manual-caterpillar-machine-fluids-recommendations-lubricant-maintenance.pdf

SEBU6250-12 July 2002

Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations

i01658146

Impo Importa rtant nt Sa Safe fety ty Info Inform rmat atio ion n Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.

Impr Improp oper er oper operat atio ion, n, lubr lubric icat atio ion, n, main mainte tena nanc nce e or repa repair ir of this this prod produc uctt can can be dang danger erou ous s and and coul could d resu result lt in inju injury ry or deat death. h. Do not not oper operat ate e or perf perfor orm m any any lubr lubric icat atio ion, n, main mainte tena nanc nce e or repa repair ir on this this prod produc uct, t, unti untill you have have read rea d and under understo stood od the operat operation ion,, lubric lubricati ation, on, mainte maintenan nance ce and repair repair inform informati ation. on. Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons. The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as “DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Atte Attent ntio ion! n! Beco Become me Alert Alert!! Your our Safe Safety ty is Invo Involv lved ed.. The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially presented. Operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the product and in this publication. publication.

Caterp Caterpil illar lar cannot cannot antici anticipat pate e ev every ery possib possible le circum circumsta stance nce that that might might invo involve lve a potent potential ial hazar hazard. d. The warn wa rnin ings gs in this this publ public icat atio ion n and and on the the prod produc uctt are, are, ther theref efor ore, e, not not all all incl inclus usiv ive. e. If a tool tool,, proc proced edur ure, e, work ork meth method od or oper operat atin ing g tech techni niqu que e that that is not not spec specif ific ical ally ly reco recomm mmen ende ded d by Cate Caterp rpil illa larr is used used,, you must ust sa sati tisf sfy y your ourse sellf that hat it is sa saffe for you and and for other thers. s. You shou should ld also also ensu ensurre that hat the the prod produc uctt will will not not be dama damage ged d or be made made unsa unsafe fe by the the oper operat atio ion, n, lubr lubric icat atio ion, n, main mainte tena nanc nce e or repa repair ir proc proced edur ures es that that you you choo choose. se. The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you start any job. Caterpillar dealers have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for this produ product ct Caterp Caterpill illar ar rec recomm ommend ends s using using Caterp Caterpilillar replacement parts rts or parts rts with equivalent specif specifica icatio tions ns includ including ing,, but but not limit limited ed to, physphysicall dimens ica dimension ions, s, type, type, streng strength th and materi material. al. Failur ilure e to heed heed this his warni arning ng ca can n lea ead d to prem premaature ture fail failur ures es,, prod produc uctt dama damage ge,, per persona sonall inju injury ry or death.

3 Table of Contents

Tabl able of Cont Conten ents ts Foreword ................................................................. 4

Maintenance Maintenance Section Section Cooling System Specifications .......... .................... .................... ............ 6 Fuel Specifications .......................... .................................... .................... ............ .. 15 Lubricant Specifications .......................... .................................... .............. .... 27

Refere Reference nce Inform Informati ation on Sec Secti tion on Reference Materials .......... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 60

Index Index Sec Secti tion on Index .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ......... 62

4 Foreword

Foreword

Exte Ex tend nded ed Engi Engine ne Oil Oil Drai Drains ns and and Warra arrant nty y

Literatu Literature re Informa Information tion

Failures that result from extended oil drain periods are not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore are not covered by Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s warranty. In addition, failures that result from not using the recommended oil type are not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore are not covered by Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s warranty.

This manual should be stored in the operator’ operator ’s compartment in the literature holder or seat back literature storage area. The information contained in this document is the most current information available for coolant, fuels, and lubricants. Special lubricants are required for some machine compartments. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine machine for any special special lubrication lubrication requireme requirements. nts. Whenever a question arises regarding the machine, this publication, or the Operation and Maintenance Manual, please consult any Caterpillar dealer for the latest available information.

Safety Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine for all safety information. Read and understand the basic safety precautions listed in the Safety Section. In addition to safety precautions, this section identifies the text and locations of warning signs used on the machine. Read and understand the basic precautions listed in the Safety Section before operating or performing lubrication, lubrication, maintenance maintenance and repair on the machine.

Maintenance Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine to determine all maintenance requirements.

Mainte Mai ntenan nance ce Interv Interval al Schedu Schedule le Use the Maintenance Interval Schedule in the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine to determine servicing intervals. Calendar intervals shown (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) can be used instead of service hour meter intervals if they provide more convenient servicing schedules and approximate the indicated service hour meter reading. Recommended service should always be performed at the interval that occurs first. Under extremely severe, dusty or wet operating conditions, more frequent lubrication than is specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule might be necessary.

Refer to the applicable Operation and Maintenance Manual for standard oil drain periods and to the Maintenance Section, “Lubricant Specifications” Specifications” of this publication for engine oil type and viscosity grade recommendations. To reduce the potential risk of failures associated with extended oil drain periods; it is recommended that oil drain intervals only be extended based on oil analysis, analysis, and subsequent subsequent engine engine inspections. inspections. Oil analysis alone does not provide an indication of the rate of formation of lacquer, varnish and/or carbon on pistons and other engine surfaces. The only accurate way to evaluate specific oil performance in a specific engine and application that utilizes extended oil drain periods is to observe the effects on the engine components. This involves tear-down inspections of engines that have run to their normal overhaul period with extended oil drain intervals. Following this recommendation will help ensure that excessive component wear does not take place in a given application.

NOTICE Light loads, low hour accumulation, and excessive idling time can contribute to excessive water in the crankcase crankcase oil. Corrosiv Corrosive e damag damage, e, piston piston deposits deposits and increased increased oil consumpti consumption on can also result. If oil analysis is not done or the results are ignored, the potential for corrosive damage and piston deposits increases. Refer to the appropriate Operation and Maintenance Manual for guidance. Note: Failures that result from extended oil drain periods are not warrantable failures, regardless of use of this recommended procedure. Failures that result from extended engine oil drain periods are considered improper use under the warranty.

5 Foreword

Afterm Aftermark arket et Produ Products cts and Warr arrant anty y NOTICE When auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables (filters, oil, additives, catalysts, fuel, etc.) made by other manufacturers are used on Caterpillar products, the Caterpillar warranty is not affected simply because of such use. Failures that result from the installation or usage of other manufacturers auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables, however, are not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore are NOT covered by Caterpillar’s warranty. Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the many auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables promoted by other manufactur manufacturers ers and their effect effect on Caterpillar products. Installation or use of such items is at the discretion of the customer who assumes ALL risks for the effects that result from this usage. Furthermore, Furthermore, Caterpillar Caterpillar does does not authoriz authorize e the use of its trade name, trademark, or logo in a manner which implies our endorsement of these aftermarket products.

6 Maintenance Section Cooling System Specifications

Mainte Mai ntenan nance ce Se Secti ction on

NOTICE Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators.

Coo Cooli ling ng Sys yste tem m Specifications i01613916

Genera Generall Coolan Coolantt Inform Informati ation on SMCS SMCS Code: Code: 1350; 1395 NOTICE Adding Add ing coolan coolantt to an overh overheat eated ed eng engine ine could could result result in damage to the engine. Allow the engine to cool before adding coolant. If the mach machine ine is to be be stored stored in, in, or shippe shipped d to, to, an area area with freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be protected to the lowest outside (ambient) temperature. The engine cooling system is normally protected to a minimum of−29 C 29 C (−20 F) 20 F) with Caterpillar Antifreeze, when shipped from the factory unless special requirements are defined.

For more detailed information, refer to the following publication: publication: Special Special Publication, Publication, REHS1063, REHS1063, “Special Instruction - Know Your Track-Type Tractor Cooling System” System”. Many engine failures are related to the cooling system. Cooling system failures include the following problems: overheating, leakage of the water pump, plugged radiators, and cylinder liner pitting. These failures could be avoided with proper cooling system maintenance. Maintenance of the engine coolant is important to the engine life and to the performance. Maintaining the quality of the engine’ engine’s coolant is as important as maintaining the quality of the engine’ engine’s fuel and lubricating oil. Coolant is normally composed of three elements:

• Water is used for transferring heat from the engine to the atmosphere.

NOTICE Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant to ensure proper freeze protection and anti-boil protection.

• Additives are used for corrosion protection.

The following problems may indicate a need to check the cooling system:

Water

• Engine overheating • A strong, unusual odor from the coolant • Contamination of the cooling system • A change in the color of the coolant • Foaming within the radiator Air pockets can form in the cooling system if the cooling system is filled at a rate that is greater than 20 L (5 US gal ) per minute. After you drain the cooling system and after you refill the cooling system, operate the engine. Operate the engine without the radiator cap until the coolant reaches normal operating temperature and the coolant level stabilizes. Make sure that the coolant is maintained to the proper level.

• Glycol is used for anti-boil protection and antifreeze protection.

NOTICE Never use water alone as a coolant. Water alone is corrosive at engine operating temperatures and does not provide adequate anti-boil protection. Water is used in the coolant because water is the most effective liquid for transferring heat. Water that does not meet the minimum recommendations can interfere with the transfer of heat. For this reason, it is important to use water that meets the following recommendations. Distilled water or deionized water is recommended. Do not use water that has been softened with salt. If distilled water or deionized water is not available, use water that meets the minimum requirements that are listed in the following table.

NOTICE All Caterpillar diesel engines equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (AT (ATAAC) require a minimum of 30 percent glycol to prevent water pump cavitation.


Table 1

Caterpill Caterpillar ar Minimu Minimum m Acceptabl Acceptable e Water Water Requirem Requirement ent Water Water Property Property

ppm mg per per li lite terr Max

grai grains ns /US /US gal gal Max

(1) (Cl) Chloride(1)

40

2.4

(2) (SO4) Sulfate (2)

100

5.9

Total Water (3) Hardness(3)

170

10

(4) Total Solids(4)

340

20

(5) Acidity(5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

5.5 pH to 9.0 pH

See “ASTM See “ ASTM D512” D512” or “ or “ASTM ASTM D4327” D4327”. See “ See “ASTM ASTM D516” D516”. See “ See “ASTM ASTM D1126” D1126”. See “ See “ASTM ASTM D1888” D1888”. See “ See “ASTM ASTM D1293” D1293”.

For a water analysis, consult one of the following resources: S·O·S Coolant • The Caterpillar dealer for an S· Analysis

• Local water department • Agricultural agent • Independent laboratory

Additives Coolant additives help in the following ways:

• Preventing rust from forming • Preventing scale and mineral deposits from forming

• Protecting metals from corroding • Preventing cavitation of the liner • Preventing coolant from foaming Many additives are depleted during engine operation and these additives need to be replaced. This can be done through the addition of Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Extender to Cat ELC, or the addition of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCA) to the Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) .

Additiv Additives es must must be added added at the proper proper concentratio concentration. n. Overconcent Overconcentration ration of additives additives can cause the inhibitors to drop out-of-solution. This can cause a gel compound to form in the radiator. An overconcentration of additives can produce deposits on water pump seals that can cause water pump seal leakage. A low concentration concentration of additives additives can result in the following problems:

• Pitting • Cavitation erosion • Rust • Scale • Foaming

Glycol Glycol in the coolant provides anti-boil protection and freeze protection. protection. Glycol Glycol in the coolant prevents water pump cavitation. Glycol in the coolant also reduces cylinder liner pitting. For optimum performance, Caterpillar recommends a solution that contains a 50/50 mixture of water and of glycol.

NOTICE All Caterpillar diesel engines equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (AT (ATAAC) require a minimum of 30 percent glycol to prevent water pump cavitation. Most heavy-duty heavy-duty coolant/antifr coolant/antifreezes eezes use ethylene ethylene glycol. Propylene glycol may also be used. In a mixture that is 50 percent water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol have similar properties that are relative to the following elements: heat transfer, freeze protection, control of corrosion, and compatibility with the seal. Check the glycol level of the coolant system with the 1U-7298 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Celsius) or with the 1U-7297 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Fahrenheit). Tables 2 and 3 define the freeze protection for ethylene glycol and for propylene glycol. Table 2

Ethyle Ethylene ne Glyco Glycoll Concentrat Concentration ion

Freeze Freeze Protection Protection

Anti-Boi Anti-Boill Protectio Protection n

50 Percent

−37 C (−34 F)

106 C (223 F)

60 Percent

−51 C (−60 F)

108 C (226 F)


Table 3

Table 4

Propyl Propylene ene Gly Glycol col

Servic Service e Life Life Before Before Flushi Flushing ng and Before Before Refill Refilling ing

Concentra Concentration tion

Freeze Freeze Protectio Protection n

Anti-Boil Anti-Boil Protectio Protection n

Coolant

Service Life

50 Percent

29 C (−20 F) −29 C

106 C (223 F)

Cat ELC

12000 hours or 6 years

Commercial coolant that meets the Caterpillar EC-1 specification


Cat DEAC


Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreeze that meets “ meets “ASTM ASTM D4985” D4985” or “ASTM D6210” D6210”

3000 hours or 1 year

NOTICE Do not use propylene glycol in concentrations that exceed 50 percent glycol because of propylene glycol’ glycol’s reduced heat transfer capability. Use ethylene glycol in conditions that require additional freeze or anti-boil protection. Note: Propylene glycol coolant used in Caterpillar Diesel Engine cooling systems must meet “ASTM D6211-98 "Fully-Formulated Propylene Glycol-Based Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines” Engines”. When Propylene glycol coolant is used in heavy-duty diesel engines, regular addition of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) is required for liner cavitation protection. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information. i01615191

Coolant Coolant Recommen Recommendatio dations ns SMCS SMCS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 The following two types of coolants may be used in Caterpillar Caterpillar machine machine engines: engines:

Preferred – Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) or a commercial heavy duty coolant that meets the Caterpillar Caterpillar EC-1 specificatio specification n Acceptable – Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/C Antifreeze/Coolan oolantt (DEAC) (DEAC) or a commer commercia ciall heavyheavy-dut duty y coolant/antifreeze that meets “ASTM D4985” D4985” or “ASTM D6210” D6210” specifications NOTICE Do not use a commercial coolant/antifreeze that only meets the ASTM D3306 or D4656 specification. This type of coolant/antifreeze is made for light duty automotive applications. Caterpillar recommends a 50/50 mixture of water and glycol. This mixture of water and glycol will provide optimum heavy-duty performance as a coolant/antifreeze.

Note: Cat DEAC does not require a treatment with an Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) at the initial fill. However, a commercial heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze that meets “ASTM D4985” D4985” or “ASTM D6210” D6210” specifications may require a treatment with an SCA at the initial fill.

S·O·S coolant analysis (Level 2) Note: Perform S· annually annually.. Refer to the “ the “S S·O·S Coolant Analysis” Analysis” topic in this publication. i01615954

Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) SMCS SM CS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 Caterpillar provides Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) for use in the following applications:

• Heavy-duty diesel engines • Automotive applications The anti-corrosion package for Cat ELC is different from the anti-corrosion package for other coolants. Cat ELC is an ethylene glycol base coolant. However, Cat ELC contains organic corrosion inhibitors and antifoam agents with low amounts of nitrite. Cat ELC has been formulated with the correct amounts of these additives in order to provide superior corrosion protection for all metals in the cooling system of diesel engines. Cat ELC extends the service life of the coolant to 12000 service hours or six years. Cat ELC does not require the frequent additions of a Cat Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA). Cat ELC Extender is the only additional maintenance that is needed at 6000 service hours or one-half of the service life. Cat ELC is available in a 50/50 premixed cooling solution with distilled water or deionized water. The 50/50 premixed cooling solution of Cat ELC provides a freezing point of − 37 C (−34 F). 34 F). Cat ELC Concentrate can be used to lower the freezing point to − 51 C (−60 F) 60 F) for arctic conditions. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for the part numbers of Cat ELC, Cat ELC Extender, and Cat ELC Concentrate .


Cat ELC can be recycled. The drained coolant mixture can be distilled in order to remove the ethylene glycol and the water. The ethylene glycol and the water can be reused. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information.

Note: For larger capacity cooling systems, use the formula in Table 6 to determine the correct amount of extender. Table 6

Equa Equati tion on for for Addi Adding ng ELC ELC Exte Extend nder er to ELC ELC

Comme Commerc rcia iall ELC

(1) × 0.02 = X (2) (2) V(1)

If Cat ELC is not used, then select a commercial coolant that meets the Caterpillar EC-1 specification and either the “ASTM D6210” D6210” specification or the “ASTM D4985” D4985” specification. Do not use a long life coolant that does not meet the EC-1 specification. Follow the maintenance guide for the coolant that is provided by the supplier of any commercial coolant. Follow the Caterpillar guidelines for the quality of water and the specified coolant change interval.

ELC ELC Cool Coolin ing g Sy Syst stem em Ma Main inte tena nanc nce e Cat Cat ELC ELC Ex Exte tend nder er

(1) (2)

V is the total volume of the cooling system. X is the amount of ELC Extender that is required.

Table 7 is an example for using the equation that is in Table 6. Table 7

Exam Exampl ple e of the the Equa Equati tion on For For Addi Adding ng ELC ELC Exte Extend nder er to ELC ELC Total Volume olume of the the Cool Coolin ing g System Sys tem (V) 946 946 L (250 US gal)

Cat ELC Extender is a liquid that is added to the cooling system halfway through the Cat ELC service life.

NOTICE When using Cat ELC, do not use standard Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCA) or SCA maintenance elements. elements. To To avoid avoid SCA contaminat contamination ion of an ELC system, remove the SCA element/canister base and plug off or by-pass the coolant lines. The cooling system should be treated with the Cat ELC Extender at 6000 hours (one-half of the service life). Use Table 5 to determine the required amount of the Cat ELC Extender for the Cat ELC. Table 5

Amou Amount nts s of Cat Cat ELC ELC Exte Extend nder er the the by Cool Coolin ing g System Sys tem Capaci Capacity ty Cooling System Capacity

Recommended Amount of Cat ELC Extender

22 to 30 L (6 to 8 US gal) gal)

0.57 0.57 L (20 (20 fl oz) oz)

31 to 38 L (8 to 10 US gal) al)

0.71 0.71 L (24 (24 fl oz) oz)

39 to 49 L (10 (10 to 13 US gal) gal)

0.95 0.95 L (32 (32 fl oz) oz)

50 to 64 L (13 (13 to 17 US gal) gal)

1.18 1.18 L (40 (40 fl oz) oz)

65 to 83 L (17 (17 to 22 US gal) gal)

1.60 1.60 L (54 (54 fl oz) oz)

84 to 114 114 L (22 (22 to 30 US gal) gal)

2.15 2.15 L (72 (72 fl oz) oz)

115 115 to 163 163 L (30 (30 to 43 US gal) gal)

3.00 3.00 L (100 (100 fl oz) oz)

164 164 to 242 242 L (43 (43 to 64 US gal) gal)

4.40 4.40 L (148 (148 fl oz) oz)

Fact Factor or for for Multiplication

Amou Amount nt of ELC ELC Exte Extend nder er that that is Requir Required ed (X)

× 0.02

19 L (5 US gal)

Chan Changi ging ng to Cat Cat ELC ELC To change from heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze to Cat ELC, perform the following steps:

NOTICE Care Care must must be taken taken to ensure ensure tha thatt fluids fluids are contai contained ned during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, ing, adjus adjusti ting ng and and repa repair ir of the the prod produc uct. t. Be prep prepar ared ed to collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “ NENG2500, “Caterpillar Caterpillar Tools ools and Sho Shop p Produc Products ts Guide Guide”” for for too tools ls and suppli supplies es suitab suitable le to collec collectt and contai contain n fluids fluids on Caterpi Caterpilla llarr products. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates. 1. Drain the coolant into a suitable container. 2. Dispose of the coolant according to local regulations. NOTICE Do not leave an empty SCA maintenance element on a system that is filled with ELC. The element housing may corrode and leak causing an engine failure. Remove the SCA element/canister base and plug off or by-pass the coolant lines.


3. Remove the empty SCA maintenance element and remove the element base. Plug the coolant lines or bypass the coolant lines.

Note: Clean water is the only flushing agent that is required when the ELC is drained from the cooling system.

4. Flush the system with clean water in order to remove any debris.

Cont Contam amin inat atio ion n of the the Cat Cat ELC ELC Cool Coolin ing g System

5. Use Caterpillar Cooling System cleaner to clean the system. Follow the instructions on the label. 6. Drain the cleaner into a suitable container. Flush the cooling system with clean water. Note: Deposits that remain in the system may be loosened and removed by the ELC. 7. In systems with heavy deposits, it may be necessary to disconnect the hoses. Clean the deposits and debris from the hoses and the fittings. Install the hoses and tighten the hose fittings. Pipe threads may also need to be cleaned and sealed. Seal the threads with 5P-3413 Pipe Sealant. 8. Fill the cooling system with clean water and operate the engine until the engine is warmed to 49 to 66 C (120 to 150 F). 150 F). NOTICE Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system can result in damage to copper and other metal components. To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure to completely completely flush the cooling cooling system system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the cleaning agent are gone.

NOTICE Topping off or mixing Cat ELC with other products products that do not mee meett the Caterp Caterpill illar ar EC-1 EC-1 specif specifica icatio tion n reduce reduces s the effectiveness of the coolant and shortens coolant service life. Use only Caterpillar products or commercial products that have have passed passed the Caterpillar Caterpillar EC-1 specification specification for pre-mixed or concentrate coolants. Use only Cat ELC Extender with Cat ELC. Failure to follow these recommendations can result in shortened cooling system component life. In cooling systems that use the Cat ELC, do not add the Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) as a makeup coolant. Contamination of Cat ELC by Cat DEAC or another conventional coolant will defeat the advantages of Cat ELC. If the Cat ELC in the cooling system becomes contaminated by more than 10 percent of the total system capacity by conventional coolant or SCA, perform one of the following operations:

• Drain the cooling system into a suitable container. Dispose of the coolant according to local regulations. Flush the system with clean water. Fill the system with the premixed Cat ELC.

• Drain a portion of the cooling system into a 9. Drain the cooling system into a suitable container and flush the cooling system with clean water. Note: The cooling system cleaner must be thoroughly flushed from the cooling system. Cooling system cleaner that is left in the system will contaminate the coolant. The cleaner may also corrode the cooling system. 10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 until the system is completely clean. 11. Fill the cooling system with Cat ELC. 12. Operate the engine until the engine is warmed. While the engine is running, inspect the engine for leaks. Tighten hose clamps and connections in order to stop any leaks. 13. Attach the Special Publication, PEEP5027, “Label - ELC Radiator Label” Label ” to the radiator top tank in order to indicate the use of Cat ELC.

suitable container according to local regulations. Then, fill the cooling system with the premixed Cat ELC. This should lower the contamination to less than 10 percent.

• Maintain the system as a conventional Cat DEAC. Treat the system with SCA. Change the coolant at the interval that is recommended for the conventional Cat DEAC.


i01621792

Cat Extended Life Coolant (EL (ELC) Cooling System Maintenance

NOTICE Do not use a conventional coolant to top off a cooling system filled with Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) or a coolant that meets the Caterpillar EC-1 specification.

SMCS SMCS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395

Do not use Supplement Supplemental al Coolant Coolant Additives Additives (SCA) other than Cat ELC Extender in cooling systems filled with Cat Extended Life Coolant.

NOTICE Use only Caterpillar products or commercial products that have have passed passed Caterpillar Caterpillar EC-1 specificatio specification n for premixed or concentrated coolants. Use only Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Extender with Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC). Mixing Mixing Cat Extend Extended ed Life Life Coolan Coolantt with with oth other er prodproducts reduces the Cat Extended Life Coolant service life. Failure Failure to follow the recommendations recommendations can reduce cooling system components life. In order to maintain the correct balance between the antifreeze and the additives, you must maintain the recommended concentration of Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC). Topping off with water lowers the proportion of the additive. This will lower the ability of the coolant to protect the system from pitting, cavitation, erosion, and deposits. Cooling systems filled with Cat ELC should only be topped off with premixed Cat ELC or a commercial coolant which meets the Caterpillar EC-1 specification.

Proper Prop er addi additi tion ons s to the the Ex Exte tend nded ed Lif Life Cool Coolan antt Note: Do not add Cat ELC Concentrate as a makeup solution for maintaining the correct coolant level. The addition of the Cat ELC Concentrate will increase the concentration of glycol in the cooling system. During daily maintenance, use the premixed Cat ELC or use a coolant that meets Caterpillar EC-1 specifications. Check the specific gravity of the coolant with the 1U-7298 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Celsius) or with the 1U-7297 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Fahrenheit). Use Cat ELC Concentrate to restore the proper glycol concentration in the coolant system. This should be done before the engine is exposed to freezing temperatures.

Cat Cat Ex Exte tend nded ed Lif Life Cool Coolan antt (ELC (ELC)) Cool Coolin ing g Sy Syst stem em Clea Cleani ning ng Note: If the cooling system is already filled with Cat ELC, cleaning agents are not required to be used at the specified coolant change interval. Cleaning agents are only required if the system has been contaminated by the addition of some other type of coolant or by cooling system damage. Clean water is the only cleaning agent that is required when Cat ELC is drained from the cooling system. Cat ELC can be recycled. The drained coolant mixture can be distilled. The distillation process can remove the ethylene glycol and the water. The ethylene glycol and the water can be reused. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information. After you drain the cooling system and after you refill the cooling system, operate the engine while the radiator filler cap is removed. Operate the engine until the coolant reaches the normal operating temperature and until the coolant level stabilizes. As needed, add the coolant mixture in order to fill the system to the proper level. i01622076

Dies Diesel el Engi Engine ne Anti Antifr free eeze ze/ / Coola Coolant nt (DEA (DEAC) SMCS SM CS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 Caterpillar recommends using Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) for cooling systems that require a heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze. Cat DEAC is an alkaline single-phase ethylene glycol type antifreeze that contains corrosion inhibitors and antifoam antifoam agents. agents.


Cat DEAC is formulated with the correct amount of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA). Do not use SCA at the initial fill with Cat DEAC. The coolant should be sampled and tested after every 250 hours of operation. The results of the coolant test should regulate the additions of the Cat SCA. The service life of the Cat DEAC is 3000 hours or two years. Cat DEAC is available as a concentrate. If concentrated Cat DEAC is used, Caterpillar recommends dilution with distilled water or deionized water. If distilled water or deionized water is not available, refer to General Coolant Information in order to determine the requirements for acceptable water.

Comme Commerc rcia iall Heav Heavyy-Dut Duty y Coolan Coolant/A t/Anti ntifre freeze ezes s and SCA If Cat DEAC is not used, select a heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze with a low silicate content that meets “ASTM D4985” D4985” or “ASTM D6210” D6210”. When a commercial heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze is used, the system must be treated with the Cat SCA. Maintain a concentration level in the cooling system that is between 3 percent and 6 percent by volume. If the Cat SCA is not used, select a commercial SCA. The commercial SCA must contain a minimum concentration of 1200 Mg/L (1200 parts per million) of nitrite content. Follow the recommended guidelines for adding SCA when you maintain the coolant. In all cases, the Caterpillar guidelines for acceptable water must be followed.

Note: If you do not use the Caterpillar DEAC, you must drain the cooling system annually. The cooling system must be flushed at this time as well.

Coolin Cooling g Sy Syste stem m Ma Maint intena enance nce NOTICE Never operate without thermostats in the cooling system. Thermostats maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without thermostats. Check the solution of coolant/antifreeze (glycol concentration) frequently in order to ensure adequate freeze protection and protection from boiling. Check the glycol level of the coolant system with the 1U-7298 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Celsius) or with the 1U-7297 Coolant/Battery Tester (Degrees Fahrenheit). Consult your Caterpillar dealer for information on coolant testers.

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Cat Cat Supp Supple leme ment ntal al Cool Coolan antt Addi Additi tive ve (SCA (SCA)) SMCS SM CS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 The Cat Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) has the following benefits:

• Prevention of corrosion to metals • Prevention of deposit formations of minerals • Prevention of cavitation of the cylinder liners • Elimination of foaming of the coolant Test the Cat SCA concentration or submit a coolant sample to your Caterpillar dealer at every oil change. After every 250 service hours, a liquid Cat SCA or a Cat SCA maintenance element may be needed. The addition of Cat SCA is based on the result of coolant analysis. Your Caterpillar dealer has test kits that will evaluate the concentration of additives in Cat DEAC. The following table indicates the amount of Cat SCA that is needed at the initial fill to treat commercial heavy-duty coolant/antifreezes. The table also shows the addition of an SCA for either liquid SCA or for the maintenance elements of a SCA. These additions are for commercial heavy-duty coolant/antifreezes and for Cat DEAC.


Table 8

Cat SCA Requir Requireme ements nts for for HeavyHeavy-Dut Duty y Coolan Coolant/A t/Anti ntifre freeze ezes s Caterpillar Liquid SCA

Caterpillar Sp S pin-on El E lement

Cooling Cooling System System Cap Capac acit ity y in L (US (US gal) gal)

(1) Initia Initiall Fill Fill(1)

250 250 Serv Servic ice e Hour Hour (2) Maintenance(2)

22 to 30 (6 to 8)

0.95 L (32 oz)

0.24 L (8 oz)

11 112-0926

(3) 111-2370(3)

31 to 38 (8 to 10)

1.19 L (40 oz)

0.36 L (12 oz)

11 111-2373

(3) 111-2369(3)

39 to 49 (10 to 13)

1.42 L (48 oz)

0.36 L (12 oz)

9N-6123

(3) 111-2369(3)

50 to 64 (13 to 17)

1.90 L (64 oz)

0.47 L (16 oz)

9N-3367

(3) 9N-3368(3)

65 to 83 (17 to 22)

2.37 L (80 oz)

0.60 L (20 oz)

9N-3367

(3) 111-2371(3)

84 to 114 (22 to 30)

3.32 L (112 oz)

0.95 L (32 oz)

9N-3367

(3) 9N-3718(3)

115 to 163 (30 to 43)

4.75 L (160 oz)

1.18 L (40 oz)

two units 9N-3367

(3) two units 111-2371(3)

164 to 242 (43 to 64)

7.60 L (256 oz)

1.90 L (64 oz)

two units 9N-3367

(3) two units 9N-3718(3)

(1) (2) (3)

Initi Initial al Fill Fill

250 250 Serv Servic ice e Hour Hour Maintenance

Use a Cat SCA when you do not use a Caterpillar Antifreeze. You are not required to use the Cat SCA at the initial fill when you use the Cat DEAC. Do not exceed the 6 percent maximum concentration. Check with the supplemental coolant additive test kit. Element assembly for engines that are initially equipped with a spin-on element

Note: Due to the individual engine applications, the maintenance practices need to be periodically reviewed in order to maintain the cooling system.

Clea Cleani ning ng the the Hea Heavy vy-D -Dut uty y Cool Coolin ing g System Caterpillar Cooling System Cleaners are designed to clean the system of harmful scale and of corrosion. Caterpillar Cleaners dissolve mineral scale, corrosion products, light oil contamination, and sludge. For the recommended service interval, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” Schedule” for your machine.

i01624132

Conven Conventio tional nal Coolan Coolant/ t/ Anti Antifr free eeze ze Cool Coolin ing g Sy Syst stem em Maintenance SMCS SM CS Code: Code: 1350; 1352; 1395 When you initially fill the cooling system with Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC), it is not necessary to add a Cat Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA). Cat DEAC already contains supplemental coolant additive. When you initially fill the cooling system with a commercial coolant that meets the requirements of “ASTM D4985” D4985”, add a supplemental coolant additive. The supplemental coolant additive in Cat DEAC and in commercial commercial coolants must be replenishe replenished d at regular regular service intervals. See the table for the Cat SCA in order to determine the correct quantity of liquid supplemental coolant additive to use.


i01624614

S·O· S· O·S S Cool Coolan antt Anal Analys ysis is SMCS SMCS Code: Code: 1350; 1395; 7542 Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that the engine is protected from internal cavitation and corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and freezing. S· S·O·S Coolant Analysis can be done at your Caterpillar dealer. Caterpillar S· S·O·S Coolant Analysis is the best way to monitor the condition of your coolant and your cooling system. S· S ·O·S Coolant Analysis is a program that is based on periodic samples.

NOTICE Do not use the same vacuum sampling pump for extracting oil samples that is used for extracting coolant samples. A small residue of either type sample may remain in the pump and may cause a false positive analysis for the sample being taken. Always use a designated pump for oil sampling and a designated pump for coolant sampling. Failure to do so may cause a false analysis which could lead to customer and dealer concerns.

The following properties of the coolant are tested:

• Glycol concentration for freeze protection and boil protection

• Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion • pH • Conductivity • Visual analysis • Odor analysis The results are reported, reported, and appropriate appropriate recommendations are made.

S·O· S· O·S S Cool Coolan antt Anal Analys ysis is (Le (Leve vell 2) A coolant analysis (Level 2) is a comprehensive chemical evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is also a check of the overall condition of the inside of the cooling system. The S· S·O·S Coolant Analysis has the following features:

• Full coolant analysis (Level 1) • Identification of the source of metal corrosion and of contaminants

New New Sy Syst stem ems, s, Refi Refill lled ed Sy Syst stem ems, s, and and Con Conve verte rted d Sy Syst stem ems s Perform a coolant analysis (Level 2) at 500 service hours for new systems, for refilled systems, or for converted systems that use Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) or use Cat Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC). This 500 hour check will also check for any residual cleaner that may have contaminated the system.

Reco Recomm mmen ende ded d Inte Interv rval al for S· S·O· O·S S Coolan Coolantt Sample Sample Perform a coolant analysis (Level 1) at every 500 service hour interval. Perform a coolant analysis (Level 2) annually, or perform a coolant analysis (Level 2) when a problem is identified by a coolant analysis (Level 1).

Note: Check the standard coolant’ coolant ’s Supplemental Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) at every oil change.

S·O· S· O·S S Cool Coolan antt Anal Analys ysis is (Le (Leve vell 1) A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the properties of the coolant.

• Water hardness • Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion

• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling

The results are reported, reported, and appropriate appropriate recommendations are made. For more information on S· S ·O·S Coolant Analysis, consult your Caterpillar dealer.

15 Maintenance Section Fuel Specifications

Fuel Specifications

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General Fuel Information SMCS Code: 1250; 1280

• Purchase fuel from a reputable supplier.

Fuel Information for Gasoline Engines SMCS Code: 1250; 1280 Use a regular grade of fuel or use an unleaded grade of fuel. These fuels must have a minimum octane rating of 87.

• Use fuel that meets the minimum Caterpillar

specifications for diesel fuel. The specifications are included in the table Caterpillar Caterpillar Specifications Specifications for Distillate Fuel. This table is included in the recommendations for diesel fuel. These fuels have a minimum lubricity level of 3100 g. This result is obtained by conducting the Scuffing Load Wear Test (SBOCLE). If a High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) is used for testing, the maximum allowable wear scar is .45 mm (0.018 inch) at 60 C 60 C (140 (140 F). The maximum allowable wear scar is .38 mm (0.0150 inch) at 25 C 25 C (77 F).

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Fuel Information for LP Gas Engines SMCS Code: 1250; 1280 Use grade HD5 LPB. LP Gas is a highly volatile fuel. LP Gas has an octane rating of 100 to 140. Follow local ordinances regarding the storage of tanks of LP Gas. Follow local ordinances regarding the filling of tanks for LP Gas.

• Keep the fuel storage tank clean of water, debris and sediment.

• Drain water and sediment from the fuel storage

tank weekly. Drain water and sediment before the tank is refilled.

• Keep the area around the fuel tank filler neck

clean of debris in order to prevent contamination of the fuel tank.

• As required, clean the inside of the vehicle ’s fuel tank.

vehicle’s fuel • Drain water and sediment from the vehicle’

tank daily. Drain the tank at the start of a shift. After the fuel tank has been filled, allow the fuel to settle for ten minutes. This will allow the water and sediment to separate from the fuel. Then, drain the water and sediment from the tank.

separators.. • Install water separators

• Drain the water from the water separator daily. • For some applications, Caterpillar high efficiency fuel filters are required in order to provide maximum life to the fuel system.

• Change fuel filters at the scheduled interval.

Never fill the new fuel filter with fuel before installation. Use the fuel priming pump to remove air from the system.

• Install breather filters on the fuel tanks.

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Fuel Information for Diesel Engines SMCS Code: 1250; 1280 The two basic types of diesel fuel are No. 2 diesel fuel and No. 1 diesel fuel. No. 2 diesel fuel is a heavier diesel fuel than No. 1 diesel fuel. When diesel fuel is stored outdoors during cold weather, the water will freeze after the water separates from the diesel fuel. Any effect that is caused by storing the fuel outdoors should immediately appear in the fuel. Fuel that is stored in underground tanks or fuel that is stored in a heated area will be easier to pump. However, moisture in the fuel will not freeze until the fuel is in the machine. Any effect that is caused by cold weather will not appear until the fuel has cooled to the outside temperature. It is preferable to determine any detrimental effects of temperature before the fuel is in the machine. In cold weather, heavier fuels can cause problems with fuel filters, fuel lines, fuel tanks, and fuel storage. During cold weather, fuel suppliers often provide blends of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuel in order to avoid these types of problems. For more information on fuels which include blends of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuel, consult your fuel supplier.


When you use No. 2 diesel fuel or other heavier fuels, some of the fuel’ fuel’s qualities may interfere with successful cold weather operation. However, heavier diesel fuels such as No. 2 diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines that operate in cold temperatures. There are several possible methods that can be used to compensate for the fuel qualities that may interfere with cold weather operation. These methods include the use of starting aids, engine coolant heaters, fuel heaters, and de-icers. There are also additives which can be used to modify some of the characteristics of the diesel fuel.

Starting Aids The use of a starting aid is a conventional method of assistance for cold starts in low temperature conditions. A variety of starting aids are available for Caterpillar Caterpillar engines. engines. Follow the recommenda recommendations tions that are provided by the manufacturer of the starting aid. Information about the use of starting aids is included in the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine.

Engine Coolant Heaters These heaters heat the engine coolant. The heated coolant flows through the cylinder block. The flow of heated coolant keeps the engine warm. A warm engine is easier to start in cold weather. Most coolant heaters use electrical power. A source of electricity is necessary for this type of heater. Other heaters that burn fuel are available as a source of heat. These heaters may be used in place of the electrical heaters. With either type of heater, starting aids and/or fuels with higher cetane numbers are less important because the engine is warm. Problems with fuel cloud point can cause the plugging of fuel filters. Problems with fuel cloud point cannot be corrected by engine coolant heaters. This is especially true for machines that allow the fuel filter to be cooled by air flow during operation.

Fuel Heaters The fuel cloud point is related to problems with fuel filters. The heater heats the fuel above the cloud point before the fuel enters the fuel filter. This prevents wax from blocking the filter. Fuel can flow through pumps and lines at temperatures below the cloud point. The cloud point is often above the pour point of a fuel. While the fuel can flow through these lines, the wax in the fuel can still plug the fuel filter.

In some engine installations, small modifications can prevent problems that are caused by the cloud point. One of the following changes can prevent problems in many conditions: a change in the location of fuel filters and/or supply lines and the addition of insulation. In extreme temperatures, heating of the fuel may be required to prevent the filters from plugging. There are several types of fuel heaters that are available. The heaters use either engine coolant or exhaust gas as a heat source. These systems may prevent filter waxing problems without the use of de-icers. These systems may be ineffective when the fuel contains a large amount of dirt or of water. Use of a fuel heater can help eliminate some cold weather problems. A fuel heater should be installed so that the fuel is heated before flowing into the fuel filter.

Note: Only use fuel heaters that are controlled by thermostats or use fuel heaters that are self-regulated. Do not use fuel heaters in warm temperatures. Select a fuel heater that is mechanically simple, yet adequate for the application. The fuel heater should also prevent overheating of the fuel. Disconnect the fuel heater or deactivate the fuel heater in warm weather. An unacceptable loss of fuel viscosity and engine power will occur if the fuel supply temperature is allowed to become too hot. For additional information on fuel heaters, see your Caterpillar dealer.

De-Icers De-icers lower the freeze point of the moisture in the fuel. De-icers are not generally needed when fuel heaters are used. If you experience trouble, consult your fuel supplier for recommendations of a compatible commercial de-icer.

Aftermarket Fuel Additives There are many different types of fuel additives that are available to use. Caterpillar does not generally recommend the use of fuel additives. In special circumstances, Caterpillar recognizes the need for fuel additives. Fuel additives need to be used with caution. The additive may not be compatible with the fuel. Some additives may precipitate. This action causes deposits in the fuel system. The deposits may cause seizure. Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier can make recommendations for additives to use and for the proper level of treatment. For best results, your fuel supplier should treat the fuel when additives are needed.


i01754423

Diesel Fuel Recommendations SMCS Code: 1250; 1280 Diesel engines have the ability to burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups. The two groups are called the preferred fuels and the permissible fuels. The preferred fuels are distillate fuels. Distillate fuels provide maximum engine service life and performance. These fuels are commonly called diesel fuel, furnace oil, gas oil, or kerosene. Blends of distillate fuels can be used. Diesel fuels that meet the specifications in Table 9 will help to provide maximum engine service life and performance. In North America, diesel fuel that is identified as No. 1-D or No. 2-D in “ASTM D975” D975” generally meet the specifications. Table 9 is for diesel fuels that are distilled from crude oil. Diesel fuels from other sources could exhibit detrimental properties that are not defined or controlled by this specification.


Table 9

Caterpillar Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel Specifications

ASTM Test

ISO Test

Requirements

Aromatics

“D1319” D1319”

“ISO 3837” 3837”

35% maximum

Ash

“D482” D482”

“ISO 6245” 6245”

0.02% maximum (weight)

Carbon Residue on 10% Bottoms

“D524” D524”

“ISO 4262” 4262”


Cetane Number

“D613” D613”

“ISO 5165” 5165”

40 minimum (DI engines) 35 minimum (PC engines)

Cloud Point

“D97” D97”

“ISO 3016” 3016”

The cloud point must not exceed exceed the lowest expected ambient temperature.

Copper Strip Corrosion

“D130” D130”

“ISO 2160” 2160”

No. 3 maximum maximum

Distillation

“D86” D86”

“ISO 3405” 3405”

10% at 282 C (540 F) maximum 90% at 360 C (680 F) maximum

Flash Point

“D93” D93”

“ISO 2719” 2719”

legal limit limit

API Gravity

“D287” D287”

N/A No equivalent test

30 minimum

Pour Point

45 maximum

“D97” D97”

“ISO 3016” 3016”

6 C (10 F) minimum below below ambient temperature

“D3605” D3605” or “D1552” D1552”

“ISO 8691” 8691”

3% maximum maximum

“D445” D445”

“ISO 3104” 3104”

1.4 cSt minimum minimum and 20.0 cSt maximum at 40 C (104 F)

Water and Sediment

“D1796” D1796”

“ISO 3734” 3734”

0.1% maximum

Water

“D1744” D1744”

N/A

0.1% maximum

Sediment

“D473” D473”

“ISO 3735” 3735”


“D381” D381”

“ISO 6246” 6246”

10 mg per 100 mL maximum maximum

“D6078” D6078”

N/A

3100 g minimum

“D6079” D6079”

“ISO 12156” 12156”

0.45 mm (0.018 inch) maximum at 60 C (140 F)

Sulfur

(1) (1)

Kinematic Viscosity

Gums and Resins Lubricity

(4) (4)

(2) (2)

(3) (3)

0.38 mm (0.015 inch) maximum at 25 C (77 F) (1)

(2)

(3) (4)

Caterpillar fuel systems and engine components can operate on high sulfur fuels. Fuel sulfur levels affect exhaust emissions. High sulfur fuels also increase the potential for corrosion of internal components. Fuel sulfur levels above 1.0 percent may significantly shorten the oil change interval. For additional information, see this publication, “ publication, “Engine Engine Oil” Oil” topic (Maintenance Section). The values of the fuel viscosity are the values as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pumps. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain a 1.4 cSt viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters in order to bring down the viscosity to a 20 cSt viscosity. Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor). The lubricity of a fuel is a concern with low sulfur fuel. To determine the lubricity of the fuel, use either the “ASTM “ASTM D6078 Scuffing Load Wear Test (SBOCLE)” (SBOCLE)” or the “ the “ASTM ASTM D6079 High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)” (HFRR) ” test. If the lubricity of a fuel does not meet the minimum requirements, consult your fuel supplier. Do not treat the fuel without consulting the fuel supplier. Some additives are not compatible. These additives can cause problems in the fuel system.


NOTICE Operating Operating with fuels that that do not meet meet Caterpill Caterpillar ar’’s recommendations can cause the following effects: starting difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel in jectors, reduced service life of the fuel system, deposits in the combustion chamber, and reduced service life of the engine. In the USA, 0.05 percent diesel fuels have been used in all on-highway truck engines since 1 January 1994. This low sulfur diesel fuel was mandated as a means of directly reducing particulate emissions from diesel truck engines. This low sulfur fuel will also be used in Caterpillar commercial diesel engines and in Caterpillar machine engines. This diesel fuel will be used when low emissions are required. This fuel will be used when the fuel supplier can provide this type of fuel. Caterpillar has not seen any detrimental effects with 0.05 percent sulfur fuel in Caterpillar diesel engines.

NOTICE Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Residual fuel, or Blended fuel must NOT be used in Caterpillar diesel engines (except cept in 360 3600 0 Series Series HFO eng engine ines). s). Seve Severe re compon component ent wear and component component failure failures s will result result if HFO type type fuels are used in engines that are configured to use distillate fuel. In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may use the distillate fuels that are specified in Table 10. However, the fuel that is selected must meet the requirements that are specified in Table 9. These fuels are intended to be used in operating temperatures that are down to − 54 C (−65 F). Table 10

Distillate Fuels Specification

Grade

“MIL-DTL-5624T” MIL-DTL-5624T” “ASTM D1655” D1655” “MIL-DTL-83133E” MIL-DTL-83133E” (1)

(1) (1)

JP-5 Jet-A-1

JP-8

The fuels that are listed in this Table may not meet the requirements that are specified in the “ the “Caterpillar Caterpillar Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel” Fuel” Table. Consult the supplier for the recommended additives in order to maintain the proper fuel lubricity.

These fuels are lighter than the No. 2 grades of fuel. The cetane number of the fuels in Table 10 must be at least 40. If the viscosity is below 1.4 cSt at 38 C (100 F), use the fuel only in temperatures temperatures below 0 C (32 F). Do not use any fuels fuels with with a viscos viscosity ity of less than 1.2 cSt at 38 C (100 F). Fuel cooling may be required in order to maintain the minimum viscosity of 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump.

There are many other diesel fuel specifications that are published by governments governments and by technologica technologicall societies. Usually, those specifications do not review all the requirements that are addressed in this specification. To ensure optimum engine performance, a complete fuel analysis should be obtained before engine operation. The fuel analysis should include all of the properties that are listed in Table 9.

Biodiesel Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from a variety of sources, primarily from soybean oil or rapeseed oil. Without esterification esterification,, these oils gel in the crankcase crankcase and fuel tank and may not be compatible with many of the elastomers used in today’ today ’s engines. In their original form, these oils are not suitable for use as a fuel in compression engines. To use these oils as fuel, they must be esterified. Alternate base stocks for biofuel may include animal tallow, waste cooking oils, or a variety of other feedstocks. Caterpillar certifies its engines using the prescribed EPA and European Certification Fuels. Caterpillar does not certify engines on any other fuel. It is the user’ user’s responsibility to use the correct fuel as recommended by the manufacturer and allowed by EPA or other local regulatory agencies. It is the responsibility of the user to obtain the proper local, regional, and/or national exemptions required for the use of biodiesel in any emissions regulated Caterpillar engine.

Warranty and the Use of Biodiesel Fuel in Caterpillar Engines Caterpillar neither approves nor prohibits the use of biodiesel fuels. Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the many variations of biodiesel fuels, and the long-term effects on performance, durability or emissions compliance of Caterpillar products. The use of biodiesel fuels does not affect Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s materials and workmanship warranty. Failures resulting from the use of any fuel are not Caterpillar factory defects and therefore the cost of repair would NOT be covered by Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s warranty.


Recommenda Recommendation tion for the Use of Biodiesel Biodiesel Fuel in Caterpillar Engines For Caterpillar 3046, 3064, 3066, 3114, 3116, 3126, 3176, 3196, 3208, 3306, C10, C12, 3406, C15, C16, 3456, 3408, 3412, 3500 series, 3600 series, CM20, CM25 and CM32 engines: Biodiesel meeting the requirements listed in Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s biodiesel specification or, meeting either ASTM D6751 or DIN 51606, are acceptable. They may also be blended in any percentage with an acceptable diesel fuel, provided the biodiesel constituent meets the requirements outlined in Table 11 prior to blending. For Caterpillar 3003 through 3034, 3054 and 3056 engines: Biodiesel meeting the requirements listed in Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s biodiesel specification or, meeting either ASTM D6751 or DIN 51606, may be blended with an acceptable diesel fuel at a maximum of 5% biodiesel fuel blended with 95% diesel fuel. The biodiesel fuel must meet the requirements listed in Table 11prior to blending. Use of more than a 5% biodiesel fuel can cause premature ffailures whose repair would not be covered under Caterpillar warranty. When burning biodiesel, or any blend of biodiesel, it is the responsibility of the user to obtain the proper local, regional, and/or national national exemptions exemptions required required for the use of biodiesel in any emissions regulated Caterpillar engine. When using a fuel that meets Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s Biodesiel specification, ASTM D6751, or DIN 51606 specifications, and when adhering to the following recommendations, the use of biodiesel should pose no problems.

Recommendations

• The oil change interval can be affected by the

use of biodiesel fuel. Use Scheduled Oil Sampling (S· (S·O·S) to monitor the engine oil condition and to determine the optimum oil change interval.

• Biodiesel provides approximately 5-7% less

energy per gallon of fuel when compared to distillate fuels. To avoid engine problems when the engine is converted back to 100% distillate diesel fuel, do not change the engine rating to compensate for the power loss.

Elastomer compatibility compatibility with biodiesel biodiesel is still being • Elastomer monitored. The condition of seals and hoses should be monitored regularly.

• Biodiesel fuels may pose low ambient temperature

problems for both storage and operation. At low ambient ambient temperature temperatures, s, fuel may need to be stored in a heated building or a heated storage tank. The fuel system may require heated fuel lines, filters, and tanks. Filters may plug and fuel in the tank may solidify at low ambient temperatures if precautions are not taken. Consult your biodiesel supplier for assistance in the blending and attainment of the proper cloud point fuel.

• Biodiesel has poor oxidation stability, which can

result in long term storage problems. The poor oxidation stability qualities may accelerate fuel oxidation in the fuel system. This is especially true in engines with electronic fuel systems because they operate at higher temperatures. Consult the fuel supplier for oxidation stability additives.

• Biodiesel fuel is an excellent medium for microbial growth. Microbes cause fuel system corrosion and premature filter plugging. The effectiveness of conventional anti-microbial additives, when used in biodiesel is not known. Consult your fuel and additive supplier for assistance.

• Care must be taken to remove water from fuel

tanks. Water accelerates micrbial growth. Water is naturally more prevalent in biodiesel fuels than in distillate fuels.


Caterpillar Biodiesel Table 11

Proper ty

Test Method

Test Method

Units

United States

International

Fuel Specific Properties

Density @ 15 C

“ASTM D1298” D1298”

“DIN/ISO 3675” 3675”

Viscosity @ 40 C

“ASTM D445” D445”

“DIN/ISO 3104” 3104”

mm2 /s

Flash Point

“ASTM D93” D93”

“DIN/ISO 22719” 22719”

C

100 minimum

“ASTM D4539” D4539”

“DIN EN 116” 116”

C

0 6 below ambient

“ASTM D97” D97”

“ISO 3016” 3016”

C

-9 maximum maximum -20 maximum

Sulfur Content

“ASTM D2622” D2622”

“ISO 8754” 8754”

% weight

0.005 maximum

Distillation - 10% Evaporation - 90% Evaporation

“ASTM D1160” D1160”

“ISO 340” 340”

C

To Be Determined 345

Carbon Residue, Conradson (CCR)

“ASTM D189” D189”

“DIN/ISO 10370” 10370”

% weight weight

Cetane Number

“ASTM D613” D613”

“ISO 5165” 5165”

“ASTM D482” D482”

“DIN 51575” 51575” “ISO 6245” 6245”

“ASTM D1796” D1796”

“DIN 51777-1” 51777-1” “ISO 3733” 3733”

Particulate Matter

“DIN 51419” 51419”

“DIN 51419” 51419”

15

Copper Corrosion

“ASTM D130” D130”

“DIN/ISO 2160” 2160”

No. No. 1

Oxidation Stability

“ASTM D2274” D2274”

“IP 306 mod.” mod.”

Cold Filter Plugging - Summer - Winter Pour Point - Summer - Winter

Ash Content Water Content

0.86-0.90

g/cm3

4.0-6.0

0.5 maximum 45 minumum

mg/kg g/m3

Ester ification Acid Value

Limits

0.02 maximum 500 maximum

mg/100mL

15 maximum

% volume

98.0 minimum

“ASTM D664” D664”

“DIN 51558” 51558”

mg NaOH/g

0.5 maximum

Methanol Content

GC Method

“DIN 51608” 51608”

% weight

0.2 maximum

Monoglycer ides

GC Method

“DIN 51609” 51609”

% weight

0.8 maximum

Diglycer ides

GC Method

“DIN 51609” 51609”

% weight

0.2 maximum

Tr iglycer ides

GC Method

“DIN 51609” 51609”

% weight

0.2 maximum

Free Glycerine

GC Method

“DIN 51609” 51609”

% weight

0.02 maximum

Total Glycer ine

GC Method

“DIN 51609” 51609”

% weight

1.2 maximum

Iodine Number

“DIN 53241 or IP 84/81”” 84/81

“DIN 53241 or IP 84/81”” 84/81

cg I2 /g

“DGF C-VI4” C-VI4”

“DIN 51440-1” 51440-1”

Phosphorus Content

Note: Fuels meeting “ASTM “ ASTM D6751” D6751” or “DIN51606” DIN51606” may be used.

mg/kg

110 maximum 0.2


i01754770

Characteristics of Diesel Fuel SMCS Code: 1250; 1280

Lubricity and Low Sulfur Fuel The fluid’ fluid’s lubricity describes the ability of the fluid to reduce the friction between surfaces that are under load. This ability reduces the damage that is caused by friction. Fuel injection systems rely on the lubricating properties of the fuel.

Note: The fuel lubricity is important. You should consider the fuel’ fuel’s lubricity whenever you operate the equipment in arctic weather. Also, you should consider the fuel’ fuel’s lubricity whenever you use fuels that are lower in viscosity. There are many aftermarket additives that are available to treat fuel. If the fuel’ fuel’s lubricity is an issue, consult your fuel supplier supplier for proper proper recommenda recommendations tions regarding regarding fuel additives. The removal of sulfur from diesel fuel helps to reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines. For this reason, many governments have mandated the use of low sulfur fuel. Lower sulfur limits can be expected in the future as regulations continue to become more stringent. Until fuel sulfur limits were mandated, the fuel’ fuel’s lubricity was generally believed to be a function of fuel viscosity. The process that is most commonly used to remove sulfur from fuel is called hydro-treatment. Each source of crude oil contains different amounts of sulfur. Crude oils with low sulfur require little hydro-treatment. Crude oils with high sulfur require a more severe treatment. The Hydro-treatment removes the fuel’ fuel’s sulfur as well as other components. The treatment removes nitrogen compounds, polar materials, bicyclic aromatics, polycyclic aromatics, and oxygen compounds. While the removal of sulfur has shown no detrimental effects to the engine, the removal of other compounds have lowered the lubricity of the fuel. As a result of the lowered lubricity, the fuel is less tolerant of contamination by water and dirt. The lower fuel lubricity can be seen as abrasive wear of fuel system components. Fuels that have a low lubricity may not provide adequate lubrication to plungers, to barrels, and to injectors. This problem may be compounded in areas that require winter blends of fuel. The lighter winter fuel blend has the following following characteristi characteristics: cs: lower viscosity viscosity,, lower cloud point, and lower pour point.

All low sulfur fuels do not have a low lubricity. The fuel’ fuel’s lubricity may be enhanced with additives. Many fuel suppliers treat the fuel with these additives. Do not use a fuel lubricity additive before you consult the fuel’ fuel’s supplier. Some aftermarket additives may not be compatible with the additives that are already in the fuel. Some additive packages that are supplied by the aftermarket manufacturer may not be compatible with the seals that are used in fuel systems of some diesel engines. Other additive packages that are supplied by aftermarket manufacture manufacturers rs cannot cannot provide provide proper proper performance performance in high temperature temperature conditions. conditions. These additives may leave deposits because of the high temperatures that exist in the fuel systems of diesel engines. Perform the following tasks in order to help achieve the maximum life of the fuel system. using a reliable fuel supplier, performing proper maintenance of the fuel system, and installing installing Caterpillar high efficiency efficiency fuel filters in the fuel system.

Note: Lighter fuels are frequently used in arctic temperatures. Lighter fuels may include the following fuels: Jet A-1, JP-8, JP-5, and kerosene. The fuel lubricity is not a requirement of the specifications for these fuels. Do not assume that a fuel meets the minimum Caterpillar specification. Contact the fuel supplier for proper recommendations on fuel lubricity additives.

Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of a liquid’ liquid ’s resistance to flow. The viscosity of the fuel is significant because the fuel serves as a lubricant for fuel system components. Fuels with the wrong viscosity can cause engine damage. If the kinematic viscosity of the fuel is lower than 1.4 cSt or greater than 20 cSt as supplied to the fuel injection pump or to the unit injectors, excessive scuffing and seizure can occur.

Cetane Number The cetane number of fuel is a measure of the ignition quality of the fuel. The ignition quality of the fuel affects starting and acceleration. Also, the cetane number has an effect on the interval of time before the engine runs smoothly. Generally, an increase of ten in the cetane number will allow the engine to be started at a lower temperature. The starting temperature can be improved approximately 7 to 8 C 8 C (12 to 15 F) 15 F) for every increase of ten in the cetane number. After the engine reaches the normal operating temperature, a change in the cetane from 40 to 50 will have a minimal effect on engine performance. performance.


Most fuels that have a cetane number above 40 will permit acceptable engine starts in warmer outside temperatures temperatures.. The engine will start satisfactorily satisfactorily with this fuel when the engine is kept warm. The engine can be kept warm by using either a heated room or a coolant heater. During average starting conditions, direct injection engines require a minimum cetane number of 40. A higher cetane value may be required for operation in high altitudes or for cold weather operation. The minimum fuel cetane number that is required for the precombustion engine is 35.

Modifying the Cetane Number

The cloud point will determine the temperature that will cause the fuel filter to begin to plug. A plugged fuel filter will stop the flow of fuel to the engine. The cloud point of the fuel must be below the outside temperature in order to prevent the filters from plugging. The wax can alter the fuel characteristics in cold weather. Solid wax can fill the fuel filters. The solidified wax will stop the flow of fuel. Fuel filters are necessary in order to remove dirt from the fuel. The filter protects the parts of the fuel injection system by blocking foreign material from entering the fuel injection system. Since fuel must flow through the filters, installing a fuel heater is the most practical way to prevent the problem. A fuel heater will keep the fuel above the cloud point as the fuel flows through the fuel system. The fuel heater will permit the wax to flow through the filters with the fuel.

The cetane number of a fuel can be changed if the fuel is mixed with a fuel that has a different cetane number. Generally, the cetane number of the mixture will be in direct relation to the ratio of the fuels that were mixed. Your fuel supplier can provide the information about the cetane number of a particular fuel.

Note: Caterpillar does not recommend the use of aftermarket fuel flow improvers because of possible problems with compatibility.

Additives can also be used to improve the cetane number of a fuel. Additives are evaluated through testing in special engines. However, the fuel characteristics of additives are not identical to a natural product. While both fuels may be rated as having the same cetane number, starting may be different.

The manufacturer of the fuel can add cold flow improvers to the fuel. Cold flow improvers modify the wax crystals in the fuels. The cold flow improvers do not change the fuel’ fuel ’s cloud point. Cold flow improvers keep the wax crystals small enough to pass through standard fuel filters. For mixing precautions, see the topic “Pour Point” Point”.

Cloud Point

A fuel that has a high cloud point can be diluted with a fuel that has a low cloud point in order to lower the cloud point. The cloud point of a No. 2 diesel fuel can be lowered by diluting with No. 1 diesel fuel or kerosene. This method is not the best way to lower the cloud point of a fuel. The ratio of the mixture is not directly related to the improvement improvement in cloud point, and the required amount of fuel with low cloud point makes the process less preferable to use.

The fuel cloud point is the temperature when a haze appears in the fuel. When the temperature falls below the melting point of the paraffins a haze results. Paraffins are a wax that naturally occurs in petroleum products. This wax is not a contaminant in the fuel. The wax is an important element of No. 2 diesel fuel. The wax has a high fuel energy content and the wax has a very high cetane value. Removal of the heavier wax lowers the cloud point of the fuel. Removal of the wax also increases the cost because less fuel can be made from the same amount of crude oil. Basically, a No. 1 diesel fuel is formulated by removing the wax from a No. 2 diesel fuel. It is important to understand that the cloud point of a fuel is different from the pour point. There is no relationship between cloud point and the pour point.

Modifying the Cloud Point

The following illustration illustration contains a table that can be used to find the necessary mixture for two fuels with different cloud points. In order to use the table, you must know the exact fuel cloud point of each fuel. This specification can change from one purchase of fuel to the next purchase of fuel. This specification is normally available from personnel at the source of the fuel supply. When fuels that have a lower cloud point are not available, this method cannot be used.


6. Line “C” and line “A” intersect. Mark this point. Draw a vertical line from this point. Stop the line at the bottom of the table. Label this line “B”. The point at the bottom of line “B” reveals the percentage of lighter fuel that is required to modify the pour point. The above example shows that the blending will require a thirty percent mixture of lighter fuel.

Pour Point The pour point of the fuel is the temperature that is 3 C (5 F) above the temperature temperature that is required required for fuel to flow. The fuel’ fuel ’s pour point is a temperature below the fuel’ fuel’s cloud point. Fuel stops flowing below the pour point.

Illustration 1

g00592741

Cloud point of fuel mixtures Generally, the most practical method that is used to prevent problems that are caused by fuel cloud point at low temperatures is the use of fuel heaters. In most applications, fuel heaters can be used at a lower cost than fuel mixtures.

In order to calculate the amount of lighter fuel that is required to be blended with the heavier fuel, perform the following steps:

1. Obtain the specification for fuel cloud point of both fuels from your fuel supplier. 2. Locate the cloud point of the heavier fuel on the left side of the table. Mark the point on the table. 3. Locate the cloud point of the lighter fuel on the right side of the table. Mark the point on the table. 4. Draw a line between the two points that were established. Label this line “A”. 5. Determine the lowest outside temperature for machine operation. Find this point on the left side of the table. Mark this point. Draw a horizontal line from this point. Stop the line at the intersection of line “A “ A”. Label this new line “ line “C C”.

To measure the pour point, the fuel temperature is lowered below the cloud point in steps of 3 C (5 (5 F) at a time. The temperature is lowered until the fuel does not flow. The pour point is the last temperature that is shown before the flow stops. At the pour point, the wax has solidified out of the fuel. This makes the fuel more solid than liquid. The pour point of the fuel can be improved. This does not require the removal of important elements. This process is the same process that is used to improve the cloud point of a fuel. A fuel’ fuel’s pour point should be at least 6 C (10 F) below the lowest ambient temperature that is required for engine start-up and for engine operation. To operate the engine in extremely cold weather, No. 1 fuel or No. 1-D fuel may be necessary because of these fuels’ fuels’ lower pour points.

Modifying the Pour Point Note: Caterpillar does not recommend the use of aftermarket fuel flow improvers because of possible problems with compatibility. The manufacturer of the fuel can add cold flow improvers to the fuel. Cold flow improvers modify the wax crystals in the fuels. The cold flow improvers do not change the fuel’ fuel ’s cloud point. However, the cold flow improvers keep the wax crystals small enough to pass through standard fuel filters. Fuel heaters cannot normally solve problems that are related to the high pour point temperatures. The same table that was use for cloud point can be used for an estimate of pour points. This is true only if the fuels do not have additives which change the pour point.


Most diesel fuels have some dissolved moisture. Just as the moisture in air, the fuel can only contain a specific maximum amount of moisture at any one temperature. As the temperature drops, the amount of moisture that can be in the fuel will be lower. For example, a fuel could contain 100 ppm (0.010 percent) of water in solution at 18 C 18 C (65 F). (65 F). This same fuel can possibly hold only 30 ppm (0.003 percent) at 4 C 4 C (40 F). F) . After the fuel has absorbed the maximum possible amount of water, the additional water will be free and dispersed. Free and dispersed moisture is fine droplets of water that is suspended in the fuel. Since the water is heavier than the fuel, the water will slowly become free and settled at the bottom of the tank. In the above example, when the fuel temperature was lowered from 18 C 18 C (65 F) to 4 C (40 F), (40 F), 70 ppm of water became free and dispersed in the fuel.

Illustration 2

g00592741

Cloud point of fuel mixtures

Additives are a good method to use in order to lower the pour point of a fuel. These additives are known by the following names: pour depressants, cold flow improvers, and wax modifiers. When the additives are used in a low concentration, the fuel will flow through pumps, lines, and hoses. These additives must be thoroughly mixed into the fuel at temperatures that are above the cloud point. The fuel supplier should be contacted in order to blend the fuel with the additives. The blended fuel can be delivered to your fuel tanks.

The small drops of water cause a cloudy appearance in the fuel. If the change in temperature is slow, the small drops of water can settle to the bottom of the tank. When the fuel temperature is lowered rapidly to freezing temperature, the moisture that comes out-of-solution changes to very fine particles of ice instead of small drops of water. The particles of ice are lighter than the fuel, and the particles of ice will not settle to the bottom of the tank. When this type of moisture is mixed in the fuel, this moisture will fill the fuel filters. The ice crystals will plug the fuel filters in the same way as wax plugs the fuel filters. If a filter is plugged and fuel flow is stopped, perform the following procedure to determine the cause:

1. Remove the fuel filters. 2. Cut the fuel filters open.

Moisture Content Problems with fuel filters can occur at any time. The cause of the problem can be water in the fuel or moisture in the fuel. At low temperatures, moisture causes special problems. There are three types of moisture in fuel: dissolved moisture (moisture in solution), free and dispersed moisture in the fuel, and free and settled at the bottom of the tank.

3. Inspect the fuel filter before the filter warms. This inspection will show that the filter is filled with particles of either ice or wax. The moisture which is free and settled at the bottom of the tank can become mixed with the fuel. The force of any pumping action will mix the moisture with the fuel whenever fuel is transferred. This moisture then becomes free and dispersed water. This moisture can cause ice in the filters. This moisture can cause other problems with filters at any temperature. Generally, the same force that mixes the water into the fuel will also mix dirt and rust from the bottom of the tank with the water. The result is a dirty mixture of fuel and water which can also fill the filters and stop fuel flow.


Specific Gravity / API Gravity The specific gravity of diesel fuel is the weight of a fixed volume of fuel in comparison to the weight of the same volume of water at the same temperature. A higher specific gravity correlates into a heavier fuel. Heavier fuels have more energy or power per volume for the engine to use.

Note: The settings for the fuel mixture should not be adjusted in order to compensate for a loss of power with fuels that are lighter. The life of fuel system components can be decreased with fuels that are very light because lubrication will be less effective as a result of the lower viscosity. This is compounded if the fuel does not have sufficient lubricity. See the topic Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Lubricity and Low Sulfer Fuel” Fuel ”. The API gravity of a fuel is also a measure of the density of the fuel or the relationship of the weight to the volume. The scale for API gravity is inverse to the scale for specific gravity. The API gravity will become higher as the fuel becomes lighter. Lighter fuels will not produce the rated power. Lighter fuels may also be a blend of ethanol or methanol with diesel fuel. Blending alcohol or gasoline with diesel fuel will create an explosive atmosphere in the fuel tank. In addition, water condensation in the tank can cause the alcohol to separate in the tank.

NOTICE Blendin Blending g alcoho alcoholl or gasolin gasoline e with with diesel diesel fue fuell will will create create an explosive atmosphere in the fuel tank. Caterpillar recommends against such blends. Heavier fuels tend to create more deposits from combustion. Deposits from combustion can cause abnormal cylinder liner and ring wear. This is most noticeable in smaller high speed engines.

Gums and Resins The gums and resins that occur in diesel fuel are the result of dissolved oxidation products in the fuel that do not evaporate easily. The products that are dissolved in the fuel also do not burn cleanly. Excessive gum in the fuel will coat the inside of fuel lines, pumps, and injectors. Excessive gum will also interfere with the close tolerances of the moving parts of the fuel systems. Gum and resin in the fuel will also cause the filter to plug rapidly. Oxidation of the fuel will occur and the formation of additional gums and resins will occur during fuel storage. The storage time for fuel needs to be minimized in order to help reduce the formation of gums and resins.

Note: Caterpillar recommends a maximum of one year for fuel storage.

27 Maintenance Section Lubricant Specifications

Lubricant Specifications i01753834

Diesel engine oils CC, CD, CD-2, and CE have not been API authorized classifications since 1 January 1996. Table 12 summarizes the status of the classifications.

Lubricant Information SMCS Code: 1000; 1300; 7000; 7581

General Information The information that is provided is the latest recommendations for Caterpillar engines and for Caterpillar Caterpillar machine machine compartments. compartments. This information information supersedes all previous recommendations which have been published for Caterpillar machines. Special lubricants are required for some machine compartments and it will be necessary to continue to use these special products. This information is only for Caterpillar machines. For more lubricant recommendations, see Special Publication, SEBU6251, “Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluid Recommendations” Recommendations”, Special Publication, SEBU6385, “Caterpillar On-Highway Diesel Truck Engine Fluid Recommendations” Recommendations ”, Special Special Publication, Publication, SEBU6400, SEBU6400, “Caterpillar Gaseous Fueled Spark Ignited Engines Lubricant Recommendations” Recommendations”, and Special Publication, SEBU7003, “Caterpillar 3600 Series Diesel Engine Fluid Recommendations” Recommendations”. Always check with your Caterpillar dealer to ensure that you have the current revision level of the publication.

Global DHD-1 The Association des Constructeurs Europé Européens d’Automobiles (ACEA), the Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), and the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) have jointly developed developed a lubricant lubricant recommenda recommendation tion for heavy-duty diesel engines. For detailed information about this lubricant recommendation, see the latest edition of the Global DHD-1 recommendation at the ACEA, EMA, or JAMA websites. Application of oils meeting these guidelines is subject to the recommendation of the individual engine manufacturers. Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s recommenda recommendations tions can be found later in this section under the Commercial Oils heading (maintenance section).

API Oils The Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System by the American Petroleum Institute (API) is recognized by Caterpillar. For detailed information about this system, see the latest edition of the “API “ API publication No. 1509” 1509”. Engine oils that bear the API symbol are authorized by API.

g00546535

Illustration 3 Table 12

API Classifications Current

Obsolete

CH-4, CG-4, CF-4

CE

CF

CC, CD

CF-2 (1)

(1) (1)

CD-2

(1) (1)

CD-2 and API CF-2 are classifications for two-cycle diesel engines. Caterpillar does not sell engines that utilize CD-2 and API CF-2 oils.

Note: API CF is not the same classification as API CF-4. API CF oils are only recommended for Caterpillar machine engines with precombustion chamber fuel systems (PC).

Transmission/Drive Train Oil Transmission/drive train oils are classified by the TO-4 / TO-4M specification. This specification was developed by Caterpillar for use in Caterpillar transmissions and in most Caterpillar final drives.

Final Drive and Axle Oil Final Drive and Axle Oils are classified by the FD-1 specification. This specification was developed by Caterpillar for use in certain highly loaded Caterpillar final drives and axles that do not contain friction material.

Gear Oil Gear lubricants are classified by the API service classification and by the SAE viscosity grade that is defined in “SAE J306” J306”.


Grease The classifications of grease are based on the “ASTM D217” D217” worked penetration characteristics. These characteristics characteristics for grease grease are given a defined defined consistency number.

Caterpillar Fluids Caterpillar fluids have been approved by Caterpillar in order to increase the performance of Caterpillar components and the life of Caterpillar components. Caterpillar fluids that are currently used for engines and for machines are offered by Caterpillar dealers. Caterpillar fluids are also offered for continued refills. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information on these Caterpillar fluids. Caterpillar recommends the use of the following Caterpillar Caterpillar fluids: fluids:

• Caterpillar Multigrade Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) • Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil (TDTO) • Caterpillar Transmission Multi-Season Oil (TDTO-TMS)

• Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil (FDAO) • Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) • Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil (HYDO) • Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) • Caterpillar Gear Oil (GO) • Caterpillar Multipurpose Lithium Grease (MPG) • Caterpillar Multipurpose Molybdenum Grease (MPGM)

• Caterpillar Special Purpose Grease (SPG) • Caterpillar Auto-Lube Grease (AL) • Caterpillar Desert Gold Grease (DG) • Caterpillar Arctic Platinum Grease (AP) • Caterpillar Water and Temperature Resistant Grease (WTR)

• Caterpillar Extended Life Coolant (ELC) • Caterpillar Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC)

i01771932

Engine Oil SMCS Code: 1300; 1348

Applications D300, 3000, 3100, 3176, 3196, 3200, 3300, 3400, and 3500 series of diesel engines

Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) Caterpillar oils have been developed and tested in order to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Caterpillar Engines. Caterpillar oils are currently used to fill diesel engines at the factory. These oils are offered by Caterpillar dealers for continued use when the engine oil is changed. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information on these oils. Due to significant variations in the quality and in the performance of commercially available oils, Caterpillar makes the following recommendations:

• Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) (SAE 10W-30)

• Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) (SAE 15W-40)

Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil is formulated with the correct amounts of detergents, dispersants, and alkalinity in order to provide superior performance in Caterpillar Diesel Engines. Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil is available in two viscosity grades (SAE 10W-30 and SAE 15W-40). In order to choose the correct oil viscosity to use for the ambient temperature, refer to the tables for Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures (Maintenance Section). Multigrade oils provide the correct viscosity for a broad range of operating operating temperature temperatures. s. Multigrade oils are effective in maintaining low oil consumption and low levels of piston deposits. Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil can be used in other diesel engines and in gasoline engines. See the engine manufacturer’ manufacturer’s guide for the recommended specifications. Compare the specifications to the specifications of Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil. The current industry standards for Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil are listed on the product label and on the data sheets for the product. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for part numbers and for available sizes of containers.


Note: Caterpillar SAE 15W-40 multigrade DEO passes the tests for the following API classifications: API CH-4, CG-4, CF-4, and CF. Cat SAE 15W-40 multigrade DEO also passes additional proprietary tests that include the following tests: sticking of the piston ring, oil control tests, wear tests, and soot tests. Proprietary tests help ensure that Caterpillar multigrade oil provides superior performance in Caterpillar Diesel Engines. In addition, Caterpillar multigrade oil exceeds many of the performance requirements of other manufacturers of diesel engines. Therefore, this oil is an excellent choice for many mixed fleets. True high performance oil is produced by using a combination of the following factors: industry standard tests, proprietary tests, field tests, and prior experience with similar formulations. The design and the development of Caterpillar lubricants that are both high performance and high quality are based on these factors.

Commercial Oils The performance of commercial diesel engine oils is based on the classifications of the American Petroleum Institute (API). These API classifications are developed in order to provide commercial lubricants for a broad range of diesel engines that operate at various conditions. If Caterpillar multigrade Diesel Engine Oil is not used, only use commercial oils that meet the following classifications:

• API CH-4 multigrade oil (preferred oil) • Global DHD-1 multigrade oil (preferred oil) • API CG-4 multigrade oil (preferred oil) • API CF-4 multigrade oil (acceptable oil) Note: API CF-4 oil should NOT be used in 3500 Series diesel engines. Note: Refer to the engine Operation and Maintenance Manual for guidance when API CF-4 oil will be used in Caterpillar diesel engines that are not part of the 3500 Series. NOTICE In selecting oil for any engine application, both the oil viscos viscosity ity and oil perfo performa rmance nce catego category ry as specif specified ied by the engine manufacturer must be defined and satisfied. Using only one of these parameters will not sufficently define oil for an engine application. In order to make the proper choice of a commercial oil, refer to the following explanations:

Global DHD-1 – The Association Association des Constructeur Constructeurs s Europé Européens d’ d’Automobiles (ACEA), the Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) and the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) have together developed a lubricant recommendation for heavy-duty diesel engines. Global DHD-1 is a recommended guideline that defines a level of oil performance that is required for high speed, four cycle, heavy-duty diesel engines. Global DHD-1 may also be used under light-duty application. Oils that comply with this specification are designed to meet 1998 and newer exhaust emission standards worldwide. Whenever API CH-4, API CG-4, and API CF-4 oils are recommended for use in Caterpillar diesel engines, oils meeting Global DHD-1 may be used. Global DHD-1 oils will meet the needs of high performance Caterpillar diesel engines operating in many applications. The tests and test limits defining Global DHD-1 are similar to those in the API CH-4 classification with additional tests that address deposits, linear wear, oil consumption, cam lobe wear, and roller follower wear. These oils will meet the requirements of current diesel engines that have low emissions levels. Global DHD-1 requires that oils be designed to control both ferrous and nonferrous corrosion, wear, piston deposits, oxidation, thickening, aeration, and viscosity loss due to shear.

Note: Caterpillar, ACEA, EMA, and JAMA require that any engine oil claiming to meet Global DHD-1 must have adequate performance data to support the claim and must make such performance data reasonably available upon request. API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to meet the requirements of the new high performance diesel engines. Also, the oil was designed to meet the requirements of the low emissions diesel engines. API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use in older diesel engines and in diesel engines that use high sulfur diesel fuel. API CH-4 oils may be used in Caterpillar engines that use API CG-4 and API CF-4 oils. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria: deposits on pistons, control of oil consumption, wear of piston rings, valve train wear, viscosity control, and corrosion.


Three new engine tests were developed for the API CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates deposits on pistons for engines with the two-piece steel piston. This test (piston deposit) deposit) also measures measures the control of oil consumption. A second test is conducted with moderate oil soot. The second test measures the following criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of cylinder liners, and resistance to corrosion. A third new test measures the following characteristics with high levels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train, resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter, and control of sludge. In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have tougher limits for viscosity control in applications that generate high soot. The oils also have improved oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an additional test (piston deposit) for engines that use aluminum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is also established for engines that operate in areas with high sulfur diesel fuel. All of these improvements allow the API CH-4 oil to achieve optimum oil change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended for use in extended oil change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended for conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Caterpillar dealer has specific guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.

API CG-4 – API CG-4 oils were developed primarily for diesel engines that use a 0.05 percent level of fuel sulfur. However, API CG-4 oils can be used with higher sulfur fuels. The TBN of the new oil determines the maximum fuel sulfur level for API CG-4 and API CF-4 oils. API CG-4 oils are the first oils that are required to pass industry standard tests for foam control and viscosity shear loss. API CG-4 oils must also pass tests that were developed for corrosion, wear and oxidation.

API CF-4 – These oils service a wide variety of modern diesel engines. API CF-4 oils provide more stable oil control and reduced piston deposits in comparison to API CF and the obsolete CE and CD classifications of oil. API CF-4 oils provide improved soot dispersancy in comparison to API CF and obsolete CD oils. The API CF-4 classification was developed with a 0.40 percent sulfur diesel fuel. Note: Do not use API CF-4 oils in 3500 Series diesel engines. Note: Some commercial oils that meet the API performance classifications may require reduced oil change intervals. To determine the oil change interval, closely monitor the condition of the oil and perform a wear metal analysis. Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s S·O·S oil analysis program is the preferred method.

NOTICE Do not use single grade API CF oils or multigrade API CF oils in Caterpillar Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines (Except Caterpillar 3600 Series Diesel Engines). API CF is not the same oil classification as API CF-4. API CF oils oils are only only recomm recommend ended ed for for Caterp Caterpilla illarr 3600 Series diesel engines and Caterpillar engines with precombustion chamber (PC) fuel systems. NOTICE Failure ailure to follo follow w the these se oil recomm recommend endati ations ons can cause cause shortened engine service life due to deposits and/or excessive wear.

i01758827

Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines SMCS Code: 1348 The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is defined by “ASTM D2896” D2896”. The minimum TBN of the oil is five (5) regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 4 demonstrates the TBN.

Note: The “10 times fuel sulfur level” level ” rule that is used for determining the TBN level for new diesel engine oil for DI engines is based only on the fuel sulfur content. Portions of the additive package that contribute to the TBN also serve other functions. Diesel engine oils with a TBN in the range of 10 to 12 TBN are preferred to diesel engine oils with a TBN in the range of 5 to 9 TBN.


i01764413

Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels for Precombustion Chamber (PC) Diesel Engines SMCS Code: 1348

Illustration 4

g00104890

(Y) TBN by “ by “ASTM ASTM D2896” D2896” (X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight (1) TBN of new oil (2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of the original TBN.

The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on the fuel sulfur level. For precombustion chamber engines that use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil must be 20 times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is defined by “ASTM D2896” D2896”. The minimum TBN of the oil is five (5) regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 5 demonstrates the TBN.

Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that exceed 1.5 percent: highest TBN that meets • Choose an oil with the highest one of these classifications: API CH-4, Global DHD-1, API CG-4, and API CF-4.

• Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil

change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a wear metal analysis. Illustration 5

Note: API CF-4 oil should NOT be used in 3500 Series diesel engines. Note: Refer to the engine Operation and Maintenance Manual for guidance when API CF-4 oil will be used in diesel engines that are not part of the 3500 Series. Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing of the cylinder bore.

NOTICE Operating Operating Direct Direct Injection (DI) (DI) diesel engines with fuel sulfur levels over 1.0 percent may require shortened oil change change interv intervals als in order order to help help mainta maintain in ade adequa quate te wear protection.

g00274867

(Y) TBN by “ by “ASTM ASTM D2896” D2896” (X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight (1) TBN of new oil (2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of the original TBN.

Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that exceed 1.5 percent: Choose an oil with the highest highest TBN that meets • Choose one of these classifications: API CH-4, Global DHD-1, API CG-4, and API CF-4.

• Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil

change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a wear metal analysis.

Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing of the cylinder bore.

NOTICE Operating PC engines at fuel sulfur levels over 1.0 percent may require shortened oil change intervals to maintain adequate wear protection.


i01754651

Hydraulic Oil SMCS Code: 5095

• CF engine oils that have a minimum zinc additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm)

Note: Industrial hydraulic oils are not recommended for service fill in Caterpillar machine hydraulic systems.

Applications • Hydraulic Systems • Hydrostatic Transmissions

Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil (HYDO) Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil is formulated with a balanced additive system. The system includes the following agents: detergents, rust inhibitors, antiwear agents, and defoamers. Caterpillar Hydraulic Hydraulic Oil offers offers the following benefits: benefits: protection protection against mechanical wear, rusting, corrosive wear in hydraulic systems, and wear in hydrostatic transmission systems. Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil should be used to achieve maximum life and maximum performance from hydraulic system components and from hydrostatic transmissions. Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil is recommended in most hydraulic systems and in most hydrostatic systems.

Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) Caterpillar has a biodegradable hydraulic oil that is available for use in machine hydraulic systems. This fluid is recommended for the hydraulic systems when environmental compliance is required or desired.

• Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil If a different viscosity is required due to ambient temperatures, the following Caterpillar oils can be used:

• Caterpillar Multigrade Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) • Caterpillar Single Grade Diesel Engine Oil (DEO) • Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil (TDTO) • Caterpillar Transmission Multi-Season Oil (TDTO-TMS)

• Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO)

Commercial Oils If Caterpillar oils cannot be used, the following commercial classifications can be used in hydraulic systems systems and in hydrostatic hydrostatic transmission transmission systems: systems:

Illustration 6

g00103844

Machin Machines es with this symbol symbol are are filled filled with biodegradable hydraulic oil. This symbol is located on the hydraulic tank. This fluid is formulated with the following components: components: a saturated saturated HEES (Hydraulic Environmental Ester Synthetic), synthetic base stock, and selected additives.

Note: Use this oil only in hydraulic systems. Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) may become darker in color throughout the service life of the oil. Analysis is required to determine the quality of the oil.

• CH-4 engine oils that have a minimum zinc

The maximum recommended water content for hydraulic systems that are filled with Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) is 0.10 percent. If the water levels exceed 0.10 percent, the water should be removed or the oil should be replaced.

• CG-4 engine oils that have a minimum zinc

Consult your Caterpillar dealer for additional information on this product and on the potential use.

additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm) additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm)

• CF-4 engine oils that have a minimum zinc additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm)


• E Series II Articulated Trucks NOTICE Do not use Caterpillar Caterpillar Biodegradable Biodegradable Hydraulic Hydraulic Oil (HEES) or commercial oils that meet the BF-1 specification cation in compart compartmen ments ts contai containin ning g frictio friction n mat materia eriall exexcept Hydraulic Excavators. Refer to the machine Operation and Maintenance Manual or or contact your local local Caterpi Caterpilla llarr dea dealer ler for for guidan guidance ce bef before ore using using Caterpi Caterpillar llar Biodegradab Biodegradable le Hydraulic Hydraulic Oil (HEES) (HEES) or commercia commerciall oils that meet the BF-1 specification in Hydraulic Excavators.

Commercial Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) If Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) is not used, commercial oils that meet the Caterpillar BF-1 specifications should be used. i01763283

Transmission/Drive Train Oil SMCS Code: 3080; 4000-OC

Applications The information relates to the following products:

• Power Shift Transmissions • Direct Drive Transmissions • Winches This information relates to the final drives for the following products:

• Track-Type Tractors • Pipelayers • Skidders • Loaders • Track-Type Excavators This information relates to the differentials and the final drives for the following products:

• Wheel Tractors • Loaders • Skidders • Compactors • Motor Graders

• 700 Series Articulated Trucks • AD 45 Underground Articulated Trucks • AE 40 Underground Articulated Trucks • AD 55 Underground Articulated Trucks • Off-Highway Tractors • Off-Highway Trucks

Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil (TDTO) Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil is balanced in order to give maximum frictional material life in power shift transmissions. Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil also helps eliminate brake chatter in wet brake applications applications in Caterpillar Caterpillar machines. This oil has passed the requirements for the TO-4 oil specification which includes the frictional requirements and gear wear requirements. This oil is offered in several lubricant viscosity grades.

NOTICE This This oil is formu formulat lated ed for for transm transmiss ission ions s and drive drive trains trains only, and should not be used in engines. Shortened engine life will result. result. Note: Do not use the Caterpillar Gear Oil or commercial gear oil in the machines that are listed above. The gear oil can cause seals to fail. The seals can also leak. The gear oil may not be compatible with friction materials. The oil can reduce the efficiency of the transmission and the brake performance. Note: Multigrade oils must meet the requirements of the Caterpillar TO-4M/TO-4M specification in order to be used in transmissions. Multigrade oils that use high molecular weight polymers as viscosity index improvers may lose the viscosity effectiveness. This effectiveness may be lost by the temporary shear of the polymer viscosity index improver. Permanent shear of the polymer viscosity index improver may also occur. These types of multigrade oils are not recommended for Caterpillar drive train compartments. The Caterpillar TO-4/TO-4M specification includes a test for the shear stability of multigrade oil.


Commercial Transmission/Drive Train Oils Commercial oils that are substituted for the Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil must comply with the requireme requirements nts for the TO-4/TO-4M Caterpillar specification.

• Physical properties and chemical properties FDAO also has the following qualities:

• Compatible with the TDTO oils and the seals for the related compartments

• Excellent protection against rust

Final Drive and Axle Oil

• Excellent protection against copper corrosion

Use this oil in the following applications.

• Minimizes foaming

Applications

• Extended life of the oil due to low rate of oxidation

This information is for the final drives for the following products:

• Large Track-Type Tractors (Machines with steel

tracks that have Elevated Final Drives except for the D5M and the D6M)

• Pipelayers (Machines with steel tracks that have Elevated Final Drives except for the 561M)

• Reduced downtime due to extended oil change intervals

Commercial Final Drive and Axle Oil Commercial oils that are substituted for Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil must comply with the Caterpillar Caterpillar FD-1 specificatio specification. n.

• Track Skidders (Machines with steel tracks that have Elevated Final Drives)

This information is for the Differentials and Final Drives for the following products:

i01755669

Gear Oil SMCS Code: 7000; 7551; 7581

• Off-Highway Tractors • Off-Highway Trucks • Front Wheels on Off-Highway Trucks

Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil (FDAO) Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil is blended specifically for applications with high load and high temperature conditions. In these conditions,the protection of gears and bearings is a primary concern. This is the preferred lubricant for Caterpillar final drives and axles that formerly specified TO-4 oils, and that do not contain friction materials. This oil should not be used in compartments that contain friction material unless FDAO has been specified because because FDAO does not develop develop a sufficient sufficient friction coefficient in order to satisfy the requirements of most clutches and brakes. The performance of the FDAO equaled the performance of TDTO or the performance of the FDAO exceeded the performance of TDTO in 18 of 18 tests for the following characteristics.

• Gear and bearing protection

Applications • Direct Drive Transmissions for Pavement Profilers Differentials ntials and Final Drives for Wheel • Differe

Tractor-Scrapers, Auger and Elevator Speed Reducers, Wheel Type Excavators, Mini Hydraulic Excavators, Excavators, certain Backhoe Loaders, Loaders, Pavement Pavement Profilers, and Articulated Trucks (except for the E Series II Articulated Trucks, 700 Series Articulated Trucks, and AD45, AE40, AD55 Underground Articulated Trucks)

• Certain Vibratory Compactor Drum Bearings


Caterpillar Gear Oil (GO) Caterpillar Gear Oil offers maximum protection against the following damage: scoring of the gear teeth, pitting of the gear teeth, and pitting of the parts in roller bearings. Caterpillar Gear Oil provides excellent stability under high temperature conditions. Caterpillar Gear Oil also has superior low temperature performance. This oil also gives protection protection against rust and corrosion. corrosion. Some applications require additives for the extreme pressures that can occur at the edges of the components. For these applications, Caterpillar Gear Oil provides the extra protection. When the use of gear oil is specified, use Caterpillar Gear Oil in order to maximize the component life.

NOTICE Cater aterpi pill llar ar Gear ear Oil (GO) GO) is not the sam same as Caterpillar Caterpillar Transmission ransmission/Driv /Drive e Train Oil, and does not mee meett Caterpi Caterpilla llarr’s specif specifica icatio tions ns for for TO-4 oil. Caterpillar Caterpillar GO or commercial commercial gear oils should should not be used in compartments that specify TO-4 oil. NOTICE Cater aterpi pill llar ar Gear ear Oil (GO) GO) is not the sam same as Cate Caterp rpil illa larr Fina Finall Driv Drive e and and Axle Axle Oil, Oil, and and does does not mee meett Caterpi Caterpilla llarr’s specif specifica icatio tions ns for for FD-1 FD-1 oil. Caterpillar GO or commercial gear oil should not be used in compartments that specify FD-1 oil.

Commercial Gear Oils If the Caterpillar Gear Oil cannot be used, select a commercial oil that meets the API GL-5 specification. i01755696

Multipurpose Tractor Oil SMCS Code: 7000; 7581

Applications • Backhoe Loader Rear Drive Axle • Challenger Agricultural Tractor Hydraulic System and Steering Mechanism

Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) is available for use in the backhoe loader rear drive axle. This oil provides the proper frictional requirement for the brakes that require oil cooling in this compartment. compartment. This oil is also used in Challenger Agricultural Tractors for the implement hydraulic system and for the steering control mechanism. Many agricultural tractors have hydraulic systems that are common with the transmission and with the drive train. By using Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil, you will be able to interchange hydraulically actuated tools. This oil provides the performance that is required of these multifunction compartments that use a single fluid.

NOTICE Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) is not the same as Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil, and does not meet Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s specifications for TO-4 oil. Caterpillar MTO should not be used in compartments that specify TO-4 oil. NOTICE Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) is not the same same as Caterp Caterpilla illarr Final Final Drive Drive and Axle Axle Oil, Oil, and does not meet Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s specifications for FD-1 oil. Caterpillar MTO should not be used in compartments that specify FD-1 oil.

Commercial Commercial Multipurpose Tractor Oils If Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil is not available, use an oil that meets the “Ford/New Holland M2C134-D” M2C134-D” specification. The oil must also satisfy the requirements of the following machine systems:

• Multipurpose tractor transmission • Hydraulic drives on agricultural tractors and on industrial industrial tractors tractors

• Final drives on agricultural tractors and on industrial industrial tractors tractors


i01758229

Synthetic Base Stock Oils SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7000; 7581 Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in Caterpillar engines and in Caterpillar machines if these oils meet the performance requirements that are specified for a particular compartment. Each compartment compartment has specific specific lubrication lubrication specification specifications s in order to ensure proper lubrication and life of the system. Synthetic base oils generally perform better than conventional oils in the following two areas:

• Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low temperature temperatures s especially especially in arctic arctic conditions. conditions.

• Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation

stability especially at high operating temperatures.

Some synthetic base oils have performance characteristics that enhance the service life of the oil. However, Caterpillar does not recommend automatically extending the oil drain interval for any machine compartment for oils with synthetic base stock. Oil drain intervals for Caterpillar diesel engines can only be adjusted after an oil analysis program that contains the following data:

• Oil condition and wear metal analysis (Caterpillar S·O·S Oil Analysis)

• Trend analysis

The process that is used to make re-refined oil should adequately remove all wear metals and all additives that are in the used oil. Vacuum distillation and the hydrotreating of used oil are acceptable processes that are used for producing a re-refined base oil. Filtering is inadequate for the production of high quality, re-refined base oils from used oil. i01755834

Aftermarket Oil Additives SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7000; 7581 Caterpillar does not recommend the use of aftermarket additives in oil. It is not necessary to use aftermarket additives in order to achieve the machine’ machine’s maximum service life or rated performance. Fully formulated, finished oils consist of base oils and of commercial additive packages. These additive packages are blended into the base oils at precise percentages in order to help provide finished oils with performance characteristics that meet industry standards. There are no industry standard tests that evaluate the performance or the compatibility of aftermarket additives in finished oil. Aftermarket additives may not be compatible with the finished oil’ oil’s additive package, which could lower the performance of the finished oil. The aftermarket additive could fail to mix with the finished oil. This could produce sludge. Caterpillar discourages the use of aftermarket additives in finished oils. To achieve the best performance from Caterpillar machines, conform to the following guidelines:

• Fuel consumption

• Select the proper Caterpillar oil or select

• Oil consumption

commercial oil that meets the specifications for the compartment.

i01145510

Re-refined Base Stock Oils SMCS Code: 1300; 1348; 7000; 7581 Re-refined base oils are acceptable for use in Caterpillar engines and in Caterpillar machines if these oils meet the performance requirements that are specified for a particular compartment. Each compartment has requirements for lubrication and requirements for lubrication specifications in order to ensure proper lubrication and life of the system. Re-refined base oils can be used exclusively in finished oil or in a combination with new base oils. The U.S. military specifications and the specifications of other heavy equipment manufacturers also allow the use of re-refined base oils that meet the same criteria.

Viscosities” table • See the appropriate “Lubricant Viscosities” in order to find the correct oil viscosity grade for the machine compartment.

• At the specified interval, service the engine or

service the other machine compartments. Use new oil and install a new oil filter.

• Perform maintenance at the intervals that are specified in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “ Manual, “Maintenance Maintenance Interval Schedule” Schedule”.


i01761875

Lubricating Grease SMCS Code: 1000; 7000; 7581 Caterpillar provides a variety of greases in order to service the entire range of conditions where Caterpillar machines may be used. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for part numbers and for available sizes of containers.

Note: Because some greases are not compatible with other greases, it is generally recommended to purge all of the old grease from the application when you switch from one type of grease to another, and/or from one supplier to another. If you wish to avoid this step, consult with the grease supplier to determine if the greases are compatible. When in doubt, Purge! Note: All greases that are supplied by Caterpillar are compatible with each other and these greases do not require purging. Always use a grease that meets or exceeds the recommendations for the machine.

Multipurpose Grease (MPG) Cat Multipurpose Grease (MPG) is a petroleum oil based, lithium complex, NLGI grade 2 grease for use in applications with low to medium severity and at moderate temperatures. Cat MPG meets the NLGI certification of “GC-LB” GC-LB” (extended service intervals in automotive chassis points and in wheel bearings with disc brakes in automobiles, in vans and in light trucks). Cat MPG grease will pump through centralized auto-lube systems at ambient temperatures down to −23 C (−10 F) and will perform well in low to medium severity applications up to 41 C (105 F). In less severe applications, this grease can be used at much higher temperatures. This product is also available in an extra tacky version for use in assembling engines, transmissions, etc. as Cat MPWAG (Multipurpose White Assembly Grease)

Multipurpose Grease w/ MoS2 (MPGM) Cat Multipurpose Grease with 3% MoS2 (MPGM) is a petroleum oil based, lithium complex, NLGI grade 2 grease with 3% Molybdenum disulfide for use in applications with medium to high severity and at moderate temperatures. Cat MPGM meets the NLGI certification of “ of “GC-LB GC-LB”” (extended service intervals in automotive chassis points and in wheel bearings with disc brakes in automobiles, in vans and in light trucks). Cat MPGM grease will pump through centralized auto-lube systems at ambient temperatures down to − 18 C (0 F) and will perform perform well in medium medium to high severity applications up to 41 C (105 F). In less severe applications, this grease can be used at much higher temperatures.

Note: For applications where water washout, extremely heavy loads or very frequent oscillations are experienced and/or where grease intervals are longer than normal, Cat has greases with calcium sulfonate sulfonate complex thickener thickener which will provide provide more load carrying (galling resistance) and longer wear life. Note: If MPGM is not available, consult the grease data sheet and use a substitute that meets or exceeds the performance characteristics of the recommended grease.

Cat Auto-Lube Grease Cat Auto-Lube Greases w/ 5% MoS 2 (AL) are petroleum petroleum oil based, based, with calcium sulfonate complex thickener, tackifier and 5% Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Cat Auto-Lube Greases are available in NLGI grades: 0, 1, and 2; so that the appropriate viscosity can be used for the ambient temperature range. Cat Auto-Lube Greases are recommended for use at moderate ambient temperatures in extremely heavily loaded pin joints and high impact applications such as on: Scrapers, Large Wheel Loaders, Excavators, and Shovels. Cat Auto-Lube 2 (AL-2), an NLGI grade 2 grease, will pump through centralized auto-lube systems at ambient temperatures down to −1 C (30 F) and will perform well in severe applications up to 41 C (105 F). Cat Auto-Lube 1 (AL-1), an NLGI grade 1 grease, will pump through centralized auto-lube systems at temperatures down to − 18 C (0 F) and will perform well in severe applications up to 30 C (86 F).


Cat Auto-Lube 0 (AL-0) NLGI grade 0 grease, will pump through centralized auto-lube systems at ambient temperatures down to − 29 C (−20 F) and will perform well in severe applications up to 10 C (50 F). In less severe applications, AL greases can be used successfully at much higher temperatures. Cat Auto-Lube Auto-Lube Greases are environment environmentally ally friendly friendly greases, which do not contain the following materials: antimony, free sulfur, barium, zinc, lead, and phosphorus.

Note: If Cat Auto-Lube Greases are not available, consult the grease data sheet and use a substitute which meets or exceeds the performance characteristi characteristics cs of the recommende recommended d grease. grease.

Caterpillar Desert Gold (DG) Cat Desert Gold (DG) is a synthetic fluid based, calcium sulfonate complex thickened grease with tackifier and 5% Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2). Desert Gold is available in NLGI grade 2. Desert Gold is recommended for use in moderate to extremely high temperatures, especially in wet and/or high severity applications such as the extremely heavily loaded pin joints and high impact applications found on: Scrapers, Large Wheel Loaders, Excavators, and Shovels. Cat Desert Gold grease will pump through centralized centralized auto-lube systems systems at ambient ambient temperatures temperatures down to 10 C (40 F) and will perform well in extremely severe applications with ambient temperatures up to 66 C (150 F). In less severe applications, Desert Gold grease can be used successfully up to approximately 232 C (450 F). Cat Desert Gold is formulated with a very high viscosity, synthetic base fluid, which, along with the calcium sulfonate complex thickener, provides a much thicker lubricant film than regular grease. Because of the synthetic base fluid, which does not thin out as quickly as regular petroleum base oils, this film stays in the joint, even in the most severe applications. Because of the extra film thickness, Desert Gold also withstands even more load at moderate temperatures than Auto-Lube Greases. Desert Gold grease also is much more resistant to mechanical and thermal breakdown than regular lithium complex greases. This makes Desert Gold a better choice for those applications that may not always be serviced at the recommended intervals. Desert Gold is an environmentally friendly grease which does not contain the following materials: antimony, free sulfur, barium, zinc, lead, and phosphorous.

Arctic Platinum (AP) Cat Arctic Platinum Greases (AP) are synthetic fluid based, calcium sulfonate complex thickened greases with tackifier and 5% MoS2. These greases were developed for use in extremely cold to moderate temperatures, especially in wet and/or high severity applications such as the extremely heavily loaded pin joints and high impact applications found on: Scrapers, Large Wheel Loaders, Excavators, and Shovels. Cat Arctic Platinum Greases are available in grades 000, 00, 0, and 1. These grades ensure pumpability in central lube systems and the ability to stay in the joint and resist load and wear in a wide range of ambient temperatures. For example, AP-000 is pumpable through standard auto lubrication systems at temperatures down to − 60 C (−76 F). Because Because of the calcium sulfonate sulfonate complex complex thickener thickener and 5% MoS2, these greases also have extremely high galling resistance and wear resistance along with water resistance and resistance to breakdown from mechanical working. These greases are also sometimes used in applications where a high viscosity gear or hydraulic oil would otherwise be used, such as, track joints on excavator undercarriage. Arctic Arctic Platinum Platinum greases greases are environmen environmentally tally friendly friendly and do not contain the following materials: antimony, free sulfur, barium, zinc, and phosphorous.

Water and Temperature Resistant Grease (WTR) Water and Temperature Resistant Grease (WTR) is a petroleum oil based, calcium sulfonate complex thickened grease available in NLGI grade 2. Water and Temperature Resistant Grease is designed for use whenever the loads are high and the following conditions are a concern: water washout, severe severe corrosion, corrosion, and high operating operating temperature temperatures. s. Water and Temperature Resistant Grease has no Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), but still provides a high level of extreme pressure protection (in between that of regular MPGM and Auto-Lube Grease). Being a calcium sulfonate complex grease, rust protection and corrosion protection are excellent, (similar to that of Desert Gold, Auto-Lube and Arctic Platinum greases).


Water and Temperature Resistant Grease has excellent thermal and mechanical shear stability, even in the presence of water. Water and Temperature Resistant Grease works in any application where a conventional lithium complex grease could be used and provides the additional benefits of higher galling resistance, more wear resistance, and very good resistance to breakdown from mechanical working. This product meets the NLGI certification of “GC-LB” GC-LB”. Water and Temperature Resistant Grease is environmentally friendly and does not contain the following materials: antimony, free sulfur, barium, zinc, lead, and phosphorous materials.

Special Purpose Grease (SPG) Cat Special Purpose Grease (SPG) is a petroleum oil based, polyurea thickened grease, and is available in NLGI grade No. 2. This grease is recommended for lightly loaded, high speed roller and ball bearing applications where long life is very desirable, such as electric starting motors, alternators, fan drives, and generators. Special Purpose Grease (SPG) is environmentally friendly grease, which does not contain the following materials: antimony, free sulfur, barium, zinc, lead, and phosphorous materials.

Grease Application Chart

Grease Application Chart 2

Grease Name

NLGI Grade

Recommended Operating Conditions

Low Temp. Pumpability

Severe Applications

Severe Applications

Severe Applications

Severe Applications with Extremely Heavy Loads

[In Centralized (Auto-Lube) Systems]

Extremely Low to Low Temps

Low to ModerateTemps

Moderate to High Temps

Moderate to High Temps

1

Optimum Operating Temperature Range

2

o

2

o

o

o

2

o

7

6

Corrosion Protection

Water Washout Resistance

(Shear Stability)

o

+ 65 F to +105 F

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

o

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Very Good

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

0 F

o

Good

Excellent

Good

Good

Fair

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

o

Very Good

Excellent

Fair

Fair

Fair

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

o

Excellent

Very Good

N/R

N/R

N/R

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

o

Excellent

Very Good

N/R

N/R

N/R

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

o

Excellent

Good

N/R

N/R

N/R

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

o

Excellent

Good

N/R

N/R

N/R

Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

0 F

o

Fair

Fair

Poor

N/R

N/R

Good

Good

No

Fair

Fair

o

N/ R

N/R

N/R

N/R

N/R

Fair

Good

No

Fair

Fair

o

Good

Good

Good

Fair

Fair

Very Good

Very Good

Yes

Excellent

Excellent

2

above +30 F

Auto Lube Grease 1

1

above

Auto Lube Grease 0

0

above -20 F

Arctic Platinum 1

1

above -30 F

Arctic Platinum 0

0

above -45 F

Arctic Platinum 00

00

above -60 F

Arctic Platinum 000

000

above -75 F

MPGM

2

above

MPG

2

above -10 F

WTR

2

above -10 F

1

Based on USS Mobility and Lincoln Ventmeter Tests Performance may vary depending on lubrication equipment equipment and length of lines Severe Applications are those with: very heavy loads, frequent oscillations,and heavy shock loads.

3

Extreme pressure (EP), refer to Shell 4-Ball Weld point in technical data sheet Service Life, refer to % change after 100,000 strokes in technical data sheet

5

Does not contain: Lead, Zinc, Barium, Chlorine, Phosphorous, or free Sulfur

7

o

Environnmentally Friendly

-10 F to +85 F

Auto Lube Grease 2

6

o

(Anti-Wear Protection)

Service Life

N/ R

above +50 F

Resistance to Salt water and Salt Spray Water Washout Resistance, refer to Roll Stability with Water, % Change

N/R = Not Recommended Note : For additional performance data on these greases refer to NEHP5621.

+65 F to +105 F

High to Extremely High Temps

5

4

-75 F to 0 F 2

4

o

Extreme Pressure (EP)

o

Desert Gold

2

o

3

Severe Applications

2

+100 F to +450 F Excellent

Excellent

Yes

Excellent

Excellent


i01758349

NOTICE DOT-3 or DOT-5 fluids are not compatible with petroleum based products.

Specialty Lubricants SMCS Code: 7000; 7581

Do not use DOT-3 or DOT-5 brake circuit actuation fluids in compartments that contain friction material or wet brake systems.

Table 13

Special-Purpose Caterpillar Lubricants Item

Size

(1) 6V-4876 Lubricant(1)

500 g (17.6 oz)

(2) 5P-3931 Thread Compound(2)

150 g (5.3 oz)

(1) (2)

Recommended for use on typical components such as head bolt threads and washers. Recommended Recommended for mating connectors such as exhaust manifold studs and exhaust manifold nuts.

Do not not use use DOTDOT-3 3 or DOTDOT-5 5 brak brake e circ circui uitt actu actuat atio ion n flufluids in compartments where hydraulic hydraulic oil or TO-4 TO-4 fluids are recommended. Refer to the machine Operation and Maintenance Manual for guidance when DOT-3 or DOT-5 brake circuit actuation fluids are required.

Table 14

Special Additive Requirement for Axles on Wheel Loaders Required Volume of 1U-9891 Oil Additive for Wheel Loader Axles with Wet Disc, Axle (1) Shaft Speed Brakes (1) Machine Model

Number of bottles per axle

All Small (910-928) Wheel Loaders. IT28-IT62 machines 938-950, 966F, 970F Wheel Loaders 815, 816 Compactors 814 Wheel Dozer

0.5

966G and 972G

1.0

980G, 824G, 825G, 826G

1.5

988FII, 834B, 836

2

988G, 834G, 836G

3

990 Series II , 844

4

992G, 854G

5

i01157683

Dry Film Lubricant SMCS Code: 7581 1U-8268 Dry

Film Lubricant has the following characteristics: superior lubricity, excellent adhesion to most surfaces, fast dry times, and easy application The dry lubricant can be used for the following applications: backhoe extendable stick, blade circles for motor graders, shift mechanisms, masts for lift trucks, slides that require frequent lubrication, locks that have tumblers, and applications that require a press fit. This lubricant is recommended for use on the Compact Wheel Loaders. Use the dry film lubricant for the following applications: all moving door latches, hinges, door locks, lock for the hood, hinges for the hood, and throttle pedal linkage. Use this lubricant in a well ventilated area.

(1) 1U-9891 Oil

Additive is not to be used in brake compartments where the service brake is also used as the parking brake unless specifically recommended by Caterpillar.

i01755653

Dry Brake Shoe Applications SMCS Code: 4250-OC; 7579 DOT-3 or DOT-5 fluids are used as a brake actuation fluid on certain equipment with dry brake shoes. (DOT = US Department Of Transportation)

i01771930

Cold Weather Lubricants SMCS Code: 1000; 1300; 1348; 7000; 7581 Before attempting to start the engine, make sure that the oil in the engine, oil in the transmission, and the oil in the hydraulic system are fluid enough to flow. Check the oil by removing the dipsticks. If the oil will drip from the dipstick, then the oil is fluid enough to start the engine. Do not use oil that has been diluted with kerosene. kerosene. Kerosene Kerosene will evaporate in the engine. This will cause the oil to thicken. Kerosene will cause swelling and softening of the silicone seals. If your machine is equipped with a gasoline starting engine (earlier machine), make sure that the oil is fluid enough to flow.


If the viscosity of the oil is changed for colder weather, also change the filter element. If the filter is not changed, the filter element and the filter housing can become a solid mass. Drain all hydraulic cylinders and lines. After you change the oil, operate the equipment in order to circulate the thinner oil. When you start an engine or when you operate an engine in ambient temperatures that are below−20 C (−4 F) use base oils that can flow in low temperatures. These oils have lubricant viscosity grade of SAE 0W or of SAE 5W. When you start a machine or when you operate a machine in ambient temperatures that are below −30 C (−22 F), 22 F), use a synthetic base stock multigrade oil. The oil should have a lubricant viscosity grade of SAE 0W or SAE 5W. Use an oil with a pour point that is lower than − 50 C (−58 F). Because the number of acceptable lubricants is limited in arctic conditions, Caterpillar has special recommenda recommendations tions for arctic arctic conditions. conditions. Caterpillar Caterpillar recommends the following lubricants for use in Arctic conditions: (The lubricants are listed by preference.)

Note: Use the highest oil viscosity grade that is allowed for the ambient temperature when you start the machine. If a different oil viscosity grade is specified in the tables for Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures, use the viscosity grade that is specified in the table for Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures. In arctic applications, the preferred method of lubrication is to use machine compartment heaters that are the correct size and to use an oil that is a higher viscosity grade. Refer to the Selecting Lubricant Viscosities section for further details (Maintenance Section).

NOTICE Units that use fluid or pan heaters, or shelters, or are kept running under load, etc. can, and should use higher viscosity oil. oil. The "Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures" tables (Maintenance Section) "Minimum" viscosity viscosity for ambient ambient temp temperatu erature re recommenda recommendations tions are for "cold soaked" soaked" conditions conditions.. Use the highest highest viscosity viscosity oil that that is allowed allowed for for the ambient temperature when you start the machine - BUT, - BUT, under und er "Continuous Usage (Multiple Shifts/Day)", Shifts/Day)", and/or when using fluid using fluid or pan heaters, heaters, etc., use a higher higher viscos viscosity ity oil, oil, NOT the oil with with the minumu minumum m recrecNOT the ommended viscosity for "cold soaked" starting conditions. The higher viscosity oil will maintain the highest possible oil film thickness. Example: The Example: The oil viscosity recommended for use in Caterpillar machine deisel engines for "cold soaked" starts at − 40 C (−40 F) is multigrade multigrade oil of the SAE 0W viscosity grade (SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, etc.). If the diesel engine is run continuously continuously,, SAE 15W-40 15W-40 viscosity grade diesel engine oil can be used - and is the preferred oil viscosity in this situation. NOTICE Some machine compartments do not allow the use of SAE 0W, SAE 5W or certain other viscosity grade oils. Refer to the tables for Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures that are in this manual. NOTICE If ambient conditions warrant, a higher viscosity oil of the recommend recommended ed specificat specification/c ion/classif lassificatio ication n for a given compartment may need to be installed in order to provide adequate film thickness. NOTICE Recomm Recommend ended ed compart compartmen mentt warmwarm-up up proced procedure ure must must be follo followed wed.. Refer Refer to the machin machine e Operat Operation ion and Maintenance Manual. Also refer to to the relevant "Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures" tables footnotes in this publication and to the "Machine Warm-up Procedures - Generic" topic (Maintenance Section) in this publication.

• Engine Oils NOTICE Using oils that are not recommended as first choice oils could result in shortened life of the engine.


First Choice – use a CH-4 oil that is licensed by API with one of the following lubricant viscosity grades: SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, SAE 0W-40, SAE 5W-30, and SAE 5W-40. Oil that meets the Global DHD-1 requirements, or CG-4 oil that is licensed by API with an SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, SAE 0W-40, SAE 5W-30, or SAE 5W-40 lubricant viscosity grade may also be used. Second Choice – use oil that contains the CH-4, CG-4, or CF-4 additive package although the oil has not been tested for the requirements of the API license. The oil must have one of the following lubricant viscosity grades: SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, SAE 0W-40, SAE 5W-30, and SAE 5W-40. Note: Do not use API CF-4 oils in 3500 Series diesel engines.

• Transmission/Drive Train Oils NOTICE Use of oils that are not recommended as first choice oils could result in reduced performance and shortened ene d life life to the transm transmiss ission ion,, diffe differen rentia tial, l, and final final drive. First Choice – use an oil that meets the following requirements: formulated from a full synthetic base stock without the viscosity index improvers, meets the performance requirements of the TO-4 specification, and requirements for the SAE 30 lubricant viscosity grade. Typical lubricant viscosity grades are listed below: SAE 0W-30, SAE 5W-30, and SAE 0W-20. Second Choice – use an oil with a TO-4 type additive package and use one of the following lubricant viscosity grades: SAE 0W-30, SAE 5W-30, and SAE 0W-20. These oils have not been tested against the TO-4 specifications. Third Choice – use API CF/TO-2 oils with an SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, or SAE 5W-30 lubricant viscosity viscosity grade. Note: For maximum service life, use an oil with the highest lubricant viscosity grade that is allowed for the ambient temperature. Refer to the tables for Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures in order to determine the recommended oil viscosity.

• Hydraulic Oils Any of the oils that have a minimum zinc additive of 0.09 percent (900 ppm) are acceptable. These oils are listed under the heading of Engine Oils or Transmission/Drive Train Oils.

• Final Drive and Axle Oil

First Choice – Caterpillar FDAO (Final Drive and Axle Oil) of the recommended viscosity grade Second Choice – commer commercia ciall oil of the recommended viscosity grade that meets the Caterpillar Caterpillar FD-1 specificatio specification n NOTICE FDAO or commercial oil meeting the Caterpillar FD-1 specificati specification on should should not be used in compa compartments rtments that contain friction material unlsess otherwise specified, because they do not develop sufficient friction coefficient to satisfy the requirements of most clutches and brakes.

• Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil is available for use in the following systems for the Challenger tractor: implement steering, hydraulic systems, and steering control mechanisms. Multipurpose Tractor Oil is also recommended for use in the rear drive axles of the Caterpillar Backhoe Loader. This oil has an ambient temperature range of − 25 C 25 C (−13 F 13 F ) to 40 C 40 C (104 F) for these applications. For ambient conditions that are below −25 C ( −13 F), check with your supplier. The Multipurpose Tractor Transmission fluids that are commercially available must meet the required ambient temperature capability for your area. These fluids must also meet the Ford/New Holland specification of “M2C134-D “ M2C134-D””.

NOTICE Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) is not the same as Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil, and does not meet Caterpillar’ Caterpillar’s specifications for TO-4 oil. Caterpillar MTO should not be used in compartments that specify TO-4 oil. NOTICE Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO) is not the same same as Caterp Caterpilla illarr Final Final Drive Drive and Axle Axle Oil, Oil, and does not meet Caterpillar Caterpillar’’s specification for FD-1 oil. Caterpillar MTO should not be used in compartments that specify FD-1 oil.

Warm-Up Procedures for Machines that are used in Cold Weather (Generic) Note: For recommendations that are specific to your machine, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine.


After the engine is warm, warm up the other system. Start with the hydraulic system. Run the engine at less than one-third throttle and slowly move the control lever in order to lift the attachment. Initially, lift the control lever for a few centimeters (inches). Lower the attachment slowly. Continue the following sequence: raising, lowering, extending, and retracting. Extend the travel during each cycle. Perform this operation for all hydraulic circuits. Alternate between all of the attachments. Exercise the transmission and the power train. If you cannot move the control for the transmission, perform the following steps:

• Engage the parking brake or apply the parking brake.

• Run the engine slightly above LOW IDLE.

i01753414

Contamination Control SMCS Code: 1280; 1348; 3080; 5095

Defining Contamination Contaminants are anything in the system that is not intended to be in the system. Contamination is the wear particles, water, fibers, dirt, dust, or products of combustion that are suspended in the oil or the fuel. The size of these particles is much smaller than the size of a human hair. A human hair is 80 microns in diameter. The newer machine systems operate at higher pressure. The newer machine systems are designed with closer tolerances. This emphasizes the importance of filter maintenance as well as clean fuels and clean lubricants.

• Shift the transmission several times from FIRST

Measuring Cleanliness

Release the brake. Move the equipment forward and backward for several meters (feet). Exercise the machine for several minutes.

Cleanliness can be measured by taking fluid samples. These samples are obtained from hydraulic components and from drive train components. These samples can then be analyzed by your Caterpillar dealer. The analysis is similar to monitoring the engine oil with S· S·O·S oil analysis. The amount of particulate matter is expressed in ISO (International (International Organization Organization for Standardiz Standardization) ation) units. This standard of cleanliness is expressed as two numbers. An example of a standard for cleanliness is ISO16/13. The first number (16) relates to the number of particles that are larger than 5 microns in size. The second number (13) relates to the number of particles that are larger than 15 microns in size. There are 28 code numbers in the ISO Code system. Each code has a given range of particles per milliliter. The smaller code number designates fewer particles.

GEAR FORWARD to FIRST REVERSE.

In order to reduce the total warm up time, start exercising the entire machine before you complete the hydraulic warm up time. Operate under a light load until the systems reach normal operating operating temperature temperatures. s. If the engine temperature is not high enough, enclose the engine and block the radiator. A thermostat that opens at a higher temperature will not increase the engine temperature if the engine is not under load. In order to prevent seal damage and gasket damage, keep the engine crankcase breather pipe clear of blockage. In extreme conditions, use a canvas over the engine compartment. Heat the engine area with a space heater. This will aid in starting the engine. Extending the canvas over the hydraulic components will provide initial warming of the components. Running the engine at low idle will not keep the hydraulic systems warm. Cold weather operations require more time for completion than other operations. The extra time that is spent in properly caring for the equipment can prolong the life of the equipment. Longer equipment life will decrease overall cost. This is especially true in extreme conditions.

Standards for Machine Systems Maintain the machine systems as close as possible to the standards for the new machines. Maintain the hydraulic systems to ISO 18/15. Maintain Maintain a transmission transmission system without without electro-hydraulic valves to ISO 21/17. Maintain Maintain a transmission transmission system system with electro-hydr electro-hydraulic aulic valves to ISO 18/15.

Note: Do not use the particle count for the evaluation of the engine’ engine’s oil. Large amounts of soot are produced within an engine. Evaluate the engine’ engine ’s oil by using S· S ·O·S Oil Analysis.


Recommendations or Practices Some guidelines to use for controlling contaminants are listed. By maintaining a low contaminant level, a machine’ machine’s maintenance cost can be controlled. The machine’ machine’s productive life may also be increased. Follow the general guidelines for controlling contaminants.

1. Use fuels that meet Caterpillar diesel fuel specifications. Filter all diesel fuel through a 6 micron filter when you refuel the machine. Make sure that you use High Efficiency Fuel Filters for all engines that have a high pressure fuel injection injection system. system. Note: High pressure fuel injectors (EUI) require 2 micron filtration. This filtration is available with High Efficiency Fuel Filters. 2. Use only coolants that are recommended by Caterpillar for your machine. Follow the recommended maintenance procedure for the cooling system in the Operation and Maintenance Manual for your machine. 3. When you add oil to a machine, filter the oil to a minimum of ISO 16/13. 4. Maintain the hydraulic systems to a cleanliness of ISO 18/15, or cleaner. The implement system and the steering system should be maintained to this standard. machine ’s Operation and 5. Refer to the machine’ Maintenance Maintenance Manual for the required maintenance for final drives and for differentials. engine’s intake air filters. This will 6. Maintain the engine’ minimize contamination at the engine’ engine’s air intake system. Maintain a transmission transmission system without 7. Maintain electro-hydraulic valves to ISO 21/17, or cleaner. Maintain a transmission system with electro-hydraulic valves to ISO 18/15, or cleaner. scheduled led S·O·S analysis for 8. Perform schedu contami contaminat nation ion in order order to mainta maintain in the recommended ISO cleanliness level. The particle count analysis can be performed by your Caterpillar dealer. Particle count can be conducted during the scheduled S· S ·O·S oil analysis for the compartment. Extra oil samples are not required for the particle count sampling.

i01771787

Lubricant Viscosities SMCS Code: 1000; 7000; 7581

Selecting the Viscosity Ambient temperature is the temperature of the air in the immediate vicinity of the machine. This may differ, due to machine application, from the generic ambient temperature for a geographical region. When selecting the proper oil viscosity for use, review both the regional ambient temperature and the potential ambient temperature for a given machine application. Use the higher temperature as the criterion for the oil viscosity selection. Use the highest oil viscosity that is allowed for the ambient temperature when you start the machine. In arctic applications the preferred method is to use properly sized machine compartment heaters and higher viscosity grade oil. The proper oil viscosity grade is determined by the minimum outside ambient temperature. This is the temperature when the machine is started and while the machine is operated. In order to determine the proper oil viscosity grade, refer to the “ the “Min Min”” column in the table. This information reflects the coldest ambient temperature condition for starting a cold machine and for operating a cold machine. Refer to the “Max” Max” column in the table in order to select the oil viscosity grade for operating the machine at the highest temperature that is anticipated. Unless specified otherwise in the “Lubricant Lubricant Viscositie Viscosities s for Ambient Temperatures” Temperatures” tables, use the highest oil viscosity that is allowed for the ambient temperature when you start the machine. Machines that are operated continuously should use oils that have the higher oil viscosity in the final drives and in the differentials. The oils that have the higher oil viscosity will maintain the highest possible oil film thickness. Consult your dealer if additional information is needed.

Note: SAE 0W and SAE 5W oils where allowed for use in non-hydraulic system compartments are not recommended for use in machines that are operated continuously and/or are heavily loaded. These viscosity grades are also not recommended for use in hydraulic hammers. The oils that have the higher oil viscosity will maintain the highest possible oil film thickness. Consult your dealer if additional information is needed.


Note: Oil viscosity grade selection is also machine compartment specific. Some machine models and/or machine compartments do not allow the use of all available viscosity grades. For guidance on selecting oil viscosity, refer to the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” Temperatures” tables and to the associated footnotes. NOTICE Proper Proper oil viscosity viscosity AND oil type/classi type/classificat fication ion are required to maximize machine compartment performance man ce and life. life. Do NOT only oil viscos viscosity ity,, or NOT use only only oil type to determine the machine compartment oil selection. Refer to the “Lubricant Lubricant Viscosities Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tab tables les and and to ALL ALL of the the associated footnotes. NOTICE The footnotes are an integral part of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” Temperatures” tables - read ALL footnotes! NOTICE In colder ambient conditions a machine warm-up procedure may be required. Machine specific warm-up procedures can typically be found in the Operation and Maintenance Manual for the machine. In addition, generic machine warm-up procedures can be found in this this pub publica licatio tion, n, "Cold "Cold We Weath ather er Machin Machine e Warm Up Procedures Procedures - generic" generic" topic (Maintenanc (Maintenance e Section). Some of the “ the “Lubricant Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” Temperatures” tables in this publication include footnotes that address compartment warm-up.

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures NOTICE Do NOT use only the “ the “Oil Oil Viscosities” Viscosities” column when determining the recommended oil for a machine compartment. The “ The “Oil Oil Type and Classificat Classification ion”” column MUST also be used. NOTICE The The footn ootno otes tes are are a key part art of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tables. tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question. Note: Only use the oil type and classification that is recommended for the various machine compartments. Note: Some machine compartments allow the use of more than one oil type. For the best results, do not mix oil types.

Note: Different brand oils may use different additive packages to meet the various machine compartment performance classification/specification recommendations. For the best results, do not mix oil brands. Note: After considering the information found in the associated footnotes, Caterpillar oils are the preferred oils. ALL other oil type and classification oils are acceptable oils.


Table 15

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures Comp Compart artme ment nt or Syst System em Final Drive (Differential Gearboxes) Including Oval Track-Type Tractors, D5M, D6M and 561M, Track Type Hydraulic Excavators, Motor Grader Tandem Drives Except for the following machines (not all inclusive): Off-Highway Trucks, Mini Hydraulic Excavators, Small Wheel Loaders, Medium Wheel Loaders, Large Wheel Loaders, Large Wheel Tractors, Articulated Trucks, Steel Tracked Track-Type Tractors with Elevated Final Drives (except the D5M and D6M), Wheel Tractor Scrapers Hoist (Ejector), Steering and Brake System for E Series II Articulated Trucks 700 Series Articulated Trucks Hoist, Torque Converter, and Brake System for Off-Highway Trucks Except for: (3) 793C Torque Converter(3) (3) 797 Torque Converter(3) Hoist, Torque Converter, and Brake System for AD45, AE40 Underground Articulated Trucks Hoist, Steering and Brake System for AD55 Underground Articulated Trucks Differential, Front Wheels and Final Drives for Off-Highway Trucks Differentials and Final Drives for E Series II Articulated Trucks 700 Series Articulated Trucks

Oil Oil Type ype and and Clas Classi sifi fica cati tion on

Oil Oil Visc Viscos osit itie ies s

C

F

Min

Max

Min

Max

SAE 0W-20

(1) (1)

−40

0

−40

32

SAE 0W-30

(1) (1)

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 5W-30

(1) (1)

−30

10

−22

50

SAE 10W

−30

0

−22

32

SAE 30

−25

25

−13

77

SAE 50

−15

50

5

122

−30

25

−22

77

SAE 0W-20 (1)(4)

−40

40

−40

104

(4) SAE 10W(4)

−20

50

−4

122

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 10W

−20

50

−4

122

SAE 30

−15

50

5

122

Caterpillar TDTO Caterpillar TDTO-TMS TDTO-TMS commercial TO-4

TDTO-TMS

Caterpillar TDTO commercial TO-4

SAE 0W-20

(2) (2)

(1) (1)


Caterpillar (6) commercial FD-1(6)

SAE 50

(7) (7)

(7) (7)

32

(7) (7)

90

SAE 60

(7) (7)

(7) (7)

50

(7) (7)

122

SAE 50

(8) (8)

−15

40

5

104

SAE 60

(8) (8)

−10

50

14

122

(5) FDAO(5)


(continued)


(Table 15, contd)

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures Comp Compart artme ment nt or Syst System em


Differentials and Final Drives for AD45, AD55, and AE40 Underground Articulated Trucks


Non-Driven Scraper Wheels


Direct Drive Transmissions ransmissions for Pavement Pavement Profilers, Differentials and Final Drives for Wheel Tractor- Scrapers, Auger and Elevator Speed Reducers, Wheel Type Excavators, Excavators, Mini Hydraulic Excavators, certain Backhoe Loaders, Pavement Pavement Profilers, Articulated Trucks (except for E Series II Articulated Trucks, 700 Series Articulated Trucks, and AD45, AE40, and AD55 Underground Articulated Trucks)


C

F

Min

Max

Min

Max

(9) SAE 50(9)

-10

32

14

90

(9) SAE 60(9)

-5

50

23

122

(8) SAE 50(8)

(8) (8)

32

(8) (8)

90

(8) SAE 60(8)

(8) (8)

50

(8) (8)

122

SAE 75W-90

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 80W-90

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 85W-140

−10

50

14

122

SAE 90

0

40

32

104

Caterpillar GO (Gear Oil) API GL-5 gear oil (10)

(1)

First Choice: Oils of full synthetic base stock without viscosity index improvers that meet the performance requirements of the TO-4 specification for the SAE 30 viscosity grade. Typical lubricant viscosity grades are SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, and SAE 5W-30. Second Choice: Oils that contain a TO-4 additive package and a lubricant viscosity grade of SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, or SAE 5W-30. (2) TDTO-TMS Transmission Transmission Multi-Season (exceeds the TO-4/TO-4M multigrade specification requirements). (3) The 793C and 797 Off-Highway Truck torque converters have a common sump with the transmission. By default, the 793C and 797 torque converters will use the same fluid recommendations as the transmission. (4) The maximum allowable oil viscosity at 100 C is 6.6 cSt (ASTM D445). (5) FDAO Final Drive and Axle Oil (exceeds the FD-1 specification requirements) (6) TDTO or commercial TO-4 oil may be used as second choice oil in place of the recommended FDAO or commercial FD-1 oil. (7) FDAO or commercial FD-1 SAE 60 is preferred in most applications, particularly continuous operation. If the ambient temperature is below −10 C 10 C (14 F), (14 F), warm up the oil prior to operation. The oil must be maintained to a temperature above − 10 C 10 C (14 F) (14 F) during operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 10 C 10 C (14 F), (14 F), perform the procedures in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “ Manual, “Differential Differential Warm-up and Break-in” Break-in” prior to operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 25 C (−13 F), 13 F), consult your Caterpillar dealer for instructions. Failure to warm up the oil prior to operation will cause damage to the machine. (8) TDTO or TO-4 SAE 50 is preferred in most applications, particularly continuous operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 15 C (5 F), (5 F), warm up the oil prior to operation. The oil must be maintained to a temperature above −15 C (5 F) (5 F) during operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 15 C 15 C (5 F), (5 F), perform the procedures in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “ Manual, “Differential Differential Warm-up and Break-in” Break-in ” prior to operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 25 C (−13 F), 13 F), consult your Caterpillar dealer for instructions. Failure to warm up the oil prior to operation will cause damage to the machine. (9) If the ambient temperature is below − 15 C (5 F), warm up the oil prior to operation. The oil must be maintained to a temperature above Maintenance −15 C (5 F) during operation. If the ambient temperature is below −15 C (5 F), perform the procedures in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “ Manual, “Differential Differential Warm-up and Break-in” Break-in ” prior to operation. If the ambient temperature is below − 25 C 25 C (−13 F), 13 F), consult your Caterpillar dealer for instructions. Failure to warm up the oil prior to operation will cause damage to the machine. (10) Certain Wheel Type Excavators require the addition of Caterpillar Limited Slip (LS) additive. Refer to the machine’ machine ’s Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Illustration 8

g00905955


NOTICE Do NOT use only the “ the “Oil Oil Viscosities” Viscosities” column when determining the recommended oil for a machine compartment. The “ The “Oil Oil Type and Classificat Classification ion”” column MUST also be used. NOTICE The The footn ootno otes tes are are a key part art of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tables. tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question. Note: Only use the oil type and classification that is recommended for the various machine compartments. Note: Some machine compartments allow the use of more than one oil type. For the best results, do not mix oil types. Note: Different brand oils may use different additive packages to meet the various machine compartment performance classification/specification recommendations. For the best results, do not mix oil brands. Note: After considering the information found in the associated footnotes, Caterpillar oils are the preferred oils. ALL other oil type and classification oils are acceptable oils.


Table 16

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures Compar Compartme tment nt or Sys System tem

Engine Crankcase for all Machines and Splitter Box (Pump Drive Gearbox) for TTL

Power Shift, Manual Transmissions, and Winch Gear Case (including Case (including Track-Type Tractors) Except for: Off-Highway Trucks Articulated Trucks

Oil Oil Type and Classi Classific ficati ation on

Caterpillar DEO Multigrade API CH-4 Multigrade Global DHD-1 Multigrade API CG-4 Multigrade (1) API CF-4 Multigrade(1)



Power Shift Transmission in 797 Off-Highway Truck


F Max

Min

Max

SAE 0W-20

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 0W-30

−40

30

−40

86

SAE 0W-40

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 5W-30

−30

30

−22

86

SAE 5W-40

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 10W-30

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 10W-40

−20

50

−4

122

SAE 15W-40

−15

50

5

122

SAE 0W-20 (2)

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 0W-30 (2)

−40

20

−40

68

SAE 5W-30 (2)

−30

20

−22

68

SAE 10W

−20

10

−4

50

0

35

32

95

(3) (4) (4)

10

50

50

122

TDTO-TMS (3) (5)

−10

43

14

110

SAE 0W-20 (2)

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 0W-30 (2)

−40

20

−40

68

SAE 5W-30 (2)

−30

20

−22

68

SAE 10W

−20

10

−4

50

SAE 30

0

50

32

122

−10

50

14

122

SAE 30

(6) (6)

50

(6) (6)

122

SAE 0W-20 (2)

−40

22

−40

72

SAE 0W-30 (2)

−40

30

−40

86

SAE 5W-30 (2)

−30

30

−22

86

SAE 10W

−20

22

−4

72

SAE 30

10

50

50

122

10

50

50

122

SAE 30 (3) (3)

TDTO-TMS


C Min

SAE 50

Power Power Shift Transmissions Transmissions in Off-Highway Trucks and Articulated Trucks Except for: 768C, 769C, 771C, 768D, 769D, 771D, and 797 Off-Highway Trucks and Except for 700 Series and D400EII Articulated Trucks

Power Shift Transmission in 700 Series and D400EII Articulated Trucks And the following Off-Highway Trucks: 768C, 769C, 771C, 768D, 769D, and 771D

Oil Visco Viscosit sities ies

TDTO-TMS

(5) (5)

(5) (5)

(continued)


(Table 16, contd)


Hydrostatic Transmission Except for: Challenger C35, C45, (7) and C55 (7) Pneumatic Compactors PS-150B, PS-200B, and (8) PS360B (8)


Caterpillar HYDO Caterpillar DEO Caterpillar MTO Caterpillar TDTO-TMS TDTO-TMS Caterpillar TDTO API CH-4 API CG-4 API CF-4 API CF Global DHD-1 commercial TO-4


Caterpillar HYDO Caterpillar DEO Caterpillar MTO Caterpillar TDTO Caterpillar TDTO-TMS TDTO-TMS Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) API CH-4 API CG-4 API CF-4 API CF Global DHD-1 commercial TO-4 commercial BF-1(11)(12)

Max

Min

Max

SAE 0W-20

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 0W-30

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 5W-30

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 5W-40

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 10W

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 10W-30

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 15W-40

−15

50

5

122

Caterpillar MTO

−25

40

−13

104

−20

50

−4

122

SAE 0W-20

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 0W-30

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 5W-30

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 5W-40

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 10W

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 30

10

50

50

122

SAE 10W-30

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 15W-40

−15

50

5

122

Caterpillar MTO

−25

40

−13

104

Cat Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) (11)(12)

−40

43

−40

110

(5) (5)

−20

50

−4

122

SAE 75W-90

−30

40

−22

104

SAE 80W-90

−20

40

−4

104

SAE 85W-140

−10

50

14

122

SAE 90

0

40

32

104

SAE 0W-20 (2)

−40

0

−40

32

SAE 0W-30 (2)

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 5W-20 (2)

−35

0

−31

32

SAE 10W

−30

0

−22

32

SAE 30

−20

25

−4

77

SAE 40

−10

40

14

104

SAE 50

0

50

32

122

−25

25

−13

77

TDTO-TMS Equalizer Bar End, Pin Joint, Bogie Cartridge Pins, Track Pins, and Motor Grader Circle Circle Drives

Track Roller Frame Recoil Spring and Pivot Shaft Bearings

Caterpillar GO (Gear Oil) API GL-5 gear oil


F

Min

TDTO-TMS Hydraulic Systems, Hydraulic Excavator Swing Motor and Travel Motor Systems, Hydraulic Hammers, (9) Off-Highway Off-Highway Truck Truck Steering Systems(10) Except for the following machines: E Series II Articulated Trucks, 700 Series Articulated Articulated Trucks, Challenger Tractors, Pneumatic Compactors PS-150B, PS-200B, and (8) PS360B (8)

C

TDTO-TMS

(5) (5)

(5) (5)

(continued)


(Table 16, contd)




Track Idlers and Track Rollers, Wheel Tractor-Scrapers ractor-Scrapers Auger Lower Lower Bearings Bearings and Elevator Lower Rollers

Caterpillar DEO API CH-4 API CG-4 API CF Global DHD-1

C

F

Min

Max

Min

Max

SAE 30

−20

25

−4

77

SAE 40

−10

40

14

104

SAE 5W-40

−35

40

−31

104

(1)

Do not use API CF-4 oil in 3500 Series Diesel Engines. API Engines. API CF-4 oil is a fourth choice oil for other machine diesel engines. S-O-S Oil Analysis is recommended when using API CF-4 oil for drain intervals above 125 hours. (2) First Choice: Oils of full synthetic base stock without viscosity index improvers that meet the performance requirements of the TO-4 specification for the SAE 30 viscosity grade. Typical viscosity grades are SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, and SAE 5W-30. Second Choice: Oils with a TO-4 type additive package and a lubricant viscosity grade of SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, or of SAE 5W-30. (3) Except for the hydraulic drive winch gear case. Use SAE 30 viscosity grade for 0 C (32 F) (32 F) to 43 C 43 C (110 F) (110 F) or TMS for − 10 C (14 F) (14 F) to 50 C 50 C (122 F). (4) Do not use SAE 50 viscosity grade oil in ICM controlled transmissions. Do not use SAE 50 viscosity grade oil for the hydraulic drive winch case. (5) TDTO-TMS Transmission Transmission Multi-Season (exceeds the TO-4/TO-4M multigrade specification requirements). (6) SAE 30 viscosity grade TDTO or commercial TO-4 oil is required for all ambient temperatures in the Transmission/Torque Converter compartment of the 797 Off-Highway Truck. The 797 Transmission will not shift beyond first gear until the oil warms to greater than 40 C (104 F). (7) Challenger Tractor hydraulic systems share a common sump with the farm implements that they hook up to. If these implements are never shared with non-Challenger farm tractors, then oil from the “Hydraulic “Hydraulic Systems” Systems ”, or the “ the “Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Transmission” Transmission ” sections may be used in place of Caterpillar MTO (Multipurpose Tractor Oil) or commercial oil that meets the "Ford/New Holland M2C134-D" specification. (8) Pneumatic Compactors PS-150B, PS-200B, and PS-360B hydrostatic drive/hydraulic systems require TDTO-TMS (Transmission Multi-Season) or commercial oil that meets the TO-4/TO-4M specification requirements. (9) In cases where hammer utilization is above 10%, higher viscosity oil is recommended. Caterpillar TDTO-TMS or SAE 15W-40 viscosity grade diesel engine oil is recommended for high severity applications and/or for high ambient temperature operation. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for the Hammer for further information. SAE 0W- and SAE 5W- viscosity grade oil is not acceptable for use in Hydraulic Hammers. (10) Off-Highway Truck (OHT) Steering Systems only, do not use this table section for other OHT compartments. (11) Commercial Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) must meet the Caterpillar BF-1 specification. The listed ambient temperature range is for the current Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES), not for commercial BF-1 oil. (12) Refer to the machine Operation and Maintenance Manual or contact your local Caterpillar dealer before using Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) or commercial BF-1 oil in Caterpillar Hydraulic Excavators.

Illustration 9

NOTICE Do NOT use only the “ the “Oil Oil Viscosities” Viscosities” column when determining the recommended oil for a machine compartment. The “ The “Oil Oil Type and Classificat Classification ion”” column MUST also be used. NOTICE The The footn ootno otes tes are are a key part art of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tables. tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question. Note: Only use the oil type and classification that is recommended for the various machine compartments.

g00905955

Note: Some machine compartments allow the use of more than one oil type. For the best results, do not mix oil types. Note: Different brand oils may use different additive packages to meet the various machine compartment performance classification/specification recommendations. For the best results, do not mix oil brands. Note: After considering the information found in the associated footnotes, Caterpillar oils are the preferred oils. ALL other oil type and classification oils are acceptable oils.


Table 17

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures NOTICE: Caterpillar FDAO (SAE 60) oil is recommended for maximum component life for the final drive assemblies. Compartment or System

Final Drives for: Large Track-Type Tractors, Pipelayers, and Track Skidders (Steel Tracked Machines Machines with Elevated Final Drives except the D5M, D6M and 561M)

(1)

(2) (3)

Application

Oil Type and Classification

Moderate or Intermittent Usage

Caterpillar FDAO(1)(2) (1) commercial FD-1(1) Caterpillar TDTO Caterpillar TDTO-TMS commercial commercial TO-4

Severe Severe or Continuous Usage (Multiple Shifts/ Day)

Caterpillar FDAO(1)(2) (1) commercial FD-1(1) Caterpillar TDTO Caterpillar TDTO-TMS commercial commercial TO-4

Oil Viscosities

C Min

F

Max

Min

Max

19

1 22

SAE 60

−7 50 50

SAE 50

−15

32

5

90

SAE 30

−25

15

−13

59

TDTO-TMS

−35

15

−31

59

SAE 60

−25

50

−13

122

SAE 50

−33

14

−27

58

SAE 30

−40

0

−40

TDTO-TMS

−40

0

−40

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

32 32

Caterpillar FDAO or commercial FD-1 are the preferred oil types to maximize gear and bearing life. Do not use FDAO or FD-1 in compartments containing clutches and brakes. TDTO, TDTO-TMS, or commercial TO-4 oil types must be used in any compartment containing friction material. FDAO Final Drive and Axle Oil (exceeds the FD-1 specification requirements) WARM-UP Required - Exercise the final drives for several minutes with the engine at partial throttle in order to warm up the oil prior to production operation.

Illustration 10

NOTICE Do NOT use only the “ the “Oil Oil Viscosities” Viscosities” column when determining the recommended oil for a machine compartment. The “ The “Oil Oil Type and Classificat Classification ion”” column MUST also be used. NOTICE The The footn ootno otes tes are are a key part art of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tables. tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question. Note: Only use the oil type and classification that is recommended for the various machine compartments. Note: Some machine compartments allow the use of more than one oil type. For the best results, do not mix oil types.

g00905955

Note: Different brand oils may use different additive packages to meet the various machine compartment performance classification/specification recommendations. For the best results, do not mix oil brands. Note: After considering the information found in the associated footnotes, Caterpillar oils are the preferred oils. ALL other oil type and classification oils are acceptable oils.


Table 18



Drive Axles for: Small (910-928) and Medium (938-980) Wheel Loaders and Dozers (814,824), IT12-IT62 Machines, Medium Compactors (815-825), and Wheel Log Skidders (515-545)

Drive Axles for: Large Wheel Loaders (988-992) and Dozers (834-854), and Large Compactors (836)

Oil Oil Visc Viscos osit itie ies s (1) SAE 0W-20(1)



(1)

(2) (3) (4)


Max

Min

Max

−40

0

−40

32

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 5W-30

(1) (1)

−35

10

−31

50

SAE 10W

−25

15

−13

59

SAE 30

−20

43

−4

110

10

50

50

1 22

(2) (2)

TDTO-TMS

(3) (3)

−30

43

−22

110

SAE 0W-20

(1) (1)

−40

−10

−40

14

SAE 0W-30

(1) (1)

−40

0

−40

32

SAE 5W-30

(1) (1)

−35

0

−31

32

SAE 10W

−25

0

−13

32

SAE 30

−20

20

−4

68

SAE 50

−10

50

14

1 22

−25

22

−13

72

SAE 10W

−25

0

−13

32

SAE 30

−20

20

−4

68

SAE 50

−10

43

14

1 10

SAE 60

−5

50

23

122

−25

22

−13

72

SAE 30

−20

20

−4

68

SAE 50

−10

43

14

1 10

SAE 60

−5

50

23

122

−25

22

−13

72

TDTO-TMS Drive Axles for: Load Haul Dumps (4), R1300, R1600, (R2900(4) R1700G)

Min

(1) (1)

TDTO-TMS

Drive Axles for: 994 Wheel Loade Loaderr

F

SAE 0W-30

SAE 50


C

TDTO-TMS

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

(3) (3)

First Choice: Oils of full synthetic base stock without viscosity index improvers that meet the performance requirements of the TO-4 specification for the SAE 30 viscosity grade. Typical lubricant viscosity grades are SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, and SAE 5W-30. Second Choice: Oils that contain a TO-4 additive package and a lubricant viscosity grade of SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, or SAE 5W-30. Cannot be used in wheel loaders or tractors with axle oil cooling except for 966G and 972G. TDTO-TMS Transmission Transmission Multi-Season (exceeds the TO-4/TO-4M multigrade specification requirements). Uses SAE 50 if equipped with axle oil cooling.

Special Applications NOTICE Do NOT use only the “ the “Oil Oil Viscosities” Viscosities” column when determining the recommended oil for a machine compartment. The “ The “Oil Oil Type and Classificat Classification ion”” column MUST also be used.

NOTICE The The foot ootnote notes s are are a key part part of the “Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures” emperatures” tables. tables. Read ALL footnotes that pertain to the machine compartment in question. Note: Only use the oil type and classification that is recommended for the various machine compartments.


Note: Some machine compartments allow the use of more than one oil type. For the best results, do not mix oil types. Note: Different brand oils may use different additive packages to meet the various machine compartment performance classification/specification recommendations. For the best results, do not mix oil brands. Note: After considering the information found in the associated footnotes, Caterpillar oils are the preferred oils. ALL other oil type and classification oils are acceptable oils.


Table 19



Rear Axle of the Backhoe (1) Loader (1) Implement Steering, Hydraulic Systems, and Steering Control Mechanisms for Challenger Tractors

Vibratory Compactor Drum Bearings

Starting Engine

Starting Engine Transmission

Variable Pitch Fan

(1) (2) (3)

(4)

(5) (6)


C

F

Min

Max

Min

Max

Caterpillar MTO(2)

−25

40

−13

104

Caterpillar MTO(3)

−25

40

−13

104

SAE 75W-140

−30

45

−22

113

SAE 80W-140

−25

40

−13

104

SAE 85W-140

−5

50

23

122

SAE 80W-90

−20

20

−4

68

4C-6767 Synthetic Oil (4)

−20

50

−4

122

SAE 0W-20

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 0W-30

−40

40

−40

104

SAE 5W-20

−30

10

−22

50

SAE 10W

−20

30

−4

86

SAE 0W-20

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 0W-30

−40

10

−40

50

SAE 5W-20

−30

10

−22

50

SAE 10W

−30

20

−22

68

SAE 30

−10

25

14

77

Caterpillar GO (Gear Oil) API GL-5 gear oil

API SH API SJ API SL

Caterpillar HYDO Caterpillar DEO Caterpillar TDTO Caterpillar MTO API CH-4 API CG-4 API CF-4 API CF Global DHD-1 commercial TO-4 Caterpillar Full Synthetic Multigrade DEO, commercial Full Synthetic Multigrade Diesel Engine Oil meeting either API CH-4, API CG-4, API CF-4

SAE 0W-40

(5) (5)

−40

50

−40

122

SAE 5W-40

(5) (5)

−40

50

−40

122


SAE 30

(6) (6)

−15

25

5

77

SAE 50

(6) (6)

−10

50

14

1 22

Except All Wheel Steer (AWS). See the OMM for AWS requirements. Use Caterpillar MTO (Multipurpose Tractor Oil) or commercial oil that meets the "Ford/New Holland M2C134-D" specification. Challenger Tractor hydraulic systems share a common sump with the farm implements that they hook up to. If these implements are never shared with non-Challenger farm tractors, then oil from the “Hydraulic “Hydraulic Systems” Systems ”, or the “ the “Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Transmission” Transmission ” sections may be used in place of Caterpillar MTO (Multipurpose Tractor Oil) or commercial oil that meets the "Ford/New Holland M2C134-D" specification. 4C-6767 Synthetic Oil is a premium PAO (Polyalpaolefin) synthetic gear and a bearing lubricant with no viscosity improvers. This lubricant has an ISO Viscosity Grade of 220, and a minimum viscosity index of 150. All Asphalt Compactors require synthetic gear and bearing lubricant. All 500 Series Soil Compactors with the new pod style drum, and any earlier 500 Series without oil pockets in the old style drum, also require synthetic gear oil. First Choice Oil: Full synthetic oils are recommended. Synthetic oils may provide longer service life for the fan. Synthetic oils allow for increased service intervals over non-synthetic oils. Second Choice Oil: Caterpillar TDTO or commercial oils that meet the Caterpillar TO-4 specification. Caterpillar TDTO is non-synthetic. Commercial TO-4 oils are typically non-synthetic.


i01624856

S·O·S Oil Analysis SMCS Code: 1000; 1300; 1348; 7000; 7542 Caterpillar Caterpillar has developed developed a maintenance maintenance management tool that evaluates oil degradation and detects the early signs of wear on internal components. The Caterpillar tool for oil analysis is called S· S·O·S Oil Analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S Services program. S· S·O·S Oil Analysis divides oil analysis into four categories:

Note: Cooling system problems will also reduce the life of engines, transmissions, and hydraulic systems. S· S·O·S Coolant Analysis together with S·O·S Oil Analysis provide a complete and accurate method for monitoring the health of all machine systems. Refer to the S· S·O·S Coolant Analysis information in this publication. A properly administere administered d S·O·S Services program will reduce repair costs and lessen the impact of downtime. Table 20

S·O·S Oil Analysis Guidelines Test Parameter

• Wear Analysis

Guideline

Oxidation

(1) (1)

• Oil condition

Soot

(1) (1)

• Oil cleanliness analysis

Sulfation

(1) (1)

Wear Metals

Trend Analysis and Cat (1) norms Wear Table(1)

Water

0.5% maximum

Glycol

0%

Fuel Dilution

4% maximum

Viscosity - engines by “ASTM D445” D445” measured at 100 C (212 F)

+/-3 centistoke (cSt) change from new oil viscosity.

Viscosity Viscosity - hydraulic hydraulics s& power train by “ by “ASTM ASTM D445” D445” measured at 100 C (212 F)

+/-2 cSt change from new oil viscosity

Total Base Number (TBN) by “ by “ASTM ASTM D2896” D2896”

50% of new oil TBN

Total Acid Number (TAN) by “ by “ASTM ASTM D664” D664”

2.0 greater than new oil TAN or 3.0 maximum

Hydraulic System Cleanliness

(2) ISO 18/15 maximum(2)

Transmission System Cleanliness without electro-hydraulic valves

(2) ISO 21/17 maximum(2)

Transmission System Cleanliness with electro-hydraulic valves

ISO 18/15 Maximum (2)

• Additional tests The wear analysis monitors metal particles, some oil additives, and some contaminants. Oil condition uses infrared (IR) analysis to evaluate the chemistry of the oil. Infrared analysis is also used to detect certain types of contamination. Oil cleanliness analysis determines if abrasive contaminants are causing wear in compartments that are not engines. Particle count analysis is used to measure cleanliness in hydraulic systems, transmission transmission systems, and gear compartments. Additional tests are used to measure contamination levels from water, fuel, or coolant. Oil viscosity and corrosion protection can be evaluated, as needed. These four types of analysis are used to monitor the condition of your equipment and potential problems can be detected. A properly administered S· S ·O·S Oil Analysis program will reduce repair costs and the program will lessen the impact of downtime. The S· S·O·S Oil Analysis program uses a wide range of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the condition of the lubricated compartment. Guidelines that are based on experience and a correlation to failures have been established for these tests. See the following chart for the guidelines. Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could indicate serious fluid degradation or a pending component failure. A trained person at your Caterpillar dealership should make the final analysis.

(1) (2)

Acceptable values for these parameters are proprietary to the S·O·S Oil Analysis program. Refer to the , “ , “Contamination Contamination Control” Control” section in this document.

Consult your Caterpillar dealer for complete information and assistance about the S· S ·O·S Oil Analysis program.

Obtaining S· S·O·S Oil Samples Before you obtain an S· S ·O·S oil sample, operate the machine until the oil is warm and the oil is well circulated. Then obtain the S· S·O·S oil sample.


In order to obtain a good oil sample, do not take the oil sample from the drain stream. The drain stream method can allow a stream of dirty oil from the bottom of the compartment to contaminate the sample. Likewise, never dip an oil sample from an oil container or pour a sample from a used filter.

NOTICE Do not use the same vacuum sampling pump for extracting oil samples that is used for extracting coolant samples. A small residue of either type sample may remain in the pump and may cause a false positive analysis for the sample being taken. Always use a designated pump for oil sampling and a designated pump for coolant sampling. Failure to do so may cause a false analysis which could lead to customer and dealer concerns. There are two ways to obtain S· S ·O·S oil samples. The following methods are listed in the order that is preferred:

• Use an in-line sampling valve for pressurized oil systems.

• Use a sampling gun that is inserted into the sump. Use of the in-line sampling valve is the preferred method. This method provides samples that are less likely to be contaminated. Whenever you obtain the samples, obtain the samples from the same point. This makes the samples more representative of the oil that is in the system. In order to obtain an oil sample from the engine compartment, it may be necessary to increase the engine’ engine’s speed. Normally, the oil sample is taken at low idle. If the flow rate is too low, increase engine speed to high idle in order to obtain the oil sample. In-line sampling valves cannot be used on nonpressurized oil systems such as differentials and final drives. Use of the sampling gun is the preferred preferred method for nonpressuri nonpressurized zed oil systems. systems. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Maintenance Interval Interval Schedule Schedule”” for the proper interval.

i01687599

Sampling Sampling Interval Interval and Location Location of Sampling Valve SMCS Code: 1000; 7000; 7542 Take the oil samples as close as possible to the standard intervals. In order to receive the full value from S· S·O·S oil analysis, you must establish a consistent trend of data. In order to establish a pertinent history of data, perform consistent oil samplings that are evenly spaced.


Table 21

(1)

(2)

Comp Compart artme ment nt

Reco Recomm mmen ende ded d Samp Sampli ling ng Interval

Sampling Valve

Oil Type

Recommended Oil Change Interval

Engine

(1) 250 Hours(1)

Yes

DEO

(2) (2)

Transmission

500 Hours

Yes

TDTO

(2) (2)

Hydraulics

500 Hours

Yes

HYDO

(2) (2)

Differential and Final Drive

500 Hours

No

TDTO FDAO

(2) (2)

For best results, engine oil samples should be taken at 250 hour intervals. A 250 hour sampling interval can provide a timely indication of oil contamination and oil degradation. Under certain conditions, the Caterpillar dealer or the Operation and Maintenance Manual may allow a longer interval between oil samplings. Consult the Operation and Maintenance Manual that came with your machine for the recommended oil change intervals for each compartment.

Consult your Caterpillar dealer for complete information and assistance in establishing an S· S ·O·S program for your equipment.

More Frequent S· S·O·S Sampling Improves Life Cycle Management Traditionally raditionally,, the suggested suggested S·O·S sampling intervals have been at each oil change, 250 hours for engines, or every 500 hours for all other compartments. However in severe applications, more frequent oil sampling is recommended. If the machine is operated under a high load and/or high temperature condition, sample all compartments at every 250 hours of operation.

Application Studies have revealed that obtaining oil samples at every 500 hours is too long a time interval in some applications in order to predict potential failure modes. A sampling interval at every 250 hours provides more data between oil change intervals. More data increases the chance for detecting a potential failure.

Determining Optimum Oil Change Intervals Sampling the compartments at every 250 hours provides information for oil condition and for oil performance. This information is used to determine the optimum usable life of a particular oil. Also, more points of data will allow closer monitoring of component wear rates. Close monitoring also allows you to obtain the maximum use of the oil. For detailed information on extending oil change intervals, intervals, please please contact contact your Caterpillar Caterpillar dealer dealer.

Optimizing the Component Life Cycle An increase in the number of oil samples provides a better definition of the trends in data between oil change intervals. More oil samples will allow you to closely monitor wear patterns of components. This action will ensure that the full life of the components are achieved.

60 Reference Information Section Reference Materials

Reference Information Section

Special Special Publication, Publication, NEHP6015, NEHP6015, “Product Data Sheet for Special Purpose Grease (SPG) Bearing Lubricant” Lubricant” Special Special Publication, Publication, NEHP6011, NEHP6011, “Product Data Sheet for Arctic Platinum (AP) Grease” Grease”

Reference Materials i01758305

Caterpillar Reference Material SMCS Code: 1000; 7000 Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP9536, PEHP9536, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oils (DEO)” (DEO)” CH-4 diesel engine oils (International markets) Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP7062, PEHP7062, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Full Synthetic Diesel Engine Oil (DEO)” (DEO)” CH-4 diesel engine oils (North American Markets) Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP6047, PEHP6047, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES)” (HEES)” (not available in all markets) Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP7508, PEHP7508, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Gear Oil (GO)” (GO)” Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP3050, PEHP3050, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Oil (MTO)” (MTO)” Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP7506, PEHP7506, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Transmission / Drive Train Oil (TDTO)” (TDTO)” Exceeds the Caterpillar TO-4 specification requirements.

Special Special Publication, Publication, NEHP6012, NEHP6012, “Product Data Sheet for Desert Gold (DG) Grease” Grease ” Special Publication, PECP9061, “ PECP9061, “One One Safe Source” Source” (English language for use in NACD) Special Publication, PECP9068, “ PECP9068, “One One Safe Source” Source” (English language for use in EAME) Special Publication, PECP9067, “One Safe Source” Source”(World English language for use in non NACD and non EAME) Special Publication, SEBD0640, “Oil and Your Engine” Engine” Operation and Maintenance Manual, SEBU5898, “Cold Weather Recommendations” Recommendations” Special Publication, PEHP7076, “Understanding the S-O-S Oil Analysis Tests” Tests” Special Publication, PEHP6001, “How to Take a Good Oil Sample” Sample” Special Publication, NEHP6013, “S-O-S Fluid Analysis Products” Products” Special Publication, PEDP7035, “Optimizing Oil Change Intervals” Intervals” (diesel engines)

Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP8035, PEHP8035, “Product Data Sheet for TDTO Transmission Multi-Season (TMS)” (TMS) ” Exceeds the Caterpillar TO-4/TO-4M specification requirements.

Special Publication, PEDP7036, “S-O-S Services Services””

Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP9530, PEHP9530, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil (FDAO)” (FDAO)” Exceeds the Caterpillar FD-1 specification requirements.

Special Publication, PEHP7057, “S·O·S Coolant Analysis” Analysis”

Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP9570, PEHP9570, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil Synthetic (FDAO Syn)” Syn)” Exceeds the Caterpillar FD-1 specification requirements. Special Publication, NEHP5621, “ NEHP5621, “How How To Select The Right Grease For Any Job” Job”. This publication lists the typical characteristics for eleven of Caterpillar’ Caterpillar ’s greases. Special Special Publication, Publication, NEDG6022, NEDG6022, “Product Data Sheet for Multipurpose Lithium Complex Grease with Molybdenum (MPGM)” (MPGM)”

Special Publication, PEDP7052, “Making the Most of Your S-O-S Program” Program”

Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP4036, PEHP4036, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar ELC” ELC” (For North and South America) Special Special Publication, Publication, PEHP9557, PEHP9557, “Product Data Sheet for Caterpillar ELC” ELC” (For Europe, Africa, and Middle Eastern Countries) Special Publication, REHS1063, “ REHS1063, “Special Special Instruction - Know Your Track-Type Tractor Cooling System” System ” Special Publication, PEEP5027, “Label - ELC Radiator Label” Label”

61 Reference Information Section Reference Materials

Special Special Publication, Publication, PELE0761, PELE0761, “Hydraulic Fluid Recommendations” Recommendations” (service fill) Special Publication, AECQ1042, “ AECQ1042, “Caterpillar Caterpillar Product Line Brochure” Brochure” i01771358

Additional Reference Material SMCS Code: 1000; 7000 Engine Manufacturers Association, “ Engine Fluids Data Book” Book” Engine Manufacturers Association Two North LaSalle Street, Suite 2200 Chicago, Illinois, USA 60602 E-mail: [email protected] (312) 827-8700 Facsimile: (312) 827-8737

62 Index Section

Index A

E

Additional Reference Material ............................... 61 Aftermarket Oil Additives ......... ................... .................... .................... .......... 36

Engine Oil ......... .................... ..................... .................... .................... .................... ............ .. 28 Applications................. Applications............................ ..................... .................... .................. ........ 28 Caterpillar Diesel Engine Oil (DEO)................... 28 Commercial Oils................... Oils............................. .................... .................... .......... 29

C Cat Extended Life Coolant Coolant (ELC) .......... .................... .................. ........ 8 Commercial ELC .......... .................... .................... ..................... .................... ......... 9 ELC Cooling System Maintenance Maintenance .......... .................... ............ .. 9 Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Cooling System Maintenance .......... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 11 Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Cooling System Cleaning .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ......... 11 Proper additions to the Extended Life Coolant .. 11 Cat Supplemental Coolant Coolant Additive (SCA) (SCA) ......... ............ ... 12 Cleaning the Heavy-Duty Cooling System......... 13 Caterpillar Reference Material............................... 60 Characteristics of Diesel Fuel ......... ................... .................... ............. ... 22 Cetane Number.................. Number............................ ..................... ..................... ............ 22 Cloud Point .......... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 23 Gums and Resins .......... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 26 Lubricity and Low Sulfur Fuel............................. 22 Moisture Content................ Content.......................... .................... .................... ............ .. 25 Pour Point ........... ..................... .................... .................... .................... ................. ....... 24 Specific Gravity / API Gravity............................. 26 Viscosity.......................... Viscosity.................................... ..................... ..................... .............. .... 22 Cold Weather Lubricants....................................... 41 Warm-Up Procedures for Machines that are used in Cold Weather (Generic) ............................... 43 Contamination Control.......... Control .................... .................... .................... ............. ... 44 Defining Contamination.............. Contamination........................ .................... .............. .... 44 Measuring Cleanliness .......... .................... .................... .................. ........ 44 Standards for Machine Machine Systems ......... ................... ............... ..... 44 Conventional Coolant/Antifreeze Cooling System Maintenance .......... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 13 Coolant Recommendations .......... .................... .................... ................. ....... 8 Cooling System Specifications ......... ................... ..................... ............. .. 6 D Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant (DEAC) ............ 11 Commercial Heavy-Duty Coolant/Antifreezes and SCA........................ SCA................................... ..................... .................... .................... ............ 12 Cooling System Maintenance Maintenance .......... .................... .................. ........ 12 Diesel Fuel Recommendations.............................. 17 Biodiesel ......... .................... ..................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 19 Dry Brake Shoe Applications................................. 41 Dry Film Lubricant Lubri cant .......... ..................... ..................... .................... .................. ........ 41

F Foreword......... Foreword................... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... ................ ...... 5 Literature Information ....................... ................................. .................... .......... 4 Maintenance ......... ................... .................... .................... ..................... ................. ...... 4 Safety.......................... Safety.................................... ..................... ..................... .................... .......... 4 Fuel Information for Diesel Engines ...................... 15 Starting Aids ............................ ...................................... .................... ................ ...... 16 Fuel Information for Gasoline Engines .......... .................. ........ 15 Fuel Information for LP Gas Engines .................... 15 Fuel Specifications .......................... .................................... .................... ............ .. 15 G Gear Oil ......... ................... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... ............... ..... 34 Applications................. Applications............................ ..................... .................... .................. ........ 34 Caterpillar Gear Oil (GO) ......... ................... .................... ................ ...... 35 Commercial Gear Oils.................. Oils............................. ..................... ............ 35 General Coolant Information ................................... 6 Additives ........... ..................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ 7 Glycol ......... ................... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... ................. ....... 7 Water Water ......... ................... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... ................. ....... 6 General Fuel Information....................................... 15 H Hydraulic Oil .......... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... ................. ....... 32 Applications................. Applications............................ ..................... .................... .................. ........ 32 Caterpillar Biodegradable Hydraulic Oil (HEES) .......... .................... .................... .................... ..................... ..................... .......... 32 Caterpillar Hydraulic Oil (HYDO) (HYDO) ......... ................... .............. .... 32 Commercial Oils................... Oils............................. .................... .................... .......... 32 I Important Safety Information ....... ................. .................... .................. ........ 2 L Lubricant Information................... Information............................. ..................... ................ ..... 27 API Oils ......... .................... ..................... .................... .................... .................... ............ .. 27 General Information .......... .................... .................... ..................... ............. .. 27 Global DHD-1.............. DHD-1........................ .................... .................... ................... ......... 27 Lubricant Specifications ......................... ................................... ............... ..... 27

63 Index Section

Lubricant Viscosities........................ Viscosities.................................. .................... ............ .. 45 Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures ......... ................... ..................... ..................... .................... ............ 46 Selecting the Viscosity ......... ................... .................... .................... .......... 45 Special Applications....................... Applications.................................. .................... ......... 54 Lubricating Grease ....................... ................................. .................... ............... ..... 37 Arctic Platinum (AP)........................................... 38 Cat Auto-Lube Grease ......... ................... .................... .................... .......... 37 Caterpillar Desert Gold (DG) (DG) .......... .................... ................... ......... 38 Grease Application Chart................................... 39 Multipurpose Grease (MPG).............................. 37 Special Purpose Grease (SPG)......................... 39 Water and Temperature Resistant Grease (WTR).................. (WTR)............................ ..................... ..................... .................... .............. .... 38 M Maintenance Section ........ .................. .................... .................... ................... ......... 6 Multipurpose Tractor Oil .......... ..................... ..................... ................... ......... 35 Applications................. Applications............................ ..................... .................... .................. ........ 35 Caterpillar Multipurpose Tractor Tractor Oil (MTO) (MTO) ........ 35 Commercial Multipurpose Tractor Oils............... 35 R Re-refined Base Stock Oils ................................... 36 Reference Information Information Section ......... ................... ..................... ........... 60 Reference Materials .......... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 60 S S·O·S Coolant Analysis .......... .................... .................... .................... ............ 14 New Systems, Refilled Systems, and Converted Systems .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ......... 14 Recommended Interval for S· S·O·S Coolant Sample .......... ..................... ..................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 14 S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 1)....................... 14 S·O·S Coolant Analysis (Level 2)....................... 14 S·O·S Oil Analysis .......... ..................... ..................... .................... .................. ........ 57 Obtaining S· S·O·S Oil Samples........................... Samples............................. .. 57 Sampling Interval and Location of Sampling Valve ....................... .................................. ..................... .................... .................... .............. .... 58 More Frequent S· S·O·S Sampling Improves Life Cycle Management ......... ................... ..................... ..................... ............ .. 59 Specialty Lubricants .......... .................... ..................... ..................... ............... ..... 41 Synthetic Base Stock Oils ..................................... 36 T Table of Contents.................. Contents............................ .................... ..................... ............... .... 3 Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines..................... 30 Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels for Precombustion Precombustion Chamber (PC) Diesel Engines.... 31

Transmission/Drive Train Train Oil .......... .................... .................... .............. .... 33 Applications................. Applications............................ ..................... .................... ............ .. 33 –34 Caterpillar Final Drive and Axle Oil (FDAO)....... 34 Caterpillar Transmission/Drive Train Oil (TDTO) (TDTO) ....................... .................................. ..................... .................... ................. ....... 33 Commercial Final Drive and Axle Oil ......... ................. ........ 34 Commercial Transmission/Drive Transmission/Drive Train Train Oils......... 34 Final Drive and Axle Oil ..................................... 34

64 Index Section

Product and Dealer Information Product Identification Identification Information Information”” in the Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section “Product Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Delivery Date:

Product Information Model: Product Identification Number: Engine Serial Number: Transmission Serial Number: Generator Generator Serial Number: Attachment Attachment Serial Numbers: Numbers: Attachment Information: Customer Equipment Number: Dealer Equipment Number: Number:

Dealer Information Name:

Branch:

Address:

Dealer Contact Sales: Parts: Service:

Phone Number

Hours

©2002 Caterpillar All Rights Reserved

Printed in U.S.A.

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