Manotok Realty vs. CLT Realty

Manotok Realty, Inc. vs. CLT Realty Development Corp. (2009) G.R. No. 2!!"# $ 2009%0!%! Facts:

G.R. No. !"!&' (Dmson vs. raneta)  In 9*9, +ose Dmson le- t/ t/e RTC o Ral, Caloocan Cty a complant or recovery o possesson an- -ama1es a1anst raneta Insttte o 1rcltre, Inc. (raneta). Dmson alle1e- t/at /e as t/e a3solte oner o a '0%/ectare lan- covere- 3y TCT No. R% '#9 4Lot 2'%%25. In Novem3er 9*9, Dmson sol- t/e property to 6r1lo 7nr8e. nortnately, t/ey -scovere- t/at t/e property s 3en1 occpe- 3y raneta /o 3lt t/ereon an :a1rcltral sc/ool /ose: .  raneta mantane- t/at t /a- 3een n possesson possesson o t/e s3;ect lan- snce snce 9*". Drn1 tral, raneta presente- certcatons rom t/e Lan- Re1straton Commsson attestn1 t/at TCTs Nos. !'*" an- 2#'!&, covern1 t/e -spte- property, are n t/e names o raneta an- +ose Rato, respectvely. raneta also oere- TCT No. **&" to prove t/at t s t/e re1stere- oner o t/e lan- -escr3e- t/eren. T/e tral cort p/el- t/e ttle o Dmson over t/e -spte- property. T/e Cort o ppeals sstane- t/e RTC Decson. T/e Cort o  ppeals lkese nval-ate- t/e ttles ttles o raneta, relyn1 on t/e <preme Cort rln1 n M=<< M=<< vs.  vs. Cort o ppeals, /c/ -eclarenll an- vo- t/e certcates o ttle -erve- rom >CT No. 99" re1stere- on ! may 9*. G.R. No. 2!!"# (CLT vs. Manotok)  In 992, CLT Realty Development Corporaton (CLT) so1/t to recover rom Manotok Realty, Inc. (MRI) an- Manotok 7state Corporaton (M7C) (collectvely, Manotoks) t/e possesson o Lot 2# o t/e Mayslo 7state n an acton le- 3eore t/e RTC o Caloocan Cty. CLT clams t s t/e oner o Lot 2# covere- 3y TCT No. T%**0!  sse- n ts name 3y t/e Caloocan Cty Re1ster o Dee-s, /c/ ttle as -erve- rom 7stelta ?polto. ?polto@s ttle n trn emanate- rom +ose Dmson, t/e re1stere- oner o TCT No. '##, t/e latter /avn1 ac8re- t/e same 3y vrte o a Cort >r-er n 9## sse- 3y t/e cort n a Cvl Case. Dmson@s ttle appears to /ave 3een sorce- rom >CT No. 99" Manotoks clame- t/at Dmson@s ttle, t/e proAmate sorce o CLT@s ttle, as rre1larly sse- an-, /ence, t/e same an- s3se8ent ttles lon1 t/ererom are lkese vo-. Lke CLT, t/e Manotoks lkese trace- ts ttle to >CT No. 99". TCT No. "20, /c/ cancelle- >CT No. 99", /a- 3een sse- to  le;an-ro R an- Marano Marano Letero /o /a- prevosly ac8reac8re- t/e property n 9& 3y vrte o an B7scrtra B7scrtra -e 6enta  eAecte- 3y Don Tomas r1elles an- Don 7nr8e Lopes. In 920, R an- Letero sol- t/e property to rancsco Gonale /o /el- ttle t/ereto ntl 9!& /en t/e property as s3-v-e- amon1st t/e Gonale c/l-ren. T/e propertes covere- 3y sa- seven certcates o ttle (TCT Nos. !#&%!*") ere eAproprate- 3y t/e Rep3lc o t/e E/lppnes. T/ese propertes ere t/en later s3-v-e- 3y t/e Natonal ?osn1 t/orty 4N?5 nto ** lots an- t/ereater sol- to 8aleven-ees.  nm3er o sa- ven-ees sol- 9 o t/ese lots to Manotok Realty, Inc. /le  lot as prc/ase- 3y t/e Manotok 7state Corporaton. T/e tral cort, on- n avor o CLT 3y a-optn1 t/e actal n-n1s arrve- at 3y t/e ma;orty commssoners apponte- to resolve t/e conlct o ttles. It as on- t/at t/at t/ere ere n/erent tec/ncal nrmtes or -eects on t/e ace o TCT No. "2 ("20), rom /c/ t/e Manotoks -erve- t/er ttles T/e Cort o ppeals arme- t/e -ecson o t/e RTC. ?ence, t/e Manotoks le- t/e a petton or reve t/ t/e <preme Cort. 200' Decson  T/e <preme Cort, t/ro1/ ts T/r- Dvson, arme- t/e RTC an- Cort o ppeals, /c/ -eclare- t/e ttles o CLT an- Dmson as val-. T/e <preme Cort rele- on t/e actal an- le1al n-n1s o t/e tral corts, as arme- 3y t/e Cort o ppeals. Fot/ Manotok an- raneta le- t/er respectve motons or recons-eraton. 200* Resolton  In t/e 200* Resolton on t/e MRs, t/e <preme Cort reverse- an- nlle- ts 200' Decson an- cate1orcally nval-ate- >CT No. 99" -ate- 9 prl 9*, /c/ as t/e 3ass o t/e clams o CLT an- Dmson. ?oever, t/e <preme Cort resolve- to reman- t/e cases to t/s CT No. 99" -ate- 9 prl 9* as t/e 3ass o t/er clam o oners/p. ?oever, t/e Cort n ts 200* Resolton /el- t/at >CT No. 99" -ate- 9 prl 9* as neAstent. T/e procee-n1s 3eore t/e
3ase- on ev-ence ot/er t/an t/e neAstent 9 prl 9* >CT No. 99". Held:

T/e ttles o Dmson, an- ts sccessor CLT, are -eclare- vo- or 3en1 -erve- rom an neAstent mot/er ttle . T/e mot/er ttle o TCT No. '#9, t/e certcate o ttle o Dmson covern1 t/e no -spte- Lot 2'%%2, s >CT No. 99" re1stere- on 9 prl 9*. Manestly, t/e certcate o ttle sse- to TCT No. '#9, an- as a matter o corse, t/e -ervatve ttle later sse- to CLT, s/ol- 3ot/ 3e vo-e- nasmc/ as t/e >CT /c/ t/ey emanate- /a- alrea-y 3een -eclare- neAstent 2. T/e r-er o +-1e r-er o +-1e Ealma. CT No. 99". ?oever, /at s perpleAn1 to t/s Cort s not only t/e loss o t/e entre recor-s o Case No. "''* 3t t/e a-msson o +-1e r-er. Net/er as t/e s1natre o +-1e Ealma on t/e >r-er -ly proven 3ecase all t/at as presente- as an ns1ne- -plcate copy t/ a stampe- notaton o :or1nal s1ne-.: 78ally perpleAn1 s t/at /le CI Eas1 /a- a Case No. "''* on le, sa- le pertane- not to an LRC case 3t to a smple cvl case. T/e case -- not partake o t/e natre o a re1straton procee-n1 an- t/s, ev-ently -- not o3serve t/e re8rements n lan- re1straton cases. ". 78ally ort/y o cons-eraton s t/e act t/at TCT No. '#9 n-cates t/at not only as t/e -ate o or1nal re1straton neAstent, 3t t/e remarks t/ereon ten- to prove t/at >CT No. 99" /a- not 3een presente- pror to t/e ssance o t/e sa- transer certcate. T/e ssance o a transer certcate o ttle to t/e prc/aser t/ot t/e pro-cton o t/e oners -plcate s lle1al an-oes not coner any r1/t to t/e prc/aser. (see Ro-r1e v. Llorente, ENF vs. ernan-e)  '. T/e /ers o Dmson tracce t/er ttle rom +ose Dmsons 2'H s/are n t/e alle1e- /ere-tary r1/ts o Fartolome Rvera as an alle1e- 1ran-son o Mara Concepcon 6-al. ?oever, recor-s s/o t/at Rvera as #' years ol- n 9#!, t/s, /e mst /ave 3een 3orn aron- &9&. >n t/e ot/er /an-, 6-al as only 9 years n 9 2 /ence, s/e col- /ave 3een 3orn only on 90'. T/s alone creates an neAplane- anomalos /eren t/e alle1e- 1ran-mot/er  s * years yon1er t/an /er alle1e- 1ran-son. Nllty o CLTs ttle #. T/e n-n1s re1ar-n1 t/e ttles o +ose Dmson necessarly aect an- even nval-ate t/e clams o all persons /o seek to -erve oners/p rom t/e Dmson ttles. T/ese ncl-e CLT, /c/ ac8re- t/e propertes t/ey la- clam on rom 7stelta ?polto /o n trn ac8re- t/e same rom +ose Dmson. *. Cons-ern1 t/at t/e lan- ttle o CLT carre- annotatons -entcal to t/ose o Dmson an- conse8ently ncl-e- t/e -eects n Dmsons ttle, t/e act t/at /atever typo1rap/cal errors ere not at anytme cre- 3y s3se8ent complance t/ t/e a-mnstratve re8rements or s3;ecte- to a-mnstratve correcton 3olsters t/e nval-ty o t/e CLT ttle -e to ts complete an- sole -epen-ence on t/e vo- Dmson ttle.  6al-ty o ranetas ttle &. rom t/e ttles s3mtte-, t/e pre-ecessor%n%nterest o raneta as +ose Ma. Rato y Taon, one o t/e co%/ers name- n >CT No. 99", /o as allotte- a s/are o t/e Mayslo 7state. Rato as sse- TCT No. \ covern1 Lot No. 2'%%!, /c/ as t/en s3-v-e- nto ve lots n-er TCT Nos. 2&''%'9. rt/er s3-v-n1 t/e property, Rato as a1an sse- TCT Nos. 2#'!& an2#'!9, stll covern1 Lot No. 2' %!%C. In all t/ e certcates o ttle, ncl-n1 t/ose t/at ltmately passe- oners/p to raneta, t/e -es1naton o t/e lot as et/er 3elon1n1 to or portons o Lot 2'%%! as retane-, t/ere3y provn1 -entty o t/e lan-. More mportantly, t/e -ocmentary tral o lan- ttles s/oe- t/at all o t/em ere -erve- rom >CT No. 99" re1stere- on ! May 9*. 9. T/s Cort n-s t/at t/e ncorrect entry t/ respect to t/e Decree an- Recor- Nm3er appearn1 on t/e ttle o ranetas pre-ecessor%n%nterest cannot, 3y tsel, nval-ate t/e t tles o ranetas pre-ecessors%n%nterest an- ltmately, t/at o raneta. T/e ncorrect entres all-e- to ol- not /ave t/e eect o ren-ern1 t/e prevos ttles vo- sans any stron1 s/on1 o ra-lent or ntentonal ron1-on1 on t/e part o t/e person makn1 sc/ entres. ra- s never presme- 3t mst 3e esta3ls/e- 3y clear anconvncn1 ev-ence. In case o -screpancy, t/e tec/ncal -escrpton n t/e ttle s/ol- preval over t/e recor- nm3er 0. T/e cort /as acknole-1e- t/at certan -eects on a certcate o ttle, speccally, t/e nterc/an1n1 o nm3ers, may occr an:t s certanly 3eleva3le t/at sc/ varance n t/e copyn1 o entres col- 3e merely a typo1rap/cal or clercal error In sc/ cases, t/e tec/ncal -escrpton n t/e ttle s/ol- preval over t/e recor- nm3er. (see 7ncnas v. Natonal Fookstore, Inc.) 

. =/at s o tmost mportance s t/at t/e -es1naton an- t/e tec/ncal -escrpton o t/e lan-, as state- on t/e ace o t/e ttle, /a- not 3een s/on to 3e erroneos or ot/erse nconsstent t/ t/e sorce o ttles. In ranetas case, -espte t/e ncorrect entres on t/e ttle, t/e propertes, covere- 3y t/e s3;ect certcates o ttle can stll 3e -etermne- t/ scent certanty. Certcate o ttle nm3er may 3ear t/e same nm3er as anot/er ttle to anot/er lan2. T/ere s not/n1 ra-lent or a certcate o ttle to 3ear t/e same nm3er as anot/er ttle to anot/er lan-. T/s came a3ot 3ecase n-er General Lan- Re1straton >ce (GLR>) Crclar No. *, -ate- e3rary 9, 9"*, an- Rep3lc ct No. 2# an- Crclar No. #, RD !, -ate- 1st ', 9"#, t/e ttles sse- 3eore t/e na1raton o t/e E/lppne Rep3lc ere nm3ere- consectvely an- t/e ttles sse- ater t/e na1raton ere nm3ere- also consectvely startn1 t/ No. , so t/at eventally, t/e ttles sse3eore t/e na1raton ere -plcate- 3y ttles sse- ater t/e na1raton o t/e E/lppne Rep3lc.  6al-ty o t/e Manotok ttle J Ttles ac8re- 3y t/e T>K< ttles n-catn1 any rre1larty on t/er ssance. Derence 3eteen t/e mpte- las tantn1 t/e conten-n1 ttles *. T/e crcal -erence 3eteen t/e mpte- las alle1e-ly tantn1 sa- conten-n1 ttles, Dmson an- CLT on one /an-, an- t/e Manotoks an- raneta, on t/e ot/er, s t/at t/e mpte- las prporte-ly 3elea1ern1 t/e respectve certcates o ttle o t/e Manotoks an- raneta relate to t/e mec/ancal an- tec/ncal aspect o t/e transcrpton o t/er ttles an- are t/ereore nconse8ental to t/e mport an- val-ty t/ereo. n t/e ot/er /an-, t/e las atten-n1 t/e ttles o Dmson an- CLT prmarly stem rom nrmtes atten-n1 or ot/erse aectn1 t/e very crA o t/er clam o oners/p. ?avn1 -erve- t/er ttles rom Rvera, /ose ttle s 8estona3le an- -3os to t/e core, Dmson an- CLT cannot r1/tly nsst on t/e val-ty o t/er ttles. <c/ las are /ar- to overcome as t/ey -elve nto t/e s3stance o t/er propretary clams. D1est romJ myle1al/