MAKALAH AGAMA ISLAM ZAKAT, HAJI DAN WAKAF KELAS : XC
OLEH KELOMPOK 5 :
DIAH ANNISA APRILIA INDAH MIFTAHUL HUDA SYADILA SYADILA SYAHRUL AXL MEVIA MEVI A ABD MUH. CHANDRA SYAHPUTRA SITI HUTAMI TRI OKTAVIANTI
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Kata Pengantar : Ala!"#l$la$ Ra%%$l Ala!$n& %an'a( r$)($ 'ang Alla tela %er$(an& na!#n an'a *e"$($t 'ang ($ta $ngat. Segala +#,$ ata* (ea"$rat Alla Alla S-T. 'ang tela !e!%er$(an (a!$ (en$(!atan "an (e*eatan *e$ngga (a!$ "a+at !en'ele*a$(an +en'#*#nan !a(ala aga!a I*la! $n$ 'ang %er,#"#l /a(at& Ha,$ "an -a(a01. Sala2at "an *ala! *e!3ga *elal# ter4#ra(an (e+a"a *ang !a(3ta ala! Na%$ M#a!! M#a!!a" a" SA SA-. Karen Karenaa "engan "engan +er,#a +er,#anga ngann %el$a# %el$a#la la ($t ($taa %$*a %$*a !enget !engeta a#$ #$ %eta+ %eta+aa +ent$ngn'a $l!# +engeta#an *e%aga$ *e%aga$ %e(al ($ta $"#+ "$ "#n$a "ala! !en4a+a$ (e%aag$aan (e%aag$aan "#n$a "an a($rat. Ka!$ Ka!$
!en'a !en'a"a "ar$ r$ %a2a %a2a "$ "ala! "ala! !a(ala !a(ala $n$ %an'a %an'a(( ter"a+ ter"a+at at (e*ala (e*alaan an "an
(e(# (e(#ra rang ngan an.. Unt# Unt#(( $t $t## (a! (a!$ *ang *angat at !eng !enga ara ra+( +(an an (e+a (e+a"a "a +ara +ara +e!% +e!%a4 a4aa #nt# #nt#( ( !en'a!+a$(an (r$t$( "an *aran 'ang *$0atn'a !e!%ang#n "e!$ (e%a$(an "an (e*e!+#rnaan !a(ala *elan,#tn'a. Ter$!a (a*$ 'ang *e%e*ar5%e*arn'a (a!$ #4a+(an (e+a"a : 6. Pa( Ag#* Ag#* Sal$!& Sal$!& g#r# 'ang tela !e!%er$(a !e!%er$(ann (a!$ (a!$ t#ga* t#ga* "an "an ,#ga ,#ga (e+a"a (e+a"a&& 7. Angg3ta Angg3ta (el3!+3(& (el3!+3(& 'a$t# 'a$t# : D$a Ann$*a Ann$*a&& S$t$ H#ta!$ T.O T.O&& In"a M$0ta#l& M$0ta#l& S'a"$la S'a"$la S'ar# S'ar#l&l& A8l A8l Me9$a& Me9$a& M#. M#. Can"r Can"raa S. Dan *e!#a *e!#a te!an5 te!an5te! te!an an 'ang 'ang tela tela !e!%ant# (a!$ *e$ngga !a(ala $n$ "a+at ter*ele*a$(an.
Pal#& Fe%r#ar$ 76;
Pen'#*#n
2
Kata Pengantar : Ala!"#l$la$ Ra%%$l Ala!$n& %an'a( r$)($ 'ang Alla tela %er$(an& na!#n an'a *e"$($t 'ang ($ta $ngat. Segala +#,$ ata* (ea"$rat Alla Alla S-T. 'ang tela !e!%er$(an (a!$ (en$(!atan "an (e*eatan *e$ngga (a!$ "a+at !en'ele*a$(an +en'#*#nan !a(ala aga!a I*la! $n$ 'ang %er,#"#l /a(at& Ha,$ "an -a(a01. Sala2at "an *ala! *e!3ga *elal# ter4#ra(an (e+a"a *ang !a(3ta ala! Na%$ M#a!! M#a!!a" a" SA SA-. Karen Karenaa "engan "engan +er,#a +er,#anga ngann %el$a# %el$a#la la ($t ($taa %$*a %$*a !enget !engeta a#$ #$ %eta+ %eta+aa +ent$ngn'a $l!# +engeta#an *e%aga$ *e%aga$ %e(al ($ta $"#+ "$ "#n$a "ala! !en4a+a$ (e%aag$aan (e%aag$aan "#n$a "an a($rat. Ka!$ Ka!$
!en'a !en'a"a "ar$ r$ %a2a %a2a "$ "ala! "ala! !a(ala !a(ala $n$ %an'a %an'a(( ter"a+ ter"a+at at (e*ala (e*alaan an "an
(e(# (e(#ra rang ngan an.. Unt# Unt#(( $t $t## (a! (a!$ *ang *angat at !eng !enga ara ra+( +(an an (e+a (e+a"a "a +ara +ara +e!% +e!%a4 a4aa #nt# #nt#( ( !en'a!+a$(an (r$t$( "an *aran 'ang *$0atn'a !e!%ang#n "e!$ (e%a$(an "an (e*e!+#rnaan !a(ala *elan,#tn'a. Ter$!a (a*$ 'ang *e%e*ar5%e*arn'a (a!$ #4a+(an (e+a"a : 6. Pa( Ag#* Ag#* Sal$!& Sal$!& g#r# 'ang tela !e!%er$(a !e!%er$(ann (a!$ (a!$ t#ga* t#ga* "an "an ,#ga ,#ga (e+a"a (e+a"a&& 7. Angg3ta Angg3ta (el3!+3(& (el3!+3(& 'a$t# 'a$t# : D$a Ann$*a Ann$*a&& S$t$ H#ta!$ T.O T.O&& In"a M$0ta#l& M$0ta#l& S'a"$la S'a"$la S'ar# S'ar#l&l& A8l A8l Me9$a& Me9$a& M#. M#. Can"r Can"raa S. Dan *e!#a *e!#a te!an5 te!an5te! te!an an 'ang 'ang tela tela !e!%ant# (a!$ *e$ngga !a(ala $n$ "a+at ter*ele*a$(an.
Pal#& Fe%r#ar$ 76;
Pen'#*#n
2
DAFTAR ISI KATA KATA PEN
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BAB I : LATAR BELAKAN< Me!aa!$ I*la! t$"a( a(an leng(a+ %$la ($ta t$"a( !engeta#$ #(#!5#(#!n'a. Melal#$ #(#!la at#ran 'ang %era*al "ar$ n$la$5n$la$ I*la! "a+at "$la(*ana(an. Alla S-T !enera+(an *'ar$>at %#(an #nt#( !e!%erat(an !an#*$a & a(an teta+$ "$%al$( $t#& 3rang53rang 'ang !a!+# !ela(*ana(an *'ar$at "engan %a$( +a*t$ a(an !en"a+at(an (e%aag$aan "an (e!#l'aan $"#+. Dala! %a% $n$ a(an "$%aa* $%a"a5$%a"a 'ang !engg#na(an #n*#r arta 'a$t# : )a(at& a,$ "an 2a(a0. Pe!er$nta ,#ga !e!$l$($ (e2a,$%an #nt#( !en,a!$n (eterla(*anaan $%a"a )a(at& a,$ "an 2a(a0. Unt#( $t#la +e!er$nta !engel#ar(an #n"ang5#n"ang 'ang !engat#r )a(at& a,$ "a! 2a(a0 "engan t#,#an agar $%a"a ter*e%#t "a+at "$la(*ana(an "engan %a$(& !en*e,ater(an !a*'ara(at "an "a+at !e!%er"a'a(an +3ten*$ #!at I*la! #nt#( (e!a*laatan #!at. BAB II : PEMBAHASAN Me!aa!$ I*la! t$"a( a(an leng(a+ %$la ($ta t$"a( !engeta#$ #(#!5#(#!n'a. Melal#$ #(#!la at#ran 'ang %era*al "ar$ n$la$5n$la$ I*la! "a+at "$la(*ana(an. Alla S-T !enera+(an *'ar$>at %#(an #nt#( !e!%erat(an !an#*$a & a(an teta+$ "$%al$( $t#& 3rang53rang 'ang !a!+# !ela(*ana(an *'ar$at "engan %a$( +a*t$ a(an !en"a+at(an (e%aag$aan "an (e!#l'aan $"#+. Dala! %a% $n$ a(an "$%aa* $%a"a5$%a"a 'ang !engg#na(an #n*#r arta 'a$t# : )a(at& a,$ "an 2a(a0. Pe!er$nta ,#ga !e!$l$($ (e2a,$%an #nt#( !en,a!$n (eterla(*anaan $%a"a )a(at& a,$ "an 2a(a0. Unt#( $t#la +e!er$nta !engel#ar(an #n"ang5#n"ang 'ang !engat#r )a(at& a,$ "a! 2a(a0 "engan t#,#an agar $%a"a ter*e%#t "a+at "$la(*ana(an "engan %a$(& !en*e,ater(an !a*'ara(at "an "a+at !e!%er"a'a(an +3ten*$ #!at I*la! #nt#( (e!a*laatan #!at. A.
ZAKAT
Pengert$an /a(at /a(at a"ala r#(#n (et$ga "ar$ r#(#n I*la!. Se4ara *'ar$?a& )a(at !er#,#( +a"a a(t$9$ta* !e!%er$(an *e%ag$an (e(a'aan "ala! ,#!la "an +er$t#ngan tertent# #nt#( 3rang5 3rang tertent# !en#r#t (etent#an5(etent#an Al5@#r>an.
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/a(at *e4ara %aa*a "a+at %erart$ 1(e*#4$an1& 1t#!%# ata# %er(e!%ang1&"an "a+at %erart$ 1(e%er(atan1. Men#r#t $*t$la )a(at $ala (a"ar arta tertent# 'ang 2a,$% "$(el#ar(an 3le *e*e3rang (e+a"a 'ang %era( !ener$!a !#*ta$( "engan (etent#an "an *'arat *'arat tertent#. /a(at !engan"#ng art$ (e*#4$an& !a(*#"n'a ,$(a arta $t# "$(el#ar(an )a(atn'a& !a(a arta 'ang "$!$l$($ 3rang ter*e%#t !en,a"$ *#4$. Beg$t# +#la 3rangn'a ,#ga !en,a"$ *#4$ ata# le+a* "ar$ "3*a. /a(at !engan"#ng art$ t#!%# ata# %er(e!%ang& !a(*#"n'a ,$(a )a(at $t# "$la(*ana(an "a+at !en,a"$(an *#%#rn'a arta 'ang "$!$ll$($& !a#+#n *#%#rn'a %ag$ 3rang 'ang !ener$!a. /a(at !engan"#ng art$ (e%er(atan&!a(*#"n'a ,$(a )a(at $t# "$la(*ana(an "a+at !e!%er$ %er(a tera"a+ arta $t# *en"$r$& 3rang 'ang )a(at !#)a(($ !a#+#n 3rang 'ang !ener$!a )a(at !#*ta$(. /a(at %er%e"a "engan +a,a(& !en#r#t al$ 0$$ +a,a( *a!a "engan ,$)'a 'ang %erar$ +a,a( +#ng#t& !e!%ala* ,a*a. Men#r#t $*t$la& +a,a( $ala (e2a,$%an 'ang "$teta+(an tera"a+ 2a,$% +a,a( 'ang ar#* "$*et3r(an (e+a"a negara *e*#a$ "engan (etent#an. Sela$n )a(at "an +a,a( a"a "ana 'ang %er*$0at (e*3*$alan 'a$t# : a In0a $ala !e!%er$(an *e%ag$an arta 'ang "$!$l$($ (e+a"a 0$a( la$n 'ang !e!%#t#(an #nt#( !e!%ant# !er$ngan(an %e%an. % H$%%a 'a$t# !e!%er$(an *#at# %arang (e+a"a 3rang la$n ata* "a*ar 4$nta (a*$ "an t$"a( !engara+ %ala*an. 4 Se"e(a 'a$t# !e!%er$(an *#at# %arang (e+a"a 3rang la$n "engan "a*ar !en4ar$ (er$"aan Alla *2t. " Ha"$a 'a$t# !e!%er$(an *#at# %arang (e+a"a 3rang la$n ata* "a*ar +re*ta*$. Da*ar Ke2a,$%a /a(at. /a(at !er#+a(an *ala *at#r#(#n I*la!& "an !en,a"$ *ala *at# #n*#r +3(3( %ag$ tega(n'a *'ar$at I*la!. Ole *e%a% $t# #(#! )a(at a"ala 2a,$% 0ar"# ata* *et$a+ !#*l$! 'ang tela !e!en#$ *'arat5*'arat tertent#. /a(at ter!a*#( "ala! (ateg3r$ $%a"a& *e+ert$:*alat&a,$&"an +#a*a 'ang tela "$at#r *e4ara r$n4$ "an +aten %er"a*ar(an Al5@#r?an "an A* S#nna&*e(al$g#* !er#+a(an a!al *3*$al (e!a*'ara(atan "an (e!an#*$aan 'ang "a+at %er(e!%ang *e*#a$ "engan +er(e!%angan #!!at !an#*$a. A"a+#n "a*ar (e2a,$%an $ala 0$r!an Alla *2t: Art$n'a: A!%$la )a(at "ar$ *e%ag$an arta !ere(a& "engan )a(at $t# (a!# !e!%er*$(an "an !en*#4$(an arta "an !en"3?a(an #nt#( !ere(a. Se*#ngg#5n'a "3?a (a!# $t#
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!en,a"$ (etentra!an ,$2a %ag$ !ere(a "an Alla Maa Men"engar Lag$ Maa Mengeta#$. At5Ta#%a : 6G. Dar$ a'at "$ata* a"a %e%era+a !a*ala 'ang +erl# "$4atat 'a$t# : a. Kata (#") a!%$la !en#n,#((an (ata +er$nta 'ang !a(*#"n'a 2a,$%. %. /a(at 'ang "$a!%$l $t# "ala! %ent#( arta 'ang +en,a%arann'a %$*a %er!a4a!5!a4a! *e+ert$ : e!a*& +era(& "agangan& %#a5%#aan "an la$n *e%aga$n'a. 4. /a(at a(an !e!%a2a (e%er#nt#ngan %ag$ 3rang 'ang !engel#ar(ann'a %er#+a (e%er*$an !ere(a "ar$ (e($($ran& !en$!%#l(an (etentra!an "an (etenangan ,$2a %a(an a(an !en"a+at(an "3?a "ar$ !ere(a 'ang "$%er$ )a(at. A"a+#n (e2a,$%an !ela(*ana(an +a,a( "$"a*ar(an (e+a"a (e!a*laatan #!#! 'a$t# *e%aga$ "a*ar #nt#( !e2#,#"(an (ea"aan !a*'ara(at 'ang *e,atera la$r %at$n.Ke*e,ateraan la$r %at$n antara la$n "$"#(#ng 3le ter*e"$an'a (e*e,ateraan la$r "ala! %ent#( +erleng(a+an $"#+ #nt#( "a+at !ela(*ana(an +er$nta Alla *2t. Ma4a!5!a4a! /a(at a. /a(at F$tra /a(at 0$tra a"ala )a(at +r$%a"$ 'ang 2a,$% "$(el#ar(an *et$a+ %#lan ra!a"an ata# *e%el#! $"#l 0$tr$ %er#+a !a(anan +3(3( ata# #ang *e%e*ar (a"ar 'ang "$2a,$%(an. /a(at 0$tra %3le "$%a'ar(an *e,a( a2al ra!a"an "an *#nan'a "$%a'ar(an *e*#"a *3lat *#%# *e%el#! *3lat Ie". B$la "$%a'ar(an *e*#"a *3lat Ie"#l 0$tr$ *e%el#! !ataar$ tenggela!& #(#!n'a !a(r# *e"ang %$la "$%a'ar *e*#"a !ataar$ tenggela! #(#!n'a ara!.Yang 2a,$% "$(el#ar(an #nt#( )a(at 0$tra a"ala %er#+a !a(anan +3(3( *e+ert$ %era*& ,ag#ng "an gan"#! *e%e*ar G&6 l$ter. /a(at 0$tra a"ala 2a,$% ata* *et$a+ !#*l$! "an !#*l$!a. Ber"a*ar a"$t* %er$(#t& Dar$
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;& T$r!$")$ II : 7 "an G n3: ;J "an ;J7& A#n#l Ma>%#" V:5 n3: 6 "an 6;& Na*a>$ V:& I%n# Ma,a I: n3:67; Dar$ I%n# A%%a* r.a. %er(ata& Ra*#l#lla *a2. tela !e2a,$%(an )a(at 0$tra*e%aga$ +e!%er*$ %ag$ 3rang 'ang %er+#a*a "ar$ +er%#atan 'ang *$a5*$a "an 'ang (3t3r& "an *e%aga$ !a(anan %ag$ 3rang53rang !$*($n. Barang*$a+a 'ang !engel#ar(ann'a *e%el#! *ele*a$ *alat $"& !a(a $t# a"ala )a(at 'ang "$ter$!a 3le Alla "an *$a+a *a,a 'ang !engel#ar(ann'a *e*#a$ *alat $"& !a(a $t# a"ala *a"aa %$a*a& %#(an )a(at 0$tra.1 Ha*an : Sa$#l I%n# Ma,a n3: 6& I%n# Ma,a I: n3: 67J "an A#n#l Ma>%#" V: G n3:6. Yang 2a,$% !engel#ar(an )a(at 0$tra $ala 3rang !#*l$! 'ang !er"e(a 'ang *#"a !e!$l$($ !a(anan +3(3( !ele%$$ (e%#t#an "$r$n'a *en"$r$ "an (el#argan'a #nt#( *ear$ *e!ala!. D$ *a!+$ng $t#& $a ,#ga 2a,$% !engel#ar(an )a(at 0$tra #nt#( 3rang53rang 'ang !en,a"$ tangg#ngann'a& *e+ert$ $*ter$n'a& ana(5ana(n'a& +e!%ant#n'a& "an %#"a(n'a& %$la !ere(a $t# !#*l$!. Dar$ I%n# U!ar r.a. $a %er(ata& Ra*#l#lla *a2. +erna !e!er$nta ($ta agar !engel#ar(an )a(at #nt#( ana( (e4$l "an 3rang "e2a*a& #nt#( 3rang !er"e(a "an a!%a *aa'a "ar$ (alangan 3rang53rang 'ang (a!# tangg#ng (e%#t#an +3(3(n'a.1 Sa$ : Ir2a5#l <al$l n3: G& Dar##tn$ II:66 n3: 67 "an Ba$a$ IV: 6;6. %. /a(at Maal /a(at Maal a"ala )a(at 'ang "$(ena(an ata* arta !aal 'ang "$!$l$($ 3le $n"$9$"# ata# le!%aga "engan *'arat5*'arat "an (etent#an5(etent#an 'ang tela "$teta+(an *e4ara #(#! *'ara. Maal %era*al "ar$ %aa*a Ara% 'ang *e4ara ar0$a %erart$ ?arta?. Harta 'ang a(an "$(el#ar(an *e%aga$ )a(at ar#* !e!en#$ *'arat5*'arat *e%aga$ %er$(#t:
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Sa+$ at# (er%a# ; G G e(3r& )a(atn'a 6 e(3r %er#!#r 6 7 ta#n. J e(3r& )a(atn'a 7 e(3r %er#!#r 6 7 ta#n. ; ; e(3r& )a(atn'a 7 e(3r %er#!#r 6 7 ta#n. J J e(3r& )a(atn'a 7 e(3r %er#!#r 7 G ta#n. 6 e(3r& )a(atn'a G e(3r %er#!#r 6 7 ta#n. 66 (e ata*&*et$a+ %erta!%a G )a(atn'a %erta!%a 6 e(3r. Ha*$l +ertan$an Ha*$l +ertan$an *e+ert$ !a(anan +3(3( %era*& ,ag#ng "an gan"#!& a*$l +er(e%#nan *e+ert$ (#r!a& angg#r "an *e!a4a!n'a *'arat )a(atn'a *e+ert$ 2a,$% )a(at e!a* "an +era(. -a(t#n'a *etela *ele*a$ +anen. N$*3%n'a (#rang le%$ G l$ter. B$a'a a*$l +ertan$an 'ang "$tana! "engan %$a'a 'ang 4#(#+ %an'a(& )a(atn'a Q & *e"ang %$la "$tana!$ tan+a %$a'a )a(atn'a 6 Q. R$(a) arta te+en"a! Harta r$(a) arta ter+en"a! *e+ert$ e!a*& +era( "an *e!a4a!n'a )a(atn'a 7 Q.
Yang %era( !ener$!a )a(at.
F$r!an Alla *2t Art$n'a : Se*#ngg#n'a )a(at5)a(at $t#& an'ala #nt#( 3rang53rang 0a($r& 3rang53rang !$*($n& +eng#r#* )a(at& +ara !#ala0 'ang "$%#,#( at$n'a& #nt#( !e!er"e(a(an %#"a(& 3rang 'ang %er#tang& #nt#( ,alan Alla& "an 3rang53rang 'ang *e"ang "ala! +er,alanan& *e%aga$ *#at# (eteta+an 'ang "$2a,$%(an Alla "an Alla Maa Mengeta#$ Lag$ Maa B$,a(*ana . At5Ta#%a : ; Dela+an a*na0 'ang %era( !ener$!a )a(at !#*ta$( $t# $ala : •
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R$3% 'a$t# a!%a *aa'a 'ang $ng$n !er"e(a. Dala! al $n$ )a(at "$+erg# na(an
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#nt#( !ene%#* (e+a"a !a,$(ann'a. <3r$! 'a$t# 3rang 'ang terl$l$t #tang *e$ngga %erat *e(al$ #nt#( !e!%a'ar
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+a"aal #tang %#(an #nt#( !a(*$at. Sa%$l$lla 'a$t# 3rang53rang 'ang %er,#ang "$ ,alan Alla *2t.& ata# !enega((an aga!a I*la!& *e+ert$ !e!%ang#n R#!a Sa($t& Ma*,$" "an la$nn'a. I%n# Sa%$l 'a$t# 3rang53rang 'ang *e"ang "ala! +er,alanan ,a# %#(an #nt#( !a(*$at *e+ert$ %ela,ar& a,$ "an la$n *e%aga$n'a
Yang t$"a( %era( !ener$!a )a(at Orang (a'a. Ra*#l#lla %er*a%"a& T$"a( alal !enga!%$l *e"e(a )a(at %ag$ 3rang
'ang (a'a "an 3rang 'ang !e!+#n'a$ (e(#atan tenaga. HR B#(ar$.
Ha!%a *aa'a& (arena !a*$ !en"a+at na0(a ata# tangg#ngan "ar$ t#ann'a.
Ket#r#nan Ra*#l#lla. Ra*#l#lla %er*a%"a& Se*#ngg#n'a t$"a( alal %ag$ (a!$
al#l %a$t !enga!%$l *e"e(a )a(at. HR M#*l$!.
Orang 'ang "ala! tangg#ngan 'ang %er)a(at& !$*aln'a ana( "an $*tr$.
Orang (a0$r. Be%era+a Fae"a /a(at. A. Fae"a D$n$'a *eg$ aga!a Dengan %er)a(at %erart$ tela !en,alan(an *ala *at# "ar$ R#(#n I*la! 'ang
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!engantar(an *e3rang a!%a (e+a"a (e%aag$aan "an (e*ela!atan "#n$a "an a($rat. Mer#+a(an *arana %ag$ a!%a #nt#( taarr#% !en"e(at(an "$r$ (e+a"a Ra%%5n'a& a(an !ena!%a (e$!anan (arena (e%era"aann'a 'ang !e!#at %e%era+a !a4a!
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(etaatan. Pe!%a'ar )a(at a(an !en"a+at(an +aala %e*ar 'ang %erl$+at gan"a& *e%aga$!ana 0$r!an Alla& 'ang art$n'a: Alla !e!#*na(an r$%a "an !en'#%#r(an *e"e(a @S: Al Baara: 7J;. Dala! *e%#a a"$t* 'ang!#tta0a ala$ Na%$ Sallallaa# ?ala$$ 2a Salla! ,#ga !en,ela*(an %a2a *e"e(a "ar$ arta 'ang %a$( a(an
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"$t#!%#(an (e!%ang(an 3le Alla %erl$+at gan"a. /a(at !er#+a(an *arana +enga+#* "3*a& *e+ert$ 'ang +erna "$*a%"a(an Ra*#l#lla
M#a!!a" SA-. B. Fae"a K#l#$'a Seg$ A(la( 10
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+e!%a'ar )a(at. Pe!%a'ar )a(at %$a*an'a $"ent$( "engan *$0at ra!a %ela* (a*$ "an le!%#t
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(e+a"a *a#"aran'a 'ang t$"a( +#n'a. Mer#+a(an real$ta %a2a !en'#!%ang(an *e*#at# 'ang %er!an0aat %a$( %er#+a arta !a#+#n raga %ag$ (a#! M#*l$!$n a(an !ela+ang(an "a"a "an !el#a*(an ,$2a. Se%a% *#"a +a*t$ $a a(an !en,a"$ 3rang 'ang "$4$nta$ "an "$3r!at$ *e*#a$
t$ng(at +eng3r%anann'a. D$ "ala! )a(at ter"a+at +en'#4$an tera"a+ a(la(. C. Fae"a I,t$!a$''a Seg$ S3*$al Ke!a*'ara(atan o /a(at !er#+a(an *arana #nt#( !e!%ant# "ala! !e!en#$ a,at $"#+ +ara •
0a($r !$*($n 'ang !er#+a(an (el3!+3( !a'3r$ta* *e%ag$an %e*ar negara "$ o
"#n$a. Me!%er$(an "#(#ngan (e(#atan %ag$ (a#! M#*l$!$n "an !engang(at e(*$*ten*$ !ere(a. In$ %$*a "$l$at "ala! (el3!+3( +ener$!a )a(at& *ala
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*at#n'a a"ala !#,a$"$n 0$ *a%$l$lla. /a(at %$*a !eng#rang$ (e4e!%#r#an *3*$al& "en"a! "an ra*a "3ng(3l 'ang a"a "ala! "a"a 0a($r !$*($n. Karena !a*'ara(at %a2a %$a*an'a ,$(a !el$at !ere(a 'ang %er(ela* e(3n3!$ t$ngg$ !enga!%#r5a!%#r(an arta #nt#( *e*#at# 'ang t$"a( %er!an0aaat %$*a ter*#l#t ra*a %en4$ "an +er!#*#an !ere(a. =$(ala# arta 'ang "e!$($an !el$!+a $t# "$!an0aat(an #nt#( !engenta*(an (e!$*($nan tent# a(an ter,al$n (ear!3n$*an "an 4$nta (a*$
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%er(an'a a(an !el$!+a. Me!%a'ar )a(at %erart$ !e!+erl#a* +ere"aran arta %en"a ata# #ang& (arena (et$(a arta "$%elan,a(an !a(a +er+#tarann'a a(an !el#a* "an le%$ %an'a(
+$a( 'ang !enga!%$l !an0aat. H$(!a /a(at
H$(!a "ar$ )a(at antara la$n: •
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'ang !$*($n. P$lar a!al ,a!a?$ antara !ere(a 'ang %era"a "engan +ara !#,a$" "an "a?$
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'ang %er,#ang "an %er"a?2a "ala! rang(a !en$ngg$(an (al$!at Alla S-T. Me!%er*$(an "an !eng$($* a(la( 'ang %#r#( Alat +e!%er*$ arta "an +en,agaan "ar$ (eta!a(an 3rang ,aat. 11
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Ung(a+an ra*a *'#(#r ata* n$(!at 'ang Alla S-T %er$(an Unt#( +enge!%angan +3ten*$ #!!at D#(#ngan !3ral (e+a"a 3rang 'ang %ar# !a*#( I*la! Mena!%a +en"a+atan negara #nt#( +r3'e(5+r3'e( 'ang %erg#na %ag$
#!!at. /a(at "ala! Al @#r?an @S 7:G Dan "$r$(anla *alat& t#na$(anla )a(at "an r#(#?la %e*erta 3rang53rang
'ang r#(#?.
@S :G Pa"a ar$ "$+ana*(an e!a* +era( $t# "ala! nera(a ,aanna!& lal# "$%a(ar
"engann'a "a$ !ere(a& la!%#ng "an +#ngg#ng !ere(a lal# "$(ata(an (e+a"a !ere(a: In$la arta %en"a!# 'ang (a!# *$!+an #nt#( "$r$!# *en"$r$& !a(a ra*a(anla *e(arang a($%at "ar$ a+a 'ang (a!# *$!+an $t#.
@S ;: 66 Dan D$ala 'ang !en,a"$(an (e%#n5(e%#n 'ang %er,#n,#ng "an 'ang
t$"a( %er,#n,#ng& +33n (3r!a& tana!5tana!an 'ang %er!a4a!5!a4a! %#an'a& )a$t#n "an "el$!a 'ang *er#+a %ent#( "an 2arnan'a "an t$"a( *a!a ra*an'a. Ma(anla "ar$ %#an'a 'ang %er!a4a!5!a4a! $t# %$la "$a %er%#a& "an t#na$(anla a(n'a "$ ar$ !e!et$( a*$ln'a "engan "$*e"e(a(an (e+a"a 0a($r !$*($n "an ,anganla (a!# %erle%$5le%$an. Se*#ngg#n'a Alla t$"a( !en'#(a$ 3rang 'ang %erle%$5le%$an. Pengel3laan /a(at "$ In"3ne*$a. Se%aga$ 2#,#" (e+e"#l$an +e!er$nta tera"a+ !a*ala )a(at $n$& +e!er$nta !en"$r$(an BA/IS Ba"an A!$l /a(at "an Se"e(a. Le!%aga $n$ "$ara+(an !a!+# !en"3r3ng +r30e*$nal$*!e "ala! +engel3laan /IS. Bag$ #!at I*la! +engel3aan /IS 'ang +r30e*$3nal a(an !e!%er$(an %e%era+a !an0aat antara la$n : 3 Pen"$*tr$%#*$an /IS le%$ ter3rgan$*$r "an %enar5%enar a(an *a!+a$ (e+a"a 'ang %era(. 3 Pe!er$nta "a+at !el$at +3ten*$ !a*'ara(at +e!%a'ar /IS "an +ara +ener$!an'a. 3 Ma*'ara(at 'ang t$"a( !a!+# a(an ter%ant# e(3n3!$n'a Sela$n $t# +e!er$nta ,#ga !engel#ar(an Un"ang5Un"ang Re+#%l$( In"3ne*$a N3!3r G Ta#n 6 Tentang Pengel3laan /a(at& Ke+#t#*an Menter$ Aga!a RI n3. GJG ta#n 7G "an Ke+#t#*an D$r,en B$!a* I*la! Ur#*an Ha,$ n3 : D76 ta#n 7 tentang Pe"3!an Te(n$* Pengel3laan /a(at. 12
A"a+#n $*$ "ar$ UU N3!3r G Ta#n 6 Tentang Pengel3laan /a(at ter*e%#t a"ala : BAB I Pa*al 6 Dala! Un"ang5#n"ang $n$ 'ang "$!(a*#" "engan : 6 Pengel3laan )a(at a"ala (eg$atan +eren4anaan& +ela(*anaan "an +enga2a*an tera"a+ +eng#!+#lan "an +en"$*tr$%#*$an *erta +en"a'ag#naan )a(at. 7 /a(at a"ala arta 'ang 2a,$% "$*$*$(an 3le *e3rang !#*l$ ata# %a"an 'ang "$!$l$($ 3le 3rang !#*l$! *e*#a$ "engan (etent#an aga!a #nt#( "$%er$(an (e+a"a 'ang %era( !ener$!an'a. G M#)a(($ a"ala 3rang ata# %a"an 'ang "$!$l$($ 3le 3rang !#*l$! 'ang %er(e2a,$%an !en#na$(an )a(at. M#*ta$ a"ala 3rang ata# %a"an 'ang %era( !ener$!a )a(at. Aga!a a"ala aga!a I*la!. ; Menter$ a"ala Menter$ 'ang r#ang l$ng(#+ t#ga* "an tangg#ng ,a2a%n'a !el$+#t$ %$"ang aga!a. Pa*al 7 Set$a+ 2arga negara In"3ne*$a 'ang %eraga!a I*la! "an !a!+# ata# %a"an 'ang "$!$l$($ 3le 3rang !#*l$! %er(e2a,$%an !en#na$(an )a(at. Pa*al G Pe!er$nta %er(e2a,$%an !e!%er$(an +erl$n"#ngan& +e!%$naan "an +ela'anan (e+a"a !#)a(($& !#*ta$ "an a!$l )a(at. BAB II Pa*al Pengel3laan )a(at %ert#,#an :
13
6 !en$ng(atn'a +ela'anan %ag$ !a*'ara(at "ala! !en#na$(an )a(at *e*#a$ "engan t#nt#nan aga!a 7 !en$ng(atn'a 0#ng*$ "an +eranan +ranata (eaga!aan "ala! #+a'a !e2#,#"(an (e*e,ateraan !a*'ara(at "an (ea"$lan *3*$al. G !en$ng(atn'a a*$l g#na "an "a'a g#na )a(at. BAB III Pa*al ; 6 Pengel3laan )a(at "$la(#(an 3le %a"an a!$l )a(at 'ang "$%ent#( 3le +e!er$nta. 7 Pe!%ent#(an %a"an a!$l )a(at : a. na*$3nal 3le Pre*$"en ata* #*#l Menter$ %. "aera +r3+$n*$ 3le g#%ern#r ata* #*#l (e+ala (ant3r 2$la'a "e+arte!en aga!a +r3+$n*$ 4. "aera (a%#+aten ata# "aera (3ta 3le %#+at$ ata# 2al$ (3ta ata* #*#l (e+ala (ant3r "e+arte!en aga!a (a%#+aten ata# (3ta ". (e4a!atan 3le 4a!at ata* #*#l (e+ala (ant3r #r#*an aga!a (e4a!atan. BAB IV Pa*al 66 6 /a(at ter"$r$ ata* )a(at !al "an )a(at 0$tra. 7 Harta 'ang "$(ena$ )a(at a"ala : a. e!a*& +era( "an #ang %. +er"agangan "an +er#*aaan 4. Ha*$l +ertan$an& +er(e%#nan "an +er$(anan ". Ha*$l +erta!%angan e. Ha*$l +eterna(an 14
0. Ha*$l +en"a+atan "an ,a*a g. t$(a) G Peng$t#ngan )a(at !al !en#r#t n$*a%& (a"ar "an 2a(t#n'a "$teta+(an %er"a*ar(an #(#! aga!a. Pa*al 6G Ba"an a!$l )a(at "a+at !ener$!a arta *ela$n )a(at *e+ert$ $n0a& *a"aa& 2a*$at 2ar$* "an (a0arat. BAB V Pa*al 6; 6 Ha*$l +eng#!+#lan )a(at "$"a'ag#na(an #nt#( !#*ta$ *e*#a$ "engan (etent#an aga!a. 7 Pen"a'ag#naan a*$l +eng#!+#lan )a(at %er"a*ar(an *(ala +r$3r$ta* (e%#t#an !#*ta$ "an "a+at "$!an0aat(an #nt#( #*aa 'ang +r3"#(t$0. G Per*'aratan "an +r3*e"#r +en"a'ag#naan a*$l +eng#!+#lan )a(at *e%aga$!ana "$!a(*#" "ala! a'at 7 "$at#r "engan (e+#t#*an !enter$.
a!$l
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ta#n 6G !er#+a(an gera(an !a*'ara(at 2ala# *e%el#!n'a *#"a a"a le%$ "#l# Ba"an A!$l /a(at& In0a(& "an Se"e(a BA/IS DKI 'ang "$(el3la Pe!"a DKI. Kela$ran le!%aga5le!%aga a!$l )a(at +r30e*$3nal "an ($+ran'a 'ang *e!a($n !a*$0 "$ !a*'ara(at *elan,#tn'a !en"3r3ng la$rn'a FO/ 03r#! )a(at'ang !er#+a(an a*3*$a*$ le!%aga5 le!%aga )a(at "$ In"3ne*$a. Saat $n$ !#n4#l na!a5na!a le!%aga 'ang "$(enal "$ !a*'ara(at *e+ert$ D3!+et D#a0a& PKPU& R#!a /a(at In"3ne*$a& DPU Daar#t Ta#$$"& YDSF& Al A)ar& "an la$nn'a. Paralel "engan gera(an !e2#,#"(an ter%ent#(n'a De2an /a(at Interna*$3nal 'ang a(an !e!+el3+3r$ +e!%ent#(an Ba$t#l Mal Interna*$3nal $n$ %era2al !elal#$ "$*elenggara(ann'a K3n0eren*$ /a(at A*$a Tenggara "$ K#ala L#!+#r ta#n 7; 'ang "$"#(#ng 3le le!%aga5le!%aga )a(at "ar$ negara 'a$t# In"3ne*$a& Mala'*$a& S$nga+#ra "an Br#ne$
Dar#**ala! !engel#ar(anDe(lara*$
/a(at !engena$
%er"$r$n'a De2an /a(at MABIMS "engan In"3ne*$a *e%aga$ *e(retar$atn'a (e!#"$an 15
"$*#*#l "engan K3n0eren*$ /a(at Interna*$3nal +erta!a ta#n 7J "$ K#ala L#!+#r "an *elan,#tn'a K3n0eren*$ /a(at Interna*$3nal (e"#a ta#n 7 'ang "$*elenggara(an "$ Pa"ang. #. HAJI
Ha,$ a"ala r#(#n t$ang aga!a I*la! 'ang (el$!a *etela *'aa"at& *alat& )a(at "an +#a*a. Men#na$(an $%a"a a,$ a"ala %ent#( r$t#al ta#nan 'ang "$la(*ana(an (a#! !#*l$! *e"#n$a 'ang !a!+# !ater$al& 0$*$(& "an (e$l!#an "engan %er(#n,#ng "an !ela(*ana(an %e%era+a (eg$atan "$ %e%era+a te!+at "$ Ara% Sa#"$ +a"a *#at# 2a(t# 'ang "$(enal *e%aga$ !#*$! a,$ %#lan D)#l$,,a. Hal $n$ %er%e"a "engan $%a"a #!ra 'ang %$*a "$la(*ana(an *e2a(t#52a(t#. Ha,$ !en#r#t %aa*a art$n'a !en'enga,a WWW Z [\ ][. Men#r#t $*t$la a,$ $ala !en'enga,a %er(#n,#ng (e Ba$t#lla Ka?%a #nt#( !ela(#(an %e%era+a +er%#atan antara la$n 2#(#0& t32a0& *a?$ "an a!alan5a!alan la$n +a"a 2a(t# tertent# "engan *'arat "an r#(#n tertent# "e!$ !e!en#$ +angg$lan Alla *2t& "an !engara+ r$"3N'a. Alla *2t& %er0$r!an : _ ` bc [ i [c J 5 x]yzu {| }~•c ^ b w [b ob p ] j [ db` [\ b f[h b k [ b` [\ ] m b q \] s [u[ v Art$n'a : Menger,a(an a,$ a"ala (e2a,$%an !an#*$a tera"a+ Alla& 'a$t# %ag$ 3rang 'ang *angg#+ !enga"a(an +er,alanan (e Ba$t#lla . Al$ I!r3n : J 6. S'arat Ha,$ Ha,$ "$2a,$%(an ata* 3rang 'ang (#a*a "an !a!+#& *at# (al$ "ala! *e#!#r $"#+n'a. A"a+#n *'arat 2a,$% a,$ a"ala : a. %. 4. ". e.
I*la! Bal$g "e2a*a& ana(5ana( t$"a( 2a,$%. Bera(al *eat. Mer"e(a %e%a*& *e"ang t$"a( "ala! taanan. Ma!+# $*t$t3?a Yang "$!a(*#" "engan !a!+# "$*$n$ a"ala :
5 Me!+#n'a$ %e(al 'ang 4#(#+ #nt#( +er,alanan +erg$ "an +#lang *erta %e(al %ag$ (el#arga 'ang "$t$nggal(an.
16
5 A!an "ala! +er,alanan. 5 Bag$ +ere!+#an en"a(la "engan !#r$!n'a& *#a!$ ata# 2an$ta la$n 'ang "a+at "$+er4a'a. Ra*#l#lla *a2& %er*a%"a : Š~‹\] Œ]w~ € y ‡bˆ [‰ †[ k [ ƒ„b … [k [ †b }b[|y z [\ ] y [ ‚ Art$n'a : =anganla *e3rang 2an$ta %e+erg$an (e4#al$ %e*erta !#r$!n'a. HR. B#(3r$ 5 Seat %a"an. Orang 'ang *a($t ata# *#"a t#a (e2a,$%an a,$ %3le "$gant$(an 3rang la$n "engan %$a'a 3rang ter*e%#t. 7. R#(#n Ha,$. D$ "ala! a,$ r#(#n "$%e"a(an "engan 2a,$%. R#(#n a,$ a"ala +er%#atan5+er%#atan 'ang a+a%$la t$"a( "$(er,a(an !a(a %atal $%a"a a,$n'a "an ar#* "$#lang. Se"ang 2a,$% a,$ a"ala *#at# +er%#atan 'ang 2a,$% "$(er,a(an teta+$ *'an'a a,$ t$"a( tergant#ng (e+a"an'a& "an a+a%$la t$"a( "$(er,a(an 2a,$% "$gant$ "engan "a! "en"a. A"a+#n 'ang ter!a*#( r#(#n a,$ a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t : a. Ir3!& 'a$t# n$at !#la$ !enger,a(an $%a"a a,$#!r3 "engan %er+a(a$an $r3!. %. -#(#0& 'a$t# %er"$a! "$+a"ang Ara0a +a"a 2a(t# 'ang "$tent#(an& 'a$t# !#la$ tergel$n4$rn'a !ataar$ +a"a tanggal ")#l$,,a *a!+a$ ter%$t 0a,ar +a"a tanggal 6 ")#l$,,a. 4. Ta2a0& 'a$t# !engel$l$ng$ Ka?%a *e%an'a( J (al$. A"a+#n *'arat5*'arat ta2a0 a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t: 6. S#4$ "ar$ a"at* "an na,$*. 7. Men#t#+ a#r3t G. Hen"a(la *e!+#rna J (al$ +#taran. . D$!#la$ "ar$ Ha,ar A*2a" "an "$a($r$ "$ Ha,ar A*2a". . Hen"a(la Ka?%a *elal# "$*e%ela ($r$ 3rang 'ang t32a0. ;. Hen"a(la ta2a0 $t# "$l#ar Ka?%a teta+$ !a*$ "$ "ala! Ma*,$". Ma4a!5!a4a! Ta2a0 : 17
Ta2a0 @#"#!& 'a$t# ta2a0 'ang "$la(#(an (et$(a %ar# "atang. *e%aga$ ta$'at#l !a*,$". • • •
• •
Ta2a0 I0a"a& 'a$t# ta2a0 'ang !er#+a(an r#(#n a,$. Ta2a0 -a"a?& 'a$t# ta2a0 (et$(a a(an +#lang (e tana a$r. Ta2a0 Taall#l& 'a$t# ta2a0 'ang "$la(#(an #nt#( !ele+a*(an "$r$ "ar$ 'ang "$ara!(an (arena $r3!. Ta2a0 Na")ar& 'a$t# t32a0 (arena na)"ar. Ta2a0 S#nat.
A"a+#n %a4aan (et$(a ta2a0 a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t : ]w [ v ]†b d [\ [b†[w [ v [ • o dk j Œ]w~ bv]b † b }[• Ž †[w [ { b b z ‚ b ] x [ ‚ [ [| v [ †[ &y [ \ ]w [ v [ c Art$n'a : Maa S#4$ Alla& *egala P#,$ %ag$ Alla& t$"a( a"a T#an *ela$n Alla& Alla Maa Be*ar& t$"a( a"a "a'a "an (e(#atan (e4#al$ ata* +ert3l3ngan Alla. HR. I%n# Ma,a ". Sa?$& 'a$t# %erlar$5lar$ (e4$l antara %#($t S30a "an Mar2a. S'arat5*'arat *a?$ a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t : ‘ D$!#la$ "ar$ %#($t S30a "an "$ a($r$ "$%#($t Mar2a. ‘ D$la(#(an *e%an'a( J (al$. Dar$ S30a (e Mar2a "$$t#ng *e(al$ "an *e%al$(n'a "ar$ Mar2a (eS30a ,#ga "$$t#ng *e(al$. ‘ D$la(#(an *e*#"a ta2a0. e. Men4#(#rMengg#nt$ng ra!%#t. Men4#(#r ra!%#t %er0#ng*$ *e%aga$ taall#l +engalalan tera"a+ %e%era+a al 'ang "$ara!(an *ela!a $r3!. Men4#(#r ra!%#t *e(#rang5(#rangn'a G ela$. G. -a,$% Ha,$. -a,$% a,$ a"ala al5al 'ang ar#* "$la(#(an "ala! !enger,a(an a,$ "an %$la "$t$nggal(an teta+ *'a a,$n'a teta+$ 2a,$% !e!%a'ar "a! "en"a. Hal5al 'ang ter!a*#( 2a,$% a,$ a"ala : a. Ir3! "ar$ !$3t. 18
M$3t a"ala %ata* te!+at "an 2a(t# #nt#( !ela(#(an $r3! n$at a,$ . M$3t "$%ag$ !en,a"$ "#a !a4a! : 3 M$3t /a!an$ 'a$t# %ata* ata# (etent#an 2a(t# !#la$ !enger,a(an $%a"a a,$. M$3t )a!an$ !#la$ a2al %#lan *'a2al *a!+a$ ter%$t 0a,ar tanggal 6 ")#l$,,a. 3 M$3t Ma(an$ 'a$t# te!+at !e!#la$ $r3! %ag$ 'ang a(an !enger,a(an a,$ #!r3.Unt#( ,a!aa a,$ "ar$ In"3ne*$a !#la$ $r3!n'a "ar$ Ban"ara K$ng A%"#l A)$* =e""a %ag$ 'ang lang*#ng !en#,# Ma((a& "an !#la$ "ar$ B$r Al$ %ag$ 'ang !en#,# Ma"$na le%$ "a#l#. %. Ber!ala! "$ M#*"al$0a. Ya$t# *e*#"a ter%ena! !ataar$ tanggal ")#l$,,a *etela 2#(#0. Ke!#"$an *3lat !agr$% "an $*a( "$,a!a( 3*3r. D$*$n$ %$*a !enga!%$l (er$($l *e%an'a( %#a ata# J %#a. 4. Be!ala! "$ M$na. Pa"a tanggal 66& 67& ata# 6G 2a,$% %er!ala! "$ M$na. ". Mel3ntar =#!ra A3%a. D$la(#(an *e%an'a( J (al$ +a"a tanggal 6 ")#l$,,a (e!#"$an !ela(#(an taall#l a2al "engan !en4#(#r ra!%#t& *e$ngga *el#r# larangan $r3! !en,a"$ g#g#r (e4#al$ !engga#l$ $*tr$. e. Mel3ntar =#!ra Ula& -#*ta "an A3%a. D$la(#(an +a"a tanggal 66& 67& 6G ")#l$,,a !a*$ng5!a*$ng J (al$. B3le !el3ntar +a"a tanggal 66&67 *a,a (e!#"$an (e!%al$ (e5 Ma((a "an $n$ "$na!a(anna0ar a2al. Bag$ 'ang +a"a tanggal 6G !a*$ "$ M$na "$ar#*(an !el3ntar ,#!ra lag$ "an $n$ "$na!a(an na0ar t*an$. 0.
Men,a#(an "ar$ al5al 'ang "$ara!(an *ela!a $r3!.
g. Ta2a0 -a"a?. A"a+#n larangan5larangan $r3! a,$ "an #!r3 a"ala : 6. Bag$ la($5la($ "$larang %er+a(a$an %er,a$t. 19
7. Bag$ la($5la($ "$larang !en#t#+ (e+ala. G. Bag$ 2an$ta "$larang !en#t#+ !#(a "an tela+a( tangan. . Bag$ la($5la($ !a#+#n +ere!+#an "$larang !e!a(a$ ar#!5ar#!an *ela!a $r3! %a$( %a"an ata# +a(a$an (e4#al$ *e%el#! $r3! !ala "$an,#r(an. . D$larang !e!3t3ng ra!%#t ata# %#l# %a"an la$n& "an ,#ga "$larang !e!a(a$ !$n'a( ra!%#t. ;. D$larang !e!$nang& !en$(a& !en$(a(an& ata# !en,a"$ 2al$. J. D$larang %er*et#%# ata# +en"a#l#n'a. . D$larang !e!%#n# %$natang "arat 'ang l$ar "an alal "$!a(an. a". g. Ta2a0 -a"a? ta2a0 +a!$tan . . S#nat Ha,$ a. Me!%a4a Tal%$'a. Bag$ la($5la($ "engan *#ara n'ar$ng "an %ag$ +ere!+#an 4#(#+ "$ "engar *en"$r$. -a(t#n'a *e,a( !#la$ $r3! *a!+a$ !el3ntar ,#!ra a3%a. A"a+#n la0al tal%$'a a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t : z \ ]w [ ’ [ [\ ’ [ “ y [ [\ [z [– q —\]w [ [z ‚ [ ` [\ ’ [ [\ ’ [ “ y [ ` [\ &’ [ ` [\ ˜ ™ \] ’ [ ` [\ [ †[ ’ [ †[ ’ b &’ ˜ˆk w ƒ~‹\] Œ]w~ ’ [ \ ] x b ” b ” Art$n'a: A(# !e!en#$ +angg$lan5M# 'a Alla a(# !e!en#$ +angg$lan5M#& t$a"a *e(#t# %ag$5M#& *e*#ngg#n'a *egala +#,$ "an n$(!at %ag$5M#& %ag$5M#la *egala (e(#a*aan& t$a"a *e(#t# %ag$5M#. HR. B#(3r$ "an M#*l$! %. Me!%a4a *3la2at "an %er"3?a *e*#"a !e!%a4a tal%$'a. 4. Me!%a4a ")$($r *e2a(t# ta2a0. La0al ")$($rn'a a"ala : ~ [ ]› [u[ q [Žbw [ _q [ˆ [ œb] ž‡bw [ _q [ˆ [ [ }by [ ` [Ÿ \] ž‡b q [‰b q [ ~ [ o [ o b q \] š ". S3lat "#a r3(aat *e*#"a ta2a0. e. Ma*#( (e Ka?%a. . Cara Menger,a(an Ha,$. A"a G 4ara !enger,a(an a,$ 'a$t# : 20
6 6. I0r3"& 'a$t# !enger,a(an a,$ "an #!r3 "engan 4ara !en"a#l#(an a,$ "ar$ +a"a #!r3. Ya(n$ $r3! "$ter#*(an a,$& (e!#"$an $r3! lag$ #nt#( #!r3. Cara $n$ 'ang ter%a$( "an %e%a* "ar$ "a! "en"a. 7 7. Ta!at#(& 'a$t# !enger,a(an a,$ "an #!r3 "engan 4ara !en"a#l#(an #!r3 "ar$ +a"a a,$. Ya(n$ $r3! "#l# "$ter#*(an #!r3 (e!#"$an $r3! lag$ #nt#( a,$. Cara $n$ ter(ena "a! "en"a. G G. @$r3n& 'a$t# !enger,a(an a,$ "an #!r3 *e4ara %er*a!a. =a"$ *e(al$ $r3! "ala! 2a(t# a,$ #nt#( !en#na$(an a,$ "an #!r3 *e(al$g#*. Cara $n$ ,#ga ter(ena "a!. ;. Da! "en"a Dala! Ha,$. Da! a"ala "en"a 'ang 2a,$% "$la(*ana(an 3le 3rang 'ang *ela!a !en#na$(an a,$ "an #!r3& !elanggar larangan a,$ ata# !en$nggal(an 2a,$% a,$. a. Da! (arena %er*engga!a "ala! (ea"aan $r3! *e%el#! taall#l +erta!a :
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Men'e!%el$ *ee(3r #nta ata# le!%#& ata# J e(3r (a!%$ng. B$la t$"a( !en'e!%el$& $a 2a,$% %er*e"e(a (e+a"a 0a($r !$*($n %er#+a !a(an
•
*earga #ntale!%#. B$la t$"a( *angg#+& $a ar#* %er+#a*a *e%an'a( arga #nta "engan +er$t#ngan *et$a+
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*at# !#" ¡ & (g. "ag$ng ter*e%#t $a ar#* %er+#a*a *at# ar$. %. Da! (arena !elanggar *ala *at# larangan a,$ *e%aga$ %er$(#t : !en4#(#r ra!%#t& !e!3t3ng (#(#& !e!a(a$ +a(a$an %er,a$t %ag$ la($5la($& !e!a(a$ !$n'a( ra!%#t& !e!a(a$ 2ang$52ang$an& %er*engga!a *e*#"a taal#l +erta!a& !a(a "en"an'a !e!$l$ *ala *at# "$antara G al 'a$t#: 5 Men'e!%el$ *ee(3r (a!%$ng. 5 P#a*a G ar$. 5 Ber*e"e(a G gantang &G l$ter !a(anan (e+a"a ; 3rang 0a($r !$*($n. 4. Da! (arena !ela(*ana(an a,$ Ta!at#( ata# @$r3n. Den"an'a a"ala *e%aga$ %er$(#t: Men'e!%el$ *ee(3r (a!%$ng. =$(a t$"a( !a!+# $a 2a,$% +#a*a 6 ar$& G ar$ "$(er,a(an "$ tana *#4$ "an J ar$ "$(er,a(an "$ tana a$r.
21
". Da! (arena !en$nggal(an *ala *at# 2a,$% a,$. Den"an'a *a!a "engan !ela(#(an a,$ Ta!at#( ata# @$r3n e. Da! (arena %er%#r# ata# !e!%#n# %$natang %#r#an. Den"an'a !e!$l$ *ala *at# "$antara G al : 6 Men'e!%el$ %$natang 'ang *e%an"$ng "engan %$natang 'ang "$%#n#. 7 Ber*e"e(a (e+a"a 0a($r !$*($n *earga %$natang ter*e%#t. G P#a*a *e%an'a( arga %$natang ter*e%#t& *et$a+ *at# !#" 2a,$% %er+#a*a 6 . H$(!a Ha,$ •
Da+at !ena!%a "an !e!+er(#at $!an "an ta2a (e+a"a Alla *2t& *e%a% a,$ "an
• •
#!r3 !e!erl#(an 0$*$( 'ang (#at. Da+at !e!%er$ +ela,aran "an +en"3r3ng (a#! !#*l$!$n #nt#( %er(3r%an. Me!+er(#at #(#2a $*la!$'a antara *e*a!a #!at I*la! "ar$ %er%aga$ +en,#r#
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"#n$a. Da+at !en,a"$ 03r#! !#(ta!ar #!at I*la! *el#r# "#n$a #nt#( !e!%aa* "an
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!e!e4a(an +er!a*alaan (a#! !#*l$!$n. Da+at !engenal te!+at5te!+at %er*e,ara *e+ert$ Ka?%a& S30a& Mar2a& S#!#r /a!5 )a! Me(a& Ar30a& Ma"$na& Ma(a! Na%$ *a2& "an la$n5la$n.
Pen'elenggaraan Ha,$ "an U!r3 "$ In"3ne*$a. Pen'elenggaraan $%a"a Ha,$ "$ In"3ne*$a "$at#r 3le Un"ang5#n"ang N3!3r 6G Ta#n 7 Tentang Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$ BAB I. KETENTUAN UMUM Pa*al 6 A'at 6. I%a"a Ha,$ a"ala r#(#n I*la! (el$!a 'ang !er#+a(an (e2a,$%an *e(al$ *e#!#r $"#+ %ag$ *et$a+ 3rang I*la! 'ang !a!+# !en#na$(ann'a. A'at 7. Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$ a"ala rang(a$an (eg$atan +engel3laan +ela(*anaan I%a"a Ha,$ 'ang !el$+#t$ +e!%$naan& +ela'anan& "an +erl$n"#ngan =e!aa Ha,$. A'at G. =e!aa Ha,$ a"ala -arga Negara In"3ne*$a 'ang %eraga!a I*la! "an tela !en"a0tar(an "$r$ #nt#( !en#na$(an I%a"a Ha,$ *e*#a$ "engan +er*'aratan 'ang "$teta+(an.
22
A'at J. K3!$*$ Penga2a* Ha,$ In"3ne*$a& 'ang *elan,#tn'a "$*e%#t KPHI& a"ala le!%aga !an"$r$ 'ang "$%ent#( #nt#( !ela(#(an +enga2a*an tera"a+ Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$. A'at . B$a'a Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$& 'ang *elan,#tn'a "$*e%#t BPIH& a"ala *e,#!la "ana 'ang ar#* "$%a'ar 3le -arga Negara 'ang a(an !en#na$(an I%a"a Ha,$. A'at 66. Pa*+3r Ha,$ a"ala "3(#!en +er,alanan re*!$ 'ang "$%er$(an (e+a"a =e!aa Ha,$ #nt#( !en#na$(an I%a"a Ha,$. A'at 6;. I%a"a U!ra a"ala #!ra 'ang "$la(*ana(an "$ l#ar !#*$! a,$. A'at 6J. Dana A%a"$ U!at& 'ang *elan,#tn'a "$*e%#t DAU& a"ala *e,#!la "ana 'ang "$+er3le "ar$ a*$l +enge!%angan Dana A%a"$ U!at "anata# *$*a %$a'a 3+era*$3nal Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$ *erta *#!%er la$n 'ang alal "an t$"a( !eng$(at. A'at 6. Ba"an Pengel3la Dana A%a"$ U!at& 'ang *elan,#tn'a "$*e%#t BP DAU& a"ala %a"an #nt#( !eng$!+#n& !engel3la& "an !enge!%ang(an Dana A%a"$ U!at. BAB II. ASAS DAN TU=UAN Pa*al 7 Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$ "$la(*ana(an %er"a*ar(an a*a* (ea"$lan& +r30e*$3nal$ta*& "an a(#nta%$l$ta* "engan +r$n*$+ n$rla%a. Pa*al G Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$ %ert#,#an #nt#( !e!%er$(an +e!%$naan& +ela'anan& "an +erl$n"#ngan 'ang *e%a$(%a$(n'a %ag$ =e!aa Ha,$ *e$ngga =e!aa Ha,$ "a+at !en#na$(an $%a"an'a *e*#a$ "engan (etent#an a,aran aga!a I*la!. BAB III. HAK DAN KE-A=IBAN Pa*al 6 Set$a+ -arga Negara 'ang %eraga!a I*la! %era( #nt#( !en#na$(an I%a"a Ha,$ "engan *'arat:
23
a %er#*$a +al$ng ren"a 6 "ela+an %ela* ta#n ata# *#"a !en$(a "an % !a!+# !e!%a'ar BPIH. 7 Ketent#an le%$ lan,#t !engena$ +er*'aratan *e%aga$!ana "$!a(*#" +a"a a'at 6 "$at#r "engan Perat#ran Menter$. Pa*al Set$a+ -arga Negara 'ang a(an !en#na$(an I%a"a Ha,$ %er(e2a,$%an *e%aga$ %er$(#t: a !en"a0tar(an "$r$ (e+a"a Pan$t$a Pen'elenggara I%a"a Ha,$ (ant3r De+arte!en Aga!a (a%#+aten(3ta *ete!+at % !e!%a'ar BPIH 'ang "$*et3r(an !elal#$ %an( +ener$!a *et3ran "an 4 !e!en#$ "an !e!at#$ +er*'aratan "an (etent#an 'ang %erla(# "ala! Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$. Pa*al ; Pe!er$nta %er(e2a,$%an !ela(#(an +e!%$naan& +ela'anan& "an +erl$n"#ngan "engan !en'e"$a(an la'anan a"!$n$*tra*$& %$!%$ngan I%a"a Ha,$& A(3!3"a*$& Tran*+3rta*$& Pela'anan Ke*eatan& (ea!anan& "an al5al la$n 'ang "$+erl#(an 3le =e!aa Ha,$. Pa*al J =e!aa Ha,$ %era( !e!+er3le +e!%$naan& +ela'anan& "an +erl$n"#ngan "ala! !en,alan(an I%a"a Ha,$& 'ang !el$+#t$: a +e!%$!%$ngan !ana*$( a,$ "anata# !ater$ la$nn'a& %a$( "$ tana a$r& "$ +er,alanan& !a#+#n "$ Ara% Sa#"$ % +ela'anan A(3!3"a*$& (3n*#!*$& Tran*+3rta*$& "an Pela'anan Ke*eatan 'ang !e!a"a$& %a$( "$ tana a$r& *ela!a "$ +er,alanan& !a#+#n "$ Ara% Sa#"$ 4 +erl$n"#ngan *e%aga$ -arga Negara In"3ne*$a " +engg#naan Pa*+3r Ha,$ "an "3(#!en la$nn'a 'ang "$+erl#(an #nt#( +ela(*anaan I%a"a Ha,$ "an e +e!%er$an (en'a!anan Tran*+3rta*$ "an +e!3n"3(an *ela!a "$ tana a$r& "$ Ara% Sa#"$& "an *aat (e+#langan (e tana a$r. BAB IV. PEN
24
6 Menter$ !e!%ent#( Pan$t$a Pen'elenggara I%a"a Ha,$ "$ t$ng(at +#*at& "$ "aera 'ang !e!$l$($ e!%ar(a*$& "an "$ Ara% Sa#"$. 7 Dala! rang(a Pen'elenggaraan I%a"a Ha,$& Menter$ !en#n,#( +et#ga* 'ang !en'erta$ =e!aa Ha,$& 'ang ter"$r$ ata*: a. T$! Pe!an"# Ha,$ In"3ne*$a TPHI %. T$! Pe!%$!%$ng I%a"a Ha,$ In"3ne*$a TPIHI "an
C. WAKAF
-a(a0 !er#+a(an *ala *at# $%a"a (e%en"aan 'ang +ent$ng 'ang *e4ara e(+l$*$t t$"a( !e!$l$($ r#,#(an "ala! ($ta% *#4$ Al5@#ran. Ole (arena $t#& #la!a tela !ela(#(an $"ent$0$(a*$ #nt#( !en4ar$ $n"#( (ata1 *e%aga$ *an"aran #(#!. Ha*$l $"ent$0$(a*$ !ere(a ,#ga a($rn'a !ela$r(an raga! n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 'ang "$,ela*(an +a"a %ag$an %er$(#t. -a(a0 a"ala $n*t$t#*$ *3*$al I*la!$ 'ang t$"a( !e!$l$($ r#,#(an 'ang e(*+l$*$t "ala! al5 @#ran "an *#na. Ula!a %er+en"a+at %a2a +er$nta 2a(a0 !er#+a(an %ag$an "ar$ +er$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an al-khayr *e4ara ar0$a %erart$ (e%a$(an. Da*arn'a a"ala 0$r!an Alla %er$(#t : ...dan berbuatlah kebajikan agar kamu memperoleh kemenangan”
I!a! Al5Baga2$ !ena0*$r(an %a2a +eer$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an al-khayr %erart$ +er$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an *$lat#ra!$& "an %era(la( 'ang%a$(.
Se!entaraTa$' al5D$n A%$ Ba(r
I%n M#a!!a" al5H#*a$n$ al5D$!a*$ !ena0*$r(an %a2a +er$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an al5 (a'r %erart$ +er$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an 2a(a0. Pena0*$ran !en#r#t al5D$!a*$ ter*e%#t rele9an munasabah "engan 0$r!an Alla tentang 2a*$'at. %$ & " '% (
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“Kamu diwajibkan berwasiat apabila sudah didatangi (tanda-tanda) kematian dan jika kamu meninggalkan harta yang banyak untuk ibu bapak dan karib kerabat dengan acara yang ma’ruf (ini adalah) kewajiban atas orang-orang yang takwa.”
Dala! a'at tentang 2a*$at& (ata al-khayr "$art$(an "engan arta %en"a. Ole (arena $t#& +er$nta !ela(#(an al-khayr %erart$ +er$nta #nt#( !ela(#(an $%a"a %en"a2$. Dengan 25
"e!$($an& 2a(a0 *e%aga$ (3n*e+ $%a"a (e%en"aan %era(ar +a"a al-khayr. Alla !e!er$nta(an !an#*$a #nt#( !enger,a(ann'a. Pen%e!ian Wa$a*
Men#r#t %aa*a -a(a0 %era*al "ar$ wa!f 'ang %erart$ radiah ter(e!%al$(an& al-tahbis tertaan& altasbil terta2an "an al5!an># !en4ega. [ "$*e%#t +#la "engan al-habs alahbas&
,a!a(. Se4ara %aa*a& al-habs %erart$ al-sijn +en,ara& "$a!& 4ega& r$ntangan&
alangan& taanan&1 "an +enga!anan.
a"$t* r$2a'at I!a! B#(ar$ "ar$ I%n U!ar 'ang !en,ela*(an %a2a
U!ar I%n al5Kata% "atang (e+a"a Na%$ *a2. Me!$nta +et#n,#( +e!an0aatan tana !$l$(n'a "$ Ka$%ar. Na%$ *a2. Ber*a%"a: ') * + ') *,- *./
"ila engkau menghendaki# tahanlah pokoknya dan sedekahkanlah hasinya (manfaatnya)$” Kedua, "ala! a"$t* r$2a'at
I%n A%%a* 'ang "$,a"$(an ala*an #(#! 3le I!a! A%#
Han$0a "$,ela*(an %a2a Na%$ M#a!!a" *a2. %er*a%"a : 0 12
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“%arta yang sudah berkedudukan sebagai tirkah (harta pusaka) tidak lagi termasuk benda wakaf.”
Dala! a"$t* "$(ata(an %a2a 2a(a0 "$*e%#t "engan *e"e(a ,ar$a (shada!at jariyah "an al-habs arta 'ang +3(3(n'a "$(el3la "an a*$ln'a "$"er!a(an. Ole (arena $t#& n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "ala! ($ta%5($ta% a"$ta* "an 0$$ t$"a( *eraga!.. Al5S'ar(a*$ "ala! ($ta% al5Ma%*#t& !e!%er$(an n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "engan K$ta% al52a0& I!a! Mal$( !en#l$*(ann'a "engan n3!en(lat#r K$ta% %abs wa al-&hada!at# I!a! al5S'a0$>I "ala! al5 U!! !e!%er$(an n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "engan al5A%a*& "an %a(an I!a! B#(ar$ !en'erta(an a"$t*5a"$t* tentang 2a(a0 "engan n3!en(lat#r K$ta% al5-a*a'a. Ole (arena $t# *e4ara n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 ""$*e%#t "engan al-ahbas# shada!at jariyat# dan al-wa!f. Se4ara n3r!at$9e $"$3l3g$* "an *3*$3l3g$* +er%e"aan n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 ter*e%#t "a+at "$%enar(an& (arena lan"a*an n3r!at$9e +er2a(a0an *e4ara e(*+l$*$t t$"a( ter"a+at "ala! al5 @#ran ata# al5S#nna "an (3n"$*$ !a*'ara(at +a"a 2a(t# $t# !en#nt#t a(an a"an'a al ter*e%#t. Ole (arena $t#& 2$la'a I,t$a" "ala! %$"ang 2a(a0 le%$ %e*ar "ar$ +a"a 2$la'a Ta#$0$5N'a. 26
Ketiga, *e%a% n#)#l *ala *at#
a'at "ala! *#rat an5n$*aa> "ala! +en,ela*an I!a! S'#ra$
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“'abi uhammad saw. menjual benda wakaf.”
Men#r#t I*t$la& 2a(a0 %erart$ : 7 5 <'-5 ( +5 & " 8$- = & ( +$ 4>% 8? " 6'% 45 8 9' $:
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“enahanan harta yang memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan desertai dengan kek al *at+benda dengan memutuskan (memotong) tasharruf (penggolongan) dalam penjagaannya atas ushrif (pengelola) yang dibolehkan adanya.
Ata* "a*ar *e,#!la r$2a'at ter*e%#t& n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "ala! ($ta%5($ta% a"$t* "an 0$($ t$"a(la *eraga!. Al5S'ar(a*$ "ala! ($ta% al-absut !e!%er$(an n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "engan al-,akaf# I!a! al5 S'a0$>$ "ala! al-m !e!%er$(an n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 "engan al hbas#
"n %a(an I!a! B#(ar$ !en'erta(an a"$t*5a"$t* tentang 2a(a0 "engan
n3!en(lat#r K$ta% al5-a*a'a. Ole (arena $t#& *e4ara te(n$*& 2a(a0 "$*e%#t "engan alahbas# shada!ah jariyah# dan al-wakaf
Keraga!an n3!en(lat#r 2a(a0 ter,a"$ (arena t$"a( a"a (ata 2a(a0 'ang e(*+l$*$t "ala! Al5@#ran "an a"$t*. Hal $n$ !en#n,#(an %a2a 2$la'a $,t$a" "ala! %$"ang 2a(a0 le%$ %e*ar "ar$ +a"a 2$la'a taw!ifi. A. A"a!+a"a! a+-an "an% /e$ai!an 0en%an Wa$a*
Se+ert$ tela "$#ang(a+(an "$ !#(a& %a2a *e4ara e(*+l$*$t t$"a( "$te!#(an a'at al5@#ran 'ang !engat#r tentang 2a(a0& na!#n *e4ara $!+l$*$t 4#(#+ %an'a( a'at5a'at 'ang %$*a ,a"$ "a*ar #(#! tentang 2a(a0& 'a$t# %e%era+a a'at tetang $n0a( "$antaran'a : &. -1an : a Ha22 : 33
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erumpamaan (nafkah yang dikeluarkan oleh) orang-orang yang menafkahkan hartanya di jalan llah adalah serupa dengan sebutir benih yang menumbuhkan tujuh butir# pada tiaptiap butir1 seratus biji. llah melipatgandakan (ganjaran) bagi siapa yang 2ia kehendaki. 2an llah aha luas (kurnia-'ya) lagi aha engetahui. (. -1an Ai I7an : 8'
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Kamu sekali-kali tidak sampai kepada kebajikan (yang sempurna)# sebelum kamu menafkahkan sebagian harta yang kamu cintai. 2an apa saja yang kamu nafkahkan maka sesungguhnya llah mengetahuinya.
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K#t$+an Al5@#ran *#rat Al$ I!ran a'at 7 ter*e%#t %enar5%enar !en'ent#. Tern'ata !ena0(a(an arta 'ang ($ta 4$nta$ !er#+a(an *ala *at# ,alan *e(al$g#* *'arat #nt#( !en'e!+#rna(an *e!#a (e%a,$(an la$n 'ang *#"a& *e"ang& "an a(an ($ta la(#(an. B$*a ,a"$ *e*e3rang tela %an'a( %er%#at %a$(. Ta!+a(n'a "engan !ena0(a(an *e%ag$an a( !$l$( 'ang *angat "$4$nta$ #nt#( +er,#angan "$ ,alan Alla& %ar#la a(an *a!+a$ (e+a"a (e%a,$(an(e*alean 'ang *e!+#rna. Sa%a% N#)#l a'at ter*e%#ta"ala& Se+ert$ "$terang(an "ala! a"$t* Na%$ 'ang "$r$2a'at(an 3le I!a! B#43r$& M#*l$!& Tar!$")$& "an An5Na*a>$& 'ang "$ter$!a "ar$ Ana* %$n Mal$(& Bel$a# !enrang(an : A%# T3la "$antara *ala *e3rang Saa%at Na%$ 'ang +al$ng %an'a( !e!$l$($ (e%#n (#r!an'a "$ Ma"$na& *ala *at#n'a (e%#n (#r!a "airuha# (e%#n ter*e%#t %era"a+an "engan Ma*,$" te!+at Na%$ *e!%a'ang "an Na%$ *er$ng (el#ar !a*#( !e!a(an (#r!a ter*e%#t "an !e!$n#! a$rn'a 'ang ar#!. 28
Ket$(a t#r#n a'at ter*e%#t Al$ I!ran : 7 T3la lang*#ng !en"atang$ Ra*#ll lal# $a %er(ata& :Ya Ra*#l#lla& *e*#ngg#n'a (e(a'aan 'ang *angat (#4$nta$ 'a$t# (e%#n (#r!a "airuha#
(arena a"a +er$nta "ar$ Alla !elal#$ a'at ta"$& (#*e"e(a(an %a$r#a $n$
(e+a"a!# Ya Ra*#l#lla. Men"engar #4a+an A%# T3la& Ra*#l#lla %er(ata& 2aa$ T3la *#ngg# eng(a# %er#nt#ng& (e%#n (#r!a $t# !e!%a2a (e%er#nt#ngan& (ala# %eg$t# alang(a %a$(n'a "$*e"e(a(an (e%#n (#r!a $t# (e+a"a (ar$% (era%at!#. T$!+al A%# T3la& 'a Ra*#l#lla a(an (#*e"e(a(an arta $t# *e*#a$ "engan +et#n,#(!# Ya Ra*#l#lla. Ke!#"$an "ala! R$2a'at A%$ Hat$! "ar$ M#a!!a" %$n Al5M#n(3"$r& %el$a# %er(ata& %a2a (et$(a t#r#n a'at Al$ I!ran (e 7& "atang *aa%at /a$" %$n Har$t*'a !e!%a2a *ee(3r (#"a 'ang %erna!a &ibul & /a$" t$"a( !e!$l$($ lag$ (e(a'aan la$n *ela$n (#"a $t#. Bel$a# %er(ata& Ya Ra*#l#lla *a'a "atang a(an !en'era(an (#"a $n$ #nt#( (e+ent$ngan aga!a& Ra*#ll !en,a2a% A(# !ener$!a *e"e(a!#1 2aa$ /a$". Selan,#tn'a 3le Ra*#l#lla "$t#nggang(an "$ata* +#ngg#ng (#"a $t# U*a!a %$n /a$" ana(n'a /a$"& lanta* Ra*#ll !el$at !#(a /a$" aga( !#ra! !a*$ !era*a %erat at$ !ele+a*(an (#"a (e*a'angann'a. Na!#n Ra*#l#lla !elan,#t(an +er(ataann'a. Se*#ngg#n'a Alla tela !ener$!a *e"e(a enga(a# /a$". Pe!aa!an (3nte(* ata* a,aran 2a(a0 ,#ga "$a!%$l(an "ar$ %e%era+a a"$t* Na%$ 'ang !en'$ngg#ng !a*ala *a"aa ,ar$'a& 'a$t# : "
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2ari bu %urairah ra. &esungguhnya /asulullah &aw bersabda 1 “pabila anak dam (manusia meninggal dunia# maka putuslah amalnya# kecuali tiga perkara1 &hada!ah jariyah# ilmu yang bermanfaat dan anak shaleh yang mendoakan orang tuanya”. (%/. uslim)
Pena0*$ran *a"aa ,ar$'a "ala! a"$t* ter*e%#t "$(ataa(an a*#( "ala! +e!e%aa*an 2a(a0& *e+ert$ 'ang "$#ang(a+(an *e3rang I!a! R ' ='A
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%adit tersebut dikemukakan di dalam bab wakaf# karena para ulama menafsirkan shada!ah jariyah dengan wakaf
.
29
Ha"$t* Na%$ 'ang *e4ara tega* !en'$ngg#ng "$an,#r(ann'a $%a"a 2a(a0& 'a$t# +er$nta Na%$ (e+a"a U!ar #nt#( !e2a(a0(an tanan'a 'ang a"a "$ Ka$%ar : ') G 5'.$, B 8 " 0 & V-? & '. - 'D= ]' ]'> *,- *./ X ;' 8 &: 5'. ' 8?5 F ?" 3 : ^ '5 # K -B & ]' & & % & 6 % & ') S + _ @ ,5 G =C ; $5 I > (
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2ari 3bnu mar ra. "erkata# bahwa sahabat mar /a. emperoleh sebidang tanah d Khaibar kemudian menghadap kepada /asulullah untukm memohon petunjuk mar berkata 1 4a /asulullah# saya mendapatkan sebidang tanah di Khaibar# saya belum pernah mendapatkan harta sebaik itu# maka apakah engkau perintahkan kepadaku 5 /asulullah menjawab1 "ila kamu suka# kamu tahan (pokoknya) ntanah itu# dan kamu sedekahkan (hasilnya). Kemudian mar menyedekahkannya kepada orang-orang fakir# kaum kerabat# budak belian# sabilillah# ibnu sabil dan tamu. 2an tidak mengapa atau tidak dilarang bagi yang menguasai tanah wakaf itu (pengurusnya) makan dari hasilnya dengan cara yang baik (sepantasnya) atau makan dengan tidak bermaksud menumpuk harta (%/. uslim).
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2ari 3bnu mar# ia berkata 1 “mar mengatakan kepada 'abi &aw# saya mempunyai seratus dirham saham di Khaibar. &aya belum pernah mendapat harta yang paling saya kagumi seperti itu. 0etapi saya ingin menyedekahkannya. 'abi &aw mengatakan kepada mar 1 0ahanlah (jangan jual# hibahkan dan wariskan) asalnya (modal pokok) dan jadikan buahnya sedekah untuk sabilillah” (%./. "ukhari dan uslim).
Bert$t$( t3la( "ar$ %e%era+a a'at al5@#ran "an a"$t* Na%$ 'ang !en'$ngg#ng tentang a(a0 ter*e%#t na!+a( t$"a( terlal# tega*. Karena $t# *e"$($t *e(al$ #(#!5#(#! 2a(a0 'ang "$tera+(an %er"a*ar(an (e"#a *#!%er ter*e%#t. Se$ngga a,aran 2a(a0 $n$ "$leta(an +a"a 2$la'a 'ang %er*$0at $,t$a"$& %#(an ta>a%#"$& (#*#*n'a 'ang %er(a$tan "engan a*+e( +engel3laan& ,en$* 2a(a0& *'arat& +er#nt#(an "an la$n5la$n. Me*($+#n "e!$($an& a'at al5@#ran "an S#nna 'ang *e"$($t $t# !a!+# !en,a"$ +e"3!an +ara al$ 0$($ I*la!. Se,a( !a*a K#la0a#r Ra*'$"#n *a!+a$ *e(arang& "ala! !e!%aa* "an !enge!%ang(an #(#!5#(#! 2a(a0 "engan !engg#na(an !et3"e +enggal$an #(#! $,t$a" !ere(a. Se%a% $t# *e%ag$an %e*ar #(#!5#(#! 2a(a0 "ala!
30
I*la! "$teta+(an *e%aga$ a*$l $,t$a"& "engan !engg#na(an !et3"e $,t$a" *e+ert$ $'a*& !a*laa !#r*ala "an la$n5la$n. Ole (arenan'a& (et$(a *#at# #(#! a,aran I*la! 'ang !a*#( "ala! 2$la'a $,t$a"$& !a(a al ter*e%#t !en,a"$ *angat 0le(*$%el& ter%#(a tera"a+ +ena0*$ran5+ena0*$ran %ar#& "$na!$*& 0#r#r$*t$( "an %er3r$enta*$ +a"a !a*a "e+an. Se$ngga "engan "e!$($an& "$t$n,a# "ar$ a*+e( a,aran *a,a& 2a(a0 !er#+a(an *e%#a +3ten*$ 'ang 4#(#+ %e*ar #nt#( %$*a "$(e!%ang(an *e*#a$ "engan (e%#t#an )a!an. A+alag$ a,aran 2a(a0 $n$ ter!a*#( %ag$an "ar$ !#a!ala 'ang !e!$l$($ ,ang(a#an 'ang *angat l#a*& (#*#*n'a "ala! +enge!%angan e(3n3!$ le!a. Me!ang& %$la "$t$,a# "ar$ (e(#atan *an"aan #(#! 'ang "$!$l$($& a,aran 2a(a0 !er#+a(an a,aran 'ang %er*$0rat an,#ran *#nna& na!#n (e(#atan 'ang "$!$l$($ *e*#ngg#n'a %eg$t# %e*ar *e%aga$ t3ngga( !en,alan(an r3"a (e*e,ateraan !a*'ara(at %an'a(. Se$ngga "engan "e!$($an& a,aran 2a(a0 'ang !a*#( "ala! 2$la'a $,t$a"$& "engan *en"$r$n'a !en,a"$ +en"#(#ng n3n !ana,er$al 'ang %$*a "$(e!%ang(an +engel3laann'a *e4ara 3+t$!al. #. Pe9a$a*an Daa7 n0an%+n0an% Di In0onesia
6.
-a(a0 *e%aga$ +ranata (eaga!aan 'ang !e!$l$($ +3ten*$ "an !an0aat e(3n3!$ 'ang +erl# "$(el3la *e4ara e0e(t$0 "an e0$*$en #nt#( (e+ent$ngan $%a"a "an #nt#( !e!a,#(an (e*e,ateraan #!#!.
7.
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6. Un"ang5Un"ang N3. Ta#n 6; tentang Perat#ran Da*ar P3(3(5P3(3( Agrar$a. 7. Un"ang5Un"ang N3!3r 6 Ta#n 7 tantang -a(a0 G. Perat#ran +e!er$nta N3. 7 Ta#n 7; tentang Pela(*anaan UU N3. 6 Ta#n 7 . Perat#ran +e!er$nta N3. 7 Ta#n 6JJ tentang Per2a(a0an Tana M$l$( #en0a Ti0a$ #e%ea$ "an% Da
6. Ha( ata* tana *e*#a$ "engan (etent#an +erat#ran +er#n"ang5#n"angan 'ang %erla(#& %a$( 'ang *#"a ter"a0tar !a#+#n 'ang %el#! ter"a0tar. 7. Bang#nan ata# %ag$an %ang#nan 'ang %er"$r$ "$ ata* tana "an ata# %ang#nan. G. Tana!an "an %e"a la$n 'ang %er(a$tan "engan tana . Hal !$l$( ata* *at#an r#!a *e*#a$ "engan +erat#ran +er#n"ag5#n"angan 'ang %erla(#. 31
. Ben"a t$"a( %ergera( la$n 'ang *e*#a$ "engan *e,ara "an +erat#ran +er#n"ang5#nagan. D. #en0a #e%ea$ "an% 0a
6. Uang R#+$a 7. L3ga! M#l$a G. S#rat Berarga . Ben"a %ergera( la$n 'ang %erla(# . Ken"araan ;. Ha( ata* (e(a'aan $ntele(t#al J. Ha( *e2a *e*#a$ (etent#an *'ar$a "an +erat#ran +er#n"a5#n"anga 'ang %erla(#. E. ns+ns Wa$a* 6. -a($0 7. Na")$r G. Harta Ben"a -a(a0 . Per#nt#(an -a(a0 . =ang(a -a(t# -a(a0 ;. S$gat -a(a0A(a" F.
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6. Na")$r Per3rangan "e2a*a& *eata& 4a(a+. 7. Organ$*a*$ Peng#r#* !e!en#$ *'arat *e%aga$ Na")$r +er*e3rangan& %ergerra( "ala! %$"ang *3*$al+e!"$"$(an(e!a*'ara(atan(eaga!aan I*la!. G. Ba"an H#(#! Peng#r#* !e!en#$ *'arat *e%aga$ Na")$r +er*e3rangan& Ba"an H#(#! *a& %ergera( "ala! %$"ang *3*$al +en"$"$(an(e!a*'ara(atan (eaga!aan I*la!. ).
Ter"a0tar "$ B-I "an Ke!enag Pen"a0taran "a+at "$la(*ana(an *etela +r3*e* 2a(a0 %ag$ na")$r %ar#.
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7. Mengel3la "an !enge!%ang(an arta 2a(a0 *e*#a$ t#,#an G. Menga2a*$ +r3*e* +engel3laan . Mela+3r(an a*$l +engel3laan (e+a"a B- "an Ke!enag. Na")$r "a+at !e!+er3le $!%alan !a(*$!al 6 Q "ar$ a*$l +engel3laan. I.
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"an Kan2$l Ke!enag Pr39$n*$. . Na)$r !eng#r#* +engal$an %#(t$ (e+e!$l$(an (e+a"a In*tan*$ ter(a$t. . Ter%$t %#(t$ (e+e!$l$(an Harta Ben"a -a(a0. BAB III : KESIMPULAN /a(at *e4ara %aa*a "a+at %erart$ 1(e*#4$an1& 1t#!%# ata# %er(e!%ang1&"an "a+at %erart$ 1(e%er(atan1. Men#r#t $*t$la )a(at $ala (a"ar arta tertent# 'ang 2a,$% "$(el#ar(an 3le *e*e3rang (e+a"a 'ang %era( !ener$!a !#*ta$( "engan (etent#an "an *'arat *'arat tertent#. 33