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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
2.30.2.1.2
¿QUE HACE EL MOLINO SAG?
Recibe mineral desde el chancado primario a través de la faja transportadora 240-CVB-0005, con un tamaño cercano de 7 pulgadas (150 mm, aproximadamente) y se mezcla con agua y cal. En el proceso de molienda SAG, el material centrifuga es elevado por las paredes internas del molino mediante elementos levantadores en rotación (lifters), hasta el punto en que la gravedad lo despega e impulsa en una caída parabólica, produciendo así una ola continua que impacta con el mineral en la zona inferior del molino. El golpe conjunto de las bolas de acero y el mismo material aledaño, disminuyen continuamente el tamaño de las rocas, hasta el momento de su expulsión a través de las parrillas adosadas a la tapa de descarga. La necesidad de generar una caída libre suficiente, para una correcta molienda, determina el gran diámetro del equipo, actualmente 40 pies. El porcentaje de capacidad utilizado por bolas de acero es de un 12% aproximadamente, menor al 35% que normalmente es utilizado en molinos de bolas. Recibe material directamente del chancador primario (ver figura N° 001), lo que ofrece un importante incremento del rendimiento global sobre las tecnologías alternativas de molienda. La granulometría de entrada posee un diámetro típico de 8 a 10 pulgadas. En la salida del molino se obtienen granulometrías entre 12 y 19 mm, dimensión que sigue siendo disminuida en etapas posteriores de molienda, hasta alcanzar los 160 μm necesarios para el proceso de flotación, responsable de la obtención del concentrado de Cobre.
Figura Nº 002 ¿Qué hace el el mol ino SAG?
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
2.30.2.1.3 ¿DE QUE CONSTA EL MOLINO SAG? El Molino SAG consta de ((Ver Ver Figura N° 002): 002 ): 01. Chute de Alimentación 02. Chumacera Fija Fija 03. Cabezal de Alimentación Alimentación (4 segmentos) 04. Cuerpo del Molino 05. Levantadores del Cuerpo Cuerpo 06. Levantadores de Pulpa 07. Cabezal de Descarga (4segmentos) (4segmentos) 08. Chumacera Móvil 09. Trommel 10. Forro del Muñón 11. Cono de Descarga 12. Frenos de Caliper 13. Disco de Freno 14. Freno 15. Guarda de Motor 16. Rotor 17. Estator 18. Sellos 19. Pedestal de Chumaceras
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
El Trommel del Molino SAG consta de (Ver (Ver Figura N° 003): 003 ): 01. Paneles de Poliuretano 02. Paneles de Poliuretano (con dique) 03. Mallas de Poliuretano (de cierre)
04. 05. 06. 07. 08.
Adaptador Segmento Deflector Deflector Estructura del Trommel Trommel Quenas de Lavado Cubierta del Trommel
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
La Chumacera Fija consta de (Ver (Ver Figura N° 004): 004): 01. Cubierta 02. Base 03. Tapa Lateral Inferior 04. Tapa Lateral Superior 05. Puerta de Inspección de la Pastilla 06. Oreja de Elevación 07. Puerta de Inspección Lateral
08. Pastilla 09. Riel de Empuje 10. Soporte del Riel de Empuje 11. Paquete de Cuñas de Empuje 12. Sistema de Sello 13. Ingreso de Aceite a los Rieles de Empuje 14. Ingreso de Aceite a las Pastillas 15. Tubería de Retorno de Aceite
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
La Chumacera Móvil consta de (Ver (Ver Figura N° 005): 005): 01. Cubierta 02. Base 03. Tapa Lateral Inferior 04. Tapa Lateral Superior 05. Puerta de Inspección de la Pastilla
06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11.
Oreja de Elevación Puerta de Inspección Lateral Pastilla Sistema de Sello Ingreso de Aceite a las Pastillas Tubería de Retorno de Aceite
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
Las pastillas constan de (Ver (Ver Figura N° 006): 006 ): 01. Pastilla de Bronce 02. Canales de Lubricación 03. Bloque de Soporte de Pastilla Pastilla 04. Ingreso de Aceite 05. Bloque de Aislamiento 06. Empaquetadura Empaquetadura 07. Anillo de Retención 08. Conjunto Zapata de Elevación 09. Arandelas 10. Celda de carga
Los frenos constan de (Ver (Ver Figura N° 007): 007 ): 01. 02. 03. 04. 05.
Base de Montaje Alimentación Alimentación de Aceite Freno de Caliper Zapata del Freno Cilindro Hidráulico
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
Elevadores y Revestimientos. Con el fin de evitar el desgaste de la carcasa del molino, debido al impacto de bolas y roca, se reviste el interior con un material resistente a desgaste, normalmente acero o goma o goma con insertos de acero. El grado del acero o goma se elige para ajustarse a las condiciones de rotura predominantes en el molino. En molinos autógenos, por ejemplo, si se utilizan revestimientos de acero se elegirá un grado duro para una buena resistencia al desgaste pero con menos resistencia a la energía de alto impacto.
Además de los revestimientos, revestimientos, también se instalan secciones elevadas o elevadores para proporcionar levante a la carga a medida que rota el molino. Sin elevadores, la carga tiende a deslizarse contra los revestimientos proporcionando poco levante y rápido desgaste abrasivo. Se experimentan efectos similares con revestimientos muy desgastados. En consecuencia, el reemplazo regular de los revestimientos es imperativo.
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
En este caso, los elevadores se disponen de manera tal que hay dos alturas de elevador, cada una en hileras alternadas. Cuando los elevadores de menor altura alcanzan un cierto valor mínimo son reemplazados por elevadores altos. En el siguiente periodo de recambio, las corridas alternadas, que no fueron reemplazadas previamente, se han desgastado a su altura mínima y también son reemplazos por elevadores altos y así sucesivamente. El objetivo de esta disposición es mantener la altura media de los elevadores lo más constante posible en el tiempo y en consecuencia evitar grandes oscilaciones en el rendimiento del molino, a medida que se desgastan los revestimientos.
Usualmente es muy difícil, en la práctica, determinar el efecto de distintos diseños elevador/revestimiento elevador/revestimiento en el rendimiento del molino ya que la acción del elevador/revestimiento cambia a medida que se desgasta. Muchos diseños parecerán dar un rendimiento similar y a menudo es necesario efectuar cambios sustanciales en el diseño para obtener un efecto medible. Sin embargo, los operadores deben estar concientes que un pobre diseño puede tener un efecto muy adverso, e.g. elevadores que sean excesivamente altos o bajos o que estén muy cerca o alejados unos de otros.
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Manual de Operación de Planta Concentradora Sección 2.0 Descripción de Equipos
2.30.2.1.4 ¿COMO FUNCIONA EL MOLINO SAG? La carga, proveniente de la faja de alimentación al molino SAG (240-CVB0005), compuesta de mineral grueso (Stocpile), bolas de molienda de acero y pebbles chancados recirculados; descarga en el chute de alimentación al molino donde se agrega agua de proceso y cal (Ver (Ver Figura N° 014). 014 ).
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