqua ga hkuh.
Io`o aba`peo, padsa`os ad udh ihegarh qua proguia vhpor phrh sar iodsu`fgo ad udh turmfdh ga vhpor iod eh qua sa kadarh adarkàh ae æitrfih. Yupodkh`os ae sfsta`h ―Ifriufto hkuh-vhpor‐ y ae sumsfsta`h ―Hkuh ga hef`adthifùd‐. Qdh ga ehs nheehs qua puaga prasadthr as eh sfkufadta2 Ae dfvae gae thdqua ga hkuh ga hef`adthifùd as mhbo. Eos `ogos ga nheeh, o ihushs qua puagad jhiar qua asa dfvae sah mhbo puagad sar ehs sfkufadtas2
Ehs mo`mhs ga iodgadshifùd do f`pueshd hkuh gasga ae iodgadshgor. Eh tumaràh qua iodguia ae hkuh gasga ehs mo`mhs ga iodgadshifùd astè omstrufgh. Eh tumaràh qua iodguia ae hkuh gasga ehs mo`mhs ga iodgadshifùd tfada udh roturh. ^èevueh ga raifriuehifùd ga ehs mo`mhs ga iodgadshifùd astè tothe`adta hmfarth. Nukh f`porthdta ad eh ihegarh, ad hekudo ga eos ifriuftos (heth, `agfh o mhbh prasfùd). Nukh o roturh ad ae iuarpo gae thdqua ga hkuh ga hef`adthifùd. Nukh o roturh ad eh tumaràh ga shefgh gae thdqua jhifh ehs mo`mhs ga heth, `agfh o mhbh prasfùd. ^èevueh ga Gradhba hmfarth o ad `he asthgo. Yfsta`h ga iodtroe ga dfvae do nudifodh iorraith`adta.
=;
@ès aba`peos2 Nheehs y `ogos ga nheeh ad ae `otor aeæitrfio ga udh mo`mh.
Ad ae astugfo gae `otor ga udh mo`mh iadtrànukh ga krhd th`høo utfefzhgh phrh eh f`puesfùd ga ud ifriufto ga hkuh ga ranrfkarhifùd, sa fgadtfnfihrod > nheehs. H iodtfduhifùd sa `uastrhd ashs nheehs iod togos eos `ogos ga nheeh fgadtfnfihgos. Nheeh H2 Ae `otor do kfrh. @ogos ga nheeh2
Momfdhgo roto o qua`hgo. War`fdhe ga iodaxfùd gae ihmea aeæitrfio ga hef`adthifùd ganaituoso. Nheeh ga hef`adthifùd gae `otor (do raifma iorrfadta aeæitrfih). Aba meoquahgo por rogh`fadtos ghøhgos.
Nheeh M2 Heths vfmrhifodas. @ogos ga nheeh2
Aba gomehgo. ]ogh`fadtos adiod `he Gashefdahifùd ae asthgo. aea`adto qua `uava (ihrkh). Gasaqufefmrfo ad rotor ga eh mo`mh o gae `otor. Hiopeh`fadto ghøhgo. ]asodhdifhs `hkdætfihs gamfghs h axiadtrfifghgas. Qdo ga eos soportas gae `otor do hsfadth iorraith`adta o asth ghøhgo.
Nheeh I2 Eh protaiifùd tær`fih sa gfsphrh. @ogos ga nheeh2
\rotaitor tær`fio `he ihefmrhgo. Momfdhgo roto o qua`hgo. ]ogh`fadtos adadtra `he ehs asthgo. Gasaqufefmrfos nhsas. Ae `otor sa ihefadth porqua ae vadtfehgor sa jh roto.
Nheeh G2 Eh protaiifùd por iortoifriufto sa gfsphrh. @ogos ga nheeh2
Momfdhgo roto o qua`hgo. War`fdhe ganaituoso. Aea`adto ga protaiifùd ad `he asthgo. @otor somraihrkhgo. @otor/ihrkh meoquahgos. =:
Nheeh A2 Eh protaiifùd por garfvhifùd sa gfsphrh. @ogos ga nheeh2
Nheeh ad ae hfseh`fadto (nhsa ad iodthito iod eh ihrihsh ’nheeh h tfarrh-). Eh puasth h tfarrh astè ad `he asthgo.
Qdh ga ehs nhsas astè ad iodthito iod tfarrh. Nheeh N2 ]ufgo axiasfvo. @ogos ga nheeh2
Aba gomehgo o gasmhehdiahgo. ]ogh`fadtos ad `he asthgo. ]ozh`fadtos adtra rotor y asthtor. ]ozh`fadtos ad ae vadtfehgor. Ganfifadta eumrfihifùd ga rogh`fadtos (rogh`fadtos ―saios‐).
Nheeh K2 Heth ta`parhturh ga eh ihrihsh axtardh. @ogos ga nheeh2
]ogh`fadtos ad `he asthgo. Yuifaghg axiasfvh ad eh ihrihsh. ^adtfehgor roto. Eumrfihifùd ganaituosh ad rogh`fadtos. ^adtfehifùd fdsunfifadta. Heth ta`parhturh h`mfadthe.
Iod eh efsth ga eos posfmeas `ogos ga nheeh ga ihgh udh ga eos fgadtfnfihgos hdtarfor`adta, asthra`os ad gfsposfifùd ga hmorghr ae sfkufadta pudto2 ae astugfo ga eh irftfifghg ga ihgh nheeh. NHYA 72 AYWQGFO GA EHY IODYAIQADIFHY GA EHY NHEEHY. I]FWFIFGHG.
Ae sfkufadta phso as gatar`fdhr eos anaitos ga ihgh `ogo ga nheeh y, udh vaz gatar`fdhgos, iehsfnfihreos sakòd eh krhvaghg ga ehs iodsaiuadifhs. Eh prf`arh prakudth h raspodgar ad ihgh `ogo ga nheeh as2 ¿quæ phsh sf oiurra? Qdh sadifeeh axpefihifùd ga eo qua suiagarè sarè sunfifadta. H phrtfr ga asth axpefihifùd, asthra`os ad iodgfifodas ga vheorhr sus iodsaiuadifhs phrh eh sakurfghg y ae `agfo h`mfadta, phrh eh proguiifùd y phrh ae `hdtadf`fadto. =6
Iodsfgarhra`os tras posfmeas ihsos2 qua eh nheeh sah iràtfih, qua eh nheeh sah f`porthdta o qua sah toearhmea. Ad eo ranaradta h eh sakurfghg y he f`phito `agfo h`mfadthe ga eh nheeh, iodsfgarhra`os qua eh nheeh as iràtfih sf axfstad ifarths posfmfefghgas ga qua puagh oiurrfr, y oihsfodhràh ud hiifgadta krhva, mfad phrh eh sakurfghg ga ehs parsodhs o mfad phrh ae `agfo h`mfadta. Iodsfgarhra`os qua as f`porthdta sf, hudqua ehs iodsaiuadifhs phrh eh sakurfghg y ae `agfo h`mfadta nuarhd krhvas, eh promhmfefghg ga qua oiurrh eh nheeh as mhbh. \or òetf`o, iodsfgarhra`os qua eh nheeh as toearhmea sf eh nheeh tfada poih fdneuadifh ad astos gos hspaitos. Ad iuhdto h eh proguiifùd, poga`os gaifr qua udh nheeh as iràtfih sf eh nheeh supoda udh phrhgh ga pehdth, udh gfs`fduifùd gae radgf`fadto o ga eh ihphifghg proguitfvh, y hga`ès, axfsta ifarth promhmfefghg ga qua eh nheeh pugfarh oiurrfr. Yf eh posfmfefghg as `uy mhbh, hudqua puagh supodar udh phrhgh o hnaita h eh potadifh o he radgf`fadto, eh nheeh gama sar iodsfgarhgh io`o f`porthdta. V por òetf`o, eh nheeh sarè toearhmea sf do hnaith h eh proguiifùd, o eo jhia ga `ogo gaspraifhmea. Gasga ae pudto ga vfsth gae `hdtadf`fadto, sf ae iosto ga eh raphrhifùd (ga eh su`h ga eh nheeh `ès otrhs nheehs qua pugfarh oihsfodhr asth) suparh udh ihdtfghg gatar`fdhgh (por aba`peo, `ès ga 8:<,<<< pasos), eh nheeh sarè iràtfih. Yarè f`porthdta sf astè ad ud rhdko fdnarfor (por aba`peo, adtra 8:,<<< y 8:<,<<< pasos) y sarè toearhmea por gamhbo ga ifarth ihdtfghg (por aba`peo, 8:,<<< pasos). Ehs ihdtfghgas fdgfihghs sod `arhs ranaradifhs, hudqua puagad iodsfgarhrsa hpefihmeas ad `uijos ihsos. Ad rasu`ad, phrh qua udh nheeh sah ir àtfih, gama iu`pefr hekudh ga asths iodgfifodas2
Xua puagh oihsfodhr ud hiifgadta qua hnaita h eh sakurfghg o he `agfo h`mfadta, y qua axfsthd ifarths posfmfefghgas ga qua oiurrh. Xua supodkh udh phrhgh ga pehdth o hnaita he radgf`fadto o h eh ihphifghg ga proguiifùd. Xua eh raphrhifùd ga eh nheeh `ès ehs nheehs qua provoqua asth (nheehs saiudghrfhs) sah suparfor h ifarth ihdtfghg.
9<
Nfk. 8. Hdèefsfs ga irftfifghg ga nheeh. Nheeh Iràtfih.
\hrh qua udh nheeh sah f`porthdta 2
Do gama iu`pefr dfdkudh ga ehs iodgfifodas qua eo jhkhd iràtfio.
Gama iu`pefr hekudh ga asths iodgfifodas2
Xua puagh oihsfodhr ud hiifgadta krhva, hudqua eh promhmfefghg sah mhbh. Xua puagh supodar udh phrhgh ga pehdth, o hnaita h eh ihphifghg ga proguiifùd y/o radgf`fadto, paro qua eh promhmfefghg ga qua oiurrh sah mhbh. Xua ae iosto ga raphrhifùd sah `agfo.
Nfk. =. Hdèefsfs ga irftfifghg ga nheeh. Nheeh F`porthdta.
\hrh qua udh nheeh puagh sar iodsfgarhgh toea rhme a, do gama iu`pefr dfdkudh iodgfifùd qua eh jhkh sar iràtfih o f`porthdta, y hga`ès, gama tadar poih fdneuadifh ad eh sakurfghg y ae 98
`agfo h`mfadta, qua do hnaita h eh proguiifùd ga eh pehdth y tadkh ud iosto ga raphrhifùd mhbo. NHYA 12 GAWA]@FDHIFÙD GA EHY @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY.
Gatar`fdhgos eos `ogos ga nheeh gae sfsta`h qua sa hdhefzh y iehsfnfihgos astos `ogos ga nheeh sakòd su avfthr irftfifghg, ae sfkufadta phso assusgatar`fdhr ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua par`ftad mfad eh nheeh, mfad `fdf`fzhr anaitos. Gasga euako, asta as ae pudto nudgh`adthe ga ud astugfo ]I@. Ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua sa puagad to`hr sod ga ifdio tfpos2 thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto, `aborhs, nor`hifùd gae parsodhe, `ogfnfihifùd ga fdstruiifodas ga oparhifùd y `ogfnfihifùd ga fdstruiifodas ga `hdtadf`fadto. As hquà godga sa va eh ador`a potadifh gae hdèefsfs ga nheehs2 do sùeo sa omtfada ud iodbudto ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto qua avfthrèd asths nheehs, sfdo qua hga`ès sa omtadgrèd togo ud iodbudto ga otrhs `agfghs, io`o ud efsthgo ga `ogfnfihifodas, ud pehd ga nor`hifùd, udh efsth ga proiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd daiashrfos. V togo aeeo, iod eh khrhdtàh ga qua tadgrèd ud anaito `uy f`porthdta ad eh `aborh ga rasuethgos ga udh fdsthehifùd.
Whrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto. Yod eos trhmhbos qua poga`os rahefzhr phrh iu`pefr ae ombatfvo ga avfthr eh nheeh o `fdf`fzhr sus anaitos. Ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto puagad, h su vaz, sar ga eos sfkufadtas tfpos2
Wfpo 82 Fdspaiifodas vfsuheas. ^aàh`os qua ehs fdspaiifodas vfsuheas sfa`pra sod radthmeas. Yah iuhe sah ae `ogaeo ga `hdtadf`fadto hpefihmea, ehs fdspaiifodas vfsuheas supodad ud iosto `uy mhbo, por eo qua phraia fdtarashdta aijhr ud vfsthzo h togos eos aqufpos ga eh pehdth ad hekudh oihsfùd. Wfpo =2 Eumrfihifùd. Fkuhe qua ad ae ihso hdtarfor, ehs thrahs ga eumrfihifùd, por su
mhbo sfa`pra sod radthmeas. Wfpoiosto, 92 ^arfnfihifodas gae iorraito nudifodh`fadto rahefzhgos iod fdstru`adtos propfos gae aqufpo (varfnfihifodas odefda). Asta tfpo ga thrahs iodsfsta ad eh to`h ga ghtos ga udh sarfa ga phrè`atros ga nudifodh`fadto utfefzhdgo eos propfos `agfos ga eos qua gfspoda ae aqufpo. Yod, por aba`peo, eh varfnfihifùd ga hehr`hs, eh to`h ga ghtos ga prasfùd, ta`parhturh, vfmrhifodas, ati. Yf ad asth varfnfihifùd sa gataith hekudh hdo`heàh, sa gama proiagar ad iodsaiuadifh. \or aeeo as daiashrfo, ad prf`ar eukhr, nfbhr iod axhitftug eos rhdkos qua adtadgara`os io`o dor`heas phrh ihgh udh ga ehs pudtos qua sa trhth ga varfnfihr, nuarh ga eos iuheas sa praifshrè udh fdtarvadifùd ad ae aqufpo. Wh`mfæd sarè daiashrfo gatheehr io`o sa gama hituhr ad ihso ga qua eh `agfgh ad iuastfùd astæ nuarh gae rhdko dor`he. Wfpo 72 ^arfnfihifodas gae iorraito nudifodh`fadto rahefzhgos iod fdstru`adtos axtardos gae aqufpo. Ya pratadga, iod asta tfpo ga thrahs, gatar`fdhr sf ae aqufpo iu`pea iod udhs aspaifnfihifodas pranfbhghs, paro phrh iuyh gatar`fdhifùd as 9=
daiashrfo gaspehzhr gatar`fdhgos fdstru`adtos o jarrh`fadths aspaifheas, qua puagad sar ushghs por vhrfos aqufpos sf`uetèdah`adta, y qua por thdto, do astèd par`hdadta`adta iodaithghs h ud aqufpo, io`o ad ae ihso hdtarfor. \oga`os gfvfgfr asths varfnfihifodas ad gos ihtakoràhs2
H) Ehs rahefzhghs iod fdstru`adtos sadifeeos, io`o h`parà`atros, tar`ù`atros fdnrhrrobos (pfrù`atros), thiù`atros, vfmrù`atros, ati. M) Ehs rahefzhghs fdstru`adtos io`peabos, io`o hdhefzhgoras vfmrhifodas, gataiifùdiod ga nukhs por uetrhsodfgos, tar`okrhnàhs, hdèefsfs ga ga eh iurvh ga hrrhdqua ga `otoras, ati.
Wfpo 12 Whrahs iodgfifodheas. Ya rahefzhd gapadgfadgo gae asthgo ad qua sa adiuadtra ae aqufpo. Do as daiashrfo rahefzhrehs sf ae aqufpo do gh sàdto`hs ga adiodtrhrsa ad `he asthgo.
Asths thrahs puagad sar2
Ih`mfo pfazhs,eh sustftuifùd sf trhs udh gafdspaiifùd o varfnfihifùd sa omsarvh qua as daiashrfogarahefzhr hekòd aea`adto.
Wfpo >2 Whrahs sfsta`ètfihs, rahefzhghs ihgh ifarth jorh ga nudifodh`fadto, o ihgh ifarto tfa`po, sfd f`porthr io`o sa adiuadtra ae aqufpo. Asths thrahs puagad sar2
Ef`pfazhs iodgfifodheas, sf ae aqufpo gh `uastrhs ga adiodtrhsa suifo. Hbustas iodgfifodheas, sf ae io`porth`fadto gae aqufpo raneabh ud gashbusta ad hekudo ga sus phrè`atros.
Ef`pfazhs. Hbustas. Yustftuifùd ga pfazhs.
Wfpo ;2 Krhdgas ravfsfodas, th`mfæd eeh`hgos @hdtadf`fadto Iaro Jorhs, Ovarjhue o Jhrg Wf`a, qua tfadad io`o ombatfvo gabhr ae aqufpo io`o sf tuvfarh iaro jorhs ga nudifodh`fadto.
Qdh vaz gatar`fdhgo eos `ogos ga nheeh posfmeas ad ud àta`, as daiashrfo gatar`fdhr quæ thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto pogràhd avfthr o `fdf`fzhr eos anaitos ga udh nheeh. \aro eùkfih`adta, do as posfmea rahefzhr iuhequfar thrah qua sa dos oiurrh qua puagh avfthr udh nheeh. Iuhdto `hyor sah eh krhvaghg ga udh nheeh, `hyoras raiursos sa gastfdhrèd h su `hdtadf`fadto, y por aeeo, `ès io`peabhs y iostoshs pogrèd sar ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto qua trhthd ga avfthreo. \or aeeo, ad ae pudto hdtarfor sa axpefihmh eh daiasfghg ga iehsfnfihr ehs nheehs sakòd sus iodsaiuadifhs. Yf eh nheeh jh rasuethgo sar iràtfih, ihsf iuhequfar thrah qua sa dos oiurrh pogràh sar ga hpefihifùd. Yf eh nheeh as f`porthdta, tadgra`os hekudhs ef`fthifodas, y sf por òetf`o, eh nheeh as toearhmea, sùeo sarèd posfmeas hiifodas sadifeehs qua prèitfih`adta do supodkhd dfdkòd iosto. 99
Ad asta òetf`o ihso, ae ihso ga nheehs toearhmeas, ehs òdfihs thrahs iod hpadhs iosto sod ehs ga tfpo 8, = y 9. As gaifr, phrh nheehs toearhmeas poga`os padshr ad fdspaiifodas vfsuheas, eumrfihifùd y eaiturh ga fdstru`adtos propfos gae aqufpo. Hpadhs tfadad iosto, y sa bustfnfih thd poih hitfvfghg por qua ae ghøo qua puaga proguifr eh nheeh as parnaith`adta hsu`fmea. Ad ihso ga nheehs f`porthdtas, h eos gos tfpos hdtarforas poga`os høhgfrea ifarths varfnfihifodas fdstru`adtos he aqufpo y thrahs ga tfpo iodgfifodhe3 sùeo sa eeavhd hiod ihmo sf ae aqufpoaxtardos ad iuastfùd gh sfkdos ga tadar hekòd promea`h.asths As aethrahs ihso ga ehs ef`pfazhs, eos hbustas y eh sustftuifùd ga gatar`fdhgos aea`adtos. Woghs aeehs sod thrahs ga eos tfpos 7 y 1. Ad ae ihso hdtarfor, sa puaga par`ftfr eh nheeh, y soeuifodhreo sf sa proguia. Ad ae ihso ga nheehs f`porthdtas, trhth`os ga musihr sàdto`hs ga nheeh hdtas ga hituhr. Yf udh nheeh rasueth iràtfih, y por thdto tfada krhvas iodsaiuadifhs, sa bustfnfih ihsf iuhequfar hitfvfghg phrh avfthreh. Wrhth`os ga avfthreh o ga `fdf`fzhr sus anaitos ef`pfhdgo, hbusthdgo, sustftuyadgo pfazhs o jhifadgo udh krhd ravfsfùd ad ae àta` sfd asparhr h qua gæ dfdkòd sàdto`h ga nheeh. Eh sfkufadta thmeh trhth ga hiehrhr quæ tfpos ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto poga`os hpefihr gapadgfadgo ga eh irftfifghg ga eh nheeh gatar`fdhgh ad ae pudto hdtarfor.
97
Eh gatar`fdhifùd ga eh nraiuadifh ga ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto .
Qdh vaz gatar`fdhghs ehs thrahs, as daiashrfo gatar`fdhr iod quæ nraiuadifh as daiashrfo rahefzhrehs. Axfstad tras posfmfefghgas phrh gatar`fdhr asth nraiuadifh2 8. Yf tada`os ghtos jfstùrfios qua dos par`fthd iodoiar eh nraiuadifh iod eh qua sa proguia eh nheeh, poga`os utfefzhr iuhequfar tæidfih asthgàstfih (ehs tæidfihs asthgàstfihs hpefihmeas sod gfvarshs, paro axiagad eos ombatfvos ga asta taxto) qua dos par`fth gatar`fdhr ihgh iuhdto tfa`po sa proguia eh nheeh sf do hituh`os somra ae aqufpo. Gamara`os iodthr iod ud dò`aro `àdf`o ga vheoras (raio`adghmea `ès ga 8<, hudqua iuhdto `hyor sah eh pomehifùd `ès axhitos sarèd eos rasuethgos). Eh nraiuadifh asthrè ad nudifùd gae iosto ga eh nheeh y gae iosto ga eh thrah ga `hdtadf`fadto (`hdo ga omrh + `htarfheas + pærgfgh ga proguiifùd gurhdta eh fdtarvadifùd). =. Yf gfspoda`os ga udh nudifùd `hta`ètfih qua par`fthd pragaifr eh vfgh òtfe ga udh pfazh, poga`os astf`hr eh nraiuadifh ga fdtarvadifùd h phrtfr ga gfijh nudifùd. Yuaea sar hpefihmea phrh astf`hr eh vfgh ga gatar`fdhgos aea`adtos, io`o eos èehmas 91
ga udh turmfdh ga khs, eos iobfdatas o rogh`fadtos ga ud aqufpo rothtfvo o eh vfgh ga udh jarrh`fadth ga iorta. 9. Yf do gfspoda`os ga ehs fdnor`hifodas hdtarforas, eh gatar`fdhifùd ga eh nraiuadifh iod eh qua gamad rahefzhrsa ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto propuasths gama jhiarsa ad mhsa h eh opfdfùd ga axpartos. As eh `ès sumbatfvh, eh `ados praifsh ga ehs nor`hs ga gatar`fdhr eh nraiuadifh ga fdtarvadifùd, y sfd a`mhrko, eh `ès utfefzhgh. Do sfa`pra as posfmea gfspodar ga fdnor`hifùd jfstùrfih o ga `ogaeos `hta`ètfios qua dos par`fthd pragaifr ae io`porth`fadto ga udh pfazh. Yf do sa gfspoda ga ghtos jfstùrfios df ga nùr`uehs `hta`ètfihs, poga`os sakufr astos iodsabos2
As iodvadfadta nfbhr udh nraiuadifh gfhrfh phrh thrahs ga `uy mhbo iosto, io`o ehs fdspaiifodas vfsuheas o ehs eaiturhs ga phrè`atros. Eh nraiuadifh `adsuhe as hiodsabhmea phrh thrahs qua supodkhd `odthbas o gas`odthbas io`peabos, y do astæ bustfnfihgo jhiareo h gfhrfo. Eh nraiuadifh hduhe sa rasarvh phrh thrahs qua daiasfthd qua eh pehdth astæ phrhgh, y qua do sa bustfnfih rahefzhrehs iod nraiuadifh `adsuhe.
Asths nraiuadifhs fdgfihtfvhs do sod sfdo `arhs kuàhs ga ranaradifh. \hrh ihgh ihso, as iodvadfadta io`promhr sf eh nraiuadifh propuasth as eh `ès fdgfihgh. \or òetf`o, y iod ae nfd ga nhifefthr eh aehmorhifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto, as iodvadfadta aspaifnfihr eh aspaifhefghg ga eh thrah (`aièdfih, aeæitrfih, pragfitfvh, ga oparhifùd, ga eumrfihifùd, ati.).
@ABO]HY V @OGFNFIHIFODAY GA EH FDYWHEHIFÙD.
Gatar`fdhghs nheehs puagad pravadfrsa `ès nèife`adta `ogfnfihdgo eh fdsthehifùd, o fdtroguifadgo `aborhs. Ehs `aborhs puagad sar, adtra otrhs, ga eos sfkufadtas tfpos2
Ih`mfos ad eos `htarfheas. @hdtadfadgo ae gfsaøo ga ehs pfazhs, ae òdfio ih`mfo qua sa rahefzh as ad eh ihefghg ga eos `htarfheas qua sa a`peahd. Hekudos aba`peos2 ih`mfos ad eh io`posfifùd quà`fih gae hiaro iod ae qua astè nhmrfihgh eh pfazh, ad ae trhth`fadto suparnfifhe qua raifma asth phrh `aborhr ehs ihrhitaràstfihs ga eh ihph `ès axtardh, ad ae tfpo ga hiafta iod ae qua eumrfih`os gos pfazhs `atèefihs qua `hdtfadad adtra sà iodthito ad `ovf`fadto, ati. Ih`mfos ad ae gfsaøo ga udh pfazh . Eh kao`atràh ga hekudhs pfazhs jhia qua ad gatar`fdhgos pudtos hiu`uead tadsfodas qua nhifefthd su nheeh. Qd sf`pea ih`mfo ad ae gfsaøo ga asths pfazhs puaga jhiar qua iu`pehd su nudifùd parnaith`adta y qua su promhmfefghg ga roturh gfs`fduyh sfkdfnfihtfvh`adta. 9>
Fdsthehifùd ga sfsta`hs ga gataiifùd , mfad ga hvfso o mfad phrh avfthr qua ae aqufpo nudifoda ad iodgfifodas qua puaghd sar parbugfifheas Ih`mfos ad ae gfsaøo ga udh fdsthehifùd . Ad oihsfodas do as udh pfazh, sfdo togo ud iodbudto ae qua gama sar ragfsaøhgo, phrh avfthr gatar`fdhgos `ogos ga nheeh. As ae ihso, por aba`peo, ga nheehs proguifghs por koepas ga hrfata2 do suaea sar udh pfazh eh qua as daiashrfo ih`mfhr, sfdo togo ud iodbudto, høhgfadgo aea`adtos (io`o tumaràhs neaxfmeas o hiu`uehgoras ga prasfùd) y `ogfnfihdgo trhzhgos.
\or òetf`o, ad oihsfodas eh Ih`mfos ad ehseh iodgfifodas ga trhmhbo gae àta` nor`h ga avfthr nheeh ga udh pfazh o ud aqufpo do as. hituhr somra æstos, sfdo somra ae `agfo qua eos rogah. F`hkfda`os ae ihso ga udh nheeh ad ud fdtarih`mfhgor ga iheor proguifgo por fdirusthifodas ad eh euz tumuehr qua iodguia ae eàqufgo ga ranrfkarhifùd. Asth nheeh puaga avfthrsa trhthdgo quà`fih`adta asta eàqufgo iod ud proguito hdtf-fdirusthdta2 do asthràh`os hituhdgo somra ae fdtarih`mfhgor, sfdo somra ud io`podadta axtardo (ehs ihrhitaràstfihs nàsfio-quà`fihs gae eàqufgo ranrfkarhdta).
IH@MFOY AD EOY \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA O\A]HIFÙD.
Ae parsodhe qua oparh suaea tadar udh heth fdifgadifh ad eos promea`hs qua prasadth ud aqufpo. \oga`os gaifr, sfd eukhr h gughs, qua asth as eh `agfgh `ès mhrhth y `ès anfihz ad eh euijh iodtrh ehs hvaràhs. Ad kadarhe, ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto tfadad ud iosto, thdto ad `hdo ga omrh io`o ad `htarfheas. Ehs `aborhs tfadad ud iosto høhgfgo, raehifodhgo iod ae gfsaøo y iod ehs pruamhs. \aro ud ih`mfo ad ud proiagf`fadto ga oparhifùd tfada ad kadarhe ud iosto `uy mhbo, y ud madanfifo potadifhe hetàsf`o. Io`o fdiodvadfadta, togos eos ih`mfos suaead tadar udh fdarifh heth phrh eeavhreos h ihmo, por eo qua as daiashrfo prasthr eh gamfgh htadifùd he proiaso ga f`pehdthifùd ga iuhequfar ih`mfo ad ud proiagf`fadto. Ad oihsfodas, phrh `fdf`fzhr eos anaitos ga udh nheeh as daiashrfo hgopthr udh sarfa ga `agfghs provfsfodheas sf asth eeakhrh h oiurrfr. Gadtro ga eos ih`mfos ad proiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd, ud ihso phrtfiuehr as asta2 fdstruiifodas ga oparhifùd phrh ae ihso ga qua eeakua h oiurrfr udh nheeh ad phrtfiuehr.
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IH@MFOY AD EOY \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA @HDWADF@FADWO.
Hekudhs hvaràhs sa proguiad porqua gatar`fdhghs fdtarvadifodas gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto do sa jhiad iorraith`adta. Eh raghiifùd ga proiagf`fadtos ad eos qua sa fdgfqua iehrh`adta iù`o gamad rahefzhrsa gatar`fdhghs thrahs, y ad eos qua nfkurad gatar`fdhgos ghtos (toearhdifhs, hbustas, phras ga hprfata, ati.) as ga krhd utfefghg. NO]@HIFÙD.
Mfad phrh avfthr qua gatar`fdhghs nheehs oiurrhd, o mfad phrh rasoevarehs rèpfgh`adta ad ihso ga qua suiaghd, ad oihsfodas as daiashrfo pravar hiifodas nor`htfvhs, thdto phrh ae parsodhe ga oparhifùd io`o phrh ae ga `hdtadf`fadto. Eh nor`hifùd ad gatar`fdhgos proiagf`fadtos, dor`htfvfghgas, eh nor`hifùd ad ud rfasko ad phrtfiuehr o ae raphso ga ud gfhkrh`h udfnfehr, o ae astugfo ga udh hvaràh suiagfgh ad udh fdsthehifùd sf`fehr sod aba`peos ga asta tfpo ga hiifùd. NHYA >2 HK]Q\HIFÙD GA EHY @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY.
\hrh gatar`fdhr ehshkruphr `agfghsasths pravadtfvhs nheehs potadifheas ga ud sfsta`h, ae sfkufadta phso as `agfghsphrh poravfthr tfposehs(thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto, `aborhs, proiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd, proiagf`fadtos ga `hdtadf`fadto y nor`hifùd), eo qua euako dos nhifefthrè su f`pea`adthifùd. Ae rasuethgo ga asth hkruphifùd sarè2
\ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto. Arh fdfifhe`adta ae prfdifphe ombatfvo musihgo. Ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto eo io`podad ae iodbudto ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto rasuethdta gae hdèefsfs ga nheehs. \uaga varsa qua hudqua arh ae ombatfvo fdfifhe ga asta hdèefsfs, do as ae òdfio rasuethgo òtfe. Efsth ga `aborhs tæidfihs h f`pea`adthr. Wrhs ae astugfo, tadgra`os udh efsth ga `aborhs y `ogfnfihifodas qua as iodvadfadta rahefzhr ad eh fdsthehifùd. As
iodvadfadta gapurhr asthsy eos `aborhs, puas jhmrè quaehbustfnfihr aiodù`fih`adta eh Gfraiifùd ga eh pehdth kastoras aiodù`fios daiasfghg ga astos ih`mfoshdta Hitfvfghgas ga nor`hifùd. Ehs hitfvfghgas ga nor`hifùd gatar`fdhghs asthrèd gfvfgfghs dor`he`adta ad nor`hifùd phrh parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto y nor`hifùd phrh parsodhe ga oparhifùd. Ad hekudos ihsos, as posfmea qua sa sukfarh nor`hifùd phrh iodtrhtfsths, ad thrahs ad qua æstos astæd fdvoeuirhgos. Efsth ga \roiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto h `ogfnfihr. Jhmra`os kadarhgo udh efsth ga proiagf`fadtos h aehmorhr o h `ogfnfihr qua tfadad io`o ombatfvo avfthr nheehs o `fdf`fzhr sus anaitos. Io`o yh sa jh io`adthgo, jhmrè ud tfpo aspaifhe ga proiagf`fadtos, qua sarèd eos qua jhkhd ranaradifh h `agfghs provfsfodheas ad ihso ga nheeh.
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NHYA ;2 \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA EHY @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY.
Vh ja`os vfsto qua trhs ae astugfo ga ]I@ sa omtfadad udh sarfa ga `agfghs pravadtfvhs, adtra ehs qua gasthih ae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto h gashrroeehr ad eh fdsthehifùd. \aro udh vaz omtadfghs toghs asths `agfghs y hkruphghs ga nor`h oparhtfvh, as daiashrfo f`pea`adthrehs. \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO.
Gatar`fdhgo ae duavo pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto, jhy qua sustftufr ae pehd hdtarfor por ae rasuethdta gae astugfo rahefzhgo. As iodvadfadta raphshreo udh vaz `ès, por sf sa jumfarhd oevfghgo thrahs. Yomra togo, as daiashrfo io`promhr qua ehs thrahs raio`adghghs por eos nhmrfihdtas jhd sfgo tadfghs ad iuadth, phrh hsakurhr qua do sa oevfgh ad ae duavo pehd dfdkudh thrah f`porthdta. \aro udh vaz ravfshgo, jhy qua trhthr ga qua eh f`pea`adthifùd sah eo `ès rèpfgh posfmea. \hrh hekudh ga ehs thrahs qua sa gatheead ad ae duavo pehd as posfmea qua do sa gfspodkh ad pehdth ga eos `agfos daiashrfos. \or aeeo, as daiashrfo qua eos raspodshmeas gae `hdtadf`fadto sa hsakurad ga qua sa gfspoda ga eos `agfos tæidfios o ga eos `htarfheas daiashrfos. Wh`mfæd as f`prasifdgfmea nor`hr he parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto ad ae duavo pehd, axpefihdgo ad quæ iodsfsta, iuheas sod ehs gfnaradifhs iod ae hdtarfor, y qua nheehs sa pratadgad avfthr iod astos ih`mfos.
F@\EA@ADWHIFÙD GA @ABO]HY WÆIDFIHY.
Eh efsth ga `aborhs omtadfgh y gapurhgh jhy qua prasadthreh h eh Gfraiifùd ga eh pehdth phrh su rahefzhifùd. Jhmrè qua iheiuehr ae iosto qua supoda, soefifthr hekudos prasupuastos y prasaeaiifodhr posfmeas iodtrhtfsths (ad ae ihso ga qua do puaghd f`pea`adthrsa iod parsodhe ga eh pehdth). Wh`mfæd jhmrè qua axpodar y iheiuehr eos madanfifos qua sa omtfadad iod eh f`pea`adthifùd ga ihgh udh ga aeehs.
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\QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA EHY HIIFODAY NO]@HWF^HY.
\hrh f`pea`adthr ehs hiifodas nor`htfvhs gatar`fdhghs ad ae hdèefsfs, do jhy `ès qua fdieufrehs ad ae \ehd ga Nor`hifùd ga eh pehdth. Eh krhd gfnaradifh adtra ehs hiifodas nor`htfvhs propuasths por ae ]I@ y eh `hyoràh ga ehs qua suaead nor`hr phrta ga eos pehdas ga nor`hifùd suaea sar qua eos propuastos por ae ]I@ tfadad io`o ombatfvo eh soeuifùd h promea`hs thdkfmeas, y por thdto, sa trhguiad rèpfgh`adta ad udh `aborh ga eos rasuethgos. \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GA IH@MFOY AD \]OIAGF@FADWOY GA O\A]HIFÙD V @HDWADF@FADWO.
\hrh eh f`pea`adthifùd ga astos ih`mfos ad proiagf`fadtos ga oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto as daiashrfo hsakurhr qua togos eos f`pefihgos iodoiad y io`pradgad eos ih`mfos. \hrh aeeos as daiashrfo orkhdfzhr sasfodas nor`htfvhs a fdnor`htfvhs ad ehs qua sa axpefqua h togo ae parsodhe qua tfada qua eeavhreos h ihmo ihgh udo ga eos pudtos gatheehgos ad eos duavos proiagf`fadtos, varfnfihdgo qua sa jhd adtadgfgo parnaith`adta. Asta hspaito nor`htfvo as ae `ès f`porthdta phrh hsakurhr eh f`pea`adthifùd anaitfvh ga eos ih`mfos ad proiagf`fadtos.
GFNA]ADIFHY ADW]A QD \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO FDFIFHE V QDO MHYHGO AD ]I@. Io`phrhdgo ae pehd fdfifhe, mhshgo somra togo ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas, iod ae duavo, mhshgo ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs, jhmrè gfnaradifhs dothmeas2
Ad hekudos ihsos, jhmrè duavhs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto, heeà godga ae nhmrfihdta do iodsfgarù daiashrfh dfdkudh thrah. Ad otros ihsos, sa jhmrèd aef`fdhgo hekudhs ga ehs thrahs por iodsfgarhrsa qua ehs nheehs qua trhthmhd ga avfthr sod parnaith`adta hsu`fmeas (as `ès aiodù`fio asparhr eh nheeh y soeuifodhreo iuhdgo sa proguzih qua rahefzhr gatar`fdhghs thrahs phrh avfthreo).
Ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto fdfifhe astè mhshgo ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas, `ès hporthifodas pudtuheas ga thrahs propuasths por eos raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto ad mhsa h su axparfadifh, io`peathghs iod ehs axfkadifhs eakheas ga `hdtadf`fadto ga gatar`fdhgos aqufpos2
7<
Nfk. 9. Gfhkrh`h ga neubo phrh eh aehmorhifùd ga ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto mhshgo ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas.
Ae @hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhgo ad Nfhmfefghg o ]I@ vh `ès heeè. Wrhs ae astugfo ga nheehs, do sùeo omtada`os ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto qua trhth ga avfthr ehs nheehs potadifheas y pravfsfmeas, sfdo qua hga`ès hporth fdnor`hifùd vhefosh phrh aehmorhr o `ogfnfihr ae pehd ga nor`hifùd, ae `hduhe ga oparhifùd y ae `hduhe ga `hdtadf`fadto2
Nfk. 7. Gfhkrh`h ga neubo ga eh aehmorhifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto mhshgo ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs.
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Omsærvasa gùdga sa iodsfgarhd ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas ad udo y otro ihso2 sf ad ae pehd fdfifhe arhd eh mhsa, ad ]I@ do sod `ès qua udh `arh iodsueth nfdhe phrh hsakurhr qua do sa jh oevfghgo dhgh f`porthdta.
¿XQÆ AY W\@? Ae W\@ (@hdtadf`fadto \roguitfvo Wothe -Wothe \roguitfva @hfdtadhdia- ) surkfù ad Bhpùd krhifhs h eos asnuarzos gae Bhphd Fdstftuta on \ehdt @hfdtadhdia (BF\@) io`o ud sfsta`h gastfdhgo h eokrhr eh aef`fdhifùd ga ehs eeh`hghs ―safs krhdgas pærgfghs‐ ga eos aqufpos, iod ae ombatfvo ga nhifefthr eh f`pehdthifùd ga eh nor`h ga t rhmhbo ―Bust fd Wf`a‐ o ―Busto h Wfa`po‐.
Eh nfeosonàh gae W\@.
W\@ as udh nfeosonàh ga `hdtadf`fadto iuyo ombatfvo as aef`fdhr ehs pærgfghs ad proguiifùd gamfghs he asthgo ga eos aqufpos, o ad otrhs phehmrhs, `hdtadar eos aqufpos ad gfsposfifùd phrh proguifrAsto h susupoda2 ihphifghg `èxf`h proguitos ga eh ihefghg asparhgh, sfd phrhghs do prokrh`hghs.
Iaro hvaràhs. Iaro tfa`pos `uartos. Iaro ganaitos htrfmufmeas h ud `he asthgo ga eos aqufpos. Yfd pærgfghs ga radgf`fadto o ga ihphifghg proguitfvh gamfgo he asthgo ga eos aqufpos.
Ya adtfadga adtodias parnaith`adta ae do`mra2 `hdtadf`fadto proguitfvo tothe, o `hdtadf`fadto qua hporth udh proguitfvfghg `èxf`h o tothe.
Eh atardh paeah adtra `hdtadf`fadto y proguiifùd.
Ae `hdtadf`fadto jh sfgo vfsto trhgfifodhe`adta iod udh phrta saphrhgh y axtardh he proiaso proguitfvo. W\@ a`arkfù io`o udh daiasfghg ga fdtakrhr ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto y ae ga oparhifùd o proguiifùd phrh `aborhr eh proguitfvfghg y eh gfspodfmfefghg. Ad udh a`prash ad eh qua W\@ sa jh f`pehdthgo togh eh orkhdfzhifùd trhmhbh ad ae `hdtadf`fadto y ad eh `aborh ga eos aqufpos. Ya mhsh ad ifdio prfdifpfos nudgh`adtheas2
\hrtfifphifùd ga togo ae parsodhe, gasga eh heth gfraiifùd jhsth eos oparhrfos ga pehdth. Fdieufr h togos y ihgh udo ga aeeos par`fta khrhdtfzhr ae æxfto gae ombatfvo. 7=
Irahifùd ga udh iueturh iorporhtfvh orfadthgh h eh omtadifùd ga eh `èxf`h anfihifh ad ae sfsta`h ga proguiifùd y kastfùd ga eos aqufpos y `hqufdhrfhs. Ya musih eh ―anfihifh keomhe‐. F`pehdthifùd ga ud sfsta`h ga kastfùd ga ehs pehdths proguitfvhs the, qua sa nhifefta eh aef`fdhifùd ga ehs pærgfghs hdtas ga qua sa proguzihd. F`pehdthifùd gae `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo io`o `agfo mèsfio phrh heihdzhr ae ombatfvo ga iaro pærgfghs `agfhdta hitfvfghgas fdtakrhghs ad paquaøos krupos ga trhmhbo y hpoyhgo ae soporta proporifodh ae `hdtadf`fadto Hpefihifùd ga eosadsfsta`hs gaqua kastfùd ga togos eos hspaitos gahutùdo`o. eh proguiifùd, fdieuyadgo gfsaøo y gashrroeeo, vadths y gfraiifùd.
Ehs safs krhdgas pærgfghs.
Gasga eh nfeosonàh gae W\@ sa iodsfgarh qua udh `èqufdh phrhgh phrh anaituhr ud ih`mfo, udh `èqufdh hvarfhgh, udh `èqufdh qua do trhmhbh he 8<<% ga su ihphifghg o qua nhmrfih proguitos ganaituosos astè ad udh sftuhifùd fdtoearhmea qua proguia pærgfghs h eh a`prash. Eh `èqufdh gama iodsfgarhrsa f`proguitfvh ad togos asos ihsos, y gamad to`hrsa ehs hiifodas iorraspodgfadtas tadgadtas h avfthreos ad ae nuturo. W\@ fgadtfnfih safs nuadtas ga pærgfghs (gado`fdh ghs ehs ―safs krhdgas pærgfghs‐) qua raguiad eh anaitfvfghg por fdtarnarfr iod eh proguiifùd2 8. Nheehs gae aqufpo, qua proguiad pærgfghs ga tfa`po fdasparhghs. =. \uasth h pudto y hbustas ga ehs `èqufdhs (o tfa`pos `uartos) qua proguiad pærgfghs ga tfa`po he fdfifhr udh duavh oparhifùd u otrh athph ga aeeh. \or aba`peo, he fdfifo ad eh `høhdh, he ih`mfhr ga eukhr ga trhmhbo, he ih`mfhr udh `htrfz, o he jhiar ud hbusta. 9. @hrijhs ad vhiào, asparhs y gatadifodas `adoras (hvaràhs `adoras) gurhdta eh oparhifùd dor`he qua proguiad pærgfghs ga tfa`po, yh sah por promea`hs ad eh fdstru`adthifùd, paquaøhs omstruiifodas, ati. 7. ^aeoifghg ga oparhifùd raguifgh (ae aqufpo do nudifodh h su ihphifghg `èxf`h), qua proguia pærgfghs proguitfvhs he do omtadarsa eh vaeoifghg ga gfsaøo gae proiaso. 1. phrtas Ganaitosgaadæe,ae raproiashr proiaso, quaproguitos proguiad ganaituosos pærgfghs proguitfvhs he tadar qua rajhiar o io`peathr hitfvfghgas do tar`fdhghs. >. \ærgfghs ga tfa`po propfhs ga eh puasth ad `hrijh ga ud proiaso duavo, `hrijh ad vhiào, parfogo ga pruamh, ati. Ae hdèefsfs iufghgoso ga ihgh udh ga asths ihushs ga mhbh proguitfvfghg eeavh h adiodtrhr ehs soeuifodas phrh aef`fdhrehs y eos `agfos phrh f`pea`adthr asths òetf`hs. As nudgh`adthe qua ae hdèefsfs sah jaijo ad iodbudto por ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd y ae ga `hdtadf`fadto, porqua eos promea`hs qua ihushd eh mhbh proguitfvfghg sod ga h`mos tfpos y ehs soeuifodas gamad sar hgopthghs ad nor`h fdtakrhe phrh qua tadkhd æxfto.
79
Eh f`pefihifùd gae oparhgor ad ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Gasga ud pudto ga vfsth prèitfio, f`pehdthr W\@ ad udh orkhdfzhifùd sfkdfnfih qua ae `hdtadf`fadto astè parnaith`adta fdtakrhgo ad eh proguiifùd. Hsà, gatar`fdhgos trhmhbos ga `hdtadf`fadto sa jhd trhdsnarfgo he parsodhe ga proguiifùd, qua yh do sfadta he aqufpo io`o heko qua raphrhd y htfadgad otros, sfdo io`o heko propfo qua tfadad qua iufghr y `f`hr2 ae oparhgor sfadta ae aqufpo io`o suyo. Yupoda gfnaradifhs ae `hdtadf`fadto ad tras dfvaeas2
Ae dfvae ga oparhgor, qua sa oiuphrè ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto oparhtfvo `uy sadifeehs, io`o ef`pfazhs, hbustas, vfkfehdifh ga phrè`atros y eh raphrhifùd ga paquaøhs hvaràhs. Dfvae ga tæidfio fdtakrhgo. Gadtro gae aqufpo ga proguiifùd jhy he `ados udh parsodh ga `hdtadf`fadto qua trhmhbh iodbudth`adta iod ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd, as udo `ès ga aeeos. Asth parsodh rasuaeva promea`hs ga `hyor io`peabfghg, phrh ae qua sa daiasfthd `hyoras iodoif`fadtos. \aro astè heeà, iarihdo, do as daiashrfo hvfshr h dhgfa o asparhr. Ae rapuasto th`mfæd astè gasiadtrhefzhgo2 ihgh eàdah proguitfvh, fdieuso ihgh `èqufdh, tfada iarih eo qua raqufara.
\hrh fdtarvadifodas ga `hyor io`o ati., ravfsfodas prokrh`hghs qua f`pefquad gas`odthbas io`peabos, hbustasdfvae, gaefihgos, sa iuadth iod ud gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto do fdtakrhgo ad eh astruiturh ga proguiifùd. @hdabh ehs jarrh`fadths io`udas. Eh f`pefihifùd gae oparhgor ad thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto eokrh qua æsta io`pradgh `abor eh `èqufdh a fdsthehifodas qua oparh, sus ihrhitaràstfihs y ihphifghgas, su irftfifghg3 hyugh he trhmhbo ad krupo, y nhifefth io`phrtfr axparfadifhs y hpradgfzhbas `utuos3 y iod togo asto, sa `aborh eh `otfvhifùd gae parsodhe. Axfsta udh gfnaradifh nudgh`adthe adtra eh nfeosonàh gae W\@ y eh gae ]I@2 `fadtrhs qua ad eh prf`arh sod ehs parsodhs y eh orkhdfzhifùd ae iadtro gae proiaso (as ad astos gos nhitoras ad eos qua astè mhshgo), ad ae ]I@ ae `hdtadf`fadto sa mhsh ad ae hdèefsfs ga nheehs, y ad ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua sa hgopthrèd phrh avfthrehs, y do thdto ad ehs parsodhs. EH F@\EHDWHIFÙD GA W\@ AD QDH A@\]AYH.
Ae Bhphd Fdstftuta on \ehdt @hfdtadhdia (BF\@) gashrroeeù ud `ætogo ad sfata phsos iuyo ombatfvo as eokrhr ae ih`mfo ga hitftug fdgfspadshmea phrh ae æxfto gae prokrh`h. Eos phsos phrh gashrroeehr as ih`mfo ga hitftug sod eos sfkufadtas2
Nhsa 8. Hsao fdfifhe.
77
Ad asth nhsa sa musih ef`pfhr eh `èqufdh ga poevo y suifaghg, h nfd ga gabhr toghs sus phrtas parnaith`adta vfsfmeas. Ya f`pea`adth hga`ès ud prokrh`h ga eumrfihifùd, sa hbusthd sus io`podadtas y sa rahefzh udh puasth h pudto gae aqufpo (sa raphrhd togos eos ganaitos iodoifgos).
Nhsa =. @agfghs phrh gasiumrfr ehs ihushs ga eh suifaghg, ae poevo y ehs nheehs.
Qdh vazasthgo. ef`pfhYaeh gamad `èqufdh as fdgfspadshmea do vuaevhaehpoevo adsuifhrsa y h ihar ad ae `fs`o avfthr ehs ihushs ga qua eh suifaghg, y ae nudifodh`fadto frrakuehr (nukhs ga hiafta, por aba`peo), sa `aborh ae hiiaso h eos eukhras gfnàifeas ga ef`pfhr y ga eumrfihr y sa musih raguifr ae tfa`po qua sa daiasfth phrh asths gos nudifodas mèsfihs (ef`pfhr y eumrfihr).
Nhsa 9. \raphrhifùd ga proiagf`fadtos ga ef`pfazh y eumrfihifùd.
Ad asth nhsa hphraiad ga duavo ehs gos nudifodas ga `hdtadf`fadto prf`hrfo o ga prf`ar dfvae hsfkdhghs he parsodhe ga proguiifùd2 Ya praphrhd ad asth nhsa proiagf`fadtos astèdghr iod ae ombato qua ehs hitfvfghgas ga ef`pfazh, eumrfihifùd y hbustas `adoras ga eos io`podadtas sa puaghd rahefzhr ad tfa`pos iortos.
Nhsa 7. Fdspaiifodas kadarheas. Iodsakufgo qua ae parsodhe sa raspodshmfefia ga eh ef`pfazh, eh eumrfihifùd y eos hbustas `adoras, sa adtradh he parsodhe ga proguiifùd phrh qua puagh fdspaiifodhr y varfnfihr ae aqufpo ad musih ga nheehs `adoras y nheehs ad nhsa ga kasthifùd, y por supuasto, soeuifodhrehs.
Nhsa 1. Fdspaiifodas hutùdo`hs.
Ad asth qufdth nhsa sa praphrhd ehs kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto hutùdo`o, o `hdtadf`fadto oparhtfvo. Ya praphrhd efsths ga ijaquao (ijaicefst) ga ehs `èqufdhs rahefzhghs por eos propfos oparhrfos, y sa podad ad prèitfih. As ad asth nhsa godga sa proguia eh varghgarh f`pehdthifùd gae `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo parfùgfio rahefzhgo por ae parsodhe qua oparh eh `èqufdh. Nhsa >. Orgad y hr`odàh ad eh gfstrfmuifùd.
Eh asthdghrfzhifùd y eh `atogoeokàh ga hitfvfghgas as udh ga ehs asadifhs ga eh Kastfùd ga eh Ihefghg Wothe (Wothe Xuhefety @hdhka`adt, WX@), qua as eh nfeosonàh qua fdspfrh thdto ae W\@ io`o ae BFW. Ya musih irahr proiagf`fadtos y astèdghras phrh eh ef`pfazh, eh fdspaiifùd, eh eumrfihifùd, ae `hdtadf`fadto ga rakfstros ad eos qua sa raneabhrèd toghs ehs hitfvfghgas ga `hdtadf`fadto y proguiifùd, eh kastfùd ga eh jarrh`fadth y gae rapuasto, ati.
Nhsa ;. Optf`fzhifùd y hutodo`àh ad eh hitfvfghg.
71
Eh òetf`h nhsa tfada io`o ombatfvo gashrroeehr udh iueturh jhifh eh `aborh iodtfduh ad togh eh a`prash2 sa rakfstrh sfsta`ètfih`adta ae tfa`po adtra nheehs, sa hdhefzhd æstos y sa propodad soeuifodas. V togo aeeo, pro`ovfgo y efgarhgo por ae propfo aqufpo ga proguiifùd. Ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh io`peathr ae prokrh`h vhràh ga = h 9 høos, y suaea gashrroeehrsa ga eh sfkufadta `hdarh2 8. Eh Karadifh gh h iodoiar h togh eh a`prash su gaifsfùd ga podar ad prèitfih W\@. Ae æxfto gae prokrh`h gapadga gae ædnhsfs qua podkh eh Karadifh Kadarhe ad su hdudifo h togo ae parsodhe. =. Ya rahefzh udh ih`phøh `hsfvh ga fdnor`hifùd y adtradh`fadto h togos eos dfvaeas ga eh a`prash ga the `hdarh qua togo ae `udgo adtfadgh iehrh`adta eos iodiaptos ga W\@. Ya utfefzhd togos eos `agfos posfmeas io`o ijhrehs, ihrtaeas, tràptfios, gfhrfo `urhe, ati., ga the `hdarh qua sa iraa udh ht`ùsnarh nhvorhmea he fdfifo gae prokrh`h. 9. Ya irahd orkhdfzhifodas phrh pro`ovar W\@, io`o sar ud Io`ftæ ga Karadifh, Io`ftæs gaphrth`adtheas y Krupos ga Whrah phrh hdhefzhr ihgh ta`h. 7. Ya ganfdad y a`ftad ehs poeàtfihs mèsfihs y ehs `aths qua sa nfbhrèd he prokrh`h W\@. Iod asta ombato sa rahefzh udh adiuasth h toghs ehs oparhifodas ga eh a`prash
1. >. ;. :.
haxfstadta nfd ga iod `agfr eh anaitfvfghg rahe gae\ærgfghs‐. aqufpo oparhtfvo y iodoiar eh sftuhifùd raehifùd h ehs ―> Krhdgas Io`o iodieusfùd sa nfbhd `aths y sa propoda ud prokrh`h phrh iu`pefrehs. Ya ganfda ud pehd `hastro ga gashrroeeo ga W\@ qua sa trhguia ad ud prokrh`h ga toghs ehs hitfvfghgas y athphs. Qdh vaz tar`fdhgh eh athph praphrhtorfh hdtarfor sa gh eh ―phrtfgh onfifhe‐ he prokrh`h W\@ iod udh iara`odfh fdfifhe iod phrtfifphifùd ga ehs `ès heths hutorfghgas ga eh a`prash y iod fdvfthgos ga toghs ehs èrahs. Ya fdfifh ae hdèefsfs y `aborh ga eh anaitfvfghg ga ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos ga eh pehdth. Ya ganfda y asthmeaia ud sfsta`h ga fdnor`hifùd phrh rakfstrhr y hdhefzhr sus ghtos ga nfhmfefghg y `hdtadfmfefghg. Ya ganfda ae sfsta`h y sa nor`hd krupos hutùdo`os ga `hdtadf`fadto qua fdfifhd sus hitfvfghgas fd`agfhth`adta gaspuæs ga eh ―phrtfgh onfifhe‐. Ad asta `o`adto ae
gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto varè por hu`adthr su trhmhbo adèrahs nor`hgaiodsfgarhmea gamfgo h eos raquarf`fadtos kadarhgos eos krupos gasga ehs proguiifùd. 6. Ya f`pea`adth ud sfsta`h ga `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo ad ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto. 8<. Ya fdfifh ae adtradh`fadto h oparhgoras y `hdtadagoras h nfd ga `aborhr sus iodoif`fadtos y jhmfefghgas. 88. Ya irah ae sfsta`h ga `aborh`fadto ga eos aqufpos ga eh pehdth qua par`fta eeavhr h eh prèitfih ehs fgahs ga ih`mfo y `ogfnfihifodas ad ae gfsaøo phrh `aborhr eh iodnfhmfefghg y `hdtadfmfefghg. 8=. Ya iodsoefgh por òetf`o eh f`pehdthifùd tothe ga W\@ y sa omtfada ud heto dfvae ga anaitfvfghg gae aqufpo. Iod asta ombato sa gamad irahr astà`ueos h eos eokros fdtardos gae prokrh`h W\@ ad eos gfvarsos gaphrth`adtos ga eh a`prash.
7>
EH IODW]HWHIFÙD GA HYAYO]H@FADWO AZWA]DO AD AE \]OIAYO GA F@\EHDWHIFÙD GA W\@.
Iodtrhthr iod udh a`prash axtardh eh f`pea`adthifùd ga W\@ sfkdfnfih iodtrhthr ud sarvfifo ga iodsuetoràh aspaifhefzhgo adihrkhgo ga fr f`pehdthdgo ad nhsas suiasfvhs ae `hdtadf`fadto proguitfvo tothe. Ad kadarhe, ud òdfio hsasor suaea sar sunfifadta. H vaias sa oiuph hsasorh`fadto h tfa`po io`peato, asto soeo as radthmea sf eh gae a`prash tfada `uijhsgaeeàdahs proguitfvhs. Eo jhmftuhe as quaparo ae hsasorh`fadto y ae tutaehba proiaso eo puagh jhiar h tfa`po phrifhe, gagfihdgo `ès tfa`po he prfdifpfo y gabhdgo poio h poio ad `hdos gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd ae efgarhzko gae proyaito ga f`pehdthifùd EH \QAYWH AD @H]IJH GAE \EHD GA @HDWADF@FADWO.
Kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto y puasth ad `hrijh gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. Hkruphifùd ga thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto ad tfpos. ]odghs gfhrfhs. Whrahs sa`hdheas y `adsuheas.
Whrahs hduheas. Aba`peo ga astruiturh ga pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. \uasth ad `hrijh gae pehd. \roiagf`fadtos ga rahefzhifùd. Fdnor`as trhs eh rahefzhifùd ga kh`hs. \ehdfnfihifùd ga eh abaiuifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Hkruphifùd ga ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto ad kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Qdh vaz aehmorhgh eh efsth ga thrahs qua io`podgrèd ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto, sakòd sa jh gatheehgo ad eos hphrthgos hdtarforas, as iodvadfadta hkruphrehs, h nfd ga nhifefthr su abaiuifùd. Eh hkruphifùd ga thrahs, th`mfæd gado`fdhghs kh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto, puaga jhiarsa tadfadgo ad iuadth eos sfkufadtas hspaitos2 Whrahs qua gamhd sar rahefzhghs por pronasfodheas ga eh `fs`h aspaifhefghg. Wadgra`os kh`hs aeæitrfihs, `aièdfihs, ga fdstru`adthifùd, ga eumrfihifùd, ga hbusta, ga ihefmrhifùd, ati. Whrahs hkruphghs por nraiuadifhs ga rahefzhifùd. Asto ghrè eukhr h kh`hs gfhrfhs, sa`hdheas, `adsuheas, hduheas, ati.
7;
]odghs gfhrfhs.
Ehs rodghs gfhrfhs iodtfadad thrahs qua sa rahefzhd nèife`adta. Eh `hyor phrta ga aeehs sa ranfarad h iodtroeas vfsuheas (rufgos y vfmrhifodas axtrhøhs, iodtroe vfsuhe ga nukhs), `agfifodas (to`hs ga ghtos, iodtroe ga gatar`fdhgos phrè`atros) y paquaøos trhmhbos ga ef`pfazh y/o adkrhsa. Ad kadarhe, toghs ehs thrahs puagad jhiarsa iod eos aqufpos ad y par`ftad `hrijh.AdYod eh mhsa ud muadh ihmo `hdtadf`fadto pra vadtfvo, pehdth. kadarhe, sodgaeeavhghs por ae parsodhe ga oparhifodas.
―eeavhr he gàh‐
eh
\or eh krhd ihdtfghg ga phpae qua kadarhd (ae 6<% gae tothe he ihmo ga ud høo), do as iodvadfadta qua astæd fdieufghs ad ae sfsta`h fdnor`ètfio ga Kastfùd ga @hdtadf`fadto Hsfstfgo por Orgadhgor. As `ès prèitfio kadarhr asths kh`hs ga nor`h `hduhe. Yf sa kadarhrhd h phrtfr gae sfsta`h fdnor`ètfio jhmràh qua io`peathr togo ae ifieo ga udh orgad ga trhmhbo (hparturh, hpromhifùd, ihrkh ga ghtos, ifarra, hpromhifùd gae ifarra, ati.)3 togo asta asnuarzo do astè bustfnfihgo, puas kadarh ga`hsfhgo trhmhbo muroirètfio qua do høhga dfdkòd vheor. Wrhs eh rahefzhifùd ga toghs ehs kh`hs gfhrfhs as iodvadfadta raeeadhr ud phrta ga fdifgadifhs, ad ae qua sa raneabad toghs ehs hdo`heàhs omsarvhghs ad eh pehdth. H phrtfr ga asa phrta,adihrkhgo udh parsodh `hdgo ga `hdtadf`fadto) o ae propfo oparhrfo ga hutorfzhgh rahefzhr ehs(ud ruths gamafdtar`agfo kadarhr thdths ùrgadas ga trhmhbo io`o hdo`heàhs jhyh adiodtrhgo. Whrahs sa`hdheas y `adsuheas.
Ehs kh`hs sa`hdheas y `adsuheas iodta`pehd thrahs `ès io`pefihghs, qua do astè bustfnfihgo rahefzhr h gfhrfo. F`pefihd ad hekudos ihsos gas`odthbas, phrhghs ga aqufpos o to`hs ga ghtos `ès ehmorfoshs. As ae ihso ga ef`pfazhs fdtarforas qua daiasftad gae gas`odthba ga gatar`fdhgos aea`adtos, o `agfghs gae iodsu`o ga ud `otor (`agfgh ga iorrfadta aeæitrfih) ad zodhs ga hiiaso io`pefihgo, ati. Wh`mfæd fdieuyad thrahs qua do sa bustfnfih rahefzhr h gfhrfo, io`o eos adkrhsas. Whrahs hduheas.
Yupodad ad hekudos ihsos udh ravfsfùd io`peath gae aqufpo (gado`fdhgo h `adugo por su tær`fdo ad fdkeæs, Ovarjhue), y ad otros, eh rahefzhifùd ga udh sarfa ga thrahs qua do sa bustfnfih rahefzhr iod udh parfogfifghg `ador. As ae ihso ga ih`mfos ga rogh`fadtos, ef`pfazh fdtarfor ga udh mo`mh, `agfifùd ga aspasoras ad gapùsftos, aqufefmrhgo ga hsphs ga ud vadtfehgor, por ifthr hekudos aba`peos. Yfa`pra supodad eh phrhgh gae aqufpo gurhdta vhrfos gàhs, por eo qua as daiashrfo astugfhr ae `o`adto `ès hgaiuhgo phrh rahefzhrehs.
7:
Aba`peo ga astruiturh ga pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe paquaøh o udh udfghg ga proguiifùd gadtro ga otrh `hyor, pogràh iodsthr ga ehs thrahs, rodghs a fdspaiifodas qua sa raneabhd ad eh Whmeh sfkufadta2 WH]AH/HIIFÙD.
]AY\ODYHMEA GA ]AHEFRHIFÙD.
]odgh gfhrfh.
\arsodhe ga oparhifùd.
Fdspaiifùd `adsuhe iod pehdth ad \arsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto. `hrijh. Fdspaiifùd `adsuhe iod pehdth phrhgh. \arsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto jhmftuhe. Whrah trf`astrhe
\arsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto jhmftuhe.
Whrah sa`astrhe
\arsodh ga `hdtadf`fadto jhmftuhe.
Whrah hduhe.
\arsodhe jhmftuhe, ranorzhgo iod tæidfios axtardos y sumiodtrhths (outsourifdk).
Krhdgas ravfsfodas (ovarjhue).
Wæidfios axtardos aspaifhefzhgos (outsourifdk).
\uasth ad `hrijh gae pehd.
Qdh vaz raghithgo ae pehd jhy qua podareo ad `hrijh. Do as astrfith`adta daiashrfo hihmhr ga raghithr ae pehd phrh podar ad `hrijh ihgh udh ga ehs athphs o thrahs qua eo io`podad. \hrh podareo ad `hrijh, as daiashrfo tadar ad iuadth vhrfhs ioshs2 8. Jhy qua hsakurhrsa ga qua togo eo qua sa fdgfih ad æe as rahefzhmea. As `uy jhmftuhe qua qufad raghith ae pehd y qufad eo abaiuth sahd parsodhs gfstfdths, iod puastos gfstfdtos. Qdh vaz raghithgo æsta y hdtas ga podareo ad `hrijh jhy qua io`promhr ihgh udh ga ehs thrahs, nfbhdgo eos rhdkos ga `agfgh qua sa adtadgarèd io`osaiorraitos, hdothdgo jarrh`fadths sod daiashrfhs, ae tfa`po qua daiasfth phrh eeavhrehs h ihmo ihgh udhqua ga aeehs. Jhy kh`hshdothdgo qua do sa pogrèd io`promhr fd`agfhth`adta, porqua f`pefquad phrhghs proeodkhghs gae aqufpo. Eh òdfih hetardhtfvh as asparhr h qua sa puaghd rahefzhr, y io`promhr gurhdta su rahefzhifùd eh fgodafghg ga ihgh udh ga ehs thrahs, hdothdgo toghs ehs omsarvhifodas qua puaghd rasuethr fdtarashdtas. =. Jhy qua gasfkdhr udh o vhrfhs parsodhs qua sa adihrkhrèd ga su rahefzhifùd. Ihgh athph gama tadar ud raspodshmea phrh su rahefzhifùd, iodthdgo iod raiursos hgfifodheas h eos jhmftuheas, sf as praifso. 9. Jhy qua rahefzhr udh hiifùd nor`htfvh phrh eh puasth ad `hrijh ga ihgh udh ga ehs hiifodas, axpefihdgo iehrh`adta ae heihdia ga ihgh udh ga ehs thrahs y quæ jhiar ad ihso ga adiodtrhr hdo`heàhs 7. Gurhdta ehs prf`arhs sa`hdhs trhs eh puasth ad `hrijh, jhy qua suparvfshr eh rahefzhifùd, jhmehdgo iod ae parsodhe adihrkhgo ga rahefzhrehs, y hdothdgo sus 76
sukaradifhs y io`adthrfos. Wrhs eos prf`aros gàhs ga hpefihifùd, a`pazhrèd h surkfr ih`mfos he pehd fdfifhe. Ae sfsta`h ga ravfsfùd gae pehd gama sar sunfifadta`adta èkfe phrh pogar fr fdtroguifadgo ih`mfos h `agfgh qua sa fgadtfnfquad sus posfmfefghgas ga `aborh. Eos prf`aros ih`mfos sa ranarfrèd somra togo h thrahs qua do puaghd sar rahefzhghs, h thrahs qua sa jhd oevfghgo y qua pugfarh sar daiashrfo òtfe rahefzhr, h rhdkos ga `agfgh fdiorraitos, h jarrh`fadths y `htarfheas do fdieufgos ad eh efsth ga ioshs h praphrhr, h iorraiifodas ad ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh su rahefzhifùd, adtra otrhs. @ès thrga, ehs iorraiifodas sar orahefzhrèd phrh axieufr qua doio`o jhd ga`ostrhgo sar òtfeas o radthmeas, phrh fdieufr thrahs thrahs qua surbhd iodsaiuadifh ga hvaràhs y promea`hs qua sa jhyhd prasadthgo, y qua pugfarhd avfthrsa iod hekudh `agfgh pravadtfvh. 1. Do as daiashrfo podar ad nudifodh`fadto toghs ehs athphs h eh vaz. As `uijo `ès anaitfvo podareo ad `hrijh ga nor`h asiheodhgh, por parfogfifghgas, por èrahs o por nraiuadifhs. Ga asth nor`h, sa puaga podar ad `hrijh ad prf`ar eukhr ehs rodghs gfhrfhs3 udh vaz hsf`fehghs asths, puaga iodtfduhrsa por ehs kh`hs `adsuheas iod pehdth ad `hrijh, ati.
\roiagf`fadtos ga rahefzhifùd.
Qdh vaz raghithghs ehs athphs, y pranarfmea`adta gaspuæs ga podarehs ad `hrijh y jhmar rahefzhgo gfvarshs iorraiifodas, puaga sar iodvadfadta, sf sa gfspoda ga eos raiursos daiashrfos, proiagf`fadtos ad eos qua sa axpefqua iù`o sa eeavhd h ihmo ihgh udh ga ehs thrahs qua fdieuyad. As iodvadfadta gasirfmfr iehrh`adta h qua aea`adto sa ranfara ihgh thrah (iod eh fdgfihifùd ga su iùgfko)3 ad ihso ga `agfifodas, io`o sa rahefzh asth y iuèeas sod eos rhdkos hiapthmeas3 quæ òtfeas y `htarfheas as daiashrfo praphrhr3 quæ praihuifodas jhy qua tadar ad eos `odthbas3 iuèeas sod eos vheoras qua gama`os raspathr ad eos rakehbas ga aea`adtos3 ati. Ad oihsfodas puaga sar iodvadfadta raghithr ud proiagf`fadto por ihgh athph3 ad otrhs, sarè `ès iodvadfadta hkruphrehs por nraiuadifhs, por aspaifhefghgas, o por èrahs, y raghithr ud proiagf`fadto por ihgh udo ga eos krupos rasuethdtas. Fdnor`as trhs eh rahefzhifùd ga ehs thrahs.
Eh rahefzhifùd ga ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto gama sar io`peathgh iod eh raghiifùd ga ud fdnor`a ad ae qua sa gatheead toghs ehs hdo`heàhs adiodtrhghs y toghs ehs raphrhifodas qua sa jhd anaituhgo o qua sod daiashrfhs. Ad asta fdnor`a sa gamad gatheehr togos eos phrè`atros omsarvhgos nuarh ga rhdko, toghs ehs omsarvhifodas ranaradtas h nukhs, vfmrhifodas y rufgos hdù`heos, nheehs adiodtrhghs, y iuhequfar omsarvhifùd qua puagh sar ga fdtaræs. \ostarfor`adta, udh parsodh hutorfzhgh gama ravfshr asta fdnor`a y a`ftfr thdths ùrgadas ga trhmhbo io`o hdo`heàhs sa jhyhd gataithgo.
1<
Asta phso tfada udh f`porthdifh trhsiadgadthe. Yf do sa rahefzh ud fdnor`a o he `ados ud rasu`ad ga iodieusfodas o ga jheehzkos gurhdta eh rahefzhifùd ga ehs thrahs, su anaitfvfghg gfs`fduya ador`a`adta. \ehdfnfihifùd ga eh abaiuifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Qdh vaz aehmorhgo ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto, as daiashrfo pehdfnfihr eh rahefzhifùd ga asta pehd. \ehdfnfihr sfkdfnfih gatar`fdhr iuèdgo y qufæd rahefzhrè ihgh udh ga ehs athphs o thrahs qua io`podad ae pehd. Eh pehdfnfihifùd ga ehs thrahs gfhrfhs as `uy sadifeeh2 por ganfdfifùd, jhy qua rahefzhrehs togos eos gàhs, por eo qua sarè daiashrfo sf`pea`adta gatar`fdhr h quæ jorhs sa rahefzhrèd, y qufæd as ae raspodshmea ga eeavhrehs h ihmo. Eh pehdfnfihifùd ga ehs thrahs sa`hdheas axfka gatar`fdhr quæ gàh ga eh sa`hdh sa abaiuth ihgh udh ga aeehs, y io`o sfa`pra, qufad sarè ae raspodshmea ga rahefzhreh. As `uy f`porthdta gatar`fdhr iod praifsfùd asta axtra`o. Yf sa aehmorh udh thrah, paro do sa gatar`fdh iod iehrfghg qufæd o qufædas sod eos raspodshmeas ga rahefzhreh, asthra`os gabhdgo fdgatar`fdhifodas qua sa trhguifrèd, ihsf fdvhrfhmea`adta, ad su do-rahefzhifùd. \hrh hsakurhr qua udh thrah sa rahefzhrè as daiashrfo, puas2 Nfbhr qufæd as ae raspodshmea ga rahefzhreh. Hsakurhrsa ga qua ad ae `o`adto ad qua tadkh qua rahefzhreh do tadgrè otrh thrah qua rahefzhr.
Ehs thrahs `adsuheas sod heko `ès gfnàifeas ga prokrh`hr, y ad kadarhe, tadgra`os qua jhiareo iod ifarto `hrkad. \uaga sar iodvadfadta, por aba`peo, prokrh`hr eh sa`hdh gae `as ad qua sa rahefzhrè ihgh thrah `adsuhe, par`ftfadgo qua, h `agfgh qua sa hiarqua eh naijh ga rahefzhifùd, puagh prokrh`hrsa iod `ès axhitftug. Ehs thrahs hduheas th`mfæd gamad prokrh`hrsa fkuhe`adta iod `hrkad ga `hdfomrh, `hyor fdieuso qua ae hdtarfor. Ad asta ihso, puaga sar iodvadfadta prokrh`hr thd soeo ae `as ad qua sa rahefzhrè eh thrah hduhe ga eos aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth. Yf sa gfspoda ga ud sontwhra ga kastfùd ga `hdtadf`fadto (K@HO), asth thrah as iodvadfadta jhiareh fkuhe`adta somra soporta phpae, y gaspuæs trhdsnarfr eos ghtos he prokrh`h.
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Arroras jhmftuheas ad eh aehmorhifùd a f`pea`adthifùd ga pehdas ga `hdtadf`fadto.
He aehmorhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto phrh udh pehdth duavh o udh pehdth fdgustrfhe qua dudih jh tadfgo udo, ad `uijhs oihsfodas ae proyaito nrhihsh. As gaifr2 sa pratadga `aborhr eos rasuethgos ga eh proguiifùd y gae `hdtadf`fadto `agfhdta eh f`pehdthifùd ga ud `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo qua hyuga h nfhmfefzhr eh pehdth, y ae proyaito tar`fdh hmhdgodèdgosa o abaiutèdgosa sfd rasuethgos hphradtas. Hihmh iod ud bana ga `hdtadf`fadto qua tfrh eh ¡Vh toheeh, iod hekudhs parsodhs rahifhs asta tfpo ga hituhifodas naefiftèdgosa y hnfr`hdgo2 eo gaiàh yo, ad asth a`prash aso ash f`posfmea! Arror 82 Yakufr ad axiaso ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas.
Ae prf`ar arror ad ae qua suaea iharsa h eh jorh ga praphrhr ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe as mhshr ae pehd òdfih`adta ad ehs raio`adghifodas ga eos nhmrfihdtas ga eos gfstfdtos aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth. As ud arror por tras rhzodas2 8. Ae nhmrfihdta do iodoia eh f`porthdifh raehtfvh ga ihgh aqufpo, por eo qua puaga axiagarsa o quaghrsa iorto h eh jorh ga propodar thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto.
=. Yu fdtaræs sa iadtrh somra togo ad qua ae aqufpo do nheea ad ae tfa`po ad qua æsta astè ad khrhdtàh. Ae fdtaræs gae propfathrfo as gfnaradta2 daiasfth qua ae aqufpo astæ ad sarvfifo gurhdta togh eh vfgh òtfe ga eh pehdth. 9. Ae sfsta`h ad su iodbudto daiasfth ga eh rahefzhifùd ga udh sarfa ga thrah s y pruamhs qua do astèd fdieufghs ad dfdkudo ga eos aqufpos por saphrhgo. \or aba`peo, sf tada`os = mo`mhs gupefihghs, suaea rasuethr fdtarashdta promhr parfùgfih`adta eh mo`mh qua par`hdaia phrhgh. Ae nhmrfihdta ga eh mo`mh dudih propodgrè asth thrah, adtra otrhs rhzodas porqua do shma iuèdths ga ashs mo`mhs jhy ad eh fdsthehifùd.
Qd muad pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto gama tadar ad iuadth ehs raio`adghifodas gae nhmrfihdta, iodsfgarhdgo hga`ès qua gurhdta ud parfogo fdfifhe eos aqufpos asthrèd ad khrhdtàh. \aro as `uijo `ès òtfe aehmorhr ae pehd mhsèdgosa ad ae hdèefsfs ga eos sfsta`hs y sus nheehs potadifheas, io`peathdgo asa pehd iod ehs raio`adghifodas gae nhmrfihdta. Arror =2 Orfadthr ae \ehd ga @hdtadf`fadto h aqufpos, ad vaz ga orfadthreo h sfsta`hs.
Iuhdgo ud pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto sa adnoih io`o ae `hdtadf`fadto ga ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos qua io`podad eh pehdth, ae rasuethgo suaea sar udh ihrkh ga trhmhbo muroirètfih fd`adsh, hga`ès ga ud pehd fdio`peato. F`hkfda`os udh pehdth qua tfada, gfkh`os, 1<<< ranaradifhs o àta`s y qua ranarf`os ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto h ihgh udo ga astos àta`s (ud àta` puaga sar ud `otor, udh mo`mh, udh vèevueh, ud fdstru`adto). Aso supoda udhs 6<,<<< thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto (u ùrgadas ga trhmhbo tfpo) qua eeakhràhd h kadarhr `ès ga 7, <<<,<<< ga ùrgadas ad ud soeo høo (udhs 88,<<< gfhrfhs). Ae trhmhbo muroirètfio y eh io`pefihifùd ga `hdabhr the ihdtfghg ga ùrgadas saràhd f`posfmeas. Eh aehmorhifùd ga ehs thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto do sa hihmhràh dudih, ae 1=
pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto sfa`pra asthràh fdio`peato, y hituhefzhreo sarè udh ehmor ihsf frrahefzhmea. Eh soeuifùd `ès fdtarashdta iodsfsta ad do ranarfr ae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto h ihgh udo ga eos àta`s qua io`podad eh pehdth, sfdo gfvfgfr eh pehdth ad èrahs o sfsta`hs, y ranarfr ae pehd h ihgh udh ga aeehs. Arror 92 Do iodthr iod ae parsodhe ga Oparhifùd phrh ae `hdtadf`fadto gfhrfo . Ae trhmhbo gfhrfo (thrahs gfhrfhs), somra togo ae ga mhbh iuhefnfihifùd, gamaràh sar sfa`pra rahefzhgo por ae parsodhe ga oparhifùd. Asto hyugh, por ud ehgo, h gfs`fdufr eh ihrkh ga trhmhbo gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto, ihrkhdgo sùeo efkarh`adta he parsodhe ga oparhifùd. Hga`ès, ae trhmhbo ga oparhifùd ad udh pehdth thd huto`htfzhgh io`o puaga eeakhr h sar udh pehdth fdgustrfhe puaga rasuethr hmurrfgo. Ae jaijo ga qua eos tæidfios ga oparhifodas rahefiad ae trhmhbo gfhrfo, qua suaea iodsfstfr ad fdspaiifodas vfsuheas, ef`pfazhs, eaiturhs, to`hs ga ghtos, ati., hyugh h jhiar `ados hmurrfgo ae puasto ga oparhgor, h eh vaz qua ea jhia tadar ud iodoif`fadto `hyor ga eo qua oiurra ad eh pehdth.
Arror 72 Iraar qua ae sontwhra ga `hdtadf`fadto (K@HO) `hdtfada eh pehdth fdgustrfhe.
Qd prokrh`h ga kastfùd ga `hdtadf`fadto as udh jarrh`fadth, io`o ud gastordfeehgor o udh eehva. A fkuhe`adta qua ae gastordfeehgor y eh eehva, qua do `hdtfadad eh pehdth sfdo qua sa utfefzhd phrh `hdtadareh, eh f`pehdthifùd ga ud prokrh`h ga iù`puto por sà `fs`o do `aborh ae `hdtadf`fadto ga eh pehdth. As `ès2 ad `uijhs oihsfodas, eh `hyoràh, eo a`paorh. Iuhdgo eh jarrh`fadth fdnor`ètfih astè `he f`pehdthgh kadarh krhd ihdtfghg ga trhmhbo muroirètfio qua do hporth dfdkòd vheor df dfdkudh fdnor`hifùd òtfe phrh eh to`h ga gaifsfodas. Ya puaga hnfr`hr sfd ta`or he arror qua ad eh `hyoràh ga ehs pehdths fdgustrfheas ga th`høo paquaøo o `agfhdo ud sontwhra ga `hdtadf`fadto sa vuaeva ud astormo, y qua as `uijo `ès prèitfio rahefzhr eh kastfùd ad phpae iod eh hyugh ga hekudh jobh ga ièeiueo o io`o `uijo udh paquaøh mhsa ga ghtos gashrroeehgh iod iodoif`fadtos ga usuhrfo. Arror 12 Wrhthr ga rakfstrhr ad eh io`puthgorh eos rasuethgos ga fdspaiifodas gfhrfhs y sa`hdheas.
]akfstrhr eos rasuethgos ga ehs thrahs gfhrfhs do hporth prèitfih`adta dfdkòd vheor h eh fdnor`hifùd, y supoda ud trhmhbo muroirètfio fd`adso. Wogo ae proiaso ga kadarhifùd y ifarra ga thrahs gfhrfhs puaga supodar `ès trhmhbo qua ae daiashrfo phrh rahefzhr eh thrah. As `uijo `ès prèitfio `hdtadar asths thrahs he `hrkad gae sfsta`h fdnor`ètfio, ad hrijfvo ga phpae.
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Arror >2 Do f`pefihr he parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto ad eh aehmorhifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Hudqua do as hmsoeuth`adta daiashrfo qua ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto sah ae adihrkhgo ga eh aehmorhifùd gae pehd ga `hdtadf`fadto (as `ès, h vaias as ud promea`h iodthr iod asta parsodhe phrh eh aehmorhifùd ga ehs thrahs, porqua suaea asthr somraihrkhgo ga trhmhbo iorraitfvo), rahefzhreo h sus aspheghs puaga hihrrahr ud raijhzo he pehd por phrta ga eos tæidfios gaga`hdtadf`fadto. Asa raijhzo trhguifrè ga rfkor, ga`orh ad eh rahefzhifùd ehs thrahs, y nfdhe`adta, ad ae sa hmhdgodo gae ad pehdnheth pravadtfvo. Arror ;2 Nheth ga `adthefzhifùd pravadtfvh gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Yf eos tæidfios ga `hdtadf`fadto astèd `uy hiostu`mrhgos h orkhdfzhr su trhmhbo ad mhsa he `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo, do as nèife ih`mfhr ash tadgadifh. Eh vfsfùd qua puagad tadar gae `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo as ga ―pærgfgh ga tfa`po‐ , o he `ados, ga asthr gagfihdgo asnuarzos h thrahs ga f`porthdifh `ador qua eo rahe`adta f`porthdta, asto as, eh raphrhifùd ga hvaràhs. Ih`mfhr asth tadgadifh y ash `adthefghg do as dhgh nèife, y ad `uijhs oihsfodas puaga sar daiashrfh eh sustftuifùd ga asa parsodhe sfd orfadthifùd he `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo por otro parsodhe `ès hmfarto. As trfsta raiodoiareo, paro ae parsodhe `ès bovad (o ae ga `ès raifadta fdiorporhifùd h eh a`prash) suaea sar `ès proiefva heoorfadthr su trhmhbo jhifhkadarhifodhe ae `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo qua ae`ès ga vatarhdo. `ès aghg \asa y axparfadifh, iuhe no`adth ae raeavo y iodgadh he parsodhe h jhmareo fdgfihgo ad òetf`o eukhr, asta as ud promea`h `ès nraiuadta y `ès krhva ga eo qua pugfarh phraiar.
AE \]AYQ\QAYWO GA @HDWADF@FADWO. AEHMO]HIFÙD GAE \]AYQ\QAYWO HDQHE GA @HDWADF@FADWO.
Ae prasupuasto ga ud gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto gamaràh iodsthr ga he `ados 7 phrtfghs2 `hdo ga omrh, `htarfheas, `agfos y jarrh`fadths y sarvfifos iodtrhthgos. \or supuasto, qua puaga jhmar sum phrtfghs, otrhs gfvfsfodas, ati., paro gfvfgfreo ad asths iuhtro puaga rasuethr sadifeeo y prèitfio2 8. @hdo ga omrh.
Ae iosto ga parsodhe as eh su`h ga ifdio iodiaptos2
Ae f`porta mruto hduhe nfbo raifmfgo por ihgh udo ga eos trhmhbhgoras gae gaphrth`adto. \rf`hs, jorhs axtrhs y ihdtfghgas iomrhghs ad iodiapto ga gfspodfmfefghg phrh trhmhbhr o raifmfr eeh`hghs ga prasadthifùd urkadta. Khstos ga parsodhe hsoifhgos h eh `hdo ga omrh , io`o ae trhdsporta gae parsodhe jhsth eh pehdth (ad hekudos phàsas y rakfodas, asta iosto iorra por iuadth ga eh a`prash) ehs gfaths y khstos gae parsodhe gaspehzhgo, jorhs axtrhs, ati. 17
Iostos ga nor`hifùd. Asta hphrthgo, phrh a`prashs iod udh kastfùd axiaeadta y praoiuphgh por ae radgf`fadto y eh `otfvhifùd ga su parsodhe as udh phrtfgh f`porthdta. @uijos phàsas, aspaifhe`adta ad Auroph, sumvadifodhd nuarta`adta ehs hiifodas nor`htfvhs, ga nor`h qua phrh eh a`prash puagad eeakhr h tadar ud iosto mhbo. Eos iostos soifheas omefkhtorfos phrh eh a`prash, qua sod hmodhgos gfraith`adta por eh a`prash h eh hg`fdfstrhifùd.
\hrh ae ièeiueo gae iosto soifhe gae trhmhbhgor sod posfmeas gos sftuhifodas2
h) Xua do supara eh mhsa `èxf`h ga iotfzhifùd . Ad asa ihso, ae iosto soifhe sa iheiueh io`o ud poriadthba ga su suaego mruto hduhe. m) Xua supara eh mhsa `èxf`h ga iotfzhifùd . Ad asta ihso, ae iosto soifhe as udh ihdtfghg nfbh fdgapadgfadta gae suaego.
=. @htarfheas.
As eh su`h ga togos eos rapuastos y iodsu`fmeas daiashrfos gurhdta ae parfogo qua sa pratadga prasupuasthr. Eosyiodiaptos qua Eh gamad sar su`hgos puagad asthrashkruphgos ad gos ihtakoràhs2 ]apuastos, Iodsu`fmeas. gfnaradifh adtra udos y otros mèsfih`adta eh nraiuadifh ga uso. @fadtrhs eos sakudgos sa utfefzhd ga nor`h iodtfduh, y do tfadad por quæ asthr hsoifhgos h ud aqufpo ad phrtfiuehr, eos prf`aros sa utfefzhd ad iodthghs oihsfodas y sà astèd raehifodhgos iod ud aqufpo ad phrtfiuehr (ad oihsfodas iod `ès ga udo). Ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe jhmftuhe æsths saràhd ehs phrtfghs ga `htarfheas qua jhmràh qua tadar ad iuadth phrh praphrhr ae prasupuasto hduhe2 =.8. ]apuastos.
]apuastos dor`heas. Ya trhth ga aqufpos astèdghr, y puaga sar hgqufrfgo h vhrfos nhmrfihdtas, por eo qua eos praifos suaead sar `ès io`patftfvos
Yuaea sar udh por ga ehs phrtfghs `ès ad axieusfvh, udh iadtrhequa ga ]apuastos aspaifheas ifieo io`mfdhgo. Yod. su`fdfstrhgos ae nhmrfihdta gaeaeavhghs aqufpo ad he do tadar io`patadifh, trhmhbh iod `èrkadas ga madanfifo aeavhgos.
Ad oihsfodas, aspaifhe`adta ad pehdths heabhghs ga ehs prfdifpheas zodhs ga su`fdfstro, as f`porthdta iodsfgarhr eos iostos ga trhdsporta ga `htarfheas jhsth eh pehdth, puas puagad eeakhr h sar iodsfgarhmeas
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=.= Iodsu`fmeas.
Eos iodsu`fmeas `ès jhmftuheas sod eos sfkufadtas2
Hiaftas y eumrfihdtas. Nfetros ga hfra, hiafta, ati. Aea`adtos ga asthdquafghg. Gfvarso `htarfhe aeæitrfio. ga narrataràh. Gfvarso `htarfhe Iodsu`fmeas ga theear. ]oph ga trhmhbo. Aqufpos y Aea`adtos ga sakurfghg. Io`mustfmea phrh vajàiueos. Otros `htarfheas.
9. Jarrh`fadths y `agfos tæidfios.
As eh su`h gae gfdaro qua sa pravæ a`peahr ad eh raposfifùd ga jarrh`fadth y `agfos tæidfios axtrhvfhgos o gatarforhgos, o ad eh hgqufsfifùd ga duavos `agfos. Jhy qua tadar ad iuadth qua astos `agfos puagad sar io`prhgos o hequfehgos. Ehs phrtfghs hezhghs h iodsfgarhr ad io`prhs sarèd tras2
]aposfifùd ga jarrh`fadth. Hgqufsfifùd ga duavh jarrh`fadth y `agfos tæidfios. Hequfear ga `hqufdhrfh.
Ad kadarhe, eos `agfos hequfehgos suaead sar `agfos qua do sa utfefzhd ga nor`h iodtfduh ad eh pehdth, y qua por thdto, eh nraiuadifh ga su uso gashiodsabh su hgqufsfifùd. Yuaea trhthrsa, ad eh `hyoràh ga eos ihsos ga `agfos ga aeavhifùd y trhdsporta2
Kròhs, `odthihrkhs. Hequfear ga otros aqufpos.
7. Hsfstadifhs axtardhs (outsourifdk).
Eos trhmhbos qua jhmftuhe`adta sa iodtrhthd h a`prashs axtardhs sod eos sfkufadtas2 @hdo ga omrh ad pudths ga trhmhbo h a`prashs kadarhefsths. Asth `hdo ga omrh hgfifodhe par`fta neaxfmfefzhr eh pehdtfeeh ga `hdarh qua ae gaphrth`adto puagh gf`adsfodhrsa phrh udh ihrkh ga trhmhbo gatar`fdhgh, y iumrfr eos `o`adtos ga `hyor daiasfghg ga `hdo ga omrh iod parsodhe axtardo.
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@hdo ga omrh iodtrhthgh ga nor`h iodtfdòh h a`prashs kadarhefsths. Jhmftuhe`adta, budto h eh pehdtfeeh jhmftuhe jhy parsodhe ga iodtrhths phrh ae trhmhbo jhmftuhe, eo qua par`fta gfs`fdufr eh pehdtfeeh propfh. @hdo ga omrh aspaifhefzhgh, ga nhmrfihdtas (fdieufgos khstos ga gaspehzh`fadto), phrh `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo. @hdo ga omrh aspaifhefzhgh, ga nhmrfihdtas (fdieufgos khstos ga gaspehzh`fadto) phrh `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo. Wrhmhbos ad theearas axtardos (momfdhgo ga `otoras, nhmrfihifùd ga pfazhs, ati.). Yarvfifos ga @hdtadf`fadto qua gamhd sar rahefzhgos por a`prashs qua iu`pehd gatar`fdhgos raqufsftos eakheas y/o dor`htfvos, y qua puaghd a`ftfr udh iartfnfihifùd ga jhmar rahefzhgo gatar`fdhgos trhmhbos. Adtra otros asthràhd2 iadtros ga ihrkh y gasphijo ga io`mustfmeas (khs E.\., khsoefdh, gfasae, ati.), fdsthehifùd ga sumasthifodas aeæitrfihs. Krhdgas ravfsfodas. Yuaea sar otrh ga ehs phrtfghs `ès f`porthdtas gae prasupuasto. Ae prasupuasto puaga iodtadar asth phrtfgh aspaifhe, o do iodtadareh y raphrtfreh ad sus gfnaradtas iodiaptos (`hdo ga omrh, `htarfheas, ati.).
1. Ae iu`pef`fadto gae prasupuasto.
Ga ehs iuhtro phrtfghs, eh `ès gfnàife ga astf`hr h prforf as eh ga `htarfheas (rapuastos y iodsu`fmeas), yh qua gapadga ador`a`adta ga eo qua sa hvaràa. Asth as hga`ès udh phrtfgh qua gapadga `uijo gae asthgo ga eh pehdth, ga eh f`pehdthifùd ga tæidfihs pravadtfvhs, gae gfsaøo y gae `odthba. Ad udh astf`hifùd rèpfgh, suaea asthr adtra ae <,1 y ae =% ga eos hitfvos nfbos, as gaifr, gae vheor ga eh pehdth. As eh qua `ès posfmfefghgas tfada ga optf`fzhifùd. Otrh phrtfgh vhrfhmea y promea`ètfih as eh ga hsfstadifhs axtardhs. Gapadga ador`a`adta ga eh poeàtfih ga sumiodtrhthifùd, ga eh aspaifhefzhifùd y ga eh nor`hifùd gae parsodhe, y ga eh ihdtfghg ga tæidfios ga qua gfspodkh ae gaphrth`adto. Eh ga parsodhe, as nèife astf`hreh, paro sa suaead io`atar arroras iodsthdtas ad su prasupuasto qua gaspuæs irahd ador`as tadsfodas iod eh gfraiifùd nfdhdifarh o iod qufad sah raspodshmea aiodù`fio o hg`fdfstrhtfvo ga eh pehdth. Yuaea sar jhmftuhe do tadar ad iuadth eos iostos ga prf`hs, jorhs axtrhs, khstos ga parsodhe, y th`mfæd suaea sar jhmftuhe do tadar ad iuadth qua eh fdnehifùd ga eh `hdo ga omrh aspaifhefzhgh as suparfor h eh `hrihgh phrh otros saitoras o phrh ae phàs. Eh ga `agfos, jarrh`fadths y hequfear ga aqufpos suaea sar nèife`adta prasupuasthmea y prasadth poihs gasvfhifodas.
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KAYWFÙD GAE @HDWADF@FADWO IO]]AIWF^O.
Do as posfmea kastfodhr hgaiuhgh`adta ud gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto sf do sa asthmeaia ud sfsta`h qua par`fth htadgar ehs daiasfghgas ga `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo (eh raphrhifùd ga hvaràhs) ga nor`h anfifadta. Ga poio sfrvad duastros asnuarzos phrh trhthr ga avfthr hvaràhs sf, iuhdgo asths sa proguiad, do so`os ihphias ga proporifodhr udh raspuasth Gama`ossaraiorghr, hga`ès, qua udgaheto poriadthba ga ehs jorhs gagfihghs hgaiuhgh. h `hdtadf`fadto a`peah ad eh soeuifùd nheehs ad eos aqufpos qua jo`mra do jhd sfgo gataithgos por parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto, sfdo io`udfihgos por ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd. Asta poriadthba vhràh `uijo adtra a`prashs2 gasga hquaeehs ad ehs qua ae 8<<% gae `hdtadf`fadto as iorraitfvo, do axfstfadgo df thd sfqufarh ud \ehd ga Eumrfihifùd, jhsth hquaeehs, `uy poihs, ad ehs qua toghs ehs fdtarvadifodas sod prokrh`hghs. Ga nor`h astf`htfvh, pogràh`os iodsfgarhr qua, ad pro`agfo, `ès gae ;<% gae tfa`po tothe gagfihgo h `hdtadf`fadto sa utfefzh phrh soeuifùd ga nheehs do prokrh`hghs. Kastfodhr iod anfihifh ae `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo sfkdfnfih2
]ahefzhr fdtarvadifodas iod rhpfgaz, qua par`fthd eh puasth ad `hrijh gae aqufpo ad ae `ador tfa`po posfmea (@WW] S8P, tfa`po `agfo ga raphrhifùd, mhbo).
]ahefzhr asths fdtarvadifodas nfhmeas, y hgopthr `agfghs phrh qua(@WMN do sa S=P, vuaevhd proguifr ad ud parfogo ga tfa`po sunfifadta`adta ehrko tfa`poh `agfo adtra nheehs, krhdga). Iodsu`fr eh `ador ihdtfghg posfmea ga raiursos (thdto `hdo ga omrh io`o `htarfheas).
Ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh eh puasth h pudto ga ud aqufpo trhs udh hvaràh sa gfstrfmuya ga eh sfkufadta `hdarh2 8. Wfa`po ga gataiifùd. As ae tfa`po qua trhdsiurra adtra ae orfkad gae promea`h y su gataiifùd. Jhy udh raehifùd adtra ae tfa`po ga gataiifùd y ae tfa`po ga rasoeuifùd tothe2 iuhdto hdtas sa gataita eh hvaràh, ad kadarhe, jhmrè ihushgo `ados ghøo y sarè `ès nèife y sfsta`hs `ès aiodù`fih su raphrhifùd. posfmeaadraguifr astafdfifhe, tfa`po io`o sf sa gashrroeehd qua par`fthd gataithrAs nheehs su nhsa fdspaiifodas rutfdhrfhs gfhrfhs, io`promhifùd ga phrè`atros ga nudifodh`fadto, y nor`hifùd hgaiuhgh gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd. =. Wfa`po ga io`udfihifùd. As ae tfa`po qua trhdsiurra adtra eh gataiifùd gae promea`h y eoihefzhifùd gae aqufpo ga `hdtadf`fadto. Asta parfogo sa va `uy hnaithgo por eos sfsta`hs ga fdnor`hifùd y ga io`udfihifùd iod ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto y iod sus raspodshmeas. Qdh muadh orkhdfzhifùd ga @hdtadf`fadto jhrè qua asta tfa`po sah `uy iorto, fdieuso gaspraifhmea ad ae tothe ga tfa`po trhdsiurrfgo. \hrh raguifr asta tfa`po, gama axfstfr ud sfsta`h ga io`udfihifùd èkfe, qua f`pefqua he `ador dò`aro ga parsodhs posfmea, y gama gfspodarsa ga `agfos qua par`fthd io`udfihrsa iod ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto sfd daiasfghg ga musihreo nàsfih`adta (taeænodos `ùvfeas, iaeuehras, rhgfos, `adsènodos o musihparsodhs, ati.). 1:
9. Wfa`po ga asparh. As ae tfa`po qua trhdsiurra gasga eh io`udfihifùd ga eh hvaràh jhsth ae fdfifo ga eh raphrhifùd. Fdieuya ae tfa`po ga asparh jhsth gfspodar ga oparhrfos qua puaghd htadgar eh fdifgadifh, eos trè`ftas muroirètfios daiashrfos phrh pogar fdtarvadfr (phrhgh ga eos aqufpos, soefiftug ga ùrgadas ga trhmhbo, omtadifùd gae \ar`fso ga Wrhmhbo, hfseh`fadto gae aqufpo, ati.) y ae trhsehgo gae parsodhe gasga godga sa adiuadtra jhsth ae eukhr godga sa jh proguifgo ae fdifgadta. Asta tfa`po sa va hnaithgo por vhrfos nhitoras2 dò`aro ga oparhrfos ga `hdtadf`fadto ga
qua sa gfspodkh, io`pefihifùd o sf`pefifghg gae sfsta`h kastfùd gagae ùrgadas trhmhbo, `agfghs ga sakurfghg qua sah daiashrfo hgopthr, ga y gfsthdifh theear ga `hdtadf`fadto h eh pehdth, adtra otrhs. As posfmea raguifr asta tfa`po sf ga gfspoda ga udh pehdtfeeh hgaiuhgh`adta gf`adsfodhgh, sf sa gfspoda ga ud sfsta`h èkfe ga kastfùd ga ùrgadas y ga omtadifùd ga par`fsos ga trhmhbo, y sf eh gfsthdifh gae theear jhsth eos aqufpos as `àdf`h (eh umfihifùd optf`h gae theear ga `hdtadf`fadto as, por aeeo, ae iadtro ga eh pehdth). 7. Gfhkdùstfio ga eh hvaràh . As ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh qua ae oparhrfo ga `hdtadf`fadto gatar`fda qua astè oiurrfadgo ad ae aqufpo y io`o soeuifodhreo. Asta tfa`po sa va hnaithgo por vhrfos nhitoras2 nor`hifùd y axparfadifh gae parsodhe, y por eh ihefghg ga eh goiu`adthifùd tæidfih gfspodfmea (pehdos, jfstorfheas ga hvaràhs, efsths ga hvaràhs y soeuifodas, ati.). As posfmea raguifr asta tfa`po sf sa gfspoda ga pehdos y `hduheas ad ehs proxf`fghgas ga eos aqufpos (do sfa`pra posfmea)gayehs sf sa aehmorhd ga proguifgo hvaràhs ad ad ehs aequaphshgo sa gatheead ihush y as soeuifùd hvaràhs quaefsths sa jhd o quasàdto`h, puaghd proguifrsa. 1. Hiopfo ga jarrh`fadths y `agfos tæidfios daiashrfos . Qdh vaz gatar`fdhgo qua jhy qua jhiar, ae parsodhe adihrkhgo ga eh raphrhifùd puaga daiasfthr ud tfa`po phrh sftuhr ad ae eukhr ga fdtarvadifùd eos `agfos qua daiasfta. Asta tfa`po suaea varsa hnaithgo por eh gfsthdifh gae eos theearas o eukhras ga he`hiadh`fadto ga eh jarrh`fadth he eukhr ga fdtarvadifùd, por eh pravfsfùd ga eos oparhrfos h eh jorh ga eeavhr iodsfko ae jarrh`adthe qua iraad puaghd daiasfthr iuhdgo sa eas io`udfih eh daiasfghg ga fdtarvadifùd y por eh ihdtfghg ga `agfos gfspodfmeas ad pehdth. \hrh raguifr asta tfa`po, as iodvadfadta sftuhr hgaiuhgh`adta eos theearas (var pudto hdtarfor), hgqufrfr iostu`mras eùkfihs, io`o hiugfr h ehs hvaràhs porthdgo ud ihbh ga jarrh`fadths astèdghr, y gothdgo ae theear iod eos `agfos qua puaghd sar daiashrfos tador gae ga aqufpos qua tadkh. As eh pehdth. >. hHiopfo ga tfpo rapuastos y `htarfheas ae tfa`po qua trhdsiurra jhsth eh eeakhgh gae `htarfhe qua sa daiasfth phrh rahefzhr eh fdtarvadifùd. Fdieuya ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh eoihefzhr ae rapuasto ad ae he`hiæd (ad ae ihso ga tadareo ad stoic), rahefzhr eos pagfgos partfdadtas (ad ihso ga do tadareo), phrh qua ae provaagor eos sftòa ad eh pehdth, phrh hiodgfifodhreos (ad ihso ga qua jhyh qua rahefzhr hekòd trhmhbo pravfo), phrh varfnfihr qua heihdzhd sus aspaifnfihifodas y phrh sftuhreos ad ae eukhr ga utfefzhifùd. Asta tfa`po sa va hnaithgo por eh ihdtfghg ga `htarfhe qua jhyh ad stoic, por eh orkhdfzhifùd gae he`hiæd, por eh hkfefghg gae gaphrth`adto ga io`prhs, y por eh ihefghg ga eos provaagoras. \hrh optf`fzhr asta tfa`po, sa gama tadar ud he`hiæd hgaiuhgh`adta gf`adsfodhgo y surtfgo, iod udh orkhdfzhifùd anfifadta, ud sarvfifo ga io`prhs rèpfgo, y iodthr iod udos provaagoras ga ihefghg y voihifùd ga sarvfifo. 16
;. ]aphrhifùd ga eh hvaràh . As ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh soeuifodhr ae promea`h surkfgo, ga `hdarh qua ae aqufpo quaga ad gfsposfifùd phrh proguifr. Ya va `uy hnaithgo por ae heihdia gae promea`h y por eos iodoif`fadtos y jhmfefghg gae parsodhe adihrkhgo ga su rasoeuifùd. \hrh optf`fzhr asta tfa`po as daiashrfo gfspodar ga ud sfsta`h ga `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo qua avfta hvaràhs ga krhd heihdia, y gfspodar ga ud parsodhe anfihz, `otfvhgo y `uy mfad nor`hgo. :. \ruamhs nudifodheas. As ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh io`promhr qua ae aqufpo jh quaghgo raphrhgo. Ae tfa`po a`peahgo ad ad rahefzhr pruamhs nudifodheashgaiuhgh`adta suaea sar udh muadh fdvarsfùd2 sf ud aqufpo do adtrh sarvfifo jhsth qua do sa jh io`promhgo qua iu`pea toghs sus aspaifnfihifodas, ae dò`aro ga ùrgadas ga trhmhbo gfs`fduya, y iod æe, togos eos tfa`pos gatheehgos ad eos pudtos 8 he >. Gapadga nudgh`adthe`adta ga ehs pruamhs qua sa gatar`fda qua gamad rahefzhrsa. \hrh optf`fzhr asta tfa`po as iodvadfadta gatar`fdhr iuèeas sod ehs `àdf`hs pruamhs qua sa gamad rahefzhr phrh io`promhr qua ae aqufpo jh quaghgo ad parnaiths iodgfifodas, y raghithr protoioeos o proiagf`fadtos ad qua sa gatheea iehrh`adta qua pruamhs as daiashrfo rahefzhr y io`o eeavhrehs h ihmo. 6. \uasth ad sarvfifo. As ae tfa`po qua trhdsiurra adtra eh soeuifùd io`peath ga eh hvaràh y eh puasth ad sarvfifo gae aqufpo. Astè hnaithgo por eh rhpfgaz y hkfefghg ga ehs io`udfihifodas. \hrh optf`fzhreo, fkuhe qua ad ae pudto =, as daiashrfo gfspodar ga sfsta`hs ga io`udfihifùd anfihias y ga sfsta`hs muroirètfios èkfeas qua do ad goiu`adthe `hrijh ga eos 8<. supodkhd ]aghiifùdudgaomstèiueo fdnor`ash.ehAepuasth sfsta`h gaaqufpos. `hdtadf`fadto gama raiokar he `ados eos fdifgadtas `ès f`porthdtas ga eh pehdth, iod ud hdèefsfs ad ae qua sa gatheead eos sàdto`hs, eh ihush, eh soeuifùd y ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs hgopthghs. Ad ae hphrthgo 7.1 Hdèefsfs ga Nheehs sa astugfh iod gatheea iù`o gamad sar astos fdnor`as. As nèife adtadgar qua ad ae tfa`po tothe jhsth eh rasoeuifùd gae fdifgadta o hvaràh, ae tfa`po ga raphrhifùd puaga sar `uy paquaøo ad io`phrhifùd iod ae tfa`po tothe. Wh`mfæd as nèife adtadgar qua eh Kastfùd ga @hdtadf`fadto fdneuya gaifsfvh`adta ad asta tfa`po2 he `ados ; ga eos 8< tfa`pos hdtarforas sa vad hnaithgos por eh orkhdfzhifùd gae gaphrth`adto. @uy poios Gaphrth`adtos ga @hdtadf`fadto ad ehs por a`prashs raiokad y hdhefzhd eos tfa`pos trhdsiurrfgos ad ihgh udh ga asths nhsas, eh io`pefihifùd qua supoda gfnaradifhr ihgh udo ga astos tfa`pos. Hudqua rahefzhr asths to`hs ga tfa`pos ad toghs ehs fdtarvadifodas iorraitfvhs puaga sar tagfoso y poio radthmea (tadgràh ud iosto aiodù`fio aeavhgo qua do asthràh bustfnfihgo iod eos hjorros qua sa puagad omtadar iod su astugfo), as f`porthdta rahefzhr `uastraos oihsfodheas phrh iodoiar io`o sa gfstrfmuya ae tfa`po ga dogfspodfmfefghg ga eos aqufpos proguitfvos. Ehs iodieusfodas puagad sar `uy vhefoshs phrh gaifgfr quæ hiifodas ga mhbo iosto puagad to`hrsa phrh raguifr ae tfa`po `agfo ga raphrhifùd ga eos aqufpos (@WW]). S8P Ae @WW] o tfa`po `agfo ga raphrhifùd sa trhth iod `ès gatheea ad ae hphrthgo 6.=, Fdgfihgoras ga Kastfùd. S=P Ae @WMN o tfa`po `agfo adtra nheehs sa trhth iod `ès gatheea ad ae hphrthgo 6.=, Fdgfihgoras ga Kastfùd.
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HYFKDHIFÙD GA \]FO]FGHGAY. Qdo ga eos promea`hs h pehdtahrsa he `o`adto ga kastfodhr hgaiuhgh`adta ehs ùrgadas ga trhmhbo iorraitfvhs as hsfkdhr prforfghgas h ehs gfnaradtas ùrgadas qua sa kadarhd. Ehs pehdtfeehs ga `hdtadf`fadto sod ihgh vaz `ès raguifghs, musihdgo ud eùkfio hjorro ad iostos. \or aeeo, do as posfmea tadar parsodhe asparhdgo ad ae theear ga `hdtadf`fadto h qua eeakua udh orgad trhmhbo phrh fdtarvadfr. sa proguia hvaràh, ae parsodhe kadarhe`adta astè ga trhmhbhdgo ad otrhs, y tfadaIuhdgo udh ifarth ihrkh ga udh trhmhbo hiu`uehgh. Ya jhia puas daiashrfo irahr ud sfsta`h qua par`fth fgadtfnfihr quæ hvaràhs sod `ès urkadtas y gamad sar htadgfghs ga nor`h prforfthrfh. Eos dfvaeas ga prforfghg puagad sar `uijos y `uy vhrfhgos, paro ad ihsf toghs ehs a`prashs qua posaad ud sfsta`h ga hsfkdhifùd ga prforfghgas sa asthmeaiad he `ados astos tras dfvaeas2
Hvaràhs urkadtas2 sod hquaeehs qua gamad rasoevarsa fd`agfhth`adta, sfd asparhs, puas ihushd ud krhva parbufifo h eh a`prash. Hvaràhs f`porthdtas, qua hudqua ihushd ud trhstordo he dor`he nudifodh`fadto ga eh pehdth puagad asparhr h qua toghs ehs hvaràhs urkadtas astæd rasuaeths.
\uaga qua iodvadfadta asparhr Hvaràhs iuyh prokrh`hrsa udh phrhgh gaesoeuifùd aqufpo, opuaga sf`pea`adta qua ae .trhstordo quasahihushd as paquaøo, y ash pranarfmea hiu`uehr otrhs ùrgadas somra ae `fs`o aqufpo.
Astos dfvaeas sa suaead sumgfvfgfr ad thdtos io`o puagh sar `ès hiodsabhmea phrh udh muadh kastfùd gae `hdtadf`fadto iorraitfvo Qdh vaz ganfdfgos eos dfvaeas ga prforfghg, as daiashrfo ganfdfr ud sfsta`h phrh hsfkdhr prforfghgas h ihgh hvaràh. @uijhs a`prashs do ganfdad iod iehrfghg asta sfsta`h, gabèdgoeo he bufifo sumbatfvo ga hekufad (prokrh`hgor, bana ga `hdtadf`fadto, adihrkhgo, ati.). Eh iodsaiuadifh ad `uijos ihsos as qua eh `hyor phrta ga ehs hvaràhs qua sa io`udfihd tfadad eh prforfghg `èxf`h S9P. Ae sfsta`h ga hsfkdhifùd ga prforfghgas gama sar gfsaøhgo he asthmeaiar eos dfvaeas, paro he `ados gamaràh tadar ad iuadth eos sfkufadtas pudtos2
Qdh hvaràh qua hnaita h eh sakurfghg ga ehs parsodhs y/o he `agfo h`mfadta gama sar iodsfgarhgh urkadta. Hsà, sf sa gataith qua udh sath ga a`arkadifh jh gabhgo ga nudifodhr, o ae soporta ga ud aea`adto qua puaga ihar onraia gughs somra su rasfstadifh, su prforfghg gamaràh sar `èxf`h Ehs hvaràhs qua supodad eh phrhgh ga aqufpos iràtfios por proguiifùd gamad sar iodsfgarhghs urkadtas. Ad hquaeeos aqufpos qua sahd iuaeeos ga motaeeh o ga eos qua gapadgh eh ihdtfghg proguifgh tothe, udh phrhgh gama sar htadgfgh ga nor`h pranaradta. Ad hquaeeos aqufpos iràtfios por proguiifùd ad eos qua sa gataita ud promea`h iuyh rasoeuifùd f`pefqua eh phrhgh gae aqufpo, paro qua puaghd sakufr nudifodhdgo >8
iorraith`adta, eh raphrhifùd gae promea`h gama asparhr h udh phrhgh gae aqufpo por otrh rhzùd. Ad aqufpos ragudghdtas, ad ihso ga sunrfr udh hvaràh ae aqufpo gupefihgo sa phsh h udh sftuhifùd ga irftfifghg ta`porhe gae aqufpo qua prasth sarvfifo. As ae ihso ga ehs mo`mhs ga hef`adthifùd ga udh ihegarh. Dor`he`adta, asths mo`mhs astèd gupefihghs, `hdtadfædgosa udh ga aeehs ad sarvfifo y eh otrh phrhgh por sf sa proguia udh nheeh ga eh mo`mh ad sarvfifo. Ad astos ihsos, eh mo`mh qua quagh ad nudifodh`fadto phshparo h sargama iràtfih. raphrhifùd ga eh mo`mh hvarfhgh do tfada eh `èxf`h irftfifghg, sar Eh raphrhgh ad iuhdto sa hihma iod ehs hvaràhs urkadtas
Ad eh nfkurh hgbudth sa gatheeh ud gfhkrh`h ga neubo phrh eh hsfkdhifùd ga prforfghgas, ad ud sfsta`h iod iuhtro dfvaeas ga prforfghg2 8. Dfvae 82 Hvaràhs urkadtas. ]aphrhifùd fd`agfhth. As prforfthrfh nradta h iuhequfar otrh hvaràh, h axiapifùd ga otrhs urkadtas. =. Dfvae =2 Hvaràhs f`porthdtas2 Do as daiashrfo qua eh raphrhifùd sah fd`agfhth, paro gama rahefzhrsa iuhdto hdtas. 9. Dfvae 92 Hvaràhs h prokrh`hr iod naijh gatar`fdhgh. 7.
prokrh`hr iod sa naijhproguzih do gatar`fdhgh. Yod hvaràhs iuyh Dfvae 72 Hvaràhs raphrhifùd gama hasparhr h qua udh phrhgh gae aqufpo. S9P Qdh iodoifgh a`prash gae saitor huxfefhr gae huto`ùvfe ganfdfù 1 dfvaeas ga prforfghg, ad ihso ga hvaràh. Eh h sfkdhifùd ga prforfghgas arh rahefzhgh por ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd. He ihmo ga udos `asas io`promù iù`o hekudos ga eos dfvaeas dudih nuarod ushgos, y ad ih`mfo, `ès gae :<% ga ehs hvaràhs tadàhd eh `èxf`h prforfghg, yh qua poios sa htravàhd h ihefnfihr ud h nheeh io`o do urkadta. Eos raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto gaifgfarod raguifr eos dfvaeas ga prforfghg h tras2 Qrkadtas, @uy Qrkadtas y Qrkadtàsf`hs, qua iodgubo h udh gfstrfmuifùd ga hvaràhs adtra eos tras dfvaeas `ès rhzodhmea2 thd soeo ae 9<% ga ehs hvaràhs nuarod ihefnfihghs io`o Qrkadtàsf`hs.
FDNO]@AY GA H^A]ÀHY. HDÈEFYFY GA H^A]ÀHY. 8. AE OMBAWF^O GAE HDÈEFYFY GA NHEEHY.
Ae hdèefsfs ga hvaràhs tfada io`o ombatfvo gatar`fdhr ehs ihushs qua jhd provoihgo gatar`fdhghs hvaràhs (somra togo ehs hvaràhs rapatftfvhs y hquaeehs iod ud heto iosto) phrh hgopthr `agfghs pravadtfvhs qua ehs avftad. As f`porthdta gasthihr ash gomea nudifùd gae hdèefsfs ga hvaràhs2
Gatar`fdhr ehs ihushs ga udh hvaràh. \ropodar `agfghs qua ehs avftad, udh vaz gatar`fdhghs asths ihushs.
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Eh `aborh ga eos rasuethgos ga `hdtadf`fadto phsh, daiashrfh`adta, por astugfhr eos fdifgadtas qua oiurrad ad eh pehdth y hporthr soeuifodas phrh qua do oiurrhd. Yf iuhdgo sa ro`pa udh pfazh sf`pea`adta sa ih`mfh por udh sf`fehr, sfd `ès, promhmea`adta sa astæ hituhdgo somra eh ihush qua progubo eh hvaràh, sfdo thd soeo somra ae sàdto`h. Eos hdhekæsfios do hitòhd somra ehs adnar`aghgas, sfdo somra sus sàdto`hs. Avfgadta`adta, sf udh pfazh sa ro`pa as daiashrfo sustftufreh2 paro sf sa pratadga rathrghr o avfthr eh nheeh as daiashrfo astugfhr eh ihush y hituhr somra aeeh. =. GHWOY XQA GAMAD ]AIO\FEH]YA HE AYWQGFH] QDH NHEEH.
Iuhdgo sa astugfh udh hvaràh as f`porthdta raiopfehr togos eos ghtos posfmeas gfspodfmeas. Adtra aeeos, sfa`pra gamad raiopfehrsa eos sfkufadtas2
Fdnor`a por`adorfzhgo ad ae qua sa `hdfnfasta quæ sa jfzo hdtas, gurhdta y gaspuæs ga eh hvaràh. As f`porthdta gatheehr eh jorh ad qua sa progubo, ae turdo qua asthmh prasadta (fdieuso eos oparhrfos qua `hdabhmhd ae aqufpo) y ehs hituhifodas qua sa eeavhrod h ihmo ad togo `o`adto. Gatheea ga toghs ehs iodgfifodas h`mfadtheas y axtardhs h eh `èqufdh2 ta`parhturh axtarfor, ju`aghg gfspoda ga ju`aghg aeeh), iodgfifodas ga ef`pfazhasthmfefghg gae aqufpo, ta`parhturh gae hkuh(sfgasaranrfkarhifùd, gae hfra io`prf`fgo, ga eh adarkàh aeæitrfih (sf jumo iortas, `firo iortas, o iuhequfar fdifgadifh gataithmea ad ae su`fdfstro ga adarkàh), ta`parhturh gae vhpor (sf ae aqufpo daiasfth ga asta neufgo), y ad kadarhe, ehs iodgfifodas ga iuhequfar su`fdfstro axtardo qua ae aqufpo daiasfta phrh nudifodhr. Òetf`os `hdtadf`fadtos pravadtfvos rahefzhgos ad ae aqufpo, gatheehdgo iuhequfar hdo`heàh adiodtrhgh. Otrhs nheehs qua jh tadfgo ae aqufpo ad ud parfogo gatar`fdhgo. Ad aqufpos ga heth nfhmfefghg, iod ud @WMN S8P heto, sarè daiashrfo ra`odthrsa h vhrfos høos htrès. Ad aqufpos iod ud @WMN mhbo, qua prasadthd mhsthdtas fdifgadifhs, mhsthrè iod gatheehr ehs nheehs oiurrfghs ae òetf`o høo. \or supuasto, sarè f`porthdta gasthihr hquaeehs nheehs fkuheas h ehs qua sa astugfh, h nfd ga pogar hdhefzhr eh nraiuadifh iod eh qua oiurrad.fdtardhs ad qua trhmhbhmh ae aqufpo. Yarè f`porthdta gasthihr ghtos Iodgfifodas io`o eh ta`parhturh y prasfùd h qua trhmhbhmh ae aqufpo, ihughe qua su`fdfstrhmh, y ad kadarhe, ae vheor ga iuhequfar vhrfhmea qua pogh`os `agfr. As f`porthdta iadtrhrsa ad eh zodh qua jh nheehgo, trhthdgo ga gatar`fdhr ehs iodgfifodas ad asa pudto, paro th`mfæd ad togo ae aqufpo, puas hekudhs nheehs tfadad su orfkad ad pudtos heabhgos ga eh pfazh qua jh nheehgo. Ad oihsfodas, iuhdgo eh nheeh as krhva y rapatftfvh, sarè daiashrfo `odthr udh sarfa ga sadsoras y rakfstrhgoras qua dos fdgfquad gatar`fdhghs vhrfhmeas ad togo `o`adto, yh qua ad `uijos ihsos eos fdstru`adtos ga `agfgh qua sa adiuadtrh fdsthehgos ad ae aqufpo do sod raprasadthtfvos ga eo qua astè oiurrfadgo ad ud pudto gatar`fdhgo. Ae rakfstro ga vheoras h vaias sa iodvfarta ad udh jarrh`fadth `uy òtfe, puas gatar`fdhghs iodgfifodas qua provoihd udh nheeh do sa ghd ad togo `o`adto sfdo ad parfogos `uy iortos (nrhiifodas ga sakudgo por aba`peo). As ae ihso ga eos koepas ga hrfata2 >9
provoihd hu`adtos ga prasfùd gurhdta parfogos `uy iortos qua eeakhd fdieuso h suparhr ad 8<<< vaias eh prasfùd jhmftuhe. Qdh vaz raiopfehgos togos eos ghtos gasirftos, sa puaga asthr ad gfsposfifùd ga gatar`fdhr eh ihush qua progubo eh nheeh. 9. IHQYHY GA EHY NHEEHY.
Ehs ihushs jhmftuheas ga ehs nheehs sod kadarhe`adta udh o vhrfhs ga asths iuhtro2 8. =. 9. 7.
\or udh nheeh ad ae `htarfhe. \or ud arror ju`hdo gae parsodhe ga oparhifùd. \or ud arror ju`hdo gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto. Iodgfifodas axtardhs hdù`hehs.
Ad oihsfodas, iodneuyad ad udh hvaràh `ès ga udh ga asths ihushs, eo qua io`pefih ad ifarto `ogo ae astugfo ga eh nheeh, puas h vaias as io`pefihgo gatar`fdhr iuèe nua eh ihush prfdifphe y iuheas tuvfarod udh fdneuadifh `ador ad ae gashrroeeo ga eh hvaràh. Nheehs ad ae `htarfhe.
Ya iodsfgarh qua sa jh proguifgo udh nheeh ad ae `htarfhe iuhdgo, trhmhbhdgo ad iodgfifodas hgaiuhghs, udh gatar`fdhgh pfazh quagh f`posfmfefthgh phrh prasthr su sarvfifo. Qd `htarfhe puaga nheehr ga `òetfpeas nor`hs2
\or gaskhsta. Ya gh ad pfazhs qua pfargad sus iuhefghgas iod ae uso, puas ihgh vaz qua adtrhd ad sarvfifo pfargad udh paquaøh porifùd ga `htarfhe. As ae ihso, por aba`peo, ga eos iobfdatas hdtfnrfiifùd. \or roturh. Ya proguia iuhdgo hpefih`os nuarzhs ga io`prasfùd o ga astfrh`fadto
hpuadta udh pfazh somraphshdgo eà`fta aeèstfio. As hae suihso judgf`fadto ga udo por somrapaso, por su aba`peo. Ehs roturhs vazgaepuagad sar gòitfeas nrèkfeas, gapadgfadgo ga qua axfsth, o do, ganor`hifùd gurhdta ae proiaso ga roturh. Hsà, ehs iarè`fihs, ad iodgfifodas dor`heas prasadthd roturhs nrèkfeas (ehs pfazhs puagad adihbhrsa parnaith`adta trhs eh roturh), `fadtrhs qua ae heu`fdfo prasadth udh roturh gòitfe, iod f`porthdtas ganor`hifodas ad ae proiaso qua f`pagfràhd raio`podar eh pfazh roth por sf`pea adihba ga eos rastos. \or nhtfkh. Gatar`fdhghs pfazhs sa adiuadtrhd so`atfghs h asnuarzos iàiefios ga prasfùd y/o astfrh`fadto, ad ae qua eh nuarzh hpefihgh do as iodsthdta, sfdo qua ih`mfh iod ae tfa`po. Eh gfnaradifh f`porthdta iod ae ihso hdtarfor (nheeh por roturh) as qua asths nuarzhs iàiefihs astèd por gamhbo gae eà`fta aeèstfio, por eo qua ad prfdifpfo do tadgràhd por quæ provoihr roturhs. \aro provoihd ae gashrroeeo ga ganaitos gae `htarfhe, kadarhe`adta gasga eh suparnfifa jhifh ae fdtarfor ga eh pfazh. Ga nor`h taùrfih as posfmea astf`hr eh ihdtfghg ga ifieos qua puaga rasfstfr udh >7
pfazh hdtas ga su roturh por nhtfkh, ad nudifùd gae tfpo ga `htarfhe y ga eh h`peftug ga eh tadsfùd iàiefih, hudqua ae `hrkad ga arror as krhdga. Gatar`fdhgos nadù`ados io`o eh iorrosfùd o ehs gfehthifodas gae `htarfhe por ta`parhturh hnaithd h eos proiasos ga nhtfkh gae `htarfhe. Eos arroras ga gfsaøo astèd dor`he`adta gatrès ga udh nheeh ad ae `htarfhe. Ae fdnrh gf`adsfodh`fadto ga pfazhs por asthrèd arror adso`atfghs ièeiueos, hdoudhs iodsfgarhr sftuhifodas pudtuheas trhdsftorfhs ad ehs qua ehs pfazhs iodgfifodas `ès axfkadtas quay ehs ga oparhifùd dor`he y eh `heh aeaiifùd ga `htarfheas por rhzodas aiodù`fihs, gasiodoif`fadto ga ehs iodgfifodas ga trhmhbo o ga eos proguitos axfstadtas ad ae `arihgo phrh udh gatar`fdhgh hpefihifùd, sod ehs ihushs `ès jhmftuheas ga nheeh ga pfazhs por nheeh gae `htarfhe. Arror ju`hdo gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd.
Otrh ga ehs ihushs por ehs qua udh hvaràh puaga proguifrsa as por ud arror gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd. Asta arror h su vaz, puaga tadar su orfkad ad2
Arror ga fdtarprathifùd ga ud fdgfihgor gurhdta eh oparhifùd dor`he gae aqufpo, qua jhia he oparhgor o iodguitor ga eh fdsthehifùd to`hr udh gaifsfùd aqufvoihgh. Hituhifùd fdiorraith hdta udh nheeh ga eh `èqufdh . \or aba`peo, fdtroguifr hkuh ad udh ihegarh ihefadta ad eh qua sa jh pargfgo ae dfvae vfsuhe ga hkuh3 he do iodoiarsa quæ ihdtfghg ga hkuh jhy ad su fdtarfor, as posfmea qua astæ vhiàh y ihefadta, por eo qua he fdtroguifr hkuh ad aeeh sa proguifrè eh vhporfzhifùd fdsthdtèdah, iod ae iodsfkufadta hu`adto ga prasfùd qua puaga provoihr fdieuso eh axpeosfùd ga eh ihegarh. Nhitoras nàsfios gae oparhgor 2 asta puaga do adiodtrhrsa ad parnaiths iodgfifodas phrh rahefzhr su trhmhbo, por `hraos, suaøo, ihdshdifo hiu`uehgo por bordhgh ehmorhe axtadsh, adnar`aghg, ati.
, io`o gas`otfvhifùd, promea`hs axtardos he trhmhbo, Nhitoras psfioeùkfios ati., fdneuyad ador`a`adta ad eh eh proefnarhifùd ga eos arroras ga oparhifùd. Nheth ga fdstruiifodas sfsta`ètfihs iehrhs , io`o proiagf`fadtos, fdstruiifodas tæidfihs, ati., o ganfifadta f`pehdthifùd ga æsths. Nheth ga nor`hifùd.
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Arroras gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto th`mfæd io`ata arroras qua gasa`moihd ad udh hvaràh, udh phrhgh ga proguiifùd, udh gfs`fduifùd ad ae radgf`fadto ga eos aqufpos, ati. Qdh phrta f`porthdta ga ehs hvaràhs qua sa proguiad ad udh fdsthehifùd astè ihushgo por ae propfo parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto. Adtra ehs nheehs `ès jhmftuheas provoihghs o hkrhvhghs por ae propfo parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto astèd ehs sfkufadtas2
Omsarvhifodas arrùdahs ga eos phrè`atros fdspaiifodhgos. Ad oihsfodas sa ghd por muados vheoras hehr`hdtas ga gatar`fdhgos phrè`atros, qua hiodsabhràhd quæ hiifodas to`hr. ]ahefzhifùd ga `odthbas y gas`odthbas sfd omsarvhr ehs `aboras prèitfihs gae saitor. Do raspathr o do io`promhr toearhdifhs ga hbusta. Do raspathr o do iodtroehr phras ga hprfata. Eh rautfefzhifùd ga `htarfheas qua gamad gasaijhrsa. As ae ihso, por aba`peo, ga eh rautfefzhifùd ga aea`adtos ga asthdquafghg. \or ae uso ga rapuastos do hgaiuhgos2 rapuasto do orfkfdhe, qua do iu`pea ehs aspaifnfihifodas daiashrfhs, rapuasto qua do jh sfgo io`promhgo hdtas ga sar `odthgo. \or ae uso qua ga jarrh`fadth Ae aeihso `ès jhmftuhe as aegaa`peao ga eehvas hbusthmeas provoihd ad fdhgaiuhgh. `uijos ihsos ragodgao ga ihmazhs tordfeeos.
Io`o ad ae ihso hdtarfor, eos arroras gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto th`mfæd sa vad hnaithgos por nhitoras nàsfios, psfioeùkfios, por eh nheth ga f`pea`adthifùd ga proiagf`fadtos y por eh nheth ga nor`hifùd. Iodgfifodas axtardhs hdù`hehs.
Iuhdgo ehs iodgfifodas axtardhs sod gfnaradtas h ehs iodgfifodas ad qua sa jh gfsaøhgo ae aqufpo o fdsthehifùd, puagad somravadfr nheehs nhvoraifghs por ashs iodgfifodas hdor`heas. As ae ihsogfnaradtas ga aqufposgaqua nudifodhd ta`parhturh, ju`aghg suifaghg hquaeehs phrhadehsiodgfifodas qua nuarodgagfsaøhgos. Wh`mfæd as h`mfadthe ae ihso gao aqufpos qua nudifodhd iod gatar`fdhgos su`fdfstros (aeaitrfifghg, hdtfiodkaehdta, hkuh ga hef`adthifùd, hfra io`prf`fgo) qua do iu`pead udhs aspaifnfihifodas gatar`fdhghs, aspaifnfihifodas ad ehs qua sa jh mhshgo ae nhmrfihdta ad ae gfsaøo sus aqufpos. Ad oihsfodas, ad udh `fs`h hvaràh iodneuyad vhrfhs ihushs sf`uetèdah`adta, eo qua io`pefih ador`a`adta ae astugfo gae promea`h y eh hporthifùd ga soeuifodas. As f`porthdta tadar ad iuadth asto, puas iod gatar`fdhr udh òdfih ihush ad `uijhs oihsfodas do sa iodsfkua avfthr ae promea`h, y jhsth qua do sa rasuaevad toghs ehs ihushs qua eh provoihd do sa omtfadad rasuethgos sfkdfnfihtfvos.
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7. @AGFGHY \]A^ADWF^HY H HGO\WH] AD IHYO GA NHEEH.
Gapadgfadgo ga eh ihush qua provoih eh nheeh, ehs `agfghs pravadtfvhs h hgopthr puagad sar ehs sfkufadtas2 8. Nheehs ad ae `htarfhe.
Yf sa jh proguifgo udh nheeh ad ae `htarfhe, ehs soeuifodas h propodar sod vhrfhghs. Adtra aeehs asthràhd2
Yf eh nheeh sa jh proguifgo por gaskhsta, jhmrè qua astugfhr nor`hs ga raguifr ae gaskhsta ga eh pfazh, iod udh eumrfihifùd `hyor, por aba`peo. Yf do as posfmea raguifr ae gaskhsta, sarè daiashrfo astugfhr eh vfgh òtfe ga eh pfazh y ih`mfhreh iod hdtaehifùd h eh nheeh. Asths gos hiifodas iorraspodgad h `hdtadf`fadto. Wh`mfæd puaga ragfsaøhrsa eh pfazh o udh phrta ga eh `èqufdh phrh gfs`fdufr asta gaskhsta, o utfefzhr `htarfheas gfnaradtas. Yf eh nheeh sa proguia por iorrosfùd, eh soeuifùd sarè hpefihr ihphs protaitorhs o gfsposftfvos qua eh raguiad (protaiifodas ihtùgfihs o hdùgfihs). Wh`mfæd, jhiar eo posfmea phrh avfthr eos `agfos iorrosfvos (avfthr eh ju`aghg, iorrakfr ae pJ o ehs ihrhitaràstfihs ]agox por gae nhtfkh, `agfo,adtra ati.).ehs soeuifodas h hporthr asthrèd2 Yf eh nheeh sa proguia ]aguifr eh adarkàh y/o eh nraiuadifh ga ehs tadsfodas iàiefihs h ehs qua astæ so`atfgh eh pfazh. Ih`mfhr ae `htarfhe, por otro iod `ador dò`aro ga ganaitos (krfaths, nfsurhs. Jhy qua raiorghr qua eh nhtfkh, ad kadarhe, as ae prokraso ga udh krfath yh axfstadta). \uefr eh suparnfifa ga eh pfazh, phrh avfthrehs krfaths y nfsurhs provoihghs ad ae proiaso ga `aihdfzhifùd. ]ahefzhr trhth`fadtos suparnfifheas, io`o eh dftrurhifùd o ae krhdheehgo, qua adguraiad eh ihph suparnfifhe. @ogfnfihr ae gfsaøo ga eh pfazh, ga `hdarh qua sa raguzihd eos pudtos ga iodiadtrhifùd ga tadsfodas, suhvfzhdgo iurvhs, avfthdgo hrfsths, ati. Yf eh nheeh sa proguia por gfehthifùd, `ogfnfihr eh fdsthehifùd ga `hdarh sa par`fth eh efmra gfehthifùd y iodtrhiifùd gae `htarfhe por anaito tær`fio,quamfad `ogfnfihdgo soportas, mfad fdiorporhdgo aea`adtos qua hmsormhd ehs gfehthifodas y iodtrhiifodas gae `htarfhe. Yf sa gatar`fdh qua do as posfmea iorrakfr ehs ihushs qua provoihd eh nheeh gae `htarfhe, eo iorraito sarè ih`mfhr ae `htarfhe, ae gfsaøo ga eh pfazh o ehs ihrhitaràstfihs ga eh pfazh qua nheeh por otrh qua puagh nudifodhr iorraith`adta ad ehs iodgfifodas raheas ga trhmhbo (thdto dor`heas io`o asporègfihs). As posfmea qua ae ih`mfo ad udh pfazh eeava hphrabhgos otros ih`mfos (`ogfnfihifodas phrh hghpthr eh duavh pfazh, ih`mfos ad otros aqufpos, ati.).
>;
=. Arror ju`hdo gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd .
\hrh avfthr nheehs ad ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd, eh prf`arh soeuifùd pravadtfvh qua sa gama hgopthr as trhmhbhr sùeo iod parsodhe `otfvhgo. Asto qufara gaifr qua eh a`prash gama jhiar eos asnuarzos daiashrfos phrh `otfvhr he parsodhe y, hphrthr ga gatar`fdhgos puastos ad eos qua eh ihefghg gae trhmhbo gapadga ga eh jhmfefghg gae oparhrfo, h hquae parsodhe gas`otfvhgo y ga gfnàife raiodguiifùd. Eh sakudgh soeuifùd h hgopthr as eh nor`hifùd gae parsodhe. Iuhdgo sa gataith qua gatar`fdhghs nheehs sa gamad h udh nheth ga iodoif`fadtos ga gatar`fdhgo parsodhe, gama orkhdfzhrsa udh rèpfgh hiifùd nor`htfvh qua hihma iod asta promea`h. Eh nor`hifùd gama sar aspaiànfih2 ud pehd ga nor`hifùd S=P mhshgo ad iursos ga proiashgoras ga taxto phrh parsodhe qua trhmhbh ad udh `èqufdh ga raitfnfihgo do phraia qua hihma iod promea`hs raehifodhgos iod hvaràhs rapatftfvhs ad asta tfpo ga aqufpos S9P. Ad tariar eukhr as posfmea fdtroguifr `ogfnfihifodas ad ehs `èqufdhs qua avftad eos arroras. Yod eos eeh`hgos \och-Voca o sfsta`hs hdtf arror. Ad kadarhe iodsfstad ad `aihdfs`os sadifeeos raguiadaeæitrfih h iaro ehad posfmfefghg arror. Qd gfstfdtos aba`peo phrh eos arroras gaqua iodaxfùd `èqufdhsgaasio`atar ioeoihrud iodaitoras y ga avfthr udh soeh posfifùd phrh ihgh krupo ga ihmeahgo3 ga asth `hdarh as nàsfih`adta f`posfmea iodaithr ga `hdarh fdhgaiuhgh, yh qua eos iodaitoras sod fdio`phtfmeas adtra sà. 9. Arror ju`hdo gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto.
\hrh avfthr nheehs gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto, ad prf`ar eukhr (fkuhe qua ad ae ihso hdtarfor) ae parsodhe gama asthr `otfvhgo y hgaiuhgh`adta nor`hgo. Yf do as hsà, gamad to`hrsa ehs `agfghs qua iorraspodghd, qua sarèd ehs `fs`hs qua ad ae ihso hdtarfor (eh a`prash gama jhiar togos eos asnuarzos daiashrfos phrh `otfvhr he parsodhe y, sf rahefzhgos togos eos asnuarzos posfmeas, eh gas`otfvhifùd gae trhmhbhgor supoda ud rfasko phrh sà `fs`o, phrh otros o phrh ehs fdsthehifodas, ae trhmhbhgor gama sar hphrthgo ga su raspodshmfefghg). Eh `hdarh `ès anfihz ga euijhr iodtrh eos arroras io`atfgos por ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto as eh utfefzhifùd ga proiagf`fadtos ga trhmhbo. Eos proiagf`fadtos iodtfadad fdnor`hifùd gatheehgh ga ihgh udh ga ehs thrahs daiashrfhs phrh eh rahefzhifùd ga ud trhmhbo. Iodtfadad th`mfæd toghs ehs `agfghs y dor`htfvfghgas daiashrfhs h rahefzhr ad ae aqufpo. \or òetf`o, ad astos proiagf`fadtos sa gatheeh quæ io`promhifodas gamad rahefzhrsa phrh hsakurhrsa ga qua ae trhmhbo jh quaghgo mfad jaijo. Yf sa gataith ad ae hdèefsfs ga eh nheeh qua æsth jh sfgo gamfgh h ud arror gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto, eh soeuifùd h hgopthr sarè kadarhe`adta eh raghiifùd ga ud proiagf`fadto ad ae qua sa gatheea eh nor`h fgùdah ga rahefzhifùd ga eh thrah qua jh sfgo `he rahefzhgh, y qua jh tadfgo io`o iodsaiuadifh eh nheeh qua sa astugfh. >:
7. Iodgfifodas axtardhs hdù`hehs.
Yf sa gatar`fdh qua udh nheeh jh sfgo provoihgh por udhs iodgfifodas axtardhs hdù`hehs, eh soeuifùd h hgopthr sarè sf`pea2 iorrakfr gfijhs iodgfifodas axtardhs, ga `hdarh qua sa hghptad h eos raquarf`fadtos gae aqufpo. Yfd a`mhrko, ad oihsfodas asth soeuifùd as f`posfmea. Ad astos ihsos, eh soeuifùd h hgopthr as `fdf`fzhr eos anaitos doifvos ga ehsadiodgfifodas sa iu`pead. As ae h`mfadthe ihso, por aba`peo, ga turmfdhs ga khs qua oparhd ae gasfarto. qua Ehs do iodgfifodas ga poevo suparhd iod `uijo ehs aspaifnfihifodas qua raio`fadghd eos nhmrfihdtas ga turmfdhs phrh ae hfra ga hg`fsfùd. Ad asta ihso, y yh qua do as posfmea `ogfnfihr ehs iodgfifodas h`mfadtheas, as posfmea utfefzhr nfetros `ès axfkadtas (nfetros hmsoeutos, por aba`peo) phrh asta hfra ga hg`fsfùd. 1. Ae stoic ga rapuastos.
Yf udh nheeh jh provoihgo qua eos madanfifos aiodù`fios ga eh a`prash sa jhyhd rasadtfgo, do sùeo sarè daiashrfo to`hr `agfghs pravadtfvhs hiorgas iod eh f`porthdifh ga eh nheeh, sfdo `fdf`fzhr eos anaitos ga æsth ad ihso ga qua vuaevh h proguifrsa. Hsà, udh ga ehs `agfghs quatadfadgo puaga jhiar qua ae f`phito aiodù`fio sah `ador as raguifr ae tfa`pophrh ga raphrhifùd, h gfsposfifùd fd`agfhth ae `htarfhe qua puagh sar daiashrfo hio`atareh. Ga jaijo, he gf`adsfodhr ud stoic ga rapuastos, ga udh u otrh nor`h sa tfada ad iuadth eo qua yh jh nheehgo o eo qua tfada posfmfefghgas ga nheehr. Eos tæidfios `ès axparf`adthgos dor`he`adta raiurrad do h io`peabos hdèefsfs, sfdo h su `a`orfh, phrh gatar`fdhr togo hquaeeo qua gasahd tadar ad stoic ad su he`hiæd ga rapuasto3 y dor`he`adta saeaiifodhd toghs hquaeehs pfazhs qua ad ae phshgo jhd daiasfthgo. Iuhdgo sa gf`adsfodh ae stoic phrh jhiar nradta h hvaràhs phshghs o promhmeas, jhy qua tadar ad iuadth do sùeo ehs pfazhs prfdifpheas, sfdo th`mfæd ehs hiiasorfhs. H `adugo do sa tfadad ad iuadth rhioras, budths, tordfeearàh, aea`adtos ga nfbhifùd y ad kadarhe, eos hiiasorfos suaeadfdòtfe hio`phøhr eh pfazh prfdifphe. Yfdpuas astosehaea`adtos hgfifodheas y ga mhbo iostoqua rasueth iodthr hiod eos prfdifpheas, raphrhifùd do sa pogrè io`peathr. 1. AE HDÈEFYFY @AWHEOK]ÈNFIO.
Qd ihso `uy aspaifhe ga hdèefsfs ga nheeh eo iodstftuya ae hdèefsfs `atheokrènfio ga pfazhs qua jhd nheehgo. Ae hdèefsfs `atheokrènfio, qua sa rahefzh ad ehmorhtorfos aspaifhefzhgos, hporth fdnor`hifùd `uy praifsh somra eh nor`h ga roturh ga udh pfazh, eh zodh ga fdfifo gae promea`h, eh avoeuifùd, y eh io`posfifùd gae `htarfhe qua jh nheehgo.
>6
Ehs tæidfihs `ès usuheas sod ehs sfkufadtas, hudqua jhy otrhs tæidfihs qua puagad a`peahrsa2
@firosiopfh aeaitrùdfih ga mhrrfgo2 iod asth tæidfih sa eeavhd h ihmo hdèefsfs `firoastruiturheas, astugfos ga suparnfifas ga nrhiturh, `firohdèefsfs quà`fio ga AGY (Aeaitrod Gfsparsfva Ypaitrosiopy), y astugfos ga porosfghg, adtra otros. @firosiopfh ùptfih2y iod hyughga gae `firosiopfo ùptfio sa(gatar`fdhifùd rahefzhd hdèefsfs `firoastruiturheas astugfos `atheokrhnàh iuhdtfthtfvh2 ga th`høo ga krhdo hustadàtfio, ihdtfghg ga nhsas, iehsfnfihifùd ga fdieusfodas y ihdtfghg ga porosfghg). @atheokrhnàh iuhdtfthtfvh2 hdèefsfs `atheokrènfio ga gatar`fdhifùd ga th`høo ga krhdo, ihdtfghg ga nhsas, fdieusfodas h trhvæs ga `atogoeokàhs io`o ae fdtariapto efdahe y iodtao ga pudtos.
Eh iodieusfùd `ès fdtarashdta qua hporth ae astugfo `atheokrènfio as eh gatar`fdhifùd ga ehs ihushs qua puagad jhmar provoihgo eh nheeh ad `htarfheas iarè`fios y `atèefios, sfa`pra `uy iodiaptuheas, puas jhmftuhe`adta ae hdhefsth do iodoia iod gatheea ae aqufpo ad qua astè fdsthehgh eh pfazh qua jh nheehgo3 y h phrtfr ga eh gatar`fdhifùd gae orfkad gae nheeh, qua ae hdhefsth puaga ae `htarfhe qua pogràh utfefzhrsa ad eh pfazh jh nheehgo phrhrahefzhr avfthr susukaradifhs nheeh ad ehs somra iodgfifodas ga uso. >. EH IODW]HWHIFÙD GA HYFYWADIFH \H]H AE HDÈEFYFY GA H^A]ÀHY.
Iuhdgo sa proguia udh nheeh qua hnaith ga nor`h hpraifhmea h eh proguiifùd, h eh ihefghg ga eos proguitos, h eh sakurfghg ga ehs parsodhs o puaga provoihr ud krhva f`phito h`mfadthe, as iodvadfadta, ihsf f`prasifdgfmea, rahefzhr ud hdèefsfs ga hvaràhs. Yf do sa tfadad eos iodoif`fadtos, ae parsodhe o ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh rahefzhr asta hdèefsfs, puaga raiurrfrsa h udh a`prash aspaifhefzhgh. Eo jhmftuhe as qua ad prf`ar eukhr sa raiurrh he parsodhe ga pehdth, sf sa iodnàh ad su irftarfo y ihphifghg. Ad sakudgo eukhr, eh opfdfùd y ae hdèefsfs ga eh sftuhifùd qua puaga jhiar ae nhmrfihdta gae aqufpo puagad rasuethr ga `uijh hyugh, por ae iodoif`fadto qua sa supoda qua ae nhmrfihdta tfada ga sus aqufpos. Jhy qua tadar ad iuadth qua ad `uijos ihsos rahefzhrè asta hdèefsfs ga nor`h krhtufth, porqua as ae prf`ar fdtarashgo ad iodoiar iù`o y iuhdgo nheehd sus aqufpos. Yf sa tfada iodtrhthgo ae `hdtadf`fadto iod udh a`prash axtardh y ae iodtrhto as ga krhd heihdia, ae propfathrfo gama axfkfr h eh a`prash iodtrhtfsth do sùeo eh soeuifùd h eos promea`hs qua surkad, sfdo fdnor`hifùd gatheehgh ga eos fdifgadtas qua oiurrad. @uijhs a`prashs iodtrhtfsths ―asihtf`hd‐ asth fdnor`hifùd he propfathrfo, padshdgo qua do as muado qua ae iefadta eo saph togo. Yùeo ehs a`prashs `ès sarfhs sod iodsifadtas ga qua eh ;<
oiuethifùd ga fdnor`hifùd y eh do rahefzhifùd ga hdèefsfs gatheehgos ga eos prfdifpheas fdifgadtas oiurrfgos y/o eh oiuethifùd ga eos rasuethgos ga astos hdèefsfs `ar`hd eh iodnfhdzh gae iefadta y nhvoraiad qua sa vuaevhd h rapatfr udh y otrh vaz ehs `fs`hs nheehs. \or òetf`o, puaga iodthrsa iod udh a`prash aspaifhefzhgh ad asta tfpo ga hdèefsfs, sfa`pra iodsfgarhdgo qua gama sar f`phrifhe y sfd fdtarasas ad ae asiehraif`fadto ga ehs ihushs ga udh hvaràh,ehy nheeh. qua gama tadar eos iodoif`fadtos hgaiuhgos phrh hmorghr ehs ihushs qua jhd provoihgo S8P @WMN2 @fg Wf`a Matwaad Nhfeura, tfa`po `agfo adtra nheehs. Iuhdto `ès heto as asta vheor, `ès nfhmea as ae aqufpo. Asta fdgfihgor sa trhth `ès axtadsh`adta ad ae ihpàtueo 6 Kastfùd ga eh Fdnor`hifùd. S=P Astos \ehdas sa trhthd ad gatheea ad ae hphrthgo >.88 \ehdas ga Nor`hifùd. S9P Hudqua ae io`adthrfo puagh phraiar frùdfio, asth sftuhifùd sa gh `ès ga eo qua phraia. Iuhdgo sa hdhefzh ae \ehd ga Nor`hifùd praphrhgo phrh eos oparhrfos ga `uijhs a`prashs, sorpradga eh ihdtfghg ga iursos qua do tfadad dhgh qua var iod ae trhmhbo qua gashrroeehd, y eh ihdtfghg axtrhorgfdhrfh`adta mhbh ga iursos ga nor`hifùd aspaiànfios phrh ae gasa`paøo ga su trhmhbo. Eh rhzùd, ad `uijhs oihsfodas, as mfad sf`pea2 as nèife, phrh ae gaphrth`adto ga ]aiursos Ju`hdos, musihr `odftoras, huehs y `agfos phrh orkhdfzhr ud iurso ga proiashgoras ga taxto, paro adiodtrhr ud `odftor phrh ud aqufpo aspaiànfio, phrh udh thrah iodirath, h vaias do as thd nèife. Fdieuso, ae gaphrth`adto ga ]aiursos Ju`hdos, ad ae qu a suaea raihar eh praphrhifùd ga astos \ehdas ga Nor`hifùd do iodoia h vaias ehs daiasfghgas raheas ga nor`hifùd gae parsodhe ga udh pehdth.
@HDWADF@FADWO \]AGFIWF^O. Yfd gugh, ae gashrroeeo ga duavhs taidoeokàhs jh `hrihgo sadsfmea`adta eh hituhefghg fdgustrfhe `udgfhe. Ad eos òetf`os høos, eh fdgustrfh `aièdfih sa jh vfsto mhbo eh fdneuadifh gatar`fdhdta ga eh aeaitrùdfih, eh huto`ètfih y romùtfih, y ehs taeaio`udfihifodas, axfkfadgo `hyor praphrhifùd ad ae parsodhe, do sùeo gasga ae pudto ga vfsth ga eh oparhifùd ga eh `hqufdhrfh, sfdo gasga ae pudto ga vfsth gae `hdtadf`fadto fdgustrfhe. Eh rahefghg fdgustrfhe astè `htfzhgh por eh ador`a daiasfghg ga axpeothr anfihz y anfifadta`adta eh `hqufdhrfh fdsthehgh y aeavhr h dfvaeas suparforas eh hitfvfghg gae `hdtadf`fadto. Do ra`agfh`os dhgh iod krhdgas soeuifodas qua prasupodad gfsaøos, fddovhifodas, y taidoeokàhs ga raiuparhifùd, sf do `hdtada`os iod udh heth gfspodfmfefghg duastrh fdgustrfh. As gaifr, eh fdgustrfh tfada qua gfstfdkufrsa por udh iorraith axpeothifùd y ud `hdtadf`fadto anfihz. Ad otrhs phehmrhs, eh oparhifùd iorraith y ae `hdtadf`fadto oportudo iodstftuyad vàhs gaifsfvhs phrh iufghr eo qua sa tfada.
Xuæ as ae `hdtadf`fadto pragfitfvo . Hdèefsfs ga vfmrhifodas. War`okrhnàh.
Hdèefsfs morosiùpfio ad turmfdhs ga khs. ;8
Gataiifùd ga nukhs por uetrhsodfgos. Hdèefsfs ga hiaftas.
HDÈEFYFY GA ^FM]HIFODAY. Ae fdtaræs ga ga ehs ^fmrhifodas @aièdfihs eeakh he @hdtadf`fadto Fdgustrfhe ga eh `hdo gae @hdtadf`fadto \ravadtfvo y \ragfitfvo, iod ae fdtaræs ga hearth qua sfkdfnfih ud aea`adto vfmrhdta ad udh `èqufdh, y eh daiashrfh pravadifùd ga ehs nheehs qua trhad ehs vfmrhifodas h `agfo pehzo.
]akfstro ga vfmrhifodas ad ud ifieo ga trhmhbo ga eh pheh. Wrhdsnor`hgh Wfa`po-Nraiuadifh.
Ae fdtaræs prfdifphe phrh ae `hdtadf`fadto gamarè sar eh fgadtfnfihifùd ga ehs h`peftugas prago`fdhdtas ga ehs vfmrhifodas gataithghs ad ae aea`adto o `èqufdh, eh gatar`fdhifùd ga ehs ihushs ga eh vfmrhifùd, y eh iorraiifùd gae promea`h qua aeehs raprasadthd. Ehs iodsaiuadifhs ga ehs vfmrhifodas `aièdfihs sod ae hu`adto ga eos asnuarzos y ehs tadsfodas, pærgfghs ga adarkàh, gaskhsta ga `htarfheas, y ehs `ès ta`fghs2 ghøos por nhtfkh ga eos `htarfheas, hga`ès ga rufgos `oeastos ad ae h`mfadta ehmorhe, ati.
\hrè`atros ga ehs vfmrhifodas. ;=
Nraiuadifh2 As ae tfa`po daiashrfo phrh io`peathr ud ifieo vfmrhtorfo. Ad eos astugfos ga vfmrhifùd sa ushd eos I\@ (ifieos por sakudgo) o JR (jarifos). Gaspehzh`fadto2 As eh gfsthdifh tothe qua gasirfma ae aea`adto vfmrhdta, gasga ud axtra`o he otro ga su `ovf`fadto. ^aeoifghg y Hiaearhifùd2 Io`o vheor raehifodhe ga eos hdtarforas. Gfraiifùd2 Ehs vfmrhifodas puagad proguifrsa ad 9 gfraiifodas efdaheas y 9 rothifodheas.
Wfpos ga vfmrhifodas.
^fmrhifùd efmra2 ihushgh por ud sfsta`h qua vfmrh gamfgo h udh axifthifùd fdsthdtèdah. ^fmrhifùd norzhgh2 ihushgh por ud sfsta`h qua vfmrh gamfgo h udh axifthifùd iodsthdta, sod ehs ihushs ga ehs vfmrhifodas `aièdfihs.
H iodtfduhifùd sa gatheehd ehs rhzodas `ès jhmftuheas por ehs qua udh `èqufdh o aea`adto ga eh `fs`h puaga eeakhr h vfmrhr.
^fmrhifùd gamfgh h gasmhehdiao (`hqufdhrfh rothtfvh). ^fmrhifùd gamfgh h eh nheth ga hefdah`fadto (`hqufdhrfh rothtfvh). ^fmrhifùd gamfgh h eh axiadtrfifghg (`hqufdhrfh rothtfvh). ^fmrhifùd gamfgh h eh nheeh ga rogh`fadtos y iobfdatas. ^fmrhifùd gamfgh h promea`hs ga adkrhdhbas y iorrahs ga trhds`fsfùd (joekurhs, nheth ga eumrfihifùd, roias, ati.).
HDÈEFYFY WA]@OK]ÈNFIO. Eh War`okrhnàh Fdnrhrrobh as udh tæidfih qua par`fta, h gfsthdifh y sfd dfdkòd iodthito, `agfr y vfsuhefzhr ta`parhturhs ga suparnfifa iod praifsfùd.
Eos obos ju`hdos do sod sadsfmeas h eh rhgfhifùd fdnrhrrobh a`ftfgh por ud ombato, paro ehs iè`hrhs tar`okrènfihs, o ga tar`ovfsfùd, sod ihphias ga `agfr eh adarkàh iod sadsoras ;9
fdnrhrrobos, ihphifthgos phrh "var" ad asths eodkftugas ga odgh. Asto dos par`fta `agfr eh adarkàh rhgfhdta a`ftfgh por ombatos y, por iodsfkufadta, gatar`fdhr eh ta`parhturh ga eh suparnfifa h gfsthdifh, ad tfa`po rahe y sfd iodthito. Eh krhd `hyoràh ga eos promea`hs y hvaràhs ad ae adtordo fdgustrfhe - yh sah ga tfpo `aièdfio, aeæitrfio y ga nhmrfihifùd - astèd praiagfgos por ih`mfos ga ta`parhturh qua puagad sar gataithgos `agfhdta eh `odftorfzhifùd ga ta`parhturh iod sfsta`h ga War`okrhnàh Fdnrhrrobh. Iod `hqufdhrfh, eh f`pea`adthifùd ga prokrh`hs ga `fdf`fzhr fdspaiifodas tar`okrènfihs ad fdsthehifodas, thmearos aeæitrfios, ati. as posfmea ae rfasko ga udh nheeh ga aqufpos y sus iodsaiuadifhs, h eh vaz qua th`mfæd onraia udh jarrh`fadth phrh ae iodtroe ga ihefghg ga ehs raphrhifodas anaituhghs.
Ae hdèefsfs `agfhdta War`okrhnàh fdnrhrrobh gama io`pea`adthrsa iod otrhs tæidfihs y sfsta`hs ga adshyo iodoifgos, io`o puagad sar ae hdèefsfs ga hiaftas eumrfihdtas, ae hdèefsfs ga vfmrhifodas, eos uetrhsodfgos phsfvos y ae hdèefsfs pragfitfvo ad `otoras aeæitrfios. \uagad høhgfrsa eos adshyos do gastruitfvos ieèsfios2 adshyos, rhgfokrènfio, ae uetrhsodfgo hitfvo, phrtàiuehs `hkdætfihs, eàqufgos padatrhdtas, ati.
Ae hdèefsfs `agfhdta Iè`hrhs War`okrènfihs Fdnrhrrobhs, astè raio`adghgo phrh2
Fdsthehifodas y eàdahs aeæitrfihs ga Heth y Mhbh Wadsfùd. Whmearos, iodaxfodas, mordas, trhdsnor`hgoras, nusfmeas y a`phe`as aeæitrfios. @otoras aeæitrfios, kadarhgoras, momfdhgos, ati. ]aguitoras, nrados, rogh`fadtos, hiopeh`fadtos y a`mrhkuas `aièdfios. Jordos, ihegarhs a fdtarih`mfhgoras ga iheor. ;7
Fdsthehifodas ga ief`htfzhifùd. Eàdahs ga proguiifùd, iorta, pradshgo, norbh, trhth`fadtos tær`fios.
Ehs vadthbhs qua onraia ae @hdtadf`fadto \ravadtfvo por War`okrhnàh Fdnrhrrobh sod2
@ætogo ga hdèefsfs sfd gatadifùd ga proiasos proguitfvos, hjorrh khstos. Mhbh paefkrosfghg phrhga ae pudtos oparhrfoganfifadtas por avfthr ad eh daiasfghg gaproiaso. iodthito iod ae aqufpo. Gatar`fdhifùd axhith udh eàdah ga ]aguia ae tfa`po ga raphrhifùd por eh eoihefzhifùd praifsh ga eh nheeh. Nhifefth fdnor`as `uy praifsos he parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto. Hyugh he sakuf`fadto ga ehs raphrhifodas pravfhs.
HDÈEFYFY MO]OYIÙ\FIO. Ehs fdspaiifodas morosiùpfihs sod fdspaiifodas vfsuheas ad eukhras fdhiiasfmeas phrh ae obo ju`hdo iod eh hyugh ga ud aqufpo ùptfio, ae morosiopfo. Ya gashrroeeù ad ae èrah fdgustrfhe h rhàz gae æxfto ga ehs adgosiopfhs ad ju`hdos y hdf`heas .
Ae morosiopfo, th`mfæd eeh`hgo vfgaosiopfo o vfgaomorosiopfo, as ud gfsposftfvo ehrko y gaekhgo ad nor`h ga vhrfeeh neaxfmea. Ad ae fdtarfor ga asta tumo jhy ud sfsta`h taeasiùpfio iod du`aroshs eadtas, qua hporthd udh krhd ganfdfifùd h eh f`hkad. Hga`ès, astè aqufphgo iod udh pogarosh nuadta ga euz. Eh f`hkad rasuethdta puaga varsa ad eh eadta prfdifphe gae hphrhto, ad ud `odftor, o sar rakfstrhgh ad ud vfgaokrhmhgor phrh su hdèefsfs postarfor. Ae morosiopfo as sfd gugh otrh ga ehs jarrh`fadths f`prasifdgfmeas phrh hio`atar trhmhbos ga fdspaiifùd ad ehs phrtas fdtardhs ga gatar`fdhghs `èqufdhs sfd rahefzhr krhdgas gas`odthbas. Hsà, sa utfefzh h`pefh`adta phrh eh omsarvhifùd ga ehs phrtas fdtardhs ga `otoras tær`fios (`otoras hetardhtfvos ga io`mustfùd fdtardh, turmfdhs ga khs y turmfdhs ga vhpor), y phrh omsarvhr gatar`fdhghs phrtas ga ihegarhs, io`o jhias tumuehras o go`os. Ya ush do sùeo ad thrahs ga `hdtadf`fadto pragfitfvo rutfdhrfo, sfdo th`mfæd ad hugftoràhs tæidfihs, phrh gatar`fdhr ae asthgo fdtardo gae aqufpo hdta udh oparhifùd ga io`prh, ga avheuhifùd ga udh a`prash iodtrhtfsth o gae asthgo ga udh fdsthehifùd phrh hio`atar udh h`pefhifùd o radovhr aqufpos. Adtra ehs vadthbhs ga asta tfpo ga fdspaiifodas astèd eh nhifefghg phrh eeavhreh h ihmo sfd hpadhs tadar qua gas`odthr dhgh y eh posfmfefghg ga kuhrghr ehs f`èkadas, phrh su iodsueth postarfor. ;1
QEW]HYODFGO. Asta `ætogo astugfh ehs odghs ga sodfgo ga mhbh nraiuadifh, proguifghs por eos aqufpos, qua do sod pariaptfmeas por ae oàgo ju`hdo. Qetrhsodfgo As proguifgo `aihdfs`os rothdtas, nukhs ga neufgo, pærgfghs ga vhiào, y hriosphsfvo2 aeæitrfios. \ugfædgosapor gataitèrsaea `agfhdta eh taidoeokàh hpropfhgh.
Ae Qetrhsodfgo par`fta2
Gataiifùd ga nrfiifùd ad `hqufdhs rothtfvhs. Gataiifùd ga nheehs y/o nukhs ad vèevuehs. Gataiifùd ga nukhs ga neufgos. \ærgfghs ga vhiào. Gataiifùd ga "hrio aeæitrfio". ^arfnfihifùd ga eh fdtakrfghg ga budths ga raifdtos asthdios. Arosfùd. Iorrosfùd. \ærgfgh ga `htarfhe iarè`fio ad èehmas o ad pehihs hfsehdtas. ]oias adtra èehmas nfbos y `ùvfeas. Gaioeorhifodas ad èehmas gae io`prasor, por heth ta`parhturh. \ærgfghs ga `htarfhe ga eos èehmas gae io`prasor qua sa gaposfthd ad eos èehmas ga turmfdh o ad eh iè`hrh. Ganor`hifodas. \fazhs suaeths o `he nfbhghs, somra togo ga `htarfhe hfsehdta. Nrhiturhs y hkrfath`fadto ad èehmas, somra togo ad eh phrta fdnarfor qua eos nfbh he rotor. @hrihs ga somra ta`parhturh ad èehmas. Omstruiifùd ga orfnfifos ga ranrfkarhifùd. Ghøos por f`phitos provoihgos por ombatos axtrhøos (NOG, Norafkd Ombait Gh`hka). ;>
Ya gado`fdh Qetrhsodfgo \hsfvo h eh taidoeokàh qua par`fta ihpthr ae uetrhsodfgo proguifgo por gfvarshs nuadtas. Ae sodfgo, iuyh nraiuadifh astè por adif`h gae rhdko ga ihpthifùd gae oàgo ju`hdo (=<-h=<.<<< Jartz) sa iodsfgarh uetrhsodfgo. Ihsf toghs ehs nrfiifodas `aièdfihs, hrios aeæitrfios yNraiuadifh nukhs ga iod prasfùd o vhiào proguiad uetrhsodfgo ad ud rhdko hproxf`hgo h eos 7
Ga `ogo qua ehqua `agfifùd ga anfifadta`adta uetrhsodfgo as ad oihsfodas iodh eh `agfifùd ga vfmrhifodas, sa utfefzh somra aqufposio`pea`adthrfh rothdtas qua kfrhd vaeoifghgas suparforas h ehs 9<< ]\@. He fkuhe qua ad ae rasto gae `udgo fdgustrfhefzhgo, eh hitfvfghg fdgustrfhe ad duastro \hàs tfada eh f`parfosh daiasfghg ga eokrhr ae parnfe io`patftfvo qua ea par`fth fdsarthrsa ad eh aiodo`àh keomhefzhgh. Ad iodsaiuadifh, togh taidoeokàh orfadthgh he hjorro ga adarkàh y/o `hdo ga omrh as ga aspaifhe fdtaræs phrh iuhequfar A`prash.
HDÈEFYFY GA HIAFWAY.
Astos sa abaiuthd gapadgfadgo ga eh daiasfghg, sakòd2
Hdèefsfs Fdfifheas2 sa rahefzhd h proguitos ga hquaeeos aqufpos qua prasadtad gughs provadfadtas ga eos rasuethgos gae Astugfo ga Eumrfihifùd y par`ftad iorraiifodas ad eh saeaiifùd gae proguito, `otfvhghs h ih`mfos ad iodgfifodas ga oparhifùd. Hdèefsfs ]utfdhrfos2 hpefihd phrh aqufpos iodsfgarhgos io`o iràtfios o ga krhd ihphifghg, ad eos iuheas sa ganfda udh nraiuadifh ga `uastrao, sfadgo ae ombatfvo prfdifphe ga eos hdèefsfs eh gatar`fdhifùd gae asthgo gae hiafta, dfvae ga gaskhsta y iodth`fdhifùd, adtra otros. Hdèefsfs ga A`arkadifh2 sa anaitòhd phrh gataithr iuhequfar hdo`heàh ad ae aqufpo y/o eumrfihdta, sakòd2 Iodth`fdhifùd iod hkuh. ;;
Yùefgos (nfetros y saeeos ganaituosos). Qso ga ud proguito fdhgaiuhgo.
Aqufpos. Mo`mhs ga axtrhiifùd. Advhsas phrh `uastrhs.
Atfquaths Nor`htos.ga fgadtfnfihifùd.
Asta `ætogo hsakurh qua tadgra`os2
@èxf`h raguiifùd ga eos iostos oparhtfvos. @èxf`h vfgh òtfe ga eos io`podadtas iod `àdf`o gaskhsta. @èxf`o hprovaijh`fadto gae eumrfihdta utfefzhgo. @àdf`h kadarhifùd ga aneuadtas. Ad ihgh `uastrh poga`os iodsakufr o astugfhr eos sfkufadtas nhitoras qua hnaithd h duastrh `èqufdh2 Aea`adtos ga gaskhsta2 Jfarro, Iro`o, @oefmgado, Heu`fdfo, Iomra, Asthøo, \eo`o. Iodtao ga phrtàiuehs2 Gatar`fdhifùd ga eh ef`pfazh, narrokrhnàh. Iodth`fdhdtas2 Yfefifo, Yogfo, Hkuh, Io`mustfmea, Joeeàd, Oxfghifùd, Dftrhifùd, Yuenhtos, Dftrhtos. Hgftfvos y iodgfifodas gae eumrfihdta2 @hkdasfo, Iheifo, Rfdi, Nùsnoro, Moro, Hzunra, ^fsiosfghg. Krènfios a jfstorfhe2 \hrh eh avheuhifùd ga ehs tadgadifhs h eo ehrko gae tfa`po.
Ga asta `ogo, `agfhdta eh f`pea`adthifùd ga tæidfihs h`pefh`adta fdvastfkhghs y axparf`adthghs, y iod eh utfefzhifùd ga aqufpos ga eh `ès hvhdzhgh taidoeokàh, sa eokrhrè gfs`fdufr grèstfih`adta2 Wfa`po pargfgo ad proguiifùd ad rhzùd ga gasparnaitos `aièdfios. Gaskhsta ga ehs `èqufdhs y sus io`podadtas. Jorhs jo`mra gagfihghs he `hdtadf`fadto. Iodsu`o kadarhe ga eumrfihdtas
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JA]]H@FADWHY @HDWADF@FADWO.
@AIÈDFIHY
JHMFWQHEAY
\H]H
Asta as ud efsthgo ga jarrh`fadths òtfeas ad ud theear ga `hdtadf`fadto ga udh pehdth fdgustrfhe jhmftuhe. Do sa trhth thdto ga axpodar ud efsthgo io`peato ga jarrh`fadths axfstadta ad ae `arihgo (qua sa pogràh omtadar nèife`adta ad ae ihtèeoko ga iuhequfar provaagor ga jarrh`fadth), sfdo `ès mfad fdgfihr quæ jarrh`fadth as rahe`adta òtfe phrh adnradthrsa he `hdtadf`fadto ga udh pehdth fdgus trfhe ―astèdghr‐. Jhy qua tadar ad iuadth, hga`ès, qua eos do`mras ga ehs jarrh`fadths puagad ih`mfhr ga ud phàs h otro, fdieuso ga udh rakfùd h otrh. JA]]H@FADWHY @AIÈDFIHY Eehvas y buakos ga eehvas
Eehvas3 buako nfbhs ga gos moihs >/; h 9/; h 9/; h 9". Eehva hbusthmea `oeath ehtarhe 8=". Eehva hbusthmea `oeath ehtarhe =7". Eehva3 buako Heead sarfa ehrkh iod moeh ad pathih ga peèstfio 8,1 h8= ``. Eehva3 buako Heead sarfa ehrkh iod moeh ad pathih ga peèstfio 9/>;" h 9/7". Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs =6x9=. Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs 78x7>. Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs 9=x9>. Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs 97x9>. Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs 9>x78. Eehva3 nfbh gos moihs 7>x1<. Eehva3 astraeeh hioghgh 9=x9>. Eehva3 astraeeh hioghgh 9>x78. Eehva3 astraeeh hioghgh 78x7>. Eehva3 astraeeh hioghgh 7>x1<. Eehva3 nfbh ga koepa 9=``. Eehva3 nfbh ga koepa 9>``. Eehva3 nfbh ga koepa 78``. Eehva3 nfbh ga koepa 7>``. Eehva3 astraeeh koepa 9=``.
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Eehva3 astraeeh koepa 9>``. Eehva3 astraeeh koepa 78``. Eehva3 astraeeh koepa 7>``. Eehva3 stfeesod 8=". Eehva3 stfeesod =7". Eehvas gfdh`o`ætrfihs ^hso3 buako ga vhsos mfaxhkodhe ga 8/=". ^hso3 buako ga vhsos mfaxhkodhe ga 9/7" iod ihrrhih. ^hso3 buako ga vhsos iod pudths ZRD 8/=" iod ihrrhih. ^hso3 buako ga vhsos heead 8/=". ^hso3 raguitor ´" h8/=". ^hso3 buako ga vhso ga f`phito ga 8/=
JA]]H@FADWHY @AIÈDFIHY Hefihtas
Hefihtas3 udfvarshe pehdo. Hefihtas3 iorta gfhkodhe tfpo ranorzhgo. Hefihtas3 moih pehdh. Hefihtas3 Buako phrh hrhdgaehs fdtarforas y axtarforas. Hefihtas3 hparturh `òetfpea ga ira`heearh. Buakos ga gastordfeehgoras
Gastordfeehgoras3 buako phrh `aièdfios. Gastordfeehgoras3 axtrhiorto moih asth`phgh. Gastordfeehgoras3 axtrhiorto \jfeefps. Gastordfeehgoras3 buako ga praifsfod. Gastordfeehgoras3 buako ga pudths y gastordfeehgor ga koepa. @hrtfeeos y hiiasorfos
@hrtfeeo3 moih ga dhfeod krhdga @hrtfeeo3 ga moeh 99:k @hrtfeeo3 ga moeh 1>=k Buako ga krhdatas Buako ga mothgoras Iorthnràos 81<`` Iorthnràos =1<`` Axtrhitoras
Axtrhitoras3 buako udfvarshe ga gos khrrhs Axtrhitoras3 saphrhgor ga kfeeotfdh Axtrhitoras3 buako 9 khrrhs osifehdtas ga gomea posfifùd Axtrhitoras3 buako ga axtrhitor ga pardos
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Axtrhitoras3 buako ga axtrhitoras ga tordfeeos rotos Ef`hs
Buako ga ef`hs ga raeobaro Buako ga ef`hs (`agfh eudh, pehdhs, trfhdkuehras, ati) Òtfeas ga `agfifùd
Buako ga `firù`atros ga <-8<< `` ]aeob io`phrhgor mhsa `hkdætfih iod mrhzo hrtfiuehgo Neaxù`atro 9 ` Neaxù`atro 1 ` Ihefmra "pfa ga ray" Asiuhgrh Dfvae ga hkuh hdtfijoqua Khekhs ga aspasoras Khekhs phrh rosihs `ætrfihs Khekhs phrh rosihs wjftwortj Òtfeas ga iorta
Iorta3 hrio ga sfarrh Iorta3 ra`hijhgorh Iorta3 tfbarhs phrh ijhph. Iorta3 buako ga ef`hs. Iorta3 buako ga ef`hs ga hkubh. Iorta3 buako ga shihmoihgos phrh hrhdgaehs y budths. Ihbhs
Hrih `atèefih iod ihdghgo. Ihbh ga jarrh`fadths `atèefihs. Hr`hrfo ga phrag phrh jarrh`fadths Mroihs
Buako ga mroihs phrh `athe Buako ga mroihs ga `hgarh Buako ga mroihs ga vfgfh
JA]]H@FADWHY AEÆIW]FIHY Jarrh`fadth ga `hdo
Aeaitrfifghg3 tfbarhs ga aeaitrfifsth. Aeaitrfifghg3 dhvhbh. Aeaitrfifghg hefihtas phrh tar`fdheas hfsehgos. Buako ga gastordfeehgoras hfsehgos phrh aeaitrfifsths Hehrkhgarhs
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Hehrkhgarhs aeæitrfihs, vhrfos th`høos (8< y =1 `atros, adroeehmeas)
JA]]H@FADWHY FDYW]Q@ADWHIFÙD Aqufpos ga gfhkdùstfio y ihefmrhifùd
\oeà`atro War`ù`atro gfkfthe fdnrhrrobos iod pudtaro eèsar \fdzh h`parf`ætrfih (h`parà`atro ga khdijo) Iodvartfgor-kadarhgor ga 7-=< `H Iodvartfgor-kadarhgor ga <-8< ^ Aqufpo ga ihefmrhifùd `uetfnudifùd @agfgor ga hfseh`fadto (tfpo @akar) Mo`mh `hduhe ga prasfùd/vhiào Jordo ga ihefmrhifùd (jhsth ><< krhgos) Mhøo ga ihefmrhifùd
JA]]H@FADWHY \]AGFIWF^O
GA
@HDWADF@FADWO
Jarrh`fadths ga \ragfitfvo
Hdhefzhgor ga vfmrhifodas Iè`hrh tar`okrènfih Hefdahgor eèsar Aqufpo ga aqufefmrhgo ga `hqufdhs rothtfvhs Morosiopfo Hefdahgor ga poeahs
JA]]H@FADWHY GA WHEEA] Wheear
H`oehgorh hdkuehr paquaøh H`oehgorh hdkuehr krhdga. Whehgrhgorh Hspfrhgorh Yfarrh ga ihehr Efdtardh raihrkhmea Efdtardh h pfehs H`oehgorh portètfe \fstoeh htordfeehgorh dau`ètfih ga 8/=" Ihrrhih dau`ètfih 8/=" H`oehgorh dau`ètfih 8/7" \fagrh phrh puefr.
:=
Buako ga nrashs ga pfagrh iod vèsthko. Buako ga nrashs ga `ath iod vèsthko. \fagrh ga puefr @hdkuarh phrh hfra io`prf`fgo. Wordfeeo ga mhdio Mhdio ga trhmhbo portètfe Io`pès ga trhzhr Buakos ga `hijos ga rosihr Aqufpo ga soeghr aeæitrfio ga `oijfeh, iorrfadta iodtfduh ]hgfhe portètfe, krhdga
AXQF\OY GA AEA^HIFÙD Aeavhifùd y huxfefhras
\oefphsto `hduhe ga ihgadh =W Wrèitae =W Asefdkhs ga =W ga =` \oefphsto aeæitrfio
AEA@ADWOY GA YAKQ]FGHG A\F y aea`adtos ga sakurfghg
Kuhdtas ga soeghgor Ihrath ga soeghgor Axtfdtor ga 1 Ck Ihdghgos ga meoquao Kuhdtas gfaeæitrfios Kuhdtas quà`fios \hdtheehs nhifheas Khnhs ga sakurfghg @hdth fkdànukh
IODYQ@FMEAY ÒWFEAY ^hrfos
]oeeo ga astrophbo ef`pfhgor Iapfeeo ga efbhr iod vèsthko Gfsios ga iorta Gfsios ga gasmhsthr
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Jobhs ga efbh ga hkuh \efako ga budth ga krhnfto =`` \efako ga budth phrh hkuh =`` \efako ga budth phrh hiafta =`` Wumo ga phsth ga budths Wumo ga phsth phrh budths, tfpo eoitfta ]oeeo ga taneùd paquaøo ]oeeo ga taneùd krhdga Motas ga ef`pfh-iodthitos Motas ga hneobh-togo @hsfeeh phrh soeghgurh nràh Nfbhgor ga aspèrrhkos Budths aspfro`atèefihs ga vhrfhs `agfghs Ifdth hfsehdta Kuhdtas ]oeeos ga phpae iod soporta ]hioraràh gfvarsh dau`ètfih Buako ga budths tùrfihs Wumo vfdfeo Hghpthgoras y rhioras gfvarsos Wordfeearàh
]AIQ]YOY JQ@HDOY AD @HDWADF@FADWO.
@otfvhifùd. \oefvheadifh. Orkhdfkrh`hs ga `hdtadf`fadto . Hdèefsfs ga puastos ga trhmhbo ad `hdtadf`fadto .
Jhia thd soeo udos høos (høos ><-;<), por ihgh gùehr khsthgo ad `hdo ga omrh ga `hdtadf`fadto ehs a`prashs khsthmhd = gùehras ad `htarfheas y rapuastos. Ehs posfmfefghgas ga optf`fzhifùd sa iadtrhmhd, puas, ad ae hjorro ga `htarfheas, puas iuhequfar hiifùd qua ragudghrh ad ud iodsu`o `ador ga rapuastos tadàh ud anaito `hyor somra ae rasuethgo keomhe qua ud fdtadto ga raguiifùd ga parsodhe. Eh sftuhifùd, joy ad gàh, ad iehrh`adta opuasth2 por ihgh gùehr khsthgo ad rapuastos eos gaphrth`adtos ga `hdtadf`fadto khsthd = gùehras ad `hdo ga omrh. :7
Iodvfada adtodias praoiuphrsa por eh `hdo ga omrh. Yf quara`os optf`fzhr (y optf`fzhr sfkdfnfih kadarhe`adta khsthr `ados phrh jhiar eo `fs`o o `ès), eos raiursos ju`hdos sod hjorh eh pfazh `ès f`porthdta, he pudto qua gama`os gfrfkfr duastrhs `frhghs musihdgo asa hjorro qua jhkh h eh a`prash sar `ès io`patftfvh. Gama`os jhiardos udh sarfa ga prakudths iehva, iuyh raspuasth dos fdgfihrè sf asth`os ad ae ih`fdo iorraito o do2 ¿Wada`os eh ihdtfghg ga parsodhe qua daiasfth`os? Yf tada`os `ès ga eos qua gama`os a`peahr, asthra`os garroijhdgo raiursos aiodù`fios. \aro sf tada`os `ados, ae tfa`po ga raspuasth puaga do sar ae hgaiuhgo, iod eo qua asthra`os `hekhsthdgo gfdaro ad nor`h ga pærgfghs ga proguiifùd. ¿Ae parsodhe qua tada`os rasueth hgaiuhgo? Gama`os prakudthrdos sf su nor`hifùd as eh qua gama tadar phrh pogar ghr raspuasth h ehs fdifgadifhs ga eh pehdth. \hrh shmar sf eh pehdtfeeh as eh hgaiuhgh, tada`os qua tadar ad iuadth sf eh praphrhifùd qua tadàhd iuhdgo sa eas iodtrhtù par`fta udh nor`hifùd postarfor `ès aspaiànfih, o sf asth nor`hifùd arh thd mèsfih qua jhy qua io`adzhr por udh praphrhifùd kadarhe. Jhy qua shmar iuèe as eh mhsa fdfifhe iod eh qua iuadth ihgh fdtakrhdta gae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto a fgadtfnfihr sus ihradifhs.
¿Ae parsodheorkhdfzhtfvh astè orkhdfzhgo `ogo hgaiuhgo? Asth prakudth jhia ranaradifh astruiturh gae gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto (orkhdfkrh`h) y hh eh eh astruiturh nudifodhe, asto as, h eh orkhdfzhifùd por turdos o por aspaifhefghgas. Do toghs ehs pehdths daiasfthd ae `fs`o `ogaeo orkhdfzhtfvo2 puastos qua sod daiashrfos ad udhs pehdths puagad sar do radthmeas ad otrhs, y eh orkhdfzhifùd gae roe ga turdos gae parsodhe astè ad nudifùd ga ehs daiasfghgas ga proguiifùd. ¿Ae parsodhe tfada ae radgf`fadto hgaiuhgo? \oga`os tadar ae parsodhe qua daiasfth`os, ae `ès nor`hgo phrh su puasto y parnaith`adta orkhdfzhgo ga hiuargo h ehs daiasfghgas ga eh a`prash, paro sf ae radgf`fadto qua omtada`os ga aeeos as fdsunfifadta asthra`os ga duavo garroijhdgo raiursos. Gama`os adtodias adiodtrhr nor`hs ga pogar io`promhr asa radgf`fadto, ga nfbhr ud ombatfvo y ga shmar gùdga asth`os ad ihgh `o`adto. Gama`os fgadtfnfihr ehs rhzodas ga radgf`fadtos mhbos (phrh iorrakfr) y ga radgf`fadtos aspaifhe`adta hetos (phrh hpradgar ga aeeos).
@OWF^HIFÙD.
Ae parsodhe qua trhmhbh ad a`prashs ga `hdtadf`fadto, as parsodhe heko `ès io`pefihgo qua ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd o ae hg`fdfstrhtfvo. Wfada udhs ihrhitaràstfihs paiuefhras qua gamad sar tadfghs ad iuadth h eh jorh ga gaifgfr eh poeàtfih ga kastfùd ga asta parsodhe. Ad prf`ar eukhr, asta parsodhe do as nèife`adta sustftufmea. Do as nèife fr he `arihgo ehmorhe y adiodtrhr tæidfios iod nor`hifùd y axparfadifh ad eos aqufpos iodiratos qua jhy qua htadgar. \or thdto, as parsodhe he qua jhy qua raieuthr, nor`hr y `hdtadar (y ihsf `f`hr) ad eh a`prash. :1
Ad sakudgo eukhr, ae dfvae ga tadsfùd ad ud gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto as `ès heto qua ad otros gaphrth`adtos o adtordos, puas suaead asthr ad ae iadtro ga eos promea`hs ga udh nèmrfih. Iuhdgo suiaga ud fdifgadta, io`o udh phrhgh ga `èqufdh, udh a`arkadifh, ati., as ae parsodhe aspaifhefzhgo ae adihrkhgo ga su rasoeuifùd, ad ae tfa`po `ès mrava posfmea. Asto kadarh darvfos, tadsfùd, y astræs. Ad tariar eukhr, adtra ae parsodhe tæidfio aspaifhefzhgo suaea axfstfr `hyor dfvae ga io`patadifh adtra io`phøaros qua ad otros gaphrth`adtos3 buzkhd h `adugo ae trhmhbo rahefzhgo por eos otros, y asthmeaiad su propfo ―rhdcfdk‐ ga vheàh, qua fdieuso puaga sar gfnaradta ga udos oparhrfos h otros. Wogos astos nhitoras jhiad qua ae parsodhe tæidfio sah gfstfdto h otros y daiasfta ud trhth`fadto aspaifhe. Qdh ga ehs iehvas ga su radgf`fadto astè fdgughmea`adta efkhgh h su `otfvhifùd. He parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto do sa ea gama axfkfr df f`podar. Do sa puaga gfrfkfr h asta parsodhe ―iod ud eètfko‐, df sa eas puaga pagfr qua do pfadsad y qua soeo trhmhbad (he astfeo Whyeorfhdo). Ad ih`mfo, ae parsodhe `otfvhgo hihmhrè hdtas udh thrah, podgrè su fdtaefkadifh y su shmar-jhiar he sarvfifo ga eos fdtarasas ga eh a`prash y do tadgrè ae `fs`o voeu`ad ga tfa`pos pargfgos qua ae parsodhe qua hiuga gfhrfh`adta h su trhmhbo sfd `ès ombatfvo qua jhiar eo `àdf`o phrh qua do ea gaspfghd. Jaijos qua `otfvhd he parsodhe tæidfio aspaifhefzhgo.
As fdgughmea qua jhy udh sarfa ga jaijos qua no`adthd eh `otfvhifùd gae a`peahgo. \or supuasto, eh `hyoràh sod hpefihmeas h iuhequfar trhmhbhgor3 paro ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto tfada daiasfghgas y io`porth`fadtos paiuefhras, qua as daiashrfo tadar `uy ad iuadth. Adtra eos sfkufadtas2
jaijos
qua
`otfvhd
he
parsodhe
ga
`hdtadf`fadto
astèd
eos
Xua sus opfdfodas sahd asiuijhghs. Xua iuhdgo soefifth heko qua daiasfth sa eh nhifefta iod rhpfgaz. Ae tæidfio daiasfth heragagor. Yf do eo va, æe `fs`o iharè ad fdanfihifh, padshdgovar quaanfihifh h dhgfaheasuf`porth. Dothr qua eh a`prash ea iodsfgarh ud trhmhbhgor vhefoso, y do ud sf`pea dò`aro. Xua sus `hdgos ea trhthd iod raspato. Xua eh ihdtfghg ga gfdaro qua khdh ea par`fta iumrfr sus daiasfghgas, y qua io`phrhtfvh`adta iod otros gaphrth`adtos, ad su shehrfo astèd iodsfgarhgos thdto su dfvae ga aspaifhefzhifùd io`o ehs iodgfifodas ga tadsfùd jhmftuheas ad astos trhmhbos.
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Io`o `otfvhr he parsodhe tæidfio aspaifhefzhgo .
Io`o iodsaiuadifh ga eo hdtarfor, as posfmea shihr udh sarfa ga iodieusfodas somra ae io`porth`fadto qua sa gama onraiar h ud muad tæidfio he qua sa qufara iodsarvhr y `otfvhr2
Asiuijhr sus sukaradifhs. Asthmeaiar ud sfsta`h qua par`fth goiu`adthr y avheuhr sus propuasths ga `aborh, ranarfghs h eh fdsthehifùd, h eos `agfos y jarrh`fadths qua daiasfth y h eh orkhdfzhifùd gae gaphrth`adto. Ghrea nor`hifùd, y sf as posfmea, gurhdta su bordhgh ehmorhe. Qd tæidfio (somra togo sf as bovad) as udh parsodh èvfgh ga duavos iodoif`fadtos, ga gashrroeehr duavhs gastrazhs. Fdtarashrsa ga `hdarh parfùgfih por ehs gfnfiuethgas ga su trhmhbo. Yhmar sf tfada togo eo qua daiasfth ad iuhdto h roph, jarrh`fadths, `agfos tæidfios, rapuastos3 iodoiar ga su propfh voz eos rfaskos ga su trhmhbo3 iodoiar ehs iodgfifodas gae theear, jorhrfos, ati.
Jaijos qua gas`otfvhd he parsodhe tæidfio aspaifhefzhgo.
Avfgadta`adta, he fkuhe qua jhy udh sarfa ga nhitoras y hituhifodas qua iodtrfmuyad `uy posftfvh`adta h eh `otfvhifùd gae parsodhe, jhy togh udh sarfa ga hspaitos qua eo jhiad dakhtfvh`adta2
Io`atar arroras hg`fdfstrhtfvos ad ae ièeiueo ga dù`fdhs, iù`puto ga jorhs, ratrhsos ad ae phko ga shehrfos, y iuhequfar ifriudsthdifh qua hnaita aiodù`fih`adta he trhmhbhgor. Hgqufrfr io`pro`fsos iod asta parsodhe qua gaspuæs do sa iu`pehd. Astos io`pro`fsos puagad sar ga iuhequfar dhturheazh2 aiodù`fios, io`pro`fsos phrh hgqufrfr gatar`fdhgos `agfos, ati. Do rasoevar iod rhpfgaz sus daiasfghgas raspaito he trhmhbo, ad udh iodsueth tæidfih, ad eh hgqufsfifùd ga ud `htarfhe, ati. Xua ae voeu`ad ga trhmhbo sah `uy suparfor he parsodhe gfspodfmea phrh rahefzhreo. Xua ae trhmhbo astæ `he orkhdfzhgo. Xua ehs hvaràhs sahd sfa`pra ehs `fs`hs, y do sa jhkh dhgh phrh ih`mfhr asth sftuhifùd. Eh fdsakurfghg somra su nuturo pronasfodhe, somra togo ad `o`adtos ga rahbusta ga parsodhe. Gfrfkfrsa h æe jhmftuhe`adta ga nor`h mrusih y poio raspatuosh. Yhdifodhrea, yh sah por ihushs proiagadtas o f`proiagadtas. Ad asta sadtfgo, hdtas ga f`podar udh shdifùd jhy qua tadar ad iuadth ae anaito qua tadgrè æsth somra su `orhe. Eh nheth ga hpoyo tæidfio iuhdgo sa adiuadtrh hdta udh hvaràh qua do as ihphz ga rasoevar. Nheth ga raiodoif`fadto h su muad gasa`paøo ehmorhe. Do tadar ad iuadth sus opfdfodas, fkdorhr sus quabhs. :;
Xua su suparfor sa hprovaija ga sus sukaradifhs phrh prasadthrehs io`o propfhs hdta otrhs parsodhs ga eh orkhdfzhifùd.
Xuæ jhiar hdta ud tæidfio gas`otfvhgo.
Qd oparhrfo gas`otfvhgo tfada ud radgf`fadto `uy fdnarfor h ud oparhrfo `otfvhgo, iod ae `fs`o dfvae gasah praphrhifùd. fdieuso, `uy qua udpraphrhgo, oparhrfo `otfvhgo iod poios iodoif`fadtos `ès òtfe Asquaposfmea, ud oparhrfo paro hmsoeuth`adta gas`otfvhgo. Hdta ud tæidfio aspaifhefzhgo iod `orhe mhbh, qua jh pargfgo ae fdtaræs por eh a`prash y por su trhmhbo, as posfmea jhiar tras ioshs2 trhthr ga raiodguifr su sftuhifùd phrh qua raiupara eh feusfùd por su trhmhbo, gaspagfrea o fdvfthrea h qua hmhdgoda eh a`prash. \hrh raiodguifr su sftuhifùd, jhy qua fdvastfkhr ehs ihushs ga su gas`otfvhifùd. Yf adtra ehs ihushs sa hpraifhd arroras qua jh io`atfgo eh a`prash, as posfmea fdtadthr soeuifodhr asths ihushs ga`ostrèdgoea anaitfvh`adta qua ehs ioshs jhd ih`mfhgo. Ad astos ihsos, `abor jaijos qua pro`ashs. Hsà, sf eh ihush ga su gas`otfvhifùd astè ad eh fdanfihifh ga eh `hdo ga omrh fdgfraith phrh pehdfnfihr eos trhmhbos, iodsakufr `htarfheas, ati., sa jhia daiashrfo fdvastfkhr asthshekudhs ihushs, y to`hr ihrths ad aequahsudto ragfstrfmuyadgo nudifodas raorkhdfzhdgo èrahs. \uaga sar th`mfæd do tadkh rhzùd ad su quabh, hdta eoo iuhe jhmrè qua trhthr ga ga`ostrhrea su arror ga hpraifhifùd. As posfmea qua ehs ihushs ga su asthgo ga èdf`o sahd axtardhs (promea`hs nh`fefhras, adnar`aghg, sftuhifùd aiodù`fih, ati.), hdta eo iuhe eo òdfio qua sa puaga jhiar as ghrea èdf`os o `ostrhrea soefghrfghg. Yf do as posfmea raiodguifr eh sftuhifùd, ehs opifodas sod ae gaspfgo o eh fdvfthifùd he iasa voeudthrfo. Ae gaspfgo puaga hrku`adthrsa ad raehifùd h su mhbo radgf`fadto, paro jhy qua tadar ad iuadth eh gfnfiuethg phrh ga`ostrhr asta mhbo radgf`fadto hdta udh posfmea ga`hdgh por gaspfgo fdbustfnfihgo. \or òetf`o, eh fdvfthifùd he iasa voeudthrfo puaga jhiarsa ga `hdarh fdiadtfvhgh, onraifadgo he trhmhbhgor udh ifarth fdga`dfzhifùd, o iodvadifædgoea phrh qua hmhdgoda eh a`prash voeudthrfh`adta, sfd `ès. \OEF^HEADIFH.
Wrhgfifodhe`adta, eos gaphrth`adtos ga `hdtadf`fadto sa jhd gfvfgfgo ad tras saiifodas2 `aièdfih, aeaitrfifghg a fdstru`adthifùd. Ehs hitfvfghgas ga asths saiifodas o sum gaphrth`adtos arhd nfbhs, ga `hdarh qua ae ih`po ga hiifùd ga ihgh udh ga aeehs asthmh parnaith`adta gaef`fthgo. H ud `aièdfio do sa ea oiurràh toihr dhgh qua tuvfarh qua var iod eh aeaitrfifghg, y phrh ud fdstru`adtfsth arh gashkrhghmea `hdijhrsa ehs `hdos. Fdieuso, jhmàh ud sfsta`h ―ga iehsa soifhe‐ asthmeaifgo2 eh æefta o ―bat sat‐ gae `hdtadf`fadto eo nor`hmhd eos fdstru`adtfsths, eh iehsa heth eh nor`hmhd eos aeaitrfifsths y ehs `aièdfios nor`hmhd ―ae proeathrfhgo‐ . H eh jorh ga hio`atar eh raphrhifùd ga ud `otor, por aba`peo, ae adihrkhgo ga gasiodaithreo arh ae aeæitrfio, `fadtrhs qua ratfrhreo ga eh mhsa ::
y ih`mfhr ud rogh`fadto arh udh thrah rasarvhgh he `aièdfio, ad eh qua ae aeaitrfifsth do sa f`pefihmh. \or gaskrhifh phrh eos raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto y phrh eos raspodshmeas ga su prasupuasto, ash sftuhifùd do jh ih`mfhgo `uijo. Ad eh `hyoràh ga ehs krhdgas a`prashs eos gaphrth`adtos ga aeaitrfifghg, `aièdfih a fdstru`adthifùd sfkuad sfadgo astètfios, omsarvèdgosa udh `àdf`h par`ahmfefghg adtra aeaitrfifsths a fdstru`adtfsths. Yùeo hekudhs a`prashs astèd opthdgo por irahr gaphrth`adtos òdfios. \aro sa adiuadtrhd iod gos gfnfiuethgas2
Do jhy parsodhe poefvheadta ad ae `arihgo, y gamad nor`hreo ad ae sado ga eh propfh a`prash. Eos pehdas ga nor`hifùd tfadad gfnfiuethgas phrh eeavhrsa h ihmo, suaead asthr `he astruiturhgos, iuadthd iod mhbo prasupuasto, sa rahefzhd nuarh gae jorhrfo ehmorhe, eh hsfstadifh as voeudthrfh, ati. Ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto as rahifo h eh poefvheadifh, y pranfara `hdtadar hitfvfghgas saphrhghs. Eh hiifùd sfdgfihe (sf axfsta) no`adth asth hitftug.
8. ^adthbhs a fdiodvadfadtas ga eh aspaifhefzhifùd. Ehs vadthbhs `ès f`porthdtas ga eh aspaifhefzhifùd as qua, he tadar ud èrah `ador ad eh qua iadtrhr ae hpradgfzhba y ae adtradh`fadto, as posfmea pronudgfzhr `ès, y ae iodoif`fadto qua sa tfada ga eos aqufpos as `ès axjhustfvo. Asth as eh vadthbh ga eh aspaifhefzhifùd ad kadarhe2 sa puaga iodoiar `ès h nodgo heko sf ae è`mfto as `ador.
Adtra eos fdiodvadfadtas asthràhd eos sfkufadtas2
Ad fdtarvadifodas qua raqufarad ga vhrfhs aspaifhefghgas, ae radgf`fadto gfs`fduya. Qdh thrah asthrè io`puasth por vhrfhs sum thrahs, hekudhs ga ehs iuheas sarèd aeæitrfihs, y otrhs `aièdfihs, por aba`peo. Eh asparh ga ud aspaifhefsth gurhdta ae tfa`po ad (udos qua trhmhbhd otros astæd trhmhbhdgo jhrè qua radgf`fadto gfs`fduyh `fadtrhs otros asparhd h quaaeasos hihmad). gae parsodhe Hu`adth ae dò`aro ga parsodhs f`prasifdgfmeas. Iuhdth `hyor aspaifhefzhifùd jhyh, `hyor sarè ae dò`aro ga parsodhs òdfihs qua rahefzhd udh sarfa ga thrahs aspaiànfihs ad ehs qua do jhy dhgfa `ès iod eh nor`hifùd y adtradh`fadto daiashrfos. Hu`adth ae dò`aro ga oparhrfos qua sa daiasfthd ad ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto, somra togo ad paquaøhs y `agfhdhs a`prashs.
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=. Ae no`adto ga eh poefvheadifh. Eh poefvheadifh io`o tèitfih phrh eh optf`fzhifùd.
Eh poefvheadifh ga ud oparhrfo ga `hdtadf`fadto as eh hdtàtasfs ga eh aspaifhefzhifùd. Yfkdfnfih eh posfmfefghg ga qua ud oparhrfo ga `hdtadf`fadto puagh fdtarvadfr ad thrahs ga gfvarsh àdgoea raehifodhgh iod `hdtadf`fadto. Eh poefvheadifh tothe sfkdfnfihràh qua ud oparhrfo ga `hdtadf`fadto pugfarh fdtarvadfr ad iuhequfar raphrhifùd ga iuhequfar dhturheazh gadtro ga eh a`prash. No`adthr eh poefvheadifh soeuifodh eos fdiodvadfadtas qua adiodtrh`os ad eh aspaifhefzhifùd2 gfs`fduya ae dò`aro ga parsodhs f`prasifdgfmeas (`ès parsodhs nor`hghs phrh ud dò`aro `hyor ga thrahs), hu`adth ae radgf`fadto, y par`fta gfs`fdufr ae dò`aro ga raiursos ju`hdos gae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto. Eos rasuethgos aiodù`fios ga eh poefvheadifh sod thd nhvorhmeas qua joy ad gàh iuhequfar a`prash qua qufarh raguifr sus iostos (as gaifr, ihsf toghs ehs a`prashs) gama pehdtaèrsaeh io`o `agfo phrh iodsakufr asta ombatfvo. Qdh prakudth qua dos surka iuhdgo fdtadth`os pehdtahr eh poefvheadifh as io`o anaituhr eh trhdsfifùd gasga udh sftuhifùd ga aspaifhefzhifùd jhifh udh godga eos oparhrfos ga `hdtadf`fadto puaghd anaituhr `òetfpeas nudifodas. Eos phsos qua gama`os ghr sod eos sfkufadtas2
Fgadtfnfihr thrahs axieusfvhs. Yod thrahs axieusfvhs hquaeehs qua sùeo rahefzhd ud dò`aro `uy paquaøo ga oparhrfos. Fgadtfnfihr thrahs susiaptfmeas ga sar rahefzhghs por parsodhe ga otrhs aspaifhefghgas. Do toghs ehs thrahs puagad sar rahefzhghs por iuhequfar oparhrfo (hekudhs daiasfthd udh heth nor`hifùd y ud parfogo ehrko ga adtradh`fadto phrh sar gashrroeehghs iod anfihifh), paro otrhs `uijhs puagad sar rahefzhghs por iuhequfar oparhrfo iod ud parfogo ga nor`hifùd `àdf`o. As ae ihso ga gatar`fdhghs `agfifodas, ga eh gasiodaxfùd ga ud `otor o ga trhmhbos ga soeghgurh ga poih advarkhgurh. Gashrroeehr ud \ehd ga Nor`hifùd qua fdieuyh adtradh`fadto ad eh rahefzhifùd ga thrahs qua sa iodsfgarad axieusfvhs y ad hquaeehs thrahs qua sa iodsfgarad susiaptfmeas ]ahefzhr asa ga pehdkadarhefzhrsa. ga nor`hifùd. \or supuasto, do sùeo gama`os quaghrdos ad eh nhsa ga gfsaøo gae pehd, sfdo qua gama`os asthmeaiar raiursos y pehzos daiashrfos phrh rahefzhreo, pehdfnfihreo y eeavhreo h ihmo. ]aghithr proiagf`fadtos ga trhmhbo a fdstruiifodas tæidfihs. Yf toghs ehs hitfvfghgas qua rahefzh ae gaphrth`adto astuvfarhd hgaiuhgh y gatheehgh`adta axpefihghs, iod fdstruiifodas y proiagf`fadtos iehros y adtadgfmeas por iuhequfar oparhrfo (h vaias eeh`hgos tu`mh-murros), eh axieusfvfghg, eh aspaifhefzhifùd y ae sar f`prasifdgfmea do saràhd ud promea`h. Eh raghiifùd ga asta tfpo ga goiu`adtos khrhdtfzh qua iuhequfar oparhrfo gfspodgrè ad togo `o`adto ga eh fdnor`hifùd daiashrfh phrh rahefzhr iuhequfar thrah. ]aio`padshr aiodù`fih`adta eh poefvheadifh. Yf sa ravfarta ad eos propfos oparhrfos udh phrta gae hjorro qua supoda phrh eh a`prash tadar parsodhe poefvheadta, sa iodsfkua `otfvhr he parsodhe h qua opta por eh do-aspaifhefzhifùd. As 6<
f`porthdta qua, phrh qua tadkh hekòd anaito, gama nfkurhr ad su dù`fdh io`o ud phko axtrh io`pea`adthrfo por poefvheadifh, ad vaz ga hu`adthr ae kruaso shehrfhe prfdifphe. Irahr ihtakoràhs ad nudifùd ga eh poefvheadifh. Gatar`fdhghs a`prashs qua jhd opthgo por eh poefvheadifh jhd asthmeaifgo udh gfnaradifh adtra ae parsodhe nor`hgo ad vhrfhs aspaifhefghgas y ae parsodhe aspaifhefzhgo. Eh ihtakoràh `ès heth iorraspodga he parsodhe poefvheadta. Asta hu`adto ga ihtakoràh puaga tadar o do udh rapariusfùd Yaeaiifodhr aiodù`fih. he parsodhe ga duavo fdkraso iod eh iodgfifùd ga sar poefvheadta. \hrh eeavhr h anaito asth nor`h ga no`adto ga eh do-aspaifhefzhifùd, thd sùeo as daiashrfo qua he duavo parsodhe sa ea axfbh adtra ehs iodgfifodas phrh su iodtrhthifùd tadar iodoif`fadto y/o axparfadifh ad gfvarshs aspaifhefghgas.
O]KHDFK]H@HY GA @HDWADF@FADWO. Wrhthra`os hjorh iù`o sa orkhdfzh eh pehdtfeeh ga `hdtadf`fadto, iuèe as su astruiturh barèrqufih. Ganfdh`os, puas, hekudos orkhdfkrh`hs tàpfios ad gaphrth`adtos ga `hdtadf`fadto. Orkhdfkrh`h mèsfio.
Eh sftuhifùd `ès sadifeeh puaga sar hquaeeh ga udh a`prash `agfhdh, iod udh pehdtfeeh ga `ados ga 81 parsodhs. Asthràh iodstftufgh por ud Bana ga @hdtadf`fadto, io`o raspodshmea `èxf`o gae gaphrth`adto. Ga æe gapadgaràh ae parsodhe gfraito, hkruphgos ad gos ihtakoràhs2 onfifheas y hyughdtas. Eos gaphrth`adtos iadtrheas ga ihefghg, sakurfghg y `agfoh`mfadta ghràhd hpoyo he Bana ga @hdtadf`fadto, paro sfd gapadgar ga æsta, df barèrqufih df nudifodhe`adta.
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Ae Orkhdfkrh`h ga asta tfpo sa omsarvh ad eh sfkufadta nfkurh2
Astruiturh hvhdzhgh.
Iuhdgo ae dò`aro ga oparhrfos iraia, as daiashrfo pravar udh orkhdfzhifùd `ès io`peath, qua iodta`pea eh irahifùd ga udh sarfa ga puastos aspaiànfios, io`o hpoyo he parsodhe gfraito y io`o hyugh phrh nhifefthr eh kastfùd gae gaphrth`adto. Hekudos ga astos puastos astèd raehifodhgos iod ehmoras ga iodtroe gae parsodhe gfraito (Yuparvfsoras, Banas ga Aqufpo, ati.). Otros, ad ih`mfo, sa oiuphd ga ehmoras ga kastfùd y hpoyo, trhthdgo qua ae parsodhe gfraito do tadkh qua praoiuphrsa ga udh sarfa ga trhmhbos, phrh eos qua hga`ès do tfada por quæ asthr aspaifhe`adta praphrhgo. Qd orkhdfkrh`h ad ae qua sa iodta`pea asth astruiturh hvhdzhgh puaga sar ae sfkufadta2
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Orkhdfkrh`h io`peabo.
Ad ae ihso ga qua eh pehdth sah udh krhd nhitoràh iod vhrfhs gaiadhs ga oparhrfos (fdieuso ifadtos) ga `hdtadf`fadto, iod vhrfos iadtros ga trhmhbo iehrh`adta gfnaradifhgos gadtro ga eh nhitoràh, ehs astruiturhs axpuasths puagad sar fdsunfifadtas phrh pogar kastfodhr hgaiuhgh`adta eh nudifùd `hdtadf`fadto. Qdh astruiturh puaga adtra sar eh aequaGfraitor sa iodta`peh ad eh nfkurh sfkufadta. Ad aeeh omsarvh`os eh io`peabh gfnaradifhifùd ga @hdtadf`fadto y eos Banas ga @hdtadf`fadto ga ehs gfvarshs èrahs. Asths hærahs, ad kadarhe sarèd zodhs ga eh a`prash sunfifadta`adta h`pefhs y gfsthdtas, qua do bustfnfihd eh irahifùd ga ud òdfio gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Gapadgfadgo gae Gfraitor, astèd udh sarfa ga sum gaphrth`adtos sthnn, io`o sod Yakurfghg, Hg`fdfstrhifùd, Onfifdh Wæidfih, He`hiæd o Io`prhs. Ad eo raehtfvo h Onfifdh Wæidfih, jhmrè udh sarfa ga nudifodas qua gapadghd ga asta raspodshmea2 gaefdahdta (ad `uijhs oihsfodas, somra togo sf `hdtadf`fadto sa oiuph ga `ogfnfihifodas o ga duavhs fdsthehifodas), hdhefsth ga hvaràhs, pehdfnfihgoras, parsodhe gagfihgo he sfsta`h ga kastfùd ga `hdtadf`fadto hsfstfgo por io`puthgorh (thdto krhmhgoras ga ghtos io`o f`pehdthgoras o tæidfios ga soporta), ati. Ae parsodhe ga Yakurfghg puaga sar parsodhe hgsirfto he gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto, o parsodhe hsfkdhgo he Gaphrth`adto ga Yakurfghg ga eh a`prash. Gapadgfadgo gae Gfraitor Kadarhe asthrèd eos Banas ga @hdtadf`fadto ga ihgh udh ga ehs èrahs. Adtra aeeos sa adiuadtrh ae Bana ga @hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhe, qua sa oiuphrè gae theear, 69
ga eos Yarvfifos Kadarheas y ga eos aspaifhefsths. Astos sod oparhrfos iod ud dfvae ga aspaifhefzhifùd `uy heto, iuyh gapadgadifh ga ehs èrahs do astè bustfnfihgh, por do daiasfthrsa udh prasadifh par`hdadta ga asth hitfvfghg. As `ès iodvadfadta ad asos ihsos iadtrhefzhr toghs ehs daiasfghgas ga asths aspaifhefghgas ad @hdtadf`fadto Iadtrhe, qua gastfdhrè ae parsodhe daiashrfo iuhdgo sa raqufarh, optf`fzhdgo hsà ehs daiasfghgas ga ud parsodhe ihro y asihso. Ihgh èrahs puaga tadar h ga su udh vaz aspaifhefghg vhrfos Banas ga Aqufpo, qua Bana sa adihrkhrèd iodtroeudh ga ga ud ehs turdo (Banas ga Wurdo), (Bana Aeæitrfio, @aièdfio gae èrah, ati.) o ga udh sum zodh (Banas ga zodh), ga eos qua gapadgarèd h su vaz ud dò`aro gatar`fdhgo ga oparhrfos (onfifheas y hyughdtas).
HQGFWO]ÀHY GA @HDWADF@FADWO Hugftoràhs tæidfihs. 8. Xuæ as udh hugftoràh tæidfih.
Qdh hugftoràh tæidfih o avheuhifùd tæidfih gae asthgo ga udh fdsthehifùd hdhefzh eh gakrhghifùd qua jh sunrfgo udh fdsthehifùd iod ae phso gae tfa`po. As udh aspaifa ga notokrhnàh fdsthdtèdah gae asthgo tæidfio ad qua sa adiuadtrh ae iodbudto ga udh fdsthehifùd y ga ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos qua eh io`podad. \uaga gaifrsa qua udh hugftoràh tæidfih sfrva phrh gatar`fdhr toghs ehs nheehs qua prasadth udh pehdth fdgustrfhe ad ud `o`adto gatar`fdhgo. Iod asos ghtos, as posfmea gatar`fdhr quæ aqufpos daiasfthd sar sustftufgos io`peath`adta, por jhmar eeakhgo he nfdhe ga su vfgh òtfe, y quæ raphrhifodas jhmràh qua anaituhr ad eh fdsthehifùd phrh qua voevfarh h asthr ad ud asthgo tæidfio hiapthmea. \or supuasto, su rahefzhifùd raqufara ud pronudgo iodoif`fadto ga eh fdsthehifùd, por eo qua sùeo puaga sar rahefzhgo por parsodhe axparto ga eos aqufpos prfdifpheas y huxfefhras qua io`podad eh pehdth, y iod udh ga`ostrhgh axparfadifh ad asa tfpo ga trhmhbo. =. Yftuhifodas ad ehs qua as fdtarashdta rahefzhr udh hugftoràh tæidfih. H. \uasth h pudto ga fdsthehifodas.
Ad fdsthehifodas gakrhghghs, aspaifhe`adta ad hquaeehs ad qua por su tfa`po ga nudifodh`fadto rasuethràh eùkfio, eos raspodshmeas ga eh pehdth puagad pehdtahrsa rahefzhr udh hugftoràh tæidfih iod ae ombatfvo ga `aborhr eos rasuethgos ga proguiifùd. Eh hugftoràh puaga sar rahefzhgh por eos propfos tæidfios qua jhmftuhe`adta trhmhbhd ad aeeh, gfrfkfgos fdieuso por ae raspodshmea ga `hdtadf`fadto2 iod nhifefghg y rhpfgaz, sarèd ihphias ga fgadtfnfihr prèitfih`adta togos eos pudtos ga eh pehdth qua sa adiuadtrhd ad `he asthgo. Fdieuso, do sarè daiashrfo qua rahefiad dfdkudh pruamh, yh qua su trhmhbo gae gàh h gàh jhia qua tadkhd udh vfsfùd parnaith`adta iehrh ga togos eos pudtos qua jhy qua soeuifodhr. 67
Ad ae ihso ga qua ae dfvae tæidfio ga eos pronasfodheas jhmftuheas do sah ae daiashrfo phrh rahefzhr udh avheuhifùd ga asta tfpo, qua sa tadkh gughs somra su f`phrifhefghg y muad irftarfo, o sf`pea`adta, qua sa qufarh tadar udh opfdfùd axtardh, sa raiurra h a`prashs aspaifhefzhghs (outsourifdk). Jhy qua tadar ad iuadth qua hudqua ae iodoif`fadto ga eh fdsthehifùd qua tfadad eos tæidfios qua jhmftuhe`adta trhmhbhd heeà as `uy heto, eh iostu`mra jhia qua do vahd gatar`fdhghs nheehs o qua dos eas iodiaghd f`porthdifh, sf`pea`adta hiostu`mrhgo h iodvfvfrjhmftuhe iod asos As sorpradgadta ad asa sadtfgoporqua io`o sa ae jhd parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto y/opromea`hs. sus raspodshmeas do sod h vaias ihphias ga fgadtfnfihr ad ud fdnor`a udh if`adthifùd hkrfathgh, eh nheth ga protaiifodas ga sakurfghg ga udh `èqufdh, udh tumaràh qua eeavh høos gasioekhgh, ud krhva promea`h ga iorrosfùd qua hnaith h udh astruiturh, ati. Eh iodtrhthifùd axtardh ga asta tfpo ga trhmhbos, hga`ès ga hporthr udos iodoif`fadtos y axparfadifh qua eos tæidfios propfos do tfadad por quæ tadar, hporth udh vfsfùd f`phrifhe y do iodth`fdhgh por ae gàh h gàh.
M. Avheuhifùd eh oparhifùd y ae `hdtadf`fadto ga udh fdsthehifùd.
As fdgughmea qua eh ihefghg gae `hdtadf`fadto y ga eh nor`h ga oparhr udh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe raneabogaadproguiifùd ae asthgo tæidfio ad qua sa adiuadtrh ad ga ihgh `o`adto. asth nor`h,tfada sf ae su parsodhe y ae ga `hdtadf`fadto trhmhbhd nor`h ùptf`h,Ga eh pehdth sa `hdtadgrè ad muad asthgo gurhdta eh vfgh òtfe astf`hgh fdfifhe`adta, fdieuso `uijo `ès tfa`po. Ad ih`mfo, sf hekudh ga asths èrahs do astè kastfodhgh iorraith`adta, eh fdsthehifùd sa rasadtfrè, gfs`fduyadgo eh nfhmfefghg, eh gfspodfmfefghg y eh vfgh òtfe. \or thdto, udh nor`h ga avheuhr sf eh proguiifùd y ae `hdtadf`fadto sod ùptf`os o axiaeadtas as io`promhr parfùgfih`adta ad quæ asthgo sa adiuadtrh eh fdsthehifùd, axh`fdhdgo thdto ae iodbudto ga eh fdsthehifùd io`o ihgh udo ga sus io`podadtas prfdifpheas. Iod aeeo sa iodsfkua por ud ehgo ‚notokrhnfhr‖ ae asthgo ga eh fds thehifùd ad ihgh `o`adto, paro por otro, fgadtfnfihr jèmftos ga proguiifùd o `hdtadf`fadto fdiorraitos. I. Avheuhifùd ga eh kastfùd ga ud iodtrhtfsth ga oparhifùd y/o `hdtadf`fadto. Eos iodtrhtos ga oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto (iodtrhtos O&@) y eos iodtrhtos ga `hdtadf`fadto fdtakrhe vhd khdhdgo tarrado ad gatar`fdhgos tfpos ga fdsthehifùd, io`o ehs pehdths ga proguiifùd ga adarkàh y hekudos tfpos ga pehdths raehifodhghs iod ae patrùeao. Ad aeehs, io`o sa varè he jhmehr ga asta tfpo ga iodtrhtos, ae propfathrfo y/o gfraitor hitòh io`o `aro fdvarsfodfsth y sa gasadtfadga io`peath`adta ga eh oparhifùd y/o ae `hdtadf`fadto ga eh pehdth, iodtrhthdgo phrh ashs nudifodas udh a`prash aspaifhefzhgh.
Iuhdgo trhdsiurrfgo ud tfa`po ga nudifodh`fadto ga astos iodtrhtos, y aspaifhe`adta iuhdgo jhd ga radovhrsa o iuhdgo vhd h ihdiaehrsa, ae propfathrfo y/o gfraitor daiasfth iodoiar ae asthgo ad qua sa adiuadtrh eh fdsthehifùd y eh kastfùd ga eos hitfvos qua jh rahefzhgo su iodtrhtfsth. Ad astos ihsos, astè `ès qua bustfnfihgo iodtrhthr h udh a`prash 61
axtardh a fdgapadgfadta qua hdhefia eh fdsthehifùd y gatar`fda togos eos pudtos qua sa adiuadtrh ad ud asthgo fdhiapthmea. Asta tfpo ga hituhifodas tfada gos anaitos2
\or ud ehgo, khrhdtfzh qua eh fdsthehifùd tadgrè udh ehrkh vfgh òtfe. \or otro ehgo jhia qua ae iodtrhtfsth sa sfadth ―omsarvhgo‐ , somra togo sf eh
rahefzhifùd ga hugftoràhs sa rahefzh ga nor`h parfùgfih. G. Oparhifodas ga io`prh o vadth ga fdsthehifodas. Qd iefadta qua io`prh udh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe ad ud proiaso ga nusfùd o ga hgqufsfifùd ga a`prashs daiasfth iodoiar ae asthgo ad qua sa adiuadtrhd eos hitfvos. Eh `abor nor`h ga eeavhreo h ihmo as iodthr iod eos sarvfifos ga udh a`prash axtardh, hbadh h eh oparhifùd, f`phrifhe, y axparth iodoiagorh ga asa tfpo ga fdsthehifùd. A. Astugfo ga udh posfmea fdvarsfùd, ravfsfùd o h`pefhifùd ad udh pehdth fdgustrfhe.
Hdtas ga rahefzhr udh h`pefhifùd ga udh fdsthehifùd o rahefzhr udh phrhgh iod ud heto iosto, iodvfada tadar eh sakurfghg ga qua eh fdsthehifùd sa adiuadtrh ad ud asthgo sunfifadta`adta muado io`o fdvartfr ihdtfghg ga gfdaro iod eh ysakurfghg ga qua sarè radthmea. Hsà, phrh sf udh pehdthudh sa nuarta adiuadtrh nuarta`adta gakrhghgh gama hu`adthrsa su ihphifghg proguitfvh porqua ae `arihgo eo astè ga`hdghdgo, ae propfathrfo tadgrè qua vheorhr sf as pranarfmea h`pefhr eh pehdth o gfsaøhr udh duavh iod `hyor ihphifghg3 sf jhy qua rahefzhr udh ravfsfùd kadarhe iod ud heto iosto, jhmrè qua iodoiar iuèe as ae asthgo ga gatar`fdhgos aqufpos, puas puaga suiagar qua rahefzhr eh phrhgh y eh iorraspodgfadta fdvarsfùd rasuetad fdòtfeas ghgo ae asthgo ga eh fdsthehifùd. Asths gaifsfodas puagad to`hrsa ga `hdarh fdtuftfvh, o puaga iodthrsa iod eh hyugh ga udh a`prash aspaifhefzhgh phrh qua aehmora ud fdnor`a somra ae qua to`hr eh gaifsfùd. N. Hdèefsfs ga eh fdsthehifùd hdtas ga nfr`hr ud iodtrhto ga `hdtadf`fadto ga krhd heihdia.
Hdtas ga nfr`hr ud iodtrhto ga `hdtadf`fadto fdtakrhe o ud iodtrhto ga oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto ad udh fdsthehifùd qua eeava nudifodhdgo ud tfa`po mhbo eh raspodshmfefghg ga otro, y qua supodgrè eh hsudifùd ga krhdgas raspodshmfefghgas phrh eh a`prash iodtrhtfsth, as iodvadfadta qua æsth rahefia udh hugftoràh tæidfih phrh gatar`fdhr ad quæ asthgo sa adiuadtrh ehs fdsthehifodas. Iod eos rasuethgos ga ash hugftoràh ae iodtrhtfsth pogrè2
Gatar`fdhr iod `hyor axhitftug su prasupuasto y ae praifo ga eh onarth. Iodoiar eos trhmhbos ga puasth h pudto qua gama rahefzhr ad eh fdsthehifùd. Axieufr ad ae iodtrhto gatar`fdhghs raphrhifodas ga ehs qua ae iodtrhtfsth qua vh h fdfifhr su trhmhbo do as raspodshmea, y omefkhr he propfathrfo h adtrakhr he iodtrhtfsth udh pehdth ad muad asthgo. 6>
Iodoiar eos pudtos gæmfeas ga eh fdsthehifùd.
As udh ta`arfghg phrh udh a`prash iodtrhtfsth nfr`hr ud iodtrhto ga krhd heihdia sfd iodoiar iod axhitftug ae asthgo ad qua raifma eh fdsthehifùd. 9. Nor`h ga eeavhr h ihmo udh hugftoràh tæidfih . \hrh eeavhr h ihmo asta trhmhbo, dor`he`adta sa gfvfga eh fdsthehifùd ad èrahs. \hrh avheuhr ihgh udh ga aeehs, sa gfnaradifh adtra eo qua tfada qua jhiar (pudto ga vfsth nudifodhe), y iù`o iodsfkua jhiareo (pudto ga vfsth tæidfio).
\hrh hdhefzhr eh fdsthehifùd gasga ae pudto ga vfsth nudifodhe, ae prf`ar phso as ganfdfr eo qua tfada qua jhiar ash èrah, asto as, iuèe as su nudifùd o nudifodas a fdieuso as posfmea iuhdtfnfihreo nfbhdgo ehs aspaifnfihifodas qua gama iu`pefr. Gatar`fdhghs asths nudifodas, y nfbhgos eos rhdkos dor`heas ga nudifodh`fadto o aspaifnfihifodas, sa asthrè ad gfsposfifùd ga io`promhr sf ash èrah as ihphz ga iu`pefr eh nudifùd phrh eh qua astè gastfdhgh. Hsà, por aba`peo, eh nudifùd ga udh asthifùd ga khs as proporifodhr io`mustfmea khs h udh ta`parhturh, udh prasfùd y iod ud krhgo ga suifaghg gatar`fdhgos h eh adtrhgh gae aqufpo qua utfefzh asta io`mustfmea, `fgfadgo hga`ès ae ihughe iodsu`fgo. Yf iodsfkua jhiar asto iorraith`adta, ad eos gfnaradtas `ogos ga oparhifùd posfmeas, pogrè gaifrsa qua ae sfsta`h ―nudifodh‐ iorraith`adta. Ga asth nor`h sa io`pruamh sf gasga ud pudto ga vfsth nudifodhe eh pehdth iu`pea sus aspaifnfihifodas. \aro ehs aspaifnfihifodas puaga heihdzhrehs ga nor`h fdiorraith. \or aba`peo, ad eh asthifùd ga khs suaea jhmar gos nfetros ga adtrhgh, udo ga aeeos nudifodhdgo ad rasarvh por sf ae otro tuvfarh hekòd promea`h. As posfmea qua ae nfetro ga rasarvh astæ nuarh ga sarvfifo, fdieuso io`peath`adta gastrufgo. Eh asthifùd ga khs heihdzhrè sus aspaifnfihifodas iorraith`adta (gasga ud pudto ga vfsth nudifodhe ae sfsta`h nudifodh, iu`pea sus aspaifnfihifodas), paro iod udo ga eos nfetros nuarh ga sarvfifo. Yf sùeo sa hdhefzhd ehs aspaifnfihifodas keomheas gae èrah do saràh posfmea gatar`fdhr qua ud nfetro ga rasarvh astè nuarh ga sarvfifo. As fdgughmea qua eh nfhmfefghg ga eh pehdth do as eh `fs`h iod eos gos nfetros gfspodfmeas y ad muad asthgo qua iod udo. \or aeeo, do sùeo as daiashrfo iodoiar sf ud sfsta`h gatar`fdhgo heihdzh sus aspaifnfihifodas, sfdo th`mfæd iù`o ehs heihdzh (ad asta aba`peo, iod sus aqufpos ga rasarvh ad muad asthgo). \or togo aeeo, eh avheuhifùd tæidfih ga udh fdsthehifùd gama rahefzhrsa ad gos phrtas2 udh prf`arh, ad eh qua phrh ihgh èrah sa rahefzh udh sarfa ga pruamhs nudifodheas, qua trhthd ga gatar`fdhr sf ae èrah iu`pea su nudifùd parnaith`adta, y udh sarfa ga fdspaiifodas tæidfihs qua trhthd ga gatar`fdhr sf ae asthgo tæidfio ga ihgh udo ga eos aqufpos sfkdfnfihtfvos qua io`podad ash èrah as ae iorraito. ¿Jhsth quæ ef`fta jhy qua gatheehr ae astugfo? ¿As daiashrfo gatar`fdhr ae asthgo ga ihgh tordfeeo? Avfgadta`adta, do. Qd hdèefsfs axjhustfvo ga ihgh aea`adto qua io`poda eh pehdth jhràh qua ae astugfo nuarh ihro y ehrko. Ad ihgh ihso jhy qua gatar`fdhr jhsth gùdga eeakhr. Eh rahefzhifùd ga udh Hugftoràh Wæidfih do astè axadth ga gfnfiuethgas phrh su rahefzhifùd. Ehs gos nudgh`adtheas sod ae iosto y eh fdtarnaradifh iod eh dor`he axpeothifùd ga eh pehdth. Eh pehdfnfihifùd ga eh hugftoràh sa iodvfarta hsà ad udh iuastfùd nudgh`adthe, 6;
do sùeo phrh pogar rahefzhr asth he `àdf`o iosto posfmea, sfdo fdieuso phrh jhiareh vfhmea. \hrh nhifefthr su pehdfnfihifùd as daiashrfo gfvfgfr ae iodbudto ga pruamhs ad vhrfhs ihtakoràhs2
\ruamhs y/o fdspaiifodas qua puagad rahefzhrsa sfd fdtarnarfr iod eh oparhifùd dor`he ga eh pehdth y qua tfadad ud iosto mhbo o dueo. Ya trhth nudgh`adthe`adta ga fdspaiifodas eaiturhs phrè`atros, mfad iodphrh eh fdstru`adthifùd dor`he fdsthehgh ad ehvfsuheas pehdth oy iod otrh ga `odthgh axprash`adta eh rahefzhifùd ga asths pruamhs. Ya trhth th`mfæd ga ijaquaos ad aqufpos ragudghdtas o qua do tfadad ud nudifodh`fadto iodtfduo. \ruamhs qua fdtarnfarad iod eh oparhifùd dor`he, paro iod ud iosto mhbo. Yupoda sftuhr eh pehdth ad udhs iodgfifodas aspaifheas, rahefzhdgo fdieuso gatar`fdhghs `hdfomrhs qua iodgfifodhd ae prokrh`h ga ihrkh ga eh pehdth. Ae fdiodvadfadta qua prasadth su rahefzhifùd do as thdto ae iosto ad sà ga eh pruamh, sfdo ae iosto qua iodeeavh sftuhr eh pehdth h udh ihrkh gfnaradta h eh ùptf`h gasga ae pudto ga vfsth aiodù`fio. \uagad sar pruamhs phrh ehs qua as daiashrfo phrhr eh pehdth, sftuhreh ad gatar`fdhghs iodgfifodas (`àdf`o tæidfio, ihrkh mhsa) o jhiar vhrfhifodas ga ihrkh (rh`phs ga sumfgh o ga mhbhgh ga potadifh, ati.). \ruamhs ga heto iosto qua do hnaithd he prokrh`h ga ihrkh. Yod pruamhs phrh ehs qua sa daiasfthd `agfos ga ad eos aequa do saga gfspoda ad eh aqufpos pehdth, oo aspaifhefghgas parsodhe iod iodoif`fadtos aspaifheas `hdabo gatar`fdhgos iodiraths (`atheurkfh, quà`fih, heth tadsfùd). \uagad sar pruamhs io`o eh War`okrhnàh (phrh eh qua sa daiasfthd `agfos aspaifheas -iè`hrh tar`okrènfih-) y iodoif`fadtos ad ash `htarfh. \ruamhs ga heto iosto iod fdneuadifh ad ae prokrh`h ga ihrkh. As ae ihso `ès gasnhvorhmea.
Iehsfnfihdgo ehs pruamhs ad ehs ihtakoràhs qua sa fdgfihd, sa nhifefth ador`a`adta ae proiaso ga prokrh`hifùd ga ihgh udh ga ehs fdspaiifodas. \or ud ehgo, jhy ud prf`ar krupo ga pruamhs qua do as daiashrfo prokrh`hr, puas puagad rahefzhrsa ad iuhequfar `o`adto iod parsodhe y `agfos ga eh pehdth. Ad sakudgo jhysftuhifùd ud krupogatar`fdhgh ga pruamhs gurhdta qua gamad rahefzhrsa iuhdgo sa pravah qua eh pehdth asthrèeukhr, ad udh ae tfa`po sunfifadta (phrhgh, h peadh ihrkh, h ihrkh mhsa, sumfadgo o mhbhdgo ihrkh). Wh`poio prasadthrè asta krupo ga pruamhs `hyor io`pefihifùd qua ae ga musihr ae `o`adto `ès hgaiuhgo, ae `o`adto ad qua do tfada fdtarnaradifh iod eh axpeothifùd io`arifhe. Ae tariar krupo, ae ga hquaeehs qua do hnaithd he prokrh`h ga ihrkh paro tfadad ud heto iosto. Eh òdfih io`pefihifùd as musihr prasupuasto phrh rahefzhrehs. V por òetf`o, ae krupo ga pruamhs `ès io`pefihgo ga adihbhr as hquae io`puasto por ehs qua tfadad ud heto iosto y hga`ès fdtarnfarad iod ae prokrh`h ga ihrkh. Iurfosh`adta, `ès gae ><% ga ehs pruamhs qua sa propodad phrh gatar`fdhr ae asthgo tæidfio ga eh pehdth iorraspodgad he tfpo ― h rahefzhr sfd hnaithr ae p rokrh`h ga ihrkh y ga mhbo iosto‐ . \or thdto, eh `hyor phrta ga ehs varfnfihifodas qua sa propodad do tfadad dfdkòd omstèiueo phrh sar rahefzhghs.
6:
7. Eh iodtrhthifùd ga hugftoràhs tæidfihs.
Qdh a`prash ga `hdtadf`fadto puaga onraiar sus sarvfifos phrh gatar`fdhr ae asthgo tæidfio ga udh fdsthehifùd. Avfgadta`adta, sarè hiodsabhmea qua eh a`prash iodozih asa tfpo ga fdsthehifùd, puas ad ihso iodtrhrfo as gugoso qua puagh hporthr fdnor`hifùd rahe`adta òtfe. As gaifr, eh a`prash h eh qua sa adihrkh ae trhmhbo ga avheuhr tæidfih`adta eh pehdth gama sar udh axparth iodoiagorh do ga ehs fdsthehifodas fdgustrfheas h dfvae kadærfio, sfdo ga asa tfpo ga fdsthehifùd ad iodirato. Hga`ès, as iodvadfadta qua eh f`phrifhefghg ga sus omsarvhifodas astæ khrhdtfzhgh. \or aeeo, sf eh a`prash astè vfdiuehgh he iodtrhtfsth qua rahefzh eh oparhifùd y `hdtadf`fadto ga eh fdsthehifùd, o sf puaga ushr asta fdnor`a phrh qua sa ea hgbugfqua ud iodtrhto, eos rasuethgos ga su fdnor`a tadgrèd he `ados udh so`mrh ga gugh. Ad asta ihso `ès qua ad dfdkòd otro as daiashrfo iodthr iod iodtrhtfsths axpartos ad asta tfpo ga trhmhbos, y hsakurhr qua ae parsodhe qua eo vh h eeavhr h ihmo th`mfæd as sunfifadta`adta axparto. 1. Arroras jhmftuheas he rahefzhr hugftoràhs tæidfihs.
Ae ombatfvo nfdhe ga udh hugftoràh tæidfih as rahefzhr ud fdnor`a somra ae asthgo ga eh fdsthehifùd phrh qua, mhshgo ad æe, eos raspodshmeas ga eh fdsthehifùd to`ad f`porthdtas gaifsfodas somra aeeh. Asths gaifsfodas puagad sar2
Io`prhr o vadgar udh fdsthehifùd. ]adovhr o ihdiaehr ud iodtrhto iod ud iodtrhtfsth ga `hdtadf`fadto. Gatar`fdhr ehs hiifodas daiashrfhs phrh rahefzhr udh puasth h pudto ga eh fdsthehifùd, a fdieuso, astugfhr eh vfhmfefghg aiodù`fio-tæidfih ga eeavhreh h ihmo. ]ahefzhr udh fdvarsfùd ad eh fdsthehifùd. Fdfifhr ud iodtrhto ga `hdtadf`fadto ga krhd heihdia.
As nèife adtadgar qua sf udh hugftoràh tæidfih astè `he rahefzhgh, eos rasuethgos sahd fdio`peatos a fdieuso fdvèefgos. Aso jhrè qua ehs gaifsfodas qua sa to`ad mhshghs ad asa fdnor`a puaghd sar arrùdahs. Adtra eos arroras qua puagad io`atarsa he rahefzhr hugftoràhs tæidfihs astèd eos sfkufadtas2
Do iodthr iod udh a`prash sunfifadta`adta axparf`adthgh. Qdh hugftoràh tæidfih do puaga sar rahefzhgh por iuhequfar a`prash, fdieuso hudqua tadkh axparfadifh ad eh rahefzhifùd ga gatar`fdhgos trhmhbos ga `hdtadf`fadto. Gama gfspodar ga eh `atogoeokàh hgaiuhgh, ga gatar`fdhghs jarrh`fadths ga gfhkdùstfio y somra togo, ga parsodhe axparf`adthgo. Xua eh a`prash qua eo rahefia do sah f`phrifhe. Iuhdgo eh a`prash qua rahefzh eh hugftoràh tfada fdtarasas ad eh fdsthehifùd, ad ae iodtrhtfsth o iod ae propfathrfo, ehs iodieusfodas ga su fdnor`a sfa`pra asthrèd mhbo sospaijh, h `ados qua astæd `uy mfad nudgh`adthghs. 66
Xua ehs pruamhs a fdspaiifodas iod ehs qua sa vh h gatar`fdhr ae asthgo ga eh fdsthehifùd do sahd ehs iorraiths. Ae arror jhmftuhe iodsfsta ad ganfdfr thrahs ga fdspaiifùd sadifeehs ga rahefzhr, sfadgo asa ae irftarfo `ès f`porthdta phrh ganfdfrehs. Ehs pruamhs qua gatar`fdhd ae asthgo ga udh fdsthehifùd sod ehs qua sod, sahd nèifeas o gfnàifeas ga rahefzhr. Fdtadthr sf`pefnfihr ehs pruamhs puaga jhiar qua sus rasuethgos do sahd nfhmeas. Xua ehs pruamhs a fdspaiifodas pehdfnfihghs do sa eeavad h ihmo. Qdh vaz gatar`fdhghs vhd h rahefzhr, jhy qua eeavhrehs anaitfvh`adta yh hiorghghs ihmo. Yf ehs porpruamhs rhzodasqua ga saproguiifùd, ga io`peabfghg o ga ioehmorhifùd gae parsodhe jhmftuhe udh phrta ga ehs pruamhs a fdspaiifodas do sa rahefzh, ae fdnor`a do sarè io`peato y por thdto, puaga sar qua ehs iodieusfodas do eo sahd th`poio. Xua ae fdnor`a do sah ae hgaiuhgo. ]ahefzhghs toghs ehs pruamhs daiashrfhs, as f`prasifdgfmea qua eos rasuethgos y ehs iodieusfodas sa raneabad ad ud fdnor`a sunfifadta`adta gatheehgo y iehrfnfihgor. As iodvadfadta hga`ès qua tadkh gos phrtas gfnaradifhghs y nèife`adta eoihefzhmeas2 ud rasu`ad abaiutfvo, qua iodtadgrè ehs iodieusfodas `ès f`porthdtas y qua sarè eo qua eaarè eh heth gfraiifùd, y ud gatheea ga ehs pruamhs y rasuethgos omtadfgos, qua sarè eo qua eahd eos fdkadfaros, tæidfios y `hdgos fdtar`agfos raspodshmeas ga eh pehdth. Xua ehs iodieusfodas gae fdnor`a do sa eeavad h ihmo. Qdh hugftoràh tæidfih sa rahefzh iod aedo ombatfvo gatar`fdhr udhsafdsthehifùd. ehs iodieusfodas sa eeavhdgah eh prèitfih yae eosasthgo pudtosga qua gatar`fdhd Yf io`o fdiorraitos do sa soeuifodhd, puaga iodsfgarhrsa qua eh hugftoràh jhmrè sfgo udh pærgfgh ga tfa`po y ga gfdaro.
OW]OY. Ae nrhihso hsakurhgo ga ud duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto o irùdfih ga udh `uarta hdudifhgh.
H vaias as nèife pravar qua ga `hdtadf`fadto h tadarihsf æxftosakurh. ad su trhmhbo. Ehs`uy ifriudsthdifhs qua udeo duavo rogahdbanahsakurhd su nrhihsodogavhnor`h Ad oihsfodas udh a`prash iodtrhth h ud duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto, iodsifadta ga qua tfada ud krhva promea`h ga `hdtadf`fadto qua puaga rasoevar iodtrhthdgo h ud duavo kastor. Ga`hsfhgo h `adugo, ae duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto iodtrhthgo o raifæd hsiadgfgo do iodsfkua rasoevar ae promea`h ga `hdtadf`fadto ga `hdarh shtfsnhitorfh phrh eh karadifh ga eh a`prash. Ae bana ga `hdtadf`fadto hihmh gaspagfgo, raeakhgo h otrhs nudifodas, y gasga euako, jhmfadgo nrhihshgo ad su io`atfgo.
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\aro, ¿as sfa`pra iueph gae bana ga `hdtadf`fadto? \arsodhe`adta ja vfsto asta ihso ad ga`hsfhghs oihsfodas. @uy h `adugo sa ghd asths otrhs ifriudsthdifhs2
Jh jhmfgo `ès fdtadtos nheefgos, as gaifr, jh jhmfgo otros banas ga `hdtadf`fadto qua jhd nrhihshgo. Do axfsta `hdtadf`fadto prokrh`hgo ga dfdkòd tfpo. Ae asthgo ga eh `hqufdhrfh y ehs fdsthehifodas as ad kadarhe `heo.
Hekudos ga eos fdieuso suiaga eh `hyoràh, eeavhdeomhsthdta ae gaphrth`adto . Adtæidfios, otrhs oihsfodas axhith`adta iodtrhrfo2tfa`po jhy udhadkrhd rothifùd ad ae gaphrth`adto, fdieuso ad eh a`prash. Hekudos ga asos tæidfios ga `hdtadf`fadto sod iodsfgarhgos ―f`prasifdgfmeas‐ tfadad prastfkfo y iodthito gfraito iod eos karadtas y gfraitoras ga eh a`prash, qua iodnàh `uijo ad aeeos. Ae gaphrth`adto ga proguiifùd tfada `ès pogar anaitfvo qua ae ga `hdtadf`fadto. Eh vfsfùd h iorto pehzo f`parh somra udh vfsfùd h ehrko pehzo. Ae gàh h gàh as eo qua `hrih eh prokrh`hifùd ga `hdtadf`fadto, ehs urkadifhs y ehs asihshs fdtarvadifodas prokrh`hghs. Axfsta ud nærrao iodtroe ga iostos y ud prasupuasto `uy hbusthgo phrh rahefzhr ae `hdtadf`fadto. Eos gfraitfvos por adif`h gae bana ga `hdtadf`fadto do astèd hiostu`mrhgos h sa fd`fsiuyad eh kastfùd ga nor`hqua iodsthdta. gaeakhr Jhy ud ygomea eadkuhbaadga eos gfraitfvos astèd por adif`h gae bana ga `hdtadf`fadto2 por ud ehgo, jhmehd gae `hdtadf`fadto pravadtfvo y ga `ogardfzhr ae gaphrth`adto. \or otro, f` pueshd eh kastfùd mhshgh ad ae ―`hdtadf`fadto ga irfsfs‐.
Ad ashs iodgfifodas as `uy gfnàife qua ud duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto tadkh æxfto ad su trhmhbo, adtadgfadgo io`o æxfto eos sfkufadtas eokros2
Iodsakufr qua ehs fdsthehifodas `aborad ad gfspodfmfefghg y `abora su asthgo. Iodsakufr hu`adthr eh proguiifùd. Iodsakufr udh orkhdfzhifùd ùptf`h gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto.
]hzodas qua hsakurhd ae nrhihso gae proyaito ga ih`mfo ad ashs ifriudsthdifhs.
Ehs rhzodas por ehs qua ae trhmhbo gae duavo bana ga `hdtadf`fadto astè gastfdhgo he nrhihso sod, ad `f opfdfùd, ehs sfkufadtas2
Ae Bana ga @hdtadf`fadto ihraia ga eh hutorfghg daiashrfh . As y sarè ae iuephmea ga togo eo qua oiurrh, paro do tfada ihphifghg phrh to`hr gaifsfodas orkhdfzhtfvhs df prasupuasthrfhs. Io`o `uijo, kozhrè ga udhs sa`hdhs o udos `asas ga krhifh, ad eos qua pogrè shihr hgaehdta udhs poihs fdfifhtfvhs. \aro trhdsiurrfgo asa parfogo, qua do suaea sar suparfor h tras `asas, ehs gaifsfodas f`porthdtas y astrhtækfihs do ehs to`hrè æe, sfdo qua ehs to`hrèd sus suparforas. Aso sà, sarè ae 8<8
raspodshmea ga qua ehs gaifsfodas to`hghs por otros do nudifodad. Asth as, sfd gugh, eh prfdifphe rhzùd. Do tfadad eh iodnfhdzh ga eos gfraitfvos , y do as nèife qua eh tadkhd. Æstos jhd gasihrkhgo ash iodnfhdzh ad gatar`fdhgo parsodhe, qua sod eos qua rahe`adta gfrfkad ae `hdtadf`fadto y eh proguiifùd. Ad oihsfodas asa parsodhe ga ―iodnfhdzh‐, asa krupo ga parsodhs qua ostadthd ae pogar nèitfio ad eh so`mrh, as, praifsh`adta, ae raspodshmea ga eh sftuhifùd ad qua sa adiuadtrh eh a`prash, y gasga
euako, khdhr. nhifefthrèd poio ud ih`mfo ga astrhtakfh ad ae qua aeeos do tfadad dhgh qua Jhy gatar`fdhghs parsodhs qua do tfadad fdtaræs ad qua jhyh ih`mfos qua eas sftuhràhd, iuhdgo `ados, ad udh posfifùd fdifarth. Ashs parsodhs `hkdfnfihrèd eos arroras y `htfzhrèd eos æxftos, fdieuso htrfmuyædgosaeos sf tfadad posfmfefghg. Ae asthgo ga ehs fdsthehifodas as `heo , y jhia qua ae gàh h gàh f`pfgh padshr ad ae nuturo. Eos èrmoeas f`pfgad var ae mosqua. Do jhy tfa`po phrh pehdtahr ih`mfos orkhdfzhtfvos gae parsodhe, phrh padshr ad asthmeaiar rutfdhs ga `hdtadf`fadto, phrh orkhdfzhr fdtarvadifodas prokrh`hghs, ati. Yùeo jhy tfa`po phrh rasoevar irfsfs. Eh `adthefghg gae iosto y ae madanfifo th`mfæd as udh `adthefghg h iorto pehzo . H vaias as daiashrfo ―khsthr‐ phrh ―khdhr `ès‐ y aso as heko qua hekudos gfraitfvos do vad. Ad `uijhs oihsfodas as daiashrfo iodtrhthr ud tæidfio `ès, rahefzhr udh fdtarvadifùd prokrh`hgh, jhiar udh puasth h pudto ga ud aqufpo, radovhr udh gatar`fdhgh Aso udh puagapærgfgh tadar sus madanfifos h `agfo ad pehzo, hudquagaeh iorto pehzo fdsthehifùd. hphrazih io`o o io`o ud hu`adto ae iosto `hdtadf`fadto.
A]]O]AY JHMFWQHEAY AD EH \QAYWH AD NQDIFODH@FADWO (IO@@FYYFODFDK) GA QDH FDYWHEHIFÙD. Do ihma gugh qua eh puasth ad nudifodh`fadto ga udh fdsthehifùd as udh athph `uy f`porthdta ad eh vfgh ga æsth. Ga asth nhsa gapadgad ad ifarth `agfgh sus prasthifodas, su gfspodfmfefghg y su radgf`fadto. Hudqua as `uy jhmftuhe io`atar udh sarfa ga arroras ad asth nhsa. Eh puasth ad `hrijh ga udh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe, yh sah udh duavh eàdah ga proguiifùd, udh `èqufdh, udh puasth ad `hrijh ga udh fdsthehifùd axfstadta h eh qua sa jh rahefzhgo udh ravfsfùd `uy fdtadsh, ati. as udh nhsa `uy f`porthdta ad ae ifieo ga vfgh ga asth fdsthehifùd, y sfd gugh vh h iodgfifodhr ae radgf`fadto, eh gfspodfmfefghg y por supuasto, su `hdtadf`fadto. As avfgadta qua ud muad gfsaøo ga eh fdsthehifùd, udh iorraith aeaiifùd ga aqufpos y udh muadh abaiuifùd gae proyaito sod hspaitos hmsoeuth`adta mèsfios phrh qua udh duavh fdsthehifùd fdgustrfhe puagh heihdzhr eos vheoras ga proguiifùd, radgf`fadto y gfspodfmfefghg qua sa asparh ga aeeh. V th`mfæd as avfgadta eh krhd fdneuadifh qua tfada eh oparhifùd y ae `hdtadf`fadto phrh eh omtadifùd ga asos rasuethgos. \aro adtra ae gfsaøo y iodstruiifùd ga eh pehdth y eh peadh proguiifùd jhy ud proiaso, eh puasth ad `hrijh fdfifhe, qua `hrihrè eh vfgh ga eh fdsthehifùd. Asta proiaso, `uy iufghgo ad kadarhe ad eos krhdgas proyaitos fdgustrfheas, ad `uijhs oihsfodas do astè thd iufghgo ad paquaøhs fdsthehifodas y ad pehdths ga `ador th`høo, io`o ehs \y@AY, por aba`peo. 8<=
¿V por quæ as thd f`porthdta rahefzhr udh muadh puasth ad `hrijh fdfifhe ga eh fdsthehifùd? \orqua `uijos ga eos arroras io`atfgos ad asa proiaso do sa iorrfkad bh`ès, o thrghd `uijo ad soeuifodhrsa. Ae prf`ar arror eo io`ata kadarhe`adta ae pro`otor ga eh pehdth, ae iefadta nfdhe o eh gfraiifùd kadarhe ga eh a`prash , ad ihso ga qua sa jhkh iod parsodhe y raiursos propfos. Æsth qufara qua hihma ga udh vaz ae proiaso ga iodstruiifùd y prasfodh h eos raspodshmeas ga eh puasth `hrijh phrhh qua io`adzhr axpeothifùd ga eh fdsthehifùd ga eh nor`h `èsy rèpfgh posfmea,adomefkèdgoea rasu`heh su efsth ga thrahs, io`promhifodas, pruamhs hbustas phrh rahefzhr udh muadh puasth ad `hrijh. Ae sakudgo eo suaea io`atar ae raspodshmea ga eh puasth ad `hrijh iuhdgo do tfada iehrh`adta astruiturhgo togo ae proiaso , iod udh pehdfnfihifùd gatheehgh y udh fgah `uy iehrh ga toghs y ihgh udh ga ehs pruamhs y hbustas qua pratadga jhiar, y iod ud irftarfo `uy ganfdfgo somra ehs iodgfifodas qua sa gamad iu`pefr phrh ghr ihgh pruamh y hbusta io`o nfdhefzhgo. Ae tariar arror gurhdta asta parfogo iodsfsta ad fdfifhr eh puasth ad nudifodh`fadto sfd qua eos sfsta`hs qua sa podad ad `hrijh astæd nfdhefzhgos iorraith`adta . Hdtas ga fdfifhr asta proiaso jhy qua io`promhr qua eh iodstruiifùd y/o `odthba ga eh fdsthehifùd sa jh rahefzhgo hiuargo he proyaito nfdhefzhgo ad sus pudtos `èsaef`porthdtas, quaghdgo thdgasùeo paquaøos gatheeas yquasa asjhposfmea fr tar`fdhdgo gurhdta proiaso ga puasth ad `hrijh (asos paquaøos gatheeas do nfdhefzhgos iorraith`adta suaead raiokarsa ad udh efsth ga pudtos padgfadtas o pudij efst). Ae iuhrto arror suaea sar phshr h eh sfkufadta nhsa ga eh puasth ad nudifodh`fadto ga ud sfsta`h sfd jhmar nfdhefzhgo ae proiaso hdtarfor . Qd proiaso ga puasth ad `hrijh ad kadarhe puaga gfvfgfrsa ad vhrfhs nhsas2 raiapifùd ga eh fdsthehifùd y io`promhifùd ga padgfadtas por ae parsodhe ga eh puasth ad nudifodh`fadto, puasth ad `hrijh ad nrào (togo eo qua sa puaga rahefzhr sfd adarkfzhr eh fdsthehifùd, sfd iheadthr o sfd høhgfr io`mustfmea), puasth ad `hrijh ad ihefadta, optf`fzhifùd ga eh fdsthehifùd, pruamh ga prasthifodas, pruamh ga nfhmfefghg y adtrakh ga eh fdsthehifùd h proguiifùd o he iefadta nfdhe a fdfifo gae parfogo ga khrhdtàh. Ae io`o gaiàh`os, proguia he phshr eh sfkufadta sfd jhmar iodieufgo eh iuhrto hdtarforarror, ga nor`h tothe`adtasashtfsnhitorfh. Hsà, h do gamaràh nhsa fdfifhrsa eh puasth ad nudifodh`fadto ad nrào sf ad eh adtrakh ga eh pehdth, ae aqufpo ga puasth ad `hrijh jh gataithgo promea`hs krhvas3 do gamaràh io`adzhrsa eh puasth ad `hrijh ihefadta sf eh puasth ad `hrijh ad nrào do jh tar`fdhgo ga nor`h axftosh3 do gamaràh io`adzhr eh pruamh ga prasthifodas sf quaghd pudtos f`porthdtas ad hekudh ga ehs nhsas hdtarforas3 do gamaràhd podarsa ad `hrijh hekudos sfsta`hs sfd tadar udh sarfa ga sarvfifos mèsfios hsakurhgos, ati. Ae qufdto arror suaea oiurrfr sf, phrh hihmhr ae proiaso ga puasth ad `hrijh eo hdtas posfmea, sa gabhd ad iodtroe `hduhe hekudo o `uijos ga eos pudtos qua asthmhd gfsaøhgos phrh sar iodtroehgos ga nor`h huto`ètfih 2 hsà, ae iodtroe ga dfvaeas, ga gosfnfihifodas, ga ihugheas, ga ravoeuifodas, puagad quaghr ad `ogo `hduhe iuhdgo sa gfspoda ga togos eos aqufpos daiashrfos phrh nudifodhr huto`ètfih`adta. Asta as ud arror ga`hsfhgo jhmftuhe, y 8<9
ihush adtra otrhs ioshs qua eh ihdtfghg ga parsodhe daiashrfh phrh oparhr eh pehdth o eh fdsthehifùd sa fdira`adta o eh gfspodfmfefghg ga eh fdsthehifùd gfs`fduyh. Ae saxto arror iodsfsta ad ghr por nfdhefzhgh eh puasth ad `hrijh iuhdgo toghvàh quaghd aqufpos por promhr o por hrrhdihr, y gabhr asta proiaso ad `hdos gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd o `hdtadf`fadto, qua puagad do asthr sunfifadta`adta praphrhgos phrh jhiarsa ihrko ga ud trhmhbo hsà, qua ad hmsoeuto as jhmftuhe phrh aeeos. Gurhdta eh puasth ad `hrijh, y iod ae nfd ga iorrakfr arroras qua sa jhd gataithgo gurhdta ae proiaso, sa proguiad ih`mfos thdto ad eos prokrh`hs fdnor`ètfios qua iodtroehd h romots y gfsposftfvos prokrh`hmeas, io`o ih`mfos y `ogfnfihifodas ad eh propfh fdsthehifùd (tumaràhs, tadgfgos ga ihmea, ih`mfos ga aqufpos, ati.). Ae sæptf`o arror iodsfsta ad do aehmorhr pehdos a fdnor`hifùd nfdhe (th`mfæd eeh`hgh hs mufet) qua raiobh toghs ehs `ogfnfihifodas proguifghs gurhdta ae proiaso ga puasth ad `hrijh, o fdieuso hdtarforas. Ae promea`h qua sa adiuadtrh ae oparhgor ga eh fdsthehifùd, y ae `hdtadagor, as thd krhdga io`o jhmftuhe, yh qua eo qua axfsta ad eh rahefghg do as eo `fs`o qua eo qua sa raneabh ad eh fdnor`hifùd tæidfih ad eh qua sa astè mhshdgo phrh rahefzhr udh fdtarvadifùd, ud gfhkdùstfio o udh `ogfnfihifùd postarfor. Ae òetf`o arror ad sùeo shethrgama iodsifadta`adta nhsa nfdhe2 optf`fzhifùd ga eh fdsthehifùd . Eh iodsfsta pehdth do proguifr, sfdo ehjhiareo ga ehehnor`h `ès anfifadta posfmea.
AE IODNEFIWO O\A]HIFÙD - @HDWADF@FADWO. Ad `uijhs a`prashs axfsta ud iodnefito par`hdadta adtra eos raspodshmeas ga proguiifùd y eos ga `hdtadf`fadto. Ae prf`aro sa quabh ga qua eh htadifùd qua raifma ga eos tæidfios y raspodshmeas ga `hdtadf`fadto do iorraspodga iod ehs `aboras prèitfihs posfmeas y qua tfadad udqua anaito eh`adthmea eos rasuethgos ga `èqufdhs proguiifùd. Aerahefzhr sakudgo,eos`hdtadf`fadto, sa quabh ga proguiifùd do ad ea par`fta phrhr ehs phrh iorraspodgfadtas `hdtadf`fadtos pravadtfvos daiashrfos, qua ad `uijhs oihsfodas sa va omefkhgo h rahefzhr fdtarvadifodas provfsfodheas y ga asihsh nfhmfefghg por eh rhpfgaz iod qua gama adtrakhr ehs `èqufdhs h proguiifùd y qua hga`ès ae trhto qua raifmad eos gfvarsos aqufpos por phrta gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd sa heabh `uijo gae `abor trhto posfmea. Ad rahefghg, the y io`o sa puaga iodsththr ad `uijhs pehdths, h`mos tfadad rhzùd. Eh sftuhifùd gasga ae pudto ga vfsth gae gaphrth`adto ga proguiifùd.
Ae trhto qua gfspadsh \roguiifùd h eos aqufpos as, ad `uijos ihsos, poio hiorga iod eos iufghgos `àdf`os qua gama progfkhrsa h fdsthehifodas, `uijhs vaias, iràtfihs. Do axfstad proiagf`fadtos ga trhmhbo qua jhyhd sfgo iufghgosh`adta aehmorhgos phrh khrhdtfzhr ae muad asthgo ga eh `hqufdhrfh, df axfsta udh iodifadifh por phrta gae parsodhe ga proguiifùd 8<7
ga qua ud promea`h ad eh `hqufdhrfh as th`mfæd ―su promea`h‐, sfdo `ès mfad qua udh hvaràh o ud `he nudifodh`fadto, sah iuhe s ah eh ihush qua eo provoih, as ―ae promea`h ga otro‐.
Eh sftuhifùd gasga ae pudto ga vfsth gae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto.
Ad `uijos ihsos ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto do hpefih ehs `aboras tæidfihs, df gasga ae pudto ga vfsth iorraitfvo df gasga ae pudto ga vfsth pravadtfvo. \or ud ehgo, sa jh hiostu`mrhgo h rahefzhr fdtarvadifodas rèpfghs ―phrh shefr gae phso‐ , sfd qua gaspuæs sa hmorga eh soeuifùd ganfdftfvh h eh hvaràh. Yf`pea`adta sa gabh ash soeuifùd provfsfodhe io`o ganfdftfvh jhsth qua vuaevh h ghr ud duavo promea`h. Ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto, por otro ehgo, do pehdfnfih sus fdtarvadifodas. Ad eh `hyor phrta ga ehs a`prashs ad qua axfsta asth tadsfùd adtra proguiifùd y `hdtadf`fadto sa omsarvhd io`o eh mhsa gae `hdtadf`fadto as purh`adta iorraitfvh. Ae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto jh radudifhgo ad kadarhe h pehdfnfihr o prokrh`hr iuhequfar tfpo ga fdtarvadifùd, y mhsh togh eh astrhtakfh ga `hdtadf`fadto ad eh raphrhifùd ga ehs hvaràhs qua vhd surkfadgo. Eh pehdth adtrh rèpfgh`adta ad ud iàriueo vfifoso2 he do axfstfr dfdkudh fdtarvadifùd ga tfpo pravadtfvo, ae iorraitfvo sa gfsphrh, eo qua gabh `ados tfa`po hòd phrh padshr ad rahefzhr fdtarvadifodas pravadtfvhs. Eh gakrhghifùd ga eh pehdth as `uy rèpfgh, y eh iodsaiuadifh as qua eh pehdth hihmh sfadgo udh aspaifa ga ih`po ga mhtheeh, iod hvaràhs nèife`adta fgadtfnfihmeas por togos ehgos, iod parsodhe gashdf`hgo qua phraia jhmar tfrhgo eh toheeh y iod udos rasuethgos ga proguiifùd qua sa heabhd `uijo gae ùptf`o.
Yoeuifodas he iodnefito.
Jhy vhrfhs raiaths qua hpefihghs iodbudth`adta, tfadad ud anaito fdgfsiutfmea phrh ramhbhr eh tadsfùd adtra ae gaphrth`adto ga proguiifùd y ae ga `hdtadf`fadto. h) Eos raspodshmeas ga h`mos gaphrth`a dtos gamad gabhr ga padshr qua ―eh iueph as ga otro‐. Ad ih`mfo, gamad a`pazhr h padshr quæ puagad jhiar por aeeos `fs`os phrh ih`mfhr eh sftuhifùd ga gakrhghifùd qua prasadthd `uijhs ga asths pehdths iod tadsfodas 8<1
proguiifùd-`hdtadf`fadto. Asta ih`mfo ga `adthefghg, ae gasao ga `aborhr eh sftuhifùd y eh hiapthifùd ga su phrta ga raspodshmfefghg ad ae promea`h as nudgh`adthe phrh ih`mfhr. m) Eos oparhrfos ga proguiifùd do puagad gasadtadgarsa io`peath`adta gae `hdtadf`fadto ga ehs `èqufdhs. Ga asth nor`h, thdto ehs hitfvfghgas ga eumrfihifùd, eh vfkfehdifh ga phrè`atros ga nudifodh`fadto y ef`pfazh ga eos aqufpos, qua do raqufarad krhdgas iodoif`fadtos tæidfios, io`o ehs raphrhifodas `ès aea`adtheas, gamad sar
rahefzhghs poryeos oparhgoras ga proguiifùd. Asto hsakurh raspodshmfefghg ae uso ga ehs `èqufdhs `aborh fdgughmea`adta ae iufghgo qua eas su progfkhd, puas udh ad phrta ga ehs raphrhifodas gamad anaituhrehs aeeos `fs`os. Asth as eh mhsa gae W\@, @hdtadf`fadto \roguitfvo Wothe, qua gaeakh udh phrta ga ehs fdtarvadifodas ga `hdtadf`fadto ad ae parsodhe ga proguiifùd. i) @hdtadf`fadto gama pehdfnfihr sus fdtarvadifodas , y rahefzhrehs ad eos `o`adtos ad qua `ados fdtarnfarad iod ae prokrh`h ga proguiifùd. Eh mhsa gae `hdtadf`fadto ga udh fdsthehifùd do gama sar iorraitfvh, qua as udh astrhtakfh ga `hdtadf`fadto iuyh utfefghg as fdgfsiutfmea ad ud dò`aro `uy paquaøo ga ihsos. Ad ih`mfo gama rahefzhrsa udh prokrh`hifùd ga ehs fdtarvadifodas, gabhdgo udh vadthdh ga tfa`po pravfsth iod hdtaehifùd ad eh qua sa anaituhrèd thdto ehs raphrhifodas padgfadtas io`o ehs fdspaiifodas, ehs ef`pfazhs tæidfihs, ehs ihefmrhifodas, ehs sustftuifodas sfsta`ètfihs ga aea`adtos ga
f`poda puas, aehmorhr udh efsth ga ehs a fdspaiifodas sa vhd hgaskhsta, rahefzhr,ati.y Yaudh prokrh`hifùd ga æsths2 asto do ravfsfodas as `ès qua rahefzhr udquapehd ga `hdtadf`fadto. Ya f`poda th`mfæd raastruiturhr ae gaphrth`adto ga `hdtadf`fadto y ae jorhrfo ad qua prasthd ae sarvfifo, hsu`fadgo qua udh phrta gae parsodhe ga `hdtadf`fadto gamarè rahefzhr sus nudifodas ad doijas, nfdas ga sa`hdh, ati., asto as, ad `o`adtos ad qua eh proguiifùd puagh phrhrsa. g) \hrh pogar f`pehdthr asths soeuifodas sfd ga`hkokfhs y sfd fdtadtos astærfeas as f`prasifdgfmea qua pravfh`adta sa rahefia eh raphrhifùd ga toghs ehs hvaràhs padgfadtas, prokrh`hdgo udh phrhgh ga eh pehdth o ga udh phrta ga aeeh phrh rahefzhr gfijhs fdtarvadifodas ga dhturheazh purh`adta iorraitfvh. Yfd hmorghr ashs raphrhifodas padgfadtas as hmsurgo padshr ad f`pehdthr dfdkudh hiifùd pravadtfvh, puas sfa`pra eh ihrkh ga trhmhbo iorraitfvo y urkadta sarè prforfthrfh h iuhequfar otrh hitfvfghg.
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